Unit 3 Festivals and customs 单元同步知识点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修二Unit 3，涵盖Reading与Extended Reading模块的核心词汇（如decorate、tradition等）及句型（独立主格、have+宾补结构），通过词根词缀分析、教材原句导入，构建从词汇变形、拓展到高考链接的连贯学习支架，帮助学生夯实基础并衔接实战。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，词汇部分结合高考范例与易混辨析，句型讲解搭配分层习题，同时融入传统节日等文化元素，助力学生提升语言应用能力，形成科学学习策略，高效达成知识内化与素养提升。

必修二 Unit 3 必修二U3【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v.装饰，装点；粉刷，装修；授予（某人）勋章 原文：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 婚礼在一间装饰华美的酒店包房内举行。(教材U30) 【变形】 decoration n. 装饰; 装饰物 decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 -ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决) n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸) 【拓展】 ★decorate. . . with. . . 　用……装饰…… be decorated with 装饰着…… 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷I）In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. 在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所有室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率提高了15%。 【习题】 ①Our classroom _________________flowers on New Year’s Day.   元旦那天我们教室里装点着鲜花。 ②(2018·天津高考) With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces _____________on a wedding cake.   有了3D打印机, 厨师就可以在婚庆蛋糕上印制复杂的巧克力雕像和漂亮的物品来装饰它。 ③Paper cutting is one of the most popular Chinese _________________.   剪纸是中国最受欢迎的装饰性民间艺术之一。 【高考链接】 【1-2024一中高三下适应演练2】As the room flooded with light, Sally’s eyes widened in surprise and disbelief. The classroom _________________(decorate) with balloons and streamers, a beautiful cake sat on the teacher’s desk, and in the corner, a pile of presents waited to be unwrapped. 【2023师附高二上大练习2】Wrapped simply in reeds and _________________(decorate) with hair and clay masks, Chile’s Chinchorro mummies are 2,000 years older than Egypt’s. 2. tradition /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ n.传统，惯例；传统故事，传说，传统信仰； 原文：According to tradition, the bride was wearing an eye-catching red silk sari. 遵照传统，新娘身穿一袭分外夺目的红丝绸莎丽。(教材U30) 【变形】 traditional 　 adj. 传统的 traditionally　 adv. 传统地 【拓展】 ★by tradition　　　　　　　 　按照传统 in the tradition of 沿袭……的传统 ★It is a tradition to do sth. /that. . . 做某事是传统 【高考范例】 （2020新高考I卷））Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 无论它是什么，结果都是对纯粹的中亚传统的完美而生动的描述。 （2018天津卷）Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. 不幸的是，研究表明，传统的脑力风暴无法实现这一目标。 【习题】 ①___________, children play tricks on April 1st.   按照传统, 孩子们在4月1日捣乱。 ②In some countries, _____________for a bride to wear white.   在一些国家, 新娘穿白色的衣服是一种风俗。 ③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We will wander in ____________________and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.   我们将在传统的小城镇漫步, 最后参观上海的一座独特的博物馆。 【高考链接】 【2025附中高三下模1】When I first came to TRU, I met with national and international students, talked to them about our culture, like how our interactions happened, the way we communicated, and the _________________(tradition) we were keeping. 【5-2024一中高三上月考5】We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in _________________(tradition)dishes from Mexico to Korea. Maybe we are masochistic after all. 【2023高三下明德二模】China has a long history of farming and a tradition of intensive _________________(cultivate). 3. impression /ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.印象，感想；影响，作用；印象画； 原文：I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me . 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。 (教材U30) 【变形】 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 【拓展】 ★leave/make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 first impression 第一印象 ★impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下印象 impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某物/事 ★be impressed by 被……所感动; 对……印象深刻 【高考范例】 （2021浙江卷）If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. 如果你觉得你的狗可以“辨别”你看起来是满意还是生气，那你可能发现了一些东西。 （2020江苏卷）Apr 1: Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry. 4月1日：中国海关开始对所有入境口岸的入境人员实行核酸检测。 （2012陕西卷）As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. 作为一名招聘经理，我的工作是挑选能给客户留下最好印象的人。 【习题】 ①The decoration of the room ________________________us.   这个房间的装饰给我们留下了深刻的印象。 ②I bet your visit will never fail to _______________the charm of Chinese traditional culture.   我打赌你的参观一定会让你对中国传统文化的魅力留下深刻印象。 ③Your art class is ______________because of your patience and active atmosphere.   由于你的耐心和活跃的气氛, 你的艺术课令人印象非常深刻。 【高考链接】 【2025一中高三下模1】If you’ re watching TV or scrolling TikTok while someone is speaking, they’ll likely get the impression_____________you’ re not really paying attention — and you’ll miss key details. 【2-2024雅礼高三上期中】Though Eddie was not impressed, my husband James proved_____ ______ we should always try again. 【2023长郡高二上期末】Not so fast, though new research shows a good reason why you might want to keep the yolk （蛋黄）in if you want to get fit. Plus, forget the bad impression_____________ the cholesterol（胆固醇）in yolks has gotten in the past. 4. entrance /ˈentrəns/ n.入口；进门；（演员的）登台；进入权，进入许可；卷入，参与；v.使入迷，使狂喜 原文：One was the bridegroom’s entrance on a beautiful white horse. 一个是新郎入场时竟骑着一匹俊美的白马。(教材U30) 【变形】 enter vi. 进入 【拓展】 ★the entrance to　　　　……的入口 gain entrance to 获得进入……的许可 make an entrance into 进入…… ★enter for 参加(竞赛, 活动等); 报名参加(比赛) 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. 罗马竞技场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。 （2020全国卷I）Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. 许多车站的停车场或站台入口处都设有轮椅通道。 【习题】 ①The __________the hall is beautifully decorated, which leaves a deep impression on me.   这个大厅的入口装饰得很漂亮, 给我留下了深刻的印象。 ②As a senior three student, I’m taking the College ________Examination in the near future. 作为一名高三学生, 不久我将参加高考。 ③If you want to ________it, you can contact the headmaster’s office by email or telephone.   如果你想报名参加, 你可以通过电子邮件或电话联系校长办公室。 【高考链接】 【2025一中高二下月考3】Scientists propose long-term fixes, ranging from injecting seawater to elevate sinking landmass, to architectural adaptations like elevating__________(entrance) or relocating heritage sites. 5.ordinary /ˈɔːd(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.普通的，平常的；平淡无奇的，平庸的；n.常见的人/事物 原文：The customs that followed were anything but ordinary. 接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。 (教材U30) 【变形】 ordinarily adv. 普通地, 一般地 【高考范例】 （2020浙江卷）Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound (化合物) in ordinary table salt. 岩盐是由氯化钠制成的，这是普通食盐中最常见的成分。 （2017北京卷）Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. 不幸的是，这个计划似乎不太可能奏效：我们还没有发明出一种能安全抵御普通人类的防火墙，更不用说超级智能机器了。 【易混辨析】common, usual, normal, ordinary, regular (1)common：共同的，普及的，普遍的。 例句：Don not tell me about that! It is common sense. 不要对我讲那个!那是常识。 (2)usual：通常的，往常的。 例句：I found her on the seashore, dreaming away as usual. 我在海滨找到了她，像往常一样她又在那儿发呆。 (3)normal：正常的，正规的，符合标准的。 例句：Her temperature soon returned to normal. 她的体温很快恢复正常。 (4)ordinary：普通的，一般的，指在一个群体中看不出区别的。 例句：These are just two ordinary houses. 这是两所普通的房子。 (5)regular：定期的，有规律的。 例句：He decided to call off his regular press conference. 他决定取消他的定期记者招待会。 【习题】 ①She ____________________in the morning.   她早上通常很忙。 ②Snowstorms are ________ during winter. 暴风雪在冬天里很常见。 ③She’s smiling her ____________smile.   她脸上挂着她一贯友好的微笑。 ④There is nothing to worry about. This is a _______________baby. 不用担心。 这是一个完全正常的孩子。  【高考链接】 【1-2024一中高三上月考1】It was just a typical morning of ___________ ordinary workday. 【2023雅礼高三上月考4】According to a University of Cambridge study, in ordinary life, many people experience some degree of discomfort when___________(face) with a math problem, ranging from mild tension to strong fear. 6.occasion /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n/ （某事发生的）时刻，时候；<正式>时机，适当的机会；特殊（或重大）场合，特殊（或重大）事件； 原文：No wonder people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 难怪里约人民要休一个礼拜的假来共襄盛举。(教材U31) 【变形】 occasional　 adj. 偶尔的, 临时的 occasionally　 adv. 偶尔, 有时候 【拓展】 on occasion(s)/sometimes/at times有时, 偶尔 on this/that occasion这/那次, 在这种/ 那种场合 on the occasion of　 在……之时 【高考范例】 （2020江苏卷）On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. 在另一种情况下，他们在开始散步前两小时吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 （2017全国卷II）This great occasion (盛会) will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. 这次盛会是中国国家大剧院首次访问英国。 【习题】 ①(2019·浙江高考)“Only _________________would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands. ” Adeline says.   Adeline说: “只有在一些特殊场合他们才会把它取出来, 让我们用手拿着。” ②We will take advantage of this chance to put on performances ______________.   我们将利用这个机会在这个场合进行表演。 ③He spent five years in Paris, __________________to some other cities in Europe.   他在巴黎待了五年, 偶尔去欧洲的其他几个城市游览。 ④He visited his parents ___________, because he works away from his hometown. 他偶尔去看看他的父母因为他在远离家乡的地方工作。 【高考链接】 【2025一中高三下模1】Nodding now and again and offering an “mmhmm” or “I see” can help them know that you care. And the________________ (occasion) verbal acknowledgement that you’ re listening and comprehending can encourage the other person to keep talking. 【4-2024附中高三上月考4】Though she still suffers occasional panic ____________(attack), Ducarroz now knows how to manage them. To help others with mental health conditions, Ducarroz has started an Instagram page called MindTricks. 【1-2024南雅高二下月考1】Trying to find the perfect present is as difficult as trying to read someone's mind. Few people will actually tell you what they want for ____________special occasion, and most of the time your loved ones will insist that they don't need or want anything! 【2025雅礼高二下月考1】On some________________ (occasion), the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. 7. anything but 原文：The customs that followed were anything but ordinary. 接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。 (教材U30) 【拓展】 nothing but　　 　 只有, 除了……以外什么也没有 all but 几乎, 差一点 everything but 除了……其余都…… ◎The hotel was anything but cheap. 这家旅馆根本不便宜。 ◎Junk foods are anything but nutritious, so students should avoid them. 垃圾食品根本没有营养，因此学生要避免吃垃圾食品。 【习题】 ①You don’t care about ___________yourself and your precious face.   你什么都不关心, 除了你自己和你那张娇贵的脸。 ②I have __________praise for the police.   我对警方唯有称赞。 RSentences 1. There were hundreds of guests, all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes.   数以百计的客人都穿着正式的、颜色各异的服装。 【拓展】 本句是一个简单句。句中all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes为独立主格结构: 名词/代词+done。 独立主格结构由两部分组成, 前一部分是名词或者代词, 后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。 *Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down, tears in his eyes. 史蒂芬慢慢地走向公交车, 低着头, 眼里满含泪水。 *The work done, we went home. 工作完成后, 我们就回家了。 【习题】 ①He rushed into the room, ________________________.   他冲进房间, 满脸是汗。 ②A lot more people start travelling around the world, _____________________ ____________________________.   更多人开始环游世界, 他们的足迹几乎遍及世界的各个角落。 ③__________________, we started looking for jobs.   积蓄全部用完了, 我们开始找工作。 必修二U3【Extended Reading语法】 ●Extended Reading RWords 1. earn /ɜːn/ vt. &vi. 赚得; 获利; 赢得 【原句背诵】 If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim, she would need more money. But how could she earn some? 【变形】 earnings n. 收入, 所得; 工资, 报酬 earner​ n. 赚钱者；收入来源 earned​ adj.挣得的；应得的 unearned​adj.不劳而获的 【拓展】 earn sb. sth. 　　为某人赢得某事/物; 为某人带来某事/物 earn/make a living谋生；维持生活 earn one’s respect赢得某人的尊重 earn a reputation as/for…因……获得荣誉 【高考范例】 （2021新高考I卷）This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work. 这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，并尊重那些为你工作的人。 （2021浙江卷）The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. 对他叔叔的崇拜和尊敬激励了尼尔森以表演为职业。 【习题】 ①He ____________________________through his selfless work in the fight against COVID-19.   通过在抗击新冠肺炎中的无私工作, 他为自己赢得了巨大的荣誉。 ②The famous singer once _____________by singing in a nightclub.   这位著名的歌手曾在一家夜总会唱歌谋生。 【高考链接】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】Through continual dedication, she gradually perfected her swimming technique and eventually_____________(earn) a position on her university’s swimming team — the first student with special needs to achieve such an accomplishment. 【2025南雅高三下月考8】The film _____________ (break) box office records, earning an astonishing amount in its first week.It has also received high praise from critics and viewers, currently holding an 8.6/10 rating on major review platforms. 【4-2024一中高三上月考4】Since its release on July 8, the movie _____________(earn) a rating of 8.2 out of ten on Douban. 2. promote /prəˈməʊt/vt. 促进, 推动; 促销; 提升, 晋升 原文：Importance of promoting traditional Chinese festivals in modern society. 【变形】 promotion　 n. 提升, 促进; 升职 promoter​ n. 发起人；推动者；促销员 promotional​ adj.促销的；推广的 promotable​ adj.可提升的；值得推广的 【拓展】 promote sb. to. . . 　 将某人提升为…… promote peace 促进和平 get promoted 升职 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷II）Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. 猎人们每年捕获30多万条海狸鼠尾巴，所以穆顿现在的工作之一就是推销海狸鼠的皮毛。 （2019北京卷）All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 我们的项目旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。 【习题】 ①(2019·北京高考) All our projects aim ________________________of poor and remote communities.   我们所有的项目都致力于促进贫穷偏远社区的发展。 ②While waiting for the opportunity to ____________, Herry did his best to perform his duty.   当等升职的机会到来的时候, Herry尽他最大努力去做好他的本职工作。 ③This report is mainly about a guideline ________________of car-sharing.   这个报告主要是关于对推进共享汽车的指导。 【高考链接】 【0-2024长郡高三下模1】While giving full play to advantages of local folk resources and__________________(clarify)the current situation of the country’s folk customs, the pilot areas will enhance public awareness of protecting the copyright of folk cultures and promote copyright innovation,__________________(apply), management and services. 【2025明德高二下期中】The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient consensus ________________(promote) cooperation. 3.observe /əbˈzɜːv/ vt. 遵守; 注意到; 观察; 庆祝 原文：… but how many people today still observe this tradition? 但是今天有多少人还在遵循这一传统呢? (教材U36) 【变形】 observation n. 观察; 监视 observer n. 观察者；观测者；遵守者 【拓展】 observe sb. do sth. 　注意到某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 observe sb. /sth. done 注意到某人/某物被…… 【高考范例】 （2020·天津高考）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance. 在对人性观察多年之后, 我认为两种品质造成了成功人士和普通人之间的差别。 （2015重庆卷）He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. 他注意到，两千年后，荷马仍然受到人们的尊敬。 （2013江苏卷）Failure to observe all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund. 不遵守公园所有规则的人可能会被赶出公园而得不到退款。 【习题】 ①If I am a hired car driver, I will ____________________.  如果我是一名出租车司机，我将会认真遵守交通规则。 ②The accused man ___________________ the bank.  人们看见被控告者进入银行。 ③Use your _______________and your ability to obtain information to enhance your safety and chances of success. 运用你的观察力和你获取信息的能力，来使你更安全，并提高胜算。 【高考链接】 【2025附中高三下模1】I started ________________ (observe) people, including how they talked, their expressions, intonation, stress, vocabulary, and the way they used phrases in conversations. 【1-2024雅礼高三下月考7】China’s Qiantang River is famous for a unique natural phenomenon, a wavy pattern tide that________________ (observe) in 2021. 【2023湖南九校联盟1】In 2014, Australian astronomers observed the_____________(old) star ever known by human beings, a K-type red giant star named SMSS0313-6708, on_____________ lithium, carbon, magnesium and calcium were observed. 【2025明德高二下期中】The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two _____________(interact) of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. 4. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 尊敬, 尊重; 荣幸; 荣誉 vt. 尊重, 尊敬; 给予表扬; 信守 原文：The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan. 例如，端午节就是为了纪念屈原而庆祝的。(教材U36) 【变形】 honoured /honored adj. 受尊敬的, 感到荣幸的 honourable / honorable​adj. 可敬的；光荣的 honorary​ adj. 名誉的；荣誉的 honourability / honorability n.高尚；可敬 honouree / honoree​ n. 获奖者；受勋者 -ary /-ery a. ……的 (仅-ary) imaginary 想象的 (imagine 想象) honorary 荣誉的 (honor 荣誉，荣耀) elementary 基本的 (element 元素) temporary 短暂的 (tempor 时间) n. 人，物品，场所 secretary 秘书 (secret 秘密) missionary 传教士 (mission 传教) adversary 对手 (vers 转) rosery 玫瑰园 (rose 玫瑰) cemetery 坟墓 (cemet 睡觉，休息) -ery n. 场所，地点 → 参见-ary n. 行为，情况 bravery 勇敢 (brave 勇敢的) robbery 抢劫 (rob 抢) bribery 贿赂 (bribe 贿赂) 【拓展】 in honour of　　　　 为了纪念, 为了庆祝 in one’s honour 为了纪念某人 have the honour of doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is sb’s/an honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸/一件荣幸的事 be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 be honoured with . . . 被授予…… be honoured as . . . 被授予……的称号 【高考范例】 （2020新高考I卷）Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. 在这期间，她一直保持着良好的学业成绩，并以优异的成绩毕业。 （2012全国卷I）It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights. 这不仅是法律，也是我们达成的协议，我们相信彼此会遵守它：我们不闯红灯。 【习题】 ①The monument was erected _______________ the soldiers who died for the country.  为纪念为国牺牲的战士建立了此纪念碑。 ②I_________________with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.  今天我很荣幸能够在这个世界上最好的大学之一和你们一起参加毕业典礼。 ③Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and ___________________ a hero.  1915年，甘地回到了印度，他被誉为一个英雄。 【拓展】 “in+n. +of”短语荟萃 ①in favour of　　 支持, 赞同 ②in memory of 为了纪念 ③in view of 鉴于; 由于 ④in terms of 就……而言 ⑤in case of 以防; 万一 ⑥in need of 需要 ⑦in place of 代替; 取代 ⑧in search of 寻找, 寻求 【高考链接】 【2025一中高二上期中】not because it was necessarily true, but because I sensed it would win me more respect and honor_____________others. from 5. identity /aɪˈdentəti/ n. 身份；特征 原文：Finally, traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help shape our national identity. 最后，传统节日是民族自豪感的源泉，有助于塑造我们的民族身份。(教材U36) 【变形】 identification n. 辨认, 识别 identify v. 识别, 认出 identical​ adj.完全相同的，同一的 identifiable​ adj.可辨认的，可识别的 identifier​ n. 标识符；识别码 -ify[footnoteRef:2] [2: -ify有罕见变体，为-efy。如liquefy 液化 (liqu = liquid 液体)] v. 使动用法(多用于名词或者形容词之后) clarify 净化，澄清 (clar = clear 清楚的) simplify 简化 (simple 简单的) classify 分类 (class 类别) identify 识别，确认身份 (ident 相同) purify 净化 (pure 纯净的) satisfy 使满足，使满意 (satis 足够) 【拓展】 identity card　　　　身份证 a sense of identity 认同感 identify sb. /sth. as 确认, 认出, 鉴定 【习题】 ①Raising the minimum wage _______________ a key way to address the income gap.  提高最低工资被认为是解决收入差距的一个关键途径。 ②Each product has a number for easy _______________.  每件产品都有号码以便于识别。  ③Police refused to divulge ________________ the suspect.  警方拒绝透露嫌疑犯的身份。 【高考链接】 【2023长郡高三上月考（六）】Eager to show their personalities to the world, young people find national identity a good way to distinguish_____________(they) from others, and culture is the perfect medium_____________(explain) why young people are passionate about traditional culture. 【2025明德高二下期末】There are countries that make ____________(intervention) to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. 6. sort /sɔːt/ n.种类, 类别 vt.整理, 分类; 妥善处理 原文：Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city. 罗岩和他的妻子、儿子已经在这个大城市定居下来。(教材U39) 【拓展】 sort of 　　　有几分地; 稍稍 a sort of 一种, 某种 all sorts of 各种各样的 sort out 挑选出, 分类; 清理出 【高考范例】 (2021•新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 他告诉我, 这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激, 并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。 （2020浙江卷）Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. 在随后的8年时间里，科学家们要求同一组人每18个月回到实验室进行同样的测试。 （2014广西卷）Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. 虽然他们发现大多数文件上是外国地址，她的父母还是仔细地整理了这些文件。 【习题】 ①She suddenly seemed to have ______________confidence.   她似乎突然有了某种自信。 ②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology _____the popular ____two categories. 临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein把受欢迎度分成两类。 ③Besides, please _______your problems in life or study in advance.   此外, 请提前分清你在生活或学习中的问题。 7. select /sɪˈlekt/ vt. 选择, 挑选 adj.精选的；优等的；限制严格的 (教材原句) Luo Yan’s son, Bofeng, happily takes a bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. 罗岩的儿子博峰美滋滋地咬了一口爷爷给他挑好的鸡肉。 【变形】 selection n.选择, 挑选; 选集; 精选品 selector​ n.选择者；选择器 selected​ adj.被选中的；优选的 selective​ adj.有选择性的；挑剔的 selectively​ adv.有选择地 【拓展】 select. . . as/to be. . . 挑选……作为…… select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 select sth. for. . . 为……挑选某物 select from. . . 从……中挑选 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun it has. 成功的交换取决于衣服的选择，活动的组织，显然，还有很多有趣的地方。 （2019全国卷I）Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区). 适用人群：选定社区的15-18岁青年。 （2018全国卷II）Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. 学生应该和他们的父母/看护人一起阅读这份清单，并选择两项他们想做的活动。 【习题】 ①Shanghai __________first in four indexes: policy, governmental environment, working and living conditions.   上海在四个方面被选为第一: 政策、政府环境、工作和生活条件。 ②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)For this purpose, _____ripe bananas ___freezing as they are much sweeter. 由于这个目的, 挑选成熟的香蕉用来冷冻, 因为它们更甜一些。 【高考链接】 【2025麓山国际高三下月考8】By carefully __________(select) and integrating musical elements, they aim to create works that are both visually striking and aurally (听觉上地) engaging, offering viewers a truly multisensory experience. 【2023一中高三上月考3】At the end of the second day, we had 20 beautiful gift boxes, each displaying a mouth-watering __________(select) of cookies. 【2025雅礼高二上段考】When it comes to organizing the __________(select) objects for tablescapes, the easiest method is to think in terms of levels. 8. settle /ˈset(ə)l/ vi. & vt. 定居; 结束, 解决; 决定; 使处于舒适的位置 原文：Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city. 罗岩和他的妻子、儿子已经在这个大城市定居下来。(教材U39) 【变形】 settlement n. 解决; 定居 settler n. 移居者; 殖民者 settled​ adj.稳定的；已解决的；已定居的 unsettled​ adj.不稳定的；未解决的；心神不宁的 【拓展】 settle in/into　　　　习惯于; 适应 settle down (使)安定; 定居 settle down to do sth. 着手认真做某事 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. 除了我，家里的人都很快地在城里安顿下来。 （2021新高考Ｉ卷）Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 不幸的是，在随后的几十年里，探险家和殖民者就毁坏了这里大部分资源。 【习题】 ①It's time for me to ________________ this work.  时间不早了，我该开始这项工作了。 ②They want to ________________ the booming cities.  他们想在繁荣的城市中定居。 ③All hopes of _________________ had now vanished.  和平解决的全部希望现已化为泡影。 【高考链接】 【1-2024雅礼高三下月考7】She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity and has chosen to challenge herself, determined______________(exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. 【2025附中高二上期末】Andy promised that he wouldn't ruin anything. He wormed his way into the tent and ______________(settle) in the far corner. 【2025一中高二上期末】We still enjoyed a lot of the same things, but I was a bit ______________(settle)while she loved being associated with popular people and things. 9.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj.方便的, 省事的, 便利的, 实用的 原文：However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. 然而，高铁让他们回家更方便了。(教材U39) 【变形】 convenience n. 便利, 方便; 便利设施 inconvenience​ 不便，麻烦 inconvenient​ 不方便的 conveniently​ 方便地，便利地 inconveniently​ 不方便地 【拓展】 it is convenient for sth. 对某事来说方便 it is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事方便 for the convenience of 为了……的方便 at one’s convenience 在某人方便之时 【高考范例】 (2011天津卷)It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.在伦敦乘地铁旅行很方便。 (2019·江苏高考)To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.   为了享受数字支付的便利, 很多老年人开始使用智能手机。 【习题】 ①I can start to work whenever ___________________.  只要您方便，我随时都可以开始工作。 ②They may use a credit card __________________.  他们可以为了方便而使用信用卡。 【高考链接】 【2025明德高二下期末】While human trials have yet to begin, Dr. Traverso hopes the technology will soon help people with diabetes, a disease that requires the patients to get multiple injections daily. A more convenient ___________(deliver) system could make treatment easier and less stressful. 【2025附中高二上期末】You can use them as a ___________(convenience) translation device. With a Google speaker, say “Hey Google, interpret French”. 10. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt.代表; 为……代言; 体现 原文：From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness. 从窗户上的剪纸的简洁设计, 到门上的春联, 再到墙上的年画, 一切都代表着快乐、幸运和幸福。 【变形】 representation n. 代表; 表现; 陈述 representative n. 代表, 代理人 adj. 典型的; 有代表性的 representativeness​ n. 代表性 representable​ adj.能被代表的；能被描绘的 misrepresentative​ adj.歪曲的 misrepresent​ v.歪曲，误传 overrepresent​ v.使…比例过高 underrepresent​ v.使…比例不足 mis- 错的，坏的 misunderstand 误解 (understand 理解) misbehave 行为不端，举止不良 (behave 举止) misplace 弄丢，放错地方 (place 放置) mislead 误导 (lead 引导) mistake 错误 (take 做，拿) mistrust 不信任 (trust 信任) mishap 不幸，坏运气 (hap 运气) mischief 恶作剧，灾祸，坏事 (chief 头，首领) over- 过度，过分 overdose 药物过量 (dose 剂量) overreact 反应过度 (react 反应) overuse 过度使用 (use 使用) overweight 超重的 (weight 重量) 超过，超越，在……上方 overcome 克服，战胜 (come 来) overlook 俯瞰，忽视 (look 看) 【拓展】 represent sb. /sth. as. . . 把某人/某物描绘成…… misrepresent sth./sb. (as sth.)​ 歪曲某事/误传某人 (为…) 【高考范例】 （2020江苏卷）Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past: age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes. 有时候，放手是很难的。对许多英国人来说，这可以指制度和物体，这些东西代表他们国家历史悠久的城堡、富丽堂皇的住宅……以及红色电话亭。 （2019天津卷）Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period. 活动：对主题进行不超过10分钟的戏剧性陈述。如果使用特殊的服装，它们应该真正代表一个特定的时期。 【习题】 ①The association was formed to __________________ women artists.  成立这个协会是为了维护女性艺术家的利益。 ②I will represent _________________ to him .  我将向他说明他所冒的危险。 ③Confucius is ____________________symbol of Chinese culture.   孔子是中国文化中最具有代表性的标志。 【高考链接】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】This achievement represented not only _______________personal triumph for Karissa but also a memorable moment for her entire community. 【2025雅礼高三下模1】As Bao Li and Qing Bao entertain visitors_________ their funny actions, climbing trees and playing with toys, they represent more than just adorable animals. 【2-2024雅礼高三下月考8】The net felt like the visual ______________(represent) of a growing divide between us---I desiring a connection and my teenage daughter longing for independence. 【2025附中高二上期末】The team_____________(invite) to represent the United States as the “American Fire Team” at the International Fire Congress in London in 1893 for an audience with Queen Victoria. 【2023雅礼高二上期中】Many of them have been shot_____________ (represent) literally what his mind sees, offering sighted people a clear view into his world. 11. fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ n.机会, 运气; 巨款; 命运 原文：…, people are celebrating their good luck,… …人们在庆祝他们的好运….(教材P40) 【变形】 fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地, 幸亏 unfortunate​ 不幸的 unfortunately​ 不幸地 fortuitous​ 偶然的，巧合的（正式用语） fortuitously​ 偶然地 -ate v.[footnoteRef:3] [3: -ate是经典的动词后缀，很多-ate结尾的动词可以直接活用作形容词或名词。不需要变形] 做，造成 create 创造，创建 (cre/creat生长，产生) separate 分开，分离 (par 分开) celebrate 庆祝 (celebr 公开，隆重) decorate 装修 (décor 装饰品) graduate 毕业 (grad 步伐，级别) a. 有……性质的 处于……状态的 separate 分开的，单独的 fortunate 幸运的 (fortun 运气) moderate 适度的，温和的 (moder 适度) immediate 立刻的，直接的 (medi 中间)[footnoteRef:4] [4: im没有+medi中间+ate形容词：没有中间环节的，也就是立即的，立刻的] adequate 足够的，相当的 (equ 相等) n. 人，身份，职位 graduate 毕业生 delegate 代表 (leg 选择)[footnoteRef:5] [5: 与词根lec和lect同源，如select, elect等单词] candidate 候选人 (candid 白，公开) climate 气候 (clim 倾斜)[footnoteRef:6] [6: 气候与地球的倾斜角度有关。其中clim词根为clin的变体，如incline等单词] -eous/-ious /-ous a. 有……的 像……的 充满……的 dangerous 危险的 (danger 危险) courageous 勇敢的 (courage 勇气) courteous 有礼貌的 (court 礼貌) righteous 正直的，正义的 (right 正确的) curious 好奇的 (cur 关心) contagious 传染的 (con共同+tag接触) tedious 沉闷的，冗长的 (ted 厌倦) serious 严肃的，认真的 (ser 郑重，严肃) spacious 宽敞的 (space 空间) nervous 紧张的 (nerv 神经) mountainous 多山的 (mountain 山) poisonous 有毒的 (poison 毒) zealous 热心的 (zeal 热情) 【拓展】 make a fortune　　　 发财 try one’s fortune 碰运气 make one’s fortune 发财；发迹，在社会上获得地位 seek one’s fortune 寻找发迹的机会；寻出路 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 一位作家说，未来的天才来自那些“聪明、有创造力、毅力和简单的好运气，能够改变世界的人。” （2020全国卷II）Orange trees are more than decoration; they are symbol of good fortune and wealth. 桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；它们是运气和财富的象征。 【习题】 ①The young peasant went out west to _______________.  这个年轻的农民到西部去碰碰运气。 ②Today, our industry ________________ a wide variety of language options.  今天，我们的产业幸运地拥有许多语言方面的选择。 ③I was late, but _________________ the meeting hadn't started.  我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 12. pass down 使世代相传, 流传 原文：She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch, which had been passed down to him from his grandfather. 她终于找到了:一条简单而漂亮的表链，系在他的金表上，那是他祖父传给他的。 (教材U34) 【拓展】 pass away　　　　　 去世, 消失, 逝世 pass by 经过 pass on sth. to sb. 把……传递给某人 【习题】 ①The gold watch had been ___________to him from his parents.   这块金表是他的父母传给他的。 ②This picture has been ___________through the family.   这幅画是家里一代代传下来的。 ③A few minutes later, a policeman stopped me and asked if I had seen a man with a heavy bag _______.   几分钟后, 一名警察让我停下来, 并问我是否看到一个背着沉重袋子的男性路过。 ④I’m sorry to hear that your grandmother has ___________. 听说你奶奶去世了, 我很难过。  13. set off 使爆炸; 动身 原文：As midnight approaches, Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. The whole village is lit up with colorful fireworks. 【拓展】 set off for. . . =set out for. . . 　动身去某地 set about (doing). . . 开始; 着手(做)…… set aside 把……放在一边; 不理会; 留出 set out (to do. . . ) 开始; 着手(做……) set up 创造; 建立; 创办 set down 写下, 记下; 放下 【高考范例】 （2016全国卷I）Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. 她的草率行为让帕克斯锒铛入狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利公共汽车抵制运动。 （2012上海卷）White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. 2004年6月19日，怀特从伦敦特拉法加广场出发，299天后返回。 【习题】 ①We will ______at the school gate at two o’clock this Saturday afternoon.   我们将在这个周六的下午2点从校门口出发。 ②Last but not least, make sure you ________enough time for your study.   最后但同样重要的是, 确保你留出足够的学习时间。 ③(2019·北京高考)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who in May 2015 ______her business AilieCandy.   Alice Moore是一名青年创业者, 她在2015年5月创办了她的公司AilieCandy。 RSentences 1. Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars. 德拉把头发剪掉, 以二十美元的价格卖了。  【拓展】 本句中“had her hair cut off”为have + 宾语 +宾补结构，hair在句中作宾语，cut off 为宾补，头发被剪掉，hair和cut off 之间为被动关系，故用 have + 宾语 + done 结构。have + 宾语 + 宾补结构用法如下： ① have sb/ sth done 让某人或某事被做 （被动） We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。 ② have sb do sth 让某人做某事 （主动） I’ll have the gardener plant some trees. 我要让园丁种些树。 ③ have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 （主动） The teacher had the students reading all the morning. 老师让学生们一上午都在读书 ④ have sth to do 有某事要做 I have something important to do this morning. 今天上午我有一些重要的事要做。 【习题】 ①(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to _______________________.   我需要一个新护照, 因此我得去让人给我照相。 ②I __________________on the bus this morning.   今天早上我的钱包在公交车上被偷了。 ③He could not have her ______ away with telling people lies! 他可不能让她哄骗人们却不受惩罚! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修二 Unit 3 必修二U3【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v.装饰，装点；粉刷，装修；授予（某人）勋章 原文：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 婚礼在一间装饰华美的酒店包房内举行。(教材U30) 【变形】 decoration n. 装饰; 装饰物 decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 -ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决) n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸) 【拓展】 ★decorate. . . with. . . 　用……装饰…… be decorated with 装饰着…… 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷I）In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. 在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所有室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率提高了15%。 【习题】 ①Our classroom _________________flowers on New Year’s Day.   元旦那天我们教室里装点着鲜花。 ②(2018·天津高考) With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces _____________on a wedding cake.   有了3D打印机, 厨师就可以在婚庆蛋糕上印制复杂的巧克力雕像和漂亮的物品来装饰它。 ③Paper cutting is one of the most popular Chinese _________________.   剪纸是中国最受欢迎的装饰性民间艺术之一。 【答案】 was decorated with ② for decoration ③decorative folk arts 【高考链接】 【1-2024一中高三下适应演练2】As the room flooded with light, Sally’s eyes widened in surprise and disbelief. The classroom _________________(decorate) with balloons and streamers, a beautiful cake sat on the teacher’s desk, and in the corner, a pile of presents waited to be unwrapped. was decorated 【2023师附高二上大练习2】Wrapped simply in reeds and _________________(decorate) with hair and clay masks, Chile’s Chinchorro mummies are 2,000 years older than Egypt’s. decorated 2. tradition /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ n.传统，惯例；传统故事，传说，传统信仰； 原文：According to tradition, the bride was wearing an eye-catching red silk sari. 遵照传统，新娘身穿一袭分外夺目的红丝绸莎丽。(教材U30) 【变形】 traditional 　 adj. 传统的 traditionally　 adv. 传统地 【拓展】 ★by tradition　　　　　　　 　按照传统 in the tradition of 沿袭……的传统 ★It is a tradition to do sth. /that. . . 做某事是传统 【高考范例】 （2020新高考I卷））Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 无论它是什么，结果都是对纯粹的中亚传统的完美而生动的描述。 （2018天津卷）Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. 不幸的是，研究表明，传统的脑力风暴无法实现这一目标。 【习题】 ①___________, children play tricks on April 1st.   按照传统, 孩子们在4月1日捣乱。 ②In some countries, _____________for a bride to wear white.   在一些国家, 新娘穿白色的衣服是一种风俗。 ③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We will wander in ____________________and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.   我们将在传统的小城镇漫步, 最后参观上海的一座独特的博物馆。 【答案】① By tradition ②it is a tradition ③traditional small towns 【高考链接】 【2025附中高三下模1】When I first came to TRU, I met with national and international students, talked to them about our culture, like how our interactions happened, the way we communicated, and the _________________(tradition) we were keeping. traditions 【5-2024一中高三上月考5】We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in _________________(tradition)dishes from Mexico to Korea. Maybe we are masochistic after all. traditional 【2023高三下明德二模】China has a long history of farming and a tradition of intensive _________________(cultivate). cultivation 3. impression /ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n.印象，感想；影响，作用；印象画； 原文：I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me . 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解，但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。 (教材U30) 【变形】 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 【拓展】 ★leave/make a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 first impression 第一印象 ★impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下印象 impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记某物/事 ★be impressed by 被……所感动; 对……印象深刻 【高考范例】 （2021浙江卷）If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. 如果你觉得你的狗可以“辨别”你看起来是满意还是生气，那你可能发现了一些东西。 （2020江苏卷）Apr 1: Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry. 4月1日：中国海关开始对所有入境口岸的入境人员实行核酸检测。 （2012陕西卷）As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. 作为一名招聘经理，我的工作是挑选能给客户留下最好印象的人。 【习题】 ①The decoration of the room ________________________us.   这个房间的装饰给我们留下了深刻的印象。 ②I bet your visit will never fail to _______________the charm of Chinese traditional culture.   我打赌你的参观一定会让你对中国传统文化的魅力留下深刻印象。 ③Your art class is ______________because of your patience and active atmosphere.   由于你的耐心和活跃的气氛, 你的艺术课令人印象非常深刻。 【答案】① made a deep impression on ②impress you with ③very impressive 【高考链接】 【2025一中高三下模1】If you’ re watching TV or scrolling TikTok while someone is speaking, they’ll likely get the impression_____________you’ re not really paying attention — and you’ll miss key details. that 【2-2024雅礼高三上期中】Though Eddie was not impressed, my husband James proved_____ ______ we should always try again. that 【2023长郡高二上期末】Not so fast, though new research shows a good reason why you might want to keep the yolk （蛋黄）in if you want to get fit. Plus, forget the bad impression_____________ the cholesterol（胆固醇）in yolks has gotten in the past. that 4. entrance /ˈentrəns/ n.入口；进门；（演员的）登台；进入权，进入许可；卷入，参与；v.使入迷，使狂喜 原文：One was the bridegroom’s entrance on a beautiful white horse. 一个是新郎入场时竟骑着一匹俊美的白马。(教材U30) 【变形】 enter vi. 进入 【拓展】 ★the entrance to　　　　……的入口 gain entrance to 获得进入……的许可 make an entrance into 进入…… ★enter for 参加(竞赛, 活动等); 报名参加(比赛) 【高考范例】 （2021全国乙卷）Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. 罗马竞技场高157英尺，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。 （2020全国卷I）Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. 许多车站的停车场或站台入口处都设有轮椅通道。 【习题】 ①The __________the hall is beautifully decorated, which leaves a deep impression on me.   这个大厅的入口装饰得很漂亮, 给我留下了深刻的印象。 ②As a senior three student, I’m taking the College ________Examination in the near future. 作为一名高三学生, 不久我将参加高考。 ③If you want to ________it, you can contact the headmaster’s office by email or telephone.   如果你想报名参加, 你可以通过电子邮件或电话联系校长办公室。 【答案】 ①entrance to ②Entrance ③enter for 【高考链接】 【2025一中高二下月考3】Scientists propose long-term fixes, ranging from injecting seawater to elevate sinking landmass, to architectural adaptations like elevating__________(entrance) or relocating heritage sites. entrances 5.ordinary /ˈɔːd(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.普通的，平常的；平淡无奇的，平庸的；n.常见的人/事物 原文：The customs that followed were anything but ordinary. 接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。 (教材U30) 【变形】 ordinarily adv. 普通地, 一般地 【高考范例】 （2020浙江卷）Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound (化合物) in ordinary table salt. 岩盐是由氯化钠制成的，这是普通食盐中最常见的成分。 （2017北京卷）Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. 不幸的是，这个计划似乎不太可能奏效：我们还没有发明出一种能安全抵御普通人类的防火墙，更不用说超级智能机器了。 【易混辨析】common, usual, normal, ordinary, regular (1)common：共同的，普及的，普遍的。 例句：Don not tell me about that! It is common sense. 不要对我讲那个!那是常识。 (2)usual：通常的，往常的。 例句：I found her on the seashore, dreaming away as usual. 我在海滨找到了她，像往常一样她又在那儿发呆。 (3)normal：正常的，正规的，符合标准的。 例句：Her temperature soon returned to normal. 她的体温很快恢复正常。 (4)ordinary：普通的，一般的，指在一个群体中看不出区别的。 例句：These are just two ordinary houses. 这是两所普通的房子。 (5)regular：定期的，有规律的。 例句：He decided to call off his regular press conference. 他决定取消他的定期记者招待会。 【习题】 ①She ____________________in the morning.   她早上通常很忙。 ②Snowstorms are ________ during winter. 暴风雪在冬天里很常见。 ③She’s smiling her ____________smile.   她脸上挂着她一贯友好的微笑。 ④There is nothing to worry about. This is a _______________baby. 不用担心。 这是一个完全正常的孩子。  【答案】①is ordinarily very busy ②common ③usual friendly ④perfectly normal 【高考链接】 【1-2024一中高三上月考1】It was just a typical morning of ___________ ordinary workday. an 【2023雅礼高三上月考4】According to a University of Cambridge study, in ordinary life, many people experience some degree of discomfort when___________(face) with a math problem, ranging from mild tension to strong fear. faced 6.occasion /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n/ （某事发生的）时刻，时候；<正式>时机，适当的机会；特殊（或重大）场合，特殊（或重大）事件； 原文：No wonder people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 难怪里约人民要休一个礼拜的假来共襄盛举。(教材U31) 【变形】 occasional　 adj. 偶尔的, 临时的 occasionally　 adv. 偶尔, 有时候 【拓展】 on occasion(s)/sometimes/at times有时, 偶尔 on this/that occasion这/那次, 在这种/ 那种场合 on the occasion of　 在……之时 【高考范例】 （2020江苏卷）On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. 在另一种情况下，他们在开始散步前两小时吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。 （2017全国卷II）This great occasion (盛会) will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. 这次盛会是中国国家大剧院首次访问英国。 【习题】 ①(2019·浙江高考)“Only _________________would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands. ” Adeline says.   Adeline说: “只有在一些特殊场合他们才会把它取出来, 让我们用手拿着。” ②We will take advantage of this chance to put on performances ______________.   我们将利用这个机会在这个场合进行表演。 ③He spent five years in Paris, __________________to some other cities in Europe.   他在巴黎待了五年, 偶尔去欧洲的其他几个城市游览。 ④He visited his parents ___________, because he works away from his hometown. 他偶尔去看看他的父母因为他在远离家乡的地方工作。 【答案】①on special occasions ②on this occasion ③with occasional visits ④occasionally 【高考链接】 【2025一中高三下模1】Nodding now and again and offering an “mmhmm” or “I see” can help them know that you care. And the________________ (occasion) verbal acknowledgement that you’ re listening and comprehending can encourage the other person to keep talking. occasional 【4-2024附中高三上月考4】Though she still suffers occasional panic ____________(attack), Ducarroz now knows how to manage them. To help others with mental health conditions, Ducarroz has started an Instagram page called MindTricks. attacks 【1-2024南雅高二下月考1】Trying to find the perfect present is as difficult as trying to read someone's mind. Few people will actually tell you what they want for ____________special occasion, and most of the time your loved ones will insist that they don't need or want anything! a 【2025雅礼高二下月考1】On some________________ (occasion), the smell of autumn leaves might generate a fierce longing for your childhood home. occasions 7. anything but 原文：The customs that followed were anything but ordinary. 接下来的风俗也都不同寻常。 (教材U30) 【拓展】 nothing but　　 　 只有, 除了……以外什么也没有 all but 几乎, 差一点 everything but 除了……其余都…… ◎The hotel was anything but cheap. 这家旅馆根本不便宜。 ◎Junk foods are anything but nutritious, so students should avoid them. 垃圾食品根本没有营养，因此学生要避免吃垃圾食品。 【习题】 ①You don’t care about ___________yourself and your precious face.   你什么都不关心, 除了你自己和你那张娇贵的脸。 ②I have __________praise for the police.   我对警方唯有称赞。 【答案】 ①anything but ②nothing but RSentences 1. There were hundreds of guests, all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes.   数以百计的客人都穿着正式的、颜色各异的服装。 【拓展】 本句是一个简单句。句中all dressed up in formal, colourful clothes为独立主格结构: 名词/代词+done。 独立主格结构由两部分组成, 前一部分是名词或者代词, 后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。 *Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down, tears in his eyes. 史蒂芬慢慢地走向公交车, 低着头, 眼里满含泪水。 *The work done, we went home. 工作完成后, 我们就回家了。 【习题】 ①He rushed into the room, ________________________.   他冲进房间, 满脸是汗。 ②A lot more people start travelling around the world, _____________________ ____________________________.   更多人开始环游世界, 他们的足迹几乎遍及世界的各个角落。 ③__________________, we started looking for jobs.   积蓄全部用完了, 我们开始找工作。 【答案】①his face covered with sweat ②their footprints covering almost every corner of the world ③All our savings gone 必修二U3【Extended Reading语法】 ●Extended Reading RWords 1. earn /ɜːn/ vt. &vi. 赚得; 获利; 赢得 【原句背诵】 If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim, she would need more money. But how could she earn some? 【变形】 earnings n. 收入, 所得; 工资, 报酬 earner​ n. 赚钱者；收入来源 earned​ adj.挣得的；应得的 unearned​adj.不劳而获的 【拓展】 earn sb. sth. 　　为某人赢得某事/物; 为某人带来某事/物 earn/make a living谋生；维持生活 earn one’s respect赢得某人的尊重 earn a reputation as/for…因……获得荣誉 【高考范例】 （2021新高考I卷）This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work. 这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，并尊重那些为你工作的人。 （2021浙江卷）The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. 对他叔叔的崇拜和尊敬激励了尼尔森以表演为职业。 【习题】 ①He ____________________________through his selfless work in the fight against COVID-19.   通过在抗击新冠肺炎中的无私工作, 他为自己赢得了巨大的荣誉。 ②The famous singer once _____________by singing in a nightclub.   这位著名的歌手曾在一家夜总会唱歌谋生。 【答案】①earned himself a great reputation ②earned a living 【高考链接】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】Through continual dedication, she gradually perfected her swimming technique and eventually_____________(earn) a position on her university’s swimming team — the first student with special needs to achieve such an accomplishment. earned 【2025南雅高三下月考8】The film _____________ (break) box office records, earning an astonishing amount in its first week.It has also received high praise from critics and viewers, currently holding an 8.6/10 rating on major review platforms. has broken 【4-2024一中高三上月考4】Since its release on July 8, the movie _____________(earn) a rating of 8.2 out of ten on Douban. has earned 2. promote /prəˈməʊt/vt. 促进, 推动; 促销; 提升, 晋升 原文：Importance of promoting traditional Chinese festivals in modern society. 【变形】 promotion　 n. 提升, 促进; 升职 promoter​ n. 发起人；推动者；促销员 promotional​ adj.促销的；推广的 promotable​ adj.可提升的；值得推广的 【拓展】 promote sb. to. . . 　 将某人提升为…… promote peace 促进和平 get promoted 升职 【高考范例】 （2020全国卷II）Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. 猎人们每年捕获30多万条海狸鼠尾巴，所以穆顿现在的工作之一就是推销海狸鼠的皮毛。 （2019北京卷）All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 我们的项目旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。 【习题】 ①(2019·北京高考) All our projects aim ________________________of poor and remote communities.   我们所有的项目都致力于促进贫穷偏远社区的发展。 ②While waiting for the opportunity to ____________, Herry did his best to perform his duty.   当等升职的机会到来的时候, Herry尽他最大努力去做好他的本职工作。 ③This report is mainly about a guideline ________________of car-sharing.   这个报告主要是关于对推进共享汽车的指导。 【答案】①to promote the development ②get promoted ③for the promotion 【高考链接】 【0-2024长郡高三下模1】While giving full play to advantages of local folk resources and__________________(clarify)the current situation of the country’s folk customs, the pilot areas will enhance public awareness of protecting the copyright of folk cultures and promote copyright innovation,__________________(apply), management and services. clarifying application 【2025明德高二下期中】The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient consensus ________________(promote) cooperation. to promote 3.observe /əbˈzɜːv/ vt. 遵守; 注意到; 观察; 庆祝 原文：… but how many people today still observe this tradition? 但是今天有多少人还在遵循这一传统呢? (教材U36) 【变形】 observation n. 观察; 监视 observer n. 观察者；观测者；遵守者 【拓展】 observe sb. do sth. 　注意到某人做某事 observe sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事 observe sb. /sth. done 注意到某人/某物被…… 【高考范例】 （2020·天津高考）After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance. 在对人性观察多年之后, 我认为两种品质造成了成功人士和普通人之间的差别。 （2015重庆卷）He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. 他注意到，两千年后，荷马仍然受到人们的尊敬。 （2013江苏卷）Failure to observe all Park rules could result in being driven out of the Park without refund. 不遵守公园所有规则的人可能会被赶出公园而得不到退款。 【习题】 ①If I am a hired car driver, I will ____________________.  如果我是一名出租车司机，我将会认真遵守交通规则。 ②The accused man ___________________ the bank.  人们看见被控告者进入银行。 ③Use your _______________and your ability to obtain information to enhance your safety and chances of success. 运用你的观察力和你获取信息的能力，来使你更安全，并提高胜算。 【答案】1. observe traffic regulations 2. was observed to enter 3. power of observation 【高考链接】 【2025附中高三下模1】I started ________________ (observe) people, including how they talked, their expressions, intonation, stress, vocabulary, and the way they used phrases in conversations. to observe 【1-2024雅礼高三下月考7】China’s Qiantang River is famous for a unique natural phenomenon, a wavy pattern tide that________________ (observe) in 2021. was observed 【2023湖南九校联盟1】In 2014, Australian astronomers observed the_____________(old) star ever known by human beings, a K-type red giant star named SMSS0313-6708, on_____________ lithium, carbon, magnesium and calcium were observed. oldest which 【2025明德高二下期中】The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two _____________(interact) of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. interactions 4. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 尊敬, 尊重; 荣幸; 荣誉 vt. 尊重, 尊敬; 给予表扬; 信守 原文：The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan. 例如，端午节就是为了纪念屈原而庆祝的。(教材U36) 【变形】 honoured /honored adj. 受尊敬的, 感到荣幸的 honourable / honorable​adj. 可敬的；光荣的 honorary​ adj. 名誉的；荣誉的 honourability / honorability n.高尚；可敬 honouree / honoree​ n. 获奖者；受勋者 -ary /-ery a. ……的 (仅-ary) imaginary 想象的 (imagine 想象) honorary 荣誉的 (honor 荣誉，荣耀) elementary 基本的 (element 元素) temporary 短暂的 (tempor 时间) n. 人，物品，场所 secretary 秘书 (secret 秘密) missionary 传教士 (mission 传教) adversary 对手 (vers 转) rosery 玫瑰园 (rose 玫瑰) cemetery 坟墓 (cemet 睡觉，休息) -ery n. 场所，地点 → 参见-ary n. 行为，情况 bravery 勇敢 (brave 勇敢的) robbery 抢劫 (rob 抢) bribery 贿赂 (bribe 贿赂) 【拓展】 in honour of　　　　 为了纪念, 为了庆祝 in one’s honour 为了纪念某人 have the honour of doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is sb’s/an honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸/一件荣幸的事 be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 be honoured with . . . 被授予…… be honoured as . . . 被授予……的称号 【高考范例】 （2020新高考I卷）Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. 在这期间，她一直保持着良好的学业成绩，并以优异的成绩毕业。 （2012全国卷I）It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights. 这不仅是法律，也是我们达成的协议，我们相信彼此会遵守它：我们不闯红灯。 【习题】 ①The monument was erected _______________ the soldiers who died for the country.  为纪念为国牺牲的战士建立了此纪念碑。 ②I_________________with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.  今天我很荣幸能够在这个世界上最好的大学之一和你们一起参加毕业典礼。 ③Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and ___________________ a hero.  1915年，甘地回到了印度，他被誉为一个英雄。 【答案】 ①in honour of ②am honored to be here ③was honored as  【拓展】 “in+n. +of”短语荟萃 ①in favour of　　 支持, 赞同 ②in memory of 为了纪念 ③in view of 鉴于; 由于 ④in terms of 就……而言 ⑤in case of 以防; 万一 ⑥in need of 需要 ⑦in place of 代替; 取代 ⑧in search of 寻找, 寻求 【高考链接】 【2025一中高二上期中】not because it was necessarily true, but because I sensed it would win me more respect and honor_____________others. from 5. identity /aɪˈdentəti/ n. 身份；特征 原文：Finally, traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help shape our national identity. 最后，传统节日是民族自豪感的源泉，有助于塑造我们的民族身份。(教材U36) 【变形】 identification n. 辨认, 识别 identify v. 识别, 认出 identical​ adj.完全相同的，同一的 identifiable​ adj.可辨认的，可识别的 identifier​ n. 标识符；识别码 -ify[footnoteRef:2] [2: -ify有罕见变体，为-efy。如liquefy 液化 (liqu = liquid 液体)] v. 使动用法(多用于名词或者形容词之后) clarify 净化，澄清 (clar = clear 清楚的) simplify 简化 (simple 简单的) classify 分类 (class 类别) identify 识别，确认身份 (ident 相同) purify 净化 (pure 纯净的) satisfy 使满足，使满意 (satis 足够) 【拓展】 identity card　　　　身份证 a sense of identity 认同感 identify sb. /sth. as 确认, 认出, 鉴定 【习题】 ①Raising the minimum wage _______________ a key way to address the income gap.  提高最低工资被认为是解决收入差距的一个关键途径。 ②Each product has a number for easy _______________.  每件产品都有号码以便于识别。  ③Police refused to divulge ________________ the suspect.  警方拒绝透露嫌疑犯的身份。 【答案】①is identified as  ②identification  ③the identity of 【高考链接】 【2023长郡高三上月考（六）】Eager to show their personalities to the world, young people find national identity a good way to distinguish_____________(they) from others, and culture is the perfect medium_____________(explain) why young people are passionate about traditional culture. themselves to explain 【2025明德高二下期末】There are countries that make ____________(intervention) to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. interventions 6. sort /sɔːt/ n.种类, 类别 vt.整理, 分类; 妥善处理 原文：Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city. 罗岩和他的妻子、儿子已经在这个大城市定居下来。(教材U39) 【拓展】 sort of 　　　有几分地; 稍稍 a sort of 一种, 某种 all sorts of 各种各样的 sort out 挑选出, 分类; 清理出 【高考范例】 (2021•新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 他告诉我, 这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激, 并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。 （2020浙江卷）Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests. 在随后的8年时间里，科学家们要求同一组人每18个月回到实验室进行同样的测试。 （2014广西卷）Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. 虽然他们发现大多数文件上是外国地址，她的父母还是仔细地整理了这些文件。 【习题】 ①She suddenly seemed to have ______________confidence.   她似乎突然有了某种自信。 ②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology _____the popular ____two categories. 临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein把受欢迎度分成两类。 ③Besides, please _______your problems in life or study in advance.   此外, 请提前分清你在生活或学习中的问题。 【答案】①a certain sort of ②sorts into ③sort out 7. select /sɪˈlekt/ vt. 选择, 挑选 adj.精选的；优等的；限制严格的 (教材原句) Luo Yan’s son, Bofeng, happily takes a bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. 罗岩的儿子博峰美滋滋地咬了一口爷爷给他挑好的鸡肉。 【变形】 selection n.选择, 挑选; 选集; 精选品 selector​ n.选择者；选择器 selected​ adj.被选中的；优选的 selective​ adj.有选择性的；挑剔的 selectively​ adv.有选择地 【拓展】 select. . . as/to be. . . 挑选……作为…… select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事 select sth. for. . . 为……挑选某物 select from. . . 从……中挑选 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun it has. 成功的交换取决于衣服的选择，活动的组织，显然，还有很多有趣的地方。 （2019全国卷I）Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区). 适用人群：选定社区的15-18岁青年。 （2018全国卷II）Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. 学生应该和他们的父母/看护人一起阅读这份清单，并选择两项他们想做的活动。 【习题】 ①Shanghai __________first in four indexes: policy, governmental environment, working and living conditions.   上海在四个方面被选为第一: 政策、政府环境、工作和生活条件。 ②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)For this purpose, _____ripe bananas ___freezing as they are much sweeter. 由于这个目的, 挑选成熟的香蕉用来冷冻, 因为它们更甜一些。 【答案】①was selected as ②select for 【高考链接】 【2025麓山国际高三下月考8】By carefully __________(select) and integrating musical elements, they aim to create works that are both visually striking and aurally (听觉上地) engaging, offering viewers a truly multisensory experience. selecting 【2023一中高三上月考3】At the end of the second day, we had 20 beautiful gift boxes, each displaying a mouth-watering __________(select) of cookies. selection 【2025雅礼高二上段考】When it comes to organizing the __________(select) objects for tablescapes, the easiest method is to think in terms of levels. selected 8. settle /ˈset(ə)l/ vi. & vt. 定居; 结束, 解决; 决定; 使处于舒适的位置 原文：Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city. 罗岩和他的妻子、儿子已经在这个大城市定居下来。(教材U39) 【变形】 settlement n. 解决; 定居 settler n. 移居者; 殖民者 settled​ adj.稳定的；已解决的；已定居的 unsettled​ adj.不稳定的；未解决的；心神不宁的 【拓展】 settle in/into　　　　习惯于; 适应 settle down (使)安定; 定居 settle down to do sth. 着手认真做某事 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. 除了我，家里的人都很快地在城里安顿下来。 （2021新高考Ｉ卷）Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 不幸的是，在随后的几十年里，探险家和殖民者就毁坏了这里大部分资源。 【习题】 ①It's time for me to ________________ this work.  时间不早了，我该开始这项工作了。 ②They want to ________________ the booming cities.  他们想在繁荣的城市中定居。 ③All hopes of _________________ had now vanished.  和平解决的全部希望现已化为泡影。 【答案】①settle down to ②settle in ③a peaceful settlement 【高考链接】 【1-2024雅礼高三下月考7】She is unwilling to settle for mediocrity and has chosen to challenge herself, determined______________(exchange) sweat and effort for her glamorous transformation today. to exchange 【2025附中高二上期末】Andy promised that he wouldn't ruin anything. He wormed his way into the tent and ______________(settle) in the far corner. settled 【2025一中高二上期末】We still enjoyed a lot of the same things, but I was a bit ______________(settle)while she loved being associated with popular people and things. more settled 9.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj.方便的, 省事的, 便利的, 实用的 原文：However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. 然而，高铁让他们回家更方便了。(教材U39) 【变形】 convenience n. 便利, 方便; 便利设施 inconvenience​ 不便，麻烦 inconvenient​ 不方便的 conveniently​ 方便地，便利地 inconveniently​ 不方便地 【拓展】 it is convenient for sth. 对某事来说方便 it is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事方便 for the convenience of 为了……的方便 at one’s convenience 在某人方便之时 【高考范例】 (2011天津卷)It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.在伦敦乘地铁旅行很方便。 (2019·江苏高考)To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.   为了享受数字支付的便利, 很多老年人开始使用智能手机。 【习题】 ①I can start to work whenever ___________________.  只要您方便，我随时都可以开始工作。 ②They may use a credit card __________________.  他们可以为了方便而使用信用卡。 【答案】①it is convenient for you ②for convenience 【高考链接】 【2025明德高二下期末】While human trials have yet to begin, Dr. Traverso hopes the technology will soon help people with diabetes, a disease that requires the patients to get multiple injections daily. A more convenient ___________(deliver) system could make treatment easier and less stressful. delivery 【2025附中高二上期末】You can use them as a ___________(convenience) translation device. With a Google speaker, say “Hey Google, interpret French”. convenient 10. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt.代表; 为……代言; 体现 原文：From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness. 从窗户上的剪纸的简洁设计, 到门上的春联, 再到墙上的年画, 一切都代表着快乐、幸运和幸福。 【变形】 representation n. 代表; 表现; 陈述 representative n. 代表, 代理人 adj. 典型的; 有代表性的 representativeness​ n. 代表性 representable​ adj.能被代表的；能被描绘的 misrepresentative​ adj.歪曲的 misrepresent​ v.歪曲，误传 overrepresent​ v.使…比例过高 underrepresent​ v.使…比例不足 mis- 错的，坏的 misunderstand 误解 (understand 理解) misbehave 行为不端，举止不良 (behave 举止) misplace 弄丢，放错地方 (place 放置) mislead 误导 (lead 引导) mistake 错误 (take 做，拿) mistrust 不信任 (trust 信任) mishap 不幸，坏运气 (hap 运气) mischief 恶作剧，灾祸，坏事 (chief 头，首领) over- 过度，过分 overdose 药物过量 (dose 剂量) overreact 反应过度 (react 反应) overuse 过度使用 (use 使用) overweight 超重的 (weight 重量) 超过，超越，在……上方 overcome 克服，战胜 (come 来) overlook 俯瞰，忽视 (look 看) 【拓展】 represent sb. /sth. as. . . 把某人/某物描绘成…… misrepresent sth./sb. (as sth.)​ 歪曲某事/误传某人 (为…) 【高考范例】 （2020江苏卷）Sometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past: age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes. 有时候，放手是很难的。对许多英国人来说，这可以指制度和物体，这些东西代表他们国家历史悠久的城堡、富丽堂皇的住宅……以及红色电话亭。 （2019天津卷）Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used, they should truly represent a given period. 活动：对主题进行不超过10分钟的戏剧性陈述。如果使用特殊的服装，它们应该真正代表一个特定的时期。 【习题】 ①The association was formed to __________________ women artists.  成立这个协会是为了维护女性艺术家的利益。 ②I will represent _________________ to him .  我将向他说明他所冒的危险。 ③Confucius is ____________________symbol of Chinese culture.   孔子是中国文化中最具有代表性的标志。 【答案】①represent the interests of ②the risks he is running  ③the most representative 【高考链接】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】This achievement represented not only _______________personal triumph for Karissa but also a memorable moment for her entire community. a 【2025雅礼高三下模1】As Bao Li and Qing Bao entertain visitors_________ their funny actions, climbing trees and playing with toys, they represent more than just adorable animals. with 【2-2024雅礼高三下月考8】The net felt like the visual ______________(represent) of a growing divide between us---I desiring a connection and my teenage daughter longing for independence. representation 【2025附中高二上期末】The team_____________(invite) to represent the United States as the “American Fire Team” at the International Fire Congress in London in 1893 for an audience with Queen Victoria. was invited 【2023雅礼高二上期中】Many of them have been shot_____________ (represent) literally what his mind sees, offering sighted people a clear view into his world. to represent 11. fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ n.机会, 运气; 巨款; 命运 原文：…, people are celebrating their good luck,… …人们在庆祝他们的好运….(教材P40) 【变形】 fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地, 幸亏 unfortunate​ 不幸的 unfortunately​ 不幸地 fortuitous​ 偶然的，巧合的（正式用语） fortuitously​ 偶然地 -ate v.[footnoteRef:3] [3: -ate是经典的动词后缀，很多-ate结尾的动词可以直接活用作形容词或名词。不需要变形] 做，造成 create 创造，创建 (cre/creat生长，产生) separate 分开，分离 (par 分开) celebrate 庆祝 (celebr 公开，隆重) decorate 装修 (décor 装饰品) graduate 毕业 (grad 步伐，级别) a. 有……性质的 处于……状态的 separate 分开的，单独的 fortunate 幸运的 (fortun 运气) moderate 适度的，温和的 (moder 适度) immediate 立刻的，直接的 (medi 中间)[footnoteRef:4] [4: im没有+medi中间+ate形容词：没有中间环节的，也就是立即的，立刻的] adequate 足够的，相当的 (equ 相等) n. 人，身份，职位 graduate 毕业生 delegate 代表 (leg 选择)[footnoteRef:5] [5: 与词根lec和lect同源，如select, elect等单词] candidate 候选人 (candid 白，公开) climate 气候 (clim 倾斜)[footnoteRef:6] [6: 气候与地球的倾斜角度有关。其中clim词根为clin的变体，如incline等单词] -eous/-ious /-ous a. 有……的 像……的 充满……的 dangerous 危险的 (danger 危险) courageous 勇敢的 (courage 勇气) courteous 有礼貌的 (court 礼貌) righteous 正直的，正义的 (right 正确的) curious 好奇的 (cur 关心) contagious 传染的 (con共同+tag接触) tedious 沉闷的，冗长的 (ted 厌倦) serious 严肃的，认真的 (ser 郑重，严肃) spacious 宽敞的 (space 空间) nervous 紧张的 (nerv 神经) mountainous 多山的 (mountain 山) poisonous 有毒的 (poison 毒) zealous 热心的 (zeal 热情) 【拓展】 make a fortune　　　 发财 try one’s fortune 碰运气 make one’s fortune 发财；发迹，在社会上获得地位 seek one’s fortune 寻找发迹的机会；寻出路 【高考范例】 （2021全国甲卷）As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 一位作家说，未来的天才来自那些“聪明、有创造力、毅力和简单的好运气，能够改变世界的人。” （2020全国卷II）Orange trees are more than decoration; they are symbol of good fortune and wealth. 桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；它们是运气和财富的象征。 【习题】 ①The young peasant went out west to _______________.  这个年轻的农民到西部去碰碰运气。 ②Today, our industry ________________ a wide variety of language options.  今天，我们的产业幸运地拥有许多语言方面的选择。 ③I was late, but _________________ the meeting hadn't started.  我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 【答案】①try his fortune ②is fortunate to have ③ fortunately 12. pass down 使世代相传, 流传 原文：She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch, which had been passed down to him from his grandfather. 她终于找到了:一条简单而漂亮的表链，系在他的金表上，那是他祖父传给他的。 (教材U34) 【拓展】 pass away　　　　　 去世, 消失, 逝世 pass by 经过 pass on sth. to sb. 把……传递给某人 【习题】 ①The gold watch had been ___________to him from his parents.   这块金表是他的父母传给他的。 ②This picture has been ___________through the family.   这幅画是家里一代代传下来的。 ③A few minutes later, a policeman stopped me and asked if I had seen a man with a heavy bag _______.   几分钟后, 一名警察让我停下来, 并问我是否看到一个背着沉重袋子的男性路过。 ④I’m sorry to hear that your grandmother has ___________. 听说你奶奶去世了, 我很难过。  【答案】①passed down ②passed down ③pass by ④passed away 13. set off 使爆炸; 动身 原文：As midnight approaches, Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. The whole village is lit up with colorful fireworks. 【拓展】 set off for. . . =set out for. . . 　动身去某地 set about (doing). . . 开始; 着手(做)…… set aside 把……放在一边; 不理会; 留出 set out (to do. . . ) 开始; 着手(做……) set up 创造; 建立; 创办 set down 写下, 记下; 放下 【高考范例】 （2016全国卷I）Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. 她的草率行为让帕克斯锒铛入狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利公共汽车抵制运动。 （2012上海卷）White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. 2004年6月19日，怀特从伦敦特拉法加广场出发，299天后返回。 【习题】 ①We will ______at the school gate at two o’clock this Saturday afternoon.   我们将在这个周六的下午2点从校门口出发。 ②Last but not least, make sure you ________enough time for your study.   最后但同样重要的是, 确保你留出足够的学习时间。 ③(2019·北京高考)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who in May 2015 ______her business AilieCandy.   Alice Moore是一名青年创业者, 她在2015年5月创办了她的公司AilieCandy。 【答案】①set off ②set aside ③ set up RSentences 1. Della had her hair cut off and sold it for twenty dollars. 德拉把头发剪掉, 以二十美元的价格卖了。  【拓展】 本句中“had her hair cut off”为have + 宾语 +宾补结构，hair在句中作宾语，cut off 为宾补，头发被剪掉，hair和cut off 之间为被动关系，故用 have + 宾语 + done 结构。have + 宾语 + 宾补结构用法如下： ① have sb/ sth done 让某人或某事被做 （被动） We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。 ② have sb do sth 让某人做某事 （主动） I’ll have the gardener plant some trees. 我要让园丁种些树。 ③ have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 （主动） The teacher had the students reading all the morning. 老师让学生们一上午都在读书 ④ have sth to do 有某事要做 I have something important to do this morning. 今天上午我有一些重要的事要做。 【习题】 ①(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to _______________________.   我需要一个新护照, 因此我得去让人给我照相。 ②I __________________on the bus this morning.   今天早上我的钱包在公交车上被偷了。 ③He could not have her ______ away with telling people lies! 他可不能让她哄骗人们却不受惩罚! 【答案】①have my photograph taken ②had my wallet stolen③getting 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $