专题03 完形填空（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦语篇类型分类训练，精选上海名校期末真题，系统覆盖说明文、议论文、记叙文核心考法，强化语境词汇与逻辑推理能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文|5篇（晋元高级等校）|事实细节、逻辑衔接题为主|以客观说明为框架，考查术语辨析与因果关系推导| |议论文|3篇（复旦附中等校）|观点态度、论证结构题突出|围绕论点展开，需辨析论据与结论的逻辑关联| |记叙文|5篇（青浦高级等校）|情节发展、情感线索题核心|依托叙事脉络，考查语境词义与人物心理推断|

专题03 完形填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（5篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市晋元高级中学） Cyclists in Copenhagen, Denmark, pedal an estimated 1.4 million kilometers per weekday, not just for environmental reasons, but because it’s the easiest way to cross the city. 1 by the area’s naturally flat terrain (地形), officials have built an infrastructure that encourages and rewards cycling. The city has 380 kilometers of dedicated bike 2 , which are a minimum of 2.2 meters wide in each direction and separated from the road and pavement on either side, 3 are synchronizes (同步) with the average speed of cyclists to keep cycle traffic flowing, and have a “pre-green” light to give cyclists a five-second head-start over cars at crossings. Cyclists also benefit from cyclist — only bridges and superhighways that 4 traffic-light-free travel between the city centre and neighbouring towns. “Our main principle is physical 5 ; paint is not enough,” says Marie Kastrup, head of Copenhagen’s Bicycle Program. “You have to put yourself in the mind of someone who is not a(n) 6 cyclist.” City planners elsewhere are 7 Copenhagen as they encourage cycling in their fight against congested roads and carbon emissions. In 2019, New York passed laws requiring 400 more kilometers of protected bicycle lanes (bike lanes that are 8 separated from traffic) to be built over five years, and London’s protected cycling infrastructure has doubled in size since 2016. Oslo has uprooted large sections of the city to imitate Copenhagen’s design in 9 cycle lanes, and bike trips in Seville, Spain, multiplied 11-fold. Besides the efforts made by cities with flat terrain, Lisbon has shown that cycling can even work in 10 cities, thanks to carefully planned routes and electric bike rental. “The bike is not an over-hyped, new technology like the autonomous car, and we are seeing more cities making it work in different 11 ,” James Thoem, an urban planner at Copenhagennize Design Co., says. For people to 12 , Thoem says, they must feel “safe across the whole journey — not just corridors here and there.” He describes some current cycle schemes as like a subway network with 13 lines in different areas of the city: “Nobody would use this, because it wouldn’t take them anywhere,” he says. 14 are often raised to the installation of cycle routes because they are perceived to be reducing the limited amount of road space for drivers. Dedring, a global transport leader, says that a cultural shift within agencies may need to happen to encourage cycling. “For public transport agencies, people moving on buses and trains is a source of fare revenue (收益), 15 walking and cycling can be seen as a direct threat because it’s free and hence doesn’t generate fare revenue,” she says. 1．A．Persuaded B．Occupied C．Challenged D．Assisted 2．A．parkings B．lanes C．stores D．trips 3．A．Traffic lights B．Police officers C．Road conditions D．Bicycle lanes 4．A．prevent B．connect C．provide D．shorten 5．A．health B．warning C．benefit D．separation 6．A．social B．independent C．confident D．urban 7．A．looking to B．differentiated from C．opposed to D．competing with 8．A．visually B．cautiously C．temporarily D．physically 9．A．marking B．accommodating C．preserving D．evaluating 10．A．modernized B．flat C．hilly D．historic 11．A．contexts B．periods C．directions D．journeys 12．A．benefit B．socialize C．commute D．cycle 13．A．complex B．disconnected C．insecure D．unrealistic 14．A．Objections B．Proposals C．Expenses D．Plans 15．A．and thus B．because C．but D．unless 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】主要介绍哥本哈根凭借平坦地形构建完善的自行车基础设施，鼓励民众骑行，此模式被众多城市效仿，同时阐述推广自行车道建设所面临的问题及文化转变的必要性。 1．考查动词。句意：在该地区天然平坦地形的助力下，官员们打造了鼓励并支持骑行的基础设施。A. Persuaded说服；B. Occupied占据；C. Challenged挑战；D. Assisted协助，帮助。根据后文“by the area's naturally flat terrain (地形), officials have built an infrastructure that encourages and rewards cycling.”可知，平坦地形起到协助作用。 2．考查名词。句意：这座城市有380公里专用自行车道，每个方向至少2.2米宽，与道路和两侧人行道分隔开来。A. parkings停车场；B. lanes车道；C. stores商店；D. trips旅行。根据下文“which are a minimum of 2.2 meters wide in each direction and separated from the road and pavement on either side ”对其宽度及与道路、人行道关系的描述，可判断这里指自行车道。 3．考查名词短语。句意：交通信号灯与自行车平均速度同步，以保持自行车交通顺畅，并且在十字路口有“预绿灯”，让自行车比汽车提前五秒出发。A. Traffic lights交通信号灯；B. Police officers警察；C. Road conditions路况；D. Bicycle lanes自行车道。结合“synchronizes (同步) with the average speed of cyclists”以及“pre-green”等关键信息，可知这里描述的是交通信号灯。 4．考查动词。句意：骑自行车的人还受益于专为自行车设置的桥梁和高速公路，这些设施提供了市中心与邻近城镇之间无红绿灯的通行。A. prevent阻止；B. connect连接；C. provide提供；D. shorten缩短。根据后文“traffic-light-free travel between the city centre and neighbouring towns”可知，这些专为自行车设置的设施为骑行者带来了无红绿灯通行的便利，也就是提供了这样的条件。 5．考查名词。句意：哥本哈根自行车项目负责人玛丽·卡斯楚普说：“我们的主要原则是物理隔离；仅仅刷漆是不够的。”A. health健康；B. warning警告；C. benefit益处；D. separation隔离。根据后文“paint is not enough”以及前文提及自行车道与其他区域分隔的内容，可判断主要原则是物理隔离。 6．考查形容词。句意：你必须站在一个缺乏自信的骑行者的角度思考。A. social社交的；B. independent独立的；C. confident自信的；D. urban城市的。根据前文“put yourself in the mind of someone”以及前文强调的物理隔离对骑行者安全保障可知，这里是要从可能不那么自信的骑行者角度考虑，让他们觉得安全。 7．考查动词短语。句意：其他地方的城市规划者在鼓励骑行以应对拥堵道路和碳排放问题时，都在看向哥本哈根。A. looking to看向，指望；B. differentiated from与……区分；C. opposed to反对；D. competing with与……竞争。根据后文“as they encourage cycling in their fight against congested roads and carbon emissions.”多地效仿哥本哈根模式可知，其他城市规划者在解决相关问题时参考哥本哈根的做法。 8．考查副词。句意：2019年，纽约通过法律，要求在五年内再建设400多公里受保护的自行车道（与交通物理分隔的自行车道）。A. visually视觉上；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. physically物理上。根据前文“Our main principle is physical”哥本哈根自行车道物理隔离的模式以及这里对受保护自行车道的解释，可知是物理分隔，所以选D。 9．考查动词。句意：奥斯陆拆除了城市的大片区域，以模仿哥本哈根的设计来容纳自行车道，西班牙塞维利亚的自行车出行量增长了11倍。A. marking标记；B. accommodating容纳；C. preserving保护；D. evaluating评估。根据前文“Oslo has uprooted large sections of the city to imitate Copenhagen's design”可知是为了给自行车道腾出空间，也就是容纳自行车道。 10．考查形容词。句意：除了地势平坦的城市所做的努力，里斯本表明，多亏精心规划的路线和电动自行车租赁，在多山的城市骑行也可行。A. modernized现代化的；B. flat平坦的；C. hilly多山的；D. historic有历史意义的。与前文“cities with flat terrain”形成对比，说明即使地势不是平坦的多山城市，通过一些措施骑行也能实现。 11．考查名词。句意：“自行车不像自动驾驶汽车那样是一种被过度炒作的新技术，我们看到更多城市在不同背景下让它发挥作用，”哥本哈根设计公司的城市规划师詹姆斯·托姆说。A. contexts背景；B. periods时期；C. directions方向；D. journeys旅程。这里指不同城市基于自身不同情况让自行车在交通中发挥作用，也就是不同背景。 12．考查动词。句意：托姆说，为了让人们选择骑自行车，他们必须“在整个旅程中都感到安全——而不仅仅是这里或那里的走廊。”A. benefit受益；B. socialize社交；C. commute通勤；D. cycle骑自行车。根据前文“Cyclists in Copenhagen, Denmark, pedal an estimated 1.4 million kilometers per weekday,”可知，文章围绕鼓励人们骑行展开，这里说的是让人们愿意选择骑自行车出行。 13．考查形容词。句意：他将目前的一些自行车道规划描述为就像城市不同区域的地铁线路互不相连：“没人会使用这个，因为它无法带他们去任何地方，”他说。A. complex复杂的；B. disconnected不相连的；C. insecure不安全的；D. unrealistic不现实的。根据后文“it wouldn't take them anywhere”可知，这些线路无法将人们带到想去的地方，说明是不相连的。 14．考查名词。句意：人们常常对自行车道的设置提出反对意见，因为他们认为这减少了司机有限的道路空间。A. Objections反对；B. Proposals提议；C. Expenses费用；D. Plans计划。根据后文“because it’s perceived to be reducing the limited amount of road space for drivers”可知人们因觉得减少了司机道路空间而对设置自行车道持反对态度。 15．考查连词。句意：“对于公共交通机构来说，乘坐公交车和火车的人是票价收入的来源，但步行和骑自行车可能被视为直接威胁，因为它们是免费的，因此不会产生票价收入，”她说。A. and thus因此；B. because因为；C. but但是；D. unless除非。前面说公交和火车能带来收益，后面说步行和骑行因免费被视为威胁。前后句是转折关系。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市七宝中学） For all the talk of dogs and humans being best friends, sometimes representatives of the two species just don’t click. Giving up an unsuitable family pet can be heartbreaking, but, if the animal is an expensive working dog, it can also be financially ruinous. Guide dogs, for example, can cost up to $50,000 to train, but about a third are returned because they don’t click with their allocated owner. To cut down on the number of 16 , researchers in Germany are trying to develop more harmonious pooch-person relationships. Their work towards that goal has now confirmed what many dog-owners already suspect, and what some may be 17 to admit: dogs really do look like their humans. More relevant to the quest for lasting friendships, they have similar 18 too. “We are interested in understanding what makes a good dog-owner match and to find out how we can find the right dog for a person,” says Yana Bender, a PhD student at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena. “To do that, we first need to establish the status quo(现状): are dogs and their owners 19 more similar or more different?” Writing in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, Ms Bender and her colleagues have reviewed the 20 evidence to show how the similarities show through. One domain concerns physical appearance. While it might sound barking, numerous studies in recent decades have shown that people really can match pictures of dogs to their owners more often and more 21 than would be possible with guesswork alone. Some sources of similarity are clear: women with short hair tend to own dogs with short ears, for example, while those with long hair tend to 22 long-eared breeds. People with higher body-mass-indices also tend to have more overweight dogs. Other connections are less 23 , as shown by research revealing dogs and owners can be correctly 24 from pictures in which only their eyes are visible. A similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well, with owners’ personality traits 25 in the way their dogs behave. 26 owners have dogs that are more nervous around strangers, neurotics are more likely to pair with aggressive pets and conscientious people own dogs that are more motivated and easier to train. Owners of breeds classed as dangerous, such as the 27 XL Bully, rate themselves higher on traits like sensation-seeking and psychopathy. What is going on? Psychologists have known for decades that humans place more 28 on relationships with people that look and behave like them, and the same seems to 29 dogs. Women with short hair rate short-eared breeds such as the Siberian Husky and Basenji as friendlier and more intelligent. Long-haired women think the same about Beagles and Springer Spaniels. The phenomenon of matching personalities appears to be more complex than that of matching looks. 30 people simply selecting a dog they believe matches their personality, the moods and behaviour of the owner could influence and shape the dog over time—and to a lesser extent, vice versa. Being around less confident people, for example, could make a dog more nervous, while having an anxious dog can exacerbate an owner’s worries. 16．A．mistakes B．mismatches C．misconceptions D．misfortunes 17．A．ready B．anxious C．confident D．reluctant 18．A．personalities B．appearances C．preferences D．tastes 19．A．especially B．coincidentally C．generally D．previously 20．A．adaptable B．acceptable C．available D．additional 21．A．randomly B．reliably C．regretfully D．respectively 22．A．introduce B．dislike C．improve D．favor 23．A．obvious B．complicated C．indirect D．vague 24．A．trained B．restricted C．paired D．navigated 25．A．recorded B．mirrored C．rewarded D．mastered 26．A．Extroverted B．Intelligent C．Careful D．Introverted 27．A．friendly B．notorious C．remarkable D．peculiar 28．A．value B．performance C．strength D．advantage 29．A．refer to B．react to C．subject to D．apply to 30．A．In particular B．Or rather C．Rather than D．In response 【答案】 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．C 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了德国研究人员为了减少人与宠物狗之间的不匹配现象，正在研究如何建立更和谐的人狗关系。研究发现，人与狗在外貌和性格上有相似之处，而且人的情绪和行为也可能影响并塑造狗的性格。这些发现有助于人们更好地理解人与狗之间的匹配关系，并为人选择合适的宠物狗提供了参考。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减少不匹配的数量，德国的研究人员正在努力发展更和谐的人狗关系。A. mistakes错误；B. mismatches不匹配；C. misconceptions误解；D. misfortunes不幸。根据上文“Giving up an unsuitable family pet can be heartbreaking, but, if the animal is an expensive working dog, it can also be financially ruinous”（放弃一个不适合的家庭宠物可能令人心碎，但如果宠物是一只昂贵的工作犬，也可能造成经济上的毁灭）可知，为了减少人与宠物狗之间的不匹配，德国的研究人员正在研究更和谐的人狗关系。故选B项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们朝着这个目标所做的工作已经证实了许多养狗人已经怀疑的事情，以及一些人可能不情愿承认的事情：狗看起来真的和它们的主人很像。A. ready准备好的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. confident自信的；D. reluctant不情愿的。根据上文“their work towards that goal has now confirmed what many dog-owners already suspect”（他们为实现这一目标所做的工作现在证实了许多狗主人已经怀疑的事情）可知，他们的研究已经证实了许多养狗人已经怀疑的事情，即人与狗在外貌上有相似之处，这是有些人可能不愿意承认的。故选D项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在寻求持久友谊方面，他们也有相似的性格。A. personalities性格；B. appearances外貌；C. preferences偏好；D. tastes品味。根据后文“a similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well, with owners’ personality traits”（类似的亲和力偏见也可能对无形特征起作用，包括主人的性格特征）可知，除了外貌上的相似，人与狗在性格等不可见的特征上也有相似之处。故选A项。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了做到这一点，我们首先需要确定现状：狗和它们的主人一般来说更相似还是更不同？A. especially尤其；B. coincidentally巧合地；C. generally一般地；D. previously以前。根据后文“more similar or more different”可知，此处是在询问狗和它们的主人一般来说是更相似还是更不同，应用generally。故选C项。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在《个性和个体差异》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，本德女士和她的同事回顾了现有的证据，以证明这种相似性是如何表现出来的。A. adaptable可适应的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. available可获得的，现有的；D. additional额外的。根据后文“evidence to show how the similarities show through”可知，此处是指为了证明这种相似性是如何表现出来的，他们回顾了现有的证据。故选C项。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这听起来可能有些牵强，但近几十年的众多研究表明，人们真的能更频繁、更可靠地将狗的图片与它们的主人的图片匹配起来，而仅仅靠猜测是不可能的。A. randomly随机地；B. reliably可靠地；C. regretfully遗憾地；D. respectively分别地。根据上文“One domain concerns physical appearance”可知，此处是在说明外貌上的相似性，即人们能更可靠地将狗的图片与它们的主人的图片匹配起来。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些相似性的来源是显而易见的：例如，短发的女性往往拥有短耳朵的狗，而长发的女性往往喜欢长耳朵的品种。A. introduce介绍；B. dislike不喜欢；C. improve提高；D. favor喜欢。根据上文“women with short hair tend to own dogs with short ears”可知，短发女性往往拥有短耳朵的狗，此处与之并列，指的是长发女性往往喜欢长耳朵的狗品种。故选D项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他联系就不那么明显了，有研究表明，仅从眼睛可见的图片中，就能正确地将狗和主人配对。A. obvious明显的；B. complicated复杂的；C. indirect间接的；D. vague模糊的。根据上文“Some sources of similarity are clear”可知，上文提到了一些明显的相似性来源，此处指其他联系就不那么明显了。故选A项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他联系就不那么明显了，有研究表明，仅从眼睛可见的图片中，就能正确地将狗和主人配对。A. trained训练；B. restricted限制；C. paired配对；D. navigated导航。根据后文“from pictures in which only their eyes are visible”可知，此处是指仅通过眼睛就能正确地将狗和主人配对。故选C项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在不可见的特征上也可能存在类似的亲和力偏差，主人的性格特征在狗的行为中得到反映。A. recorded记录；B. mirrored反映；C. rewarded奖励；D. mastered掌握。根据上文“a similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well”可知，在不可见的特征上也存在亲和力偏差，即主人的性格特征在狗的行为中得到反映。故选B项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：内向的主人养的狗在陌生人面前更紧张，神经质的人更可能搭配攻击性宠物，有责任心的人养的狗更有动力，也更容易训练。A. Extroverted外向的；B. Intelligent聪明的；C. Careful小心的；D. Introverted内向的。根据后文“dogs that are more nervous around strangers”可知，此处是指内向的主人在陌生人面前更紧张，所以养的狗也会更紧张。故选D项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：养被列为危险品种狗的主人，比如臭名昭著的美国恶霸犬，他们在寻求刺激和精神变态等特质上给自己的评分更高。A. friendly友好的；B. notorious臭名昭著的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. peculiar奇怪的。根据上文“breeds classed as dangerous”可知，此处是指被列为危险品种的狗，应用notorious突出名声不好。故选B项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家几十年来就知道，人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系，而狗似乎也是如此。A. value价值；B. performance表现；C. strength力量；D. advantage优势。根据后文“on relationships with people that look and behave like them”可知，此处是指人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系。place value on“重视”。故选A项。 29．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：心理学家几十年来就知道，人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系，而狗似乎也是如此。A. refer to参考；B. react to对……作出反应；C. subject to易遭受；D. apply to适用于。根据上文“Psychologists have known for decades that humans place more  ____13____  on relationships with people that look and behave like them,”及后文“dogs”可知，此处是指狗似乎也是这样，即人类更看重与外表和行为相似的人的关系这一规律同样适用于狗。故选D项。 30．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：与其说是人们只是选择了一只他们认为与自己性格相匹配的狗，不如说主人的情绪和行为可能会随着时间的推移影响并塑造狗——反之亦然，但程度较轻。A. In particular尤其；B. Or rather更确切地说；C. Rather than而不是；D. In response作为回应。根据后文“the moods and behaviour of the owner could influence and shape the dog over time”可知，此处是在说与其说是人们选择狗，不如说是主人的情绪和行为影响狗，应用rather than强调对比。故选C项。 Passage 3 （2026 上海市静安区） Why Do People Like Bubble Wrap So Much? It pads. It protects. And, best of all, it pops! That’s right, today we’re talking about everyone’s favorite packing material. Bubble wrap! Have you ever had the pleasure of popping the small air-filled bubbles that 31 a sheet of bubble wrap? If so, you know there’s something highly satisfying about it. Have you ever wondered why popping them is so much fun? Why do people like bubble wrap? It turns out that there is some 32 behind the human connection to bubble wrap. Some experts believe it’s similar to the 33 to fidget. Fidgeting refers to unconscious movements people make to reduce stress or maintain focus. Do you click a pen or bounce your leg while you’re listening? Maybe you like to doodle in the corners of your notes or 34 a stress ball. These small actions are all types of fidgeting. While some people think fidgeting is 35 , it’s actually been shown to increase attention span. It also 36 with the retention of information. Similarly, a study revealed that people report feeling more 37 after popping bubble wrap. The results also showed that people who popped bubble wrap were calmer afterward than those who did not. So, like fidgeting, popping bubble wrap may increase people’s 38 to pay attention and remember what they learn. Experts also say the enjoyment of bubble wrap may be tied to human evolution. In other words, your brain is 39 to enjoy it! Early humans had to be on their toes all the time. They needed to be ready to run from a predator at a moment’s 40 . Today, people spend a lot of time sitting, 41 at school and at work. As a result, the body may build a lot of muscle tension for 42 of movement. Popping bubble wrap helps 43 that muscle tension. It reduces stress and anxiety. 44 , studies have shown that, sometimes, the human brain receives feel-good chemicals like dopamine after popping bubble wrap. So that may be why it feels so satisfying! Do you have any creative ways to use bubble wrap? Or would you rather just have fun popping it? Either way, this fun fidget item isn’t 45 anytime soon. So pop away! 31．A．cover up B．consist of C．fill out D．make up 32．A．science B．misunderstanding C．mystery D．agreement 33．A．chance B．need C．right D．aim 34．A．spot B．squeeze C．apply D．release 35．A．shocking B．amusing C．distracting D．convincing 36．A．contrasts B．helps C．changes D．interacts 37．A．panic B．restless C．alert D．upset 38．A．range B．status C．distress D．ability 39．A．wired B．arranged C．allowed D．challenged 40．A．rest B．reminder C．notice D．hesitation 41．A．nearly B．specially C．especially D．roughly 42．A．excess B．lack C．rhythm D．pattern 43．A．relax B．blame C．strengthen D．explore 44．A．Instead B．In other words C．By contrast D．In fact 45．A．approaching B．disappearing C．measuring D．developing 【答案】 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．C 41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从科学角度分析了人们喜欢气泡膜及其挤压气泡行为的原因，包括与“坐立不安”行为的相似性、人类进化的影响，以及挤压气泡对缓解肌肉紧张和释放愉悦化学物质的作用。 31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你有没有过挤压一张泡泡纸上充满空气的小气泡的乐趣？A. cover up掩盖；B. consist of由……组成；C. fill out填写；D. make up构成。根据后文“a sheet of bubble wrap”可知，小气泡构成了泡泡纸。故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，人类对泡泡纸的喜爱背后有一些科学依据。A. science科学；B. misunderstanding误解；C. mystery神秘；D. agreement同意。根据后文“Some experts believe it’s similar to the 　　3　　 to fidget.”可知，专家对此的解释是基于科学的。故选A项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些专家认为，这类似于人们坐立不安的需求。A. chance机会；B. need需求；C. right权利；D. aim目标。根据后文“Fidgeting refers to unconscious movements people make to reduce stress or maintain focus.”可知，坐立不安是人们为了缓解压力或保持专注的需求。故选B项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许你喜欢在笔记的角落里涂鸦，或者挤压减压球。A. spot发现；B. squeeze挤压；C. apply应用；D. release释放。根据前文“Do you click a pen or bounce your leg while you’re listening?”可知，这些都是坐立不安的表现，挤压压力球也是其中之一。故选B项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然有些人认为坐立不安会分散注意力，但事实上，它已被证明可以延长注意力持续时间。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. amusing有趣的；C. distracting分散注意力的；D. convincing有说服力的。根据后文“it’s actually been shown to increase attention span”可知，虽然有人认为坐立不安会分散注意力，但实际上它能增加注意力持续时间。故选C项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还有助于信息的保留。A. contrasts对比；B. helps帮助；C. changes改变；D. interacts互动。根据前文“While some people think fidgeting is 　　5　　, it’s actually been shown to increase attention span.”可知，坐立不安对注意力和信息保留有积极作用，“帮助”符合语境。故选B项。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究显示，人们在挤压泡泡纸后感觉更加警觉。A. panic恐慌的；B. restless不安的；C. alert警觉的；D. upset沮丧的。根据后文“The results also showed that people who popped bubble wrap were calmer afterward than those who did not.”可知，挤压泡泡纸带来积极情绪，“警觉”与注意力提升对应。故选C项。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，就像坐立不安一样，挤压泡泡纸可能会提高人们集中注意力和记住所学内容的能力。A. range范围；B. status地位；C. distress痛苦；D. ability能力。根据前文“While some people think fidgeting is 　　5　　, it’s actually been shown to increase attention span.”和“It also 　　6　　 with the retention of information. Similarly, a study”可知，此处指提升“能力”。故选D项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，你的大脑天生就喜欢它！A. wired倾向；B. arranged安排；C. allowed允许；D. challenged挑战。根据前文“Experts also say the enjoyment of bubble wrap may be tied to human evolution.”可知，人类进化使得大脑天生喜欢捏泡泡纸。故选A项。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们需要随时准备好从捕食者手中逃脱。A. rest休息；B. reminder提醒；C. notice通知、瞬间注意；D. hesitation犹豫。根据前文“Early humans had to be on their toes all the time.”可知，早期人类需要随时准备逃离危险，“at a moment’s notice”意为“立即，随时”。故选C项。 41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，人们花很多时间坐着，尤其是在学校和工作中。A. nearly几乎；B. specially特别地；C. especially尤其；D. roughly粗略地。根据前文“people spend a lot of time sitting”可知，尤其是在学校和工作时人们久坐。故选C项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，身体可能会因为缺乏运动而积累大量肌肉紧张。A. excess过量；B. lack缺乏；C. rhythm节奏；D. pattern模式。根据前文“people spend a lot of time sitting”可知，久坐导致缺乏运动，从而积累肌肉紧张。故选B项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：挤压泡泡纸有助于缓解肌肉紧张。A. relax放松；缓解；B. blame责备；C. strengthen加强；D. explore探索。根据“It reduces stress and anxiety.”可知，挤压泡泡纸能减轻压力，“缓解肌肉紧张”是其具体作用。故选A项。 44．考查短语辨析。句意：事实上，研究表明，有时人类大脑在挤压泡泡纸后会收到多巴胺等让人感觉良好的化学物质。A. Instead相反；B. In other words换句话说；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In fact事实上。后文通过研究结果进一步论证前文观点，“事实上”用于引出具体证据。故选D项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这种有趣的解压物品短期内不会消失。A. approaching接近；B. disappearing消失；C. measuring测量；D. developing发展。根据前文“Do you have any creative ways to use bubble wrap? Or would you rather just have fun popping it?”可知，泡泡纸有多种用途，不会很快消失。故选B项。 Passage 4 （2026 上海市进才中学） Ultra-Processed Food Could Be Taking Years off Your Life They’re cheap, convenient, and engineered to taste oddly delicious — but new research suggests that eating a diet high in ultra-processed food could quietly increase your risk of dying years earlier than expected. A massive international study published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from more than 240,000 adults across eight countries and found a clear 46 between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death. Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be 47 to these types of foods. “The findings support that ultra-processed food 48 contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease in many countries,” the researchers wrote, adding that reducing these foods should be part of public health policy. That might sound 49 , but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years. Ultra-processed foods — packaged items loaded with additives, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives — 50 about 70% of the modern food supply. That includes chips, sodas, frozen meals, sugary cereals, protein bars, and even many items that look healthy on the surface. “These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves,” said dietitian Scott Keatley, R. D．, explaining that they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor, not 51 . Beyond the lack of vitamins or fiber, ultra-processed foods tend to 52 out whole foods that actually support health. According to Keatley, this dietary shift 53 the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. “Over time, the cumulative (累积的) damage can 54 years off a lifespan,” he said, “especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable.” That doesn’t mean you have to live on kale (羽衣甘蓝) and salmon forever. Dietitian Jessica Cording, R. D．, recommends a balanced 85/15 55 . This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for 56 processed options. “It’s not 57 that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death,” she said. “But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.” Even within the ultra-processed 58 , some choices are better than others. A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries. But nutritionists agree: chips, soda, and frozen desserts shouldn't be your main dietary 59 . 60 , what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health. 46．A．contrast B．sign C．fault D．connection 47．A．attributed B．submitted C．distributed D．restricted 48．A．production B．intake C．transport D．storage 49．A．dramatic B．appealing C．selective D．established 50．A．put up B．bring up C．make up D．push up 51．A．calorie B．nutrition C．contribution D．satisfaction 52．A．crowd B．run C．burn D．work 53．A．maps B．marks C．raises D．ruins 54．A．add B．drive C．pick D．shave 55．A．conclusion B．procedure C．gap D．approach 56．A．occasional B．multiple C．complex D．eventual 57．A．originally B．deliberately C．practically D．essentially 58．A．schedule B．category C．reach D．program 59．A．requests B．channels C．characters D．directions 60．A．In turn B．After all C．To conclude D．On purpose 【答案】 46．D 47．A 48．B 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．D 55．D 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，食用大量超加工食品可能会增加早逝风险，营养专家建议以全食物为主，适量摄入加工食品，并指出长期饮食习惯对健康有决定性影响。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周发表在《美国预防医学杂志》上的一项大规模国际研究分析了来自八个国家的24万多名成年人的数据，发现饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在明显联系。A. contrast对比；B. sign迹象；C. fault错误；D. connection联系。根据下文“Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths —  defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be ____2____ to these types of foods.”可知，研究人员估计，在美国，30岁至69岁之间的所有早逝者中，多达14%的早逝可归因于超加工食品，由此可知，研究中发现了饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在明显的“联系”。故选D项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，研究人员估计，在美国，30岁至69岁之间的所有早逝者中，多达14%的早逝可归因于这些类型的食品。A. attributed归因于；B. submitted提交；C. distributed分配；D. restricted限制。根据上文“a clear ____1____ between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death”可知，饮食中超加工食品含量高与早逝之间存在着联系，由此可知，此处指的是多达14%的早逝可“归因于”超加工食品。故选A项。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员写道：“这些发现支持了超加工食品的摄入导致了许多国家疾病负担的加重。”，并补充说，减少这些食品的摄入应该是公共卫生政策的一部分。A. production生产；B. intake摄入；C. transport运输；D. storage储存。根据下文“reducing these foods should be part of public health policy”可知，减少超加工食品的摄入应该是公共卫生政策的一部分，由此可知，此处指的是超加工食品的“摄入”对疾病负担有显著影响。故选B项。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来可能很夸张，但与营养专家多年来的说法是一致的。A. dramatic夸张的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. selective选择性的；D. established已确立的。根据下文“but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years.”可知，这与营养专家多年来的说法是一致的，结合表示转折关系的“but”可知，此处指的是这听起来可能很“夸张”。故选A项。 50．考查动词短语辨析。句意：超加工食品 —— 添加了添加剂、调味增强剂、稳定剂和防腐剂的包装食品 —— 约占现代食品供应的70%。A. put up搭建；B. bring up提出；C. make up组成，占（比例）；D. push up提高。根据下文“about 70% of the modern food supply”可知，此处指的是超加工食品约“占”现代食品供应的70%。故选C项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养师Scott Keatley解释说：“这些食物在自然界中肯定是不存在的”，并解释说，它们是为了保质期和令人上瘾的味道而设计的，而不是为了营养。A. calorie卡路里；B. nutrition营养；C. contribution贡献；D. satisfaction满意。根据上文“These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves”以及“they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor”可知，超加工食品为保质期和成瘾性口味而设计，而非“营养”。故选B项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了缺乏维生素或纤维外，超加工食品往往会排挤掉真正有益健康的天然食品。A. crowd挤满；B. run跑；C. burn燃烧；D. work工作。根据下文“According to Keatley, this dietary shift ____8____ the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes.”可知，这种饮食转变会增加患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险，而这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关，由此可知，此处指的是超加工食品往往会“排挤掉”真正有益健康的天然食品。故选A项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Keatley表示，这种饮食转变会增加患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险，而这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关。A. maps绘制地图；B. marks标记；C. raises提高；D. ruins毁坏。根据下文“factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes”可知，这些因素都与心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病有关，由此可知，此处指的是这种饮食转变会“增加”患慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗、内脏脂肪堆积和DNA损伤的风险。故选C项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“随着时间的推移，累积的损害可能会缩短寿命，尤其是对于那些代谢功能已经较弱的人来说。”A. add增加；B. drive驾驶；C. pick挑选；D. shave剃须，削减。根据上文“the cumulative (累积的) damage”以及下文“especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable”可知，累积的损害对代谢功能已经较弱的人来说，可能会“缩短”寿命。故选D项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：营养师Jessica Cording建议采取平衡的85/15饮食方法。A. conclusion结论；B. procedure程序；C. gap缺口；D. approach方法。根据下文的“This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for ____11____ processed options.”可知，这意味着主要吃天然食品，同时仍然为偶尔的加工食品留出空间，由此可知，此处指的是营养师Jessica Cording建议采取平衡的85/15饮食“方法”。故选D项。 56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这意味着主要吃天然食品，同时仍然为偶尔的加工食品留出空间。A. occasional偶尔的；B. multiple多个的；C. complex复杂的；D. eventual最终的。根据上文“This means eating mostly whole foods”以及下文“It’s not ____12____ that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death”可知，主要吃天然食品，但这些食物并不是早逝的必然原因，由此可知，此处指的是仍然为“偶尔的”加工食品留出空间。故选A项。 57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“这些食物本质上并不是早逝的必然原因。”A. originally最初；B. deliberately故意地；C. practically实际上；D. essentially本质上。根据下文“But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.”可知，但更像是因为它们而发生了一些事情，由此可知，此处指的是这些食物“本质上”并不是早逝的必然原因。故选D项。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在超加工食品类别中，有些选择也比其他选择更好。A. schedule时间表；B. category类别；C. reach范围；D. program程序。根据下文“A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries.”可知，营养强化的植物奶或低糖蛋白棒比一袋糖霜糕点要好得多，由此可知，此处指的是即使在超加工食品“类别”中，有些选择也比其他选择更好。故选B项。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但营养学家一致认为：薯片、苏打水和冷冻甜点不应该是你饮食的主要角色。A. requests请求；B. channels频道；C. characters角色，特征；D. directions方向。根据上文“some choices are better than others”以及“A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries”可知，即使在超加工食品类别中，有些选择也比其他选择更好，由此可知，此处指的是薯片、苏打水和冷冻甜点不应该是你饮食的主要“角色”。故选C项。 60．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，你经常吃的东西 —— 而不是偶尔吃的东西 —— 才是最终决定你长期健康状况的因素。A. In turn依次；B. After all毕竟；C. To conclude总之；D. On purpose故意地。根据下文的“what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health.”以及上文内容可知，这里是对上文的转折性总结，即“毕竟”长期健康由日常饮食决定。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2026 上海市上海交通大学附属中学） A great deal of what is taught in a university environment is theory and not fact. Although 61 actual evidence, the majority of thinking is conclusions that writers and researches have drawn from their analysis of relevant data. Writers and researchers 62 ideas about what is going on in the world and then research evidence to support or challenge these ideas. 63 , academic debate is founded on an exchange of ideas or theories. If one person puts forward an idea or theory, then other people will often put forward 64 . When you as a student writer/researcher enter a debate, you become part of this ongoing discussion contributing to the body of knowledge surrounding the issue under discussion. For example, Piaget’s and Donaldson’s views 65 on how children develop. Piaget proposed that children’s thinking does not develop entirely smoothly. 66 , there are certain points at which it takes off and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. Piaget saw these transitions as taking place at about 18months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that 67 these ages children are not capable of understanding concepts and/or ideas in certain ways. Piaget’s proposal has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. On the other hand, Donaldson’s theory focuses on the concept of embedded (嵌入式的) and disembedded thinking. Thinking that is placed in a familiar context makes “human” sense and is more easily understood by children who are able to 68 with it. When children are asked to do something outside their limits of human sense—that is, when something is 69 —their thinking is disembedded and it fails to make sense. Donaldson challenged Piaget’s theory of children having a 70 on their thinking. She encouraged practioners, like teachers, to 71 what children are able to do rather than focusing on the things they cannot do. She believed that in order to educate young children effectively, practitioners must decentre and try to present things from 72 point of view. What this means for you is that, while there is often a(n) 73 viewpoint on a particular issue, there will be other viewpoints that you can explore and analyze through literature. To be able to think critically, you must be willing to question your own views and be 74 the ideas and views of others. You also need to be confident enough to recognize that just because something is in print does not mean it is 75 . 61．A．prepared for B．devoted to C．measured by D．based on 62．A．suggest B．confirm C．abandon D．appreciate 63．A．As usual B．Above all C．In detail D．In fact 64．A．proofs B．alternatives C．plans D．solutions 65．A．depend B．differ C．insist D．agree 66．A．Instead B．Nevertheless C．Consequently D．Meanwhile 67．A．between B．after C．before D．at 68．A．leave B．grow C．reason D．stick 69．A．unfamiliar B．uninteresting C．insensible D．independent 70．A．focus B．ceiling C．suggestion D．conclusion 71．A．take over B．make up C．put aside D．seek out 72．A．a parent’s B．a teacher’s C．a child’s D．an expert’s 73．A．opposing B．original C．dominant D．defensive 74．A．good for B．particular about C．satisfied with D．open to 75．A．unique B．true C．typical D．clear 【答案】 61．D 62．A 63．D 64．B 65．B 66．A 67．C 68．C 69．A 70．B 71．D 72．C 73．C 74．D 75．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了大学教育环境中理论与实践的关系，以及学术辩论的重要性，同时通过皮亚杰（Piaget）和唐纳森（Donaldson）关于儿童发展理论的对比，强调了批判性思维在学术研究和日常学习中的必要性。 61．考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然基于实际证据，但大多数想法是作者和研究人员从分析相关数据中得出的结论。A. prepared for为……做好准备；B. devoted to致力于；C. measured by以……来衡量；D. based on基于。根据下文“actual evidence, the majority of thinking is conclusions that writers and researches have drawn from their analysis of relevant data”可知，想法是基于实际证据的。故选D。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作家和研究人员提出关于世界上正在发生什么的想法，然后研究证据来支持或挑战这些想法。A. suggest提议；B. confirm确认；C. abandon抛弃；D. appreciate欣赏。根据上文“Writers and researchers”和下文“ideas about what is going on in the world”可知，作家和研究人员提出一些想法。故选A。 63．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，学术辩论是建立在思想或理论交流的基础上的。A. As usual像往常一样；B. Above all首先；C. In detail详细地；D. In fact事实上。根据下文“academic debate is founded on an exchange of ideas or theories”可知，学术辩论是建立在思想或理论交流的基础上的，这是客观事实，空格处意为“事实上”。故选D。 64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人提出了某个想法或理论，那么其他人往往会提出不同的看法。A. proofs证明；B. alternatives备选方案；C. plans计划；D. solutions解决办法。根据下文“When you as a student writer/researcher enter a debate”可知，如果一个人提出一个想法，那其他人就会提出不同的看法，空格处意为“备选方案”。故选B。 65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，皮亚杰和唐纳森对儿童如何发展的看法不同。A. depend依靠；B. differ不同；C. insist坚持；D. agree同意。根据下文“Piaget proposed that children’s thinking does not develop entirely smoothly”和“Piaget saw these transitions as taking place at about 18months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years”可知，皮亚杰和唐纳森对儿童如何发展的看法不同。故选B。 66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，在某些特定的点上，它会获得成功并进入全新的领域和功能。A. Instead相反；B. Nevertheless然而，不过；C. Consequently因此，结果；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“children’s thinking does not develop entirely smoothly”和下文“there are certain points at which it takes off and moves into completely new areas and capabilities”可知，儿童的思维发展并非完全平稳，相反，在某些特定阶段，儿童的思维会取得飞跃，空格处意为“相反”。故选A。 67．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这被认为意味着在这些年龄之前，儿童无法以某些方式理解概念和/或想法。A. between在……之间；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前；D. at处于……状态。根据上文“these transitions as taking place at about 18months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years”和下文“these ages children are not capable of understanding concepts”可知，思维的转变大约发生在18个月、7岁以及11或12岁时，所以在这些年龄之前，儿童无法理解一些概念。故选C。 68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：嵌入在熟悉情境中的思维对儿童来说具有“人性化”意义，因此更容易被能够进行推理的儿童所理解。A. leave离开；B. grow成长；C. reason推理；D. stick粘，贴。根据上文“more easily understood by children who are able to”可知，能够推理的儿童更容易理解一些概念。故选C。 69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而当儿童被要求做一些超出他们“人性化”理解范围的事情时——即当事情不熟悉时——他们的思维就会变得非嵌入式，无法理解。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. uninteresting无趣的；C. insensible无知觉的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“outside their limits of human sense”可知，超出他们“人性化”理解范围的事情就是一些他们不熟悉的事情。故选A。 70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐纳森对皮亚杰关于儿童思维有上限的理论提出了挑战。A. focus焦点；B. ceiling上限；C. suggestion建议；D. conclusion结论。根据下文“what children are able to do rather than focusing on the things they cannot do”可知，唐纳森对皮亚杰的儿童思维有上限的理论提出了挑战。故选B。 71．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她鼓励像老师这样的从业者去寻找孩子们能做什么，而不是专注于他们不能做的事情。A. take over接管；B. make up编造；C. put aside暂时搁置，不考虑；D. seek out寻找。根据下文“what children are able to do”可知，她鼓励老师找出孩子们能做什么。故选D。 72．考查名词所有格辨析。句意：她认为，为了有效地教育幼儿，教育工作者必须去中心化，并尝试从儿童的角度出发来呈现事物。A. a parent’s家长的；B. a teacher’s老师的；C. a child’s孩子的；D. an expert’s专家的。根据上文“in order to educate young children effectively, practitioners must decentre and try to present things from”可知，教育工作者要从儿童的角度出发来呈现事物。故选C。 73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对你来说，这意味着尽管在某个特定问题上往往存在主流观点，但你仍然可以通过文献探索和分析其他观点。A. opposing反对的；B. original原先的；C. dominant占主导地位的；D. defensive防御的。while表“尽管”，根据下文“there will be other viewpoints that you can explore”可知，在某个特定问题上往往存在主流观点。故选C。 74．考查固定短语辨析。句意：为了能够批判性地思考，你必须愿意质疑自己的观点，并对他人的想法和观点持开放态度。A. good for对……好的；B. particular about对……挑剔；C. satisfied with对……满意；D. open to对……持开放态度。根据上文“To be able to think critically, you must be willing to question your own views”和下文“the ideas and views of others”可知，你要质疑自己的观点，并对他人的想法和观点持开放态度。故选D。 75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还需要足够自信地认识到，仅仅因为某些东西被印出来了，并不意味着它就是真的。A. unique独特的；B. true真正的；C. typical典型的；D. clear清楚的。根据上文“To be able to think critically”和“just because something is in print does not mean”和客观事实可知，某些东西被印出来了，并不意味着它就是真的。故选B。 语篇类型二: 议论文（3篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市复旦大学附属中学） Today we live in a society structured to promote early bloomers. Our school system has 1 people by the time they are 18, using grades and SAT scores. Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind. Many prominent models of success, like Bill Gates or Taylor Swift, achieved fame 2 . Magazines publish lists with headlines like “30 Under 30” to 3 youthful superstars on the rise. “Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history. But for many people, the talents that bloom later in life are more 4 than the ones that bloom early. A 2019 study by researchers in Denmark found that, on average, Nobel Prize winners made their crucial discoveries at the age of 44. Even brilliant people apparently need at least a couple of decades to master their field. Successful late bloomers are all around us. Colonel Harland Sanders started Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s. Isak Dinesen published the book that 5 her literary reputation, Out of Africa, at 52. If Samuel Johnson had died at 40, few would remember him, but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. Why do some people 6 later than others? In his book Late Bloomers, the journalist Rich Karlgaard points out that this is really two questions: First, why didn’t these people bloom earlier? Second, what traits or skills did they 7 that enabled them to bloom late? It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable—they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age. Late bloomers tend to be 8 different, displaying a different set of abilities that are mostly 9 to or discouraged by our current education system. They usually have to invent their own paths. Late bloomers “fulfill their potential frequently in novel and unexpected ways,” Karlgaard writes, “surprising even those 10 to them.” These people don’t do as much advance planning as the conceptual 11 , but they regard their entire lives as experiments. They try something and learn, and then they try something else and learn more. Their focus is not on their 12 work, which they often toss away haphazardly. Their focus is on the process of learning itself: Am I closer to understanding, to mastering? They live their lives as a long period of 13 , trying this and trying that, a slow process of 14 and elaboration, so the quality of their work peaks late in life. They are the ugly ducklings of human achievement, who, over the decades, turn themselves into 15 . 1．A．united B．sorted C．engaged D．labeled 2．A．overnight B．by chance C．late in life D．at an early age 3．A．marvel B．glorify C．document D．approve 4．A．consequential B．predictable C．respectful D．conclusive 5．A．deserved B．restored C．saved D．established 6．A．bounce back B．hit their peak C．turn over a new leaf D．come into play 7．A．draw B．master C．possess D．lack 8．A．qualitatively B．tremendously C．initially D．distinctly 9．A．subject B．essential C．equivalent D．invisible 10．A．indifferent B．superior C．close D．familiar 11．A．boomers B．seekers C．models D．geniuses 12．A．finished B．worthwhile C．individual D．intellectual 13．A．ebb and flow B．trial and error C．think and act D．hit and miss 14．A．evolution B．accumulation C．progression D．exploitation 15．A．dragons B．phoenixes C．swans D．peacocks 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述晚成者的价值及晚成的原因。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的学校系统在人们18岁时就通过分数和SAT成绩将他们分类。A. united联合；B. sorted分类；C. engaged参与；D. labeled贴标签。根据下文“using grades and SAT scores”可知，学校系统通过分数和SAT成绩将学生分类。故选B。 2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些像比尔·盖茨或泰勒·斯威夫特这样的成功典范，在很年轻的时候就取得了名声。A. overnight一夜之间；B. by chance偶然；C. late in life在晚年；D. at an early age在年轻的时候。根据前文“Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind.”以及后文提到的晚成者可知，此处是在说早成者，即年轻时就取得成功的人。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杂志会刊登像“ 30岁或30岁以下”这样的头条来赞美正在崛起的年轻的超级明星。A. marvel惊叹；B. glorify赞美；C. document记录；D. approve批准。根据下文““Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history.”可知，杂志刊登这样的头条是为了赞美这些年轻的超级明星。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对许多人来说，晚年才绽放的才能比早年绽放的才能更有意义。A. consequential有意义的；B. predictable可预测的；C. respectful恭敬的；D. conclusive决定性的。根据空后“than the ones that bloom early”以及后文提到的诺贝尔奖获得者在晚年做出重要发现可知，此处是在说晚年绽放的才能更有意义。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊萨克·迪内森在52岁时出版了奠定她文学声誉的书《走出非洲》。A. deserved值得；B. restored恢复；C. saved拯救；D. established建立、奠定。根据下文“but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language”可知，他被认为是英语史上最伟大的作家之一，所以说这本书奠定了她的文学声誉。故选D。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为什么有些人比其他人更晚达到巅峰？A. bounce back反弹；B. hit their peak达到巅峰；C. turn over a new leaf改过自新；D. come into play开始起作用。根据空后“later than others”以及后文提到的晚成者可知，此处是在说为什么有些人比其他人更晚达到巅峰。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们拥有哪些特质或技能使他们能够晚成？A. draw画；B. master掌握；C. possess拥有；D. lack缺乏。根据下文“It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable — they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age.”可知，此处是在说他们拥有哪些特质或技能使他们能够晚成。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：晚成者往往在本质上有所不同，展示出一套与我们当前教育体系大多忽视或劝阻的能力。A. qualitatively本质上；B. tremendously极大地；C. initially最初；D. distinctly明显地。根据下文“displaying a different set of abilities”可知，晚成者与早成者在本质上是截然不同的。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. subject受……影响的；B. essential基本的；C. equivalent等价的；D. invisible看不见的，被忽视的。根据空后“to or discouraged by our current education system”可知，晚成者展示的能力大多被当前教育体系忽视或劝阻。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡尔加德写道，晚成者“经常以新颖和意想不到的方式发挥他们的潜力，甚至让那些亲近他们的人都感到惊讶”。A. indifferent漠不关心的；B. superior优越的；C. close亲近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据空前“surprising even those”以及后文提到的晚成者以新颖和意想不到的方式发挥潜力可知，此处是在说甚至让那些亲近他们的人都感到惊讶。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人不像概念上的天才那样做太多预先计划，但他们把自己的整个生活都视为实验。A. boomers繁荣者；B. seekers寻求者；C. models模范；D. geniuses天才。根据“but they regard their entire lives as experiments”以及前文提到的晚成者与早成者的不同可知，与晚成者对比的是 “天才型早成者”。故选D。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的注意力不在于他们完成的作品，他们经常随意地丢弃。A. finished完成的；B. worthwhile值得的；C. individual个人的；D. intellectual智力的。根据下文“which they often toss away haphazardly”可知，他们的注意力不在于完成的作品。故选A。 13．考查名词短语辨析。句意：他们把生活看作是一个漫长的尝试和错误的过程，尝试这个，尝试那个，一个缓慢的积累和完善的过程，所以他们的工作质量在晚年达到顶峰。A. ebb and flow涨落；B. trial and error尝试和错误；C. think and act思考和行动；D. hit and miss碰运气。根据下文“trying this and trying that”可知，他们把生活看作是一个漫长的尝试和错误的过程。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. evolution进化；B. accumulation积累；C. progression进展；D. exploitation开发。根据空后“and elaboration”以及前文提到的尝试和错误的过程可知，此处是在说这是一个缓慢的积累和完善的过程。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是人类成就中的丑小鸭，几十年后，他们变成了天鹅。A. dragons龙；B. phoenixes凤凰；C. swans天鹅；D. peacocks孔雀。根据前文“the ugly ducklings of human achievement”以及“turn themselves into”可知，此处是在说他们从丑小鸭变成了天鹅，象征着从平凡到卓越的转变。根据常识，通常拿丑小鸭和天鹅作对比，来突出华丽的转身，故选C。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学） AI can transform education for the better As students return to classrooms for the new year, it is striking to reflect on how little education has changed in recent decades. The sector remains a digital laggard (落后者). American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets, 16 , on technology, compared with 8% for the average American company. When the pandemic forced schools and universities to shut down, the moment for a digital 17 seemed close when the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased. However, once covid was brought under control, classes continued much as before. If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s 18 to digital interruption, can artificial intelligence? ChatGPT-like generative AI, which can converse cleverly on varieties of subjects, certainly 19 . So much so that educationalists began to 20 that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework. Increasingly, however, it is generating excitement as a means to provide 21 tutoring to various students and speed up boring tasks such as marking. Learners, for their part, are 22 the technology. Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies. Indeed, the technology’s popularity has raised awkward questions for companies like Chegg, which was losing customers 23 ChatGPT. Yet there are good reasons to believe that education specialists like Chegg who employ AI will eventually 24 generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT. For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context. “Students want content from 25 providers,” argues Kate Edwards, chief pedagogist at Pearson, a textbook publisher. The company has not allowed ChatGPT and other AIs to 26 its material, but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps. 27 , as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn. Understanding pedagogy (教学法) thus gives education specialists an 28 . Pearson has designed its AI tools to 29 students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards. Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized 30 . Bringing AI to education will not be easy, but once answers on how to make use of this technology become clearer, such a development will certainly deserve top marks. 16．A．respectively B．appropriately C．totally D．ultimately 17．A．divide B．reverse C．boom D．withdrawal 18．A．tendency B．resistance C．attention D．anxiety 19．A．serve the purposeB．break the ice C．take the initiative D．do some good 20．A．maintain B．panic C．doubt D．wonder 21．A．personalized B．individualistic C．characteristic D．attentive 22．A．attempting B．declining C．opposing D．embracing 23．A．for B．under C．to D．in 24．A．detect B．transform C．overtake D．enhance 25．A．comprehensive B．advanced C．distinguished D．trusted 26．A．give away B．take in C．bring about D．hold up 27．A．By contrast B．Despite this C．What’s more D．As a result 28．A．applause B．edge C．hesitation D．improvement 29．A．convince B．engage C．capture D．challenge 30．A．intervals B．cost C．mercy D．best 【答案】 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．B 29．B 30．A 【来源】上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高一下期期终考试英语试卷 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在教育领域的应用和发展前景。 16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：美国的学校和大学分别将预算的2%和5%用于技术，而美国公司的平均水平为8%。A. respectively分别地；B. appropriately适当地；C. totally完全地；D. ultimately最终地。根据“American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets”可知，此处是指学校和大学分别的预算。故选A。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当疫情迫使学校和大学关闭时，在线辅导提供商Chegg和Byju等的市值都有所增加，数字化繁荣的时刻似乎已经来临。A. divide分歧；B. reverse反转；C. boom繁荣；D. withdrawal撤退。根据“the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased”可知，在线辅导的市值增加，这说明在线辅导繁荣发展。故选C。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果疫情无法克服教育部门对数字中断的抵制，人工智能能吗？A. tendency趋势；B. resistance抵制；C. attention注意力；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文“If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s ”可知，疫情无法克服教育部门对数字中断的抵制。故选B。 19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：像ChatGPT这样可以在各种主题上进行聪明对话的生成式人工智能当然可以。A. serve the purpose达到目的；B. break the ice打破僵局；C. take the initiative采取主动；D. do some good做一些好事。根据“So much so that educationalists began to… that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework.”可知，生成式人工智能可以在各种主题上进行聪明对话，可推理出此处是指生成式人工智能可以达到目的。故选A。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以至于教育家们开始担心学生们会用它来在论文和作业上作弊。A. maintain维护；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt怀疑；D. wonder想知道。根据“that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework”可知，学生们会用ChatGPT来在论文和作业上作弊，这是指教育家们所担心的。故选B。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，它作为一种为各种学生提供个性化辅导并加快评分等枯燥任务的手段，正越来越令人兴奋。A. personalized个性化的；B. individualistic个人主义的；C. characteristic独特的；D. attentive注意的。根据上文“it is generating excitement as a means to provide”可知，它为各种学生提供个性化辅导。故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就学习者而言，他们正在接受这项技术。A. attempting尝试；B. declining下降；C. opposing反对；D. embracing拥抱。根据“Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies.”可知，五分之二的本科生报告称他们使用人工智能聊天机器人来帮助他们学习，这说明学习者正在接受这项技术。故选D。 23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该技术的普及给Chegg等公司带来了尴尬的问题，Chegg正在失去客户，客户都流向了ChatGPT。A. for因为；B. under在……下面；C. to向；D. in在……里面。根据上文“which was losing customers”以及下文“ChatGPT”可知，Chegg的客户都流向了ChatGPT。故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由相信，像Chegg这样使用人工智能的教育专家最终将超越OpenAI等通用人工智能，OpenAI是ChatGPT 的制造商。A. detect察觉；B. transform改变；C. overtake超越；D. enhance增强。根据“generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT”和however可知，前后是转折关系，上文提到Chegg面临尴尬的问题，即其客户都流向ChatGPT，下文和上文是转折相反关系，应是指像Chegg这样使用人工智能的教育专家的好的一面，即它们将超越通用人工智能。故选C。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生希望从值得信赖的供应商那里获得内容。A. comprehensive综合的；B. advanced先进的；C. distinguished卓越的；D. trusted可信的。根据上文“For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context.”以及下文“Providers”可知，人工智能聊天机器人经常胡言乱语，这在教育环境中是无益的，由此可推知，学生希望从值得信赖的供应商那里获得内容。故选D。 26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：该公司并未允许ChatGPT和其他人工智能系统使用其材料，而是利用这些内容来训练自己的模型，并将其嵌入到自己的学习应用程序套件中。A. give away赠送；B. take in接受；C. bring about引起；D. hold up举起。根据下文“but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps.”中的but可知，前后是转折关系，该公司是利用这些内容来训练自己的模型，并将其嵌入到自己的学习应用程序，而非允许ChatGPT使用其材料。故选B。 27．考查固定短语辨析。句意：此外，正如Chegg的罗森茨威格先生所说，教学不仅仅是给学生一个答案，而是以一种帮助他们学习的方式呈现答案。A. By contrast相比之下；B. Despite this尽管如此；C. What’s more此外；D. As a result结果。根据“as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn.”可知，下文表示对前面所述内容的补充或强调。故选C。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，了解教学法为教育专家提供了优势。A. applause掌声；B. edge优势；C. hesitation犹豫；D. improvement改进。根据“Pearson has designed its AI tools to … students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards.”可知，了解教学法为教育专家提供了优势。故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱德华兹女士说，培生公司设计了人工智能工具，通过分解复杂的话题、测试学生的理解能力并提供快速反馈来吸引学生。A. convince使信服；B. engage吸引；C. capture捕捉；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Pearson has designed its AI tools to ”可知，培生公司设计了人工智能工具是为了吸引学生。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Byju正在将针对学生的“遗忘曲线”纳入其人工智能辅导工具的设计中，以个性化的时间间隔刷新他们的记忆。A. intervals间隔；B. cost花费；C. mercy仁慈；D. best最好的事物（人）。根据 “Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized”可知，将针对学生的“遗忘曲线”纳入其人工智能辅导工具的设计中，这样能以个性化的时间间隔刷新学生的记忆。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026 上海市七宝中学） Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the 31 is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work 32 done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to 33 . And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to 34 , but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has 35 not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts 36 their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve 37 human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help 38 the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three 39 that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely 40 : you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require 41 interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep 42 of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in 43 environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of 44 , have aspects that are likely to be automated by the 45 . In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 31．A．issue B．threat C．ambition D．target 32．A．temporarily B．potentially C．currently D．probably 33．A．automation B．revolution C．imagination D．information 34．A．individuals B．white collars C．manual workers D．designers 35．A．benefits B．comments C．fascinations D．implications 36．A．receive B．propose C．issue D．cancel 37．A．indifferently B．distinctly C．deliberately D．collaboratively 38．A．increase B．lessen C．seize D．treasure 39．A．contents B．preferences C．factors D．categories 40．A．traditional B．physical C．creative D．mental 41．A．distant B．foreseeable C．simple D．sophisticated 42．A．administration B．development C．understanding D．misinterpretation 43．A．unpredictable B．dangerous C．controllable D．noisy 44．A．position B．occupation C．income D．industry 45．A．engineer B．technology C．potential D．tendency 【答案】 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．A 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．B 39．D 40．C 41．D 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了随着人工智能的发展，其对人类就业的威胁以及人类仍具有优势的工作领域，强调在动态、多变环境且包含不可预测任务的工作更能避免被人工智能取代。 【详解】31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一些专家表示，随着人工智能即将无处不在，这种威胁正在成为现实：机器人真的要来抢夺一些工作岗位了。A. issue问题；B. threat威胁；C. ambition抱负；D. target目标。根据上文“there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs”可知，此处指新机器抢夺人类工作岗位的威胁正在成为现实。故选B项。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：高盛2023年3月的一份报告估计，能够生成内容的人工智能可以完成目前由人类完成的所有工作的四分之一。A. temporarily暂时地；B. potentially潜在地；C. currently目前；D. probably可能。根据语境和下文“done by humans.”可知，此处是说人工智能能完成目前人类所做工作的四分之一，currently符合语义。故选C项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该报告进一步指出，在欧盟和美国，3亿个工作岗位可能会因自动化而消失。A. automation自动化；B. revolution革命；C. imagination想象；D. information信息。根据上文“AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work...done by humans.”可知，提到人工智能对人类工作的威胁，这里指工作岗位因自动化（人工智能属于自动化范畴）而消失。故选A项。 34．考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意：《机器人规则：人工智能将如何改变一切》一书的作者马丁·福特说，这不仅仅会发生在个人身上，而且可能是系统性的。A. individuals个人；B. white collars白领；C. manual workers体力劳动者；D. designers设计师。根据下文“but it could be pretty systemic”以及“it could happen to a lot of people”以及“those individuals”可知，这里强调不只是个人会受影响，而是很多人，具有系统性。故选A项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅对那些个人，而且对整个经济都有影响。A. benefits益处；B. comments评论；C. fascinations魅力；D. implications影响。上文“the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost”提到大量工作岗位可能消失，可知这对个人和经济都会产生影响。故选D项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. receive收到；B. propose提议；C. issue发布，发出；D. cancel取消。根据下文“their warnings”可知，是专家发出警告，issue符合语境。故选C项。 37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：专家们在发出警告的同时也提出了一项告诫：仍然有一些事情是人工智能无法做到的——那些涉及独特人类品质的任务，比如情商和创造性思维。A. indifferently冷漠地；B. distinctly独特地；C. deliberately故意地；D. collaboratively合作地。根据下文“human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking”可知，情商和创造性思维是人类独特的品质。故选B项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：转向以这些技能为核心的工作岗位有助于降低被取代的可能性。A. increase增加；B. lessen减少；C. seize抓住；D. treasure珍视。根据上文“AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve... human qualities”可知，提到人工智能无法完成涉及独特人类品质的任务，所以从事这类工作能减少被取代几率。故选B项。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：福特说：“我认为在可预见的未来，一般来说有三个类别相对不受影响。”A. contents内容；B. preferences偏好；C. factors因素；D. categories类别。根据下文提到的“The first...The second...The third...”可知，这里指三个工作类别。故选D项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先是真正具有创造性的工作：你不是在做公式化的工作，或者只是重新整理一些东西，而是真正提出新的想法并构建新的东西。A. traditional传统的；B. physical体力的；C. creative创造性的；D. mental脑力的。根据“you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new”可知，此处指具有创造性的工作。故选C项。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他接着说，第二个安全区是需要复杂人际关系的工作。A. distant遥远的；B. foreseeable可预见的；C. simple简单的；D. sophisticated复杂的。根据下文“where you need a very deep ....of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”可知，这些工作需要深入了解人，建立关系，所以是复杂的人际关系。故选D项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，这些工作“需要对人有非常深入的理解。我认为，人工智能要具备以真正建立关系的方式进行互动的能力，还需要很长时间”。A. administration管理；B. development发展；C. understanding理解；D. misinterpretation误解。上文“require..interpersonal relationships.”提到需要复杂人际关系的工作，可知这里指深入理解人。故选C项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：福特说，第三个安全区“是那些在不可预测的环境中真正需要大量移动性、灵活性和解决问题能力的工作”。A. unpredictable不可预测的；B. dangerous危险的；C. controllable可控制的；D. noisy嘈杂的。根据下文“These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time”可知，总是面对新情况，所以是不可预测的环境。故选A项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. position职位；B. occupation职业；C. income收入；D. industry行业。根据上文“in jobs”可知，这里强调无论什么行业的工作都可能有部分被自动化，故选D项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，美国布法罗大学劳动经济学副教授乔安妮·宋·麦克劳克林说，大多数工作，无论所属行业，都有可能被这项技术自动化的方面。A. engineer工程师；B. technology技术；C. potential潜力；D. tendency趋势。根据上文提到人工智能对工作的影响，并结合上文“are likely to be automated”可知，这里指被人工智能这项技术自动化。故选B项。 语篇类型三: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市青浦高级中学） Poet and writer Maya Angelou did not speak for five years when she was a child. It was a local teacher who helped her get back her 1 . The patient teacher’s support over the years changed Maya Angelou and has a(n) 2 throughout her life. Maya’s self-kept 3 began after a traumatic (造成创伤的) incident, which caused her to believe that her words would bring bad luck. Her family also chose to never speak of the incident again, so Angelou did not 4 the support and help she needed during those five years. 5 , after Maya met her new teacher, Bertha Flowers, everything changed. Bertha 6 Maya’s problem and gave her individual attention. She told young Maya, “Reading a lot is good, but not good enough. Words mean 7 what is set down on paper. It 8 on the human voice to fill up deeper meaning.” Her words struck Maya and their relationship grew as Bertha 9 Maya with new books and increased her motivation to read more, which planted a seed of literature in her heart. Although, for a long time, young Maya buried herself in the books, she 10 to open her mouth. Bertha broke through Maya’s long silence by 11 Maya that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud. Maya, encouraged, read out the first lines and heard the poem come alive from her own 12 . Eventually, at the age of 13, Maya began speaking again, and her journey in literature also had a good 13 . “I felt accepted and expected then, and what a(n) 14 my teacher has made!” said Maya Angelou. The story is an inspiring example of the important role that teachers play in their students’ lives, and it is also a(n) 15 of how much children can accomplish when they really get encouragement along the way. 1．A．beauty B．voice C．childhood D．book 2．A．goal B．problem C．effect D．idea 3．A．silence B．illness C．splendour D．behavior 4．A．recognize B．receive C．require D．remember 5．A．Actually B．Ironically C．Intellectually D．Fortunately 6．A．solved B．cleaned C．stopped D．noticed 7．A．rather than B．other than C．more than D．less than 8．A．reflects B．depends C．puts D．carries 9．A．provided B．served C．agreed D．associated 10．A．determined B．ignored C．refused D．attempted 11．A．telling B．warning C．thanking D．begging 12．A．ears B．eyes C．nose D．lips 13．A．ending B．start C．result D．secret 14．A．plan B．lecture C．difference D．impression 15．A．chapter B．story C．explanation D．reminder 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了诗人和作家玛雅·安吉罗童年时因创伤事件沉默五年，后在新老师帮助下重新开口说话并开启文学之旅的故事。 【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是一位当地的老师帮助她找回了自己的声音。A. beauty美丽；B. voice声音；C. childhood童年；D. book书。根据前文“Poet and writer Maya Angelou did not speak for five years when she was a child.”可知，玛雅小时候五年不说话，老师帮助她找回了“声音”。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位耐心的老师多年来的支持改变了玛雅·安吉罗，并对她的一生都产生了影响。A. goal目标；B. problem问题；C. effect影响；D. idea想法。根据前文“The patient teacher’s support over the years changed Maya Angelou”可知，老师对玛雅产生了“影响”，固定搭配have an effect throughout one’s life意为“影响某人一生”。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛雅的自我沉默始于一次创伤性事件，这让她相信自己的话会带来厄运。A. silence沉默；B. illness疾病；C. splendour辉煌；D. behavior行为。根据前文“did not speak for five years”可知，此处指她保持的“沉默”状态。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的家人也选择不再提及此事，所以在那五年里，安吉罗没有得到她需要的支持和帮助。A. recognize认出；B. receive收到；C. require需要；D. remember记得。根据前文“Her family also chose to never speak of the incident again”和后文“the support and help”可知，家人回避话题导致她没能“收到”所需的支持。故选B。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，玛雅遇到新老师伯莎·弗劳尔斯后，一切都变了。A. Actually实际上；B. Ironically讽刺地；C. Intellectually理智地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据后文“everything changed”可知，老师的出现是积极的转折，玛雅遇到新老师是“幸运的”。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯莎注意到了玛雅的问题，并给予了她个别关注。A. solved解决；B. cleaned清理；C. stopped停止；D. noticed注意到。根据后文“gave her individual attention”可知，老师“注意到”了玛雅的问题，老师先发现问题，再提供帮助。故选D。 7．考查固定短语辨析。句意：她告诉年轻的玛雅：“多读书是好的，但还不够好。语言的意义不仅仅在于写在纸上的东西。这依赖人的声音来填充更深的意义。”A. rather than而不是；B. other than除了；C. more than不仅仅；D. less than少于。根据前文“Reading a lot is good, but not good enough.”可知，老师想表达文字需要通过朗读来赋予更深的意义，因此其内涵 “不止于” 纸面。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reflects反映；B. depends依靠；C. puts放；D. carries携带。根据后文“on the human voice to fill up deeper meaning”可知，语言的意义“依靠”人的声音，符合“文字需要人声赋予深意”的语境。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的话打动了玛雅，随着伯莎为玛雅提供新书并增加了她阅读更多的动力，她们的关系也加深了，这在她心中播下了文学的种子。A. provided提供；B. served服务；C. agreed同意；D. associated联系。根据后文“new books”可知，老师为玛雅“提供”新书，固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”，符合老师给学生书的行为。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管很长一段时间里，年轻的玛雅埋头于书本，但她还是拒绝开口。A. determined决定；B. ignored忽视；C. refused拒绝；D. attempted尝试。根据前文“Although, for a long time, young Maya buried herself in the books”和后文“Eventually, at the age of 13, Maya began speaking again”可知，前文提到她沉浸阅读，后文用“but”转折，以及后文提到13岁再次开口说话，说明她仍“拒绝”开口。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯莎告诉玛雅，直到她大声朗读诗歌，她才真正爱上诗歌，这打破了玛雅的长期沉默。A. telling告诉；B. warning警告；C. thanking感谢；D. begging乞求。根据后文“that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud”可知，老师用分享自己感受的方式鼓励玛雅，即老师“告诉”玛雅这个道理。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛雅受到鼓舞，读出了第一行，听到诗歌从自己的嘴唇中复活。A. ears耳朵；B. eyes眼睛；C. nose鼻子；D. lips嘴唇。根据前文“read out the first lines”可知，朗读是由嘴唇中发声，诗歌从“嘴唇”中复活。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，在13岁的时候，玛雅又开始说话了，她的文学之旅也有了一个良好的开端。A. ending结束；B. start开始；C. result结果；D. secret秘密。根据前文“Maya began speaking again”可知，重新开口是她文学道路的良好的“开端”。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“那时我感到被接受和期待，我的老师产生了多么大的影响！”玛雅·安吉罗说。A. plan计划；B. lecture讲座；C. difference不同；D. impression印象。根据前文“I felt accepted and expected then”可知，老师对玛雅产生了“影响”，make a difference“产生影响”。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事是一个鼓舞人心的例子，说明了教师在学生生活中扮演的重要角色，它也提醒我们，当孩子们在成长过程中真正得到鼓励时，他们能取得多大的成就。A. chapter章节；B. story故事；C. explanation解释；D. reminder提醒。根据后文“how much children can accomplish when they really get encouragement along the way”可知，这个故事不仅是榜样，也是对读者的一种提醒，“提醒”我们孩子能取得多大的成就。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市控江中学） It is springtime, and the city feels especially glorious. If we were to reflect on what has brought us joy in our daily life, birds would probably be enjoying a top 16 on the happy list for many. Especially those we saw outside of our windows or, in New York City, on the street. Three species in particular 17 the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners: house sparrows, pigeons and starlings (椋鸟). All of these species are invasive. When these species were first introduced, the scientific fields of ecology and conservation were almost 18 , and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea. I have been studying starlings in New York City since 2016. I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them 19 on the street. I was initially fascinated by their adaptability to the 20 landscape, especially their 21 flexibility. They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens. The sounds they make are so 22 that you might not recognize that they are coming from the same species. If you listen closely, you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound. You may not consider it 23 enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless. When you stare at them, as I have many times, they never ever appear to look at you, but they obviously see you because they 24 incredibly rapidly to absolutely any movement or disturbance. They are off 25 , always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture. Sometimes, I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country, and could just enjoy watching them in quiet 26 . And I wonder if you can know about their paths of 27 and still appreciate aspects of their behavior. At times this winter, nothing in the 28 environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world. And then way up in that bit of sky, beside the water tower, I spotted five of them. I’d know their triangular wings, and their suspicious (有疑心的) and 29 behavior, anywhere. As they flew up and 30 , they inspired my hope for bluer skies and future springtime. 16．A．peak B．spot C．attraction D．idea 17．A．impact B．imitate C．dominate D．threaten 18．A．nonstop B．nonexistent C．nonviolent D．nonprofit 19．A．legally B．academically C．generously D．informally 20．A．urban B．natural C．regional D．scenic 21．A．dietary B．flying C．communicative D．behavior 22．A．strange B．similar C．varied D．powerful 23．A．popular B．loud C．clear D．beautiful 24．A．stick B．object C．respond D．apply 25．A．in a flash B．in a word C．in a sense D．in a hurry 26．A．mood B．ignorance C．laboratories D．neighborhoods 27．A．creation B．exploration C．destruction D．depression 28．A．conserved B．hidden C．built D．connected 29．A．quick B．elegant C．commonplace D．dramatic 30．A．out of reach B．out of curiosity C．out of mind D．out of sight 【答案】 16．B 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对城市中常见鸟类的观察与感受，以及它们带来的希望与生机。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们反思日常生活中给我们带来快乐的事物，对许多人来说，鸟类可能会在快乐清单上占据首位。A. peak山峰；B. spot地点；C. attraction吸引力；D. idea想法。根据下文“on the happy list”可知，此处表示在快乐清单上占据首位，a top spot表示“首位”。故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：三种鸟类尤其占据人行道、建筑物顶部、防火梯、窗沿和空调：麻雀、鸽子和椋鸟。A. impact影响；B. imitate模仿；C. dominate占据主导地位；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners”可知，此处表示这三种鸟类占据这些地方。故选C。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些物种首次被引入时，生态学和保护科学的领域几乎不存在，现在我们知道，为了控制害虫，这是一个糟糕的想法。A. nonstop不停的；B. nonexistent不存在的；C. nonviolent非暴力的；D. nonprofit非营利的。根据下文“and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea.”可知，此处表示当时这些领域几乎不存在。故选B。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在博物馆和实验室里正式研究它们，但在研究之间，我在街上非正式地观察它们。A. legally合法地；B. academically学术上；C. generously慷慨地；D. informally非正式地。根据上文“I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them”和下文“on the street”可知，此处与上文形成对比，指在街头“非正式地”观察它们。故选D。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，我对它们对城市景观的适应性感到着迷，尤其是它们的饮食灵活性。A. urban城市的；B. natural自然的；C. regional地区的；D. scenic风景优美的。根据下文“They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens.”可知，此处表示这些鸟对城市景观的适应。故选A。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dietary饮食的；B. flying飞行的；C. communicative交际的；D. behavior行为的。根据下文“They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens.”可知，此处表示它们的饮食灵活性。故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们发出的声音如此多种多样，以至于你可能认不出它们来自同一物种。A. strange奇怪的；B. similar相似的；C. varied多样的；D. powerful有力的。根据下文“you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound”可知，此处表示它们发出的声音多种多样。故选C。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为它不够优美称不上一首歌，但它仍然算是一首歌。A. popular受欢迎的；B. loud大声的；C. clear清楚的；D. beautiful优美的。根据下文“enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless”可知，前后为转折关系，此处指叫声可能不够“优美”，但仍属于歌声。故选D。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你盯着它们看时，就像我多次做的那样，它们似乎从来不会看你，但它们显然看到了你，因为它们对任何运动或干扰的反应都非常迅速。A. stick坚持；B. object反对；C. respond反应；D. apply申请。根据下文“to absolutely any movement or disturbance”可知，此处表示它们对任何运动或干扰的反应都非常迅速。故选C。 25．考查介词短语辨析。句意：它们立刻飞走了，总是比我拿出手机拍一张好照片的速度还要快。A. in a flash立刻；B. in a word总之；C. in a sense在某种意义上；D. in a hurry匆忙地。根据下文“always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture.”可知，此处表示它们飞走的速度很快，立刻飞走了。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我希望自己不知道它们在全国范围内还做了什么，只想在无知中安静地欣赏它们。A. mood情绪；B. ignorance无知；C. laboratories实验室；D. neighborhoods街区。根据上文“I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country”可知，作者希望“不知道”椋鸟的负面影响，即处于“无知”状态。故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道你是否了解它们的破坏路径，但仍然欣赏它们行为的一些方面。A. creation创造；B. exploration探索；C. destruction破坏；D. depression沮丧。根据上文“All of these species are invasive”可知，椋鸟作为入侵物种会造成“破坏”。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年冬天的某些时候，在建筑环境中，没有任何东西能让我联想到生命或自然世界。A. conserved保护；B. hidden隐藏；C. built建筑，建成的；D. connected连接。根据下文“environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world”可知，与natural world对比，此处指城市中“建筑”的环境（如建筑、街道等）。故选C。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论在哪里，我都会认出它们三角形的翅膀，以及它们多疑和敏捷的行为。A. quick快的；B. elegant优雅的；C. commonplace普通的；D. dramatic戏剧性的。根据上文“They are off ____ , always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture”可知，椋鸟的行为反应“敏捷”。故选A。 30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当它们飞起来又消失时，它们激发了我对更蓝的天空和未来春天的希望。A. out of reach够不着；B. out of curiosity出于好奇；C. out of mind心不在焉；D. out of sight看不见。根据上文“As they flew up”可知，椋鸟飞走后“消失在视线中”。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025 上海市杨浦区模拟） The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government 31 the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 32 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 33 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic 34 will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a (n) 35 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 36 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not 37 . She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 38 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 39 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 40 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 41 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The 42 product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently 43 as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 44 . Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 45 for the youth.” 31．A．modified B．glorified C．intensified D．justified 32．A．equally B．nearly C．mildly D．barely 33．A．dumped B．turned C．loaded D．leaked 34．A．modes B．ports C．heaps D．costumes 35．A．personal B．feasible C．orderly D．adjustable 36．A．remind B．assure C．convince D．direct 37．A．get off B．give up C．show off D．put out 38．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 39．A．enclosing B．distributing C．reversing D．channelling 40．A．distantly B．openly C．directly D．secretly 41．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 42．A．reforming B．resulting C．recovering D．recording 43．A．defended B．criticized C．claimed D．recognized 44．A．honour B．level C．grant D．diploma 45．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment 【答案】 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．C 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C 41．B 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力解决塑料垃圾污染问题。 31．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：2020年6月，政府通过在保护区禁止一次性塑料来加强这些努力。A. modified修改；B. glorified赞美；C. intensified加强；D. justified证明合理。根据上文“The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017”以及语境可知，这是对2017年禁令的进一步加强。故选C项。 32．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：不幸的是，这些措施几乎没有产生任何影响。A. equally平等地；B. nearly几乎；C. mildly温和地；D. barely几乎不。根据上文“unfortunately”及“Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to”可知，这里指禁令几乎没有效果。故选D项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：每天仍有数百吨工业和消费聚合物垃圾被倾倒进垃圾填埋场。A. dumped倾倒；B. turned转变；C. loaded装载；D. leaked泄漏。根据“waste”以及语境可知，这里的废弃物应该是被倾倒，被扔掉。dumped into landfills，表示“倾倒进填埋场”，符合垃圾处理语境。故选A项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：然而，如果29岁的Nzambi Matee能如愿以偿，这些令人不快的塑料堆很快将被转化为彩色砖块。A. modes模式；B. ports港口；C. heaps堆；D. costumes服装。根据上文“into landfills daily”可知，这里是很多废弃物倾倒之后变成垃圾堆。plastic heaps，指“塑料垃圾堆”，与后文“mountain of trash”呼应。故选C项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找可行的解决方案来控制塑料污染。A. personal个人的；B. feasible可行的；C. orderly有序的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据下文“practical, sustainable, and affordable”可知，这里指她寻求的是可行的方法。故选B项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：她花了九个月时间生产出第一块砖，甚至花了更长时间说服一个合作伙伴帮助制造生产这些砖的机器。A. remind提醒；B. assure确保；C. convince说服；D. direct指导。根据下文“a partner to help build the machinery to make them”以及语境可知，这里指她需说服合作伙伴相信其想法，convince符合“说服某人做某事”的语境。故选C项。 37．考查动词短语辨析。 句意：但这位坚定的环保企业家对自己的想法充满信心，没有放弃。A. get off下车；B. give up放弃；C. show off炫耀；D. put out扑灭。根据上文“determined”和“confident”以及语境可知，这里指她很坚定，未放弃自己的梦想。故选B项。 38．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：但我很清楚，解决方案必须实用、可持续且负担得起。A. clear清楚的；B. fair公平的；C. bold大胆的；D. mature成熟的。根据文章语境以及下文的“practical, sustainable, and affordable”可知，这一方案必须切实可行，可持续，负担得起才能真正达到环保的目的，因此她的目标是非常清晰的。故选A项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：最好的方法是将废物引入建筑领域，并找到最有效和实惠的材料来建造房屋。A. enclosing包围；B. distributing分配；C. reversing逆转；D. channelling引导。根据上文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick”以及语境可知，这一方案是将废弃物转变成可用砖块，channelling waste into construction，指“将废物引入建筑领域”，体现材料再利用。故选D项。 40．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：聚合物直接从工厂获得，或由雇佣的当地人从内罗毕最大的垃圾填埋场丹多拉捡拾。A. distantly遥远地；B. openly公开地；C. directly直接地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill”可知，两种方式是并列关系，后者通过被雇佣者经过垃圾分拣之后间接得到，则前者则是直接从工厂废弃物中获得。“directly from factories”表示“直接从工厂获取”，与“picked from landfill”形成获取途径对比。故选C项。 41．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：收集的塑料与沙子混合，在高温下加热，然后压缩成颜色和厚度不同的砖块。A. replaced替换；B. mixed混合；C. equipped装备；D. fixed固定。根据下文“compressed into bricks”可知，这里是指将沙子和废弃物混合然后压缩，mixed with sand，表示“与沙子混合”，是制作砖块的步骤。故选B项。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：最终的产品比混凝土砖更坚固、更轻，价格便宜约30%。A. reforming改革的；B. resulting最终的；C. recovering恢复的；D. recording记录的。根据上文“heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness”可知，这里指经过一定的工序之后得到砖块。resulting product，指“最终产品”，即加工后的塑料砖。故选B项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。 句意：Matee最近被认定为2020 年“地球青年卫士” 之一 —— 联合国最高环境荣誉。A. defended辩护；B. criticized批评；C. claimed声称；D. recognized认定。根据短语be recognized as意为“被评定为…”以及下文“as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020”可知，这里指Matee被评为地球青年。故选D项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：Matee最近被认定为 2020 年“地球青年卫士”之一 —— 联合国最高环境荣誉。A. honour荣誉；B. level水平；C. grant拨款；D. diploma文凭。根据上文“Young Champions of the Earth”以及语境可知，这是联合国的环境荣誉奖项。故选A项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：我们回收的塑料越多，就能生产越多经济适用房，为年轻人创造越多就业机会。A. employment就业；B. experiment实验；C. entertainment娱乐；D. investment投资。根据上文“hires 112 people”以及语境可知，这里指她的企业创造了就业机会。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2025 江苏省苏州市） The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 46 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 47 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 48 explosive. After years of 49 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 50 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 51 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 52 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 53 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 54 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 55 . He spent his lifetime alone 56 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 57 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 58 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 59 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 60 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 46．A．remembering B．funding C．crediting D．honouring 47．A．pattern B．conduct C．nature D．affair 48．A．deadly B．usable C．massive D．disastrous 49．A．reference B．hesitation C．efforts D．wisdom 50．A．built up B．put up C．broke up D．brought up 51．A．purposefully B．mistakenly C．unintentionally D．instantly 52．A．scared B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 53．A．blamed B．praised C．appreciated D．favoured 54．A．commercial B．profitable C．sufficient D．rich 55．A．error B．threat C．warning D．consequence 56．A．inventing B．destroying C．combining D．revealing 57．A．establish B．improve C．impact D．confirm 58．A．request B．illustration C．application D．will 59．A．contributions B．trial C．comments D．damage 60．A．called for B．gave away C．took off D．cut back 【答案】 46．D 47．C 48．B 49．C 50．A 51．B 52．D 53．A 54．D 55．C 56．A 57．B 58．D 59．A 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了诺贝尔奖创始人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔因发明炸药致富，但被误登讣告称为“死亡商人”后，他用自己的财富设立诺贝尔奖，以改变世人对他的负面印象。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最知名和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。A. remembering记住；B. funding资助；C. crediting归功于；D. honouring表彰。根据上文“The Nobel Prize”和下文“people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。故选D。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不稳定性很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的爆炸物。A. pattern模式；B. conduct行为；C. nature性质；D. affair事务。根据下文“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，在压力或高温下爆炸是硝酸甘油不稳定性的体现。故选C。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不稳定性很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的爆炸物。A. deadly致命的；B. usable可用的；C. massive巨大的；D. disastrous灾难性的。根据下文“Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin”可知，诺贝尔发明了炸药，炸药比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全，可推知他想制造可用的爆炸物。故选B。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了炸药，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全。A. reference参考；B. hesitation犹豫；C. efforts努力；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ____3____ explosive”以及空前“After years of”可知，发明炸药需要付出很多努力。故选C。 50．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的发明。A. built up积累，使逐渐变大；B. put up张贴；C. broke up分手；D. brought up抚养。根据下文“his wealth from his 355 inventions”可知，诺贝尔是通过355项发明积累财富。故选A。 51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当阿尔弗雷德的兄弟路德维希于1888年去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. purposefully有目的地；B. mistakenly错误地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. instantly立即地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”和下文“published Alfred’s obituary (讣告)”可知，阿尔弗雷德的兄弟路德维希去世了，但报纸刊登的讣告却是阿尔弗雷德的，因此是讣告刊登错误。故选B。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. scared害怕的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed钦佩的，印象深刻的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ____9____ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，讣告中对诺贝尔的评价是负面的，因此他对自己的公众形象感到失望。故选D。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该报强烈指责诺贝尔发明了炸药，给他起了“死亡商人”的绰号，并说：“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士通过找到比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而致富，他昨天去世了。”A. blamed指责；B. praised赞扬；C. appreciated欣赏；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，该报给诺贝尔起了“死亡商人”的绰号，因此是强烈指责他发明了炸药。故选A。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该报强烈指责诺贝尔发明了炸药，给他起了“死亡商人”的绰号，并说：“阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士通过找到比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法而致富，他昨天去世了。”A. commercial商业的；B. profitable赢利的，有利可图的；C. sufficient足够的；D. rich富有的。根据上文“He ____5____ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”以及“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，诺贝尔是通过发明炸药致富的。故选D。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这则讣告是个警告。A. error错误；B. threat威胁；C. warning警告；D. consequence后果。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ____11____ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔非常关心人们如何记住他，但讣告表明他的公众形象很糟糕，因此这则讣告是个警告。故选C。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明，他非常关心人们如何记住他。A. inventing发明；B. destroying破坏；C. combining结合；D. revealing揭示。根据上文“his 355 inventions”可知，诺贝尔一生都在发明东西。故选A。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸的事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象，并为一项美好的事业而被人们记住。A. establish建立；B. improve改善；C. impact影响；D. confirm确认。根据上文“The newspaper strongly ____8____ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ____9____ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””以及下文“and to be remembered for a good cause”可知，诺贝尔的公众形象很糟糕，因此他修改遗嘱是想改善自己的公众形象。故选B。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世前一年，他在遗嘱中明确表示，他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理或医学、文学和和平领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration插图；C. application应用；D. will遗嘱。根据上文“This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will”可知，诺贝尔是在遗嘱中分配自己的财富。故选D。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世前一年，他在遗嘱中明确表示，他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理或医学、文学和和平领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. contributions贡献；B. trial试验；C. comments评论；D. damage损害。根据上文“people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于奖励那些在特定领域对人类做出重大贡献的人。故选A。 60．考查动词短语辨析。句意：令世人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%，创立了五项诺贝尔奖。A. called for需要，（公开）要求；B. gave away赠送，捐赠；C. took off起飞；D. cut back削减。根据下文“94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes”可知，诺贝尔是把总财富的94%捐赠出去，创立五项诺贝尔奖。故选B。 Passage 5 （2025 上海市建平中学） Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner. It has been decades since I’ve sat in a classroom in a gathering cloud of 61 or sincerely tried, lesson after lesson, to acquire a skill that was clearly not destined (注定的) to play a large role in my life. Learning to ride a bicycle in my early thirties was a(n) 62 — a little embarrassing when my husband had to run alongside the bike, as you would with a child but ultimately rewarding. Less so was the time when a group of Japanese schoolchildren tried to teach me paper folding at a public event. I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 63 yet another paper crane. Like Tom Vanderbilt, a journalist and the author of Beginners: The Joy and Transformative Power of Lifelong Learning, I learn new facts all the time but new skills 64 . Journalists regularly drop into 65 subcultures and domains (领域) of expertise, learning enough at least to ask the right questions. The distinction he draws between his energetic gathering of declarative knowledge, or knowing that, and his 66 attention to procedural knowledge, or knowing how, is familiar to me. The prospect of 67 myself as, say, a late-blooming skier or marathon runner sparks only an idle interest, something like 68 what it might be like to live in some small town down the road on the highway. There is certainly a way to see that 69 as something positive. If you love your job and find it intellectually and creatively fulfilling, you may not feel the urge to discover other rooms in the house of your mind, whatever 70 and missed opportunities may be lying there. But there are 71 forces at work, too. There’s the fear of being bad at something you think is worthwhile — and, even more so, being seen to be bad at it. What’s the point of starting something new when you know you’ll never be much good at it? Middle age brings greater emotional calm, an unremarkable advantage but a 72 . (The lows aren’t as low, the highs not as high.) Starting all over at something would put you right back into that emotional churn — excitement, self-doubt, but without renewable energy of youth. It might be fun, but it’s less likely to 73 your fate at forty or fifty. But isn’t that what makes lifelong learning so 74 ? As we fumble through (摸索着) new skills or ideas, we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity. In that way, learning becomes less about mastery and more about 75 the ongoing process itself. 61．A．dissatisfaction B．incomprehension C．uncertainty D．distrust 62．A．routine B．exception C．reminder D．obstacle 63．A．completed B．abandoned C．fixed D．ruined 64．A．carefully B．fast C．seldom D．frequently 65．A．popular B．unfamiliar C．contemporary D．established 66．A．durable B．focused C．limited D．deliberate 67．A．reinventing B．declaring C．justifying D．marketing 68．A．wondering B．ignoring C．recognizing D．describing 69．A．curiosity B．pleasure C．anxiety D．reluctance 70．A．satisfied needs B．hidden talents C．trained skills D．buried memories 71．A．less happy B．more entertaining C．less intense D．more visible 72．A．fear B．relief C．burden D．challenge 73．A．observe B．transform C．predict D．control 74．A．confusing B．discouraging C．engaging D．demanding 75．A．redefining B．completing C．reversing D．embracing 【答案】 61．B 62．B 63．D 64．C 65．B 66．C 67．A 68．A 69．D 70．B 71．A 72．B 73．B 74．C 75．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章围绕中年人对学习新技能的心态展开，探讨了因害怕表现不佳、缺乏年轻时的精力而不愿重新开始的矛盾，同时肯定了终身学习在过程中带来的成长价值。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坐在教室里，周围笼罩着一圈圈困惑的云雾，或者一堂又一堂地真诚尝试学习一项显然不会在我生命中起重要作用的技能，这已经是几十年前的事了。A. dissatisfaction不满；B. incomprehension困惑；C. uncertainty不确定；D. distrust不信任。根据上文“absolute beginner”以及语境可知，这里指作者作为初学者在课堂上常因不懂而困惑。故选B项。 62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三十出头学骑自行车是个例外 —— 当我丈夫不得不像你陪孩子一样在自行车旁跑时，有点尴尬，但最终很有收获。A. routine惯例；B. exception例外；C. reminder提醒；D. obstacle障碍。结合下文“I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 　3　 yet another paper crane.”以及语境可知，作者中年学习很少掌握一些知识，而学骑车是中年时少有的成功尝试，属于例外。故选B项。 63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他们安静的困惑，因为我笨拙的手指又毁了一只纸鹤。A. completed完成；B. abandoned放弃；C. fixed修理；D. ruined毁坏。根据上文“clumsy fingers”及“quiet puzzlement”可知，这里指作者的笨拙导致纸鹤被毁坏，让孩子们很困惑。故选D项。 64．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一直在了解新的事实，但很少学习新技能。A. carefully仔细地；B. fast快速地；C. seldom很少；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文“I learn new facts all the time”以及but表示转折可知，这里指作者很少学会新技能。故选C项。 65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：记者经常进入不熟悉的亚文化和专业领域，至少学到足够多的东西来提出正确的问题。A. popular流行的；B. unfamiliar不熟悉的；C. contemporary当代的；D. established资深的，知名的。根据下文“learning enough at least to ask the right questions”以及常识可知，记者的工作性质是要接触不熟悉的领域并需要不断学习。故选B项。 66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在积极收集陈述性知识（知道是什么）和对程序性知识（知道如何做）的有限关注之间的区别，我很熟悉。A. durable持久的；B. focused专注的；C. limited有限的；D. deliberate故意的。根据上文“learning enough at least to ask questions”可知，记者对“知道如何做”的关注是有限的，所以还需要不断学习。故选C项。 67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把自己重塑为大器晚成的滑雪者或马拉松选手的前景，只会激发一种闲散的兴趣，就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。A. reinventing重塑；B. declaring宣布；C. justifying证明；D. marketing营销。根据下文“late-blooming skier”以及语境可知，这里指作者假设对自我形象重塑。故选A项。 68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：把自己重塑为大器晚成的滑雪者或马拉松选手的前景，只会激发一种闲散的兴趣，就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。A. wondering好奇；B. ignoring忽视；C. recognizing认出；D. describing描述。根据上文“sparks only an idle interest”以及语境可知，idle interest对应“好奇”的心态，这里指就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。故选A项。 69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有一种方式可以把这种不情愿视为积极的事情。A. curiosity好奇；B. pleasure快乐；C. anxiety焦虑；D. reluctance不情愿。根据上文“Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner”以及语境可知，作者不想念成为初学者的时刻，所以这里指作者对重新开始学习有不情愿。故选D项。 70．考查名词短语辨析。句意：无如果你热爱你的工作，并发现它在智力和创造性上都能满足你的需求，那么你可能就不会有发现自己内心其他空间的冲动，不管怎样隐藏的才华和错失的机会可能就在那里。A. satisfied needs满足了的需求；B. hidden talents隐藏的天赋；C. trained skills培训技能；D. buried memories埋藏的记忆。根据下文“missed opportunities”以及选项可知，与“missed opportunities” 并列的应是“隐藏的天赋”，这里指因为太满足于生活所以不会去发掘自己还有什么隐藏的天赋。故选B项。 71．考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：但也有不那么愉快的力量在起作用。A. less happy不那么愉快的；B. more entertaining更有趣的；C. less intense不那么强烈的；D. more visible更明显的。根据下文“the fear of being bad”以及语境可知，这是属于不愉快的因素。故选A项。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：中年带来了更大的情绪平静，这是一个不起眼的优势，但也是一种解脱。A. fear恐惧；B. relief解脱；C. burden负担；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“greater emotional calm”以及语境可知，emotional calm对应的是一种解脱感，因为无需像年轻时那样大起大落。故选B项。 73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在四五十岁时，它不太可能改变你的命运。A. observe观察；B. transform改变；C. predict预测；D. control控制。根据上文“It might be fun”以及but表示转折可知，这里指中年学习难以改变命运。故选B项。 74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这不正是让终身学习如此吸引人的原因吗？A. confusing令人困惑的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. engaging吸引人的；D. demanding要求高的。根据下文“we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity”可知，终身学习是吸引人的。故选C项。 75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学习不再是为了掌握，而是为了拥抱这个持续的过程本身。A. redefining重新定义；B. completing完成；C. reversing逆转；D. embracing拥抱。根据下文“ongoing process”以及语境可知，这里指我们应拥抱学习过程而非追求掌握一定知识。故选D项。 Passage 1 （2026 上海市格致中学） The word “cool” has been cool for a long time. 1 associated with temperature, by the 16th century, the term had evolved to describe an internal state of calm. And by the late 1800s, it began to describe a style and 2 some of the other meanings with which it is associated today. Now, cool is used as a synonym (同义词) for almost anything 3 . Music can be cool and so can restaurants. But not all expressions 4 . In the 1940s, someone who dressed fashionably might be described as “spiffy.” These days, teenagers might use “on fleek.” Tell someone today that they look 5 and people will think you’re caught in a time warp (时间错位). Language is constantly 6 . Certain words and phrases catch on while others die out. So what leads some expressions to become more successful than others? Why do some 7 the test of time while others die out? To study these questions, scientists turned to a database of more than five million books from the last 200 years. They tracked the 8 of thousands of expressions over time. Interestingly, they discovered that our 9 have a big impact on linguistic (语言的) success. In the 1800s, 10 , people used “sudden increase” to refer to a quick rise in something. But “sharp increase” was introduced around 1900 and is now much more popular. Similarly, while people used to use “promising future” to suggest that good things would be coming, “bright future” soon 11 and now is used 2.4 times as frequently. Such sensory expressions are more successful because they’re more 12 . Sensory expressions help express abstract concepts by 13 them to direct bodily experiences with the physical world. Calling an 14 person “cold,” for example, suggests that, like a bitter winter, he or she is not very popular. These findings help explain why some expressions live on. Just as natural selection influences finches’ beaks and giraffes’ necks, psychological processes of memory and transmission 15 language. This cultural selection determines what succeeds, and what fails. In this case, our senses may help explain why “cool” has been hot for so long. 1．A．Closely B．Definitely C．Eventually D．Originally 2．A．carry B．grasp C．know D．understand 3．A．calm B．fantastic C．ideal D．specific 4．A．change B．continue C．endure D．exist 5．A．cool B．fashionable C．spiffy D．terrific 6．A．enriching B．evolving C．expanding D．extending 7．A．mark B．set C．survive D．take 8．A．frequency B．popularity C．sources D．usage 9．A．brains B．cultures C．senses D．surroundings 10．A．in addition B．by comparison C．at first D．for instance 11．A．gave out B．got over C．took over D．wore out 12．A．characteristic B．familiar C．memorable D．visual 13．A．applying B．attaching C．committing D．linking 14．A．unapproachable B．unfamiliar C．unfortunate D．unsocial 15．A．improve B．master C．practice D．shape 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“cool”一词的演变，探讨语言的变化规律及感官表达更易流传的原因。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“cool”这个词长期以来一直很“酷”。起初它与温度有关，到16世纪，这个词已经演变为描述一种内心的平静状态。A. Closely紧密地；B. Definitely肯定地；C. Eventually最终；D. Originally起初，最初。根据后文“by the 16th century”和“by the late 1800s”的时间递进，此处指“cool”一词最初的含义。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到19世纪末，它开始描述一种风格，并承载了一些如今与之相关的其他含义。A. carry承载，携带；B. grasp抓住，理解；C. know知道；D. understand理解。结合后文“some of the other meanings with which it is associated today”可知，此处指“cool”一词承载了新的含义。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，“cool”几乎被用作任何极好事物的同义词。音乐可以很“酷”，餐厅也可以。A. calm平静的；B. fantastic极好的，绝妙的；C. ideal理想的；D. specific具体的。根据后文“Music can be cool and so can restaurants”可知，“cool”可以用来表示很棒的事物。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但并非所有表达都能持久。A. change改变；B. continue继续；C. endure持续，持久；D. exist存在。根据后文“In the 1940s, someone who dressed fashionably might be described as “spiffy.” These days, teenagers might use “on fleek.””可知，有些表达会消失，不能持久。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今告诉别人他们看起来很“spiffy”，人们会认为你陷入了时间错位。A. cool酷的；B. fashionable时尚的；C. spiffy整洁漂亮的，时髦的；D. terrific极好的。结合前文“In the 1940s, someone who dressed fashionably might be described as ‘spiffy’”和后文“people will think you’re caught in a time warp (时间错位)”可知，“spiffy”是过去的表达，现在使用会显得过时。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言在不断演变。A. enriching丰富；B. evolving演变，进化；C. expanding扩张；D. extending延伸。根据后文“Certain words and phrases catch on while others die out”可知，语言一直在变化、演变。故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么有些能经受住时间的考验，而有些却会消失？A. mark标记；B. set设置；C. survive幸存，经受住；D. take拿，采取。结合后文“the test of time”和“others die out”可知，此处指有些表达能经受住时间考验，survive the test of time为固定搭配，意为“经受住时间的考验”。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们追踪了成千上万个表达方式在不同时期的出现频率。A. frequency频率；B. popularity流行度；C. sources来源；D. usage使用，用法。结合前文“To study these questions, scientists turned to a database of more than five million books from the last 200 years.”和后文“thousands of expressions over time”以及“now is used 2.4 times as frequently”可知，此处指科学家统计某个词/某种表达方式在不同时期出现的次数与频率。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，他们发现我们的感官对语言的成功有很大影响。A. brains大脑；B. cultures文化；C. senses感官；D. surroundings环境。根据后文“Such sensory expressions are more successful”可知，此处指感官的影响。故选C。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在19世纪，人们用“sudden increase”来指某事物的快速增长。A. in addition此外；B. by comparison相比之下；C. at first起初；D. for instance例如。根据后文“people used “sudden increase” to refer to a quick rise in something. But “sharp increase” was introduced around 1900 and is now much more popular. Similarly, while people used to use “promising future” to suggest that good things would be coming, “bright future” soon ____ and now is used 2.4 times as frequently.”可知，举例说明感官表达的优势。故选D。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同样，虽然人们过去常用“promising future”表示好事即将到来，但“bright future”很快取代了它，现在的使用频率是它的2.4倍。A. gave out分发，耗尽；B. got over克服；C. took over取代，接管；D. wore out磨损，耗尽。结合后文“now is used 2.4 times as frequently”可知，“bright future”取代了“promising future”。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样的感官表达更成功，因为它们更容易被记住。A. characteristic典型的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. memorable易记住的；D. visual视觉的。结合后文“Sensory expressions help express abstract concepts”可知，感官表达更易被记住，所以更成功。故选C。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：感官表达通过将抽象概念与对物理世界的直接身体体验联系起来，帮助表达抽象概念。A. applying应用；B. attaching附着；C. committing承诺；D. linking连接，联系。根据后文“them to direct bodily experiences with the physical world”可知，这里说的是将抽象概念与直接的身体体验相联系，link...to...为固定搭配，意为“将……与……联系起来”，符合语境。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，称一个难以接近的人为“冷漠的（cold）”，意味着他或她就像寒冬一样，不太受欢迎。A. unapproachable难以接近的；B. unfamiliar不熟悉的；C. unfortunate不幸的；D. unsocial不合群的。结合后文“like a bitter winter, he or she is not very popular”可知，此处指难以接近的人。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如自然选择影响雀类的喙和长颈鹿的脖子一样，记忆和传播的心理过程塑造了语言。A. improve改善；B. master掌握；C. practice练习；D. shape塑造。结合后文“This cultural selection determines what succeeds, and what fails”可知，心理过程促成了语言的塑造。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市浦东新区进才中学） Path to Excellence What does it take to become the best at something? According to a recent research published in Science, the answer may not lie in childhood excellence or in lifelong 16 . Instead, the approach to becoming exceptional at a skill might be   17 . The team tracked subjects in different performance areas, from sports to chess to classical music, into their professional, adult careers. Somewhat against common sense, people who showed the greatest promise in their discipline as children 18 went on to top the list in their field as adults. Those who made that grade, 19 , didn’t shine early on. They also tended to reach their height later and keep their interests   20 for longer. The findings challenge the “10,000-hour rule,” the idea that if someone spends 10,000 hours deliberately practicing a skill, they will master it, says psychologist Brooke Macnamara, who co-authored the analysis. The team followed   21 violin students, all of whom had each accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age 14. Most 22 being second-level performers later in life, though. There continues increasing 23 with regard to the received wisdom that the best way to nurture talented youngsters is to identify and drill them intensely from an early age. How do these late bloomers   24 future excellence then? One possible theory the team proposes is “search and 25 ”, an idea stemming from labour-market economics. Patiently exploring a wide range of interests before choosing which to 26 in gives a better chance of finding the field best suited to natural strengths. Rafael Nadal — an all-time-great tennis player — considered a career in football before committing himself to tennis. The second is “enhanced learning” theory. Learning is itself a(n) 27 skill, and a good way to acquire it is to pursue various things. Young players can avoid burnout caused by sticking to one activity 28 all else. When narrowing down to the final pursuit, their better transferring ability makes progress easier. It’s not suggesting people don’t need to put in effort to become a chess grandmaster or a Wimbledon winner. But it truly matters for institutions and coaches who might be 29 directing valuable resources at the kids who show potentials early on. “For people who didn’t follow the prodigy (神童) route, it’s reassuring to know you are in good   30 !” Macnamara says. “Most world-class performers didn’t, either.” 16．A．exposure B．approval C．dedication D．optimism 17．A．winding B．unparalleled C．consistent D．accumulative 18．A．narrowly B．barely C．absolutely D．invariably 19．A．in this sense B．as a result C．in other words D．on the contrary 20．A．healthier B．broader C．odder D．commoner 21．A．high-spirited B．top-performing C．well-behaved D．self-regulating 22．A．stood out B．reflected on C．ended up D．dreamed of 23．A．evidence B．tension C．doubt D．excitement 24．A．secure B．anticipate C．contain D．prize 25．A．survive B．adap$ 专题03 完形填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型一: 说明文（5篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市晋元高级中学） Cyclists in Copenhagen, Denmark, pedal an estimated 1.4 million kilometers per weekday, not just for environmental reasons, but because it’s the easiest way to cross the city. 1 by the area’s naturally flat terrain (地形), officials have built an infrastructure that encourages and rewards cycling. The city has 380 kilometers of dedicated bike 2 , which are a minimum of 2.2 meters wide in each direction and separated from the road and pavement on either side, 3 are synchronizes (同步) with the average speed of cyclists to keep cycle traffic flowing, and have a “pre-green” light to give cyclists a five-second head-start over cars at crossings. Cyclists also benefit from cyclist — only bridges and superhighways that 4 traffic-light-free travel between the city centre and neighbouring towns. “Our main principle is physical 5 ; paint is not enough,” says Marie Kastrup, head of Copenhagen’s Bicycle Program. “You have to put yourself in the mind of someone who is not a(n) 6 cyclist.” City planners elsewhere are 7 Copenhagen as they encourage cycling in their fight against congested roads and carbon emissions. In 2019, New York passed laws requiring 400 more kilometers of protected bicycle lanes (bike lanes that are 8 separated from traffic) to be built over five years, and London’s protected cycling infrastructure has doubled in size since 2016. Oslo has uprooted large sections of the city to imitate Copenhagen’s design in 9 cycle lanes, and bike trips in Seville, Spain, multiplied 11-fold. Besides the efforts made by cities with flat terrain, Lisbon has shown that cycling can even work in 10 cities, thanks to carefully planned routes and electric bike rental. “The bike is not an over-hyped, new technology like the autonomous car, and we are seeing more cities making it work in different 11 ,” James Thoem, an urban planner at Copenhagennize Design Co., says. For people to 12 , Thoem says, they must feel “safe across the whole journey — not just corridors here and there.” He describes some current cycle schemes as like a subway network with 13 lines in different areas of the city: “Nobody would use this, because it wouldn’t take them anywhere,” he says. 14 are often raised to the installation of cycle routes because they are perceived to be reducing the limited amount of road space for drivers. Dedring, a global transport leader, says that a cultural shift within agencies may need to happen to encourage cycling. “For public transport agencies, people moving on buses and trains is a source of fare revenue (收益), 15 walking and cycling can be seen as a direct threat because it’s free and hence doesn’t generate fare revenue,” she says. 1．A．Persuaded B．Occupied C．Challenged D．Assisted 2．A．parkings B．lanes C．stores D．trips 3．A．Traffic lights B．Police officers C．Road conditions D．Bicycle lanes 4．A．prevent B．connect C．provide D．shorten 5．A．health B．warning C．benefit D．separation 6．A．social B．independent C．confident D．urban 7．A．looking to B．differentiated from C．opposed to D．competing with 8．A．visually B．cautiously C．temporarily D．physically 9．A．marking B．accommodating C．preserving D．evaluating 10．A．modernized B．flat C．hilly D．historic 11．A．contexts B．periods C．directions D．journeys 12．A．benefit B．socialize C．commute D．cycle 13．A．complex B．disconnected C．insecure D．unrealistic 14．A．Objections B．Proposals C．Expenses D．Plans 15．A．and thus B．because C．but D．unless Passage 2 （2026 上海市七宝中学） For all the talk of dogs and humans being best friends, sometimes representatives of the two species just don’t click. Giving up an unsuitable family pet can be heartbreaking, but, if the animal is an expensive working dog, it can also be financially ruinous. Guide dogs, for example, can cost up to $50,000 to train, but about a third are returned because they don’t click with their allocated owner. To cut down on the number of 16 , researchers in Germany are trying to develop more harmonious pooch-person relationships. Their work towards that goal has now confirmed what many dog-owners already suspect, and what some may be 17 to admit: dogs really do look like their humans. More relevant to the quest for lasting friendships, they have similar 18 too. “We are interested in understanding what makes a good dog-owner match and to find out how we can find the right dog for a person,” says Yana Bender, a PhD student at the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Jena. “To do that, we first need to establish the status quo(现状): are dogs and their owners 19 more similar or more different?” Writing in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, Ms Bender and her colleagues have reviewed the 20 evidence to show how the similarities show through. One domain concerns physical appearance. While it might sound barking, numerous studies in recent decades have shown that people really can match pictures of dogs to their owners more often and more 21 than would be possible with guesswork alone. Some sources of similarity are clear: women with short hair tend to own dogs with short ears, for example, while those with long hair tend to 22 long-eared breeds. People with higher body-mass-indices also tend to have more overweight dogs. Other connections are less 23 , as shown by research revealing dogs and owners can be correctly 24 from pictures in which only their eyes are visible. A similar affinity bias may be at play for invisible characteristics as well, with owners’ personality traits 25 in the way their dogs behave. 26 owners have dogs that are more nervous around strangers, neurotics are more likely to pair with aggressive pets and conscientious people own dogs that are more motivated and easier to train. Owners of breeds classed as dangerous, such as the 27 XL Bully, rate themselves higher on traits like sensation-seeking and psychopathy. What is going on? Psychologists have known for decades that humans place more 28 on relationships with people that look and behave like them, and the same seems to 29 dogs. Women with short hair rate short-eared breeds such as the Siberian Husky and Basenji as friendlier and more intelligent. Long-haired women think the same about Beagles and Springer Spaniels. The phenomenon of matching personalities appears to be more complex than that of matching looks. 30 people simply selecting a dog they believe matches their personality, the moods and behaviour of the owner could influence and shape the dog over time—and to a lesser extent, vice versa. Being around less confident people, for example, could make a dog more nervous, while having an anxious dog can exacerbate an owner’s worries. 16．A．mistakes B．mismatches C．misconceptions D．misfortunes 17．A．ready B．anxious C．confident D．reluctant 18．A．personalities B．appearances C．preferences D．tastes 19．A．especially B．coincidentally C．generally D．previously 20．A．adaptable B．acceptable C．available D．additional 21．A．randomly B．reliably C．regretfully D．respectively 22．A．introduce B．dislike C．improve D．favor 23．A．obvious B．complicated C．indirect D．vague 24．A．trained B．restricted C．paired D．navigated 25．A．recorded B．mirrored C．rewarded D．mastered 26．A．Extroverted B．Intelligent C．Careful D．Introverted 27．A．friendly B．notorious C．remarkable D．peculiar 28．A．value B．performance C．strength D．advantage 29．A．refer to B．react to C．subject to D．apply to 30．A．In particular B．Or rather C．Rather than D．In response Passage 3 （2026 上海市静安区） Why Do People Like Bubble Wrap So Much? It pads. It protects. And, best of all, it pops! That’s right, today we’re talking about everyone’s favorite packing material. Bubble wrap! Have you ever had the pleasure of popping the small air-filled bubbles that 31 a sheet of bubble wrap? If so, you know there’s something highly satisfying about it. Have you ever wondered why popping them is so much fun? Why do people like bubble wrap? It turns out that there is some 32 behind the human connection to bubble wrap. Some experts believe it’s similar to the 33 to fidget. Fidgeting refers to unconscious movements people make to reduce stress or maintain focus. Do you click a pen or bounce your leg while you’re listening? Maybe you like to doodle in the corners of your notes or 34 a stress ball. These small actions are all types of fidgeting. While some people think fidgeting is 35 , it’s actually been shown to increase attention span. It also 36 with the retention of information. Similarly, a study revealed that people report feeling more 37 after popping bubble wrap. The results also showed that people who popped bubble wrap were calmer afterward than those who did not. So, like fidgeting, popping bubble wrap may increase people’s 38 to pay attention and remember what they learn. Experts also say the enjoyment of bubble wrap may be tied to human evolution. In other words, your brain is 39 to enjoy it! Early humans had to be on their toes all the time. They needed to be ready to run from a predator at a moment’s 40 . Today, people spend a lot of time sitting, 41 at school and at work. As a result, the body may build a lot of muscle tension for 42 of movement. Popping bubble wrap helps 43 that muscle tension. It reduces stress and anxiety. 44 , studies have shown that, sometimes, the human brain receives feel-good chemicals like dopamine after popping bubble wrap. So that may be why it feels so satisfying! Do you have any creative ways to use bubble wrap? Or would you rather just have fun popping it? Either way, this fun fidget item isn’t 45 anytime soon. So pop away! 31．A．cover up B．consist of C．fill out D．make up 32．A．science B．misunderstanding C．mystery D．agreement 33．A．chance B．need C．right D．aim 34．A．spot B．squeeze C．apply D．release 35．A．shocking B．amusing C．distracting D．convincing 36．A．contrasts B．helps C．changes D．interacts 37．A．panic B．restless C．alert D．upset 38．A．range B．status C．distress D．ability 39．A．wired B．arranged C．allowed D．challenged 40．A．rest B．reminder C．notice D．hesitation 41．A．nearly B．specially C．especially D．roughly 42．A．excess B．lack C．rhythm D．pattern 43．A．relax B．blame C．strengthen D．explore 44．A．Instead B．In other words C．By contrast D．In fact 45．A．approaching B．disappearing C．measuring D．developing Passage 4 （2026 上海市进才中学） Ultra-Processed Food Could Be Taking Years off Your Life They’re cheap, convenient, and engineered to taste oddly delicious — but new research suggests that eating a diet high in ultra-processed food could quietly increase your risk of dying years earlier than expected. A massive international study published this week in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine analyzed data from more than 240,000 adults across eight countries and found a clear 46 between diets high in ultra-processed foods and premature death. Specifically, the researchers estimated that in the. U. S., up to 14% of all early deaths — defined as dying between ages 30 and 69 — could be 47 to these types of foods. “The findings support that ultra-processed food 48 contributes significantly to the overall burden of disease in many countries,” the researchers wrote, adding that reducing these foods should be part of public health policy. That might sound 49 , but it tracks with what nutrition experts have been saying for years. Ultra-processed foods — packaged items loaded with additives, flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives — 50 about 70% of the modern food supply. That includes chips, sodas, frozen meals, sugary cereals, protein bars, and even many items that look healthy on the surface. “These are foods that definitely don’t exist in nature by themselves,” said dietitian Scott Keatley, R. D．, explaining that they’re built for shelf life and addictive flavor, not 51 . Beyond the lack of vitamins or fiber, ultra-processed foods tend to 52 out whole foods that actually support health. According to Keatley, this dietary shift 53 the risk of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, visceral fat buildup, and DNA damage — factors that are all linked to heart disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. “Over time, the cumulative (累积的) damage can 54 years off a lifespan,” he said, “especially in people who are already metabolically vulnerable.” That doesn’t mean you have to live on kale (羽衣甘蓝) and salmon forever. Dietitian Jessica Cording, R. D．, recommends a balanced 85/15 55 . This means eating mostly whole foods, while still leaving room for 56 processed options. “It’s not 57 that the foods are a one-way ticket to early death,” she said. “But it’s more like there are things that happen because of them.” Even within the ultra-processed 58 , some choices are better than others. A fortified (营养强化的) plant milk or a low-sugar protein bar is miles better than a sleeve of frosted pastries. But nutritionists agree: chips, soda, and frozen desserts shouldn't be your main dietary 59 . 60 , what you eat most often — not occasionally — is what ends up shaping your long-term health. 46．A．contrast B．sign C．fault D．connection 47．A．attributed B．submitted C．distributed D．restricted 48．A．production B．intake C．transport D．storage 49．A．dramatic B．appealing C．selective D．established 50．A．put up B．bring up C．make up D．push up 51．A．calorie B．nutrition C．contribution D．satisfaction 52．A．crowd B．run C．burn D．work 53．A．maps B．marks C．raises D．ruins 54．A．add B．drive C．pick D．shave 55．A．conclusion B．procedure C．gap D．approach 56．A．occasional B．multiple C．complex D．eventual 57．A．originally B．deliberately C．practically D．essentially 58．A．schedule B．category C．reach D．program 59．A．requests B．channels C．characters D．directions 60．A．In turn B．After all C．To conclude D．On purpose Passage 5 （2026 上海市上海交通大学附属中学） A great deal of what is taught in a university environment is theory and not fact. Although 61 actual evidence, the majority of thinking is conclusions that writers and researches have drawn from their analysis of relevant data. Writers and researchers 62 ideas about what is going on in the world and then research evidence to support or challenge these ideas. 63 , academic debate is founded on an exchange of ideas or theories. If one person puts forward an idea or theory, then other people will often put forward 64 . When you as a student writer/researcher enter a debate, you become part of this ongoing discussion contributing to the body of knowledge surrounding the issue under discussion. For example, Piaget’s and Donaldson’s views 65 on how children develop. Piaget proposed that children’s thinking does not develop entirely smoothly. 66 , there are certain points at which it takes off and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. Piaget saw these transitions as taking place at about 18months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that 67 these ages children are not capable of understanding concepts and/or ideas in certain ways. Piaget’s proposal has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. On the other hand, Donaldson’s theory focuses on the concept of embedded (嵌入式的) and disembedded thinking. Thinking that is placed in a familiar context makes “human” sense and is more easily understood by children who are able to 68 with it. When children are asked to do something outside their limits of human sense—that is, when something is 69 —their thinking is disembedded and it fails to make sense. Donaldson challenged Piaget’s theory of children having a 70 on their thinking. She encouraged practioners, like teachers, to 71 what children are able to do rather than focusing on the things they cannot do. She believed that in order to educate young children effectively, practitioners must decentre and try to present things from 72 point of view. What this means for you is that, while there is often a(n) 73 viewpoint on a particular issue, there will be other viewpoints that you can explore and analyze through literature. To be able to think critically, you must be willing to question your own views and be 74 the ideas and views of others. You also need to be confident enough to recognize that just because something is in print does not mean it is 75 . 61．A．prepared for B．devoted to C．measured by D．based on 62．A．suggest B．confirm C．abandon D．appreciate 63．A．As usual B．Above all C．In detail D．In fact 64．A．proofs B．alternatives C．plans D．solutions 65．A．depend B．differ C．insist D．agree 66．A．Instead B．Nevertheless C．Consequently D．Meanwhile 67．A．between B．after C．before D．at 68．A．leave B．grow C．reason D．stick 69．A．unfamiliar B．uninteresting C．insensible D．independent 70．A．focus B．ceiling C．suggestion D．conclusion 71．A．take over B．make up C．put aside D．seek out 72．A．a parent’s B．a teacher’s C．a child’s D．an expert’s 73．A．opposing B．original C．dominant D．defensive 74．A．good for B．particular about C．satisfied with D．open to 75．A．unique B．true C．typical D．clear 语篇类型二: 议论文（3篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市复旦大学附属中学） Today we live in a society structured to promote early bloomers. Our school system has 1 people by the time they are 18, using grades and SAT scores. Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind. Many prominent models of success, like Bill Gates or Taylor Swift, achieved fame 2 . Magazines publish lists with headlines like “30 Under 30” to 3 youthful superstars on the rise. “Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history. But for many people, the talents that bloom later in life are more 4 than the ones that bloom early. A 2019 study by researchers in Denmark found that, on average, Nobel Prize winners made their crucial discoveries at the age of 44. Even brilliant people apparently need at least a couple of decades to master their field. Successful late bloomers are all around us. Colonel Harland Sanders started Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s. Isak Dinesen published the book that 5 her literary reputation, Out of Africa, at 52. If Samuel Johnson had died at 40, few would remember him, but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. Why do some people 6 later than others? In his book Late Bloomers, the journalist Rich Karlgaard points out that this is really two questions: First, why didn’t these people bloom earlier? Second, what traits or skills did they 7 that enabled them to bloom late? It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable—they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age. Late bloomers tend to be 8 different, displaying a different set of abilities that are mostly 9 to or discouraged by our current education system. They usually have to invent their own paths. Late bloomers “fulfill their potential frequently in novel and unexpected ways,” Karlgaard writes, “surprising even those 10 to them.” These people don’t do as much advance planning as the conceptual 11 , but they regard their entire lives as experiments. They try something and learn, and then they try something else and learn more. Their focus is not on their 12 work, which they often toss away haphazardly. Their focus is on the process of learning itself: Am I closer to understanding, to mastering? They live their lives as a long period of 13 , trying this and trying that, a slow process of 14 and elaboration, so the quality of their work peaks late in life. They are the ugly ducklings of human achievement, who, over the decades, turn themselves into 15 . 1．A．united B．sorted C．engaged D．labeled 2．A．overnight B．by chance C．late in life D．at an early age 3．A．marvel B．glorify C．document D．approve 4．A．consequential B．predictable C．respectful D．conclusive 5．A．deserved B．restored C．saved D．established 6．A．bounce back B．hit their peak C．turn over a new leaf D．come into play 7．A．draw B．master C．possess D．lack 8．A．qualitatively B．tremendously C．initially D．distinctly 9．A．subject B．essential C．equivalent D．invisible 10．A．indifferent B．superior C．close D．familiar 11．A．boomers B．seekers C．models D．geniuses 12．A．finished B．worthwhile C．individual D．intellectual 13．A．ebb and flow B．trial and error C．think and act D．hit and miss 14．A．evolution B．accumulation C．progression D．exploitation 15．A．dragons B．phoenixes C．swans D．peacocks Passage 2 （2026 上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学） AI can transform education for the better As students return to classrooms for the new year, it is striking to reflect on how little education has changed in recent decades. The sector remains a digital laggard (落后者). American schools and universities spend 2% and 5% of their budgets, 16 , on technology, compared with 8% for the average American company. When the pandemic forced schools and universities to shut down, the moment for a digital 17 seemed close when the market value of online tutoring providers like Chegg and Byju’s both increased. However, once covid was brought under control, classes continued much as before. If the pandemic couldn’t overcome the education sector’s 18 to digital interruption, can artificial intelligence? ChatGPT-like generative AI, which can converse cleverly on varieties of subjects, certainly 19 . So much so that educationalists began to 20 that students would use it to cheat on essays and homework. Increasingly, however, it is generating excitement as a means to provide 21 tutoring to various students and speed up boring tasks such as marking. Learners, for their part, are 22 the technology. Two-fifths of undergraduates reported using an AI chatbot to help them with their studies. Indeed, the technology’s popularity has raised awkward questions for companies like Chegg, which was losing customers 23 ChatGPT. Yet there are good reasons to believe that education specialists like Chegg who employ AI will eventually 24 generalists such as OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT. For one, AI chatbots often talk nonsense, an unhelpful trait in an educational context. “Students want content from 25 providers,” argues Kate Edwards, chief pedagogist at Pearson, a textbook publisher. The company has not allowed ChatGPT and other AIs to 26 its material, but has instead used the content to train its own models, which it is embedding into its set of learning apps. 27 , as Chegg’s Mr Rosensweig argues, teaching is not merely about giving students an answer, but about presenting it in a way that helps them learn. Understanding pedagogy (教学法) thus gives education specialists an 28 . Pearson has designed its AI tools to 29 students by breaking complex topics down, testing their understanding and providing quick feedback, says Ms Edwards. Byju’s is incorporating “forgetting curves” for students into the design of its AI tutoring tools, refreshing their memories at personalized 30 . Bringing AI to education will not be easy, but once answers on how to make use of this technology become clearer, such a development will certainly deserve top marks. 16．A．respectively B．appropriately C．totally D．ultimately 17．A．divide B．reverse C．boom D．withdrawal 18．A．tendency B．resistance C．attention D．anxiety 19．A．serve the purposeB．break the ice C．take the initiative D．do some good 20．A．maintain B．panic C．doubt D．wonder 21．A．personalized B．individualistic C．characteristic D．attentive 22．A．attempting B．declining C．opposing D．embracing 23．A．for B．under C．to D．in 24．A．detect B．transform C．overtake D．enhance 25．A．comprehensive B．advanced C．distinguished D．trusted 26．A．give away B．take in C．bring about D．hold up 27．A．By contrast B．Despite this C．What’s more D．As a result 28．A．applause B．edge C．hesitation D．improvement 29．A．convince B．engage C．capture D．challenge 30．A．intervals B．cost C．mercy D．best Passage 3 （2026 上海市七宝中学） Since the start of the industrial revolution, there have been threats that new machines — from mechanised looms to microchips — would usurp (侵占) human jobs. For the most part, the humans have prevailed (获胜，盛行). Now, say some experts, with AI ubiquity on the horizon, the 31 is being realised: the robots really are coming for some jobs. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could do a quarter of all the work 32 done by humans. Across the European Union and US, the report further notes, 300 million jobs could be lost to 33 . And that could be dire, says Martin Ford, author of Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything. “It's not just that this would happen to 34 , but it could be pretty systemic,” he says. “It could happen to a lot of people, potentially quite suddenly, potentially all at the same time. And that has 35 not just for those individuals, but for the whole economy.” Thankfully, it’s not all bad news. The experts 36 their warnings with a caveat: there are still things AI isn’t capable of — tasks that involve 37 human qualities, like emotional intelligence and outside-the-box thinking. And moving into roles that center those skills could help 38 the chances of being replaced. “I think there are generally three 39 that are going to be relatively insulated (绝缘的，隔热的) in the foreseeable future,” says Ford. “The first would be jobs that are genuinely 40 : you’re not doing formulaic work or just rearranging things, but you're genuinely coming up with new ideas and building something new.” The second safe zone, he continues, is jobs that require 41 interpersonal relationships. He points to nurses, business consultants and investigative journalists. These are jobs, he says, “where you need a very deep 42 of people. I think it’ll be a long time before AI has the ability to interact in the kinds of ways that really build relationships”. The third safe zone, says Ford, “are jobs that really require lots of mobility and dexterity and problem-solving ability in 43 environments”. Many trade jobs – think electricians, plumbers, welders and the like – fall under this umbrella. “These are the kinds of jobs where you're dealing with a new situation all the time,” he adds. “They are probably the hardest of anything to automate. In order to automate jobs like this, you would need a science fiction robot. You’d need Star Wars’s C-3PO.” While humans will likely remain in jobs that fall within those categories, that doesn’t mean those professions are totally insulated from the ascent of AI. In fact, says Joanne Song McLaughlin, associate professor of labor economics at the University of Buffalo, US, most jobs, regardless of 44 , have aspects that are likely to be automated by the 45 . In short, seeking roles in dynamic, shifting environments that include unpredictable tasks is good way to stave off (挡开，避开 ) job loss to AI. At least, for a while. 31．A．issue B．threat C．ambition D．target 32．A．temporarily B．potentially C．currently D．probably 33．A．automation B．revolution C．imagination D．information 34．A．individuals B．white collars C．manual workers D．designers 35．A．benefits B．comments C．fascinations D．implications 36．A．receive B．propose C．issue D．cancel 37．A．indifferently B．distinctly C．deliberately D．collaboratively 38．A．increase B．lessen C．seize D．treasure 39．A．contents B．preferences C．factors D．categories 40．A．traditional B．physical C．creative D．mental 41．A．distant B．foreseeable C．simple D．sophisticated 42．A．administration B．development C．understanding D．misinterpretation 43．A．unpredictable B．dangerous C．controllable D．noisy 44．A．position B．occupation C．income D．industry 45．A．engineer B．technology C．potential D．tendency 语篇类型三: 记叙文（5篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海市青浦高级中学） Poet and writer Maya Angelou did not speak for five years when she was a child. It was a local teacher who helped her get back her 1 . The patient teacher’s support over the years changed Maya Angelou and has a(n) 2 throughout her life. Maya’s self-kept 3 began after a traumatic (造成创伤的) incident, which caused her to believe that her words would bring bad luck. Her family also chose to never speak of the incident again, so Angelou did not 4 the support and help she needed during those five years. 5 , after Maya met her new teacher, Bertha Flowers, everything changed. Bertha 6 Maya’s problem and gave her individual attention. She told young Maya, “Reading a lot is good, but not good enough. Words mean 7 what is set down on paper. It 8 on the human voice to fill up deeper meaning.” Her words struck Maya and their relationship grew as Bertha 9 Maya with new books and increased her motivation to read more, which planted a seed of literature in her heart. Although, for a long time, young Maya buried herself in the books, she 10 to open her mouth. Bertha broke through Maya’s long silence by 11 Maya that she was not really in love with poems until she read them aloud. Maya, encouraged, read out the first lines and heard the poem come alive from her own 12 . Eventually, at the age of 13, Maya began speaking again, and her journey in literature also had a good 13 . “I felt accepted and expected then, and what a(n) 14 my teacher has made!” said Maya Angelou. The story is an inspiring example of the important role that teachers play in their students’ lives, and it is also a(n) 15 of how much children can accomplish when they really get encouragement along the way. 1．A．beauty B．voice C．childhood D．book 2．A．goal B．problem C．effect D．idea 3．A．silence B．illness C．splendour D．behavior 4．A．recognize B．receive C．require D．remember 5．A．Actually B．Ironically C．Intellectually D．Fortunately 6．A．solved B．cleaned C．stopped D．noticed 7．A．rather than B．other than C．more than D．less than 8．A．reflects B．depends C．puts D．carries 9．A．provided B．served C．agreed D．associated 10．A．determined B．ignored C．refused D．attempted 11．A．telling B．warning C．thanking D．begging 12．A．ears B．eyes C．nose D．lips 13．A．ending B．start C．result D．secret 14．A．plan B．lecture C．difference D．impression 15．A．chapter B．story C．explanation D．reminder Passage 2 （2026 上海市控江中学） It is springtime, and the city feels especially glorious. If we were to reflect on what has brought us joy in our daily life, birds would probably be enjoying a top 16 on the happy list for many. Especially those we saw outside of our windows or, in New York City, on the street. Three species in particular 17 the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners: house sparrows, pigeons and starlings (椋鸟). All of these species are invasive. When these species were first introduced, the scientific fields of ecology and conservation were almost 18 , and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea. I have been studying starlings in New York City since 2016. I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them 19 on the street. I was initially fascinated by their adaptability to the 20 landscape, especially their 21 flexibility. They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens. The sounds they make are so 22 that you might not recognize that they are coming from the same species. If you listen closely, you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound. You may not consider it 23 enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless. When you stare at them, as I have many times, they never ever appear to look at you, but they obviously see you because they 24 incredibly rapidly to absolutely any movement or disturbance. They are off 25 , always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture. Sometimes, I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country, and could just enjoy watching them in quiet 26 . And I wonder if you can know about their paths of 27 and still appreciate aspects of their behavior. At times this winter, nothing in the 28 environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world. And then way up in that bit of sky, beside the water tower, I spotted five of them. I’d know their triangular wings, and their suspicious (有疑心的) and 29 behavior, anywhere. As they flew up and 30 , they inspired my hope for bluer skies and future springtime. 16．A．peak B．spot C．attraction D．idea 17．A．impact B．imitate C．dominate D．threaten 18．A．nonstop B．nonexistent C．nonviolent D．nonprofit 19．A．legally B．academically C．generously D．informally 20．A．urban B．natural C．regional D．scenic 21．A．dietary B．flying C．communicative D．behavior 22．A．strange B．similar C．varied D．powerful 23．A．popular B．loud C．clear D．beautiful 24．A．stick B．object C．respond D．apply 25．A．in a flash B．in a word C．in a sense D．in a hurry 26．A．mood B．ignorance C．laboratories D．neighborhoods 27．A．creation B．exploration C．destruction D．depression 28．A．conserved B．hidden C．built D．connected 29．A．quick B．elegant C．commonplace D．dramatic 30．A．out of reach B．out of curiosity C．out of mind D．out of sight Passage 3 （2025 上海市杨浦区模拟） The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government 31 the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have 32 made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get 33 into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic 34 will soon be transformed into colourful bricks. The material engineer’s search to find a (n) 35 solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to 36 a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not 37 . She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very 38 that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by 39 the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.” Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained 40 from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora. The collected plastic is 41 with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The 42 product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks. Matee, who was recently 43 as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental 44 . Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create 45 for the youth.” 31．A．modified B．glorified C．intensified D．justified 32．A．equally B．nearly C．mildly D．barely 33．A．dumped B．turned C．loaded D．leaked 34．A．modes B．ports C．heaps D．costumes 35．A．personal B．feasible C．orderly D．adjustable 36．A．remind B．assure C．convince D．direct 37．A．get off B．give up C．show off D．put out 38．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature 39．A．enclosing B．distributing C．reversing D．channelling 40．A．distantly B．openly C．directly D．secretly 41．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed 42．A．reforming B．resulting C．recovering D．recording 43．A．defended B．criticized C．claimed D．recognized 44．A．honour B．level C．grant D．diploma 45．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment Passage 4 （2025 江苏省苏州市） The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 46 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 47 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 48 explosive. After years of 49 in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 50 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 51 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 52 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 53 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 54 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 55 . He spent his lifetime alone 56 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 57 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 58 saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 59 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 60 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 46．A．remembering B．funding C．crediting D．honouring 47．A．pattern B．conduct C．nature D．affair 48．A．deadly B．usable C．massive D．disastrous 49．A．reference B．hesitation C．efforts D．wisdom 50．A．built up B．put up C．broke up D．brought up 51．A．purposefully B．mistakenly C．unintentionally D．instantly 52．A．scared B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 53．A．blamed B．praised C．appreciated D．favoured 54．A．commercial B．profitable C．sufficient D．rich 55．A．error B．threat C．warning D．consequence 56．A．inventing B．destroying C．combining D．revealing 57．A．establish B．improve C．impact D．confirm 58．A．request B．illustration C．application D．will 59．A．contributions B．trial C．comments D．damage 60．A．called for B．gave away C．took off D．cut back Passage 5 （2025 上海市建平中学） Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner. It has been decades since I’ve sat in a classroom in a gathering cloud of 61 or sincerely tried, lesson after lesson, to acquire a skill that was clearly not destined (注定的) to play a large role in my life. Learning to ride a bicycle in my early thirties was a(n) 62 — a little embarrassing when my husband had to run alongside the bike, as you would with a child but ultimately rewarding. Less so was the time when a group of Japanese schoolchildren tried to teach me paper folding at a public event. I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 63 yet another paper crane. Like Tom Vanderbilt, a journalist and the author of Beginners: The Joy and Transformative Power of Lifelong Learning, I learn new facts all the time but new skills 64 . Journalists regularly drop into 65 subcultures and domains (领域) of expertise, learning enough at least to ask the right questions. The distinction he draws between his energetic gathering of declarative knowledge, or knowing that, and his 66 attention to procedural knowledge, or knowing how, is familiar to me. The prospect of 67 myself as, say, a late-blooming skier or marathon runner sparks only an idle interest, something like 68 what it might be like to live in some small town down the road on the highway. There is certainly a way to see that 69 as something positive. If you love your job and find it intellectually and creatively fulfilling, you may not feel the urge to discover other rooms in the house of your mind, whatever 70 and missed opportunities may be lying there. But there are 71 forces at work, too. There’s the fear of being bad at something you think is worthwhile — and, even more so, being seen to be bad at it. What’s the point of starting something new when you know you’ll never be much good at it? Middle age brings greater emotional calm, an unremarkable advantage but a 72 . (The lows aren’t as low, the highs not as high.) Starting all over at something would put you right back into that emotional churn — excitement, self-doubt, but without renewable energy of youth. It might be fun, but it’s less likely to 73 your fate at forty or fifty. But isn’t that what makes lifelong learning so 74 ? As we fumble through (摸索着) new skills or ideas, we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity. In that way, learning becomes less about mastery and more about 75 the ongoing process itself. 61．A．dissatisfaction B．incomprehension C．uncertainty D．distrust 62．A．routine B．exception C．reminder D．obstacle 63．A．completed B．abandoned C．fixed D．ruined 64．A．carefully B．fast C．seldom D．frequently 65．A．popular B．unfamiliar C．contemporary D．established 66．A．durable B．focused C．limited D．deliberate 67．A．reinventing B．declaring C．justifying D．marketing 68．A．wondering B．ignoring C．recognizing D．describing 69．A．curiosity B．pleasure C．anxiety D．reluctance 70．A．satisfied needs B．hidden talents C．trained skills D．buried memories 71．A．less happy B．more entertaining C．less intense D．more visible 72．A．fear B．relief C．burden D．challenge 73．A．observe B．transform C．predict D．control 74．A．confusing B．discouraging C．engaging D．demanding 75．A．redefining B．completing C．reversing D．embracing Passage 1 （2026 上海市格致中学） The word “cool” has been cool for a long time. 1 associated with temperature, by the 16th century, the term had evolved to describe an internal state of calm. And by the late 1800s, it began to describe a style and 2 some of the other meanings with which it is associated today. Now, cool is used as a synonym (同义词) for almost anything 3 . Music can be cool and so can restaurants. But not all expressions 4 . In the 1940s, someone who dressed fashionably might be described as “spiffy.” These days, teenagers might use “on fleek.” Tell someone today that they look 5 and people will think you’re caught in a time warp (时间错位). Language is constantly 6 . Certain words and phrases catch on while others die out. So what leads some expressions to become more successful than others? Why do some 7 the test of time while others die out? To study these questions, scientists turned to a database of more than five million books from the last 200 years. They tracked the 8 of thousands of expressions over time. Interestingly, they discovered that our 9 have a big impact on linguistic (语言的) success. In the 1800s, 10 , people used “sudden increase” to refer to a quick rise in something. But “sharp increase” was introduced around 1900 and is now much more popular. Similarly, while people used to use “promising future” to suggest that good things would be coming, “bright future” soon 11 and now is used 2.4 times as frequently. Such sensory expressions are more successful because they’re more 12 . Sensory expressions help express abstract concepts by 13 them to direct bodily experiences with the physical world. Calling an 14 person “cold,” for example, suggests that, like a bitter winter, he or she is not very popular. These findings help explain why some expressions live on. Just as natural selection influences finches’ beaks and giraffes’ necks, psychological processes of memory and transmission 15 language. This cultural selection determines what succeeds, and what fails. In this case, our senses may help explain why “cool” has been hot for so long. 1．A．Closely B．Definitely C．Eventually D．Originally 2．A．carry B．grasp C．know D．understand 3．A．calm B．fantastic C．ideal D．specific 4．A．change B．continue C．endure D．exist 5．A．cool B．fashionable C．spiffy D．terrific 6．A．enriching B．evolving C．expanding D．extending 7．A．mark B．set C．survive D．take 8．A．frequency B．popularity C．sources D．usage 9．A．brains B．cultures C．senses D．surroundings 10．A．in addition B．by comparison C．at first D．for instance 11．A．gave out B．got over C．took over D．wore out 12．A．characteristic B．familiar C．memorable D．visual 13．A．applying B．attaching C．committing D．linking 14．A．unapproachable B．unfamiliar C．unfortunate D．unsocial 15．A．improve B．master C．practice D．shape Passage 2 （2026 上海市浦东新区进才中学） Path to Excellence What does it take to become the best at something? According to a recent research published in Science, the answer may not lie in childhood excellence or in lifelong 16 . Instead, the approach to becoming exceptional at a skill might be   17 . The team tracked subjects in different performance areas, from sports to chess to classical music, into their professional, adult careers. Somewhat against common sense, people who showed the greatest promise in their discipline as children 18 went on to top the list in their field as adults. Those who made that grade, 19 , didn’t shine early on. They also tended to reach their height later and keep their interests   20 for longer. The findings challenge the “10,000-hour rule,” the idea that if someone spends 10,000 hours deliberately practicing a skill, they will master it, says psychologist Brooke Macnamara, who co-authored the analysis. The team followed   21 violin students, all of whom had each accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age 14. Most 22 being second-level performers later in life, though. There continues increasing 23 with regard to the received wisdom that the best way to nurture talented youngsters is to identify and drill them intensely from an early age. How do these late bloomers   24 future excellence then? One possible theory the team proposes is “search and 25 ”, an idea stemming from labour-market economics. Patiently exploring a wide range of interests before choosing which to 26 in gives a better chance of finding the field best suited to natural strengths. Rafael Nadal — an all-time-great tennis player — considered a career in football before committing himself to tennis. The second is “enhanced learning” theory. Learning is itself a(n) 27 skill, and a good way to acquire it is to pursue various things. Young players can avoid burnout caused by sticking to one activity 28 all else. When narrowing down to the final pursuit, their better transferring ability makes progress easier. It’s not suggesting people don’t need to put in effort to become a chess grandmaster or a Wimbledon winner. But it truly matters for institutions and coaches who might be 29 directing valuable resources at the kids who show potentials early on. “For people who didn’t follow the prodigy (神童) route, it’s reassuring to know you are in good   30 !” Macnamara says. “Most world-class performers didn’t, either.” 16．A．exposure B．approval C．dedication D．optimism 17．A．winding B．unparalleled C．consistent D．accumulative 18．A．narrowly B．barely C．absolutely D．invariably 19．A．in this sense B．as a result C．in other words D．on the contrary 20．A．healthier B．broader C．odder D．commoner 21．A．high-spirited B．top-performing C．well-behaved D．self-regulating 22．A．stood out B．reflected on C．ended up D．dreamed of 23．A．evidence B．tension C．doubt D．excitement 24．A．secure B．anticipate C．contain D．prize 25．A．survive B．adapt C．match D．expand 26．A．factor B．believe C．excel D．specialize 27．A．honorable B．instinctive C．learnable D．invaluable 28．A．to the exclusion ofB．in the hope of C．for the sake of D．at the mercy of 29．A．putting off B．leaning toward C．objecting to D．pushing back 30．A．shape B．company C．ranks D．spirits Passage 3 （2026 上海领科双语学校） So far, many dolphins worldwide have been captured and kept in small pools, performing for people, especially kids. These dolphins are fed on fish instead of having to 31 them. Gradually, they start spending most of their time near the pool waiting for food rather than underwater. They get out of shape and can no longer 32 for long distances, which affects their 33 greatly, and results in 34 consequences (后果). Thus comes the question. “Should captive (被关起来的) dolphins be 35 ?” Jeff Foster, a dolphin expert, decided to help two captive dolphins, Tom and Misha, to reach their top physical 36 . Every day, he trained the two dolphins to get used to their wild homes again. Twenty months later, Tom and Misha began to act like 37 dolphins and they were set free back into the sea. 38 Tom and Misha lived in captivity for 4 to 5 years, they were able to adapt to the wild. It was 39 what Foster had hoped for. His dreams for the dolphins had finally come true and he knew that the dolphins would 40 in the wild. This program was successful, but there have been other failures. For example, another dolphin, Keiko, returned into the ocean in 2002, but unfortunately 41 a year later because of all the misery (痛苦) he 42 in the past. The sudden 43 change did not suit him well. If people want to avoid these accidents, we must go to great lengths and put 44 to ensure it doesn’t happen ever again. In fact, with virtual reality technology picking up, there can still be great ways to 45 kids with sea animals without having to capture them. 31．A．pick up B．throw away C．look after D．hunt for 32．A．see B．hear C．jump D．dive 33．A．taste B．shelter C．lifestyle D．popularity 34．A．unexpected B．possible C．terrible D．indirect 35．A．released B．disturbed C．protected D．fed 36．A．exercise B．pain C．appearance D．condition 37．A．wild B．clever C．helpless D．harmless 38．A．Because B．Unless C．Although D．If 39．A．hardly B．exactly C．possibly D．awfully 40．A．train B．search C．survive D．perform 41．A．escaped B．died C．returned D．recovered 42．A．led to B．went through C．went over D．brought up 43．A．environment B．temperature C．ocean D．food 44．A．dreams B．hopes C．promises D．efforts 45．A．make B．treat C．please D．change Passage 4 （2026 上海市浦东新区进才中学） Who Actually Wrote What You’re Reading? For decades, readers rarely questioned the authorship of what they encountered online. Today, that certainty 46 . Artificial intelligence has become capable of producing convincing content at extraordinary speed. This change hasn’t arrived with a dramatic announcement. Instead, it has 47 integrated into everyday digital life. AI-generated text seems polished and informative, but in the 48 of obvious signs that a machine produced it. Readers and professionals alike are increasingly turning to AI detector tools to better trace the source of what they read. The most striking part lies in how 49 modern AI writing sounds. Trained on an enormous database to reproduce tone, structure, and style with impressive accuracy, AI-produced materials appear indistinguishable from human-created content. This ability has obvious 50 . Writers draft content faster, businesses organize information more efficiently. To the great relief of self-taught ones, educational materials can be produced 51 . Yet when both humans and machines can produce equally convincing text, trouble arises. Traditional hints that once 52 authorship become unreliable. Tone alone no longer reveals whether an article reflects living experience or algorithmic (算法的) prediction. Some may wonder why authorship matters if information itself is useful. The answer is 53 and context. Human authors contribute responsibility and expertise. If a claim is challenged, they can explain their reasoning; if an error appears, they have to take the blame. By contrast, AI operates differently: it generates text from data patterns rather than 54 understanding. A prescription written by a doctor carries more weight than an automatic AI version, as it is rooted in 55 knowledge with no context-free generalizations. Consequently, the rise of AI-generated writing is introducing a new dimension to 56 . In the past, readers learned to cross-check facts, spot misinformation or identify 57 online. Today, they must also consider the origin of content to determine how it should be interpreted. 58 , tools designed to identify AI-written content — by examining characteristics such as sentence predictability, structure, and language patterns — have come into being. These tools help maintain trustworthiness for the press, support academic 59 for educational world, and offer a way to better understand what is shaping the information they consume. The internet has always evolved 60 with technology. Historically, Search engines changed how people find information, social media changed how they share it. And now, with AI rewriting the rules of content creation, the Internet’s newest question may be simple, but it carries lasting significance: who actually wrote what you’re reading? 46．A．expands B．endures C．emerges D．fades 47．A．keenly B．quietly C．inevitably D．properly 48．A．absence B．representation C．disturbance D．supply 49．A．natural B．flexible C．formal D．shallow 50．A．requirements B．limitations C．features D．advantages 51．A．at ease B．at scale C．at leisure D．at random 52．A．targeted B．recognized C．analyzed D．signaled 53．A．humanity B．accountability C．priority D．quantity 54．A．genuine B．temporary C．instinctive D．mutual 55．A．extensive B．fundamental C．professional D．internal 56．A．technology dependenceB．digital literacyC．school discipline D．social norm 57．A．clues B．prejudices C．proofs D．patterns 58．A．ControversiallyB．Luckily C．Specifically D．Literally 59．A．integrity B．diversity C．vitality D．consistency 60．A．neck and neck B．toe to toe C．face to face D．hand in hand Passage 5 （2025 上海市复旦大学附属中学） In the future, we may no longer need chemical pesticides to help crops grow healthily. Chinese scientists have discovered a small molecule called the 2’cADPR in plant cells that can trigger 61 . This molecule holds the potential to be developed into a new type of biopesticide. “Once this biopesticide is put into use, it can 62 when sprayed onto the plant surface and absorbed by the plant,” Wan Li, one of the researchers, told China Daily. “Based on existing scientific knowledge, it potentially can be 63 to different plants and combat many diseases.” Wan’s team studies Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant widely used in biological research. Within its cells, there are around 150 immune sensors, each monitoring for 64 types of “enemies”, such as viruses and harmful bacteria. When one of these sensors 65 a threat, it produces 2’cADPR. This molecule then initiates the plant’s immune response, helping the plant 66 its “shield” of disease resistance. In this 67 , for the plant, 2’cADPR is an exceptionally capable “guard” that can defend against various pathogens (病原体). Scientifically speaking, 2’cADPR is key to the plant’s “broad-spectrum disease resistance”, which means resistance against more than one pathogen species or the majority of races or 68 of the same pathogen. Wan said that the small molecule has already been put into production. The next step is to continue proving its effectiveness in the field and hopefully soon put it into use. 69 , another study jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University and Zhejiang University has 70 a similar broad-spectrum immune pathway in rice. The key molecule in this case is pRib-AMP, which is generated by the OsTIR protein in rice cells. 71 , for immune systems, it’s not always “the stronger, the better”. For both plants and animals, it is crucial to maintain “immune homeostasis (内环境稳定)”, a 72 that allows the immune system to effectively fight off pathogens without 73 or damaging its own tissues. According to the joint study, rice cells achieve this balance through another protein called ROD1, which interacts with OsTIR to prevent it from producing too many pRib-AMP molecules. Wan noted that traditional chemical pesticides harm the environment and 74 health risks. But these special molecules originate from plants themselves and are therefore safe when used properly as biopesticides. This offers a more eco-friendly 75 to protect plants from diseases. 61．A．intensity B．immunity C．particularity D．flexibility 62．A．respond B．occur C．appear D．function 63．A．supplied B．applied C．opposed D．exposed 64．A．general B．random C．specific D．intrinsic 65．A．addresses B．detects C．poses D．creates 66．A．hold up B．take up C．put up D．bring up 67．A．situation B．sense C．case D．scope 68．A．strains B．versions C．variables D．groups 69．A．Meanwhile B．Consequently C．Nevertheless D．Instead 70．A．processed B．realized C．identified D．proved 71．A．Besides B．Moreover C．However D．Therefore 72．A．tendency B．balance C．process D．signal 73．A．overestimating B．overrating C．overusing D．overreacting 74．A．pose B．suggest C．ignore D．manage 75．A．equivalent B．initiative C．preference D．alternative Passage 6 （2025 上海市同济大学第二附属中学） One of the quickest ways to get a job lately has been to announce on social media that you were laid off (解雇). Despite the overall strength of the job market, layoffs have been increasing in recent months. Companies in the entertainment, automotive, and financial industries, such as Netflix, Tesla, and JPMorgan Chase, have all announced layoffs, and more are 76 in the technology, aerospace, and travel sectors. However, many recently laid-off 77 are turning to social media platforms to share their experiences and seek new employment opportunities. What was once considered an embarrassing no-no has now become a(n) 78 step to show one’s toughness and readiness for new challenges. Nathan Felt, 79 , shared his layoff experience online after losing his position as a director of product design at Guaranteed Rate. He expressed a mix of disappointment and hope for the future, and provided a podcast discussing how 80 can lead to growth opportunities. His post, which did not 81 ask for a job, received numerous responses, including several job offers. He eventually started a new role as a product-design leader at Amazon. Career coaches advise job seekers to avoid 82 sadness in their online posts. 83 , they suggest expressing gratitude for their previous employment and conveying eagerness for new opportunities. Liz Maupin, a marketing producer in Los Angeles, posted about her being fired. She wrote, “If you hear of anything, I’m a lovely producer and am 84 about keeping working.” Within 24 hours, she was flooded with responses, and one of them turned into a job offer, which she described as “ 85 ”. Others who have successfully found new jobs through social media emphasize the importance of providing 86 information, such as job titles, experience levels, and their value to a team. Sarah Nelson, who works in human resources, 87 her layoff from a San Francisco firm on a social media platform. She 88 in conversations with several companies. Recently she started a new remote job as a recruiter (招聘人员) with Dandy, an online dental lab platform, in Scottsdale, Ariz. Silvia Fuentes, who revealed her layoff last week, specified that she was seeking a mid-level digital product designer role. She included the phrase “hmu” (“hit me up”, meaning “contact me”) in her 89 for job opportunities. She was 90 by several professionals online in no time, and she has had a few initial conversations so far. 76．A．maintained B．advocated C．expected D．disciplined 77．A．travellers B．bikers C．individuals D．employers 78．A．risky B．false C．dangerous D．effective 79．A．on the whole B．in particular C．as a result D．for example 80．A．shelters B．failures C．achievements D．promotions 81．A．directly B．gratefully C．randomly D．commonly 82．A．funding B．displaying C．overlooking D．doubting 83．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Meanwhile 84．A．flexible B．passionate C．alert D．confused 85．A．accidental B．romantic C．stressful D．amazing 86．A．classified B．statistical C．detailed D．timely 87．A．publicized B．negotiated C．battled D．caused 88．A．specialized B．believed C．engaged D．investigated 89．A．request B．priority C．signal D．praise 90．A．shut up B．logged out C．called off D．tracked down 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $命学科网·上好课 www.ZX×k.com 上好每一堂课 专题03完形填空（期末复习专项训练） 真题实战，百练通关 语篇类型一：说明文(5篇) Passage 1 1.D2.B 3.A4.C5.D6.C7.A8.D9.B10.C 11.A12. D 13.B 14.A15.C Passage 2 16.B 17.D18.A19.C20.C21.B22.D23.A24.C 25.B26. D27.B28.A29.D30.C Passage 3 31.D32.A33.B34.B35.C36.B37.C38.D39.A40.C 41. C 42.B 43.A44.D45.B Passage 4 46.D 47.A48.B49.A50.C 51.B52.A53.C54.D55.D 56. A57.D 58.B59.C60.B Passage 5 61.D 62.A63.D 64.B65.B 66.A67.C68.C 69.A70.B 71. D 72.C73.C74.D 75.B 语篇类型二：议论文(3篇) Passage 1 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.C11.D 12. A13.B 14.B15.C Passage 2 16.A17.C 18.B19.A20.B21.A22.D23.C24.C25.D26. B27.C28.B29.B30.A Passage 3 31.B32.C33.A34.A35.D36.C37.B38.B39.D40.C41. 1/3 命学科网·上好课 www zxxk.com 上好每一堂课 42.C43.A 44.D 45.B 语篇类型三：记叙文(5篇) Passage 1 1.B2.C 3.A4.B5.D6.D7.C8.B9.A10.C11.A12. D 13.B 14.C15.D Passage 2 16.B 17.C18.B19.D20.A21.A22.C23.D24.C25.A26. B27.C28.C29.A30.D Passage 3 31.C 32.D 33.A34.C35.B36.C37.B38.A39.D 40.C41. B42.B 43.D44.A45.A Passage 4 46.D 47.C48.B49.C50.A51.B52.D53.A54.D55.C56. A57.B 58.D59.A60.B Passage 5 61.B62.B 63.D64.C 65.B66.C67.A68.A69.D70.B 71. A72.B 73.B74.C 75.D 考题猜想高分必刷 Passage 1 1.D2.A 3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.A9.C10.D11.C 12. C13.D 14.A15.D Passage 2 16.C17.A18.B19.D20.B21.B22.C23.C24.A25.C26. D27.C 28.A29.B30.B Passage 3 31.D32.D33.C34.C35.A36.D37.A38.C39.B40.C41. B42.B43.A44.D45.C Passage 4 2/3 命学科网·上好课 www.ZX×k.com 上好每一堂课 46.D 47.B48.A 49.A50.D 51.B52.D53.B 54.A55.c56. B57.B 58.B59.A60.D Passage 5 61.B62.D 63.B64.C65.B 66.C67.C68.A69.A70.C 71. C72.B73.D74.A75.D Passage 6 76.C77.C78.D79.D80.B 81.A82.B83.A84.B85.D86. C87.A88.C89.A90.D 3/3