Unit 8 SectionA Grammar focus 课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时“未完成用法”，围绕for/since的功能、延续性与非延续性动词转换及have/has been to/gone to辨析展开。通过“志愿者经历”对话导入，从例句呈现到用法归纳，搭建从语境感知到规则梳理的学习支架，衔接已学的现在完成时基本用法。 其亮点在于以“志愿者经历”为主线实现情境化迁移，结合点时间/段时间分类表、动词转换表培养思维品质，分层作业（基础填空、进阶造句、拓展写作）提升学习能力。如正误判断练习辨析动词类型，小组采访活动促进语言运用，助力学生将语法知识转化为真实交流能力，也为教师提供系统教学资源与活动设计。

Grammar Focus UNIT 8 www.21cnjy.com 21世纪教育网，让备课更有效 让教学更有效 01 02 03 04 能够梳理和归纳包含for 和since的现在完成时的功能和意义，并在语境中准确理解和使用； 运用 for 和 since 完成课本4a-4d的填空与句子改写练习；正确选择并使用 for 或 since 来描述动作或状态的持续时间；运用现在完成时和 for/since 结构，就“志愿者经历”进行问答和描述。 。 能够将所学语法知识迁移至多元真实生活场景中，结合自身经历与话题情境创造性地运用目标语法进行交流与表达，能自主设计并完成相关语言任务，提升语言综合运用与跨情境迁移的能力。 通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。 Learning objectives 、 Warming-up Let’s watch a video. 、 She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August.她从去年八月起就在一家养老院当志愿者了。 He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started.自从他的暑假开始，他就一直在这儿做志愿者。 I have been a volunteer here for a few months.我已经在这里当志愿者几个月了。 How long have you been a volunteer? 、 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven't. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? 4a for+时间段 since+过去时间点 since+过去时的从句 、 用 法 Present Perfect Tense 1. 表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响。 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 Fu Xing has finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. I've already read Around the World in Eighty Days twice. 2. 表示一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。 现在造成的影响或结果 Revision 、 3. 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且可能持续到将来。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。 1）现在完成时+for+一段时间 例：我好久没有见到她了。 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 标志词：常与for或since引导的时间状语(从句)连用。 未完成的句式 、 2）现在完成时+since+表示过去的时间点 例：自1984年以来，史密斯先生就在这里工作。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 3）现在完成时+since+从句 例：自上大学以来他学了大约5000个英语单词。 He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college. since + 过去时间点 “自从…”，用来说明动作的开始时间； for + 时间段 “持续了…” ，用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 、 、 • 点时间指的是具体的 时间，比如1点、4月 7日、2018年5月； • 段时间指的是一段时 间内，比如说一点到 三点，中间这两个小 时就是一段时间。 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 点时间 点时间 段时间 点时间 段时间 段时间 如何区分点时间和段时间呢？ 、 1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month. 3. Tom has worked in the factory _______ he left school ten years ago. 4. My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. 5. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _______2 years. 6. Tom has worn glasses _________ two years ago. for since for since since since 用since或for填空。 Practice 、 -- How long have you studied at NO.1 Middle School? since I was 12. since 2024. -- I have studied at this school since 2 years ago. for 2 years. since I finished my primary school. 2024 2 years 2026 用since或for回答。 Practice 、 在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用__________。 1. How long have you played football? 2. How long have you been like this? 3. How long have you had the dog? 你踢足球踢了多长时间了？ 你这个样子有多久了？ 这条狗你养了多久了？ how long 观察句中动词，你能发现什么？ 这些动词都是延续性动词。 、  延续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作或表示 状态的词，如work，stay，live，learn等。  非延续性动词表示短暂的动作，从开始到结束， 几乎同时或在极短的时间里就完成，如come，go， leave，start，begin，become，receive，die等。 延续性与非延续性动词的定义 、 Look at these sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I have bought this book for 3 years. 2 I have bought this book since 3 years ago. 3 He has died for three years. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。 1 I have had this book for 3 years. 2 I have had this book since 3 years ago. 3 He has been dead for 3 years. 、 Look at these two sentences. Do you think they are right or wrong? 1 I haven't heard from him for a year. 2 I haven't heard from him since March. 在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性” 被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。 、 ① 用相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性动词，如： 非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换 borrow → keep buy → have become/come/go → be put on → wear 、 ② 将非延续性动词转换为be+ 介词短语，如： ③ 将非延续性动词转换为be+名词，如： begin/ start → be on finish → be over go to school → be in school join → be in+组织机构/be a member of+ 组织机构 join the army → be a soldier go to school → be a student 、 ④ 用be+ adj./adv. 结构替换非延续性动词，如： close/ open → be closed/open come back/ go back/ return → be back come here → be here fall asleep → be asleep finish/ end → be over marry → be married die → be dead 、 D. His grandpa has died for 8 years. His grandpa has been dead for 8 years. A. I have bought the book for a week. I have had the book for a week. B. How long has Mary left? How long has Mary been away? C. She has borrowed the book since Friday. She has kept the book since Friday. 判断下列句子正误。 Practice 、 Pay attention to the circled words. A: Hi Linda! Have you been to Wuhan? B: Yes! I have. And I have been to a children's hospital there to do volunteer work. A: What did you do there? B: I read stories to sick kids. They were so happy. A: That's so kind of you! Where's Peter? I want to ask him to join our volunteer club. B: He's not here. He has gone to Zhengzhou and he has gone to a community farm there to help pick vegetables for the poor. A: Oh, I see. I'll call him when he comes back. B: Sure! He'll love to join. have/has been to + 地点 → 去过某地 (已经回来) have/has gone to + 地点 → 去了某地 (还没回来) 、 ① He has been to the Palace Museum twice. ② —Have you ever been to Xi'an? —No, I have never been there. But I plan to go this year. 意为“去过(某地)”。表示某人去了某地并且已经回来的意思。它指的是一种经历。常与ever, never, once, twice, many times等连用。 他曾经去过故宫博物院两次。 —你去过西安吗？ —不，我从来没去过，不过我打算今年去。 have/has been to 、 ① Kitty and her family have gone to Hong Kong. They will come back next week. ② He has gone there to wait for his friend. 意为“去了(某地)”，表达某人去了某地但还没有回来 (可能在去某地途中或到了某地，也可能在回来的路上)。 凯蒂和她的家人去了香港。他们下周回来。 他去那儿等朋友了。 当have/has been to或have/has gone to后接home, here, there等地点副词时，to要省略。 have/has gone to 、 A B He has been to Beijing. 表示某人曾去过某地（现已回来） A B She has gone to Beijing. 表示某人在去某地途中或到了某地, 也可能在回来的路上 (现在还没有回来) have/has been to VS have/has gone to 比较 、 Li Lei joined the Party three years ago.(同义句) Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party ______ three years. Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party _____ three years ago. 2. My father left Guizhou last week.(同义句) My father ___ ____ _____ ____Guizhou ______a week. My father ___ _____ ____ ____Guizhou ____ last week. 3. The factory opened in1996.(同义句) The factory ____ ____ ____ _____ten years. The factory ____ _____ _____ since 1996. has been in for has been in since has been away from for has been away from since has been open for has been open 完成句子。 Practice 、 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 4b 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_____________(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years. 2. I__________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ________I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. _________he started working there, he __________(help) many students. 4. The organization___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers __________it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since 、 I love being a volunteer! I____________(work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ____________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ____________(make) many new friends and I ______ even _____(meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ______(meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _______(be) so big that they_______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they________ (smile) and_________(thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4c have worked have helped have made have met met was got smiled thanked 运动员 慈善机构 体育场 方向 热情地 骄傲的 、 Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. 4d How long have you • known your best friend / that girl / …? • had your favourite toy / bag / …? • lived in this town / your neighbourhood / …? Share the answers with the class. Hello everyone. I'm ______. I have been a volunteer at ______ for / since ______. I help to ______. I have learned that ______. I feel ______. Homework 基础作业：完成课本第84页4d的采访练习，用 for 和 since 写出三个句子，描述你组员的志愿者经历（或你了解的志愿者的经历）。 进阶作业：用 for 和 since 各造三个句子，描述你自己或他人的志愿者经历。 拓展作业：写一篇 60 词左右的短文，介绍一位你身边的志愿者（或你想象的志愿者），内容包括：在哪里志愿服务、做什么、服务了多久（用 for 或 since）、你的感受。 Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $