专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，辽宁专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为初中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选辽宁多地期末真题，涵盖中华文化（秦腔、草编）、身心健康（急救、减压）、动物保护（熊猫、大象）、科技（北斗、太空实验）等真实情境，梯度分明，适配期末复习。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|88题|细节理解（如急救步骤）、推理判断（如秦腔演员90年代状况）、词义猜测（如“attract”）、主旨大意（如文章标题）|情境真实（太空斑马鱼实验、学生发明引体向上监测器）；文化渗透（非遗传承、多民族文化）；梯度设计（基础必练到进阶提升，如从简单事实到结构分析）|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题01 人与国家——中华文化 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺新抚区·期末) Qinqiang Opera, which was from old pop Chinese songs and dances in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, is one of China’s oldest operas. It started during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC), when farmers and soldiers used it for fun and comfort. The opera shows the daily lives, hard work, and feelings of ancient Chinese people. Its songs and dances also teach about Chinese language, culture and history. However, in the 1990s, pop and Western music became very popular, and fewer people cared about Qinqiang Opera. Young people especially liked the new music more. Many actors had to leave during this time. Some opera groups closed, and people nearly forgot the old performance skills. To make money, artists did other jobs like selling clothes, starting small businesses or acting in movies. But a few never gave up-they kept practicing. In 2006, things changed when the government named Qinqiang Opera “an important cultural treasure”. This helped people focus on it again. Schools started teaching about it, and theaters mixed traditional opera with modern styles to attract young people. Ten years ago, most audiences (观众) were old, but now many young people watch and love Qinqiang Opera. More young actors are joining too, and schools train them to keep the art alive (有活力). The return of Qinqiang Opera not only brings young people back to Chinese culture, but also shows old arts can stay meaningful even in today’s fast-changing world. 1．When did Qinqiang Opera start? A．In the 1990s. B．In the Qin Dynasty. C．After 2006. D．About ten years ago. 2．What can we infer (推断) about Qinqiang Opera actors in the 1990s? A．The government stopped them. B．They wanted to sing pop songs. C．They thought the opera was too old. D．They made less money than before. 3．Which word can take the place of “attract” in Paragraph 3? A．Interest. B．Check. C．Hurt. D．Decide. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Qinqiang Opera and Modern Music. B．Why Opera Groups Closed in the 1990s. C．The History and Return of Qinqiang Opera. D．The Importance of Chinese Culture Today. Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁阜新太平区·期末) Many people think wheat straw (麦秸) is the waste on the farm. However, Wu Cui, a straw plaiting (草编) artist from Helan County, Ningxia, can turn straw into eye-catching artworks. Wu, 29, is the sixth-generation inheritor (第六代继承人) of straw plaiting. Learning from her uncle, Wu made things with straw when she was a child. She made the straw-plaiting her job after she finished college three years ago. Before plaiting straw, Wu usually spends a long time finding the right straw. Then she ties them up and dries them. Also, Wu needs to put the straw in warm water so that the straw won’t break easily. “In the past, we could see straw products everywhere in the countryside, such as straw hats and straw shoes. But the world has changed. There are so many things for people to choose from. So we need to find other ways to share the art with people,” Wu says. When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig (挖掘) deeper into the traditional culture and make more creative works. 5．Wu started to make a living on straw plaiting when she was ________. A．19 B．23 C．26 D．29 6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．When Wu learned straw plaiting. B．How Wu does straw plaiting. C．Why Wu loves straw plaiting. D．Where Wu learned to plait straw. 7．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A．People don’t use straw products very often now. B．Straw plaiting artists find it difficult to find straw. C．People in the countryside become richer than before. D．Many people think straw plaiting is meaningless now. 8．From the text, we can learn that ________. A．Wu learned to do straw plaiting from her father B．five people in Wu’s family can do straw plaiting C．it doesn’t take Wu much time to do straw plaiting D．Wu hopes to make more creative works in the future Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳铁西区·期末) More and more foreign influencers (名人) are coming to China. They make videos here and share them online. People from other countries are amazed by how fast China is growing. Many of them change their ideas about China. This didn’t just happen by accident. China has been working hard for a long time to get ready for this. Chinese people are always inclusive. There are 56 ethnic groups (民族) in China. Each group has its own way of life, and together they make China’s culture rich and colorful. For example, the Tibetan people have their own language. They also have beautiful palaces and temples that show their beliefs. The Zhuang people also have their own language. They like to sing folk songs to build friendship. They even have a special festival called the Third Song Festival. On that day, people get together to play games like throwing embroidered balls (绣球) and touching colored eggs. China has a long history, but it’s also very modern. The high-speed trains in China are not only fast but also take you to many places, both inside China and to some other countries. They help China’s trade and technology grow faster. And life in China is super convenient. You can pay for things with your phone, so you don’t need to carry a lot of cash. Even when you’re taking the subway, you can use your phone because there’s a network everywhere. China is a country where old traditions meet new technology. Come and see it for yourself! 9．Why are people from other countries “amazed”? A．Because China has the most influencers. B．Because China’s development speed is surprising. C．Because Chinese food becomes popular worldwide. D．Because China invites many foreigners to make videos. 10．What does “inclusive” mean in the second paragraph? A．powerful B．lively C．helpful D．welcoming 11．What can we learn from the text? A．The Zhuang people sing songs to make friends. B．We can take high-speed trains to any other countries. C．You can only get online while taking the subway in China. D．Foreigners like to visit China because of the new technology. 12．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this text? A．To describe how strong China is now. B．To invite influencers to come to China. C．To help people know more about China. D．To tell readers ethnic groups in China. 主题02 人与自我——身心健康 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁盘锦双台子区·期末) How to give first aid What should you do if you see someone get hurt? If you want to help: Think about the situation to see if it is safe for you to help. Call an ambulance (救护车) right away if necessary. • 911 in America • 000 in Australia • 999 in the UK • 103 in Russia • 120 in China How you can help: Stop bleeding: Use a clean cloth or even your shirt to press on the cut. Keep pressing until you can get to a doctor. Treat burns: For small burns, run cool water over them for 10—15 minutes.Do not use ice, as it can make the burn worse. Treat choking (窒息): For people over the age of 1, stand behind them and give them quick pushes with your fist (拳头) above their belly button (肚脐). This is called the Heimlich maneuver (海姆立克急救法). Do CPR (心肺复苏术): If someone isn’t breathing and their heart isn’t beating, you might need to do CPR. Place the person on their back on the ground and push hard and fast in the middle of their chest (胸腔). 13．What number should you call if someone is badly hurt in Beijing? A．911. B．999. C．120. D．103. 14．How can you stop bleeding? A．By pressing a clean cloth on the cut. B．By putting ice on the cut. C．By using the Heimlich maneuver. D．By pushing on the chest many times. 15．You might need to do CPR when a person ________. A．is bleeding B．has a small burn C．is choking D．isn’t breathing and his heart isn’t beating 16．Where might you find the text? A．In a storybook. B．In a book about health. C．In a history book. D．In a sports magazine. Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁丹东东港·期末) We often have a lot of stress in our lives. Sometimes it’s useful. As the saying goes, “No pressure, no power.” For example, it can help us get good grades on tests. But if we are always under pressure, it may be bad for our health. So, how should we deal with it? Talk to others. When we are stressed out, we should go to our family or friends for good communication. This can make the stress become less and help us find ways to relax. As a result, we will feel better. Do something relaxing. Find a quiet place and don’t think about anything. Read our favorite books, listen to our favorite music or sing our favorite songs. Of course, we can also go to the cinema to enjoy a wonderful movie. If someone likes staying inside, it will be a good idea to do some housework. Do sports. Go outdoors to breathe the fresh air and do proper sports such as walking, swimming, and mountain climbing. Sports are of great help to us. When we are stressed out, doing sports can make muscles (肌肉) move a lot and return to normal. I have a friend. She had a lot of pressure every day. A doctor told her to jump rope when she was under a lot of pressure. She followed the doctor’s advice. When she felt worried, she started to jump rope and kept practicing. A few months later, she felt much better. Now she is completely different from the past. 17．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 1? A．A lot of stress. B．One old saying. C．An important test. D．Our bad health. 18．How many kinds of ways to deal with stress can we find in the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 19．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 20．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share ways of keeping healthy. B．To tell a personal story about stress. C．To give advice on dealing with stress. D．To encourage us to help stressed people. Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳和平区·期末) First aid (急救) is the kind of medical care given to a victim (伤者) of an accident or sudden sickness before trained medical help can arrive. Knowing how to treat someone in an emergency can mean the difference between life and death. General Treatment to Burns⚫Move the victim away from the heat source (热源). ⚫Check the breathing as well as the size and depth of burns. ⚫Wash the burnt skin (皮肤) with cool water to reduce pain. ⚫Cover the wound with dry clean cloth. Heatstroke (中暑)⚫stop risky activities in hot weather. ⚫wear light loose-fitting (宽松的) clothes. ⚫rest in a cool place as often as possible. ⚫drink water and juice. ⚫avoid drinks such as milk and tea. First Aid Training                                    Our First Aid Training School offers the courses. For more information, you can call Mr. Zhang at 2648 3738. 21．If Mary is burnt, we should let her ______. A．wear light clothes B．drink water and juice C．dry the burnt skin D．wash burns with water 22．Which of the following most probably needs first aid help? A．Bob loses his false teeth. B．Amy feels ill in the hot sun. C．Ann cooks in the kitchen. D．Mike takes first aid courses. 23．We can get more information on the ______. A．phone B．radio C．television D．computer 24．Where can we probably read the text above? A．On a traffic sign. B．On a story website. C．In a school poster. D．In a nature magazine. 主题03 人与自然——动物朋友 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺顺城区·期末) Do you love animals? Do you know the number of the endangered animals is a growing worry for the world? One such animal that is in danger is pandas. This black and white animal is the favorite of many people all over the world. However, there are fewer than 2, 000 in the wild now. The reason for the number of pandas getting smaller is the losing of their natural homes. People cut down trees to build tall buildings. This has made more and more pandas lose their homes, some people hunt them for their body parts. To protect pandas, it is important to do something for them quickly. Governments and protection groups must work together to protect the few homes of pandas. Governments should also make stricter rules to stop hunting. As for us, we can also do something to help protect pandas. For example, we can help protect pandas by joining groups to keep them safe. All in all, pandas are in danger now, so we should try our best to keep this kind of beautiful animal thriving in the wild. I hope that we can see more and more pandas in the future. 25．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Some living habits of pandas. B．Some dangerous situations of pandas. C．Reasons for the losing of panda population. D．The meaning of protecting pandas. 26．According to the passage, what are the ways to protect pandas? ①protecting their living places                    ②making stricter rules ③joining animal protection groups                ④saving hurt animals A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 27．What does the underlined word “thriving” in the last paragraph mean? A．Appearing. B．Growing. C．Sleeping. D．Climbing. 28．Which of the following can show the structure of the passage? （①=Paragraph 1        ②=Paragraph 2，…） A． B． C． D． Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺望花区·期末) Elephants are one of the most popular animals to see at zoos. However, in Thailand, elephants are more than just popular. They are loved by the Thai people. In fact, the elephant was on the old Thai flag. They are also found in art all over Thailand. In the past, Thai elephants were used to do many things. Elephants are very strong animals. They can carry people as well as objects (物品). In fact, elephants can lift objects up to 700 kilograms. They can carry heavy objects for long distances, too. A healthy elephant could work for 25 to 40 years. Elephants are also smart animals. They can learn to draw, do math, and perform shows for people. One Thai king even had 20,000 elephants trained for fighting in the late 1600s. Sadly, the number of elephants in Thailand has fallen far below what it once was. In the past, there were over 100,000 elephants in Thailand. Now, there are only about 2,700. Luckily, things are different now. Many people in Thailand want to protect the elephants. Most elephants do not work or perform shows anymore. Instead, people prefer to see the elephants in their natural homes. They can wash the elephants in rivers. They can also feed them and walk with them. Because of this, the elephants can live close to their normal lives. This means that they can live longer and healthier lives. 29．People used elephants to do many things except for (除了) ________. A．Fighting. B．Carrying people. C．Telling the future. D．Carrying heavy objects. 30．What is the number of elephants in Thailand today? A．About 2,700. B．Around 1,600. C．Over 100,000. D．About 20,000. 31．What do people today enjoy doing? A．Riding on elephants in Thai cities. B．Watching elephants perform shows. C．Using elephants to carry heavy things. D．Seeing elephants in their natural home. 32．What is the text mainly about? A．How smart and friendly elephants are. B．How important elephants are in Thailand. C．How elephants are being protected in Thailand. D．How Thai elephants are different from other elephants. Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁鞍山·期末) In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand, there is an unusual group of musicians. They play many different kinds of music—from traditional Thai songs to music by Beethoven. Both children and adults love this group. What makes them so popular? Is it their music? Their looks? Yes, it’s both of these things, but it’s also something else: they’re elephants. These musical elephants are from the Thai Lampang. The TECC protects elephants. It teaches people to understand and care for these huge but gentle animals. And, like many zoos around the world, the TECC encourages elephants to paint. Richard Lair works with the TECC． He knew that elephants hear better than they see. So he had an idea: if elephants are smart and they have good hearing, maybe they can play music. To test his idea, Lair and a friend started the Thai Elephant Orchestra (管弦乐队). During a show, the elephants played different instruments, including the drums. They also used their voices and trunks to make sounds.    But can elephants really make music properly? Yes, says Lair. They’re very creative. Humans may encourage the animals to play instruments, but the elephants make their own songs; they don’t just copy other trainers or other people. There are now albums (专辑) of the group’s music, which make money for the TECC． And the music these artists create is pretty amazing. 33．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．Musicians. B．Children. C．Adults. D．Singers. 34．Why did Richard Lair start the Thai Elephant Orchestra? A．Because he wanted to make money. B．Because he knew elephants were good at painting. C．Because he thought elephants might be able to play music. D．Because he wanted to protect the animals. 35．What is the most important point about the elephants’ music? A．Their music helps raise money for TECC． B．They create new songs by themselves, not only copy others. C．Humans must encourage them to play. D．Their large size makes their music amazing. 36．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to train elephants to dance. B．The elephants that play music in Thailand. C．The popular music in northern Thailand. D．We should love and protect elephants. Passage 4 (24-25八下·辽宁大连高新园区·期末) Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record (纪录). They successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spacecraft on April 25. Since then, they have been living in a closed fish tank (缸) with some plants. The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days. In their special closed environment, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through a special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future studies in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply and easily. The scientists found that the zebrafish didn’t act the same way in space as on Earth. For example, they often swam on their backs. The low gravity (重力) in space is a big reason. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 37．What do we know about the space study? A．Scientists from different countries did it together. B．The zebrafish gave birth to four babies at last. C．It took place in a closed environment. D．It lasted for less than one month. 38．Which picture should be in the circle to show the ecosystem in the fish tank? A． B． C． D． 39．What was the result of the low gravity in space? A．Human bodies got stronger. B．Animals could easily find way. C．The zebrafish swim upside down. D．The zebrafish swam in the same direction. 40．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The plan for studying human genes. B．The findings of the space study. C．Further studies on zebrafish. D．The importance of the study. 主题04 人与社会——电影电视 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁大连瓦房店·期末) Mary is the hostess of her school radio station. She hosts New Movies once a week for ten minutes, and Travel Around the World for fifteen minutes each time, once a week too. But this time, she is talking to the world on web radio. Her district (地区) started web radio for kids this month. Every weekday, during lunchtime, students make a 30-minute Internet radio programme. The schools in the district take turns to host the programme. Mary says her job is very important. “In the past, only the students in my school could hear me, but with the web, students all over the world can hear my voice! I am sure that I can make friends with many people through my warm and easy talk,” she said. Besides Mary, other kids from her school do a lot of work, too. After they decide on a story, some kids begin to surf the Internet, while the others begin to think of the programme ideas or write the stories. The programme is made on a computer. Listeners can then hear it by visiting the website. The Education Bureau began to prepare for web radio last year. An official (官员) said, “We want to let the kids know how to make full use of the Internet instead of only playing web games.” 41．How long does this web radio programme last every week? A．Fifteen minutes. B．Twenty-five minutes. C．Half an hour. D．Two and a half hours. 42．How can listeners hear the web radio programme? A．By visiting the website. B．By going to school. C．By listening to the radio. D．By watching TV. 43．What does the underlined phrase “make full use of” mean in Chinese? A．完全掌握 B．充分利用 C．灵活使用 D．正确操作 44．What can we know from the passage? A．This web radio programme is mainly for the old men. B．This web radio programme wants children to play more web games. C．Kids all over the world take part in making the radio programme. D．Kids can learn lots of stories from the web radio. Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁大连中山区·期末) Do you ever wish for a better memory during the exam season? If Doraemon were your friend, he might give you his “Memory Bread”. Wait, don’t know who Doraemon is? Doraemon is a round, blue-and-white robotic cat from the 22nd century. He travels back in time to help Nobita (大雄), a kind but lazy boy. Nobita often has trouble with school and life. Doraemon uses tools from the future to solve the boy’s problems. The robotic cat, created by two Japanese artists, first appeared in a magazine in 1969. Since then, he has won the hearts of millions around the world through TV shows, movies and more. One big reason for his popularity is the 4D pocket on his belly. This magic pocket holds many amazing tools. The “Anywhere Door” is a pink door. Just think of a place, step through the door and there you are. The “Take-copter” is a tiny fan. You can fly as soon as you put it on your head. And if you press “Memory Bread” onto a page and eat it, you’ll be able to remember everything on that page. These fun inventions make Doraemon exciting to watch. But Doraemon is more than fun. It also teaches valuable lessons. In the “Memory Bread” episode (集), for example, Nobita eats too much bread and gets a stomachache. In the end, all the knowledge he ate ends up in the toilet. The message is clear: There’s no shortcut (捷径) to learning. So, kids, though it’s fun to dream of magic tools, you already have the power to learn and grow. Even without “Memory Bread”, you can still perform well on your own. 45．The writer mentions the “Memory Bread” at the beginning of the passage to ________. A．explain one of Doraemon’s most powerful tools B．show that Nobita is a lazy boy with poor study habits C．attract readers’ interest by connecting it with exams D．prove Doraemon’s inventions can be helpful in real life 46．How does the writer introduce Doraemon to readers? A．By telling them that two Japanese artists created Doraemon. B．By describing what Doraemon looks like and how he helps Nobita. C．By saying that Doraemon has won the hearts of millions around the world. D．By explaining how Doraemon uses future tools to solve Nobita’s problems. 47．The writer writes the last paragraph mainly to ________. A．encourage hard work and confidence in learning B．show that tools like “Memory Bread” could be harmful to users C．warn readers not to eat too much “Memory Bread” like Nobita did D．tell readers not to watch cartoons like Doraemon during the exam season 48．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Fun of Doraemon’s stories B．Power of learning by yourself C．Doraemon’s magic tools D．The lessons from Doraemon 进阶提升 主题01 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁阜新太平区·期末) Liu Cixin, the writer of the novel The Three-Body Problem, once said, “Lots of people love my book. In fact, many of my ideas came from Physics.” For many students, Physics is boring and difficult. They don’t like it. To help students learn Physics more easily, the book series (系列) That’s where Big Bang in Physics: 128 Sessions of Physics Courses was born. It includes seven books by Li Jianlong and mainly introduces Physics knowledge through comics and stories. Students usually begin to learn Physics in Grade 8. The contents (内容) of this book series are as difficult as those in the Physics textbook for the first term. But Li explains many key points through comic stories, making children understand them in easy ways. Li has worked hard to spread (传播) scientific knowledge through interesting comics. “I hope children can not only improve their knowledge, but also have fun by reading these books,” said Li. It’s crucial for young people to learn Physics. Physics makes our life better and easier. For example, with the help of Physics, people have made cars, ships and planes. What’s more, learning Physics helps kids understand many phenomena (现象) in daily life. Why does the rainbow (彩虹) come out after the rain? Why does thunder always come after lightning? You can get the answers after you learn Physics. “I’m preparing for a new series now. It is fit for eighth graders in the second term and covers more difficult Physics knowledge. I also plan to write comic books about Maths and Chemistry in the future,” Li added. 49．How does the writer start the text? A．By showing facts. B．By asking a question. C．By giving a picture. D．By using a famous writer’s words. 50．Which of the following can best describe the book series? A．Hard but exciting. B．Boring but helpful. C．Difficult and boring. D．Useful and interesting. 51．What does the underlined word “crucial” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Strange. B．Important. C．Terrible. D．Impossible. 52．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Li’s special writing skills. B．Li’s hope for young people. C．Li’s present and future plans. D．Li’s new ideas about teaching. Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期末) ①There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Some dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves (叶子). But they all find a way to rest. ②Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters (海獭) sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish (鹦嘴鱼) blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm (伤害) while they sleep. ③Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored (贮存) food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs (蛙) dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. ④High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects (昆虫) even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is ready for work. 53．What animals sleep with a bubble around them? A．Monkeys. B．Parrotfish. C．Sea otters. D．Desert frogs. 54．What do we know about chipmunks according to the passage? A．They rest with their eyes open. B．They never curled up in a ball. C．They wake up from time to time in winter. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 55．What is the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ③=Paragraph 3, ④=Paragraph 4) A． B． C． D． 56．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Where do animals live? B．What animals do? C．What do animals feed on? D．How do animals sleep? Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳皇姑区·期末) People always say the music from their younger years is the best compared to other times. This may be because of something that can be called the “memory bump” (记忆隆起). According to the BBC, the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are very strong. This time heavily shapes our interests, such as our favorite books, films, sports stars, and especially music. This is because there is a “safe” place in our brain to store the musical memories. The place is well protected against aging problems. As a result, the music we listen to during these years usually has a lasting influence. We usually remember the music in our early years more fondly (充满感情地) than music from other times in our lives. More importantly, “music is episodic (有许多片段的),” Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. “If you look at an artwork or something, you can look at it and leave. But music is over time.” Music from our younger years mixes happy and sad feelings when we listen to it. When the songs can be connected to your experience, memories of those experiences will come back as you listen to the songs again. Sometimes, with a change in experience, the sadness you felt before when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to something from a difficult time in your younger life can bring a feeling of relief now. 57．When are our memories very strong? A．From ages 5 to 10. B．From ages 10 to 30. C．When we are safe. D．When we are happy. 58．Why do we remember the music from our younger years? A．Because a more protected area in the brain stores it. B．Because we listen to it more often than other music. C．Because it is much easier to understand and remember. D．Because young people have better memories than the old. 59．What idea does Professor Robert Cutietta probably agree with about music? A．Music from our younger years is the best. B．Listening to music is like looking at an artwork. C．We can forget music from childhood very quickly. D．Listening to music can make us think of our old times. 60．What does the underlined word “relief” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Sadness. B．Pain. C．Relaxation. D．Interest. Passage 4 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳皇姑区·期末) Each year, thunderstorms (雷雨) produce millions of flashes of lightning. Here is what you need to know to stay safe. 61．What should you do immediately when you hear thunder? A．Call for help on a phone. B．Stand near a window. C．Run to the tallest object. D．Go inside a building or car. 62．Which of the following is safe to use during a thunderstorm? A．Mobile phones. B．Telephones. C．Computers. D．Radios. 63．What should you do if you are caught outside during a thunderstorm? A．Stand up and talk. B．Lie on the ground. C．Cover your ears. D．Keep your heels on the ground. 64．Where do you probably read this text? A．In a travel magazine. B．In a museum guidebook. C．On a weather website. D．In a science fiction novel. 主题02 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁大连甘井子区·期末) ①Pull-ups (引体向上) are one of the most common exercises. But they’re hard to do in the right way. ②Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor (监测器) to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March. ③The three are from different schools in Beijing. Their shared interest in programming brought them together in a class at a science museum. “Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team,” said 13-year-old Zhang Luotu, the team leader from The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University. ④“Many classmates were doing pull-ups the wrong way without knowing they could get hurt,” said Zhang. “So we made this to help.” ⑤The monitor shows how muscles (肌肉) are doing the workout. It has two parts—two small sensors (传感器) and a pair of gloves. People put the sensors on their arms. When they do pull-ups, the sensors test the electrical signals (电信号) from each arm. Then, the monitor checks if the numbers match (相同). If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people adjust (调整) quickly. ⑥“Pull-ups are a common PE test in many places, but we think they should be more than that,” Zhang said. “They are a great exercise and we should try to do them in the right way.” 65．Why did the three students make the pull-up monitor? A．To win a science competition. B．To improve their PE test scores. C．To show their programming skills. D．To help classmates do pull-ups correctly. 66．How did the three students form a team? A．They were very good friends. B．They were in the same school. C．They met in a programming class. D．They knew each other from PE class. 67．What is Paragraph ⑤ mainly about? A．How the monitor works. B．What the monitor looks like. C．How the students made the monitor. D．Why the monitor needs many sensors. 68．What’s the best title (标题) for the text? A．Time to get fit B．Getting it just right C．Ways to do pull-ups D．Finding the best exercise Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁大连普兰店区·期末) Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Big Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s much safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network (全球网络). It placed China among the groups of countries and areas with their own global navigation networks. The US, Russia and the European Union (欧盟) are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send messages where there’s no phone signal or Internet. For example, you can use it to send messages to others in a deep mountain. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now, over 120 countries and areas are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 69．How many countries and areas have their own global navigation networks? A．One. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 70．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_______”. A．Beidou B．the Internet C．a signal D．a phone 71．What can we learn from the passage? A．Japan has its own navigation satellite system. B．Big Dipper stars cannot help people find their way. C．Beidou is the first navigation satellite system in the world. D．We can send messages even in deep mountains with the help of Beidou. 72．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Find Your Way B．Big Dipper Stars C．China’s Achievement in Science D．China’s Navigation Satellite System Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期末) Smartwatches are becoming very popular among students. They are like small computers you can wear on your wrist (手腕). Unlike normal watches, smartwatches can do many things. With a smartwatch, you can check the time, of course. But you can also receive calls and messages. Some smartwatches let you listen to music or even take photos. If you forget where you put your phone, the smartwatch can help you find it. Smartwatches are also great for health. Many of them can count your steps and tell you how far you have walked. They can also show your heart rate (心率). Some can remind you to stand up and move if you sit for too long. The best part is that smartwatches come in different colors and styles (款式). You can choose one that looks cool and fits your personality. They make our lives more fun and convenient! 73．What are smartwatches like? A．Normal watches. B．Mini televisions. C．Small computers on the wrist. D．Big computers in the classrooms. 74．How can smartwatches help with health? A．They can cook for you. B．They can do your homework. C．They can make you sleep better. D．They can count your steps and show your heart rate. 75．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指)? A．Your phone. B．Your call. C．Your music. D．Your time. 76．What does the underlined word “convenient” mean in Chinese? A．复杂的 B．方便的 C．有趣的 D．昂贵的 Passage 4 (24-25八下·辽宁大连西岗区·期末) ①The World Tourism Organization says that space will soon become a popular place to go on holidays—possibly by 2035. It means the dream of space holidays might soon come true. ②One Japanese company is planning a space holiday centre. It will look like a bicycle wheel and have a hotel for 100 people and a big theme (主题) park. It will travel around the earth at a height of 300 km. The company has high hopes that the space holiday centre will be ready by 2030. The chairman of the company says he thinks that flying to the centre will probably be quicker than flying to Singapore from Hong Kong. When they reach the centre, tourists will take trips to the moon or go for walks in space. What about the cost? Well, the company believes that people will be happy to pay about $100,000 for a trip, but they think that as more people want to go, the trip will become much cheaper. ③The plan of the Japanese company for the space holiday center is really exciting. At the same time, in space tourism, American companies also have very creative ideas. An American hotel group is also thinking of building a hotel called the Lunar Hotel on the moon. Most of the hotel will be under the ground, so it won’t become too hot or too cold. The rooms will look just like the ones on the earth. The guests will eat universe food for lunch. The cooks will just push a button to mix dried food with water, and then it will become a delicious meal! There will be little or no dirt (灰尘) and there won’t be much water, so people can’t wash faces and hands. ④In conclusion, the space tourism plans from Japan and America are truly amazing. They show a super exciting future for us. 77．___________is planning to build a hotel on the moon. A．An American hotel group B．A big theme park C．The World Tourism Organization D．A Japanese company 78．According to the passage, the price of the trip will be lower because___________ A．flying to the centre is faster. B．people are getting richer then. C．the centre will be soon ready. D．more people will join the travel. 79．Most of the Lunar Hotel will be under the ground because they want to___________. A．keep a secret B．keep the guests safe C．keep everything clean D．keep it neither too hot nor too cold 80．How is the text organized?（①=paragraph 1, ②=paragraph 2….）? A． B． C． D． 主题03 人与自我——休闲活动 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺望花区·期末) Whether you are spending time with family and friends or hoping to catch dinner, fishing is a great way to enjoy outdoors. Here are some tips before you start fishing. Go where the fish are.1.Talk to other fishermen to get some tips on places for fishing. Public lakes, rivers, and ponds (池塘) are your best choices. 2.If you live by the coast (海岸), ocean fishing is also a good choice. You’ll need a license (执照) for ocean fishing. Find out what kinds of fish are in your area. 1.Check the local fishing posts on social media like Douyin. 2.Pay a visit to other fishermen to see the fish they’ve caught. 3.Learn about some general geography knowledge. For example, in the north, argus (黑鱼) and trout (鳟鱼) are very common fish. But asotus (鲶鱼) are only in the south of China. ______________.Most freshwater fish come out to eat at dawn (黎明) and at dusk (黄昏), making sunrise and sunset the most effective (有效率的) fishing hours. 81．What do fishermen need for ocean fishing? A．Live by the coast. B．Get a licence. C．Go with a friend. D．Have a good choice. 82．Which kind of fish is common in the south? A．Argus. B．Trout. C．Salmon. D．Asotus. 83．Which one is the most effective time to fish? A．At dawn. B．At midnight. C．At noon. D．In the morning. 84．Which one is most likely to be the title of the last paragraph? A．How to get a fishing license. B．Choose the right bait (鱼饵). C．Fish at the right time of a day. D．How to choose fishing rods (鱼竿). Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁大连高新园区·期末) Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it is better to travel with friends? If you are still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways. One of the greatest things about travelling alone is that you can make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You will be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence. Travelling alone really shows you what you are made of and helps you to discover inner strength you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. It’s easy to think that travelling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you are hardly ever alone. It can provide a chance for you to communicate with the locals and meet travellers from all corners of the world, which may become your most interesting experience. In fact, travelling to know more about the world is not easy. There is research, flight bookings, and choices to deal with, not to mention that things might go wrong. One of the main advantages of travelling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom. It’s true that travelling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you are new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation at a foreign police station. There is no right or wrong way to travel—Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 85．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene. 86．What does the underlined word “influence” mean in Chinese? A．影响 B．鼓励 C．想念 D．交流 87．Travelling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ______. A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself better C．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety 88．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．The advantages of travelling alone. B．The advantages of travelling with friends. C．The advantages of travelling alone and travelling with friends. D．The advantages and disadvantages of making a travel plan. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题01 人与国家——中华文化 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺新抚区·期末) Qinqiang Opera, which was from old pop Chinese songs and dances in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, is one of China’s oldest operas. It started during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC), when farmers and soldiers used it for fun and comfort. The opera shows the daily lives, hard work, and feelings of ancient Chinese people. Its songs and dances also teach about Chinese language, culture and history. However, in the 1990s, pop and Western music became very popular, and fewer people cared about Qinqiang Opera. Young people especially liked the new music more. Many actors had to leave during this time. Some opera groups closed, and people nearly forgot the old performance skills. To make money, artists did other jobs like selling clothes, starting small businesses or acting in movies. But a few never gave up-they kept practicing. In 2006, things changed when the government named Qinqiang Opera “an important cultural treasure”. This helped people focus on it again. Schools started teaching about it, and theaters mixed traditional opera with modern styles to attract young people. Ten years ago, most audiences (观众) were old, but now many young people watch and love Qinqiang Opera. More young actors are joining too, and schools train them to keep the art alive (有活力). The return of Qinqiang Opera not only brings young people back to Chinese culture, but also shows old arts can stay meaningful even in today’s fast-changing world. 1．When did Qinqiang Opera start? A．In the 1990s. B．In the Qin Dynasty. C．After 2006. D．About ten years ago. 2．What can we infer (推断) about Qinqiang Opera actors in the 1990s? A．The government stopped them. B．They wanted to sing pop songs. C．They thought the opera was too old. D．They made less money than before. 3．Which word can take the place of “attract” in Paragraph 3? A．Interest. B．Check. C．Hurt. D．Decide. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Qinqiang Opera and Modern Music. B．Why Opera Groups Closed in the 1990s. C．The History and Return of Qinqiang Opera. D．The Importance of Chinese Culture Today. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了秦腔的历史发展，包括其起源、20世纪90年代的衰落以及2006年后在政府等助力下的复兴。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“It started during the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 207 BC), when farmers and soldiers used it for fun and comfort.”可知，秦腔始于秦朝。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“To make money, artists did other jobs like selling clothes, starting small businesses or acting in movies.”可知，20世纪90年代秦腔演员赚钱比以前少了。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“theaters mixed traditional opera with modern styles to attract young people”以及后文“now many young people watch and love Qinqiang Opera”可知，“attract”在这里是“吸引”的意思，“Interest”与之意思相近。故选A。 4．最佳标题。文章介绍了秦腔的历史（起源、衰落）以及后来的复兴，“The History and Return of Qinqiang Opera”能很好概括全文。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁阜新太平区·期末) Many people think wheat straw (麦秸) is the waste on the farm. However, Wu Cui, a straw plaiting (草编) artist from Helan County, Ningxia, can turn straw into eye-catching artworks. Wu, 29, is the sixth-generation inheritor (第六代继承人) of straw plaiting. Learning from her uncle, Wu made things with straw when she was a child. She made the straw-plaiting her job after she finished college three years ago. Before plaiting straw, Wu usually spends a long time finding the right straw. Then she ties them up and dries them. Also, Wu needs to put the straw in warm water so that the straw won’t break easily. “In the past, we could see straw products everywhere in the countryside, such as straw hats and straw shoes. But the world has changed. There are so many things for people to choose from. So we need to find other ways to share the art with people,” Wu says. When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig (挖掘) deeper into the traditional culture and make more creative works. 5．Wu started to make a living on straw plaiting when she was ________. A．19 B．23 C．26 D．29 6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．When Wu learned straw plaiting. B．How Wu does straw plaiting. C．Why Wu loves straw plaiting. D．Where Wu learned to plait straw. 7．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A．People don’t use straw products very often now. B．Straw plaiting artists find it difficult to find straw. C．People in the countryside become richer than before. D．Many people think straw plaiting is meaningless now. 8．From the text, we can learn that ________. A．Wu learned to do straw plaiting from her father B．five people in Wu’s family can do straw plaiting C．it doesn’t take Wu much time to do straw plaiting D．Wu hopes to make more creative works in the future 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了草编艺术家吴翠学习草编艺术的经历。 5．推理判断题。根据“Wu, 29, is the sixth-generation inheritor (第六代继承人) of straw plaiting.”及“She made the straw-plaiting her job after she finished college three years ago.”可知，吴，29岁，是第六代草编继承人，三年前也就是26岁她大学毕业后开始以草编为生。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据“Before plaiting straw, Wu usually spends a long time finding the right straw. Then she ties them up and dries them. Also, Wu needs to put the straw in warm water so that the straw won’t break easily.”可知，本段主要讲述吴翠做草编的过程。故选B。 7．词句猜测题。根据前一句“In the past, we could see straw products everywhere in the countryside, such as straw hats and straw shoes.”以及后一句“There are so many things for people to choose from.”可知，现在人们有了更多的选择，不再像过去那样经常使用草编产品了。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据“When asked about her plans, Wu says she wants to dig (挖掘) deeper into the traditional culture and make more creative works.”可知，未来吴希望能制作更多的有创造力的产品。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳铁西区·期末) More and more foreign influencers (名人) are coming to China. They make videos here and share them online. People from other countries are amazed by how fast China is growing. Many of them change their ideas about China. This didn’t just happen by accident. China has been working hard for a long time to get ready for this. Chinese people are always inclusive. There are 56 ethnic groups (民族) in China. Each group has its own way of life, and together they make China’s culture rich and colorful. For example, the Tibetan people have their own language. They also have beautiful palaces and temples that show their beliefs. The Zhuang people also have their own language. They like to sing folk songs to build friendship. They even have a special festival called the Third Song Festival. On that day, people get together to play games like throwing embroidered balls (绣球) and touching colored eggs. China has a long history, but it’s also very modern. The high-speed trains in China are not only fast but also take you to many places, both inside China and to some other countries. They help China’s trade and technology grow faster. And life in China is super convenient. You can pay for things with your phone, so you don’t need to carry a lot of cash. Even when you’re taking the subway, you can use your phone because there’s a network everywhere. China is a country where old traditions meet new technology. Come and see it for yourself! 9．Why are people from other countries “amazed”? A．Because China has the most influencers. B．Because China’s development speed is surprising. C．Because Chinese food becomes popular worldwide. D．Because China invites many foreigners to make videos. 10．What does “inclusive” mean in the second paragraph? A．powerful B．lively C．helpful D．welcoming 11．What can we learn from the text? A．The Zhuang people sing songs to make friends. B．We can take high-speed trains to any other countries. C．You can only get online while taking the subway in China. D．Foreigners like to visit China because of the new technology. 12．What is the writer’s purpose of writing this text? A．To describe how strong China is now. B．To invite influencers to come to China. C．To help people know more about China. D．To tell readers ethnic groups in China. 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国的多民族文化和现代科技发展，让更多人了解当代中国。 9．细节理解题。根据“People from other countries are amazed by how fast China is growing.”可知，其他国家的人对中国的发展速度感到惊讶。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据“There are 56 ethnic groups (民族) in China. Each group has its own way of life, and together they make China’s culture rich and colorful.”可知，中国是一个多民族国家，对不同民族、不同文化都能接纳、包容。welcoming“欢迎的”。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据“The Zhuang people also have their own language. They like to sing folk songs to build friendship.”可知，壮族人喜欢唱民歌来建立友谊。故选A。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍中国的多民族文化和现代科技发展，让更多人了解当代中国。故选C。 主题02 人与自我——身心健康 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁盘锦双台子区·期末) How to give first aid What should you do if you see someone get hurt? If you want to help: Think about the situation to see if it is safe for you to help. Call an ambulance (救护车) right away if necessary. • 911 in America • 000 in Australia • 999 in the UK • 103 in Russia • 120 in China How you can help: Stop bleeding: Use a clean cloth or even your shirt to press on the cut. Keep pressing until you can get to a doctor. Treat burns: For small burns, run cool water over them for 10—15 minutes.Do not use ice, as it can make the burn worse. Treat choking (窒息): For people over the age of 1, stand behind them and give them quick pushes with your fist (拳头) above their belly button (肚脐). This is called the Heimlich maneuver (海姆立克急救法). Do CPR (心肺复苏术): If someone isn’t breathing and their heart isn’t beating, you might need to do CPR. Place the person on their back on the ground and push hard and fast in the middle of their chest (胸腔). 13．What number should you call if someone is badly hurt in Beijing? A．911. B．999. C．120. D．103. 14．How can you stop bleeding? A．By pressing a clean cloth on the cut. B．By putting ice on the cut. C．By using the Heimlich maneuver. D．By pushing on the chest many times. 15．You might need to do CPR when a person ________. A．is bleeding B．has a small burn C．is choking D．isn’t breathing and his heart isn’t beating 16．Where might you find the text? A．In a storybook. B．In a book about health. C．In a history book. D．In a sports magazine. 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何进行急救，包括救助前需考虑自身安全、必要时呼叫救护车的不同国家号码，以及止血和实施心肺复苏术的方法。 13．细节理解题。根据“• 120 in China”可知，在中国，如果有人严重受伤应拨打120，北京属于中国。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据“Stop bleeding: Use a clean cloth or even your shirt to press on the cut.”可知，通过用干净的布按压伤口来止血。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据“Do CPR (心肺复苏术): If someone isn’t breathing and their heart isn’t  beating, you might need to do CPR.”可知，如果有人停止呼吸，心脏停止跳动，你可能需要做心肺复苏术。故选D。 16．推理判断题。根据文章标题“How to give first aid”以及内容可知，文章围绕急救知识展开，最有可能在关于健康的书中找到。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁丹东东港·期末) We often have a lot of stress in our lives. Sometimes it’s useful. As the saying goes, “No pressure, no power.” For example, it can help us get good grades on tests. But if we are always under pressure, it may be bad for our health. So, how should we deal with it? Talk to others. When we are stressed out, we should go to our family or friends for good communication. This can make the stress become less and help us find ways to relax. As a result, we will feel better. Do something relaxing. Find a quiet place and don’t think about anything. Read our favorite books, listen to our favorite music or sing our favorite songs. Of course, we can also go to the cinema to enjoy a wonderful movie. If someone likes staying inside, it will be a good idea to do some housework. Do sports. Go outdoors to breathe the fresh air and do proper sports such as walking, swimming, and mountain climbing. Sports are of great help to us. When we are stressed out, doing sports can make muscles (肌肉) move a lot and return to normal. I have a friend. She had a lot of pressure every day. A doctor told her to jump rope when she was under a lot of pressure. She followed the doctor’s advice. When she felt worried, she started to jump rope and kept practicing. A few months later, she felt much better. Now she is completely different from the past. 17．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 1? A．A lot of stress. B．One old saying. C．An important test. D．Our bad health. 18．How many kinds of ways to deal with stress can we find in the text? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 19．What’s the structure of the text? A． B． C． D． 20．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share ways of keeping healthy. B．To tell a personal story about stress. C．To give advice on dealing with stress. D．To encourage us to help stressed people. 【答案】17．A 18．A 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了应对压力的几种方法，包括与他人交流、做放松的事、运动等，并通过朋友的例子进行说明。 17．词句猜测题。根据“We often have a lot of stress in our life. Sometimes it’s useful...But if we are always under the pressure, it may be bad for our health. So, how should we deal with it?”可知，it指代前文提到的“a lot of stress”。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“Talk to others.”，“Do something relaxing.”和“Do sports.”可知，文章中提到三种应对压力的方法：与他人交流、做放松的事、做运动。故选A。 19．篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，文章第1段引出压力及如何应对的话题；第2、3、4段分别介绍应对压力的方法；第5段通过朋友跳绳的例子说明运动对处理压力的有效性，对应D选项的结构。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。根据“But if we are always under the pressure, it may be bad for our health. So, how should we deal with it?”及结合文章内容可知，作者的主要目的是给出应对压力的建议。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳和平区·期末) First aid (急救) is the kind of medical care given to a victim (伤者) of an accident or sudden sickness before trained medical help can arrive. Knowing how to treat someone in an emergency can mean the difference between life and death. General Treatment to Burns⚫Move the victim away from the heat source (热源). ⚫Check the breathing as well as the size and depth of burns. ⚫Wash the burnt skin (皮肤) with cool water to reduce pain. ⚫Cover the wound with dry clean cloth. Heatstroke (中暑)⚫stop risky activities in hot weather. ⚫wear light loose-fitting (宽松的) clothes. ⚫rest in a cool place as often as possible. ⚫drink water and juice. ⚫avoid drinks such as milk and tea. First Aid Training                                    Our First Aid Training School offers the courses. For more information, you can call Mr. Zhang at 2648 3738. 21．If Mary is burnt, we should let her ______. A．wear light clothes B．drink water and juice C．dry the burnt skin D．wash burns with water 22．Which of the following most probably needs first aid help? A．Bob loses his false teeth. B．Amy feels ill in the hot sun. C．Ann cooks in the kitchen. D．Mike takes first aid courses. 23．We can get more information on the ______. A．phone B．radio C．television D．computer 24．Where can we probably read the text above? A．On a traffic sign. B．On a story website. C．In a school poster. D．In a nature magazine. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了急救的定义以及对于烧伤和中暑的急救方法，还介绍了急救培训学校的相关信息。 21．细节理解题。根据“Wash the burnt skin (皮肤) with cool water to reduce pain.”可知，如果玛丽被烧伤了，我们应该让她用凉水冲洗烧伤处来减轻疼痛。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据“Heatstroke (中暑)”部分的内容可知，在炎热的太阳下生病最有可能需要急救帮助。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“For more information, you can call Mr. Zhang at 2648 3738.”可知，可以通过电话了解更多信息。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据“Our First Aid Training School offers the courses.”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了急救培训学校的相关信息，因此可以在学校海报上看到这篇文章。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——动物朋友 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺顺城区·期末) Do you love animals? Do you know the number of the endangered animals is a growing worry for the world? One such animal that is in danger is pandas. This black and white animal is the favorite of many people all over the world. However, there are fewer than 2, 000 in the wild now. The reason for the number of pandas getting smaller is the losing of their natural homes. People cut down trees to build tall buildings. This has made more and more pandas lose their homes, some people hunt them for their body parts. To protect pandas, it is important to do something for them quickly. Governments and protection groups must work together to protect the few homes of pandas. Governments should also make stricter rules to stop hunting. As for us, we can also do something to help protect pandas. For example, we can help protect pandas by joining groups to keep them safe. All in all, pandas are in danger now, so we should try our best to keep this kind of beautiful animal thriving in the wild. I hope that we can see more and more pandas in the future. 25．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Some living habits of pandas. B．Some dangerous situations of pandas. C．Reasons for the losing of panda population. D．The meaning of protecting pandas. 26．According to the passage, what are the ways to protect pandas? ①protecting their living places                    ②making stricter rules ③joining animal protection groups                ④saving hurt animals A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 27．What does the underlined word “thriving” in the last paragraph mean? A．Appearing. B．Growing. C．Sleeping. D．Climbing. 28．Which of the following can show the structure of the passage? （①=Paragraph 1        ②=Paragraph 2，…） A． B． C． D． 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了熊猫数量减少的原因以及保护熊猫的方法。 25．主旨大意题。根据“The reason for the number of pandas getting smaller is the losing of their natural homes. People cut down trees to build tall buildings. This has made more and more pandas lose their homes, some people hunt them for their body parts.”可知，熊猫数量减少的原因是它们自然家园的丧失，人们砍伐树木建造高楼大厦，这导致越来越多的熊猫失去家园，有些人为了获取它们的身体部位而猎杀它们。由此可知，第二段主要讲述了熊猫数量减少的原因。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“Governments and protection groups must work together to protect the few homes of pandas. Governments should also make stricter rules to stop hunting. As for us, we can also do something to help protect pandas. For example, we can help protect pandas by joining groups to keep them safe.”可知，保护熊猫的方法有保护它们的居住地、制定更严格的规则以及加入动物保护组织。故选A。 27．词句猜测题。根据“All in all, pandas are in danger now, so we should try our best to keep this kind of beautiful animal thriving in the wild. I hope that we can see more and more pandas in the future.”可知，熊猫现在处于危险之中，所以我们应该尽我们最大的努力让这种美丽的动物在野外繁衍生息，希望在未来能看到越来越多的熊猫。由此可知，熊猫现在处于危险中，所以我们要保护它们，让它们在野外繁衍生息，所以“thriving”的意思是“繁衍，生长”。故选B。 28．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出文章主题，即熊猫数量减少；第二、三、四段说明原因并介绍保护熊猫的方法；第五段总结全文，呼吁人们保护熊猫。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺望花区·期末) Elephants are one of the most popular animals to see at zoos. However, in Thailand, elephants are more than just popular. They are loved by the Thai people. In fact, the elephant was on the old Thai flag. They are also found in art all over Thailand. In the past, Thai elephants were used to do many things. Elephants are very strong animals. They can carry people as well as objects (物品). In fact, elephants can lift objects up to 700 kilograms. They can carry heavy objects for long distances, too. A healthy elephant could work for 25 to 40 years. Elephants are also smart animals. They can learn to draw, do math, and perform shows for people. One Thai king even had 20,000 elephants trained for fighting in the late 1600s. Sadly, the number of elephants in Thailand has fallen far below what it once was. In the past, there were over 100,000 elephants in Thailand. Now, there are only about 2,700. Luckily, things are different now. Many people in Thailand want to protect the elephants. Most elephants do not work or perform shows anymore. Instead, people prefer to see the elephants in their natural homes. They can wash the elephants in rivers. They can also feed them and walk with them. Because of this, the elephants can live close to their normal lives. This means that they can live longer and healthier lives. 29．People used elephants to do many things except for (除了) ________. A．Fighting. B．Carrying people. C．Telling the future. D．Carrying heavy objects. 30．What is the number of elephants in Thailand today? A．About 2,700. B．Around 1,600. C．Over 100,000. D．About 20,000. 31．What do people today enjoy doing? A．Riding on elephants in Thai cities. B．Watching elephants perform shows. C．Using elephants to carry heavy things. D．Seeing elephants in their natural home. 32．What is the text mainly about? A．How smart and friendly elephants are. B．How important elephants are in Thailand. C．How elephants are being protected in Thailand. D．How Thai elephants are different from other elephants. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了大象在泰国是多么的重要，人们对大象的使用也发生了很大的变化。 29．细节理解题。根据第二段“They can carry people as well as objects (物品)...They can carry heavy objects for long distances, too.”和第三段“One Thai king even had 20,000 elephants trained for fighting in the late 1600s.”可知，人们可以用大象打仗、驮人和重物，不能预测未来。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Now, there are only about 2,700.”可知，泰国现在有约2700头大象。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead, people prefer to see the elephants in their natural homes.”可知，现在人们喜欢看到大象在它们的自然家园里。故选D。 32．主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了大象在泰国是多么重要，故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁鞍山·期末) In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand, there is an unusual group of musicians. They play many different kinds of music—from traditional Thai songs to music by Beethoven. Both children and adults love this group. What makes them so popular? Is it their music? Their looks? Yes, it’s both of these things, but it’s also something else: they’re elephants. These musical elephants are from the Thai Lampang. The TECC protects elephants. It teaches people to understand and care for these huge but gentle animals. And, like many zoos around the world, the TECC encourages elephants to paint. Richard Lair works with the TECC． He knew that elephants hear better than they see. So he had an idea: if elephants are smart and they have good hearing, maybe they can play music. To test his idea, Lair and a friend started the Thai Elephant Orchestra (管弦乐队). During a show, the elephants played different instruments, including the drums. They also used their voices and trunks to make sounds.    But can elephants really make music properly? Yes, says Lair. They’re very creative. Humans may encourage the animals to play instruments, but the elephants make their own songs; they don’t just copy other trainers or other people. There are now albums (专辑) of the group’s music, which make money for the TECC． And the music these artists create is pretty amazing. 33．What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A．Musicians. B．Children. C．Adults. D．Singers. 34．Why did Richard Lair start the Thai Elephant Orchestra? A．Because he wanted to make money. B．Because he knew elephants were good at painting. C．Because he thought elephants might be able to play music. D．Because he wanted to protect the animals. 35．What is the most important point about the elephants’ music? A．Their music helps raise money for TECC． B．They create new songs by themselves, not only copy others. C．Humans must encourage them to play. D．Their large size makes their music amazing. 36．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to train elephants to dance. B．The elephants that play music in Thailand. C．The popular music in northern Thailand. D．We should love and protect elephants. 【答案】33．A 34．C 35．B 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一群有音乐天赋的大象，这些大象来自泰国大象保护中心。大象很聪明并有很好的听力，不仅能演奏乐器，还能自己创作歌曲。 33．词句猜测题。根据“there is an unusual group of musicians. They play many different kinds of music—from traditional Thai songs to music by Beethoven. Both children and adults love this group. What makes them so popular?”可知，有一群不寻常的音乐家很受欢迎，them指的是an unusual group of musicians。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据“So he had an idea: if elephants are smart and they have good hearing, maybe they can play music. To test his idea, Lair and a friend started the Thai Elephant Orchestra (管弦乐队).”可知，是因为他认为大象很聪明，听力又好，应该能演奏音乐。故选C。 35．推理判断题。根据“Humans may encourage the animals to play instruments, but the elephants make their own songs; they don’t just copy other trainers or other people. There are now albums (专辑) of the group’s music, which make money for the TECC. And the music these artists create is pretty amazing.”可知，大象音乐的重要特点是它们不仅模仿，而且很有创造力，能独立创作新歌。故选B。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一群有音乐天赋的大象，这些大象来自泰国大象保护中心。大象很聪明并有很好的听力，不仅能演奏乐器，还能自己创作歌曲。故选B。 Passage 4 (24-25八下·辽宁大连高新园区·期末) Fish babies in space! In a space study on zebrafish, Chinese scientists have set a new record (纪录). They successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station on the Shenzhou XVIII spacecraft on April 25. Since then, they have been living in a closed fish tank (缸) with some plants. The fish grew up and had babies in 43 days. In their special closed environment, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. The scientists gave the fish food through a special needle (针管). Such a closed-loop ecosystem (封闭生态系统) is important for future studies in space. It means that plants and animals can live in space more simply and easily. The scientists found that the zebrafish didn’t act the same way in space as on Earth. For example, they often swam on their backs. The low gravity (重力) in space is a big reason. On Earth, gravity pulls everything to Earth’s center, and animals can find their way easily. Gravity also makes their bodies work harder and become stronger. Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health. 37．What do we know about the space study? A．Scientists from different countries did it together. B．The zebrafish gave birth to four babies at last. C．It took place in a closed environment. D．It lasted for less than one month. 38．Which picture should be in the circle to show the ecosystem in the fish tank? A． B． C． D． 39．What was the result of the low gravity in space? A．Human bodies got stronger. B．Animals could easily find way. C．The zebrafish swim upside down. D．The zebrafish swam in the same direction. 40．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The plan for studying human genes. B．The findings of the space study. C．Further studies on zebrafish. D．The importance of the study. 【答案】37．C 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】本文讲述了中国科学家开展的斑马鱼太空研究，介绍了研究中斑马鱼在封闭生态系统的生存情况、太空低重力对其行为的影响，以及该研究对理解人类健康的重要意义。 【详解】37．细节理解题。根据文中“They successfully got four zebrafish to live and grow in a closed water world. The zebrafish went to China’s space station... have been living in a closed fish tank (缸) with some plants.” 可知，太空研究是在封闭环境中进行的。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据“In their special closed environment, the plants made air for the fish and the fish’s waste (排泄物) gave the plants food. ”可知，植物为鱼提供空气，鱼的排泄物为植物提供食物。故选B。 39．细节理解题。依据“The scientists found that the zebrafish didn’t act the same way in space as on Earth. For example, they often swam on their backs. The low gravity (重力) in space is a big reason.”，可知，太空低重力使斑马鱼仰卧游动，故选C。 40．主旨大意题。最后一段“Humans and zebrafish share 70% of the same genes (基因). So the new finding will help scientists better understand human health.”，主要讲该研究对理解人类健康有帮助，也就是在说研究的重要性，故选D。 主题04 人与社会——电影电视 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁大连瓦房店·期末) Mary is the hostess of her school radio station. She hosts New Movies once a week for ten minutes, and Travel Around the World for fifteen minutes each time, once a week too. But this time, she is talking to the world on web radio. Her district (地区) started web radio for kids this month. Every weekday, during lunchtime, students make a 30-minute Internet radio programme. The schools in the district take turns to host the programme. Mary says her job is very important. “In the past, only the students in my school could hear me, but with the web, students all over the world can hear my voice! I am sure that I can make friends with many people through my warm and easy talk,” she said. Besides Mary, other kids from her school do a lot of work, too. After they decide on a story, some kids begin to surf the Internet, while the others begin to think of the programme ideas or write the stories. The programme is made on a computer. Listeners can then hear it by visiting the website. The Education Bureau began to prepare for web radio last year. An official (官员) said, “We want to let the kids know how to make full use of the Internet instead of only playing web games.” 41．How long does this web radio programme last every week? A．Fifteen minutes. B．Twenty-five minutes. C．Half an hour. D．Two and a half hours. 42．How can listeners hear the web radio programme? A．By visiting the website. B．By going to school. C．By listening to the radio. D．By watching TV. 43．What does the underlined phrase “make full use of” mean in Chinese? A．完全掌握 B．充分利用 C．灵活使用 D．正确操作 44．What can we know from the passage? A．This web radio programme is mainly for the old men. B．This web radio programme wants children to play more web games. C．Kids all over the world take part in making the radio programme. D．Kids can learn lots of stories from the web radio. 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．B 44．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了玛丽和她的同学们参与制作网络广播节目的情况，以及该节目的目的和影响。 41．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Every weekday, during lunchtime, students make a 30-minute Internet radio programme.”可知，每个工作日午餐时间，学生们制作30分钟的网络广播节目。可推知，每周5天，每天30分钟，总时长为2.5小时。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Listeners can then hear it by visiting the website.”可知，听众可以通过访问网站收听节目。故选A。 43．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“We want to let the kids know how to make full use of the Internet instead of only playing web games.”可知，他们希望让孩子们知道如何充分利用互联网，而不是只玩网络游戏。可推知，“make full use of”意为“充分利用”。故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“After they decide on a story, some kids begin to surf the Internet, while the others begin to think of the programme ideas or write the stories.”可知，在决定故事主题后，一些孩子开始上网搜索，其他人则开始构思节目内容或撰写故事。因此可推知，孩子们可以从网络广播中学到很多故事。故选D。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁大连中山区·期末) Do you ever wish for a better memory during the exam season? If Doraemon were your friend, he might give you his “Memory Bread”. Wait, don’t know who Doraemon is? Doraemon is a round, blue-and-white robotic cat from the 22nd century. He travels back in time to help Nobita (大雄), a kind but lazy boy. Nobita often has trouble with school and life. Doraemon uses tools from the future to solve the boy’s problems. The robotic cat, created by two Japanese artists, first appeared in a magazine in 1969. Since then, he has won the hearts of millions around the world through TV shows, movies and more. One big reason for his popularity is the 4D pocket on his belly. This magic pocket holds many amazing tools. The “Anywhere Door” is a pink door. Just think of a place, step through the door and there you are. The “Take-copter” is a tiny fan. You can fly as soon as you put it on your head. And if you press “Memory Bread” onto a page and eat it, you’ll be able to remember everything on that page. These fun inventions make Doraemon exciting to watch. But Doraemon is more than fun. It also teaches valuable lessons. In the “Memory Bread” episode (集), for example, Nobita eats too much bread and gets a stomachache. In the end, all the knowledge he ate ends up in the toilet. The message is clear: There’s no shortcut (捷径) to learning. So, kids, though it’s fun to dream of magic tools, you already have the power to learn and grow. Even without “Memory Bread”, you can still perform well on your own. 45．The writer mentions the “Memory Bread” at the beginning of the passage to ________. A．explain one of Doraemon’s most powerful tools B．show that Nobita is a lazy boy with poor study habits C．attract readers’ interest by connecting it with exams D．prove Doraemon’s inventions can be helpful in real life 46．How does the writer introduce Doraemon to readers? A．By telling them that two Japanese artists created Doraemon. B．By describing what Doraemon looks like and how he helps Nobita. C．By saying that Doraemon has won the hearts of millions around the world. D．By explaining how Doraemon uses future tools to solve Nobita’s problems. 47．The writer writes the last paragraph mainly to ________. A．encourage hard work and confidence in learning B．show that tools like “Memory Bread” could be harmful to users C．warn readers not to eat too much “Memory Bread” like Nobita did D．tell readers not to watch cartoons like Doraemon during the exam season 48．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Fun of Doraemon’s stories B．Power of learning by yourself C．Doraemon’s magic tools D．The lessons from Doraemon 【答案】45．C 46．B 47．A 48．D 【导语】本文主要介绍卡通《哆啦A梦》的主要人物、故事情节以及蕴含的教育意义。 【详解】45．推理判断题。根据“Do you ever wish for a better memory during the exam season? If Doraemon were your friend, he might give you his ‘Memory Bread’.”可知，作者先用“记忆面包”与考试联系，引起读者兴趣并导入主题。故选C。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，文章第二段介绍哆啦A梦时，先说明它长什么样，接着提到它如何帮助大雄，属于对外形及帮助方式的描述。故选B。 47．主旨大意题。根据“So, kids, though it’s fun to dream of magic tools, you already have the power to learn and grow. Even without ‘Memory Bread’, you can still perform well on your own.”可知，作者鼓励读者努力和有学习的自信。故选A。 48．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，通篇不仅介绍了哆啦A梦的神奇工具，还强调了“学习没有捷径”的道理，说明从哆啦A梦的故事里能学到有价值的教训。故选D。 进阶提升 主题01 人与自然——科普知识 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁阜新太平区·期末) Liu Cixin, the writer of the novel The Three-Body Problem, once said, “Lots of people love my book. In fact, many of my ideas came from Physics.” For many students, Physics is boring and difficult. They don’t like it. To help students learn Physics more easily, the book series (系列) That’s where Big Bang in Physics: 128 Sessions of Physics Courses was born. It includes seven books by Li Jianlong and mainly introduces Physics knowledge through comics and stories. Students usually begin to learn Physics in Grade 8. The contents (内容) of this book series are as difficult as those in the Physics textbook for the first term. But Li explains many key points through comic stories, making children understand them in easy ways. Li has worked hard to spread (传播) scientific knowledge through interesting comics. “I hope children can not only improve their knowledge, but also have fun by reading these books,” said Li. It’s crucial for young people to learn Physics. Physics makes our life better and easier. For example, with the help of Physics, people have made cars, ships and planes. What’s more, learning Physics helps kids understand many phenomena (现象) in daily life. Why does the rainbow (彩虹) come out after the rain? Why does thunder always come after lightning? You can get the answers after you learn Physics. “I’m preparing for a new series now. It is fit for eighth graders in the second term and covers more difficult Physics knowledge. I also plan to write comic books about Maths and Chemistry in the future,” Li added. 49．How does the writer start the text? A．By showing facts. B．By asking a question. C．By giving a picture. D．By using a famous writer’s words. 50．Which of the following can best describe the book series? A．Hard but exciting. B．Boring but helpful. C．Difficult and boring. D．Useful and interesting. 51．What does the underlined word “crucial” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Strange. B．Important. C．Terrible. D．Impossible. 52．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Li’s special writing skills. B．Li’s hope for young people. C．Li’s present and future plans. D．Li’s new ideas about teaching. 【答案】49．D 50．D 51．B 52．C 【导语】本文介绍了李建龙编写的物理系列丛书，该丛书通过漫画故事帮助学生轻松学习物理，适合八年级学生，李建龙还计划编写数学和化学的漫画书。 49．推理判断题。根据“Liu Cixin, the writer of the novel The Three-Body Problem, once said, ‘Lots of people love my book. In fact, many of my ideas came from Physics.’”可知，作者通过引用著名作家刘慈欣的话开始这篇文章。故选D。 50．推理判断题。根据“But Li explains many key points through comic stories, making children understand them in easy ways.”和“Physics makes our life better and easier.”可知，这套书用连环画故事解释物理难点，有助于学生理解，而且物理知识也使我们的生活更美好更容易，所以这套书是有用和有趣的。故选D。 51．词句猜测题。根据“It’s crucial for young people to learn Physics. Physics makes our life better and easier.”可知，对年轻人来说学习物理是至关重要的，它使我们的生活变得更好、更容易。所以这里“crucial”意为“至关重要的”。故选B。 52．主旨大意题。根据 “I’m preparing for a new series now.”和“I also plan to write comic books about Maths and Chemistry in the future”可知，本段主要介绍了李现在和未来的计划。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期末) ①There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Some dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves (叶子). But they all find a way to rest. ②Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters (海獭) sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish (鹦嘴鱼) blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm (伤害) while they sleep. ③Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored (贮存) food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs (蛙) dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. ④High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects (昆虫) even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is ready for work. 53．What animals sleep with a bubble around them? A．Monkeys. B．Parrotfish. C．Sea otters. D．Desert frogs. 54．What do we know about chipmunks according to the passage? A．They rest with their eyes open. B．They never curled up in a ball. C．They wake up from time to time in winter. D．They don’t eat any food during the winter. 55．What is the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2, ③=Paragraph 3, ④=Paragraph 4) A． B． C． D． 56．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Where do animals live? B．What animals do? C．What do animals feed on? D．How do animals sleep? 【答案】53．B 54．C 55．A 56．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同动物在休息时的睡眠方式。 【详解】53．细节理解题。根据“Parrotfish (鹦嘴鱼) blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm (伤害) while they sleep.”可知，鹦嘴鱼睡觉时周围有气泡。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据“In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored (贮存) food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.”可知，花栗鼠在冬天不时地醒来。故选C。 55．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总领全文；第二段到第四段分别举例说明不同动物在休息时的睡眠方式。故选A。 56．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了不同动物在休息时的睡眠方式。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳皇姑区·期末) People always say the music from their younger years is the best compared to other times. This may be because of something that can be called the “memory bump” (记忆隆起). According to the BBC, the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are very strong. This time heavily shapes our interests, such as our favorite books, films, sports stars, and especially music. This is because there is a “safe” place in our brain to store the musical memories. The place is well protected against aging problems. As a result, the music we listen to during these years usually has a lasting influence. We usually remember the music in our early years more fondly (充满感情地) than music from other times in our lives. More importantly, “music is episodic (有许多片段的),” Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. “If you look at an artwork or something, you can look at it and leave. But music is over time.” Music from our younger years mixes happy and sad feelings when we listen to it. When the songs can be connected to your experience, memories of those experiences will come back as you listen to the songs again. Sometimes, with a change in experience, the sadness you felt before when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to something from a difficult time in your younger life can bring a feeling of relief now. 57．When are our memories very strong? A．From ages 5 to 10. B．From ages 10 to 30. C．When we are safe. D．When we are happy. 58．Why do we remember the music from our younger years? A．Because a more protected area in the brain stores it. B．Because we listen to it more often than other music. C．Because it is much easier to understand and remember. D．Because young people have better memories than the old. 59．What idea does Professor Robert Cutietta probably agree with about music? A．Music from our younger years is the best. B．Listening to music is like looking at an artwork. C．We can forget music from childhood very quickly. D．Listening to music can make us think of our old times. 60．What does the underlined word “relief” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Sadness. B．Pain. C．Relaxation. D．Interest. 【答案】57．B 58．A 59．D 60．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要解释了人们总觉得年轻时的音乐最好听的原因，涉及“记忆隆起”现象、大脑对音乐记忆的储存特点以及音乐与过往经历的关联等内容。 57．细节理解题。根据“According to the BBC, the memory bump means that our memories from ages 10 to 30 are very strong.”可知，10到30岁时我们的记忆非常深刻。故选B。 58．细节理解题。根据“This is because there is a ‘safe’ place in our brain to store the musical memories. The place is well protected against aging problems.”可知，因为大脑中有一个受保护较好的区域来储存这些音乐记忆。故选A。 59．推理判断题。根据“More importantly, ‘music is episodic,’ Professor Robert Cutietta at the University of Southern California said. ‘If you look at an artwork or something, you can look at it and leave. But music is over time.’”以及后文提到音乐能唤起相关经历的记忆，可推断他可能同意听音乐能让我们想起过去的时光这一观点。故选D。 60．词句猜测题。根据“Sometimes, with a change in experience, the sadness you felt before when listening to a song can later turn into joy. This can explain why listening to something from a difficult time in your younger life can bring a feeling of relief now.”可知，过去的悲伤后来会变成快乐，所以此处“relief”应与快乐相关，意为“放松”。故选C。 Passage 4 (24-25八下·辽宁沈阳皇姑区·期末) Each year, thunderstorms (雷雨) produce millions of flashes of lightning. Here is what you need to know to stay safe. 61．What should you do immediately when you hear thunder? A．Call for help on a phone. B．Stand near a window. C．Run to the tallest object. D．Go inside a building or car. 62．Which of the following is safe to use during a thunderstorm? A．Mobile phones. B．Telephones. C．Computers. D．Radios. 63．What should you do if you are caught outside during a thunderstorm? A．Stand up and talk. B．Lie on the ground. C．Cover your ears. D．Keep your heels on the ground. 64．Where do you probably read this text? A．In a travel magazine. B．In a museum guidebook. C．On a weather website. D．In a science fiction novel. 【答案】61．D 62．A 63．C 64．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕雷雨天气安全，分别介绍了听到雷声时以及在户外遭遇雷雨时的不同安全防护措施，还提及雷雨期间哪些设备可安全使用等内容。 61．细节理解题。根据“WHEN YOU HEAR THUNDER”部分“Move to a building or a car with window closed.”可知，听到雷声应立即进入建筑物或汽车。故选D。 62．细节理解题。根据“WHEN YOU HEAR THUNDER”部分“Stay off telephones, computers and radios. Mobile-phones are safe”可知，雷雨期间手机可安全使用。故选A。 63．细节理解题。根据“WHEN YOU ARE CAUGHT OUTSIDE”部分“Cover your ears with your hands to protect your hearing.”可知，在户外遇到雷雨应捂住耳朵。故选C。 64．推理判断题。文章是关于雷雨天气安全防护知识，这类内容可能在天气网站读到。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁大连甘井子区·期末) ①Pull-ups (引体向上) are one of the most common exercises. But they’re hard to do in the right way. ②Recently, three junior middle school students from Beijing made a monitor (监测器) to help people do pull-ups better. They won the first prize for their work in the 44th Beijing Youth Science Creation Competition in March. ③The three are from different schools in Beijing. Their shared interest in programming brought them together in a class at a science museum. “Each of us was good at different parts of programming, so we decided to take part in the competition as a team,” said 13-year-old Zhang Luotu, the team leader from The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University. ④“Many classmates were doing pull-ups the wrong way without knowing they could get hurt,” said Zhang. “So we made this to help.” ⑤The monitor shows how muscles (肌肉) are doing the workout. It has two parts—two small sensors (传感器) and a pair of gloves. People put the sensors on their arms. When they do pull-ups, the sensors test the electrical signals (电信号) from each arm. Then, the monitor checks if the numbers match (相同). If not, the gloves shine a red light. This can help people adjust (调整) quickly. ⑥“Pull-ups are a common PE test in many places, but we think they should be more than that,” Zhang said. “They are a great exercise and we should try to do them in the right way.” 65．Why did the three students make the pull-up monitor? A．To win a science competition. B．To improve their PE test scores. C．To show their programming skills. D．To help classmates do pull-ups correctly. 66．How did the three students form a team? A．They were very good friends. B．They were in the same school. C．They met in a programming class. D．They knew each other from PE class. 67．What is Paragraph ⑤ mainly about? A．How the monitor works. B．What the monitor looks like. C．How the students made the monitor. D．Why the monitor needs many sensors. 68．What’s the best title (标题) for the text? A．Time to get fit B．Getting it just right C．Ways to do pull-ups D．Finding the best exercise 【答案】65．D 66．C 67．A 68．B 【导语】本文讲述了北京三名初中生制作引体向上监测器，帮助人们正确做引体向上，以及相关比赛获奖、团队组建和监测器原理等内容。 65．细节理解题。根据文章第④段“Many classmates were doing pull-ups the wrong way without knowing they could get hurt, said Zhang. So we made this to help.”，可知制作监测器是为了帮同学正确做引体向上，故选D。 66．细节理解题。根据文章第③段“Their shared interest in programming brought them together in a class at a science museum.”，可知他们因在编程课上相遇并因共同兴趣组队，故选C。 67．主旨大意题。文章第⑤段围绕监测器展开，从“It has two parts—two small sensors …This can help people adjust quickly.”，详细讲了监测器的工作部件和工作流程，是在说明监测器如何工作，故选A。 68．最佳标题题。文章围绕制作引体向上监测器，帮助人们正确做引体向上展开，B选项“做到恰到好处（即正确做引体向上）”契合文意，体现文章核心。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁大连普兰店区·期末) Thirty years ago, China started to build its own navigation satellite system (卫星导航系统), Beidou. It took its name from the Big Dipper stars, which are the guiding light for people around the world. In 1994, China began making the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), so it wouldn’t have to use navigation systems from other countries. It’s much safer this way. In 2020, after over 20 years of hard work, Beidou completed its global network (全球网络). It placed China among the groups of countries and areas with their own global navigation networks. The US, Russia and the European Union (欧盟) are the other three. Beidou does not just show where you are. It’s also the first to let you send messages where there’s no phone signal or Internet. For example, you can use it to send messages to others in a deep mountain. The BDS is more than a system. It shows China’s power in science and technology. Now, over 120 countries and areas are using it. Wherever you are, Beidou is there to help you find your way. 69．How many countries and areas have their own global navigation networks? A．One. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 70．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to “_______”. A．Beidou B．the Internet C．a signal D．a phone 71．What can we learn from the passage? A．Japan has its own navigation satellite system. B．Big Dipper stars cannot help people find their way. C．Beidou is the first navigation satellite system in the world. D．We can send messages even in deep mountains with the help of Beidou. 72．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Find Your Way B．Big Dipper Stars C．China’s Achievement in Science D．China’s Navigation Satellite System 【答案】69．C 70．A 71．D 72．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国北斗卫星导航系统的发展历程、功能特点及其全球影响力。 69．细节理解题。根据“It placed China among the groups of countries and areas with their own global navigation networks. The US, Russia and the European Union are the other three.”可知，中国、美国、俄罗斯和欧盟拥有全球导航网络。故选C。 70．词句猜测题。根据“Beidou does not just show where you are…you can use it to send messages to others in a deep mountain.”可知，可以使用北斗向深山中的其他人发送消息，可推测出“it”指代前文提到的“北斗系统”，即“Beidou”。故选A。 71．细节理解题。根据“It’s also the first to let you send messages where there’s no phone signal or Internet. For example, you can use it to send messages to others in a deep mountain.”可知，北斗系统首创在没有信号的地方发送信息的功能。故选D。 72．最佳标题题。本文主要讲了中国北斗卫星导航系统的发展历程、功能特点及其全球影响力，D选项为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25八下·辽宁盘锦兴隆台区·期末) Smartwatches are becoming very popular among students. They are like small computers you can wear on your wrist (手腕). Unlike normal watches, smartwatches can do many things. With a smartwatch, you can check the time, of course. But you can also receive calls and messages. Some smartwatches let you listen to music or even take photos. If you forget where you put your phone, the smartwatch can help you find it. Smartwatches are also great for health. Many of them can count your steps and tell you how far you have walked. They can also show your heart rate (心率). Some can remind you to stand up and move if you sit for too long. The best part is that smartwatches come in different colors and styles (款式). You can choose one that looks cool and fits your personality. They make our lives more fun and convenient! 73．What are smartwatches like? A．Normal watches. B．Mini televisions. C．Small computers on the wrist. D．Big computers in the classrooms. 74．How can smartwatches help with health? A．They can cook for you. B．They can do your homework. C．They can make you sleep better. D．They can count your steps and show your heart rate. 75．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指)? A．Your phone. B．Your call. C．Your music. D．Your time. 76．What does the underlined word “convenient” mean in Chinese? A．复杂的 B．方便的 C．有趣的 D．昂贵的 【答案】73．C 74．D 75．A 76．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了智能手表的特点和功能。 73．细节理解题。根据“They are like small computers you can wear on your wrist (手腕).”可知，智能手表像戴在手腕上的小电脑。故选C。 74．细节理解题。根据“Many of them can count your steps and tell you how far you have walked. They can also show your heart rate (心率).”可知，智能手表能通过计步和显示心率来助力健康。故选D。 75．词句猜测题。根据“If you forget where you put your phone, the smartwatch can help you find it.”可知，如果你忘了把手机放在哪里，智能手表可以帮你找到它，此处it应指代前面提及的your phone。故选A。 76．词句猜测题。根据“With a smartwatch, you can check the time, of course.”，“Smartwatches are also great for health.”和“The best part is that smartwatches come in different colors and styles (款式).”可知，智能手表能给用户带来各种便利，可猜测划线词convenient的意思是“方便的”。故选B。 Passage 4 (24-25八下·辽宁大连西岗区·期末) ①The World Tourism Organization says that space will soon become a popular place to go on holidays—possibly by 2035. It means the dream of space holidays might soon come true. ②One Japanese company is planning a space holiday centre. It will look like a bicycle wheel and have a hotel for 100 people and a big theme (主题) park. It will travel around the earth at a height of 300 km. The company has high hopes that the space holiday centre will be ready by 2030. The chairman of the company says he thinks that flying to the centre will probably be quicker than flying to Singapore from Hong Kong. When they reach the centre, tourists will take trips to the moon or go for walks in space. What about the cost? Well, the company believes that people will be happy to pay about $100,000 for a trip, but they think that as more people want to go, the trip will become much cheaper. ③The plan of the Japanese company for the space holiday center is really exciting. At the same time, in space tourism, American companies also have very creative ideas. An American hotel group is also thinking of building a hotel called the Lunar Hotel on the moon. Most of the hotel will be under the ground, so it won’t become too hot or too cold. The rooms will look just like the ones on the earth. The guests will eat universe food for lunch. The cooks will just push a button to mix dried food with water, and then it will become a delicious meal! There will be little or no dirt (灰尘) and there won’t be much water, so people can’t wash faces and hands. ④In conclusion, the space tourism plans from Japan and America are truly amazing. They show a super exciting future for us. 77．___________is planning to build a hotel on the moon. A．An American hotel group B．A big theme park C．The World Tourism Organization D．A Japanese company 78．According to the passage, the price of the trip will be lower because___________ A．flying to the centre is faster. B．people are getting richer then. C．the centre will be soon ready. D．more people will join the travel. 79．Most of the Lunar Hotel will be under the ground because they want to___________. A．keep a secret B．keep the guests safe C．keep everything clean D．keep it neither too hot nor too cold 80．How is the text organized?（①=paragraph 1, ②=paragraph 2….）? A． B． C． D． 【答案】77．A 78．D 79．D 80．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空旅游的相关计划，包括日本公司计划建造的太空度假中心和美国酒店集团计划在月球上建造的月球酒店，展望了太空旅游的未来。 77．细节理解题。根据“An American hotel group is also thinking of building a hotel called the Lunar Hotel, on the moon.”可知，一家美国酒店集团计划在月球上建造酒店，故选A。 78．细节理解题。根据“but they think that as more people want to go, the trip will become much cheaper.”可知，旅行价格会降低是因为更多的人会加入旅行，故选D。 79．细节理解题。根据“Most of the hotel will be under the ground, so it won’t become too hot or too cold.”可知，月球酒店的大部分将在地下，是为了保持既不太热也不太冷，故选D。 80．篇章结构题。文章第①段总述太空很快将成为受欢迎的度假地；第②段介绍日本公司的太空度假中心计划；第③段介绍美国公司的月球酒店计划；第④段总结太空旅游计划展现了令人兴奋的未来。结构为总-分-总，故选C。 主题03 人与自我——休闲活动 Passage 1 (24-25八下·辽宁抚顺望花区·期末) Whether you are spending time with family and friends or hoping to catch dinner, fishing is a great way to enjoy outdoors. Here are some tips before you start fishing. Go where the fish are.1.Talk to other fishermen to get some tips on places for fishing. Public lakes, rivers, and ponds (池塘) are your best choices. 2.If you live by the coast (海岸), ocean fishing is also a good choice. You’ll need a license (执照) for ocean fishing. Find out what kinds of fish are in your area. 1.Check the local fishing posts on social media like Douyin. 2.Pay a visit to other fishermen to see the fish they’ve caught. 3.Learn about some general geography knowledge. For example, in the north, argus (黑鱼) and trout (鳟鱼) are very common fish. But asotus (鲶鱼) are only in the south of China. ______________.Most freshwater fish come out to eat at dawn (黎明) and at dusk (黄昏), making sunrise and sunset the most effective (有效率的) fishing hours. 81．What do fishermen need for ocean fishing? A．Live by the coast. B．Get a licence. C．Go with a friend. D．Have a good choice. 82．Which kind of fish is common in the south? A．Argus. B．Trout. C．Salmon. D．Asotus. 83．Which one is the most effective time to fish? A．At dawn. B．At midnight. C．At noon. D．In the morning. 84．Which one is most likely to be the title of the last paragraph? A．How to get a fishing license. B．Choose the right bait (鱼饵). C．Fish at the right time of a day. D．How to choose fishing rods (鱼竿). 【答案】81．B 82．D 83．A 84．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于钓鱼的一些建议。 81．细节理解题。根据“You’ll need a license (执照) for ocean fishing.”可知，出海捕鱼需要执照，故选B。 82．细节理解题。根据“But asotus (鲶鱼) are only in the south of China.”可知，鲶鱼在南方很常见，故选D。 83．细节理解题。根据“Most freshwater fish come out to eat at dawn (黎明) and at dusk (黄昏)”可知，黎明和黄昏是钓鱼的最有效时间，故选A。 84．最佳标题题。根据“Most freshwater fish come out to eat at dawn (黎明) and at dusk (黄昏), making sunrise and sunset the most effective (有效率的) fishing hours.”可知，大多数淡水鱼在黎明和黄昏出来吃东西，所以日出和日落是最有效的捕鱼时间。因此“在适当的时间钓鱼”可作为小标题。故选C。 Passage 2 (24-25八下·辽宁大连高新园区·期末) Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it is better to travel with friends? If you are still deciding, please read on. I will explain the advantages of both ways. One of the greatest things about travelling alone is that you can make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You will be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence. Travelling alone really shows you what you are made of and helps you to discover inner strength you didn’t know you had. Besides, it also gives you time to think, learn and grow. It’s easy to think that travelling alone is lonely. Although that may sometimes be true, you are hardly ever alone. It can provide a chance for you to communicate with the locals and meet travellers from all corners of the world, which may become your most interesting experience. In fact, travelling to know more about the world is not easy. There is research, flight bookings, and choices to deal with, not to mention that things might go wrong. One of the main advantages of travelling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other, even if it’s just someone who will wait with your bag when you go to the bathroom. It’s true that travelling with others can give you a sense of safety, especially if you are new to travel. You know that if you get lost or have your wallet stolen, there’s someone to hold your hand when you try to explain your situation at a foreign police station. There is no right or wrong way to travel—Whether you travel alone or team up with friends, it depends on you. 85．How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage in Paragraph 1? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By asking questions. D．By describing a scene. 86．What does the underlined word “influence” mean in Chinese? A．影响 B．鼓励 C．想念 D．交流 87．Travelling with friends has the following advantages EXCEPT ______. A．sharing a lot of things B．knowing yourself better C．getting support easily D．having a sense of safety 88．Which is the main idea of the passage? A．The advantages of travelling alone. B．The advantages of travelling with friends. C．The advantages of travelling alone and travelling with friends. D．The advantages and disadvantages of making a travel plan. 【答案】85．C 86．A 87．B 88．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了独自旅行和与朋友旅行各自的优势，指出两种旅行方式没有对错之分，取决于个人选择。 85．推理判断题。根据“Do you like to travel alone? Or do you think it is better to travel with friends?”可知，作者通过提问的方式引入文章主题。故选C。 86．词句猜测题。根据“One of the greatest things about travelling alone is that you can make the rules about where you go and what you eat. You will be surprised at what you discover about yourself without any influence.”可知，独自旅行时可以自己决定去何处、吃什么，不受他人影响，由此可推测“influence”意为“影响”。故选A。 87．细节理解题。根据“One of the main advantages of travelling with friends is being able to share these things and support each other”以及“It’s true that travelling with others can give you a sense of safety”可知，和朋友旅行的优势包括分享事物、获得支持、有安全感，而“knowing yourself better”是独自旅行的优势。故选B。 88．主旨大意题。根据“I will explain the advantages of both ways.”以及后文分别阐述独自旅行和与朋友旅行的优势可知，文章主要讲了独自旅行和与朋友旅行的好处。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $