专题02 选词填空（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期沪外版

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文语境下的词汇辨析与逻辑匹配，通过15篇多元主题语篇系统训练词汇运用能力，强化语言能力中的语境理解与思维品质的逻辑分析。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |社会心理|2篇|考查动词/名词在同伴压力等场景中的语义匹配|词汇意义与上下文情感倾向（如positive/negative）的关联| |教育研究|2篇|形容词/副词辨析，涉及成长规律描述|概念（如prodigies）与例证（如Rafael Nadal）的阐释逻辑| |语言文化|2篇|名词/动词搭配，围绕语言相对论|术语（如linguistic relativity）与跨文化案例的推导关系| |科技应用|3篇|科技类词汇（如3D-printed/BioPods）在说明文的准确运用|技术原理与应用场景的因果逻辑链| |媒体伦理|2篇|动词/形容词在新闻真实性等主题的语境适配|观点（如信息核查重要性）与论据的递进关系|

专题02 选词填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型: 说明文（15篇） Passage 1 1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．G 6．I 7．F 8．H 9．B 10．J Passage 2 11．J 12．D 13．E 14．B 15．I 16．A 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．H Passage 3 21．I 22．J 23．C 24．H 25．B 26．A 27．F 28．G 29．E 30．D Passage 4 31．J 32．G 33．H 34．F 35．I 36．B 37．K 38．E 39．D 40．C Passage 5 41．J 42．D 43．H 44．F 45．B 46．A 47．E 48．I 49．K 50．C Passage 6 51．C 52．G 53．A 54．E 55．D 56．B 57．F 58．I 59．H 60．J Passage 7 61．E 62．F 63．C 64．G 65．H 66．D 67．I 68．B 69．K 70．A Passage 8 71．E 72．I 73．G 74．B 75．K 76．H 77．F 78．D 79．C 80．A Passage 9 81．F 82．I 83．C 84．J 85．A 86．H 87．D 88．B 89．K 90．G Passage 10 91．G 92．H 93．J 94．A 95．I 96．C 97．E 98．B 99．D 100．F Passage 11 101．B 102．C 103．E 104．G 105．F 106．I 107．K 108．A 109．H 110．D Passage 12 111．G 112．K 113．A 114．E 115．I 116．C 117．H 118．B 119．F 120．D Passage 13 121．G 122．C 123．E 124．B 125．F 126．D 127．A 128．H 129．K 130．I Passage 14 131．D 132．G 133．A 134．K 135．F 136．B 137．C 138．I 139．J 140．E Passage 15 141．J 142．A 143．H 144．F 145．E 146．K 147．C 148．I 149．D 150．G Passage 1 1．F 2．J 3．G 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．E 9．I 10．H Passage 2 11．F 12．E 13．H 14．D 15．J 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．G 20．K Passage 3 21．I 22．G 23．F 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．K 28．E 29．B 30．H Passage 4 31．F 32．H 33．A 34．E 35．K 36．I 37．B 38．C 39．J 40．G Passage 5 41．F 42．D 43．K 44．C 45．A 46．H 47．G 48．I 49．J 50．B Passage 6 51．G 52．B 53．E 54．D 55．K 56．I 57．A 58．H 59．J 60．C 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型: 说明文（15篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海上海市宝山区・高一下） A．resist  B．demonstrated  C． risky  D．reflection  E. simply  F. internalize  G. flourished  H. potential  I. rebellion  J. truly  K. defended What comes to your mind when you think about peer pressure? Is it a feeling of disappointment as you think back on the times you did something dumb 1 for social reward, or because of others’ influence? What if the same psychological forces that push us toward questionable behavior also hold the power to amplify good ones? We often talk about peer pressure as something to 2 . We treat it like a villain in the story of decision-making. Peer pressure itself isn’t inherently good or bad. It’s a 3 and reinforcement of the behaviors, values, and choices a group desires most. The same social mechanisms that push people toward 4 behavior can also pull them toward cooperation and care. In one study, researchers observed how peer influence worked both ways. If popularity in a group was linked to aggression, aggressive behavior spread. However, if it was linked to kindness, prosocial behavior 5 . Peer pressure can magnify whatever matters most to a group, workplace, or family. If a culture values risk or 6 , that’s what spreads. But if a culture values curiosity, empathy, or cooperation, those qualities will grow. Research on child development shows that adolescents 7 social norms through peer interaction. In one study, researchers found that students who were considered the “popular” kids had stronger 8 to influence behavioral norms. If the popular students 9 more positive peer pressure examples such as cooperation and kindness, those behaviors were more likely to be repeated. The research around positive peer pressure in schools offers 10 remarkable hope and opportunity for students. Kids who model empathy and responsibility can redefine what’s “cool” within their social groups and turn cooperation and kindness into desirable traits. Regardless of age, it’s easy to see how prosocial behaviors can spread. Whether kids see these behaviors modeled in our communities, homes, or at schools, the message remains: seeing good behaviors modeled can get others to follow suit. Passage 2 （2026 上海交大附中・高一下・调研） A．disciplines    B．focused      C． compatible    D．maintain    E. relatively F. economics    G. nominated    H. learnable      I. specialize    J. negatively K. comparable In every field, elite youth performers and elite adults were almost entirely separate groups. Around 90% of superstar adults had not been superstars as children, while only 10% of top-level kids had gone on to become exceptional adults. It is not just that exceptional performance in childhood did not predict exceptional performance as an adult. The two were actually 11 correlated, says Dr Güllich. The adult superstars also had a different approach to their fields from that of the child prodigies (神童) in that they seemed to 12 interests besides the one in which they eventually became elite. The best sportsmen and women tended to have played several sports at a(n) 13 high level. Their performance in the sport they played lagged behind that of their more 14 peers when they were young. But when they did 15 , their progress was much quicker. The same was true in other 16 . Nobel-prizewinning scientists were less likely to have won academic scholarships than those 17 for a Nobel who did not win. They also took longer to reach senior academic positions and had less impressive early publication records. Why so many exceptional performers show the same pattern of later flowering is hard to answer. The researchers consulted the literature on excellence for theories of how it arises, but none seemed 18 with their data. Instead, they offer assumptions of their own. One is “search and match”, an idea derived from labour-market 19 . This holds that having a broad range of interests and waiting before choosing offers a better chance of finding the field best suited to your talents. The young Rafael Nadal — another all-time-great tennis player — experimented with a career in football before opting for tennis. A second is “enhanced learning”, the idea that learning is itself a(n) 20 skill, and that a good way to develop it is to pursue a variety of things. The last is the limited-risk hypothesis that avoiding the hothouse (高强度环境) may stop youngsters from burning out after spending years pursuing it to the exclusion of all else. The researchers hope to extend their analysis to more fields such as business and art. Passage 3 （2026 上海交大附中・高一下・期中） A．indicated    B．objective    C． package    D．traditionally    E. diversity F. countered    G. identical    H. function    I. exactly         J. equivalent    K. similarity Impossible translations If you are fluent in any language other than English, you have probably noticed that some things are impossible to translate 21 . A Japanese designer marveling at an object’s shibui (a sort of simple yet timelessly elegant beauty) may feel frustrated by English’s lack of a precise 22 . The words of different languages can divide and 23 their speakers’ thoughts and experiences differently, and provide support for the theory of “linguistic relativity”. This theory derives in part from the American linguist Edward Sapir’s 1929 claim that languages 24 to “index” their speakers’ “network of cultural patterns”. Yet Sapir also went a step further, claiming language users “do not live in the 25 world alone, but are very much at the mercy” of their languages. Few theories have proven as controversial. Sapir’s student Benjamin famously claimed in 1940 that the Hopi language’s lack of verb tenses (past, present, future) 26 its speakers have a different “psychic (心理的) experience” of time and the universe than Western physicists. This was 27 by a later study devoting nearly 400 pages to the language of time in Hopi, which included concepts such as “today”, “January” and so on. There is truth in both perspectives. At least some aspects of human languages must be 28 or nearly so, since they are all used by members of the same human species, with the same sorts of brains and patterns of communication. Yet recent increases in understanding of the world’s Indigenous (本土的) languages have taught us two important additional lessons. First, there is far more 29 among the world’s languages than previously believed. Second, differences are often related to the patterns of culture and environment in which languages are 30 spoken. For example, in many Himalayan languages, an expression like “that house” comes in three flavors: “that-house-upward”, “that-house-downward” and “that-house-on-the-same-level”—a reflection of the mountainous area where these speakers live in. When their speakers migrate to lower-elevation regions, the system may shift from “upward/downward” to “upriver/downriver”. Passage 4 （2026 上海陆行中学・高一下・期中） A．permanently  B．spread  C．pursuing  D．sacrifice  E．objectively  F．significant G．sources  H．available  I．measures  J．presenting  K．achieve In the digital age, where information floods every corner of our lives, the role of journalists has become more crucial than ever. As the gatekeepers of information, they are responsible for sorting through the vast sea of data and 31 the public with accurate and reliable news. In the past, journalists relied mainly on traditional 32 such as interviews, official documents, and on-site investigations. These methods provided a relatively stable and trustworthy foundation for news reporting. However, the digital revolution has changed the game. Today, a vast amount of information online is 33 to them. Social media platforms, for instance, have become 34 channels for news collecting. But the information on these platforms is often unchecked, and its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Journalists need to be more cautious and take extra 35 to ensure the information they obtain is true. One of the challenges journalists face is the issue of instant news. In the digital age, the pressure to break news first is intense. This has led to a situation where false information can 36 quickly. Some people may take advantage of the flaws in information checking systems to 37 certain goals, which can mislead the public. Journalists must follow high ethical standards and report the news 38 . They should present different perspectives on an issue to give the audience a comprehensive understanding. Another aspect is the need to make news more accessible to the public. With the increasing competition in the media industry, journalists need to use multimedia elements to present news in a more interesting and engaging way. However, journalists should not 39 the quality of the news. They still need to focus on providing in-depth and accurate reports instead of 40 superficial attention-grabbing strategies. Passage 5 （2025 上海中原中学・高一下・期末） . A．recycled            B．advanced            C． challenging            D．protection            E. productive F. establishing            G. separation            H. resupply            I. controlled            J. progress K. transporting Growing Food in 3D-printed Greenhouses to Feed Astronauts Space is dangerous, almost unimaginably so. But technological 41 has allowed people to explore this extremely deadly environment for decades. Within the 42 of a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer, safely. The International Space Station can go for months without a(n) 43 . But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter altogether. It now seems that 44 a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars is just on the horizon. That can only happen if new and completely reliable ways are developed to provide humans with enough air, water and food. One company, Interstellar Labs, believes they have created a system that can solve the food problem. They have developed a(n) 45 , self-sustaining system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their artificial intelligence (AI) managed greenhouses BioPods, and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is continuously 46 . According to Interstellar Labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more 47 than traditionally grown plants, using much less water. The conditions inside of a BioPod are 48 by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature to maximize growth. This creates ideal growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space. The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making 49 a large structure unnecessary. Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the most 50 environments. Passage 6 （2026 上海吴淞中学・高一下・期中） A．withdraw   B．isolated   C． ties   D．professionally   E. venturing   F. appreciate    G. tipped   H. preferences   I. naturally   J. rewiring   K. inquire As an old saying goes, don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Still, many people who might follow this financial advice often ignore it when it comes to their daily lives: their self-esteem may depend on whether they get promoted at work, or their social 51 might rely on a single close friend. Just as putting all your resources into one stock is a recipe for financial disaster, relying on only one or two baskets to hold your emotional needs can lead to trouble if those baskets are 52 over: your company might go out of business. Similarly, your friend might 53 because they’re feeling stressed. Often, the solution to their problems lies in exploring these areas-essentially stepping outside their comfort zones. The same idea applies here: diversifying — creating new baskets — involves 54 into unfamiliar territory, trying new things. Ask yourself what’s most lacking in your life socially or 55 that you need to develop? Again, the more baskets the better. Once you know where you want to go, it’s time to plan how to get there. If you’re quite 56 , consider ways to expand your social network; if your professional self-esteem depends on your promotion, step back and 57 how much your professional skills have developed over time. But, if possible, also dig deeper. For example, having a small social circle could be the result of being 58 shy and having social anxiety, just as putting all your eggs in the job baskets is a byproduct of anxiety that keeps your world small. Ideally, focus on both what you can do to expand your world and attack what might be holding you back. Instead of doing what you think you should, try following what excites you. Following excitement or simple 59 not only helps you break free from being driven by others’ approval, but also points the direction to what you truly want and need. By letting these positive feelings be your guide, you’re 60 your brain and lowering your anxiety. Passage 7 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一下） . A．reshape    B．availability    C． managing    D．particularly    E. graduates  F. based G. facing     H. links    I. comparable    J. stably      K. identified Ali Mahlodji is trying to prepare the next generation of Austrians for jobs that do not yet exist. The company he founded eight years ago, Whatchado, helps match job seekers with companies and informs fresh 61 about careers they may not have learnt about in school. Mr. Mahlodji, a former teacher who came to Austria as a refugee 35 years ago, 62 the company on his experiences as a young man. Before devoting himself to start-ups, he had held more than 40 jobs, from cleaning floors, 63 projects at a corporate technology company, to teaching at a high school. “Sixty per cent of children entering primary school today will end up 64 completely new job types that don’t yet exist,” says Mr. Mahlodji. That is why, more recently, he founded a new company, FutureOne, regarded as one of the 65 between large companies, students and teachers, as educators and businesses plan for a more digitally oriented future. “While the nature of work is changing all over the world, Austria”, he says, “has been 66 slow to adapt.” While Austria’s real GDP per capita last year was the seventh-highest in the EU, the country “is adapting to the global digitalization at a slower pace than in 67 countries”, the OECD reported last year. The club of mostly rich nations also found that the 68 of digital skills in Austria’s population fell behind that of its western European peers. Digitalization was 69 as a primary goal of the government in 2022, but the goal has been interrupted by the pandemic. Mr. Hakes says, “ It’s clear that the coronavirus crisis will dramatically 70 the labour market”. While it will present some difficulties, there are also opportunities. Passage 8 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一下） A．increasingly  B．portal  C． shared  D．scale  E. emerging  F. worsening  G. tensions  H. critic  I. restored  J. diversely  K. confusion Global governance is facing complex tests as regional conflicts and economic shifts make 2026 a year of critical transitions. The world is in urgent need of cooperation to address 71 challenges, from ongoing political conflicts to the uneven recovery of the global economy, which has made life hard for poor communities. Good news is that diplomatic dialogues have been 72 in many regions, with key powers returning to negotiation tables to ease 73 and bridge differences. Major summits such as APEC and the China-Arab Summit have served as a/an 74 for countries to exchange ideas, build trust and reach consensus on pressing issues. These platforms have become more and more vital in promoting multilateralism amid growing unilateral tendencies. However, mixed messages from the media still cause public 75 , leaving many citizens unsure of the true direction of global affairs. A well-known political 76 warned that failure to act quickly would deepen division across the world and undermine the foundation of global cooperation. Meanwhile, misinformation spreads rapidly online, further 77 public distrust. To enhance stability and prosperity, nations are expanding cooperation on a larger 78 , covering climate action, food security and digital governance. International organizations are working to monitor risks and coordinate responses in real time, ensuring timely and effective solutions to 79 crises. Notably, developing countries are playing a more active role in shaping global rules. As the world becomes 80 interconnected, values like peace, fairness and mutual respect matter more than ever. Only through persistent and joint efforts can we handle the urgent issues facing humanity and build a more resilient, inclusive future for generations to come. Passage 9 （2026 上海浦东进才中学・高一下） A．littered    B．landscape    C． grounded    D．maintained    E. affectionate F. blow    G. thriving    H. address    I. remaining    J. invest    K. specific The Shifting Flow of Advertising Dollars Social media companies are soaking up the billions in advertising dollars that once flowed to traditional media companies. This trend has been a hard 81 to news organizations. Just two months into 2024, several news organizations are already falling apart. The Messenger shut down in January. Buzz Feed announced it would cut 16% of its 82 staff. Hundreds of local outlets have not been so lucky, closing their doors as advertising dollars disappear. These news organizations are crucial to the communities—both local and national—that they serve. They work hard to ensure that their platforms are 83 in facts and free of abuse. You’re not going to find articles promoting body dysmorphia (身体畸形恐惧症) in the pages of The New York Times. The Wall Street Journal is not going to casually provide carelessly risky investment advice. CNN will not enrich itself through indecent photographs of minors. If any of these companies got involved in such behavior, it would be a major scandal. That would not only leave their reputations scarred but also chase away advertisers. As a result, these organizations 84 heavily in content review. But the technology platforms, for some reason, are judged by different rules. It’s not fair to say the road is 85 with examples pointing to bad behavior. It’s buried in them. Time and time again, companies like Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and others have been caught allowing harmful content to exist on their platforms. In many cases, such content has not only been permitted to exist, but encouraged by powerful algorithms (算法). What happens when the very humans who control the platforms find out about such content and are questioned about it? Well, they often just release vague public statements. Most of them fail to 86 the root causes in a meaningful way. As a matter of fact, the advertising dollars that once supported the carefully 87 gardens of traditional media outlets have moved to a world which prefers profits and growth over the public good. To be fair, brands would likely prefer to advertise on the platforms of responsible media actors versus the risky world of social media. But Big Tech, with a larger and younger audience, offers these brands much more effective targeting. To make matters worse, news companies have been far too slow to adapt to the changing technological 88 . They often come with ugly websites and apps and lack the tools necessary for targeting 89 audiences that advertisers want to reach. It’s a disaster that will have great impacts on civilization in the years ahead. News organizations, crucial to a functioning society, are being hollowed out (掏空), if not dying. Meanwhile, technology giants, which have allowed for harmful content to gain a foothold in the digital public square, are 90 . Passage 10 （2026 上海杨浦・高二下・模拟） A．fix   B．focus   C． lacking   D．liberate   E. mount   F. rewiring   G. sound   H. tipped   I. uncharted   J. withdraw   K. wrapped Expand Your World: The Wisdom of Multiple “Baskets” No established financial advisor would suggest risking your entire life savings on a single stock because putting all your resources into one is simply a recipe for financial disaster. That is precisely why the old saying holds true: “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket” is not just folk wisdom — it’s 91 financial advice. Likewise, relying on only one or two baskets to hold your emotional needs can lead to trouble if those baskets are 92 over: your company might go out of business, forcing you to start over elsewhere; your friend might move away, or your partner might 93 because they’re feeling depressed or stressed. There is a concept in therapy about identifying the “holes” — what the individual, couple, or family cannot do or does not discuss. Often, the 94 for their problems and ultimately, even their happiness, lies in exploring these areas — essentially stepping outside their comfort zones and going where they normally won’t. The same idea applies here: Diversifying — creating new baskets — involves venturing into 95 territory, trying new things. Ask yourself what’s most 96 in your life — socially, professionally, or for your self-esteem — that you need to develop? Again, the more baskets the better. Once you know where you want to go, it’s time to 97 the expedition. If you’re quite isolated, consider ways to expand your social circle; if your parenting depends on your child’s achievements, step back and appreciate your child’s basic character and values. If possible, also dig deeper: consider how your tunnel vision and narrow 98 might actually be solutions to an underlying problem. Ideally, focus on both — what you can proactively do to expand your world and, just as importantly, attack what might be holding you back. Instead of doing what you think you should, try following, even in the smallest way, what excites you. Following excitement or simple preferences not only helps 99 yourself from running on autopilot or being driven by others’ approval, but also points the direction to what you truly want and need. By letting these positive feelings be your guide, you’re 100 your brain and lowering your anxiety. Passage 11 （2026 上海格致中学・高一下） A．accessible     B．belonging    C． densely     D．dust      E. intermittent     F. irresponsible    G. maintain    H. massively    I. simple    J. suspension    K. unaffordable With population increases and global urbanization ever accelerating, much attention is focused on the sustainability of our cities and scarce attention is paid to the countryside. Rural life is associated with closely-knit communities, sense of 101 , and a simple, tranquil life. Yet whilst some or all of these elements exist in the countryside, so do conservatism and a lack of employment opportunities. And it is mostly due to the latter that rural communities are suffering. Attracted by the improved economics of urban areas, country-dwellers across the world are moving out, contributing to the excessive crowdedness of 102 populated cities, and leaving the countryside in desolation. So how can the countryside ensure its survival among these changes; or should it at all? Due to both the distance between residences and facilities and often 103 public transport, those living in the countryside are heavier automobile users. Rural dwellers also use more energy to 104 their mostly detached buildings. We may be piled up like boxes in the city, but this brings energy efficiency that the countryside cannot match. Rural energy requirements result in higher carbon emissions per person than in the city, so it is actually 105 to endorse such a lifestyle choice. Protecting the countryside is a hot topic. Those who have made their fortunes in the city often buy second homes in the countryside, visiting occasionally for a sample of a supposedly 106 life. The side-effect of this is that house prices are pushed up due to increased demand, leaving them 107 or local people. A solution has yet to be found for this challenge, for market forces are further forcing residents out of the countryside. Whilst an idealized view of the countryside is common, the reality is that rural life has continuously evolved. Industrialization brought an increase in divisions of labour, changing social links between rural people. The internet has introduced once foreign cultures into the countryside. Improved travel connections and affordability have made the world more 108 , creating a “global village.” Considering these changes, surely an evolving countryside is inevitable. Perhaps the countryside should also prepare itself for 109 increasing population in the future. With cities across the world growing rapidly, how will the current urban generation respond to the inevitable social changes of mass urbanization? Will the longing for a simpler life become stronger, fueling a rural renaissance? As the world continues to urbanize, the voices calling for rural preservation may well grow louder. But change is inevitable. We know that the world is going to see new cities emerging from the 110 and current cities growing into megacities, but the future of the countryside is less clear. Passage 12 （2026 上海嘉定） A．purchased   B．vision   C． indicating   D．considerably   E. covering F. ripen   G. confusion   H. concept   I. rots   J. subsequently   K. severe New Label Helps Consumers Better Determine Food Quality Determining whether food has spoiled can be a tricky task. The 111 over “use by” and “best before” labels often results in safe and consumable food being thrown out. This issue contributes significantly to the global food crisis, as roughly one-third of the food produced for the world is being wasted and millions of people in dozens of countries are facing 112 hunger each year. However, a groundbreaking invention called Mimica Touch aims to help tackle this crisis by providing a more accurate method of evaluating the safety of food 113 . Consisting of a label that transforms in texture (质地) when food spoils, Mimica Touch features a plastic sheet with raised lines inside a 114 that signal spoilt food. The plastic bumps (凸块) are covered with a thin layer of natural substance that 115 at the same rate as the food. When the substance turns from a solid state to a liquid state, the label transforms from firm and smooth to soft and bumpy, 116 that the food has gone bad. Solveiga Pakštaité came up with the 117 for Mimica Touch while she was a student at Brunel University in London. The goal of the original project was to help people with 118 problems check the use-by date on packaged food. Pakštaité said she was inspired by banana skins, which change texture as they 119 . Although Mimica Touch began as a university project, the invention has the potential to 120 reduce the huge quantity of food that goes to waste every year. Moreover, it could help consumers enjoy the food they purchase more safely and for longer periods. Passage 13 （2026 上海领科双语学校・高一下） A．abandoned    B．alarming    C． consequently    D．decreasing    E. diverse    F. dominant G. erasing    H. multiplying    I. ranging    J. significantly    K. somehow Preserving Linguistic (语言的) Diversity in a Connected World The rapid pace of modernization has reshaped the world in ways previous generations could never have imagined. It has pushed nations into an era of great interconnectedness, where global markets and digital platforms are 121 old boundaries. This phenomenon has caused large-scale migration, with migrants moving across every continent in search of better opportunities and 122 the population structure of major cities has changed dramatically, transforming them into lively, multicultural centers where 123 communities coexist. However, this intense mixing of peoples and cultures brings with it a(n) 124 consequence: the gradual loss of linguistic diversity. Linguists predict that the number of spoken languages worldwide might halve by the end of this century. This potential extinction of native tongues is viewed by experts as a concerning trend. As 125 languages like English become essential for education and regular business communication, the use of local dialects is 126 rapidly. For many younger generations growing up in this environment, their ancestral mother tongue has become unfamiliar, 127 in favor of the practical benefits of a widely spoken language all too often. This creates a complex problem for modern society. While opportunities for international exchange continue 128 , promoting economic growth and cross-cultural understanding, local knowledge and unique cultural identities are 129 being lost in the process. This linguistic crisis affects various communities, 130 from remote villages to urban centers. Undoubtedly, we face the challenge of balancing the undeniable benefits of a connected world with the critical need to preserve our heritage (遗产). Therefore, we must adopt various strategies, such as bilingual education, to ensure that the spread of global communication does not come at the cost of our rich cultural heritage. Passage 14 （2026 上海领科双语学校・模拟） A．adoption    B．broad    C． economy    D．gender-neutral     E. organized     F. purely    G. respect    H. rewarded    I. similarly    J. spare    K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) 131 expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this 132 , the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider 133 of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel 134 with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) 135 visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) 136 scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising 137 , using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, 138 leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite 139 . Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is 140 in different languages. Passage 15 （2026 上海青浦高级中学・高一） A．distraction  B．separated  C． product  D．partly  E. entertainment F. forced  G. involved  H. failure  I. electronic  J. prohibited  K. barely Turning off TV: A Quiet Hour I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in the United States be 141 by law. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the 142 of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems — everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness — are caused at least in part by 143 to communicate. we do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better. On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, 144 to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset, or they might take a walk together and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes. With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more 145   in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can 146 write an English sentence, even at the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a 147   of the quiet hour. At first glance, the idea of an hour without TV seems radical. What will parents do without the 148 baby-sitter? How will we spend the time? But it is not radical at all. It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can remember childhoods without television, spent 149 with radio — which at least 150 the listener’s imagination — but also with reading, learning, talking, playing games, inventing new activities. It wasn’t that difficult. Honestly. The truth is we enjoyed ourselves greatly. Passage 1 （2026 上海市松江区） A．landing    B．accounted    C． rest    D．experience    E. regular    F. increased    G. shortly    H. depending    I. varieties    J. strictly    K. tense Tourism in Antarctica (南极洲) Antarctica has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations (旅游胜地). Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has 1 from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are 2 controlled for environmental protection purposes. As we all know, the first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966. The modern expedition cruise industry (邮轮探险业) was born 3 after, in 1969. In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica. The flights often flew to the continent without 4 and returned to the airport where they took off. The 5 was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours flying directly over the continent. Despite the possible dangers and risks, tourism to Antarctica continued to grow. 34,354 people visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans 6 for 31.1% , followed by Germans (11.1%), Australians (10.7%), and the British (10.2%). The 7 of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France, and elsewhere. The main destination is the Antarctic peninsula region. Certain private expeditions may include visits to inland sites, such as the geographic south pole. A(n) 8 expedition can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks, and 9 of visits are provided to scientific stations and wildlife site, hiking, mountaineering, camping, etc. A trip to Antarctica can range anywhere from as little as $3,000 — $4,000 to over $40,000, 10 on transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher-end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the south pole. Passage 2 （2026 上海市青浦区青浦高级中学） A．strategically  B．employed  C． combination  D．flood  E. inherited  F. scene G. handed  H. inspired  I. randomly  J. center  K. insignificant Stourhead is widely regarded to be one of the finest landscape gardens in the world and is a feast for the eyes whatever the season! As you walk through the scenery, it’s as if you’ve stepped straight into an Italianate style painting or even a 11 from Pride and Prejudice, which was indeed filmed here! The story of the garden begins with Henry Hoare II (1705–1785), who 12 the estate upon his father’s death. Henry Hoare was a keen art collection, and much of his collection of art and sculpture can be viewed today at Stourhead House. It was his passion for art and a visit to Italy that 13 him to start constructing what has become one of the greatest landscape gardens in the world. The area where Henry Hoare decided to construct his garden was in a quiet valley to the west of Stourhead House with River Stour running through it. He built a dam to 14 the two existing fish-ponds and created the large artificial lake that we can see today. The lake became the 15 of his garden around which many buildings were built. This building project took a couple of decades to reach fruition from its concept. Henry Flitcroft was a famous 18th-century architect, who was 16 by Hoare to work on his project at Stourhead. He designed many of the buildings sited 17 around the lake, creating the perfect 18 of nature and classical architecture. Henry Hoare 19 Stourhead over to his grandson, Richard Colt Hoare, in 1783. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Gothic Revival movement became popular in Britain and Richard decided to make a change to an existing cottage by the lake. He added the Gothic decoration, the external stone seat and a porch (门廊), transforming a somewhat 20 cottage into an important garden feature. In 1946, Stourhead was given to the National Trust in Britain. Passage 3 （2026 上海市嘉定区第一中学） A．imaged  B．lengthened  C． equivalent  D．treated E. indicator  F. mechanism  G. effectiveness  H. remarkably I. postpone  J. ultimately  K. exceed Low-cost diabetes drug slows ageing in male monkeys and is particularly effective at delaying the effects of ageing on the brain, finds a small study that tracked the animals for more than three years. The results raise the possibility that the widely used medication, metformin (二甲双胍), could one day be used to 21 ageing in humans. Metformin has been used for more than 60 years to lower blood-sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes—and is the second most-prescribed medication in the United States. The drug has long been known to have effects beyond treating diabetes, leading researchers to study it against conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and ageing. Data from worms, rodents, flies and people who have taken the drug for diabetes suggest the drug might have anti-ageing effects. But its 22 against ageing had not been tested directly in primates, and it is unclear whether its potential anti-ageing effects are achieved by lowering blood sugar or through a separate 23 . This led Guanghui Liu, a biologist who studies ageing at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and his colleagues to test the drug on 12 elderly male cynomolgus macaques (食蟹猴); another 16 elderly monkeys and 18 young or middle-aged animals served as a control group. Every day, 24 monkeys received the standard dose of metformin that is used to control diabetes in humans. The animals took the drug for 40 months, 25 to about 13 years for humans. Over the course of the study, Liu and his colleagues took samples from 79 types of the monkeys’ tissues and organs, 26 the animals’ brains and performed routine physical examinations. By analyzing the cellular activity in the samples, the researchers were able to create a computational model to determine the tissues’ “biological age”, which can lag behind or 27 the animals’ age in years since birth. The researchers observed that the drug slowed the biological ageing of many tissues, including from the lung, kidney, liver, skin and the brain’s frontal lobe. They also found that it suppressed chronic inflammation, a key 28 of ageing. The study was not intended to see whether the drug extended the animals’ lifespans; previous research has not established an impact on lifespan but has shown 29 health span— the number of years an organism lives in good health. This means that metformin can“ 30 rewind organ age” in monkeys, Liu says. The authors also identified a potential pathway by which the drug protects the brain; it activates a protein called NRF 2, which safeguards against cellular damage triggered by injury and inflammation. Passage 4 （2026 上海市闵行交大实验学校交大附中） A．notably  B．substances  C． stimulates  D．translated   E. systematic  F. documented G. leading  H. properties      I. barrier   J. incorporating    K. ideally Dandelion May Have Distinct Health Benefits The common yellow weed has leaves rich in vitamins and may boost health in other ways, but it’s understudied in comparison to other nutraceuticals (营养保健品). The first known 31 use of dandelion benefits occurred in China around 657 C．E. during the Tang Dynasty, when it was noted as an effective treatment for breast swelling and pain. In the coming centuries, it was used to detoxify sores. A 2021 literature review in the Bulletin of the National Research Centre examined 54 studies that tested the benefits of dandelion and found that it has many protective 32 , including as a diuretic, immune booster, anti-inflammatory treatment, and even potential diabetic aid. 33 , most studies with dandelion have been conducted in test tubes or with mice. Without more 34 studies, medical practitioners will likely hesitate to integrate it into their work. “What health care providers want to see is clinical evidence, at least double-blind, randomized control studies. 35 , they’d like to see a meta-analysis or two,” says Jean Bokelmann, a medical doctor and the author of Medicinal Herbs in Primary Care: An Evidence-Guided Reference for Healthcare Providers. In her book, Bokelmann examined 55 herbs. Of those, dandelion had been the least studied, which she says poses a considerable 36 to its adoption in clinical practice. Dandelion or 37 extracted from it can be used at home, although consumers should be aware that all of them are loosely regulated by the FDA．Bokelmann recommends discussing dandelion usage with a medical care provider—just as a patient would do with any other nutraceutical —to see if it is right for them. Dandelion, for example, 38 the secretion (分泌) of bile from the liver, so she says it might not be right for people with liver conditions. For people who want to try 39 fresh dandelion into their diet, young plants from the yard will suffice. Bokelmann grabs a few early in the season and adds them to salads because they are high in vitamins C and K. When grabbing dandelion from the ground, she recommends digging up the roots. Bokelmann doesn’t think attitudes toward dandelion will change in the near future. Private industry is often responsible for 40 the charge for new remedies. “What private industry will want to study dandelions when everyone has them in their yards?” she asks. Passage 5 （2026 上海市静安区风华中学） A．produce    B．appealing    C． draw    D．accessed    E. constantly    F. approach    G. floating    H. initiated    I. community    J. densely    K. shaded It is space utilization that will harvest a new crop of ideas about urban living. In the concrete jungle, a patch of rich greenery seems almost contradictory. Yet, residents in a youth apartment building in downtown Shenzhen, South China’s Guangdong province, have planted the seeds from which a new 41 to city living is growing, cultivating a unique lifestyle. The residents in the youth apartment building can farm their own land, which can be 42 just an elevator ride away to the top of their building. There they can grow vegetables, while socializing with other residents and taking in the skyline of the city.The rooftop garden covers an area of 450 square meters and consists of a sightseeing zone, 43 leisure area, and urban farming section. To plant on the rooftop, tenants need to pay an annual fee of 300 yuan ($44) per square meter. Open-air performances are held on weekends to 44 in residents from the neighborhood, and events such as vegetable planting and pest prevention tips are provided by experts. The rooftop farm has brought positive changes. Young residents nurtured green beans, cucumbers, chilis, and eggplants etc. and are happy to share their farm 45 . It’s very nice for them to get a change of scenery occasionally by caring for their own plants and chilling out on the rooftop. The rooftop garden is part of 10 community gardens 46 by the urban management department with Nanshan district. The other gardens are mostly on the ground close to the streets. The rooftop garden is the only “ 47 green land” in the district and has turned out to be a success, bringing young people together and enhancing their sense of 48 . Visitors only need to register at the reception on the first floor to get access during the daytime. The rooftop garden model has great potential in 49 populated city areas. It can be an 50 site for walks and other activities, and a place to develop a community. With the popularity of it, an increasing number of urban residents at home and abroad have started to seek a social life that promotes environmental protection and personal health, which is good news for sustainability and community activity development. Passage 6 （2026 上海市风华中学） A．presented   B．highlighted   C． fair   D．treatments   E. conducted F. concerns G. pride H. originates I. collective J. creative K. doubts Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5. While the news has stirred (激发)China’s national 51 , it has also 52 differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world. Tu, a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary 53 for parasitic(寄生虫的)diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their anti-roundworm treatment, while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria. Tu 54 research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has considerably cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on a herb used in Chinese traditional medicine, called sweet wormwood. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria. When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize, there were cheers as well as 55 . Some said the achievement was the result of 56 efforts by lots of Chinese scientists, so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu, China Youth Daily reported. Indeed, domestic science awards are primarily 57 to projects, instead of individual scientists, the newspaper pointed out. But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the advancement of science 58 from individuals’ creative mind,” said Li. Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team, the first to extract a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit malaria, and the first to complete a clinical trial (临床试验), according to Zhang Boli, director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. “Awarding prizes to scientists with 59 ideas is the source of national innovation,” Li suggested. “The key is to create 60 rules to find the most convincing candidate.” 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空（期末复习专项训练） 语篇类型: 说明文（15篇） Passage 1 （2026 上海上海市宝山区・高一下） A．resist  B．demonstrated  C． risky  D．reflection  E. simply  F. internalize  G. flourished  H. potential  I. rebellion  J. truly  K. defended What comes to your mind when you think about peer pressure? Is it a feeling of disappointment as you think back on the times you did something dumb 1 for social reward, or because of others’ influence? What if the same psychological forces that push us toward questionable behavior also hold the power to amplify good ones? We often talk about peer pressure as something to 2 . We treat it like a villain in the story of decision-making. Peer pressure itself isn’t inherently good or bad. It’s a 3 and reinforcement of the behaviors, values, and choices a group desires most. The same social mechanisms that push people toward 4 behavior can also pull them toward cooperation and care. In one study, researchers observed how peer influence worked both ways. If popularity in a group was linked to aggression, aggressive behavior spread. However, if it was linked to kindness, prosocial behavior 5 . Peer pressure can magnify whatever matters most to a group, workplace, or family. If a culture values risk or 6 , that’s what spreads. But if a culture values curiosity, empathy, or cooperation, those qualities will grow. Research on child development shows that adolescents 7 social norms through peer interaction. In one study, researchers found that students who were considered the “popular” kids had stronger 8 to influence behavioral norms. If the popular students 9 more positive peer pressure examples such as cooperation and kindness, those behaviors were more likely to be repeated. The research around positive peer pressure in schools offers 10 remarkable hope and opportunity for students. Kids who model empathy and responsibility can redefine what’s “cool” within their social groups and turn cooperation and kindness into desirable traits. Regardless of age, it’s easy to see how prosocial behaviors can spread. Whether kids see these behaviors modeled in our communities, homes, or at schools, the message remains: seeing good behaviors modeled can get others to follow suit. 【答案】 1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．G 6．I 7．F 8．H 9．B 10．J 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了同辈压力并无绝对好坏，既能催生不良行为，也能促进善行。同伴影响会塑造人的行为，积极的同辈氛围能传播友善合作，带来长远益处。 【详解】1．考查副词。句意：是那种当你回想起自己因寻求社交认可或受他人影响而做出愚蠢行为时所产生的失望感吗？分析句子可知，此处为副词修饰目的状语，simply为副词，意为“仅仅、单纯”，符合“为了社交回报做傻事”的语境。 2．考查动词。句意：我们通常将同伴压力视为需要抵制的东西。分析句子可知，此处为不定式作定语，空处为动词原形，resist“抵制”为动词，构成“something to resist”（需要抵制的事物），呼应后文“把同辈压力当成决策中的反派”。 3．考查名词。句意：它只是反映了并强化了一个群体最渴望的行为、价值观和选择。分析句子可知，空前为不定冠词a，此处为单数名词形式，reflection为名词，与“reinforcement（强化）”并列的名词，意为“反映”，指同辈压力是群体主流价值观的反映和强化。 4．考查形容词。句意：推动人们走向危险行为的社会机制同样也能促使他们走向合作与关爱。分析句子可知，此处为形容词修饰 behavior，与后文“合作与关怀”形成正反对比，risky为形容词，指“有风险的、不良的”行为，符合语境。 5．考查动词。句意：然而，如果它与友善相关，那么助人行为就会蓬勃发展。分析句子可知，此处为动词过去式，与前文“spread（传播）”对应，flourished为动词，意为“蓬勃发展、盛行”，指亲社会行为会广泛流行，符合语境。 6．考查名词。句意：如果一种文化重视冒险或叛逆，那么这种特质就会传播开来。分析句子可知，此处与“risk（冒险）”并列的负面名词，rebellion为名词，意为“叛逆”，符合 “不良文化会传播”的逻辑。 7．考查动词。句意：儿童发展的研究表明，青少年通过与同龄人的互动来内化社会规范。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语，internalize为动词，意为“内化”，是发展心理学常用表达，指青少年通过同伴互动将社会规范转化为自身准则。 8．考查名词。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员发现那些被认为是“受欢迎”的学生具有更强的影响力来塑造行为规范的潜力。分析句子可知，此处为名词potential“潜力”构成固定搭配“have potential to do sth.”，意为“有做某事的潜力”，指受欢迎的学生有更强的影响力潜力，符合语境。 9．考查动词。句意：如果受欢迎的学生表现出更多积极的同伴压力行为，比如合作和友善，那么这些行为更有可能被重复。分析句子可知，此处为动词作谓语成分，demonstrated为动词过去式，意为“展示、示范”，指受欢迎的学生做出合作、友善的正面示范。 10．考查副词。句意：关于学校中积极的同伴压力的研究为学生提供了真正令人振奋的希望和机会。分析句子可知，此处为副词修饰形容词“remarkable”，truly为副词，意为“真正地”，强调正向同辈压力带来的巨大希望。 Passage 2 （2026 上海交大附中・高一下・调研） A．disciplines    B．focused      C． compatible    D．maintain    E. relatively F. economics    G. nominated    H. learnable      I. specialize    J. negatively K. comparable In every field, elite youth performers and elite adults were almost entirely separate groups. Around 90% of superstar adults had not been superstars as children, while only 10% of top-level kids had gone on to become exceptional adults. It is not just that exceptional performance in childhood did not predict exceptional performance as an adult. The two were actually 11 correlated, says Dr Güllich. The adult superstars also had a different approach to their fields from that of the child prodigies (神童) in that they seemed to 12 interests besides the one in which they eventually became elite. The best sportsmen and women tended to have played several sports at a(n) 13 high level. Their performance in the sport they played lagged behind that of their more 14 peers when they were young. But when they did 15 , their progress was much quicker. The same was true in other 16 . Nobel-prizewinning scientists were less likely to have won academic scholarships than those 17 for a Nobel who did not win. They also took longer to reach senior academic positions and had less impressive early publication records. Why so many exceptional performers show the same pattern of later flowering is hard to answer. The researchers consulted the literature on excellence for theories of how it arises, but none seemed 18 with their data. Instead, they offer assumptions of their own. One is “search and match”, an idea derived from labour-market 19 . This holds that having a broad range of interests and waiting before choosing offers a better chance of finding the field best suited to your talents. The young Rafael Nadal — another all-time-great tennis player — experimented with a career in football before opting for tennis. A second is “enhanced learning”, the idea that learning is itself a(n) 20 skill, and that a good way to develop it is to pursue a variety of things. The last is the limited-risk hypothesis that avoiding the hothouse (高强度环境) may stop youngsters from burning out after spending years pursuing it to the exclusion of all else. The researchers hope to extend their analysis to more fields such as business and art. 【答案】 11．J 12．D 13．E 14．B 15．I 16．A 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．H 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：各领域中，童年表现优异者与成年顶尖从业者几乎是两个不同群体，成年精英人士童年多涉猎广泛、后期才专注单一领域，并从“搜索匹配”“强化学习”“有限风险假设”三方面解释了该现象。 【详解】11．考查副词。句意：古利希博士说，这两者实际上呈负相关。空处需填副词修饰形容词correlated，结合前文“童年优异表现并不能预测成年优异表现”，可知二者是负相关，negatively(负地)符合语境。 12．考查动词。句意：成年巨星与神童对待所在领域的方式也不同，他们似乎在最终成为精英的领域之外还保持着其他兴趣。seem to后接动词原形，结合后文“成年精英童年参与多种运动”，可知他们会保持其他兴趣，maintain(保持)符合语境。 13．考查副词。句意：最优秀的运动员往往在相对较高的水平上参加过多种运动。空处需填副词修饰形容词 high，此处指水平相对较高，relatively(相对地)符合语境。 14．考查形容词。句意：年轻时，他们在所选运动项目上的表现落后于更专注的同龄人。空处需填形容词修饰名词peers，结合前文成年精英涉猎广泛，对比之下同龄人更专注单一领域，focused(专注的)符合语境。 15．考查动词。句意：但当他们确实专注于某一领域时，进步会快得多。did后接动词原形表强调，结合前文对比同龄人专注，此处指他们后期才专注，specialize(专攻；专注于)符合语境。 16．考查名词复数。句意：其他学科领域也是如此。other后接可数名词复数，前文讲运动领域，此处延伸到其他学科，disciplines(学科；领域)符合语境。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔奖得主比那些获得诺贝尔奖提名但未获奖的人获得学术奖学金的可能性更小。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰those，二者之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，nominated(被提名)符合语境。 18．考查形容词。句意：研究人员查阅了关于卓越成就成因的文献，但似乎没有一种理论与他们的数据相符。空处需填形容词作表语，结合语境指理论与数据不匹配，compatible（兼容的；相符的）符合语境。 19．考查名词。句意：一种是 “搜索与匹配”，这一观点源于劳动力市场经济学。空处需填名词，结合“labour-market(劳动力市场)”，可知对应经济学，economics(经济学)符合语境。 20．考查形容词。句意：第二种是 “强化学习”，即学习本身是一种可习得的技能，培养这种技能的好方法是涉猎多种事物。空处需填形容词修饰名词skill，结合语境指可习得的技能，learnable(可习得的)符合语境。 Passage 3 （2026 上海交大附中・高一下・期中） A．indicated    B．objective    C． package    D．traditionally    E. diversity F. countered    G. identical    H. function    I. exactly         J. equivalent    K. similarity Impossible translations If you are fluent in any language other than English, you have probably noticed that some things are impossible to translate 21 . A Japanese designer marveling at an object’s shibui (a sort of simple yet timelessly elegant beauty) may feel frustrated by English’s lack of a precise 22 . The words of different languages can divide and 23 their speakers’ thoughts and experiences differently, and provide support for the theory of “linguistic relativity”. This theory derives in part from the American linguist Edward Sapir’s 1929 claim that languages 24 to “index” their speakers’ “network of cultural patterns”. Yet Sapir also went a step further, claiming language users “do not live in the 25 world alone, but are very much at the mercy” of their languages. Few theories have proven as controversial. Sapir’s student Benjamin famously claimed in 1940 that the Hopi language’s lack of verb tenses (past, present, future) 26 its speakers have a different “psychic (心理的) experience” of time and the universe than Western physicists. This was 27 by a later study devoting nearly 400 pages to the language of time in Hopi, which included concepts such as “today”, “January” and so on. There is truth in both perspectives. At least some aspects of human languages must be 28 or nearly so, since they are all used by members of the same human species, with the same sorts of brains and patterns of communication. Yet recent increases in understanding of the world’s Indigenous (本土的) languages have taught us two important additional lessons. First, there is far more 29 among the world’s languages than previously believed. Second, differences are often related to the patterns of culture and environment in which languages are 30 spoken. For example, in many Himalayan languages, an expression like “that house” comes in three flavors: “that-house-upward”, “that-house-downward” and “that-house-on-the-same-level”—a reflection of the mountainous area where these speakers live in. When their speakers migrate to lower-elevation regions, the system may shift from “upward/downward” to “upriver/downriver”. 【答案】 21．I 22．J 23．C 24．H 25．B 26．A 27．F 28．G 29．E 30．D 【导语】本文主要围绕 “语言相对论” 展开，探讨不同语言间难以精准翻译的现象、语言对思维的影响，以及语言共性与差异的成因。 【详解】21．考查副词。句意：如果你精通英语以外的任何语言，你可能会注意到有些东西完全无法翻译。修饰动词 translate 需用副词，结合后文“日语 shibui 一词英语无精准对应词”，可知此处指无法精准翻译，exactly(完全地、精准地)符合语境。 22．考查名词。句意：一位惊叹于物品“shibui”（一种简约却永恒优雅的美）的日本设计师，可能会因英语中缺乏精准对应词而感到沮丧。形容词precise后接名词，此处指英语中没有和shibui对等的表达，equivalent(对应物、等价词)符合语境。 23．考查动词。句意：不同语言的词汇会以不同方式划分并包装使用者的思想和经历，这为“语言相对论” 提供了依据。与 divide 并列，需用动词原形，结合语境语言会区分思维，package作动词表“包装”，符合语境。 24．考查动词。句意：这一理论部分源于美国语言学家爱德华・萨丕尔 1929 年的观点，即语言起到标注使用者“文化模式网络”的作用。宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“index(标注)”，可知 function(起作用、行使职能)符合语境。 25．考查形容词。句意：但萨丕尔进一步提出，语言使用者 “并非独自生活在客观世界中，而是很大程度上受语言的支配”。修饰名词world需用形容词，客观世界为固定搭配，objective(客观的)符合语境。 26．考查动词。句意：萨丕尔的学生本杰明在 1940 年提出著名观点，霍皮语缺乏动词时态，这表明其使用者对时间和宇宙的心理体验与西方物理学家不同。宾语从句缺谓语动词，主语为“缺乏时态”这件事，indicated(表明、暗示)符合语境。 27．考查动词被动语态。句意：这一观点遭到后续一项研究的反驳，该研究用近 400 页篇幅分析霍皮语中的时间表达，包含 “今天”“一月” 等概念。此处为被动语态，结合后文研究反对前文观点，countered(反驳、驳斥)符合语境。 28．考查形容词。句意：人类语言至少在某些方面一定是相同的或近乎相同，因为它们都由人类使用，人类拥有相同的大脑和交流模式。作表语需用形容词，结合后文原因，可知语言有共性，identical(完全相同的)符合语境。 29．考查名词。句意：首先，世界上各类语言之间的差异性远比人们此前所想的要大得多。此处作主语，diversity意为差异、多样性，符合后文讲述语言不同之处的语境。 30．考查副词。句意：其次，语言差异通常与传统使用该语言的文化和环境模式相关。修饰动词spoken需用副词，traditionally(传统地)符合语境。 Passage 4 （2026 上海陆行中学・高一下・期中） A．permanently  B．spread  C．pursuing  D．sacrifice  E．objectively  F．significant G．sources  H．available  I．measures  J．presenting  K．achieve In the digital age, where information floods every corner of our lives, the role of journalists has become more crucial than ever. As the gatekeepers of information, they are responsible for sorting through the vast sea of data and 31 the public with accurate and reliable news. In the past, journalists relied mainly on traditional 32 such as interviews, official documents, and on-site investigations. These methods provided a relatively stable and trustworthy foundation for news reporting. However, the digital revolution has changed the game. Today, a vast amount of information online is 33 to them. Social media platforms, for instance, have become 34 channels for news collecting. But the information on these platforms is often unchecked, and its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Journalists need to be more cautious and take extra 35 to ensure the information they obtain is true. One of the challenges journalists face is the issue of instant news. In the digital age, the pressure to break news first is intense. This has led to a situation where false information can 36 quickly. Some people may take advantage of the flaws in information checking systems to 37 certain goals, which can mislead the public. Journalists must follow high ethical standards and report the news 38 . They should present different perspectives on an issue to give the audience a comprehensive understanding. Another aspect is the need to make news more accessible to the public. With the increasing competition in the media industry, journalists need to use multimedia elements to present news in a more interesting and engaging way. However, journalists should not 39 the quality of the news. They still need to focus on providing in-depth and accurate reports instead of 40 superficial attention-grabbing strategies. 【答案】 31．J 32．G 33．H 34．F 35．I 36．B 37．K 38．E 39．D 40．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了数字时代记者面临的挑战与应对之策。 31．考查动词。句意：作为信息的守门人，他们负责在浩如烟海的数据中进行筛选，并向公众提供准确可靠的新闻。根据空前的“sorting through the vast sea of data and”以及空后的“the public with accurate and reliable news”可知，此处表示向公众提供准确可靠的新闻，应用present“呈现，提供”，与sorting through并列，用动名词形式。 32．考查名词。句意：过去，记者主要依靠传统的来源，如采访、官方文件和现场调查。根据空后的“such as interviews, official documents, and on-site investigations”可知，此处指传统的新闻来源，应用source“来源”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式，作宾语。 33．考查形容词。句意：今天，大量的在线信息可供他们使用。根据空前的“a vast amount of information online is”以及空后的“to them”可知，此处表示大量的在线信息可供他们使用，应用available“可获得的，可利用的”，作表语。 34．考查形容词。句意：例如，社交媒体平台已经成为收集新闻的重要渠道。根据空后的“channels for news collecting”可知，此处表示社交媒体平台已经成为收集新闻的重要渠道，应用significant“重要的”，修饰名词channels，作定语。 35．考查名词。句意：记者需要更加谨慎，并采取额外措施确保他们获得的信息是真实的。根据空前的“take extra”以及空后的“to ensure the information they obtain is true”可知，此处表示采取额外措施确保信息真实，应用measures“措施”，take measures意为“采取措施”。 36．考查动词。句意：这导致了一种情况，即虚假信息可以迅速传播。根据空前的“false information can”以及空后的“quickly”可知，此处表示虚假信息可以迅速传播，应用spread“传播”，与can构成谓语。 37．考查动词。句意：有些人可能会利用信息检查系统的缺陷来实现某些目标，这可能会误导公众。根据空前的“take advantage of the flaws in information checking systems to”以及空后的“certain goals”可知，此处表示利用信息检查系统的缺陷来实现某些目标，应用achieve“实现”，与to构成不定式。 38．考查副词。句意：记者必须遵循高道德标准，客观地报道新闻。根据空前的“report the news ”可知，此处表示记者应该客观地报道新闻，应用objectively“客观地”，修饰动词report，作状语。 39．考查动词。句意：然而，记者不应该牺牲新闻的质量。根据空前的“journalists should not”以及空后的“the quality of the news”可知，此处表示记者不应该牺牲新闻的质量，应用sacrifice“牺牲”，与should not构成谓语。 40．考查动词。句意：他们仍然需要专注于提供深入和准确的报道，而不是追求肤浅的吸引眼球的策略。根据空前的“instead of”以及空后的“superficial attention-grabbing strategies”可知，此处表示而不是追求肤浅的吸引眼球的策略，应用pursue“追求”，作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。 Passage 5 （2025 上海中原中学・高一下・期末） . A．recycled            B．advanced            C． challenging            D．protection            E. productive F. establishing            G. separation            H. resupply            I. controlled            J. progress K. transporting Growing Food in 3D-printed Greenhouses to Feed Astronauts Space is dangerous, almost unimaginably so. But technological 41 has allowed people to explore this extremely deadly environment for decades. Within the 42 of a space station, astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer, safely. The International Space Station can go for months without a(n) 43 . But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter altogether. It now seems that 44 a base on the moon or sending humans to Mars is just on the horizon. That can only happen if new and completely reliable ways are developed to provide humans with enough air, water and food. One company, Interstellar Labs, believes they have created a system that can solve the food problem. They have developed a(n) 45 , self-sustaining system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space. They call their artificial intelligence (AI) managed greenhouses BioPods, and they are designed to be very efficient. In fact, Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent. That is not an impossible claim. BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants, and the vast majority of water is continuously 46 . According to Interstellar Labs, BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more 47 than traditionally grown plants, using much less water. The conditions inside of a BioPod are 48 by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature to maximize growth. This creates ideal growing conditions no matter what the environment is outside, including the emptiness of space. The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment, too. The pod’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form. This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars, making 49 a large structure unnecessary. Like most technology developed for space exploration, BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the most 50 environments. 【答案】 41．J 42．D 43．H 44．F 45．B 46．A 47．E 48．I 49．K 50．C 【导语】本文介绍Interstellar Labs公司研发的AI调控3D打印BioPod温室系统，可高效、自给自足种植植物，适配太空及地球极端环境，助力太空探索。 41．考查名词。句意：但技术的进步使得人们能够在几十年的时间里深入探索这个极其危险的环境。根据“has allowed people to explore this extremely deadly environment for decades”以及句意“进步”可知应填名词progress，作主语。 42．考查名词。句意：在空间站的保护之下，宇航员能够获得充足的空气、食物和水，从而能够安全地完成长达一年或更长时间的任务。根据“astronauts have enough air, food and water to complete missions of a year or longer, safely”以及句意“保护”可知应填名词protection，作宾语。 43．考查名词。句意：国际空间站在数月内无需进行补给也能正常运行。根据“The International Space Station can go for months”以及句意“补给”可知应填名词resupply，作宾语。 44．考查动词。句意：现在看来，在月球上建立基地或者将人类送上火星似乎已指日可待。根据“a base on the moon”以及句意“建立”可知应填动名词establishing，作主语。 45．考查形容词。句意：他们已经研发出了一种先进的、能够自我维持的系统，该系统能够在任何地方种植植物，甚至在太空中也能如此。根据“self-sustaining system that can grow plants anywhere, even in space”以及句意“先进的”可知应填形容词advanced，作定语修饰名词system。 46．考查形容词。句意：BioPod不使用任何土壤来种植植物，而且绝大部分的水都是不断循环利用的。根据“BioPods don’t use any soil to grow plants”以及句意“循环利用的”可知应填形容词recycled，作表语。 47．考查形容词。句意：据Interstellar Labs称，通过BioPod培育的植物的产量是传统种植植物的300倍之多，而且用水量却少得多。根据“BioPod-grown plants are up to 300 times more”以及句意“多产的”可知应填形容词productive，作表语。 48．考查动词。句意：BioPod内的环境是由人工智能控制的，它能够调整从光线到温度等一切因素，以促进植物的最大化生长。根据“by AI, which can change anything from the lighting to the temperature to maximize growth”以及句意“控制”可知应填动词control，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文are可知为一般现在时的被动语态。 49．考查动词。句意：这意味着BioPod可以直接建造在月球或火星的表面，从而无需进行大型结构的运输工作。根据“This means that a BioPod could be built right on the surface of the moon or Mars”以及句意“运输”可知应填transporting，动名词作宾语。 50．考查形容词。句意：和大多数为太空探索而研发的技术一样，BioPod也可在地球上投入使用，即便在环境最严苛的地区，也能提供高效的粮食生产体系。根据“BioPods can also be used on Earth to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the most”以及句意“最严苛的”可知应填形容词challenging，修饰名词environments作定语。 Passage 6 （2026 上海吴淞中学・高一下・期中） A．withdraw   B．isolated   C． ties   D．professionally   E. venturing   F. appreciate    G. tipped   H. preferences   I. naturally   J. rewiring   K. inquire As an old saying goes, don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Still, many people who might follow this financial advice often ignore it when it comes to their daily lives: their self-esteem may depend on whether they get promoted at work, or their social 51 might rely on a single close friend. Just as putting all your resources into one stock is a recipe for financial disaster, relying on only one or two baskets to hold your emotional needs can lead to trouble if those baskets are 52 over: your company might go out of business. Similarly, your friend might 53 because they’re feeling stressed. Often, the solution to their problems lies in exploring these areas-essentially stepping outside their comfort zones. The same idea applies here: diversifying — creating new baskets — involves 54 into unfamiliar territory, trying new things. Ask yourself what’s most lacking in your life socially or 55 that you need to develop? Again, the more baskets the better. Once you know where you want to go, it’s time to plan how to get there. If you’re quite 56 , consider ways to expand your social network; if your professional self-esteem depends on your promotion, step back and 57 how much your professional skills have developed over time. But, if possible, also dig deeper. For example, having a small social circle could be the result of being 58 shy and having social anxiety, just as putting all your eggs in the job baskets is a byproduct of anxiety that keeps your world small. Ideally, focus on both what you can do to expand your world and attack what might be holding you back. Instead of doing what you think you should, try following what excites you. Following excitement or simple 59 not only helps you break free from being driven by others’ approval, but also points the direction to what you truly want and need. By letting these positive feelings be your guide, you’re 60 your brain and lowering your anxiety. 【答案】 51．C 52．G 53．A 54．E 55．D 56．B 57．F 58．I 59．H 60．J 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了生活中人们不应把情感寄托单一化，应通过走出舒适区、拓展社交与职业边界、遵从内心喜好等方式丰富生活支撑，从而缓解焦虑。 51．考查名词。句意：他们的自尊可能取决于工作中是否得到晋升，或者他们的社交关系可能依赖于某一个亲密的朋友。形容词social后需接名词，tie表示“关系，联系”，social ties为固定搭配，意为“社交关系”。 52．考查动词。句意：正如把所有资产都投在一只股票上注定会招致财务危机一样，只依靠一两个“篮子”来承载你的情感需求，一旦这些“篮子”被打翻，也会招致麻烦：比如你所在的公司可能会倒闭。空前if those baskets are提示此处为被动语态，空处需填过去分词，tip over为固定短语，意为“打翻，弄翻”，tip的过去分词为tipped。 53．考查动词。句意：同样，你的朋友可能会因为感到压力大而疏远。情态动词might后接动词原形，根据后文because they’re feeling stressed可知，朋友可能会因为感到压力大而疏远自己。withdraw表示“退出，疏远”。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：多样化 —— 建立新的“篮子”—— 意味着涉足不熟悉的领域，尝试新事物。involve后接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，建立新的“篮子”意味着涉足不熟悉的领域。venture into为固定搭配，意为“冒险进入，涉足”，venture的动名词形式为venturing。 55．考查副词。句意：问问自己在社交或职业上最缺乏什么，需要去培养什么？连词or连接并列成分，socially为副词，此处也应用副词，professionally表示 “职业上，专业上”与socially并列。 56．考查形容词。句意：如果你相当孤僻，就想办法拓展你的社交圈。空前are后接形容词作表语，根据consider ways to expand your social network可知，性格孤僻就需要拓展社交圈。isolated表示“孤僻的，孤立的”。 57．考查谓语动词。句意：如果你的职业自尊完全取决于能否升职，退一步，体会一下你的专业技能随着时间推移提升了多少。连词and连接并列祈使句，此处用动词原形，根据句意可知，此处建议人们退一步，体会一下自己专业技能的提高。appreciate表示“领会，体会，欣赏”。 58．考查副词。句意：例如，社交圈狭小可能是天生害羞且患有社交焦虑的结果，就像把所有希望都寄托在工作上，是让自身世界变得狭小的焦虑所产生的副产品一样。修饰形容词shy需用副词，naturally表示 “天生地，自然地”，符合句意。 59．考查名词。句意：遵从内心的兴奋或简单的偏好，不仅能帮你摆脱他人认可的驱使，同时也能为你指明内心真正渴望与需要的方向。形容词simple后接名词，根据前文“try following what excites you”可知，要遵从自己的喜好。preference表示“偏好，喜好”，符合句意。 60．考查动词。句意：通过让这些积极情绪指引你，你正在重构大脑、降低焦虑。空前are及空后and lowering提示此处为现在进行时，此处表示你正在重构大脑，rewire表示“重新连接，重构”，其现在分词形式为rewiring。 Passage 7 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一下） . A．reshape    B．availability    C． managing    D．particularly    E. graduates  F. based G. facing     H. links    I. comparable    J. stably      K. identified Ali Mahlodji is trying to prepare the next generation of Austrians for jobs that do not yet exist. The company he founded eight years ago, Whatchado, helps match job seekers with companies and informs fresh 61 about careers they may not have learnt about in school. Mr. Mahlodji, a former teacher who came to Austria as a refugee 35 years ago, 62 the company on his experiences as a young man. Before devoting himself to start-ups, he had held more than 40 jobs, from cleaning floors, 63 projects at a corporate technology company, to teaching at a high school. “Sixty per cent of children entering primary school today will end up 64 completely new job types that don’t yet exist,” says Mr. Mahlodji. That is why, more recently, he founded a new company, FutureOne, regarded as one of the 65 between large companies, students and teachers, as educators and businesses plan for a more digitally oriented future. “While the nature of work is changing all over the world, Austria”, he says, “has been 66 slow to adapt.” While Austria’s real GDP per capita last year was the seventh-highest in the EU, the country “is adapting to the global digitalization at a slower pace than in 67 countries”, the OECD reported last year. The club of mostly rich nations also found that the 68 of digital skills in Austria’s population fell behind that of its western European peers. Digitalization was 69 as a primary goal of the government in 2022, but the goal has been interrupted by the pandemic. Mr. Hakes says, “ It’s clear that the coronavirus crisis will dramatically 70 the labour market”. While it will present some difficulties, there are also opportunities. 【答案】 61．E 62．F 63．C 64．G 65．H 66．D 67．I 68．B 69．K 70．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了Ali Mahlodji为奥地利下一代应对未来新兴职业所做的努力，以及奥地利在数字化适应方面面临的挑战和政府的目标。 61．考查名词。句意：他八年前创立的公司Whatchado帮助求职者与企业匹配，并向刚毕业的学生介绍他们可能在学校没有了解过的职业。本空作informs的宾语，用名词，根据“about careers they may not have learnt about in school”可知，本空表示“毕业生”，且不止一个毕业生，用复数形式graduates。 62．考查动词。句意：Mahlodji先生是一位前教师，35年前作为难民来到奥地利，他根据自己的年轻经历创办了这家公司。根据空后的“the company on his experiences”可知，此处表示“以……为基础创办公司”，应用动词base，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式based。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：在投身于创业之前，他做过40多份工作，从清洁地板，到管理一家企业科技公司的项目，再到在高中教书。根据空前的“from cleaning floors”和空后的“to teaching at a high school”可知，此处应填与cleaning和teaching并列的动名词形式，表示“管理”，用managing。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：“今天进入小学的孩子中，有60%最终将面临全新的、尚不存在的职业类型，”Mahlodji先生说。根据“end up”和“completely new job”可知，此处表示“最终面临”，应用动词face，end up doing sth.意为“最终做某事”，本空用动名词facing。 65．考查名词。句意：这就是为什么最近他创立了一家新公司FutureOne，被认为是大公司、学生和教师之间的联系之一，因为教育工作者和企业正在为更加数字化的未来做计划。根据空后的“between large companies, students and teachers”可知，此处用名词link“联系”，根据one of the可知，用复数形式。 66． 考查副词。句意：他表示：“尽管全球的工作形态都在发生变化，但奥地利在适应（变革）方面一直格外迟缓。”前后文为转折关系，此处表示格外迟缓，本空修饰形容词slow，用副词particularly“格外地，特别地”作状语。 67．考查形容词。句意：经济合作与发展组织去年报告称，“尽管奥地利去年的人均实际GDP在欧盟排名第七，但该国适应全球数字化的速度比其他可比国家要慢。”根据空前的“is adapting to the global digitalization at a slower pace than in”和空后的“countries”可知，此处意为“可对比的，同等水平的”，用comparable，作定语，修饰countries。 68．考查名词。句意：这个主要由富裕国家组成的俱乐部还发现，奥地利人口中数字技能的可用性落后于西欧同行。本空作主语，且根据空后的“of digital skills”可知，用名词availability“可用性”。 69．考查动词。句意：数字化在2022年被确定为政府的主要目标，但这一目标因疫情而中断。根据空后的“as a primary goal”可知，此处表示“被确定为……目标”，应用动词identify，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用过去式identified。 70．考查动词。句意：Hakes先生说：“很明显，冠状病毒危机将极大地重塑劳动力市场。”根据空后的“the labour market”可知，此处应填动词原形，表示“重塑”，用reshape。 Passage 8 （2026 上海晋元高级中学・高一下） A．increasingly  B．portal  C． shared  D．scale  E. emerging  F. worsening  G. tensions  H. critic  I. restored  J. diversely  K. confusion Global governance is facing complex tests as regional conflicts and economic shifts make 2026 a year of critical transitions. The world is in urgent need of cooperation to address 71 challenges, from ongoing political conflicts to the uneven recovery of the global economy, which has made life hard for poor communities. Good news is that diplomatic dialogues have been 72 in many regions, with key powers returning to negotiation tables to ease 73 and bridge differences. Major summits such as APEC and the China-Arab Summit have served as a/an 74 for countries to exchange ideas, build trust and reach consensus on pressing issues. These platforms have become more and more vital in promoting multilateralism amid growing unilateral tendencies. However, mixed messages from the media still cause public 75 , leaving many citizens unsure of the true direction of global affairs. A well-known political 76 warned that failure to act quickly would deepen division across the world and undermine the foundation of global cooperation. Meanwhile, misinformation spreads rapidly online, further 77 public distrust. To enhance stability and prosperity, nations are expanding cooperation on a larger 78 , covering climate action, food security and digital governance. International organizations are working to monitor risks and coordinate responses in real time, ensuring timely and effective solutions to 79 crises. Notably, developing countries are playing a more active role in shaping global rules. As the world becomes 80 interconnected, values like peace, fairness and mutual respect matter more than ever. Only through persistent and joint efforts can we handle the urgent issues facing humanity and build a more resilient, inclusive future for generations to come. 【答案】 71．E 72．I 73．G 74．B 75．K 76．H 77．F 78．D 79．C 80．A 【导语】文章主要说明了2026年全球治理形势复杂，各地重启外交对话缓和矛盾。但舆论乱象加剧分歧，各国正扩大协作，携手应对各类新兴危机，共建稳定未来。 71．考查形容词。句意：世界迫切需要通过合作来应对各种新出现的挑战，包括持续不断的政治冲突以及全球经济复苏的不均衡状况等，这些都给贫困社区的生活带来了极大的困难。根据“from ongoing political conflicts to the uneven recovery of the global economy”以及句意“新出现的”可知应填形容词emerging，作定语修饰名词challenges。 72．考查动词。句意：好消息是，在许多地区，外交对话已经得以恢复，主要大国也重新回到了谈判桌前，以缓解紧张局势并弥合分歧。根据“with key powers returning to negotiation tables”以及句意“恢复”可知应填动词restored，结合上文have been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。 73．考查名词。句意：好消息是，在许多地区，外交对话已经得以恢复，主要大国也重新回到了谈判桌前，以缓解紧张局势并弥合分歧。根据“and bridge differences”以及句意“紧张局势”可知应填复数名词tensions，作宾语。 74．考查名词。句意：像亚太经合组织峰会以及中国-阿拉伯国家峰会这样的重要会议，为各国提供了交流思想、增进信任并就紧迫问题达成共识的通道。根据“for countries to exchange ideas, build trust and reach consensus on pressing issues”以及句意“通道”可知应填名词portal，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。 75．考查名词。句意：然而，媒体传递出的杂乱信息仍然让公众感到困惑，致使许多民众对全球事务的真实走向感到不确定。根据“leaving many citizens unsure of the true direction of global affairs”以及句意“困惑”可知应填名词confusion，作宾语。 76．考查名词。句意：一位知名的政论家警告称，若不迅速采取行动，将会加剧全球范围内的分歧，并破坏全球合作的基石。根据“warned that failure to act quickly would deepen division across the world and undermine the foundation of global cooperation”以及句意“政论家”可知应填名词critic，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。 77．考查动词。句意：与此同时，错误信息在互联网上迅速传播，进一步加剧了公众的不信任感。根据“public distrust”以及句意“加剧”可知应填现在分词worsening，作状语。 78．考查名词。句意：为了促进稳定与繁荣，各国正在更大范围内加强合作，合作领域涵盖气候行动、粮食安全以及数字治理等方面。根据“covering climate action, food security and digital governance”以及句意“范围”可知应填名词scale，作宾语。 79．考查形容词。句意：国际组织正在努力实时监测风险并协调应对措施，以确保对共同面临的危机能够及时采取有效对策。根据“International organizations are working to monitor risks and coordinate responses in real time”以及句意“共同的”可知应填形容词shared，作定语修饰名词crises。 80．考查副词。句意：随着世界日益紧密地相互联系在一起，诸如和平、公平和相互尊重等价值观比以往任何时候都更加重要。根据“interconnected, values like peace, fairness and mutual respect matter more than ever”以及句意“日益”可知应填副词increasingly，修饰动词interconnected。 Passage 9 （2026 上海浦东进才中学・高一下） A．littered    B．landscape    C． grounded    D．maintained    E. affectionate F. blow    G. thriving    H. address    I. remaining    J. invest    K. specific The Shifting Flow of Advertising Dollars Social media companies are soaking up the billions in advertising dollars that once flowed to traditional media companies. This trend has been a hard 81 to news organizations. Just two months into 2024, several news organizations are already falling apart. The Messenger shut down in January. Buzz Feed announced it would cut 16% of its 82 staff. Hundreds of local outlets have not been so lucky, closing their doors as advertising dollars disappear. These news organizations are crucial to the communities—both local and national—that they serve. They work hard to ensure that their platforms are 83 in facts and free of abuse. You’re not going to find articles promoting body dysmorphia (身体畸形恐惧症) in the pages of The New York Times. The Wall Street Journal is not going to casually provide carelessly risky investment advice. CNN will not enrich itself through indecent photographs of minors. If any of these companies got involved in such behavior, it would be a major scandal. That would not only leave their reputations scarred but also chase away advertisers. As a result, these organizations 84 heavily in content review. But the technology platforms, for some reason, are judged by different rules. It’s not fair to say the road is 85 with examples pointing to bad behavior. It’s buried in them. Time and time again, companies like Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and others have been caught allowing harmful content to exist on their platforms. In many cases, such content has not only been permitted to exist, but encouraged by powerful algorithms (算法). What happens when the very humans who control the platforms find out about such content and are questioned about it? Well, they often just release vague public statements. Most of them fail to 86 the root causes in a meaningful way. As a matter of fact, the advertising dollars that once supported the carefully 87 gardens of traditional media outlets have moved to a world which prefers profits and growth over the public good. To be fair, brands would likely prefer to advertise on the platforms of responsible media actors versus the risky world of social media. But Big Tech, with a larger and younger audience, offers these brands much more effective targeting. To make matters worse, news companies have been far too slow to adapt to the changing technological 88 . They often come with ugly websites and apps and lack the tools necessary for targeting 89 audiences that advertisers want to reach. It’s a disaster that will have great impacts on civilization in the years ahead. News organizations, crucial to a functioning society, are being hollowed out (掏空), if not dying. Meanwhile, technology giants, which have allowed for harmful content to gain a foothold in the digital public square, are 90 . 【答案】 81．F 82．I 83．C 84．J 85．A 86．H 87．D 88．B 89．K 90．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了广告资金从传统新闻媒体流向社交媒体平台的趋势、原因及其对社会造成的影响。 81．考查名词。句意：这一趋势对新闻机构来说是沉重的打击。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词hard，需填入单数可数名词；方框中的blow作名词时意为“打击”，构成固定搭配a hard blow，表示“严重的打击”，符合本题语境。 82．考查形容词。句意：Buzz Feed宣布将裁员16% 的剩余员工。空格后有名词staff，需用形容词作定语修饰它；根据it would cut 16%可知，方框中的remaining作形容词意为“剩余的”，符合本题语境。 83．考查形容词。句意：他们努力工作确保平台以事实为依据，杜绝不当行为。空格前有are，空格后有介词in，需填入形容词作表语；方框中的grounded作形容词时意为“以……为依据的”，构成固定搭配be grounded in，表示“以……为依据”，符合本题语境。 84．考查动词。句意：因此，这些机构在内容审核上大量投入。本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；主语是复数名词these organizations，所填词作谓语，其后有介词in，需填入动词原形；方框中的invest意为“投入”，可与介词in搭配，表示“在……上投入”，符合本题语境。 85．考查过去分词。句意：说这条道路上遍布着不良行为的例子，这种说法并不为过。空格前有is，空格后有介词with，需填入过去分词构成系表结构；方框中的littered是litter的过去分词，可以构成搭配be littered with，表示“到处都是、充斥着”，符合本题语境。 86．考查动词。句意：它们大多未能有效解决问题的根源。空格前有fail to，需填入动词原形；根据空格后的the root causes可知，方框中的address作动词时意为“解决”，符合本题语境。 87．考查过去分词。句意：事实上，那些曾经支撑着传统媒体机构精心维护的内容园地的广告资金，已经转向了一个重利润与增长、轻公共利益的领域。空格前有carefully作状语，且所填词作定语修饰名词gardens，需填入过去分词；方框中的maintained意为“被维护的”，符合本题语境。 88．考查名词。句意：更糟糕的是，新闻企业适应不断变化的技术格局的速度过于缓慢。空格前有形容词technological作定语，需填入名词；根据to adapt to the changing technological可知，方框中的landscape作名词时意为“格局”，符合本题语境。 89．考查形容词。句意：它们缺乏定位广告商想要触达的特定受众的必要工具。空格后有名词audiences，需用形容词作定语修饰它；方框中的形容词specific意为“特定的”，符合本题语境。 90．考查动词。句意：与此同时，纵容有害内容的科技巨头却在蓬勃发展。technology giants作主语，所填词置于are后一起构成谓语，该动作正在进行，需填入现在分词构成现在进行时；方框中的thriving是动词thrive的现在分词，意为“蓬勃发展、繁荣”，符合本题语境。 Passage 10 （2026 上海杨浦・高二下・模拟） A．fix   B．focus   C． lacking   D．liberate   E. mount   F. rewiring   G. sound   H. tipped   I. uncharted   J. withdraw   K. wrapped Expand Your World: The Wisdom of Multiple “Baskets” No established financial advisor would suggest risking your entire life savings on a single stock because putting all your resources into one is simply a recipe for financial disaster. That is precisely why the old saying holds true: “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket” is not just folk wisdom — it’s 91 financial advice. Likewise, relying on only one or two baskets to hold your emotional needs can lead to trouble if those baskets are 92 over: your company might go out of business, forcing you to start over elsewhere; your friend might move away, or your partner might 93 because they’re feeling depressed or stressed. There is a concept in therapy about identifying the “holes” — what the individual, couple, or family cannot do or does not discuss. Often, the 94 for their problems and ultimately, even their happiness, lies in exploring these areas — essentially stepping outside their comfort zones and going where they normally won’t. The same idea applies here: Diversifying — creating new baskets — involves venturing into 95 territory, trying new things. Ask yourself what’s most 96 in your life — socially, professionally, or for your self-esteem — that you need to develop? Again, the more baskets the better. Once you know where you want to go, it’s time to 97 the expedition. If you’re quite isolated, consider ways to expand your social circle; if your parenting depends on your child’s achievements, step back and appreciate your child’s basic character and values. If possible, also dig deeper: consider how your tunnel vision and narrow 98 might actually be solutions to an underlying problem. Ideally, focus on both — what you can proactively do to expand your world and, just as importantly, attack what might be holding you back. Instead of doing what you think you should, try following, even in the smallest way, what excites you. Following excitement or simple preferences not only helps 99 yourself from running on autopilot or being driven by others’ approval, but also points the direction to what you truly want and need. By letting these positive feelings be your guide, you’re 100 your brain and lowering your anxiety. 【答案】 91．G 92．H 93．J 94．A 95．I 96．C 97．E 98．B 99．D 100．F 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主题是：不要把所有情感寄托在单一事物上，应通过多元化生活、尝试新事物来拓展世界，从而缓解焦虑、获得幸福。 91．考查形容词。句意：“不要把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”不只是民间智慧——它还是合理的理财建议。根据空后“financial advice”可知，空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词短语，sound“合理的”符合语境，表示这是合理的财务建议。故选G项。 92．考查动词。句意：同样，如果承载你情感需求的篮子被打翻，只依赖一两个篮子也会带来麻烦：你的公司可能会倒闭，迫使你在其他地方重新开始；你的朋友可能会搬走，或者你的伴侣可能会因为感到沮丧或压力而退出。根据空后“your company might go out of business, forcing you to start over elsewhere; your friend might move away”可知，此处描述的是负面情况，tipped“使翻倒，使倾覆”符合语境，表示篮子被打翻。故选H项。 93．考查动词。句意：同样，如果承载你情感需求的篮子被打翻，只依赖一两个篮子也会带来麻烦：你的公司可能会倒闭，迫使你在其他地方重新开始；你的朋友可能会搬走，或者你的伴侣可能会因为感到沮丧或压力而退出。根据空后“because they’re feeling depressed or stressed”可知，空格处需要一个动词表示伴侣的行为，withdraw“退出”符合语境。故选J项。 94．考查名词。句意：通常，解决他们问题、最终甚至获得幸福的方法在于探索这些领域——本质上就是走出他们的舒适区，去他们通常不会去的地方。根据空后的“essentially stepping outside their comfort zones and going where they normally won’t.”和空后“for their problems”可知，空格处需要一个名词表示问题的解决方法，fix“解决方法，对策”符合句意。故选A项。 95．考查形容词。句意：同样的想法也适用于这里：多元化——创造新的篮子——涉及进入未知领域，尝试新事物。根据空后“territory, trying new things”可知，空格处需要一个形容词修饰名词，uncharted“未知的，无人涉足的”符合句意。故选I项。 96．考查形容词。句意：问问自己，在你的生活中，在社会、职业或自尊方面，你最缺乏的是什么，你需要发展什么？be动词后接现在分词，根据空后“that you need to develop”可知，空格处应填“缺乏”，lacking“缺乏”符合句意。故选C项。 97．考查动词。句意：一旦你知道自己想去哪里，就该开始这次探险了。根据空前“it’s time to”和空后“the expedition”可知，空格处需要一个动词表示“开始探险”，固定搭配mount the expedition“着手开展行动”，不定式to后接动词原形，mount符合句意。故选E项。 98．考查名词。句意：如果可能的话，也要深入挖掘：考虑一下你的狭隘视野和有限的关注点实际上可能是潜在问题的解决方案。根据空前“your tunnel vision and narrow”可知，空格处需要一个名词与“tunnel vision（狭隘视野）”并列，focus“关注点”符合语境。故选B项。 99．考查动词。句意：追随兴奋或简单的偏好不仅有助于解放自己，摆脱自动驾驶或受他人认可的驱使，而且还指出了你真正想要和需要的方向。根据空前“help”和空后“yourself from running on autopilot”可知，空格处需要一个动词表示“解放”，liberate“解放”符合语境。故选D项。 100．考查动词。句意：通过让这些积极的感觉引导你，你正在重塑你的大脑，降低你的焦虑。根据空前“you’re”和空后“your brain”可知，空格处需要一个动词表示对大脑的动作，rewiring“重塑，重新接线”符合语境，表示通过积极感受的引导，大脑在发生重塑或改变。故选F项。 Passage 11 （2026 上海格致中学・高一下） A．accessible     B．belonging    C． densely     D．dust      E. intermittent     F. irresponsible    G. maintain    H. massively    I. simple    J. suspension    K. unaffordable With population increases and global urbanization ever accelerating, much attention is focused on the sustainability of our cities and scarce attention is paid to the countryside. Rural life is associated with closely-knit communities, sense of 101 , and a simple, tranquil life. Yet whilst some or all of these elements exist in the countryside, so do conservatism and a lack of employment opportunities. And it is mostly due to the latter that rural communities are suffering. Attracted by the improved economics of urban areas, country-dwellers across the world are moving out, contributing to the excessive crowdedness of 102 populated cities, and leaving the countryside in desolation. So how can the countryside ensure its survival among these changes; or should it at all? Due to both the distance between residences and facilities and often 103 public transport, those living in the countryside are heavier automobile users. Rural dwellers also use more energy to 104 their mostly detached buildings. We may be piled up like boxes in the city, but this brings energy efficiency that the countryside cannot match. Rural energy requirements result in higher carbon emissions per person than in the city, so it is actually 105 to endorse such a lifestyle choice. Protecting the countryside is a hot topic. Those who have made their fortunes in the city often buy second homes in the countryside, visiting occasionally for a sample of a supposedly 106 life. The side-effect of this is that house prices are pushed up due to increased demand, leaving them 107 or local people. A solution has yet to be found for this challenge, for market forces are further forcing residents out of the countryside. Whilst an idealized view of the countryside is common, the reality is that rural life has continuously evolved. Industrialization brought an increase in divisions of labour, changing social links between rural people. The internet has introduced once foreign cultures into the countryside. Improved travel connections and affordability have made the world more 108 , creating a “global village.” Considering these changes, surely an evolving countryside is inevitable. Perhaps the countryside should also prepare itself for 109 increasing population in the future. With cities across the world growing rapidly, how will the current urban generation respond to the inevitable social changes of mass urbanization? Will the longing for a simpler life become stronger, fueling a rural renaissance? As the world continues to urbanize, the voices calling for rural preservation may well grow louder. But change is inevitable. We know that the world is going to see new cities emerging from the 110 and current cities growing into megacities, but the future of the countryside is less clear. 【答案】 101．B 102．C 103．E 104．G 105．F 106．I 107．K 108．A 109．H 110．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕乡村发展现状展开，分析人口流失、能源消耗等问题，探讨乡村未来的发展与变化趋势。 101．考查名词。句意：乡村生活与关系紧密的社区、归属感以及平静简朴的生活联系在一起。根据前文“closely-knit communities”可知，乡村生活让人有归属感，belonging意为“归属感”，符合语境。故选B。 102．考查副词。句意：受城市经济发展的吸引，世界各地的乡村居民不断迁出，导致人口密集的城市过度拥挤，乡村则一片荒芜。根据“excessive crowdedness”可知，城市人口分布密集，densely意为“密集地”，修饰populated，符合语境。作状语。故选C。 103．考查形容词。句意：由于住所与设施之间距离较远，且公共交通常常断断续续，乡村居民更多地依赖汽车出行。根据后文“heavier automobile users”可知，乡村公共交通不连贯、时有时无，intermittent意为“断断续续的”，符合语境。作定语。故选E。 104．考查动词。句意：乡村居民还要消耗更多能源来维持他们大多独立的房屋。根据“use more energy”和“detached buildings”可知，此处指维持房屋所需的能耗，maintain意为“维持，保养”，符合语境。to后接动词原形。故选G。 105．考查形容词。句意：乡村人均能源消耗带来更高碳排放，因此推崇这种生活方式其实是不负责任的。根据前文“higher carbon emissions”可知，这样的生活方式对环境不利，irresponsible意为“不负责任的”，符合语境。作表语。故选F。 106．考查形容词。句意：那些在城市发家的人常在乡村购置第二居所，偶尔前往体验所谓的简朴生活。根据前文对乡村“simple, tranquil life”的描述可知，此处指简朴的生活，simple意为“简朴的”，符合语境。作定语。故选I。 107．考查形容词。句意：这一现象的副作用是需求增加推高房价，让当地人买不起房。根据“house prices are pushed up”可知，房价上涨导致当地人无力承担，unaffordable意为“负担不起的”，符合语境。作宾语补足语。故选K。 108．考查形容词。句意：交通条件改善、出行成本降低，让世界变得更容易到达，形成了“地球村”。根据“Improved travel connections”可知，世界各地更易抵达，accessible意为“可到达的”，符合语境。作宾语补足语。故选A。 109．考查副词。句意：或许乡村也应准备好应对未来人口的大幅增长。根据后文“cities growing rapidly”“mass urbanization”可知，人口可能大规模增长，massively意为“大量地，大规模地”，符合语境。作状语。故选H。 110．考查名词。句意：我们知道世界将见证新城市从尘土中崛起，现有城市发展为特大城市，但乡村的未来却不甚明朗。根据“new cities emerging”可知，城市从土地尘土中兴起，dust意为“尘土”，符合语境。作宾语。故选D。 Passage 12 （2026 上海嘉定） A．purchased   B．vision   C． indicating   D．considerably   E. covering F. ripen   G. confusion   H. concept   I. rots   J. subsequently   K. severe New Label Helps Consumers Better Determine Food Quality Determining whether food has spoiled can be a tricky task. The 111 over “use by” and “best before” labels often results in safe and consumable food being thrown out. This issue contributes significantly to the global food crisis, as roughly one-third of the food produced for the world is being wasted and millions of people in dozens of countries are facing 112 hunger each year. However, a groundbreaking invention called Mimica Touch aims to help tackle this crisis by providing a more accurate method of evaluating the safety of food 113 . Consisting of a label that transforms in texture (质地) when food spoils, Mimica Touch features a plastic sheet with raised lines inside a 114 that signal spoilt food. The plastic bumps (凸块) are covered with a thin layer of natural substance that 115 at the same rate as the food. When the substance turns from a solid state to a liquid state, the label transforms from firm and smooth to soft and bumpy, 116 that the food has gone bad. Solveiga Pakštaité came up with the 117 for Mimica Touch while she was a student at Brunel University in London. The goal of the original project was to help people with 118 problems check the use-by date on packaged food. Pakštaité said she was inspired by banana skins, which change texture as they 119 . Although Mimica Touch began as a university project, the invention has the potential to 120 reduce the huge quantity of food that goes to waste every year. Moreover, it could help consumers enjoy the food they purchase more safely and for longer periods. 【答案】 111．G 112．K 113．A 114．E 115．I 116．C 117．H 118．B 119．F 120．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项名为“米米卡触摸”的开创性发明，旨在通过提供一种更准确的评估所购买食物是否变质的方法来帮助减少食物浪费。 【详解】111．考查名词。句意：关于“使用截止日期”和“最佳食用期限”标签的混淆常常导致原本安全且可食用的食物被丢弃。该空需要一个名词作主语，根据后面定语部分over “use by” and “best before” labels 可知，这两种标签引发困惑。名词confusion“困惑”符合题意。 故选G项。 112．考查形容词。句意：这一问题对全球粮食危机产生了严重影响，因为全球生产的约三分之一的粮食都被浪费掉了，而且每年有数十个国家有数百万人面临严重的饥饿问题。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词hunger，形容词severe“严重的”符合语境。故选K项。 113．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，一项名为“米米卡触摸”的开创性发明旨在通过提供一种更准确的评估所购买食物安全性的方法来帮助解决这一危机。该空为名词food的后置定语，purchase的过去分词purchased“购买”符合语境。故选A项。 114．考查名词。句意：米米卡触摸产品由一个标签组成，该标签在食物变质时会改变质地，其特色在于一个覆盖层内部带有凸起线条的塑料片，通过这些线条可以指示出变质的食物。该空需要一个名词作宾语，这个凸起条部分应该是被遮盖物覆盖。名词covering“覆盖物”符合语境。故选E项。 115．考查动词。句意：塑料上的凸起部分覆盖着一层与食物腐烂速度相同的天然物质。该空需要一个动词在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，that指代单数名词substance，谓语动词应该是单三形式，凸起条上的物质和食物同速度腐烂才可以证明食物安全。动词rots“腐烂”符合题意。故选I项。 116．考查非谓语动词。句意：当这种物质从固态转变为液态时，标签就会从坚硬光滑变为柔软且凸凹不平，表明食物已经变质。后面有一个宾语从句，该空需要一个动词，是句子的状语部分，凸起条上的物质质地改变，这表明内部的食物也变质。动词indicate“表明”符合句意，应使用现在分词形式。故选C项。 117．考查名词。句意：米米卡触摸的概念是由苏莱加·帕克斯塔伊特在伦敦布鲁内尔大学读书时提出的。该空需要一个名词作宾语，Mimica Touch是一个概念，名词concept“概念”符合题意。故选H项。 118．考查名词。句意：该项目的初衷是帮助视力有问题的人查看包装食品的保质期。该空是名词problem的定语，一般食品包装上的截止日期是文字形式，有视力问题的人无法看到，因此米米卡触摸方法最初是为了有视力障碍的人研发的。vision“视力，视觉”符合语境。故选B项。 119．考查动词。句意：帕克萨泰特表示，她受到香蕉皮成熟时质地改变这一现象的启发。该空需要一个动词在as引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，主语they指代复数名词banana skins，香蕉皮成熟时质地会改变。动词ripen“成熟”符合题意。故选F项。 120．考查副词。句意：虽然米米卡触摸技术最初是大学项目，但这项发明有可能大幅减少每年大量被浪费的食物数量。该空需要一个副词修饰动词reduce，副词considerably“明显地，大幅度地”符合语境。故选D项。 Passage 13 （2026 上海领科双语学校・高一下） A．abandoned    B．alarming    C． consequently    D．decreasing    E. diverse    F. dominant G. erasing    H. multiplying    I. ranging    J. significantly    K. somehow Preserving Linguistic (语言的) Diversity in a Connected World The rapid pace of modernization has reshaped the world in ways previous generations could never have imagined. It has pushed nations into an era of great interconnectedness, where global markets and digital platforms are 121 old boundaries. This phenomenon has caused large-scale migration, with migrants moving across every continent in search of better opportunities and 122 the population structure of major cities has changed dramatically, transforming them into lively, multicultural centers where 123 communities coexist. However, this intense mixing of peoples and cultures brings with it a(n) 124 consequence: the gradual loss of linguistic diversity. Linguists predict that the number of spoken languages worldwide might halve by the end of this century. This potential extinction of native tongues is viewed by experts as a concerning trend. As 125 languages like English become essential for education and regular business communication, the use of local dialects is 126 rapidly. For many younger generations growing up in this environment, their ancestral mother tongue has become unfamiliar, 127 in favor of the practical benefits of a widely spoken language all too often. This creates a complex problem for modern society. While opportunities for international exchange continue 128 , promoting economic growth and cross-cultural understanding, local knowledge and unique cultural identities are 129 being lost in the process. This linguistic crisis affects various communities, 130 from remote villages to urban centers. Undoubtedly, we face the challenge of balancing the undeniable benefits of a connected world with the critical need to preserve our heritage (遗产). Therefore, we must adopt various strategies, such as bilingual education, to ensure that the spread of global communication does not come at the cost of our rich cultural heritage. 【答案】 121．G 122．C 123．E 124．B 125．F 126．D 127．A 128．H 129．K 130．I 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代化与全球化进程中，语言多样性面临的危机。互联世界在促进交流与发展的同时，导致主导语言扩张，而当地方言使用减少、甚至被抛弃，文化遗产面临流失风险。 【详解】121．考查动词。句意：它将各国推入一个高度互联的时代，全球市场和数字平台正在消除旧的边界。空处和are构成谓语，结合“global markets and digital platforms”和“old boundaries”可推知，G项erasing“消除，消灭”符合题意，表示“全球市场和数字平台正在消除旧的边界”。故选G。 122．考查副词。句意：这一现象导致大规模移民，移民跨越各大洲寻找更好的机会，因此主要城市的人口结构发生剧变，将其转变为充满活力的多元文化中心，多样的社区在此共存。并列连词and连接前后两个完整的句子，空处修饰后一个句子，结合“这一现象导致大规模移民”和“主要城市的人口结构发生剧变”之间为因果关系可推知，C项consequently“因此，结果”符合题意，引出后面的结果。故选C。 123．考查形容词。句意：这一现象导致大规模移民，移民跨越各大洲寻找更好的机会，因此主要城市的人口结构发生剧变，将其转变为充满活力的多元文化中心，多样的社区在此共存。空处作修饰communities的定语，结合“lively, multicultural centers”可推知，E项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意，表示“多样的社区”。故选E。 124．考查形容词。句意：然而，这种密集的人口与文化交融随之带来一个令人担忧的后果：语言多样性逐渐丧失。空处作修饰consequence的定语，结合“the gradual loss of linguistic diversity”可推知，B项alarming“令人担忧的”符合题意，表示“一个令人担忧的后果”。故选B。 125．考查形容词。句意：随着英语这样的主导性语言成为教育和日常商务交流的必备工具，当地方言的使用正在迅速减少。空处作修饰languages的定语，结合“like English”可推知，F项dominant“主导的”符合题意，表示“英语这样的主导性语言”。故选F。 126．考查动词。句意：随着英语这样的主导性语言成为教育和日常商务交流的必备工具，当地方言的使用正在迅速减少。空处和is构成谓语，结合下一句中的“their ancestral mother tongue has become unfamiliar”可推知，D项decreasing“减少”符合题意，表示“正在迅速减少”。故选D。 127．考查动词。句意：对于在这个环境中成长的许多年轻一代来说，他们的祖传母语已变得陌生，被抛弃以换取广泛使用语言的实际好处。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，结合“their ancestral mother tongue”和“in favor of the practical benefits of a widely spoken language all too often”可推知，A项abandoned“抛弃”符合题意，和逻辑主语mother tongue之间是被动关系，作状语，表示“被抛弃以换取广泛使用语言的实际好处”。故选A。 128．考查动词。句意：虽然国际交流的机会持续增加，促进了经济增长和跨文化理解，但本土知识和独特的文化身份不知怎么地在此过程中流失。空处作continue的宾语，结合“promoting economic growth and cross-cultural understanding”可推知，H项multiplying“大大增加”符合题意，表示“国际交流的机会持续增加”。故选H。 129．考查副词。句意：虽然国际交流的机会持续增加，促进了经济增长和跨文化理解，但本土知识和独特的文化身份不知怎么地在此过程中流失。空处作修饰谓语being lost的状语，结合前一句“This creates a complex problem for modern society.”可推知，K项somehow“不知怎么地”符合题意，表示“不知怎么地在此过程中流失”。故选K。 130．考查动词。句意：这场语言危机影响众多社区，范围从偏远村庄到城市中心。句子主干成分完整，空处是非谓语，结合“from remote villages to urban centers”可推知，I项ranging“（在一定范围内）变化”符合题意，构成短语range from A to B，表示“范围从偏远村庄到城市中心”。故选I。 Passage 14 （2026 上海领科双语学校・模拟） A．adoption    B．broad    C． economy    D．gender-neutral     E. organized     F. purely    G. respect    H. rewarded    I. similarly    J. spare    K. uncomfortable Learn Chinese in One Word In recent years, people have talked a lot about the word “they” in English. Many believe this is helpful because it includes both males and females. Yet, English is not the only language that has been experimenting with a(n) 131 expression. French speakers often use “iel,” a combination of “il” (he) and “elle” (she). In Chinese, there is also an interesting idea. In 2015, some internet users suggested a new written form: X也. By combining the letter “X” with parts of the Chinese characters used for “he” and “she”, this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese. In this 132 , the new symbol does not change how people speak. Instead, it formalizes something that already exists in the language. After the character was added to Unicode, the international system for digital text, it became easier to type. This helped the wider 133 of the symbol online. However, the situation in English is different. In English, some people still feel 134 with “they”. Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone”. Chinese is different. Since the spoken language already uses one sound for both genders, the new symbol is a(n) 135 visual change. This small change in writing also highlights something curious about the Chinese language on a(n) 136 scale. The language relies heavily on context to express meaning. It has no word exactly like the English article “the,” and time is often understood from the situation rather than from verb endings. Therefore, Chinese can express ideas with surprising 137 , using only a few words. For example, a long sentence such as “The relationships among the Seven Warring States were constantly changing” can be presented as “Relationship between Warring States is constant change.” English, despite its reputation for accuracy, 138 leaves much to context. Verbs in English have only three endings: “-s”, “-ing” and “-ed”. Compared with languages like Russian, where verbs have more than 60 endings, English grammar looks quite 139 . Learning a new language therefore goes beyond learning new vocabulary. It also means understanding how meaning is 140 in different languages. 【答案】 131．D 132．G 133．A 134．K 135．F 136．B 137．C 138．I 139．J 140．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中英两种语言在性别中性表达上的不同演变方式，并对比了汉语与英语在语境依赖、语法简洁度上的语言特点。 【详解】131．考查形容词。句意：然而，英语并不是唯一一种一直在尝试性别中性表达的语言。空处需填形容词作作定语，上文提到 “they”可同时指代男性和女性，具有包容性，因此此处指性别中性的表达，gender-neutral表示“性别中性的”，符合句意。故填D。 132．考查名词。句意：在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。空处需填名词作宾语，根据前文“this symbol still reads as “ta” used for both men and women in spoken Chinese”可知，这个符号读音仍为“ta”，在汉语口语中可同时指代男性和女性，说明在这方面，这个新符号并没有改变人们的说话方式。固定搭配in this respect表示“在这方面，从这一点来看”。故填G。 133．考查名词。句意：这有助于该符号在网络上更广泛地被采用。空处需填名词作宾语，根据后文“ the symbol online”及前文提到该字形被加入国际数字编码，更易输入，因此促进了它的普及和使用。adoption表示“采用，采纳”。故填A。 134．考查形容词。句意：在英语中，有些人仍然对使用单数“they”感到不舒服。空处需填形容词作表语，根据后文“Many speakers insist that “they” should only refer to more than one person instead of singular words like “someone””提到很多人认为“they”只能指复数，说明他们对此用法感到不适、别扭，uncomfortable表示“不舒服的”。故填K。 135．考查副词。句意：由于汉语口语中两种性别本就同音，这个新符号只是纯粹的视觉变化。空处需填副词修饰形容词visual，强调变化仅仅、纯粹停留在书写层面，purely表示“纯粹地”，符合句意。故填F。 136．考查形容词。句意：这一书写上的微小变化，也在更广泛的层面凸显了汉语的奇妙特点。空处需填形容词修饰名词scale，短语on a broad scale为固定搭配，表示“广泛地，大规模地”。故填B。 137．考查名词。句意：因此，汉语能用极少的词语，以惊人的简洁性表达思想。空处需填名词，根据后文“using only a few words”可知，汉语表达简洁高效，economy在此表示 “简洁、简练、节约措辞”。故填C。 138．考查副词。句意：尽管英语以精准著称，它同样在很大程度上依赖语境。空处需填副词修饰动词leaves，将英语与汉语对比，表示“同样地”也依靠上下文理解意思，similarly “同样地”符合题意。故填I。 139．考查形容词。句意：相比俄语动词有六十多种词形变化，英语语法看起来十分简洁。空处需填形容词作表语，与俄语动词的复杂变化对比，英语语法更简单、简洁，spare在此表示 “简朴的”。故填 J。 140．考查动词被动语态。句意：这也意味着要理解不同语言中意义是如何被组织表达的。空处需填过去分词，与be动词构成被动语态，此处表示意义在语言中被“梳理、组织、构建”，用过去分词organized。故填E。 Passage 15 （2026 上海青浦高级中学・高一） A．distraction  B．separated  C． product  D．partly  E. entertainment F. forced  G. involved  H. failure  I. electronic  J. prohibited  K. barely Turning off TV: A Quiet Hour I would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in the United States be 141 by law. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the 142 of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems — everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness — are caused at least in part by 143 to communicate. we do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better. On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, 144 to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset, or they might take a walk together and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes. With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more 145   in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can 146 write an English sentence, even at the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a 147   of the quiet hour. At first glance, the idea of an hour without TV seems radical. What will parents do without the 148 baby-sitter? How will we spend the time? But it is not radical at all. It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can remember childhoods without television, spent 149 with radio — which at least 150 the listener’s imagination — but also with reading, learning, talking, playing games, inventing new activities. It wasn’t that difficult. Honestly. The truth is we enjoyed ourselves greatly. 【答案】 141．J 142．A 143．H 144．F 145．E 146．K 147．C 148．I 149．D 150．G 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者提议美国每晚法律禁止电视广播一小时左右，认为这能促进家人交流、培养阅读习惯，提升人们素养，且无电视的生活其实也能很快乐。 141．考查动词。句意：我想提议，每天晚上在晚间新闻结束后，美国所有的电视节目都应依法被禁止播出，持续六十到九十分钟。分析句子可知，空前为be动词，空后为by law，此处为动词过去分词，构成被动语态结构，prohibited“禁止”为动词，符合语境。故选J项。 142．考查名词。句意：没有电视的干扰，他们或许在晚餐后围坐在一起，真正地交流彼此的想法。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处为名词形式，distraction“分心；干扰”为名词，符合语境。故选A项。 143．考查名词。句意：众所周知，我们的许多问题——事实上，从代沟到高离婚率再到某些精神疾病——至少在一定程度上都是由于沟通不畅造成的。分析句子可知，空前为介词by，此处为名词形式，failure“失败”，构成固定短语failure to do sth.，意为“未能做某事”，符合语境。故选H项。 144．考查动词。句意：摆脱电视的束缚，被迫寻找自己的活动，他们或许可以一起乘车去看日落，或者他们可以一起散步，以全新的视角来审视这个周边环境。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be forced to do sth.表示“被迫做某事”，符合语境。故选F项。 145．考查名词。句意：一本好书所提供的娱乐价值远胜于一个月的常规电视节目内容。分析句子可知，空前为形容词more，此处为名词作主语成分，entertainment“娱乐”为名词，符合语境。故选E项。 146．考查副词。句意：教育工作者报告称，伴随着电视长大的这一代人几乎连一个简单的英语句子都写不出来，即便是在大学阶段也是如此。分析句子可知，此处为副词修饰动词write，barely“几乎不”为副词，符合语境。故选K项。 147．考查名词。句意：一个更加有文化素养的新一代或许就是这种安静时光的产物。分析句子可知，空前为冠词a，此处为名词形式，product“产物”为名词，符合语境。故选C项。 148．考查形容词。句意：没有了这个电子保姆，家长们该怎么办？分析句子可知，空后baby-sitter为名词短语，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，electronic“电子的”为形容词，符合语境。故选I项。 149．考查副词。句意：我们这些35岁及以上的人还记得没有电视的童年时光，那时一部分时间是靠收音机度过的——尽管这至少也调动了听众的想象力，但还有阅读、学习、交谈、玩游戏、创造新活动等等。分析句子可知，此处为副词修饰动词spent，partly“部分地”为副词，符合语境。故选D项。 150．考查动词。句意：我们这些35岁及以上的人还记得没有电视的童年时光，那时一部分时间是靠收音机度过的——尽管这至少也调动了听众的想象力，但还有阅读、学习、交谈、玩游戏、创造新活动等等。分析句子可知，此处为动词作定语从句的谓语成分，involved“调动、牵涉”为动词，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 1 （2026 上海市松江区） A．landing    B．accounted    C． rest    D．experience    E. regular    F. increased    G. shortly    H. depending    I. varieties    J. strictly    K. tense Tourism in Antarctica (南极洲) Antarctica has become one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations (旅游胜地). Since 1969, the average number of visitors to the continent has 1 from several hundred to over 34,000 today. All activities in Antarctica are 2 controlled for environmental protection purposes. As we all know, the first expedition to Antarctica with travelers was in 1966. The modern expedition cruise industry (邮轮探险业) was born 3 after, in 1969. In 1977, both Australia and New Zealand started to offer scenic flights to Antarctica. The flights often flew to the continent without 4 and returned to the airport where they took off. The 5 was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours flying directly over the continent. Despite the possible dangers and risks, tourism to Antarctica continued to grow. 34,354 people visited the continent between 2012 and 2013. Americans 6 for 31.1% , followed by Germans (11.1%), Australians (10.7%), and the British (10.2%). The 7 of the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France, and elsewhere. The main destination is the Antarctic peninsula region. Certain private expeditions may include visits to inland sites, such as the geographic south pole. A(n) 8 expedition can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks, and 9 of visits are provided to scientific stations and wildlife site, hiking, mountaineering, camping, etc. A trip to Antarctica can range anywhere from as little as $3,000 — $4,000 to over $40,000, 10 on transportation, housing, and activity needs. The higher-end packages typically involve air transport, on-site camping, and a visit to the south pole. 【答案】 1．F 2．J 3．G 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．E 9．I 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。南极洲旅游业日益火爆，游客数量大幅增长，活动受严格管控。其旅游形式多样，客源广泛，费用差异大，主要目的地为南极半岛区域。 1．考查动词。句意：自1969年以来，该大陆的平均游客数量已从几百人增加到了如今的超过34000人。根据“from several hundred to over 34,000 today”以及句意可知应填动词increase“增加”，结合has可知为现在完成时。故选F。 2．考查副词。句意：在南极洲的所有活动都严格按照相关程序进行，以保护环境为目的。根据“controlled for environmental protection purposes”以及句意可知应填副词strictly“严格”，修饰动词control。故选J。 3．考查副词。句意：现代的探险游轮行业是在不久之后——即在1969年诞生的。根据“The modern expedition cruise industry was born”以及句意可知应填副词shortly“不久”，shortly after为固定短语，意思为“不久之后”。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：这些航班通常会飞往该大陆，中途不降落，然后又返回起飞时所在的机场。根据“and returned to the airport where they took off”以及句意可知应填动名词landing“降落”，作介词without的宾语。故选A。 5．考查名词。句意：这次经历平均持续12至14个小时，其中约有4个小时是直接在大陆上空飞行的。根据“was an average 12 to 14 hours with up to 4 hours flying directly over the continent”以及句意可知应填名词experience“经历”，作主语。故选D。 6．考查动词。句意：美国人占31.1%，其次是德国人（11.1%）、澳大利亚人（10.7%）以及英国人（10.2%）。根据“for 31.1%, followed by Germans (11.1%), Australians (10.7%), and the British (10.2%)”以及句意可知应填动词account，account for意思为“占比”，固定短语，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选B。 7．考查名词。句意：其余的游客来自中国、加拿大、瑞士、法国以及其他国家和地区。根据“the visitors were from China, Canada, Switzerland, France, and elsewhere”以及句意可知应填名词rest“其余”，构成the rest of。故选C。 8．考查形容词。句意：一次常规的探险活动时长可能从几天到数周不等，还会提供前往科学考察站和野生动物栖息地的多种活动，包括徒步旅行、登山、露营等。根据“can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks”以及句意可知应填形容词regular“常规的”，修饰名词expedition作定语。故选E。 9．考查名词。句意：一次常规的探险活动时长可能从几天到数周不等，还会提供前往科学考察站和野生动物栖息地的多种活动，包括徒步旅行、登山、露营等。根据“scientific stations and wildlife site, hiking, mountaineering, camping, etc”以及句意可知应填名词varieties“多种”，构成varieties of“各种各样的”。故选I。 10．考查动词。句意：去南极洲旅行的费用大概在3000到4000美元之间，而如果考虑到交通、住宿以及活动需求的话，费用可能会超过40000美元。根据“on transportation, housing, and activity needs”以及句意可知应填动词depend，depend on“取决于”为固定短语，现在分词作状语。故选H。 Passage 2 （2026 上海市青浦区青浦高级中学） A．strategically  B．employed  C． combination  D．flood  E. inherited  F. scene G. handed  H. inspired  I. randomly  J. center  K. insignificant Stourhead is widely regarded to be one of the finest landscape gardens in the world and is a feast for the eyes whatever the season! As you walk through the scenery, it’s as if you’ve stepped straight into an Italianate style painting or even a 11 from Pride and Prejudice, which was indeed filmed here! The story of the garden begins with Henry Hoare II (1705–1785), who 12 the estate upon his father’s death. Henry Hoare was a keen art collection, and much of his collection of art and sculpture can be viewed today at Stourhead House. It was his passion for art and a visit to Italy that 13 him to start constructing what has become one of the greatest landscape gardens in the world. The area where Henry Hoare decided to construct his garden was in a quiet valley to the west of Stourhead House with River Stour running through it. He built a dam to 14 the two existing fish-ponds and created the large artificial lake that we can see today. The lake became the 15 of his garden around which many buildings were built. This building project took a couple of decades to reach fruition from its concept. Henry Flitcroft was a famous 18th-century architect, who was 16 by Hoare to work on his project at Stourhead. He designed many of the buildings sited 17 around the lake, creating the perfect 18 of nature and classical architecture. Henry Hoare 19 Stourhead over to his grandson, Richard Colt Hoare, in 1783. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Gothic Revival movement became popular in Britain and Richard decided to make a change to an existing cottage by the lake. He added the Gothic decoration, the external stone seat and a porch (门廊), transforming a somewhat 20 cottage into an important garden feature. In 1946, Stourhead was given to the National Trust in Britain. 【答案】 11．F 12．E 13．H 14．D 15．J 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．G 20．K 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界著名景观园林斯托海德花园的建造历史、设计理念及演变过程，从亨利·霍尔二世受艺术启发而建造，到其孙子引入哥特式复兴风格，最终捐赠给国家信托基金会。 11．考查名词。句意：当你漫步其中，仿佛直接步入了一幅意大利风格的画作，甚至是《傲慢与偏见》中的一个场景，这部电影确实曾在此取景! 根据“from Pride and Prejudice”可知，此处将游览体验比作进入画作或电影中的某个片段。F项“scene”意为“场景，镜头”，特指电影、戏剧中的一幕，符合语境。故选项F。 12．考查动词。句意：花园的故事始于亨利·霍尔二世(1705–1785)，他在父亲去世后继承了这处庄园。根据“the estate upon his father’s death”可知，亨利在父亲去世后获得了庄园的所有权。E项“inherited”意为“继承”，作谓语，符合语境。故选项E。 13．考查动词。句意：正是他对艺术的热爱以及一次意大利之旅，激励他开始建造这座后来成为世界上最伟大的景观园林之一的花园。根据“It was his passion for art and a visit to Italy”和“to start constructing”可推知，是“热爱”和“旅程”促使他开始了这项工程。H项“inspired”意为“激励，鼓舞”，作谓语，常用“inspire sb. to do sth.”结构，符合语境。故选项H。 14．考查动词。句意：他修建了一座水坝，将两个已有的鱼塘的水汇聚起来，形成了我们今天能看到的大型人工湖。根据“He built a dam”和“created the large artificial lake”可推知，修建水坝后，水汇聚起来，淹没了两个已有的鱼塘，形成一个大型人工湖，D项“flood”引申为“用水淹没/填满(以扩大)”，符合语境，用原形式构成不定式短语。故选项D。 15．考查名词。句意：这个湖泊成为他花园的中心，周围建造了许多建筑。根据“around which many buildings were built.”可知，湖泊是整个花园布局的核心。J项“center”意为“中心”，符合“以湖为中心进行布局”的描述。故选项J。 16．考查动词。句意：亨利·弗利特克罗夫特是18世纪著名的建筑师，他被霍尔聘请来负责他在斯托海德的项目。根据“Henry Flitcroft was a famous 18th-century architect”和“by Hoare to work on his project at Stourhead”可知，弗利特克罗夫特是受雇于霍尔来参与设计的。B项“employed”意为“雇佣”，作谓语，构成一般过去时的被动语态，符合语境。故选项B。 17．考查副词。句意：他设计了许多建筑，这些建筑被巧妙地布置在湖泊周围，创造了自然与古典建筑的完美结合。根据“He designed many of the buildings sited __7__ around the lake”可推知，这些建筑并非随意摆放，而是经过精心布局。A项“strategically”意为“战略性地；巧妙地”，副词作方式状语，强调布局有策略、有设计感，符合景观设计的语境。故选项A。 18．考查名词。句意：他设计了许多建筑，这些建筑被巧妙地布置在湖泊周围，创造了自然与古典建筑的完美结合。根据“ of nature and classical architecture”可知，设计达到了自然与人工建筑的和谐统一。C项“combination”意为“结合，组合”，是常用搭配，符合语境。故选项C。 19．考查动词。句意：1783年，亨利·霍尔将斯托海德移交给了他的孙子理查德·科尔特·霍尔。根据“over to his grandson”可知，此处表示财产的传递。G项“handed”意为“传递，交给”，固定短语“hand over”意为“移交，交出”，符合财产传承的语境。故选项G。 20．考查形容词。句意：他增加了哥特式装饰、外部石椅和一个门廊，将一个原本相当不起眼的小屋变成了一个重要的花园景点。根据“transforming”和“into an important garden feature”可推知，改造前的小屋是普通、不引人注目的。K项“insignificant”意为“不重要的，微不足道的”，与改造后的“important garden feature”形成鲜明对比，符合语境。故选项K。 Passage 3 （2026 上海市嘉定区第一中学） A．imaged  B．lengthened  C． equivalent  D．treated E. indicator  F. mechanism  G. effectiveness  H. remarkably I. postpone  J. ultimately  K. exceed Low-cost diabetes drug slows ageing in male monkeys and is particularly effective at delaying the effects of ageing on the brain, finds a small study that tracked the animals for more than three years. The results raise the possibility that the widely used medication, metformin (二甲双胍), could one day be used to 21 ageing in humans. Metformin has been used for more than 60 years to lower blood-sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes—and is the second most-prescribed medication in the United States. The drug has long been known to have effects beyond treating diabetes, leading researchers to study it against conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and ageing. Data from worms, rodents, flies and people who have taken the drug for diabetes suggest the drug might have anti-ageing effects. But its 22 against ageing had not been tested directly in primates, and it is unclear whether its potential anti-ageing effects are achieved by lowering blood sugar or through a separate 23 . This led Guanghui Liu, a biologist who studies ageing at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and his colleagues to test the drug on 12 elderly male cynomolgus macaques (食蟹猴); another 16 elderly monkeys and 18 young or middle-aged animals served as a control group. Every day, 24 monkeys received the standard dose of metformin that is used to control diabetes in humans. The animals took the drug for 40 months, 25 to about 13 years for humans. Over the course of the study, Liu and his colleagues took samples from 79 types of the monkeys’ tissues and organs, 26 the animals’ brains and performed routine physical examinations. By analyzing the cellular activity in the samples, the researchers were able to create a computational model to determine the tissues’ “biological age”, which can lag behind or 27 the animals’ age in years since birth. The researchers observed that the drug slowed the biological ageing of many tissues, including from the lung, kidney, liver, skin and the brain’s frontal lobe. They also found that it suppressed chronic inflammation, a key 28 of ageing. The study was not intended to see whether the drug extended the animals’ lifespans; previous research has not established an impact on lifespan but has shown 29 health span— the number of years an organism lives in good health. This means that metformin can“ 30 rewind organ age” in monkeys, Liu says. The authors also identified a potential pathway by which the drug protects the brain; it activates a protein called NRF 2, which safeguards against cellular damage triggered by injury and inflammation. 【答案】 21．I 22．G 23．F 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．K 28．E 29．B 30．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，二甲双胍可延缓雄性猴子衰老，对延缓大脑衰老尤其有效。该药物抗衰老的有效性在灵长类动物身上得到验证，还能延长健康寿命。 21．考查动词。句意：研究结果提出一种可能性：这种应用广泛的药物 —— 二甲双胍，或许有朝一日能用于延缓人类衰老。分析句子可知，be used to do sth. 后接动词原形，postpone 表示“延缓、推迟”为动词，符合语境。故选I项。 22．考查名词。句意：但它抗衰老的有效性还没有在灵长类动物身上直接测试过，也不清楚它的潜在抗衰老效果是通过降低血糖还是通过另一种机制实现的。分析句子可知，前文提到二甲双胍在低等生物和人类糖尿病患者身上显示出抗衰老潜力，本句转折指出其抗衰老的有效性尚未在灵长类动物身上直接验证。its后接名词，effectiveness 表示“有效性”为名词，契合句意。故选G项。 23．考查名词。句意：但它抗衰老的有效性还没有在灵长类动物身上直接测试过，也不清楚它的潜在抗衰老效果是通过降低血糖还是通过另一种机制实现的。分析句子可知，separate 后接名词，mechanism表示“机制、机理”为名词，符合科研语境的逻辑。故选F项。 24．考查过去分词。句意：每天，接受治疗的猴子接受标准剂量的二甲双胍，这种药物用于控制人类糖尿病。分析句子可知，空后monkeys为名词，此处作定语修饰该名词，treated为过去分词作定语，修饰monkeys，表示“被给药处理的”，符合语境。故选D项。 25．考查固定短语。句意：这些动物服用了40个月的药物，相当于人类服用了大约13年。分析句子可知，此处equivalent to是固定搭配，表示“等同于”，符合动物实验与人类年龄换算的语境。故选C项。 26．考查动词。句意：在研究过程中，刘和他的同事们从79种猴子的组织和器官中采集了样本，对动物的大脑进行了成像，并进行了常规的身体检查。分析句子可知，本句列举研究人员的操作：采集组织样本、为猴子大脑成像、进行常规体检。设空处与 took、performed 并列，用过去式表示过去的动作，imaged表示“为……成像”为动词，符合语境。故选A项。 27．考查动词。句意：通过分析样本中的细胞活动，研究人员能够创建一个计算模型来确定组织的“生物年龄”，这可能落后于或超过动物出生后的年龄。分析句子可知，生物年龄可能落后于或超过实际年龄，exceed 表示“超过”为动词，与 lag behind 形成对比，符合句意。故选K项。 28．考查名词。句意：他们还发现它能抑制慢性炎症，这是衰老的一个关键指标。分析句子可知，空前为a key，此处为名词形式，结合句意可知，慢性炎症是衰老的关键指标，indicator表示“指标、标志”为名词，符合科研表述逻辑。故选E项。 29．考查过去分词。句意：先前的研究还没有确定对寿命的影响，但已经显示了健康寿命的延长——一个有机体在健康状态下生活的年限。分析句子可知，前文提到研究不关注寿命延长，而是指出药物能延长健康寿命，过去分词lengthened 表示“被延长的”，与 health span 搭配合理。故选B项。 30．考查副词。句意：刘说，这意味着二甲双胍可以“显著地延缓猴子的器官衰老”。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词rewind，remarkably为副词，修饰动词rewind，表示 “显著地、引人注目地”，符合语境。故选H项。 Passage 4 （2026 上海市闵行交大实验学校交大附中） A．notably  B．substances  C． stimulates  D．translated   E. systematic  F. documented G. leading  H. properties      I. barrier   J. incorporating    K. ideally Dandelion May Have Distinct Health Benefits The common yellow weed has leaves rich in vitamins and may boost health in other ways, but it’s understudied in comparison to other nutraceuticals (营养保健品). The first known 31 use of dandelion benefits occurred in China around 657 C．E. during the Tang Dynasty, when it was noted as an effective treatment for breast swelling and pain. In the coming centuries, it was used to detoxify sores. A 2021 literature review in the Bulletin of the National Research Centre examined 54 studies that tested the benefits of dandelion and found that it has many protective 32 , including as a diuretic, immune booster, anti-inflammatory treatment, and even potential diabetic aid. 33 , most studies with dandelion have been conducted in test tubes or with mice. Without more 34 studies, medical practitioners will likely hesitate to integrate it into their work. “What health care providers want to see is clinical evidence, at least double-blind, randomized control studies. 35 , they’d like to see a meta-analysis or two,” says Jean Bokelmann, a medical doctor and the author of Medicinal Herbs in Primary Care: An Evidence-Guided Reference for Healthcare Providers. In her book, Bokelmann examined 55 herbs. Of those, dandelion had been the least studied, which she says poses a considerable 36 to its adoption in clinical practice. Dandelion or 37 extracted from it can be used at home, although consumers should be aware that all of them are loosely regulated by the FDA．Bokelmann recommends discussing dandelion usage with a medical care provider—just as a patient would do with any other nutraceutical —to see if it is right for them. Dandelion, for example, 38 the secretion (分泌) of bile from the liver, so she says it might not be right for people with liver conditions. For people who want to try 39 fresh dandelion into their diet, young plants from the yard will suffice. Bokelmann grabs a few early in the season and adds them to salads because they are high in vitamins C and K. When grabbing dandelion from the ground, she recommends digging up the roots. Bokelmann doesn’t think attitudes toward dandelion will change in the near future. Private industry is often responsible for 40 the charge for new remedies. “What private industry will want to study dandelions when everyone has them in their yards?” she asks. 【答案】 31．F 32．H 33．A 34．E 35．K 36．I 37．B 38．C 39．J 40．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蒲公英作为营养保健品的潜在健康益处，如富含维生素、具有多种保护特性。然而，由于缺乏临床研究证据，其在医学实践中的应用面临挑战。专家建议在使用前咨询医疗专业人士，并强调需更多系统性研究来支持其临床应用。 31．考查形容词。句意：据记载，蒲公英的首次药用是在公元 657 年左右的中国唐朝，当时人们发现它能有效治疗乳房肿胀和疼痛。设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词use，根据后文提到的“when it was noted as an effective treatment(当它被认定为一种有效的治疗方法时)”可知，此处强调蒲公英的药用价值被记录在案，documented意为“被记录的”符合语境。故选F。 32．考查名词。句意：2021 年《国家研究中心公报》的一项文献综述审查了 54 项测试蒲公英益处的研究，发现它具有许多保护性特性，包括利尿剂、免疫增强剂、抗炎治疗，甚至潜在的糖尿病辅助作用。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据后文列举的“diuretic, immune booster, anti-inflammatory treatment, and potential diabetic aid (利尿剂、免疫增强剂、抗炎治疗和潜在的糖尿病辅助作用)”可知，这些都是蒲公英的特性，此处表示复数意义，故properties意为“特性”符合语境。故选H。 33．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，大多数关于蒲公英的研究都是在试管或小鼠身上进行的。设空处使用副词作状语修饰整个句子，根据后文“most studies with dandelion have been conducted in test tubes or with mice (大多数关于蒲公英的研究都是在试管或小鼠身上进行的)”可知，这是一个需要强调的点，notably意为“值得注意地”符合语境。故选A。 34．考查形容词。句意：如果没有更系统的研究，医疗从业者可能会犹豫是否将其纳入他们的工作中。设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词studies，根据后文“medical practitioners will likely hesitate to integrate it into their work (医疗从业者可能会犹豫是否将其纳入他们的工作中)”可知，此处强调研究的系统性不足，systematic意为“系统的”符合语境。故选E。 35．考查副词。句意：理想情况下，他们希望看到一两项荟萃分析。设空处使用副词作状语修饰整个句子，根据前文“What health care providers want to see is clinical evidence, at least double-blind, randomized control studies. (医疗从业者希望看到的是临床证据，至少是双盲随机对照研究)”和后文“they’d like to see a meta-analysis or two (他们希望看到一两项荟萃分析)”可知，此处表示一种理想的情况，ideally意为“理想地”符合语境。故选K。 36．考查名词。句意：在她研究的 55 种草药中，蒲公英的研究最少，她说这对蒲公英在临床实践中的应用构成了相当大的障碍。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据前文“dandelion had been the least studied(蒲公英的研究最少)”和后文“to its adoption in clinical practice (对蒲公英在临床实践中的应用)”可知，研究不足会成为应用的障碍，barrier意为“障碍”符合语境。故选I。 37．考查名词。句意：蒲公英或从中提取的物质可以在家中使用，尽管消费者应该意识到，所有这些物质都受到美国食品药品监督管理局的宽松监管。设空处使用名词作主语，根据后文“extracted from it(从中提取的)”和“are loosely regulated by the FDA(受到美国食品药品监督管理局的宽松监管)”可知，此处指的是从蒲公英中提取的物质，此处表示复数意义，substances，意为“物质”，符合语境。故选B。 38．考查动词。句意：例如，蒲公英刺激肝脏分泌胆汁，所以她说这可能不适合肝脏有问题的人。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据后文“the secretion of bile from the liver (肝脏分泌胆汁)”可知，蒲公英会刺激肝脏分泌胆汁，句子表述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Dandelion为第三人称单数，谓语动词用stimulates，意为“刺激”，符合语境。故选C。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于想尝试将新鲜蒲公英纳入饮食的人来说，院子里的幼苗就足够了。设空处使用动名词作宾语，根据后文“fresh dandelion into their diet(新鲜蒲公英纳入饮食)”可知，此处表示“将蒲公英纳入饮食”，incorporating，意为“纳入”符合语境。故选J。 40．考查动词。句意：私营企业通常负责引领新疗法的研发。设空处使用动名词作宾语，根据后文“the charge for new remedies (新疗法的研发)”可知，私营企业会引领新疗法的研发，leading意为“引领”，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 5 （2026 上海市静安区风华中学） A．produce    B．appealing    C． draw    D．accessed    E. constantly    F. approach    G. floating    H. initiated    I. community    J. densely    K. shaded It is space utilization that will harvest a new crop of ideas about urban living. In the concrete jungle, a patch of rich greenery seems almost contradictory. Yet, residents in a youth apartment building in downtown Shenzhen, South China’s Guangdong province, have planted the seeds from which a new 41 to city living is growing, cultivating a unique lifestyle. The residents in the youth apartment building can farm their own land, which can be 42 just an elevator ride away to the top of their building. There they can grow vegetables, while socializing with other residents and taking in the skyline of the city.The rooftop garden covers an area of 450 square meters and consists of a sightseeing zone, 43 leisure area, and urban farming section. To plant on the rooftop, tenants need to pay an annual fee of 300 yuan ($44) per square meter. Open-air performances are held on weekends to 44 in residents from the neighborhood, and events such as vegetable planting and pest prevention tips are provided by experts. The rooftop farm has brought positive changes. Young residents nurtured green beans, cucumbers, chilis, and eggplants etc. and are happy to share their farm 45 . It’s very nice for them to get a change of scenery occasionally by caring for their own plants and chilling out on the rooftop. The rooftop garden is part of 10 community gardens 46 by the urban management department with Nanshan district. The other gardens are mostly on the ground close to the streets. The rooftop garden is the only “ 47 green land” in the district and has turned out to be a success, bringing young people together and enhancing their sense of 48 . Visitors only need to register at the reception on the first floor to get access during the daytime. The rooftop garden model has great potential in 49 populated city areas. It can be an 50 site for walks and other activities, and a place to develop a community. With the popularity of it, an increasing number of urban residents at home and abroad have started to seek a social life that promotes environmental protection and personal health, which is good news for sustainability and community activity development. 【答案】 41．F 42．D 43．K 44．C 45．A 46．H 47．G 48．I 49．J 50．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：深圳青年公寓楼顶农场作为一种新型城市生活方式，正在促进社区互动与可持续发展。 41．考查名词。句意：然而，在中国南部广东省深圳市市中心的一栋青年公寓里，居民们播下了城市生活新方式的种子，培育出一种独特的生活方式。根据空前“a new”和空后“to city living”可知，空处应填名词单数，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指一种新的城市生活方式，approach“方式，方法”符合语境。故选F。 42．考查动词。句意：青年公寓的居民可以耕种自己的土地，只需乘坐电梯到楼顶就可以到达。根据空前“which can be”和空后“just an elevator ride away to the top of their building”可知，空处应填动词的过去分词形式，与can be构成被动语态，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指可以到达，access“到达，进入”符合语境，此处用其过去分词形式。故选D。 43．考查形容词。句意：屋顶花园占地450平方米，包括观光区、遮荫休闲区和城市农业区。根据空前“a sightseeing zone”和空后“leisure area”可知，空处应填形容词，修饰名词leisure area，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指遮荫休闲区，shaded“遮荫的”符合语境。故选K。 44．考查动词。句意：周末会举行露天表演来吸引附近的居民，专家们还会提供蔬菜种植和病虫害防治等方面的建议。根据空前“Open-air performances are held on weekends to”和空后“in residents from the neighborhood”可知，空处应填动词原形，与to构成不定式作目的状语，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指吸引附近的居民，draw in“吸引”符合语境。故选C。 45．考查名词。句意：年轻的居民们种植了绿豆、黄瓜、辣椒和茄子等，并乐于分享他们的农产品。根据空前“share their farm”可知，空处应填名词，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指分享他们的农产品，produce“农产品”符合语境，为不可数名词。故选A。 46．考查动词。句意：屋顶花园是南山区城市管理部门发起的10个社区花园之一。句中已有谓语动词is，空处应填非谓语动词作定语修饰community gardens，根据空后的“by the urban management department”可知，空处应填动词的过去分词形式，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指被发起的10个社区花园之一，initiate“发起”符合语境，此处用其过去分词形式。故选H。 47．考查形容词。句意：屋顶花园是该地区唯一的“漂浮绿地”，并取得了成功，将年轻人聚集在一起，增强了他们的社区意识。根据空前“the only”和空后“green land”可知，空处应填形容词，修饰名词green land，结合句意及备选词可知，因花园位于屋顶，此处指漂浮绿地，floating“漂浮的”符合语境。故选G。 48．考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前“their sense of”可知，空处应填名词，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指增强了他们的社区意识，community“社区”符合语境，与前文“bringing young people together”呼应。故选I。 49．考查副词。句意：屋顶花园模式在人口稠密的城市地区具有巨大的潜力。根据空后“populated city areas”可知，空处应填副词，修饰形容词populated，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指人口稠密的城市地区，densely“密集地，稠密地”符合语境。故选J。 50．考查形容词。句意：它可以成为一个吸引人的散步和其他活动的场所，也是一个发展社区的地方。根据空前“an”和空后“site for walks and other activities”可知，空处应填形容词，修饰名词site，结合句意及备选词可知，此处指吸引人的散步和其他活动的场所，appealing“吸引人的”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 6 （2026 上海市风华中学） A．presented   B．highlighted   C． fair   D．treatments   E. conducted F. concerns G. pride H. originates I. collective J. creative K. doubts Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5. While the news has stirred (激发)China’s national 51 , it has also 52 differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world. Tu, a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary 53 for parasitic(寄生虫的)diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their anti-roundworm treatment, while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria. Tu 54 research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has considerably cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on a herb used in Chinese traditional medicine, called sweet wormwood. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria. When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize, there were cheers as well as 55 . Some said the achievement was the result of 56 efforts by lots of Chinese scientists, so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu, China Youth Daily reported. Indeed, domestic science awards are primarily 57 to projects, instead of individual scientists, the newspaper pointed out. But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method, said Li Zhenzhen, a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the advancement of science 58 from individuals’ creative mind,” said Li. Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team, the first to extract a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit malaria, and the first to complete a clinical trial (临床试验), according to Zhang Boli, director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. “Awarding prizes to scientists with 59 ideas is the source of national innovation,” Li suggested. “The key is to create 60 rules to find the most convincing candidate.” 【答案】 51．G 52．B 53．E 54．D 55．K 56．I 57．A 58．H 59．J 60．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述了84岁的中国科学家屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民这一事件，引发了中国的民族自豪感，同时也凸显了中西方在奖项授予实践上的差异。 51．考查名词。句意：这一消息在激发中国民族自豪感的同时，也凸显了中国与世界在奖项授予实践方面的差异。根据上文“Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct 5.”可知，此处指这一消息激发了中国的民族自豪感，根据句意“自豪感”可知，此处为名词pride，作宾语，为不可数名词。故选G。 52．考查动词。句意：这一消息在激发中国民族自豪感的同时，也凸显了中国与世界在奖项授予实践方面的差异。根据下文“differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world”可知，此处指凸显了中国和世界在颁奖实践上的差异，根据句意“凸显”可知，此处为动词highlight，结合“has”可知，空处需填过去分词highlighted构成现在完成时。故选B。 53．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦是中国中医科学院的研究员，因开创了针对寄生虫病的革命性治疗方法，与爱尔兰出生的威廉・坎贝尔和日本的大村智共同获得2015年诺贝尔医学奖。根据下文“for parasitic diseases”可知，此处指针对寄生虫病的治疗方法，根据句意“治疗方法”可知，此处为名词treatment，作宾语。故选E。 54．考查动词。句意：屠呦呦在20世纪70年代开展的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，这种药物大幅降低了疟疾死亡人数，挽救了数百万人的生命。根据下文“that led to the discovery of artemisinin (青蒿素)”可知，此处指屠呦呦在20世纪70年代进行了研究，根据句意“开展，进行”可知，此处为动词conduct，根据时间状语“in the 1970s”可知，使用一般过去时。故选D。 55．考查名词。句意：当屠呦呦获奖的消息传出时，人们欢呼雀跃，同时也存在一些质疑。根据下文“Some said...so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu”可知，有人认为只给屠呦呦颁奖不公平，所以存在质疑，根据句意“质疑”可知，此处为名词doubt，作主语，和cheers并列，需填名词复数形式。故选K。 56．考查形容词。句意：据《中国青年报》报道，有人说这一成就是许多中国科学家集体努力的结果，因此只授予屠呦呦一个人是不公平的。根据下文“efforts by lots of Chinese scientists”可知，此处指集体努力的结果，根据句意“集体的”可知，此处为形容词collective，作定语，修饰名词efforts。故选I。 57．考查动词。句意：该报指出，事实上，国内科学奖项主要授予项目，而非个别科学家。根据下文“to projects, instead of individual scientists”可知，此处指国内科学奖项主要是颁发给项目的，根据句意“颁发，授予”可知，此处为动词present，domestic science awards和present为被动关系，需用被动语态，空处需填过去分词。故选A。 58．考查动词。句意：西方认为科学的进步源于个人的创造性思维。根据下文“from individuals’ creative mind”可知，此处指科学的进步源于个人的创造性思维，根据句意“源于”可知，此处为动词originate，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为the advancement of science，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选H。 59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：李真真建议：“向拥有创新理念的科学家颁奖是国家创新的源泉。”根据上文“The West believes that the advancement of science 　　8　　 from individuals’ creative mind”可知，此处指奖励有创意想法的科学家，根据句意“有创造力的”可知，此处为形容词creative，作定语，修饰名词ideas。故选J。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关键是要制定公平的规则，以找到最有说服力的候选人。根据下文“rules to find the most convincing candidate”可知，此处指制定公平的规则，根据句意“公平的”可知，此处为形容词fair，作定语修饰名词rules。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $