期末复习必考题型专项训练 语法填空（考点覆盖八大话题）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 本专项按话题分类（爱好、健康等8个考向），通过"考向汇总+考题实战"模式系统覆盖语法填空核心考点，解析注重语境化语法应用，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考向一至八|每个考向3-4题，共32题|语境化语法填空，考查动词时态、介词搭配、比较级等|话题与语法点结合，如"爱好"话题融合动名词作主语、反身代词等，形成"话题-语法-应用"逻辑链|

期末必考题 语法填空专项训练 ◇Part 01 考向汇总 范围 考向 内容 Unit 1 - Unit 8 考向一 考查话题：平时的爱好、空闲时间的娱乐放松活动 考向二 考查话题：安全、健康知识、保持健康 考向三 考查话题：成长过程中的问题，人生的一些道理，改善情绪 考向四 考查话题：自然奇观介绍，呼吁保护自然 考向五 考查话题：自然灾害，防灾救灾，灾难中人们互相救助 考向六 考查话题：跨文化交流、中西方文化差异、尊重不同文化 考向七 考查话题：读好书、学道理 考向八 考查话题：志愿服务及其意义，帮助他人，回馈社会 ◇Part 02 考题实战 考向一、平时的爱好、空闲时间的娱乐放松活动 01 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It can be hard to make time for a hobby when we have many important things to do. But hobbies might be 1 (important) than you think. Physical hobbies 2 going hiking or playing tennis can help you to stay healthy. They keep you fit, and they can even lower stress and improve your memory and concentration. Other types of hobbies can also keep us healthy. Some 3 (science) believe that making music can lower our blood pressure and make our body stronger. This makes it harder for us to fall sick. Playing 4 instrument also keeps our brains young. Hobbies are also good for your emotional well-being. Creative hobbies like painting or writing can help you deal with negative emotions by 5 (give) you a way to express how you feel. They can even make you feel good about 6 (you)! 7 , while hobbies have many benefits, it is important to find the right balance. Playing computer games or 8 (chat) online maybe fun, but such hobbies usually involve a lot of screen time. That could cause problems such as eye strain or poor sleep. These activities are also usually done 9 (lonely), and that could cause some people to feel lonely. Why not 10 (choose) an outdoor hobby instead? In a word, regardless of what your hobby is, it is important to make time for it. 【答案】1．more important 2．like 3．scientists 4．an 5．giving 6．yourself 7．However 8．chatting 9．alone 10．choose 【导语】本文主要介绍了爱好对身心健康的重要性，包括不同类型爱好的益处、过度使用屏幕的弊端，以及如何平衡爱好等。 【详解】1．句意：但爱好可能比你想象的更重要。空后有than，空处应用比较级，多音节形容词important的比较级是more important。 2．句意：像徒步旅行或打网球这样的体育爱好可以帮助你保持健康。空后“going hiking or playing tennis”是在进行举例，且都是动名词形式，空处表示“比如”，应填介词like。 3．句意：一些科学家认为，演奏音乐可以降低我们的血压，使我们的身体更强壮。some后接可数名词复数，此处表示“科学家”，用scientist的复数形式scientists。 4．句意：演奏乐器也能保持我们的大脑年轻。此处表示泛指“演奏一种乐器”，instrument以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an表泛指。 5．句意：像绘画或写作这样的创造性爱好可以通过给你一种表达自己感受的方式来帮助你处理负面情绪。介词by后接动词的动名词形式，give的动名词形式为giving。 6．句意：它们甚至能让你自我感觉良好！此处表示感到“你自己”很好，用you的反身代词yourself。 7．句意：然而，虽然爱好有很多好处，但找到适当的平衡点很重要。前文介绍爱好的好处，后文转折说明要平衡爱好，空后有逗号，故填转折副词However，句首首字母大写。 8．句意：玩电脑游戏或在线聊天可能很有趣，但这些爱好通常需要大量的屏幕时间。此处和前文动名词Playing并列作主语，所以用chat的动名词形式chatting。 9．句意：这些活动通常都是独自完成的，这可能会让一些人感到孤独。此处修饰动词done，要用副词，结合语境表示“独自地”，故用lonely的副词形式alone。 10．句意：为什么不选择一个户外爱好呢？Why not后接动词原形是固定搭配，所以用choose。 02 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, many students have to deal 11 heavy schoolwork every day. Taking part in wonderful free-time activities can 12 (help) them relax from heavy study. There are many kinds of choices, such as reading books, playing ball games and collecting 13 (stamp). Some students may feel worried about how to balance study and hobbies, 14 there is no need to be too nervous. Experts often advise us 15 (develop) one or two hobbies and stick to them in our free time. We can cheer 16 (we) up by doing what we truly love. Playing board games is one of 17 (popular) ways to have fun with friends and family. It can not only make us 18 (joy) but also be good for our brain. In 19 study, for example, researchers from the University of Oregon found that children who moved pieces on a numbered path were better at math. More 20 (important), board games can help us with important social skills. If we play board games often, we will learn to wait, share, and work with others. 【答案】11．with 12．help 13．stamps 14．but 15．to develop 16．ourselves 17．the most popular 18．joyful 19．a 20．importantly 【导语】本文讲述了学生平衡学业与爱好的方式，介绍了桌游的趣味与益处，倡导培养健康爱好、提升社交能力。 【详解】11．句意：如今，许多学生每天不得不应对繁重的课业。固定搭配deal with表示“处理、应对”，故填介词with。 12．句意：参与精彩的课余活动可以帮助他们从繁重的学习中放松。情态动词can后接动词原形，故填help。 13．句意：有很多种选择，例如读书、打球和集邮。stamp为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用复数形式stamps。 14．句意：一些学生可能会担心如何平衡学习和爱好，但不必太过焦虑。前后分句为转折关系，故填转折连词but。 15．句意：专家经常建议我们培养一两个爱好，并在空闲时间坚持下去。固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”，故填to develop。 16．句意：我们可以通过做自己真正热爱的事让自己振作起来。主语为We，宾语指代主语自身，需用反身代词ourselves。 17．句意：桌游是和亲友玩乐最受欢迎的方式之一。固定结构one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”，popular的最高级为most popular，最高级前用the修饰。 18．句意：它不仅能让我们开心，还对我们的大脑有益。固定结构make sb.+形容词表示“使某人……”，joy的形容词形式为joyful。 19．句意：例如，在一项研究中，俄勒冈大学的研究人员发现，在数字路径上移动棋子的孩子更擅长数学。此处泛指“一项研究”，study为辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 20．句意：更重要的是，桌游可以帮助我们掌握重要的社交技能。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，important的副词为importantly，More importantly意为“更重要的是”。 03 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(每空不多于两词)。 Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables and looking 21 animals. Some hobbies are relaxing and others are active. Hobbies can make you 22 (grow) as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. David Smith is a student, and one of his 23 (hobby) is writing. During the summer of 2010, he 24 (spend) four weeks at a summer camp. And there was a writing class. “The teacher was a writer, and she asked us 25 (talk) about our lives and tell interesting 26 (story). Then she 27 (encourage) us to write about our experiences at the camp.” Back at school, David 28 (write) a story about the life of 29 sixteen-year-old boy, and it came out 30 (successful) as a book in 2012. Now many young people love his book, and as a result, David 31 (become) successful. David is very lucky because his hobby brings him pleasure and success. 32 writing is not his only hobby. He is also interested 33 many other things. “I like playing volleyball too,” says David. “I spend some of 34 (I) free time playing volleyball for my school team. Maybe I 35 (write) about my volleyball team in my future books.” 【答案】21．after 22．grow 23．hobbies 24．spent 25．to talk 26．stories 27．encouraged 28．wrote 29．a 30．successfully 31．has become 32．But 33．in 34．my 35．will write 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了学生David Smith以写作为爱好，通过参加夏令营、受到老师鼓励，最终成功出版书籍的故事，并说明爱好能给人带来快乐和成功。 【详解】21．句意：许多学生有爱好，比如阅读、绘画、种植蔬菜和照顾动物。固定短语look after意为“照看、照顾”，符合语境。 22．句意：爱好能促进你的个人成长，发展兴趣并帮助你学习新技能。make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”，make为使役动词，后接省略to的动词不定式作宾补，因此用动词原形。 23．句意：David Smith是一名学生，他的爱好之一是写作。“one of + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，hobby需变为复数形式hobbies。 24．句意：在2010年夏天，他在一个夏令营度过了四周。时间状语“During the summer of 2010”表示过去，应用一般过去时，spend的过去式为spent。 25．句意：老师是一位作家，她让我们谈论我们的生活并讲述有趣的故事。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，此处需填动词不定式to talk。 26．句意：老师是一位作家，她让我们谈论我们的生活并讲述有趣的故事。story为可数名词，此处表示泛指的多个故事，需用复数形式stories。 27．句意：然后她鼓励我们写我们在夏令营的经历。上下文描述的是过去夏令营的事情，需用一般过去时，encourage的过去式为encouraged。 28．句意：回到学校后，David写了一个关于一个十六岁男孩生活的故事，这个故事在 2012 年顺利出版成书。上下文时间背景为过去，需用一般过去时，write的过去式为wrote。 29．句意：回到学校后，David写了一个关于一个十六岁男孩生活的故事，这个故事在 2012 年顺利出版成书。此处表示“一个十六岁的男孩”，泛指且sixteen以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 30．句意：回到学校后，David写了一个关于一个十六岁男孩生活的故事，这个故事在 2012 年顺利出版成书。此处修饰动词短语“came out”，需用副词形式，successful的副词形式为successfully。 31．句意：现在许多年轻人喜欢他的书，因此David已经变得很成功。根据时间背景和语境，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，需用现在完成时，主语David为第三人称单数，因此用 has become。 32．句意：但是写作不是他唯一的爱好。上文提到爱好带来快乐与成功，此处转折，表示“但是”，且位于句首首字母大写，因此用But。 33．句意：他也对许多其他事情感兴趣。固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，因此用in。 34．句意：我花一些空闲时间为校队打排球。此处修饰名词“free time”，需用形容词性物主代词，I的形容词性物主代词为my。 35．句意：或许我会在我以后的书里写写我们排球队的故事。根据“in my future books”可知，此处表示将来的动作，需用一般将来时，因此用will write。 04 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I started going climbing last year, and it has become my favourite hobby. I got into it 36 I wanted to get close to nature and challenge myself. At first, I 37 (simple) thought it was a fun outdoor activity, not knowing I would grow into a real climber. Some people say going climbing 38 (be) risky, but with proper preparation, we can stay safe. Once I almost lost 39 (I) way, but I didn’t get into a panic. My friend’s timely (及时的) aid helped me avoid danger. That experience taught me 40 to survive in an emergency. Going climbing brings many benefits. It helps reduce 41 (stress).When I reach the top, I feel 42 (joy). For me, the main purpose isn’t to win but to keep going. I’ve learned to stay calm when facing difficulties and manage my time well during trips. I often chat with other 43 (climber) on the way. We share stories and encourage each other. Once, a small stone 44 (hit) my shoe, but I didn’t stop. Every time I return home, I always feel 45 (relax) and energetic. This hobby helps me express my love for life and become a stronger person. 【答案】36．because 37．simply 38．is 39．my 40．how 41．stress 42．joyful 43．climbers 44．hit 45．relaxed 【导语】本文介绍了作者爱上攀岩的原因、经历的危险、攀岩带来的益处以及从中获得的成长。 36．句意：我开始攀岩是因为我想亲近自然、挑战自我。前句提到“攀岩已成为我最喜欢的爱好”，本句进一步说明开始这一爱好的原因，前后句为因果关系，需用连词because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 37．句意：起初，我只是单纯地认为这是一项有趣的户外活动，并未意识到自己会成长为一名真正的攀岩者。修饰动词thought需用副词，simple的副词形式为simply，意为“仅仅、只是”。 38．句意：有人说攀岩有风险，但做好充分准备就能保证安全。动名词短语“going climbing”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is。 39．句意：有一次我差点迷路，但我没有惊慌失措。“lose one’s way”为固定短语，意为“迷路”，主语为I，故填形容词性物主代词my。 40．句意：那次经历教会了我如何在紧急情况下生存。前文提到作者在攀岩时差点迷路，幸得朋友及时帮助才脱离危险，“如何在紧急情况下生存”是作者从中学到的具体技能，“疑问词 + 动词不定式”作宾语，how意为“如何”，符合语境。 41．句意：它有助于减轻压力。reduce后需接名词作宾语，stress意为“压力”，为不可数名词，故填stress。 42．句意：当我到达山顶时，我感到喜悦。系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，joy的形容词形式为joyful，意为“喜悦的、高兴的”。 43．句意：我经常在路上与其他攀岩者聊天。other后接可数名词复数，climber的复数形式为climbers。 44．句意：有一次，一颗小石子砸到了我的鞋子，但我没有停下。描述过去发生的事实用一般过去时，hit的过去式与原形同形，故填hit。 45．句意：每次回到家，我总是感到放松且充满活力。系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，主语是I，relax的形容词形式relaxed意为“感到放松的”，描述人的主观感受，故填relaxed。 考向二、安全、健康知识、保持健康 05 阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置 (如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式; 如无提示词, 则填入1个适当的单词)。 Health and safety are of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily felt really terrible. Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had a high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor checked her 46 (careful). He told her mother that Lily was suffering 47 a very bad cold. He gave her some pills and advised her 48 (have) a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw 49 man riding a bike in front. Suddenly, the man lost control and fell off the bike. He got hurt badly, and there were some injuries on his hands and legs. Lily and her mother 50 (run) to help deal with the injuries without hesitation. Then they called the emergency number for help. They didn’t leave 51 the ambulance (救护车) came. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people 52 (pay) more attention to their health and safety. Please 53 (be) more careful to avoid any harm when you are outside. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt 54 (us). What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing 55 (accident). Also a clean environment is good for our health, so we should try our best to protect the environment. 【答案】46．carefully 47．from 48．to have 49．a 50．ran 51．until 52．should pay 53．be 54．ourselves 55．accidents 【导语】 本文讲述了莉莉上周一因发烧去医院，在回家路上遇到有人骑车摔倒受伤，她和母亲帮忙处理并等待救护车，这次经历让她意识到人们应多关注健康和安全，还提到要小心避免受伤、掌握急救技能以及保护环境对健康有益。 【详解】46．句意：医生仔细地给她做了检查。“checked”是动词，要用副词修饰，“careful”的副词形式是“carefully”，所以填carefully。 47．句意：他告诉莉莉的妈妈，莉莉患了重感冒。“suffer from”是固定短语，意为“遭受；患（病）”，所以填from。 48．句意：他给了她一些药，并建议她在家好好休息。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，所以填to have。 49．句意：在回家的路上，他们看到前面有一个人骑着自行车。“man”是可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指“一个人”，“man”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词“a”，所以填a。 50．句意：莉莉和她的妈妈毫不犹豫地跑过去帮忙处理伤口。根据上下文可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时，“run”的过去式是“ran”，所以填ran。 51．句意：他们直到救护车来了才离开。“not...until...”是固定句型，意为“直到……才……”，所以填until。 52．句意：这次经历让莉莉深刻地意识到人们应该更加关注他们的健康和安全。根据语境可知，这里表示建议或应该做某事，“should”表示“应该”，后接动词原形，所以填should pay。 53．句意：当你在外面的时候，请更加小心以避免任何伤害。“please”后接动词原形，构成祈使句，所以填be。 54．句意：如果我们不小心，我们很容易伤害到自己。“hurt oneself”表示“伤害自己”，主语是“we”，对应的反身代词是“ourselves”，所以填ourselves。 55．句意：更重要的是，当面对事故时，掌握一些基本的急救技能真的很有帮助。“accident”是可数名词，此处表示泛指“事故”，要用复数形式“accidents”，所以填accidents。 06 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Lucy and I 56 (be) best friends since Grade 7. Our 57 (seat) are next to each other in the classroom. We spend most breaks playing together. One afternoon, the sun 58 (shine) brightly and the birds were singing in the trees. 59 we were playing on the playground, all of a sudden, Lucy felt sick. She cried for help. I thought she was just being playful. I didn’t care. But then, Lucy 60 (lie) down on the ground. I was 61 shock. I was so scared that I could hardly move. Thank goodness, our head teacher Mr. King came across us and helped. The next day, he held a class 62 (meet) about what to do in an emergency. We 63 (tell) to keep calm when facing an emergency, because we are 64 (like) to get nervous and don’t know what to do. When we meet an accident, we mustn’t leave in 65 hurry. Don’t only depend 66 ourselves. If we call for help in time, we 67 (have) more chances. In our daily life, don’t be 68 (care) in case something bad happens. Remember to keep away from danger. After all, 69 (safe) comes first. From this experience, I learn if we care more about others around us, we will prevent them from 70 (get) hurt. 【答案】56．have been 57．seats 58．was shining 59．When/While 60．lay 61．in 62．meeting 63．were told 64．likely 65．a 66．on 67．will have 68．careless 69．safety 70．getting 【导语】本文讲述了作者与好友Lucy从七年级起成为挚友，在一次突发事件中因疏忽险些酿成大错，最终通过班会学习应急知识的故事。 【详解】56．句意：自从七年级起，Lucy和我就是最好的朋友了。根据“since Grade 7”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语“Lucy and I”为复数，故填have been。 57．句意：我们的座位在教室里紧挨着。根据“are”可知，主语应用复数形式，“seat”的复数为seats。 58．句意：一天下午，阳光灿烂地照耀着，鸟儿在树上歌唱。根据“were singing”可知，此处描述过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语“the sun”为单数，故填was shining。 59．句意：当我们在操场上玩耍的时候，突然Lucy感到不舒服。此处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句动作与主句动作同时发生，故填When/While。 60．句意：但是然后，Lucy躺在了地上。描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，“lie”表示“躺”的过去式为lay。 61．句意：我大吃一惊。“in shock”为固定搭配，意为“震惊，大吃一惊”，故填in。 62．句意：第二天，他开了一次关于紧急情况下该做什么的班会。“class meeting”意为“班会”，为固定表达，故填meeting。 63．句意：我们被告知在面对紧急情况时要保持冷静。主语“We”与动词“tell”之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were told。 64．句意：因为我们很可能变得紧张，不知道做什么。“be likely to do sth.”意为“很可能做某事”，为固定搭配，故填likely。 65．句意：当我们遇到意外时，我们千万不要匆忙离开。“in a hurry”意为“匆忙地”，为固定搭配，故填a。 66．句意：不要只依赖我们自己。“depend on”意为“依赖，依靠”，为固定搭配，故填on。 67．句意：如果我们及时求助，我们就会有更多的机会。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句为一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故填will have。 68．句意：在日常生活中，不要粗心，以防不好的事情发生。根据“in case something bad happens”可知，应表示“不要粗心”，应用形容词careless作表语。 69．句意：毕竟，安全是第一位的。此处作主语，应用名词“safety”。 70．句意：从这次经历中，我学到如果我们更关心周围的人，我们就会阻止他们受到伤害。“prevent sb. from doing sth.”意为“阻止某人做某事”，为固定搭配，故填getting。 07 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号里单词的正确形式，使短文通顺、连贯。 Last Monday, Lily had a cough and felt really awful. Her mother took her temperature and found she had a high fever. So they rushed to the hospital. The doctor 71 (check) her carefully. He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 72 a serious cold. He gave her some 73 (pill) and advised her to have a good rest at home. On their way home, they saw a man riding a bike ahead of them. Suddenly, 74 man lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 75 (bad), and there was even an injury on his face. “Help me! My knee 76 (hurt) so much that I can’t stand up,” the man shouted. Lily and her mother ran to help. They used the first aid knowledge they learned in the class 77 (deal) with his injury. Then they called 120 for help. This experience made Lily realize that health is one of 78 (great) things in life. People should always care about 79 (they). We won’t know the importance of health 80 we lose it. What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing illness or accidents. 【答案】71．checked 72．from 73．pills 74．the 75．badly 76．hurts 77．to deal 78．the greatest 79．themselves 80．until 【导语】本文讲述莉莉生病去医院途中，遇到一名骑车男子摔伤。她和母亲运用课堂所学的急救知识处理伤口并拨打120。这件事让莉莉意识到健康的重要性以及掌握急救技能的意义。 【详解】71．句意：医生仔细地给她做了检查。全文讲述的是上周一发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，check的过去式为checked。 72．句意：他告诉莉莉的妈妈，莉莉得了重感冒。suffer from是固定搭配，意为“患有、遭受……之苦”，应填from。 73．句意：他给了她一些药片，并建议她在家好好休息。some后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词，pill为可数名词，此处表示“一些药片”，需要用复数形式pills。 74．句意：突然，那个人失去控制，从自行车上摔了下来。前面已经提到“a man”，第二次再提及时用定冠词the表示特指。 75．句意：他的膝盖擦伤得很严重，脸上甚至还有伤口。此处需要副词修饰动词was bruised，bad的副词形式是badly。 76．句意：“救救我！我的膝盖疼得厉害，我都站不起来了。”那个男人大声喊道。全文为一般过去时，但此处是直接引语(男人说的话)，用一般现在时表示当下状态。主语my knee是第三人称单数，hurt用hurts。 77．句意：她们用课堂上学的急救知识来处理他的伤口。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，deal需要用不定式形式to deal。 78．句意：这次经历让莉莉意识到健康是生命中最重要的事情之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”。great的最高级是the greatest。 79．句意：人们应该时刻关心自己。care about后面接反身代词，表示“关心自己”。they对应的反身代词是themselves。 80．句意：直到失去健康，我们才知道它的重要性。not...until...是固定搭配，意为“直到……才……”。 08 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every year, natural disasters happen in many places all over the world. 81 earthquake happened in Myanmar (缅甸) on 28 March 2025. 82 (unlucky) , many people got hurt or died in it. Earthquakes can happen at any time and in all 83 (place) . The taller the buildings are, the 84 (much) dangerous they will be. You’d better take the following measures to keep you away 85 danger during the earthquake. When an earthquake happens, do not try to run out of the building if you are on the 86 (two) floor— even if you only need a short time to go. Hide under a table or anything similar quickly. Cover your eyes and head with your hands to protect 87 (they) . It is easy for people to get hurt in such a situation. 88 a fire alarm rings, you will have to leave the building as fast as possible. Take the nearest stairs (楼梯) 89 (leave) the building. Remember not to come back to the building until it is safe. Natural disasters are unpredictable (不可预测的) . Protecting yourself   90 (be) all you can do. 【答案】81．An 82．Unluckily 83．places 84．more 85．from 86．second 87．them 88．When 89．to leave 90．is 【导语】本文主要讲述：每年全球多地会发生自然灾害，以2025年3月缅甸地震为例，说明地震的突发性与危险性，并重点提供地震发生时保护自身安全的具体应对方法。 【详解】81．句意：2025年3月28日，缅甸发生了一场地震。earthquake为可数名词单数，首次提及且无特指，需用不定冠词，且发音以元音音素开头用an。由于放在句首，首字母大写。 82．句意：不幸的是，许多人在这次地震中受伤或死亡。空格处用逗号隔开，表明修饰整个句子，作状语，需用副词，括号内为形容词“unlucky”，其副词形式“unluckily”表示“不幸地”，符合语境。由于放置在句首，首字母需大写。 83．句意：地震可能在任何时候、任何地点发生。all后接复数名词，place为可数名词，故此处填其复数形式places。 84．句意：建筑物越高，它们就越危险。固定搭配“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”表示“越怎样越怎样”，“dangerous”的比较级为“more dangerous”，故填more。 85．句意：你最好采取以下方法来让自己远离地震中的危险。固定搭配“keep sb. away from sth.”表示“远离某物”。 86．句意：当地震发生时，如果你在二楼，不要试图跑出建筑物—即使你只需要很短的时间。括号内为基数词，而楼层表达用序数词，表示“第二层”。故填second。 87．句意：用手护住你的眼睛和头部，以保护它们。“protect”为及物动词，后接宾语，括号内为主格they，需要用其宾格。 88．句意：当火警响起时，你必须尽快离开建筑物。空格后逗号连接了完整句子“you will have to...”，表示时间状语从句，需连词引导。故本句用“When”，表示“当什么的时候”，符合语境。 89．句意：走最近的楼梯离开建筑物。空格处表目的，此处用不定式“to do”表示目的。 90．句意：保护自己是你所能做的全部。动名词短语Protecting yourself作主语谓语动词用单数，且描述的是客观情况，时态为一般现在时。故用is。 考向三、成长过程中的问题，人生的一些道理，改善情绪 09 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses 91 important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then 92 (break) it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe 93 (fast) than before, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone. But sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger 94 (quiet). For example, you may hide it 95 your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you 96 (get) angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or 97 (you). When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s 98 (help) to talk about your anger with an adult, such as a parent, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad 99 (feeling) can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do 100 you start to feel angry: talk to a good friend, count from 1 to 100, give someone a hug (拥抱), go for a bike ride, think about good things, etc. Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you. 【答案】91．an 92．breaks 93．faster 94．quietly 95．in 96．to get 97．yourself 98．helpful 99．feelings 100．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了愤怒这种情绪的产生、表现，说明隐藏愤怒的危害，并给出了正确处理愤怒的方法，提醒人们不要被愤怒控制。 【详解】91．句意：当你的队伍输掉一场重要的比赛时。“game”是可数名词单数，空后的“important”以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an（一个），表示泛指。 92．句意：当一个朋友借了你最喜欢的东西然后把它弄坏时，你可能会变得很生气。由“borrows”可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语“a friend”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 93．句意：举个例子，你的呼吸比以前更快。句中有“than”表示比较，需用副词fast的比较级。 94．句意：但有时你悄悄地隐藏你的愤怒。修饰动词“hide”需用副词。 95．句意：举个例子，你可能把它藏在心里。hide in one’s heart是固定搭配，表示“藏在心里”。 96．句意：有时候生气对你来说是正常的。it’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，需用不定式作主语。 97．句意：不伤害别人也不伤害你自己。与“others”并列，表示伤害自己，需用反身代词yourself表示“你自己”。 98．句意：和成年人谈论你的愤怒是有帮助的。it’s+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，此处表示和成年人谈论会有帮助，需用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。 99．句意：那些坏情绪会开始消失。“those”后接可数名词复数。 100．句意：当你开始感到生气时，你可以做一些其他的事情。“you start to feel angry”是时间背景，需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 10 在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 (缩写词算一个词)。 There are many reasons why you may forget to smile. You may be worried about your life or you may be busy with other 101 (problem). Here are a few reasons why you should smile. Let you be beautiful. Wearing make-up (化妆品) can only make you look beautiful on your face. Real happiness comes 102 your deep heart and it shows on your face only through a smile. 103 you want to look attractive (吸引人的), you should smile a lot. Make you be healthy. A smile 104 (usual) shows that a person is happy. And being happy helps people to have 105 healthy life. Smiling can make you feel good and do good to your health. If you can be happy more often, it’s easier to keep 106 (you) in good health. Help you make more friends. You should do it right now. You have to be a 107 (friend) person, when you want to start a talk with people or know someone much 108 (good). So people can believe in you. Smiling is a way 109 (help) you make it more easily. Smiling 110 (make) it easier for people to get along with each other. 【答案】101．problems 102．from 103．If 104．usually 105．a 106．yourself 107．friendly 108．better 109．to help 110．makes 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了微笑的好处，包括让人心情愉悦，强身健体，让人更友善，更容易交朋友，与人相处等。 101．句意：你可能为生活担忧，或是忙于其他问题。other后接可数名词复数，problem是可数名词，需变为复数形式problems。 102．句意：真正的快乐源自内心深处。come from意为“来自”，属于固定搭配。 103．句意：如果你想变得有魅力，就该多微笑。 此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，If符合逻辑，句首首字母需大写。 104．句意：微笑通常表示一个人很开心。此处需副词修饰动词shows，usual的副词形式是usually，意为“通常”。 105．句意：快乐有助于人们拥有健康的生活。固定搭配have a healthy life意为“过健康的生活”，healthy以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 106．句意：如果你能更常感到快乐，就更容易保持身体健康。固定搭配keep oneself in good health意为“保持某人自己身体健康”，主语为you，反身代词用yourself。 107．句意：当你想要主动和别人搭话、或是想更深入地了解某人时，你必须做一个待人友善的人。修饰后面的名词person，要用形容词作定语，friend的形容词为friendly，意为“友善的”。 108．句意：当你想要主动和别人搭话、或是想更深入地了解某人时，你必须做一个待人友善的人。much后接形容词/副词比较级表示“……得多”，good的副词形式well的比较级为better，know sb. much better意为 “更了解某人”。 109．句意：微笑是一种帮助你更轻松应对的方式。固定搭配a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式”，此处用不定式to help作后置定语。 110．句意：微笑让人们更容易相处。句子主语 Smiling是动名词，视为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式makes。 11 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stress is a normal feeling. Sometimes stress pushes us to move forward. But stress becomes bad if it influences our everyday life and health. So how do you know you’re stressed out? And 111 can you do about it? Sometimes stress comes when you don’t realize it. Do you often feel a stomachache, a headache, or get angry 112 (easy)? Do you find it difficult 113 (sleep) well? If your answers are “Yes”, you are probably facing plenty of stress and you may need help. Talking 114 your difficulties with someone always helps. You can have a talk with your parents, friends, teachers or even doctors. Tell them if you’re 115 (worry) about your schoolwork, or if you have difficult relationships with your classmates. Then you can find a few 116 (way) together. You can cut out your after-school activities, spend more time 117 (talk) with your family, and go for a short holiday. There’s another important thing you need to remember: Having some stress is normal. It is OK to feel angry, scared or lonely sometimes. 118 stress can be uncomfortable, it can also make us stronger. To solve your problems, don’t be afraid to ask for help when you’re in need. Remember, taking care of 119 (you) is the first step to dealing with stress. And if you try these ways, you’ll find that it is the 120 (good) way to keep healthy and happy. 【答案】111．what 112．easily 113．to sleep 114．about 115．worried 116．ways 117．talking 118．Although/Though 119．yourself 120．best 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了关于压力是一种正常的情绪感受，描述了压力的一些表现和处理方法建议。 111．句意：又该对此做些什么呢？本空缺少疑问词，根据后文的内容都是关于如何处理压力的建议，因此应填what，代表能做的事情。 112．句意：你是否经常胃痛、头痛，或是很容易就发脾气？此处是为了修饰前面动词词组“get angry”，副词修饰动词，应填easily。 113．句意：你是否发觉自己很难睡个好觉？根据固定搭配“ find it difficult to do sth. ”表示发现做某事很困难，因此填不定式to sleep。 114．句意：向他人倾诉自己的困境总会有所帮助。本空缺少连接动词talk和名词difficulties的介词，固定搭配“talk about sth.”表示谈论某事，应填about。 115．句意：告诉他们，你是否在学业上感到担忧，或是和同学的相处出现了问题。固定短语“be worried about”表示为……而担忧，应填worried。 116．句意：然后你们可以一起找到一些解决办法。根据前面出现的a few，说明后面跟的是可数名词复数，表示有一些……，应填ways。 117．句意：你可以精简课后活动，花更多时间陪伴交谈家人，也可以来一场短途假期休整。固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”表示花费时间做某事，应填talking。 118．句意：尽管压力会让人倍感煎熬，但它也能让我们变得更加坚强。此处是连接两个句子，因此缺少连词，而uncomfortable与stronger形成了对比转折，根据语境，两句话之间有让步尽管之意，因此可填Although/Though。 119．句意：请记住，照顾好你自己，是应对压力的第一步。本空处在介词of后面，可填代词的宾格或反身代词，结合语境，应该是劝诫照顾好你自己，所以填yourself。 120．句意：只要你尝试这些方法，就会发现，这是维系身心健康、收获快乐的最佳方法。前面有定冠词the，应该指做到上面的方法，就会是保持健康快乐的最好的方法，形容词的最高级，应填best。 12 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Losing friends is as easy as making friends 121 you don’t know how to deal with 122 (angry) and conflict (冲突). Conflict is part of 123 (everyone) life. It will show up at school, at work and at home. It is OK 124 (feel) angry, annoyed or sad. These feelings are 125 (nature), but different people deal with them 126 different ways. Some people shout, or even hit the person who has hurt them. Others do their best to keep away from disagreements but seldom deal with conflict 127 (successful). Dealing with conflict is a step-by-step process. Before you start talking about the problem, calm down, count to 10 and imagine a relaxing place. Then, say what is really bothering (使烦恼) you, but watch how you express 128 (you). Don’t complain. Share 129 you feel by using “I…”. For example, don’t say “You are always 130 (order) me to do this or to do that.”, but say “I feel sad because you don’t pay attention to what I think.”. You want people to hear your opinion, so make sure you practise what you want to say. Listen carefully to the other person and accept that he or she might see the problem in a different way. Be open-minded and willing to say sorry. 【答案】121．if 122．anger 123．everyone’s 124．to feel 125．natural 126．in 127．successfully 128．yourself 129．how 130．ordering 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“如何处理人际冲突”展开，介绍了冲突的普遍性、人们应对冲突的不同方式，并给出了建设性的解决步骤。 121．句意：如果你不知道如何处理愤怒和冲突，失去朋友和交到朋友一样容易。 前后句为条件关系，填连词if（如果）。 122．句意：如果你不知道如何处理愤怒和冲突，失去朋友和交到朋友一样容易。 介词with后接名词，angry 需变为名词anger（愤怒）。 123．句意：冲突是每个人生活的一部分。修饰名词life需用名词所有格，everyone变为everyone’s（每个人的）。 124．句意：感到生气、恼怒或难过是正常的。固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth.，表示“做某事是……”，填不定式to feel。 125．句意：这些感觉是自然的。be动词后接形容词作表语，nature变为形容词natural（自然的）。 126．句意：但不同的人用不同的方式处理它们。固定搭配in different ways表示“用不同的方式”，填介词in。 127．句意：其他人尽力避免分歧，但很少成功地处理冲突。修饰动词deal with需用副词，successful变为副词successfully（成功地）。 128．句意：但要注意你如何表达自己。 此处指“表达你自己”，用反身代词yourself。 129．句意：用“我……”来分享你的感受如何。此处表示“感受如何”，用连词how。“how you feel”是宾语从句，作动词Share的宾语。 130．句意：你总是命令我做这个做那个。固定搭配be always doing sth.表示“总是做某事（带有抱怨语气）”，order变为动名词ordering。 考向四、自然奇观介绍，呼吁保护自然 13 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Mount Qomolangma, standing at around 8,848.86 metres, is the world’s highest mountain above sea level. But do you know that 131 (it) height is growing? Scientists say the huge mountain grows by as much as two millimetres (毫米) every year. Two millimetres is very tiny, 132 the change will be big over time. In 133 recent study, researchers have suggested that Qomolangma is growing because of a river, the Arun. This powerful river 134 (run) along the Himalayas and washes away rocks and soil. Then a huge, deep gorge (峡谷) 135 (create). As there is now less ground material left in that area, the crust (地壳) becomes lighter as well. This allows the crusts 136 (push) against each other and go upwards. Many 137 (year) later, the whole process raises the height of the land—even big, heavy mountains. 138 makes Qomolangma grow so rapidly? Researchers discovered that with a lot more water going through the Arun, the river would wash away more rocks and soil. As a result, the gorge becomes even 139 (big) in a shorter time, causing Qomolangma to grow more quickly. It is 140 (real) amazing to think about how nature can change the world’s highest mountain! 【答案】131．its 132．but 133．a 134．runs 135．is created 136．to push 137．years 138．What 139．bigger 140．really 【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的高度仍在增长，科学家解释了其中的原因与阿伦河有关。 【详解】131．句意：但你知道它的高度还在增长吗？此处修饰名词“height”，应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。 132．句意：两毫米非常微小，但随着时间的推移，变化会很大。前后句意存在转折关系，前说“微小”，后说“变化大”，应用转折连词but。 133．句意：在最近的一项研究中，研究人员提出珠穆朗玛峰因阿伦河而增高。study为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一项研究”，且recent以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 134．句意：这条强大的河流沿着喜马拉雅山脉奔流，冲刷岩石和土壤。描述客观事实，句子时态为一般现在时；主语“This powerful river”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用run的第三人称单数形式runs。 135．句意：然后，一个巨大而深的峡谷被形成。主语“a huge, deep gorge”与动词create之间为被动关系，且描述一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为is/am/are+过去分词；主语为单数，be动词用is，create的过去分词为created。 136．句意：这使得地壳相互挤压并向上移动。allow sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许……做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to push作宾语补足语。 137．句意：许多年后，整个过程抬高了地面的高度——甚至是高大沉重的山脉。year为可数名词，其前有many修饰，应用复数形式years。 138．句意：是什么让珠穆朗玛峰增长得如此迅速？此处为特殊疑问词引导的疑问句，询问原因或事物，且作主语，应用疑问代词What，首字母大写。 139．句意：结果，峡谷在更短的时间内变得更大，导致珠穆朗玛峰增长得更快。even后常接形容词比较级表示程度加深，big的比较级为bigger。 140．句意：思考大自然如何改变世界最高峰真是令人惊叹。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，real的副词形式为really。 14 阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is the second 141 (long) river in China. It runs from the mountains 142 the sea . It gave birth to one of the oldest and most famous 143 (culture) in the world-the Yellow River culture. In the hearts of Chinese people, the Yellow River is the “mother river”. It is expected to play a more important role in our country’s 144 (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 145 its water is yellow, as it took lots of yellow sand to the water when it ran through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The river starts from Qinghai province in northwestern China. It runs through a lot of places before 146 (run) into the Bohai Sea. The 5,464-kilometer-long river 147 (feed) about 12% of China’s population and offers water to about 17% of fields and more than 50 cities. So far our country has made great efforts (努力) in the environment 148 (protect) of the river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand can’t go into it. Our “mother river” has become much 149 (clear) than before. We should try 150 (we) best to protect it. 【答案】141．longest 142．to 143．cultures 144．development 145．because 146．running 147．feeds 148．protection 149．clearer 150．our 【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、文化意义、名称由来、流经区域及其生态环境保护的成效。 【详解】141．句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。表示“第二长的”，用定冠词加形容词最高级，long的最高级是longest。 142．句意：它从山脉流向大海。固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，故填to。 143．句意：它孕育了世界上最古老、最著名的文化之一——黄河文化。固定搭配“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，culture的复数形式是cultures。 144．句意：它有望在我国的发展中发挥更重要的作用。名词所有格country’s后用名词，develop的名词形式是development。 145．句意：这条河在中文里被称为“黄河”，因为当它流经黄土高原时，携带了大量黄沙，河水呈黄色。前后句为因果关系，表示“因为”，故填because。 146．句意：它在流入渤海之前流经许多地方。介词before后用动名词作宾语，run的动名词形式是running。 147．句意：这条5464公里长的河流养育了大约12%的中国人口，为约17%的农田和50多个城市提供水源。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The 5,464-Kilometer-long river为第三人称单数，故填feeds。 148．句意：到目前为止，我国在河流的环境保护方面做出了巨大努力。名词所有格environment的后面用名词，protect的名词形式是protection。 149．句意：我们的“母亲河”比以前清澈多了。由than before可知用比较级，clear的比较级是clearer。 150．句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护它。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”，we的形容词性物主代词是our。 15 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lake Natron is a lake in Tanzania, East Africa. Its water is red, and the lake is one of the 151 (salt) lakes in the world. The red colour 152 (come) from salt-loving organisms (生物) called halophiles. This is a 153 (nature) wonder, but also dangerous to many living things. Lake Natron is very hot. And its water can reach 60℃. The lake’s high salt levels can burn skin and even damage (损害) eyes. That’s why many animals cannot live here. But one special bird, 154 flamingo, loves this lake. It builds nests on the salt islands. Every year, thousands of flamingos come here 155 (lay) eggs and raise their chicks. The lake gives them a safe home, 156 few animals can reach their nests. The lake’s beauty is 157 (change). Sometimes it looks red, sometimes pink, and sometimes silver or orange. This depends on the sunlight, temperature, and algae (藻类) in the water. Its colours change throughout the day and across seasons. Strong winds can also change the shape of the salt crusts. People must be careful here. Walking near the lake is 158 (risk). The salt crust can break, and people can fall 159 the hot, salty water. The air around the lake sometimes smells terrible because of chemicals in the water. Still, it is a magical place to visit and study, especially for 160 (science) and photographers. 【答案】151．saltiest 152．comes 153．natural 154．the 155．to lay 156．because 157．changeable 158．risky 159．into 160．scientists 【导语】本文主要介绍了东非坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖，其湖水呈红色、含盐量极高、水温很高，对多数生物危险，却是火烈鸟理想的繁殖地。文章还描述了湖水颜色的多变性以及靠近湖泊的危险性。 【详解】151．句意：它的水是红色的，这个湖是世界上最咸的湖泊之一。salt“盐”，此处修饰名词lakes，用形容词形式salty“咸的”，“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，salty的最高级为saltiest“最咸的”。 152．句意：红色来自一种叫做嗜盐菌的喜盐生物。come from“来自”，空处作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为The red colour，动词用第三人称单数形式comes。 153．句意：这是一个自然奇观，但对许多生物也很危险。nature“自然”，修饰名词wonder，用其形容词形式natural“自然的”。 154．句意：但有一种特别的鸟，火烈鸟，喜欢这个湖。此处表示一类事物（火烈鸟这类鸟），前面加定冠词the。 155．句意：每年，成千上万的火烈鸟来到这里产卵并抚养它们的幼鸟。lay“下（蛋），产（卵）”，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是产卵和抚养幼鸟”。 156．句意：湖给了它们一个安全的家，因为很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴。“很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴”是“湖给了它们一个安全的家”的原因，用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。 157．句意：这个湖的美是多变的。句子缺表语，下文提到湖水颜色会变红、粉、银或橙色，说明它的美是多变的，用change“变化”的形容词形式changeable“多变的”。 158．句意：在湖边行走是危险的。be动词is后接形容词作表语，risk“危险”的形容词形式是risky“危险的”。 159．句意：盐壳可能会破裂，人们可能会掉入滚烫的咸水中。fall into意为“掉入、落入”。 160．句意：尽管如此，它仍然是一个参观和学习的神奇之地，尤其是对科学家和摄影师来说。and连接并列成分，photographers“摄影师”是复数，science“科学”对应的职业名词scientist“科学家”也用复数scientists。 16 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。 The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 161 the mother river of the Chinese. It 162 (start) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 163 (enter) the sea. In ancient times, the river 164 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 165 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canals (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) 166 (build) to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 167 (quick). In modern times, water projects have been built to store water and produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 168 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned. The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 169 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can solve problems with wisdom 170 hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future. 【答案】161．as 162．starts 163．entering 164．brought 165．its 166．were built 167．quickly 168．trees 169．importance 170．and 【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、历史上的水患与治理、现代水利工程与环保措施，以及黄河治理带给我们的启示。 【详解】161．句意：它被誉为中华民族的母亲河。“be known as”为固定短语，意为“被称为”，故填as。 162．句意：它发源于青藏高原。描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，start的第三人称单数为starts。 163．句意：它流经九个省份后入海。介词before后接动名词作宾语，enter的动名词为entering。 164．句意：在古代，这条河既带来生命也带来问题。描述过去的情况，用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。 165．句意：在洪水季节，它经常决堤。修饰名词banks，需用形容词性物主代词，it的对应词为its。 166．句意：后来，人们修建了堤坝来控制水流。主语embankments与build之间为被动关系，且描述过去的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填were built。 167．句意：潘季驯使用更窄的堤坝来快速冲刷泥沙。修饰动词wash away，需用副词，quick的副词为quickly。 168．句意：例如种植树木以减少水土流失。tree为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填trees。 169．句意：黄河的故事教会我们与自然和平共处的重要性。the后接名词，important的名词为importance。 170．句意：它展示了人们如何用智慧和努力解决问题。wisdom与hard work为并列关系，用and连接。 考向五、自然灾害，防灾救灾，灾难中人们互相救助 17 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Surviving the Super Typhoon Some people had experienced a powerful typhoon. It happened in the 171 (southwest) part of the country. When the weather center warned people 172 (not go) outside, many began to realize the danger. The storm came 173 the coast of the nearby island and moved quickly toward the town. People there were told to stay indoors. Although the typhoon was still far away, its wind speed was 174 (near) 200 kilometers per hour. Local governments helped families make full 175 (prepare) for the coming disaster. They stored food, water, and first-aid kits in safe places. As the typhoon arrived, the wind 176 (beat) against the windows and roofs. Trees fell down, and power lines broke. Many people stayed in 177 (hide) corners of their homes, such as basements or inner hallways, to keep themselves safe. After the typhoon passed, people came out and saw the conditions. The storm had caused serious flooding and destroyed hundreds of houses. It was the 178 (bad) typhoon in the area in the past fifty years. Many families lost everything, but hope was not lost: In the face of the disaster, ordinary people became 179 (hero) . Though nature showed 180 (it) terrible temper, the human spirit remained strong. People learned that being prepared and staying together could help them survive through hard times. 【答案】171．southwestern 172．not to go 173．from 174．nearly 175．preparations 176．beat 177．hidden 178．worst 179．heroes 180．its 【导语】本文主要记叙了一场超强台风的来袭过程，讲述了人们在台风前后的应对、受灾情况，以及灾难中人性的坚强与互助。 【详解】171．句意：它发生在该国的西南部地区。“part”是名词，前面需用形容词修饰，方位词southwest需变为形容词形式，作定语修饰part。 172．句意：当气象中心警告人们不要外出时，许多人开始意识到危险。动词“warn”，固定搭配warn sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“警告某人（不）做某事”。 173．句意：风暴从附近岛屿的海岸袭来，并迅速向城镇移动。固定搭配come from the coast表示“来自海岸/从海岸登陆”，此处强调台风的移动路径，用come from更贴合语境。 174．句意：尽管台风还很远，它的风速却接近每小时200公里。200 kilometers per hour，“near”需变为副词形式，修饰数量，表示“将近、大约”。 175．句意：当地政府帮助家庭为即将到来的灾难做好充分准备。“make full”后接名词，固定搭配make full preparations for，表示“为……做好充分准备”。 176．句意：台风来袭时，风猛烈地拍打着窗户和屋顶。时间状语“As the typhoon arrived”（过去时） ，主句动词需用过去式，beat的过去式仍为beat。 177．句意：许多人待在家里隐蔽的角落，比如地下室或内走廊，以保护自己的安全。名词“corners”前面需用形容词修饰，动词hide需变为形容词形式hidden，作定语表示“隐蔽的”。 178．句意：这是该地区过去五十年来最严重的台风。the定冠词，“in the past fifty years” ，形容词bad需用最高级形式，表示“最严重的”。 179．句意：面对灾难，普通人成了英雄。主语“ordinary people”是复数，名词hero需变为复数形式，与主语一致。 180．句意：尽管大自然展现了它可怕的脾气，人类的精神依然坚强。名词“temper”前面需用形容词性物主代词修饰，指代nature的代词it，需变为形容词性物主代词its。 18 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整，每空一词。 On 26 December 2004, 10-year-old Tilly Smith was on holiday in Phuket with her family. While 181 (walk) on the beach, she noticed strange waves coming in instead of going out. She quickly realized a tsunami was 182 (come), as her geography teacher had taught her about underwater 183 (earthquake) causing such waves. At first, her family didn’t believe her, 184 Tilly refused to move further. Her mother stayed on the beach, while 185 rest of the family returned to the hotel. Tilly’s father told a security guard about the 186 (dangerous), and he cleared the beach at once. The tsunami hit soon, but everyone there 187 (survive). The 2004 tsunami killed over 200,000 people, but no one on that beach died. Thanks 188 Tilly’s knowledge and quick thinking, over 100 lives were saved. This story shows that even a small lesson can make the 189 (big) difference. Although Tilly was the youngest person on the beach, she stayed calmer and acted more quickly than most adults. Not only did she save her own family, but she also helped many 190 (strange). 【答案】181．walking 182．coming 183．earthquakes 184．but 185．the 186．danger 187．survived 188．to 189．biggest 190．strangers 【导语】本文讲述了2004年印度洋海啸发生时，10岁女孩蒂莉·史密斯凭借地理课上学到的知识，及时识别出海啸前兆并成功疏散海滩游客，挽救上百人性命的真实故事。 181．句意：在海滩上散步时，她注意到有奇怪的海浪涌来而非退去。While表示“在……期间”，强调“散步”这个动作发生的同时，她“注意到”海浪的异常，因此用过去进行时；while引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和be动词，故空处填入现在分词；walk的现在分词形式为walking，符合语境。 182．句意：她很快意识到一场海啸即将来临，因为她的地理老师曾教过她，海底地震会引发这样的海浪。结合她在地理课上学过的知识，她立刻意识到接下来会发生什么——海啸即将到来，此处表示过去某一时间点“即将发生”的动作，应用过去进行时；was后用动词的现在分词coming。 183．句意：她很快意识到一场海啸即将来临，因为她的地理老师曾教过她，海底地震会引发这样的海浪。此处泛指“海底地震”这一类自然现象，且无具体数量限定，用复数形式earthquakes表示类别。 184．句意：起初，她的家人不相信她，但蒂莉拒绝继续往前走。前后句为转折关系，故填but。 185．句意：她的母亲留在海滩上，而家里的其他人回到了酒店。“the rest of”为固定短语，意为“其余的”，故填定冠词the。 186．句意：蒂莉的父亲告诉一名保安关于危险的情况，保安立刻清空了海滩。此处应用名词作介词about的宾语，dangerous的名词形式为danger，意为“危险”，为不可数名词，符合语境。 187．句意：海啸很快袭来，但那里的每个人都幸存了下来。结合上下文，此处描述过去的事件用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived。 188．句意：多亏了蒂莉的知识和快速反应，超过100条生命得救。“thanks to”为固定短语，意为“多亏了”，故填介词to。 189．句意：这个故事表明，即使是一堂小小的课也能带来最大的不同。结合上下文可知，这堂课产生了极为重大的影响，此处需用形容词最高级，big的最高级为biggest。 190．句意：她不仅救了自己的家人，还帮助了许多陌生人。many后接可数名词复数，strange“陌生的”是形容词，其名词是stranger“陌生人”，复数形式为strangers。 19 阅读填空阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Saturday afternoon, the sky turned dark suddenly and strong winds blew 191 (heavy). Black clouds covered 192 whole village, and the rain began to fall hard. Everyone felt scared, but 14-year-old Tom kept calm. He told his family and 193 (neighbor) not to panic. Tom remembered what his teacher had taught him about natural disasters. He knew a flash flood may come soon. 194 he was young, he decided to help everyone escape (逃脱). He ran from door to door, knocking loudly and telling people to move to higher places. An old grandma couldn’t walk fast, so Tom helped her get out of the house. He carried her bag and held her hand tightly. The flood came quickly, but Tom didn’t stop. He kept running until all villagers 195 (be) safe. It was the 196 (brave) thing he did in his life. After the flood, the villagers gathered together and talked about Tom’s story. They 197 (bring) fruits to thank him. Tom said he didn’t do anything special, but the villagers praised him for his courage. He often encourages 198 (he) and his friends to face difficulties bravely, because he believes that 199 (help) others is the most meaningful thing. Tom’s story spread in the village. Many students go to his home to learn from him. He prepares some books 200 (teach) his friends about disaster safety. Every time someone talks about him, they say he is a hero who saves the villagers in danger. 【答案】191．heavily 192．the 193．neighbors 194．Although/Though 195．were 196．bravest 197．brought 198．himself 199．helping 200．to teach 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了14岁男孩Tom在山洪暴发时冷静应对、帮助全村人安全转移的故事。文章通过描述Tom的行动和村民们的反应，赞扬了Tom的勇气和助人为乐的精神。 191．句意：上周六下午，天空突然变暗，强风猛烈地吹着。空格处修饰动词“blew”，需用副词形式。heavy的副词为heavily，意为“猛烈地”。故填heavily。 192．句意：黑云覆盖了整个村庄。空格后“whole village”为特指，需用定冠词“the”。“the whole village”意为“整个村庄”。故填the。 193．句意：他告诉他的家人和邻居不要恐慌。空前“his family and”提示空格处需填名词复数形式，与“family”并列。neighbor的复数形式为neighbors。故填neighbors。 194．句意：虽然他年纪小，但他决定帮助大家逃生。前句“he was young”与后句“he decided to help”构成让步关系，需用让步状语从句连词。Although/Though意为“虽然”，符合逻辑。故填Although/Though。 195．句意：他一直跑直到所有村民都安全了。主语“all villagers”为复数，且文章为一般过去时，be动词需用过去式were。故填were。 196．句意：这是他一生中做过的最勇敢的事。空前有定冠词“the”，空后为名词“thing”，提示此处需用形容词最高级。brave的最高级为bravest。故填bravest。 197．句意：他们带来水果感谢他。文章为一般过去时，需用动词过去式。bring的过去式为brought。故填brought。 198．句意：他经常鼓励他自己和他的朋友勇敢面对困难。空格处作动词“encourages”的宾语，且与主语“He”为同一人，需用反身代词。he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。 199．句意：因为他相信帮助别人是最有意义的事情。空格处作主语从句的主语，需用动名词形式。help的动名词为helping。故填helping。 200．句意：他准备了一些书来教他的朋友们关于灾害安全的知识。空格处表目的，需用不定式作目的状语。to teach意为“为了教”。故填to teach。 20 阅读下面短文,根据语境或所给单词的提示, 在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词, 要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确, 使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 There is a saying that “Earthquakes don’t kill people, buildings do.” It seems sadly true. Is there a way to build earthquake-proof buildings? Engineers have some life-saving 201 (idea). “Lift (抬起)” the house up To stop earthquake waves 202 going through the building, one way is to “lift” the building above the ground, according to the company BigRenz in the US. The building can be built on top of pads (垫状物), which are 203 (usual) made of steel (钢) and rubber. During earthquakes, only the pads move and the building stays nearly 204 same.This can reduce the 205 (earthquake) intensity (强度) by 13 to 15 percent. Right materials Earthquake-proof materials must be easy to change their shapes without 206 (break). Some of these materials include steel, wood and bamboo. In Japan, most traditional houses are built with wood 207 it’s safer when an earthquake comes. A strong shape Triangles (三角形) are very strong shapes. When a force comes to one of the sides of the triangles, it will be weaker and less 208 (harm). During the earthquake, triangles can hold the building together when it 209 (shake). Many earthquake-proof buildings use this shape in their design, both inside and outside. Engineers are now trying their 210 (good) to keep buildings standing stronger, and we highly expect their creative designs. 【答案】201．ideas 202．from 203．usually 204．the 205．earthquake’s 206．breaking 207．because 208．harmful 209．shakes 210．best 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了工程师们设计抗震建筑的三种方法：垫高建筑、选用合适材料、利用稳固的三角形结构，同时表达了人们对未来创新抗震设计的期待。 201．句意：工程师们有一些救命的办法。some后接可数名词复数形式，idea为可数名词，因此此处应用其复数形式ideas。 202．句意：为了阻止地震波穿过建筑物，美国BigRenz公司的一种方法是将建筑物抬离地面。固定搭配stop…from doing sth表示“阻止……做某事”。 203．句意：建筑物可以建在垫状物上，这些垫状物通常由钢和橡胶制成。修饰动词made需用副词形式，usual的副词形式为 usually，意为“通常”。 204．句意：地震期间，只有垫状物移动，建筑物几乎保持原样。固定搭配the same表示“同样的、一致的”，此处需加定冠词the。 205．句意：这可以将地震的强度降低13%至15%。此处表示“地震的强度”，应用名词所有格形式，earthquake的所有格为earthquake’s。 206．句意：抗震材料必须易于改变形状且不易断裂。介词without后接动名词形式，break的动名词形式为breaking。 207．句意：在日本，大多数传统房屋用木材建造，因为地震来临时这样更安全。前后两个分句为因果关系，后半句是前半句的原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 208．句意：当外力作用于三角形的一条边时，它会更脆弱，危害性更小。and连接并列的形容词，与weaker保持词性一致，harm的形容词形式为harmful，意为“有害的”。 209．句意：在地震发生、建筑晃动时，三角形结构可以将建筑稳固在一起。主句时态为一般现在时，主语it指代the building，为第三人称单数，因此动词shake用第三人称单数形式shakes。 210．句意：工程师们正尽最大努力让建筑更稳固地屹立不倒，我们十分期待他们富有创意的设计。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”，good的最高级形式为best。 考向六、跨文化交流、中西方文化差异、尊重不同文化 21 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Some foreign students took part in a cultural program of traveling through Henan Province. The four-day cultural program caught 211 students’ interest. They not only learnt more about China but also 212 (build) close relations with the Chinese students they had met. One of 213 (popular) events was the wushu experience at Songshan Shaolin Wushu College, where they saw wushu shows and tried some moves. “The shows were 214 (wonder) . The Shaolin students could even break a piece of glass with needles (针) !” said Kangwa. Kangwa is studying at Henan University of Chinese Medicine now. He became interested in Chinese culture and dreamt 215 being a wushu star years ago. “ 216 could someone fly in the sky and do all these moves? I thought it was hard to explain. But now I see it by 217 (I) ,” he said. “ 218 they taught us some of the moves, it was still difficult,” Kangwa said. “None of us were able to keep up with our young teachers.” Lina Zavialova is a student of Zhengzhou University. “It was surprising for me 219 (learn) that the students here began their training at 4 or 5,” she said. Zavialova also learned that Shaolin Wushu isn’t just about physical exercises. “Students need to learn different kinds of things 220 (careful) . What is the point of doing these moves with an empty brain?” she said. 【答案】211．the 212．built 213．the most popular 214．wonderful 215．of 216．How 217．myself 218．Although/Though 219．to learn 220．carefully 【导语】本文讲述了外国学生参加河南文化之旅，体验少林武术，并表达了对中国文化的兴趣和感受。 211．句意：为期四天的文化之旅引起了学生们的兴趣。空格前为动词“caught”，后为名词“students’ interest”，此处需要限定词。根据语境，指代上文提到的“some foreign students”这些具体学生，应填定冠词“the”表示特指。 212．句意：他们不仅更多地了解了中国，还与遇到的中国学生建立了密切的关系。并列连词“not only...but also...”连接两个谓语动词，前一分句“learnt”为动词的过去式，后一分句也应保持一致。应填build的过去式built。 213．句意：最受欢迎的活动之一是嵩山少林武术学院的武术体验。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”。popular的最高级形式为most popular，且最高级前通常加定冠词the。故填the most popular。 214．句意：表演精彩极了。空格位于be动词“were”之后，作表语修饰“The shows”，应使用形容词形式。故填wonder的形容词wonderful，意为“精彩的”。 215．句意：他多年前就对中国文化产生了兴趣，并梦想成为一名武术明星。“dream of doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。故填of。 216．句意：有人能在空中飞翔并做出所有这些动作吗？空格位于句首，引导一个表示惊讶或不解的疑问句。根据语境“I thought it was hard to explain”，此处询问“如何可能”，应使用疑问副词“how”，此处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填How。 217．句意：但现在我亲眼看到了。根据本句空格前的“by”，结合短语“by+反身代词”意为“亲自、靠自己”，本句主语为I，故填I的反身代词形式myself。 218．句意：虽然他们教了我们一些动作，但仍然很难。前后分句之间存在让步关系（“教了”但“仍然难”），应使用从属连词“Although”或“Though”引导让步状语从句结构。句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 219．句意：对我来说，了解到这里的学生在四五岁就开始训练，真是令人惊讶。根据空格前的“It was surprising for me”，结合固定句型“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语结构，可知，此处要填动词不定式to learn。 220．句意：学生需要仔细学习不同种类的东西。空格修饰动词“learn”，表示方式，应使用副词形式，故填careful的副词carefully，意为“仔细地”。 22 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 India is full of interesting traditional customs that surprise many visitors. Last summer, my cousin traveled to India and shared some funny and special 221 (experience) with me. One of the most interesting customs is about shoes. People there never wear shoes inside temples or someone’s home, not only to keep clean but also to show respect to the place or family. My cousin once forgot this rule and felt very 222 (embarrass), but the local people were kind and 223 (gentle) told him the custom. Another tunny custom is about food. Indians love spicy food very much, and they often eat with their right hands. They think eating with hands makes the food more 224 and it is also a way to show their love for traditional 225 (eat) habits. During festivals, Indians wear bright and beautiful clothes. They also paint their hands with colorful patterns called “mehndi”, which is a symbol of 226 (happy) and good luck. Cows are still special there—you can even see them walking freely in the streets, and people often give them food to show their 227 (kind). When you visit India, remember to follow these customs. It not only helps you avoid mistakes but also lets you know the local culture 228 (well). These interesting customs make India a special country, and they are worth 229 (learn) about and respecting. After all, understanding different customs can make our world more 230 (wonder). 【答案】221．experiences 222．embarrassed 223．gently 224．delicious 225．eating 226．happiness 227．kindness 228．better 229．learning 230．wonderful 【导语】本文介绍了印度有趣的传统习俗。 221．句意：我的表哥去印度旅行，并与我分享了一些有趣的和特殊的经历。根据前面的“some”可知，是一些习俗，故使用所给单词的复数形式，应填experiences。 222．句意：我的表哥曾经忘记了这个规则并感到非常尴尬。此处需要一个形容词作表语，根据所给单词可知，embarrassed尴尬的符合题意，故应填embarrassed。 223．句意：但是当地人非常友善，温和地告诉他这个习俗。这里需要副词来修饰动词told，故根据所给单词，应填gently。 224．句意：他们认为用手吃东西会让食物变得更好吃，这也是他们展示对传统饮食习惯的爱的一种方式。make 后接形容词比较级，delicious 为多音节形容词，比较级是 more delicious，空格前已有 more，故填形容词原级 delicious。 225．句意：他们认为用手吃东西会让食物变得更好吃，这也是他们展示对传统饮食习惯的爱的一种方式。eating habits为固定搭配，意为饮食习惯，符合题意，故填eating habits。 226．句意：她们还用色彩斑斓的图案在手上作画，这种图案被称为“美黑迪”，是幸福和好运的象征。a symbol of后面接名词，且and连接幸福和好运，两者应该是并列关系，故应填所给词的名词形式，应填happiness。 227．句意：在那里，牛仍然很特别——你甚至能看到它们在街上自由漫步，人们还常常给它们喂食以示友善。their为形容词性物主代词，后面接名词，根据所给单词kind可知，应填其名词形式，故填kindness。 228．句意：这不仅能够帮你避免错误，还能让你更好地了解当地的文化。根据句意，应填所给单词的比较级，故填better。 229．句意：这些有趣的习俗使印度成为一个特别的国家，它们值得去了解和尊重。be worth doing值得做某事，是固定搭配，故根据所给单词，应填learning。 230．句意：了解不同的习俗会让我们的世界更精彩。“make sth+形容词比较级”意为“使……变得更……”，由于空格前面有more，故直接填所给单词的形容词形式wonderful。 23 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. However, there are some rules about how to use them 231 (proper). Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very 232 (polite) and even considered unlucky in some cultures. Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. It is 233 (proper) to reach for food. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them around when you talk. It is seen as 234 (friendly) and rude. 235 (last) but not least, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little 236 (challenge). Many people feel 237 (confuse) at first, because there are many rules to remember. Some people even feel 238 (embarrass) when they drop food or use chopsticks the wrong way. But don’t worry. With practice, you will get better. The key is to keep trying. It’s 239 (common) to make mistakes when learning something new. Soon, you’ll find that using chopsticks is not as difficult as you think. It’s 240 (interest) to learn about different table manners around the world. 【答案】231．properly 232．impolite 233．improper 234．unfriendly 235．Last 236．challenging 237．confused 238．embarrassed 239．common 240．interesting 【导语】本文介绍了亚洲国家使用筷子的相关礼仪规则，强调了正确使用筷子的重要性，同时也鼓励人们通过练习掌握筷子用法，了解不同的餐桌礼仪。 231．句意：然而，有一些关于如何正确使用筷子的规则。根据“修饰动词use需用副词”可知，proper的副词形式是properly。 232．句意：那是非常不礼貌的，在一些文化中甚至被认为是不吉利的。根据“把筷子插在食物里是不礼貌的行为”可知，此处需用polite的反义词impolite。 233．句意：其次，不要用筷子把餐盘拉到自己面前。伸手去够食物是不合礼仪的。考查形容词反义词，固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.。proper意为 “合适的、合乎礼仪的”，结合筷子礼仪常识，直接伸手够饭菜是不礼貌的，需用反义词improper。 234．句意：这被视为不友好且粗鲁的。根据“用筷子指别人或说话时挥舞筷子是不礼貌的”可知，此处需用friendly的反义词unfriendly。 235．句意：最后但同样重要的是，要正确握筷子。根据固定短语“last but not least（最后但同样重要的是）” 可知，此处需用last，句首单词首字母需大写。 236．句意：使用筷子看起来容易，但实际上可能有点有挑战性。根据“a little后接形容词”可知，challenge的形容词形式是challenging，表示 “有挑战性的”。 237．句意：很多人一开始会感到困惑，因为有很多规则要记住。根据“feel后接形容词修饰人”可知，confuse修饰人时用confused，表示“感到困惑的”。 238．句意：有些人掉食物或用错筷子方式时甚至会感到尴尬。根据“feel后接形容词修饰人”可知，embarrass修饰人时用embarrassed，表示“感到尴尬的”。 239．句意：学习新事物时犯错是很常见的。根据“学习新事物犯错是正常现象”可知，此处用形容词common 表示 “常见的、普遍的”。 240．句意：了解世界各地不同的餐桌礼仪是很有趣的。根据“It’s后接形容词修饰事物”可知，interest修饰事物时用interesting，表示 “有趣的”。 24 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traveling to a foreign country can be exciting, but it can also be challenging 241 you don’t know the local customs. When 242 (compare) customs between China and Brazil, we can find some similarities. For example, it is not polite 243 (talk) with your mouth full in both countries. This shows that good manners are 244 (universal) accepted. But there are also some differences. In China, we use chopsticks to eat, 245 people in Brazil use a knife and fork. Also, in China, it’s polite to arrive a little early for a visit. But in some countries, people think it is rude 246 (arrive) too early. As for gift-giving, in China, we usually give gifts with both hands 247 show respect. In Brazil, people may open gifts immediately 248 they receive them. It’s important 249 (remember) that “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. If you understand and respect cultural differences, you will get along 250 (good) with people around the world. 【答案】241．when 242．comparing 243．to talk 244．universally 245．while 246．to arrive 247．to 248．when 249．to remember 250．well 【导语】本文通过对比中国与巴西在餐桌礼仪、拜访习惯、赠送礼物等方面的文化差异，强调了入乡随俗的重要性，并指出尊重文化差异有助于与世界各地的人更好地相处。 241．句意：去国外旅行可能令人兴奋，但当你不了解当地风俗的时候，也可能充满挑战。此处可用“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。 242．句意：当比较中国和巴西的风俗时，我们可以发现一些相似之处。“When + 现在分词”结构作时间状语，主语“we”与“compare”为主动关系，需用现在分词“comparing”。 243．句意：在这两个国家，嘴里塞满食物时说话都是不礼貌的。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 244．句意：这表明良好的礼仪是被普遍接受的。修饰动词“accepted”，需用副词形式作状语。“universal”的副词形式为“universally”，意为“普遍地”。 245．句意：在中国，我们用筷子吃饭，而巴西人用刀叉。前半句说中国用筷子，后半句说巴西人用刀叉，前后句为对比关系，需用连词“while”，表示“然而”。 246．句意：但在一些国家，人们认为到得太早是不礼貌的。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 247．句意：在中国，我们通常用双手送礼物以示尊重。此处用动词不定式“to show”作目的状语，表示“为了表示”。 248．句意：在巴西，人们可能会在收到礼物的时候立刻打开。此处可用“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。 249．句意：记住“入乡随俗”很重要。“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 250．句意：如果你理解并尊重文化差异，你就能与世界各地的人更好地相处。修饰动词短语“get along”，需用副词形式作状语。“well”意为“好地”，符合句意，get along well with为固定短语，意为“与……相处融洽”。 考向七、读好书、学道理 25 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics, and they are well worth 251 (read). For example, The Iliad (《伊利亚特》), written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 252 same time. China has 253 (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books 254 (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, some people advise students 255 (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 256 (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 257 they are long and have complex (复杂的) plots. But they are great 258 (story) that also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested 259 learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. 260 (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 【答案】251．reading 252．the 253．its 254．were written 255．to read 256．newer 257．because 258．stories 259．in 260．Slowly 【导语】本文围绕中西方经典文学作品展开，介绍了经典文学的特点、历史背景及阅读意义，呼吁读者了解并爱上经典文学。 【详解】251．句意：这些是文学经典，它们很值得阅读。“be worth doing”是固定搭配，表示“值得做某事”，此处应该用read的动名词形式reading。 252．句意：也就是说，我们可以同时具有英雄气概和愚蠢的一面。“at the same time”固定搭配，表示“同时”，应填定冠词the。 253．句意：中国有它自己悠久的古典文学史，可以追溯到“四书五经”。该处需一个形容词性物主代词，在句中作定语修饰名词history；结合括号内提示词it，需转换为形容词性物主代词its。 254．句意：这些书写于秦朝之前。该处需一个动词的被动语态形式，在句中作谓语；根据主语These books与write为被动关系，且时间状语“before the Qin Dynasty”表示过去，主语为复数，需用一般过去时的被动语态were written。 255．句意：即使在今天，一些人仍建议学生阅读《论语》。“advise sb to do sth”是固定搭配，表示 “建议某人做某事”，此处应该用动词不定式to read。 256．句意：也有比上述作品稍晚的经典，比如《西游记》和《红楼梦》。“than”表示此处应该用比较级形式newer，句中作定语修饰名词classics。 257．句意：不过，很多人不想读它们，因为它们篇幅长且情节复杂。此处前后句为因果关系（前果后因），因此用because引导原因状语从句。 258．句意：但它们是很好的故事，也展现了人性的善与弱点。主语they指代前文的classics（复数），此处应该用名词复数形式stories。 259．句意：你有兴趣了解更多关于经典的知识吗？“be interested in”是固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣”，应填介词in。 260．句意：慢慢地，但肯定地，你会爱上它们的。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语修饰整个句子；slow的副词形式是slowly，句首首字母大写。 26 阅读下面短文并填空，填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词。 Long ago, there was a small village near a mountain. People in the village often 261 (argue) and fought over the things that they needed. And they thought working with others was awful. One day, wise Alex came to the village. He wanted to teach the villagers about the 262 (important) of teamwork. He noticed 263 heavy stone in the middle of the village square. Alex told the leader of the village, “The stone is 264 (value). You can hold a meeting to tell the villagers about this. 265 the person can carry the stone to the top of the mountain, he can get it.” At first, everyone was silent when they heard the news. But after a while, a strong villager stepped forward to have a try. His strong body was one of his 266 (strength). However, he failed. Then some other villagers tried one 267 one. They failed, too. Alex then advised them 268 (move) it together. The villagers followed the 269 (suggest). To the villagers’ surprise, they could 270 (move) the heavy stone finally. Alex smiled and said, “Many hands make light work.” This task certainly played a key role in showing them the power of working together. 【答案】261．argued 262．importance 263．a 264．valuable 265．If 266．strengths 267．by 268．to move 269．suggestion 270．move 【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，讲述了智者Alex通过“搬石头”的任务，让习惯争吵、不懂合作的村民体会到团队合作的力量，最终明白“众人拾柴火焰高”的道理。 261．句意：村里的人们经常为需要的东西争吵和打斗。根据前文“Long ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。argue的过去式为argued，符合语境。 262．句意：他想教村民团队合作的重要性。“the importance of...”是固定短语，意为“……的重要性”，此处需用important的名词形式importance，符合“teach the villagers about...”的语境。 263．句意：他注意到村庄广场中央有一块很重的石头。stone是可数名词单数，且“heavy”以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，表示“一块很重的石头”。 264．句意：这块石头很有价值。此处需用value的形容词形式valuable作表语，描述石头的属性，“be valuable”意为“有价值的”，符合语境。 265．句意：如果谁能把石头搬到山顶，他就能得到它。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，需用if，句首单词首字母大写。 266．句意：他强壮的身体是他的优势之一。“one of+可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……之一”，strength的复数形式为strengths，符合语境。 267．句意：然后其他村民一个接一个地尝试。“one by one”是固定短语，意为“一个接一个地”，符合村民依次尝试的语境。 268．句意：Alex建议他们一起搬石头。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“建议某人做某事”，需用move的不定式形式to move，符合语境。 269．句意：村民们听从了这个建议。此处需用suggest的名词形式suggestion，且根据前文“the”可知，特指Alex的建议，用单数形式即可，符合“follow the suggestion”的语境。 270．句意：令村民惊讶的是，他们最终搬动了这块大石头。情态动词“could”后接动词原形move，符合“could+动词原形”的结构，描述村民成功搬动石头的结果。 27 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you love reading books, you must know something about the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. The book is very successful. And it is popular among kids at home 271 abroad. Even if I am an adult now, I’m still a fan of this book. I 272 (read) the book for many times. After re-reading the book 273 (recent), I have learned an important lesson 274 Tom Sawyer. In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or 275 (tire) tasks. Have you ever wanted to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have. Tom Sawyer, however, had a different thought when he was given a boring task. One day, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence (篱笆). Tom 276 (do) his job when his friend Ben Rogers happened to pass by. Instead of complaining, Tom introduced the task and said that he felt “excited” about it. “Only one in 277 thousand — maybe even two thousand — boys can do this!” Tom said. Tom’s words made Ben become interested in the task. He even 278 (give) Tom his apple so that he could have a chance 279 (paint) the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence. This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is 280 (use). 【答案】271．and 272．have read 273．recently 274．from 275．tiring 276．was doing 277．a 278．gave 279．to paint 280．useless 【导语】本文主要介绍了马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》是一本成功的书籍，深受国内外儿童喜爱。作者重读此书后，从汤姆·索亚身上学到抱怨是无用的，换个心态做事更有智慧。 271．句意：这本书在国内外的孩子中都很受欢迎。at home and abroad意为 “国内外”，用并列连词 and 连接。 272．句意：我已经读过这本书很多次了。时间状语for many times表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语为I，故填have read。 273．句意：最近重读这本书后，我从汤姆・索亚身上学到了重要的一课。此处修饰动词re-reading，需用副词形式，recent的副词是recently。 274．句意：我从汤姆・索亚身上学到了重要的一课。learn a lesson from sb.意为 “从某人身上学到道理”，故填介词from。 275．句意：在日常生活中，我们经常被分配一些无聊又累人的任务。修饰名词tasks (事物) ，用-ing结尾的形容词tiring，意为 “累人的、令人疲惫的”。 276．句意：汤姆正在干活，这时他的朋友本・罗杰斯碰巧路过。sb. was doing sth. when…是固定句型，意为 “某人正在做某事，这时……”，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，主语为Tom，故填was doing。 277．句意：一千个男孩里—— 至两千个里——只有一个能做这件事！one in a thousand “千分之一、极少数”，thousand以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 278．句意：他甚至把自己的苹果给了汤姆，这样他就有机会刷篱笆。全文讲述过去的故事，用一般过去时，give的过去式是gave。 279．句意：他甚至把自己的苹果给了汤姆，这样他就有机会刷篱笆。have a chance to do sth.是固定搭配，意为 “有机会做某事”，故填to paint。 280．句意：抱怨是没用的。根据全文主旨 “抱怨无用”，需用use的形容词否定形式useless“无用的”。 28 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Greg Heffley is a middle school student. He 281 (seem) to be a “problem child”. He has trouble with family and friends. He plays video games too much. He daydreams a lot. But he is popular around the world. In fact, Greg is the main character in Diary of a Wimpy Kid. It is an illustrated book series by US author Jeff Kinney. The first book in the series was printed in 2007.Over the years, his books have been 282 (translation) into 40 languages and sold more than 150 million 283 (copy). In one of the books, Greg continues his adventures. His dad buys him a French horn (圆号). 284 , he finds that he has no interest in learning it. His visit with a new friend goes wrong. Greg’s mother gets 285 (anger) with him because he plays too many video games. So he decides 286 (try) something new. The 287 (eleven) book is a Halloween-themed book, “There is a series of scary books that Greg’s classmates love, and he gets 288 invitation to a Halloween party.“ Jeff told Time for Kids. The book series always focuses (关注) on childhood. That’s 289 the books are so popular. “I’m trying to look at children from a different angle (角度) each time and cover the whole experience of 290 (be) a kid,” Jeff told Time for Kids. If you want to know what it means to be a kid, just read Greg’s story. 【答案】281．seems 282．translated 283．copies 284．However 285．angry 286．to try 287．eleventh 288．an 289．why 290．being 【导语】本文介绍了《小屁孩日记》系列丛书的主角格雷格·赫夫利，讲述了这套书的背景、内容特点及受欢迎的原因。 281．句意：他似乎是个“问题孩子”。句子为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，seem需变为第三人称单数形式seems。 282．句意：这些书已被翻译成40种语言，销量超过1.5亿册。句子为现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have been done，translation对应动词为translate，需变为过去分词translated。 283．句意：这些书已被翻译成40种语言，销量超过1.5亿册。数词150 million后接可数名词复数，copy需变为复数copies。 284．句意：他爸爸给他买了一支法式圆号，然而，他发现自己对学习它没有兴趣。前后句为转折关系，空处位于句首且用逗号隔开，填转折副词However。 285．句意：格雷格的妈妈因为他玩太多电子游戏而生他的气。固定搭配get angry with sb.表示“生某人的气”，anger需变为形容词angry。 286．句意：所以他决定尝试一些新的东西。固定搭配decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，try需变为不定式to try。 287．句意：第十一本书是一本以万圣节为主题的书。表示“第几本”需用序数词，eleven需变为序数词eleventh。 288．句意：他收到了一个万圣节派对的邀请。invitation是以元音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词an。 289．句意：这就是这些书如此受欢迎的原因。固定句型That’s why...表示“这就是……的原因”，填连词why。 290．句意：每次我都试着从不同的角度看待孩子，涵盖作为一个孩子的全部经历。介词of后接动名词，be需变为being。 考向八、志愿服务及其意义，帮助他人，回馈社会 29 请认真阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Volunteering is becoming more and more popular in China. People of all ages are willing to v 291 their time to help others. Last weekend, I joined a volunteer group to help the old people in the nursing home. We b 292 some flowers and fruits for them. When we arrived, the old people were very happy to see us. We talked with them and listened to their stories. Some of them told us about their past experiences. We also helped them c 293 their rooms and wash their clothes. After that, we put on a small show for them. We sang songs and danced. The old people laughed and cheered happily. I felt very tired after the activity, but I also felt very happy. I learned that helping others can bring us a lot of j 294 . It also makes us more responsible and k 295 . Volunteering is not only good for the people we help, but also good for o 296 . It gives us a chance to make new friends and learn new skills. It also helps us u 297 the world better. I hope more and more people will j 298 the volunteer group. If everyone gives a little love, the world will become a b 299 place. Let’s work t 300 to make our world more beautiful. 【答案】291．volunteer/olunteer 292．brought/rought 293．clean/lean 294．joy/oy 295．kind/ind 296．ourselves/urselves 297．understand/nderstand 298．join/oin 299．better/etter 300．together/ogether 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参加志愿者活动去敬老院帮助老人的经历和感受。 【详解】291．句意：各个年龄段的人都愿意自愿花时间帮助别人。结合语境志愿活动，此处指人们自愿献出时间帮助他人，be willing to后接动词原形，故填volunteer“自愿做，志愿献出”。 292．句意：我们给他们带了一些花和水果。事件发生在上周末，用一般过去时，此处指我们给老人带去花和水果，bring的过去式是brought。 293．句意：我们还帮助他们打扫房间和洗衣服。此处指帮助老人打扫房间，help sb do sth结构，用动词原形clean。 294．句意：帮助别人能给我们带来很多快乐。帮助他人会带来很多快乐，joy是不可数名词，符合首字母和语境。 295．句意：它让我们更有责任心和更友善。此处和形容词responsible并列，指志愿活动让我们更善良，故填kind。 296．句意：志愿服务不仅对我们帮助的人有好处，对我们自己也有好处。此处句意：志愿活动不仅对我们帮助的人好，对我们自己也好，反身代词ourselves符合语境。 297．句意：它也帮助我们更好地理解世界。此处指志愿活动帮助我们更好地理解世界，help sb do sth结构，用动词原形understand。 298．句意：我希望越来越多的人加入志愿者团体。此处指希望更多人加入志愿团队，will后接动词原形，故填join。 299．句意：世界将变得更美好。人人献出一点爱，世界会变成更好的地方，暗含比较，用good的比较级better，符合语境。 300．句意：让我们共同努力让我们的世界更美丽。此处指让我们一起努力让世界更美好，work together表示“一起努力”，故填together。 30 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Blue Sky Rescue (BSR蓝天救援队) is a Chinese volunteer team. It brings help and hope to people in floods, earthquakes or other natural 301 (disaster). The members in BSR all need training to be 302 (prepare). They also lean how to use rescue tools and how to help people who are 303 (injure). In 2021, a sudden flood 304 (hit) a small town in Henan and caused heavy losses. On hearing the news, BSR headed there immediately with first-aid kits, flashlights and 305 (cook) food. As soon as they arrived there. They started to help people 306 need. They put up tents for those who had lost 307 (they) homes and took care of people who got hurt. Rescuing work is not easy. For example, there 308 (be) usually no electricity or water after a disaster, Also, there may be much danger around. And it takes time and courage to save people’s 309 (life). We may not know the names of the rescue workers, but we can take 310 (action) to support them. They are really heroes. 【答案】301．disasters 302．prepared 303．injured 304．hit 305．cooked 306．in 307．their 308．is 309．lives 310．action 【导语】本文介绍了中国志愿者团队“蓝天救援队（BSR）”的基本情况，包括队员的训练、2021年河南洪灾中的救援行动，以及救援工作的艰辛，呼吁人们支持这些英雄。 【详解】301．句意：它给处于洪灾、地震或其他自然灾害中的人们带来帮助和希望。“disaster”为可数名词，由“other”修饰，应用复数形式disasters。 302．句意：BSR的成员都需要训练以做好准备。此处作表语，表示“准备好的”，应用形容词prepared，be prepared意为“做好准备的”。 303．句意：他们还学习如何使用救援工具以及如何帮助受伤的人。此处作表语，表示“受伤的”，应用形容词injured。 304．句意：2021年，一场突如其来的洪水袭击了河南的一个小镇，造成了严重损失。根据“In 2021”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，hit的过去式仍为hit。 305．句意：BSR立即带着急救包、手电筒和熟食赶往那里。此处修饰名词“food”，表示“煮熟的食物”，应用过去分词cooked作定语。 306．句意：他们一到达那里，就开始帮助有需要的人。“in need”为固定短语，意为“有需要的”，故填介词in。 307．句意：他们为那些失去了家园的人搭建帐篷。“homes”是名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词their修饰。 308．句意：例如，灾难过后通常没有电和水。此处为there be句型，遵循“就近原则”，“electricity”为不可数名词，且描述一般性事实用一般现在时，故填is。 309．句意：拯救人们的生命需要时间和勇气。“life”为可数名词，由“people’s”修饰，表示多人的生命，应用复数形式lives。 310．句意：但我们可以采取行动来支持他们。“take action”为固定短语，意为“采取行动”，action为不可数名词。 31 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a sunny morning in Beijing, about 40 people “watched” the Chinese street dance film One and Only. We could tell they were enjoying the film from their facial 311 (express). Xu Wei, who suffers from an eye disease, was one of 312 (they). This film is not the same as others. When the actors stop 313 (talk), audio (音频) descriptions explain what is happening on screen, allowing people 314 (follow) the story closely. “I’ve come here four times to enjoy these films. It 315 (true) means a lot to me,” Xu says. The film was made by Guangming Cinema, and so far, over 800 316 (volunteer) have helped make the special films. It takes about 28 days to finish one film, and they have successfully made more than 800! These films are 317 (importance) for people who have 318 (lose) their good eyesight. Some films are shown in special schools, and some are free online. In their spare time, 319 (this) people can enjoy art and talk about the films with others. These wonderful films make their lives 320 (good) and happier. 【答案】311．expressions 312．them 313．talking 314．to follow 315．truly 316．volunteers 317．important 318．lost 319．these 320．better 【导语】本文介绍了为视障人士制作的无障碍电影，讲述了这类电影的制作背景、意义，以及给视障人群生活带来的积极改变。 【详解】311．句意：我们可以从他们的面部表情看出他们很享受这部电影。“facial expressions”是固定搭配，表示“面部表情”，express的名词形式是expression，此处用复数expressions。 312．句意：患有眼疾的徐薇是他们中的一员。“one of”后接宾格代词，指代前面的“40 people”，所以they变为宾格them。 313．句意：当演员停止说话时，音频描述会解释屏幕上发生的事情。“stop doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“停止正在做的事”，所以talk变为动名词talking。 314．句意：让人们能够紧密跟随故事情节。“allow sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，所以用不定式to follow。 315．句意：“这对我来说真的意义重大，”徐薇说。“means”是动词，需要用副词修饰，true的副词形式是truly。 316．句意：到目前为止，已有超过800名志愿者帮助制作这些特殊电影。“over 800”后接可数名词复数，volunteer的复数形式是volunteers。 317．句意：这些电影对已经失去良好视力的人很重要。“are”后接形容词作表语，importance的形容词形式是important。 318．句意：这些电影对已经失去良好视力的人很重要。“have +过去分词”构成现在完成时，lose的过去分词是lost。 319．句意：在空闲时间，这些人可以欣赏艺术并和他人谈论电影。“people”是复数名词，前面用指示代词复数these修饰。 320．句意：这些精彩的电影让他们的生活变得更好、更快乐。“and happier”提示此处用比较级，good的比较级是better。 32 阅读下面短文并填空，填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词。 Mr. White is a 70-year-old man. His two sons work in America, so he lives alone in China. They only come back home during the Spring Festival. His neighbor, Gina, is 321 warm-hearted girl. She is always ready 322 (help) people around her. One cold afternoon, Gina knocked at Mr. White’s door to send him some hot dumplings made by 323 (she). She knocked again and again, but no one answered. “How strange! Mr. White always opens the door for me quickly. 324 he is very old, his hearing is good. There must be something wrong 325 him today,” Gina worried. So she 326 (call) some neighbors to open the door right away. When they got into the house, they saw the old man 327 (lie) on the floor. He had a sudden heart problem. Gina and her neighbors took Mr. White to the 328 (near) hospital at once. 329 (Luck), Mr. White got better after three days’ treatment. “I can’t imagine what would happen if you didn’t find me. I’m so lucky to have such kind neighbors,” Mr. White said with 330 (tear) in his eyes. 【答案】321．a 322．to help 323．herself 324．Although/Though 325．with 326．called 327．lying 328．nearest 329．Luckily 330．tears 【导语】本文讲述了一位独居老人突发心脏病，被热心的邻居Gina及时发现并送往医院救治的故事。 【详解】321．句意：他的邻居Gina是一个热心的女孩。“girl”是可数名词单数，且“warm-hearted”以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词“a”表示“一个”。因此填入a。 322．句意：她总是准备好帮助她周围的人。“be ready to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“准备好做某事”，因此需要填入动词不定式to help。 323．句意：一个寒冷的下午，Gina敲了White先生的门，给他送一些她自己做的热饺子。 空处表示“她自己做的”，需用反身代词herself，“by herself”意为“靠她自己”。 324．句意：虽然他年纪很大了，但他的听力很好。前后句存在让步关系，Although/Though意为“虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境。 325．句意：今天他一定出了什么事。空处所在句子结构为“something wrong ____ him”，“There is something wrong with sb.”是固定句型，意为“某人出了某事/某人有毛病”，因此填入with。 326．句意：所以她立刻打电话给一些邻居来开门。根据上下文时态，文章使用一般过去时，此处需用“call”的过去式called。 327．句意：当他们进入房子时，他们看到老人正躺在地上。“see sb. doing sth.”意为“看到某人正在做某事”，因此需要填入现在分词lying。 328．句意：Gina和她的邻居们立刻把White先生送到了最近的医院。空处所在句子表示“最近的医院”，需用“near”的最高级nearest。 329．句意：幸运的是，White先生经过三天的治疗后好多了。此处需用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，“Luck”的副词形式是Luckily，意为“幸运地是”。 330．句意：White先生眼里含着泪水说。“tear”表示“泪水”时常用复数形式“tears”，因此填入tears。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 期末必考题 语法填空专项训练 ◇Part 01 考向汇总 范围 考向 内容 Unit 1 - Unit 8 考向一 考查话题：平时的爱好、空闲时间的娱乐放松活动 考向二 考查话题：安全、健康知识、保持健康 考向三 考查话题：成长过程中的问题，人生的一些道理，改善情绪 考向四 考查话题：自然奇观介绍，呼吁保护自然 考向五 考查话题：自然灾害，防灾救灾，灾难中人们互相救助 考向六 考查话题：跨文化交流、中西方文化差异、尊重不同文化 考向七 考查话题：读好书、学道理 考向八 考查话题：志愿服务及其意义，帮助他人，回馈社会 ◇Part 02 考题实战 考向一、平时的爱好、空闲时间的娱乐放松活动 01 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It can be hard to make time for a hobby when we have many important things to do. But hobbies might be 1 (important) than you think. Physical hobbies 2 going hiking or playing tennis can help you to stay healthy. They keep you fit, and they can even lower stress and improve your memory and concentration. Other types of hobbies can also keep us healthy. Some 3 (science) believe that making music can lower our blood pressure and make our body stronger. This makes it harder for us to fall sick. Playing 4 instrument also keeps our brains young. Hobbies are also good for your emotional well-being. Creative hobbies like painting or writing can help you deal with negative emotions by 5 (give) you a way to express how you feel. They can even make you feel good about 6 (you)! 7 , while hobbies have many benefits, it is important to find the right balance. Playing computer games or 8 (chat) online maybe fun, but such hobbies usually involve a lot of screen time. That could cause problems such as eye strain or poor sleep. These activities are also usually done 9 (lonely), and that could cause some people to feel lonely. Why not 10 (choose) an outdoor hobby instead? In a word, regardless of what your hobby is, it is important to make time for it. 【答案】1．more important 2．like 3．scientists 4．an 5．giving 6．yourself 7．However 8．chatting 9．alone 10．choose 【导语】本文主要介绍了爱好对身心健康的重要性，包括不同类型爱好的益处、过度使用屏幕的弊端，以及如何平衡爱好等。 【详解】1．句意：但爱好可能比你想象的更重要。空后有than，空处应用比较级，多音节形容词important的比较级是more important。 2．句意：像徒步旅行或打网球这样的体育爱好可以帮助你保持健康。空后“going hiking or playing tennis”是在进行举例，且都是动名词形式，空处表示“比如”，应填介词like。 3．句意：一些科学家认为，演奏音乐可以降低我们的血压，使我们的身体更强壮。some后接可数名词复数，此处表示“科学家”，用scientist的复数形式scientists。 4．句意：演奏乐器也能保持我们的大脑年轻。此处表示泛指“演奏一种乐器”，instrument以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an表泛指。 5．句意：像绘画或写作这样的创造性爱好可以通过给你一种表达自己感受的方式来帮助你处理负面情绪。介词by后接动词的动名词形式，give的动名词形式为giving。 6．句意：它们甚至能让你自我感觉良好！此处表示感到“你自己”很好，用you的反身代词yourself。 7．句意：然而，虽然爱好有很多好处，但找到适当的平衡点很重要。前文介绍爱好的好处，后文转折说明要平衡爱好，空后有逗号，故填转折副词However，句首首字母大写。 8．句意：玩电脑游戏或在线聊天可能很有趣，但这些爱好通常需要大量的屏幕时间。此处和前文动名词Playing并列作主语，所以用chat的动名词形式chatting。 9．句意：这些活动通常都是独自完成的，这可能会让一些人感到孤独。此处修饰动词done，要用副词，结合语境表示“独自地”，故用lonely的副词形式alone。 10．句意：为什么不选择一个户外爱好呢？Why not后接动词原形是固定搭配，所以用choose。 02 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Nowadays, many students have to deal 11 heavy schoolwork every day. Taking part in wonderful free-time activities can 12 (help) them relax from heavy study. There are many kinds of choices, such as reading books, playing ball games and collecting 13 (stamp). Some students may feel worried about how to balance study and hobbies, 14 there is no need to be too nervous. Experts often advise us 15 (develop) one or two hobbies and stick to them in our free time. We can cheer 16 (we) up by doing what we truly love. Playing board games is one of 17 (popular) ways to have fun with friends and family. It can not only make us 18 (joy) but also be good for our brain. In 19 study, for example, researchers from the University of Oregon found that children who moved pieces on a numbered path were better at math. More 20 (important), board games can help us with important social skills. If we play board games often, we will learn to wait, share, and work with others. 【答案】11．with 12．help 13．stamps 14．but 15．to develop 16．ourselves 17．the most popular 18．joyful 19．a 20．importantly 【导语】本文讲述了学生平衡学业与爱好的方式，介绍了桌游的趣味与益处，倡导培养健康爱好、提升社交能力。 【详解】11．句意：如今，许多学生每天不得不应对繁重的课业。固定搭配deal with表示“处理、应对”，故填介词with。 12．句意：参与精彩的课余活动可以帮助他们从繁重的学习中放松。情态动词can后接动词原形，故填help。 13．句意：有很多种选择，例如读书、打球和集邮。stamp为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用复数形式stamps。 14．句意：一些学生可能会担心如何平衡学习和爱好，但不必太过焦虑。前后分句为转折关系，故填转折连词but。 15．句意：专家经常建议我们培养一两个爱好，并在空闲时间坚持下去。固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人做某事”，故填to develop。 16．句意：我们可以通过做自己真正热爱的事让自己振作起来。主语为We，宾语指代主语自身，需用反身代词ourselves。 17．句意：桌游是和亲友玩乐最受欢迎的方式之一。固定结构one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”，popular的最高级为most popular，最高级前用the修饰。 18．句意：它不仅能让我们开心，还对我们的大脑有益。固定结构make sb.+形容词表示“使某人……”，joy的形容词形式为joyful。 19．句意：例如，在一项研究中，俄勒冈大学的研究人员发现，在数字路径上移动棋子的孩子更擅长数学。此处泛指“一项研究”，study为辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 20．句意：更重要的是，桌游可以帮助我们掌握重要的社交技能。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式，important的副词为importantly，More importantly意为“更重要的是”。 03 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(每空不多于两词)。 Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables and looking 21 animals. Some hobbies are relaxing and others are active. Hobbies can make you 22 (grow) as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills. David Smith is a student, and one of his 23 (hobby) is writing. During the summer of 2010, he 24 (spend) four weeks at a summer camp. And there was a writing class. “The teacher was a writer, and she asked us 25 (talk) about our lives and tell interesting 26 (story). Then she 27 (encourage) us to write about our experiences at the camp.” Back at school, David 28 (write) a story about the life of 29 sixteen-year-old boy, and it came out 30 (successful) as a book in 2012. Now many young people love his book, and as a result, David 31 (become) successful. David is very lucky because his hobby brings him pleasure and success. 32 writing is not his only hobby. He is also interested 33 many other things. “I like playing volleyball too,” says David. “I spend some of 34 (I) free time playing volleyball for my school team. Maybe I 35 (write) about my volleyball team in my future books.” 【答案】21．after 22．grow 23．hobbies 24．spent 25．to talk 26．stories 27．encouraged 28．wrote 29．a 30．successfully 31．has become 32．But 33．in 34．my 35．will write 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了学生David Smith以写作为爱好，通过参加夏令营、受到老师鼓励，最终成功出版书籍的故事，并说明爱好能给人带来快乐和成功。 【详解】21．句意：许多学生有爱好，比如阅读、绘画、种植蔬菜和照顾动物。固定短语look after意为“照看、照顾”，符合语境。 22．句意：爱好能促进你的个人成长，发展兴趣并帮助你学习新技能。make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”，make为使役动词，后接省略to的动词不定式作宾补，因此用动词原形。 23．句意：David Smith是一名学生，他的爱好之一是写作。“one of + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，hobby需变为复数形式hobbies。 24．句意：在2010年夏天，他在一个夏令营度过了四周。时间状语“During the summer of 2010”表示过去，应用一般过去时，spend的过去式为spent。 25．句意：老师是一位作家，她让我们谈论我们的生活并讲述有趣的故事。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，此处需填动词不定式to talk。 26．句意：老师是一位作家，她让我们谈论我们的生活并讲述有趣的故事。story为可数名词，此处表示泛指的多个故事，需用复数形式stories。 27．句意：然后她鼓励我们写我们在夏令营的经历。上下文描述的是过去夏令营的事情，需用一般过去时，encourage的过去式为encouraged。 28．句意：回到学校后，David写了一个关于一个十六岁男孩生活的故事，这个故事在 2012 年顺利出版成书。上下文时间背景为过去，需用一般过去时，write的过去式为wrote。 29．句意：回到学校后，David写了一个关于一个十六岁男孩生活的故事，这个故事在 2012 年顺利出版成书。此处表示“一个十六岁的男孩”，泛指且sixteen以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 30．句意：回到学校后，David写了一个关于一个十六岁男孩生活的故事，这个故事在 2012 年顺利出版成书。此处修饰动词短语“came out”，需用副词形式，successful的副词形式为successfully。 31．句意：现在许多年轻人喜欢他的书，因此David已经变得很成功。根据时间背景和语境，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，需用现在完成时，主语David为第三人称单数，因此用 has become。 32．句意：但是写作不是他唯一的爱好。上文提到爱好带来快乐与成功，此处转折，表示“但是”，且位于句首首字母大写，因此用But。 33．句意：他也对许多其他事情感兴趣。固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，因此用in。 34．句意：我花一些空闲时间为校队打排球。此处修饰名词“free time”，需用形容词性物主代词，I的形容词性物主代词为my。 35．句意：或许我会在我以后的书里写写我们排球队的故事。根据“in my future books”可知，此处表示将来的动作，需用一般将来时，因此用will write。 04 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I started going climbing last year, and it has become my favourite hobby. I got into it 36 I wanted to get close to nature and challenge myself. At first, I 37 (simple) thought it was a fun outdoor activity, not knowing I would grow into a real climber. Some people say going climbing 38 (be) risky, but with proper preparation, we can stay safe. Once I almost lost 39 (I) way, but I didn’t get into a panic. My friend’s timely (及时的) aid helped me avoid danger. That experience taught me 40 to survive in an emergency. Going climbing brings many benefits. It helps reduce 41 (stress).When I reach the top, I feel 42 (joy). For me, the main purpose isn’t to win but to keep going. I’ve learned to stay calm when facing difficulties and manage my time well during trips. I often chat with other 43 (climber) on the way. We share stories and encourage each other. Once, a small stone 44 (hit) my shoe, but I didn’t stop. Every time I return home, I always feel 45 (relax) and energetic. This hobby helps me express my love for life and become a stronger person. 【答案】36．because 37．simply 38．is 39．my 40．how 41．stress 42．joyful 43．climbers 44．hit 45．relaxed 【导语】本文介绍了作者爱上攀岩的原因、经历的危险、攀岩带来的益处以及从中获得的成长。 36．句意：我开始攀岩是因为我想亲近自然、挑战自我。前句提到“攀岩已成为我最喜欢的爱好”，本句进一步说明开始这一爱好的原因，前后句为因果关系，需用连词because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 37．句意：起初，我只是单纯地认为这是一项有趣的户外活动，并未意识到自己会成长为一名真正的攀岩者。修饰动词thought需用副词，simple的副词形式为simply，意为“仅仅、只是”。 38．句意：有人说攀岩有风险，但做好充分准备就能保证安全。动名词短语“going climbing”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is。 39．句意：有一次我差点迷路，但我没有惊慌失措。“lose one’s way”为固定短语，意为“迷路”，主语为I，故填形容词性物主代词my。 40．句意：那次经历教会了我如何在紧急情况下生存。前文提到作者在攀岩时差点迷路，幸得朋友及时帮助才脱离危险，“如何在紧急情况下生存”是作者从中学到的具体技能，“疑问词 + 动词不定式”作宾语，how意为“如何”，符合语境。 41．句意：它有助于减轻压力。reduce后需接名词作宾语，stress意为“压力”，为不可数名词，故填stress。 42．句意：当我到达山顶时，我感到喜悦。系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，joy的形容词形式为joyful，意为“喜悦的、高兴的”。 43．句意：我经常在路上与其他攀岩者聊天。other后接可数名词复数，climber的复数形式为climbers。 44．句意：有一次，一颗小石子砸到了我的鞋子，但我没有停下。描述过去发生的事实用一般过去时，hit的过去式与原形同形，故填hit。 45．句意：每次回到家，我总是感到放松且充满活力。系动词feel后需接形容词作表语，主语是I，relax的形容词形式relaxed意为“感到放松的”，描述人的主观感受，故填relaxed。 考向二、安全、健康知识、保持健康 05 阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置 (如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式; 如无提示词, 则填入1个适当的单词)。 Health and safety are of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily felt really terrible. Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had a high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor checked her 46 (careful). He told her mother that Lily was suffering 47 a very bad cold. He gave her some pills and advised her 48 (have) a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw 49 man riding a bike in front. Suddenly, the man lost control and fell off the bike. He got hurt badly, and there were some injuries on his hands and legs. Lily and her mother 50 (run) to help deal with the injuries without hesitation. Then they called the emergency number for help. They didn’t leave 51 the ambulance (救护车) came. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people 52 (pay) more attention to their health and safety. Please 53 (be) more careful to avoid any harm when you are outside. If we are not careful, we can easily hurt 54 (us). What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing 55 (accident). Also a clean environment is good for our health, so we should try our best to protect the environment. 【答案】46．carefully 47．from 48．to have 49．a 50．ran 51．until 52．should pay 53．be 54．ourselves 55．accidents 【导语】 本文讲述了莉莉上周一因发烧去医院，在回家路上遇到有人骑车摔倒受伤，她和母亲帮忙处理并等待救护车，这次经历让她意识到人们应多关注健康和安全，还提到要小心避免受伤、掌握急救技能以及保护环境对健康有益。 【详解】46．句意：医生仔细地给她做了检查。“checked”是动词，要用副词修饰，“careful”的副词形式是“carefully”，所以填carefully。 47．句意：他告诉莉莉的妈妈，莉莉患了重感冒。“suffer from”是固定短语，意为“遭受；患（病）”，所以填from。 48．句意：他给了她一些药，并建议她在家好好休息。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“建议某人做某事”，所以填to have。 49．句意：在回家的路上，他们看到前面有一个人骑着自行车。“man”是可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指“一个人”，“man”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词“a”，所以填a。 50．句意：莉莉和她的妈妈毫不犹豫地跑过去帮忙处理伤口。根据上下文可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时，“run”的过去式是“ran”，所以填ran。 51．句意：他们直到救护车来了才离开。“not...until...”是固定句型，意为“直到……才……”，所以填until。 52．句意：这次经历让莉莉深刻地意识到人们应该更加关注他们的健康和安全。根据语境可知，这里表示建议或应该做某事，“should”表示“应该”，后接动词原形，所以填should pay。 53．句意：当你在外面的时候，请更加小心以避免任何伤害。“please”后接动词原形，构成祈使句，所以填be。 54．句意：如果我们不小心，我们很容易伤害到自己。“hurt oneself”表示“伤害自己”，主语是“we”，对应的反身代词是“ourselves”，所以填ourselves。 55．句意：更重要的是，当面对事故时，掌握一些基本的急救技能真的很有帮助。“accident”是可数名词，此处表示泛指“事故”，要用复数形式“accidents”，所以填accidents。 06 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Lucy and I 56 (be) best friends since Grade 7. Our 57 (seat) are next to each other in the classroom. We spend most breaks playing together. One afternoon, the sun 58 (shine) brightly and the birds were singing in the trees. 59 we were playing on the playground, all of a sudden, Lucy felt sick. She cried for help. I thought she was just being playful. I didn’t care. But then, Lucy 60 (lie) down on the ground. I was 61 shock. I was so scared that I could hardly move. Thank goodness, our head teacher Mr. King came across us and helped. The next day, he held a class 62 (meet) about what to do in an emergency. We 63 (tell) to keep calm when facing an emergency, because we are 64 (like) to get nervous and don’t know what to do. When we meet an accident, we mustn’t leave in 65 hurry. Don’t only depend 66 ourselves. If we call for help in time, we 67 (have) more chances. In our daily life, don’t be 68 (care) in case something bad happens. Remember to keep away from danger. After all, 69 (safe) comes first. From this experience, I learn if we care more about others around us, we will prevent them from 70 (get) hurt. 【答案】56．have been 57．seats 58．was shining 59．When/While 60．lay 61．in 62．meeting 63．were told 64．likely 65．a 66．on 67．will have 68．careless 69．safety 70．getting 【导语】本文讲述了作者与好友Lucy从七年级起成为挚友，在一次突发事件中因疏忽险些酿成大错，最终通过班会学习应急知识的故事。 【详解】56．句意：自从七年级起，Lucy和我就是最好的朋友了。根据“since Grade 7”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语“Lucy and I”为复数，故填have been。 57．句意：我们的座位在教室里紧挨着。根据“are”可知，主语应用复数形式，“seat”的复数为seats。 58．句意：一天下午，阳光灿烂地照耀着，鸟儿在树上歌唱。根据“were singing”可知，此处描述过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语“the sun”为单数，故填was shining。 59．句意：当我们在操场上玩耍的时候，突然Lucy感到不舒服。此处表示“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句动作与主句动作同时发生，故填When/While。 60．句意：但是然后，Lucy躺在了地上。描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，“lie”表示“躺”的过去式为lay。 61．句意：我大吃一惊。“in shock”为固定搭配，意为“震惊，大吃一惊”，故填in。 62．句意：第二天，他开了一次关于紧急情况下该做什么的班会。“class meeting”意为“班会”，为固定表达，故填meeting。 63．句意：我们被告知在面对紧急情况时要保持冷静。主语“We”与动词“tell”之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were told。 64．句意：因为我们很可能变得紧张，不知道做什么。“be likely to do sth.”意为“很可能做某事”，为固定搭配，故填likely。 65．句意：当我们遇到意外时，我们千万不要匆忙离开。“in a hurry”意为“匆忙地”，为固定搭配，故填a。 66．句意：不要只依赖我们自己。“depend on”意为“依赖，依靠”，为固定搭配，故填on。 67．句意：如果我们及时求助，我们就会有更多的机会。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句为一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故填will have。 68．句意：在日常生活中，不要粗心，以防不好的事情发生。根据“in case something bad happens”可知，应表示“不要粗心”，应用形容词careless作表语。 69．句意：毕竟，安全是第一位的。此处作主语，应用名词“safety”。 70．句意：从这次经历中，我学到如果我们更关心周围的人，我们就会阻止他们受到伤害。“prevent sb. from doing sth.”意为“阻止某人做某事”，为固定搭配，故填getting。 07 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号里单词的正确形式，使短文通顺、连贯。 Last Monday, Lily had a cough and felt really awful. Her mother took her temperature and found she had a high fever. So they rushed to the hospital. The doctor 71 (check) her carefully. He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 72 a serious cold. He gave her some 73 (pill) and advised her to have a good rest at home. On their way home, they saw a man riding a bike ahead of them. Suddenly, 74 man lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 75 (bad), and there was even an injury on his face. “Help me! My knee 76 (hurt) so much that I can’t stand up,” the man shouted. Lily and her mother ran to help. They used the first aid knowledge they learned in the class 77 (deal) with his injury. Then they called 120 for help. This experience made Lily realize that health is one of 78 (great) things in life. People should always care about 79 (they). We won’t know the importance of health 80 we lose it. What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing illness or accidents. 【答案】71．checked 72．from 73．pills 74．the 75．badly 76．hurts 77．to deal 78．the greatest 79．themselves 80．until 【导语】本文讲述莉莉生病去医院途中，遇到一名骑车男子摔伤。她和母亲运用课堂所学的急救知识处理伤口并拨打120。这件事让莉莉意识到健康的重要性以及掌握急救技能的意义。 【详解】71．句意：医生仔细地给她做了检查。全文讲述的是上周一发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，check的过去式为checked。 72．句意：他告诉莉莉的妈妈，莉莉得了重感冒。suffer from是固定搭配，意为“患有、遭受……之苦”，应填from。 73．句意：他给了她一些药片，并建议她在家好好休息。some后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词，pill为可数名词，此处表示“一些药片”，需要用复数形式pills。 74．句意：突然，那个人失去控制，从自行车上摔了下来。前面已经提到“a man”，第二次再提及时用定冠词the表示特指。 75．句意：他的膝盖擦伤得很严重，脸上甚至还有伤口。此处需要副词修饰动词was bruised，bad的副词形式是badly。 76．句意：“救救我！我的膝盖疼得厉害，我都站不起来了。”那个男人大声喊道。全文为一般过去时，但此处是直接引语(男人说的话)，用一般现在时表示当下状态。主语my knee是第三人称单数，hurt用hurts。 77．句意：她们用课堂上学的急救知识来处理他的伤口。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，deal需要用不定式形式to deal。 78．句意：这次经历让莉莉意识到健康是生命中最重要的事情之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”。great的最高级是the greatest。 79．句意：人们应该时刻关心自己。care about后面接反身代词，表示“关心自己”。they对应的反身代词是themselves。 80．句意：直到失去健康，我们才知道它的重要性。not...until...是固定搭配，意为“直到……才……”。 08 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every year, natural disasters happen in many places all over the world. 81 earthquake happened in Myanmar (缅甸) on 28 March 2025. 82 (unlucky) , many people got hurt or died in it. Earthquakes can happen at any time and in all 83 (place) . The taller the buildings are, the 84 (much) dangerous they will be. You’d better take the following measures to keep you away 85 danger during the earthquake. When an earthquake happens, do not try to run out of the building if you are on the 86 (two) floor— even if you only need a short time to go. Hide under a table or anything similar quickly. Cover your eyes and head with your hands to protect 87 (they) . It is easy for people to get hurt in such a situation. 88 a fire alarm rings, you will have to leave the building as fast as possible. Take the nearest stairs (楼梯) 89 (leave) the building. Remember not to come back to the building until it is safe. Natural disasters are unpredictable (不可预测的) . Protecting yourself   90 (be) all you can do. 【答案】81．An 82．Unluckily 83．places 84．more 85．from 86．second 87．them 88．When 89．to leave 90．is 【导语】本文主要讲述：每年全球多地会发生自然灾害，以2025年3月缅甸地震为例，说明地震的突发性与危险性，并重点提供地震发生时保护自身安全的具体应对方法。 【详解】81．句意：2025年3月28日，缅甸发生了一场地震。earthquake为可数名词单数，首次提及且无特指，需用不定冠词，且发音以元音音素开头用an。由于放在句首，首字母大写。 82．句意：不幸的是，许多人在这次地震中受伤或死亡。空格处用逗号隔开，表明修饰整个句子，作状语，需用副词，括号内为形容词“unlucky”，其副词形式“unluckily”表示“不幸地”，符合语境。由于放置在句首，首字母需大写。 83．句意：地震可能在任何时候、任何地点发生。all后接复数名词，place为可数名词，故此处填其复数形式places。 84．句意：建筑物越高，它们就越危险。固定搭配“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”表示“越怎样越怎样”，“dangerous”的比较级为“more dangerous”，故填more。 85．句意：你最好采取以下方法来让自己远离地震中的危险。固定搭配“keep sb. away from sth.”表示“远离某物”。 86．句意：当地震发生时，如果你在二楼，不要试图跑出建筑物—即使你只需要很短的时间。括号内为基数词，而楼层表达用序数词，表示“第二层”。故填second。 87．句意：用手护住你的眼睛和头部，以保护它们。“protect”为及物动词，后接宾语，括号内为主格they，需要用其宾格。 88．句意：当火警响起时，你必须尽快离开建筑物。空格后逗号连接了完整句子“you will have to...”，表示时间状语从句，需连词引导。故本句用“When”，表示“当什么的时候”，符合语境。 89．句意：走最近的楼梯离开建筑物。空格处表目的，此处用不定式“to do”表示目的。 90．句意：保护自己是你所能做的全部。动名词短语Protecting yourself作主语谓语动词用单数，且描述的是客观情况，时态为一般现在时。故用is。 考向三、成长过程中的问题，人生的一些道理，改善情绪 09 阅读短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses 91 important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then 92 (break) it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe 93 (fast) than before, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit someone. But sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger 94 (quiet). For example, you may hide it 95 your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you 96 (get) angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or 97 (you). When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s 98 (help) to talk about your anger with an adult, such as a parent, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad 99 (feeling) can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do 100 you start to feel angry: talk to a good friend, count from 1 to 100, give someone a hug (拥抱), go for a bike ride, think about good things, etc. Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you. 【答案】91．an 92．breaks 93．faster 94．quietly 95．in 96．to get 97．yourself 98．helpful 99．feelings 100．when 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了愤怒这种情绪的产生、表现，说明隐藏愤怒的危害，并给出了正确处理愤怒的方法，提醒人们不要被愤怒控制。 【详解】91．句意：当你的队伍输掉一场重要的比赛时。“game”是可数名词单数，空后的“important”以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an（一个），表示泛指。 92．句意：当一个朋友借了你最喜欢的东西然后把它弄坏时，你可能会变得很生气。由“borrows”可知句子时态为一般现在时，主语“a friend”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 93．句意：举个例子，你的呼吸比以前更快。句中有“than”表示比较，需用副词fast的比较级。 94．句意：但有时你悄悄地隐藏你的愤怒。修饰动词“hide”需用副词。 95．句意：举个例子，你可能把它藏在心里。hide in one’s heart是固定搭配，表示“藏在心里”。 96．句意：有时候生气对你来说是正常的。it’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，需用不定式作主语。 97．句意：不伤害别人也不伤害你自己。与“others”并列，表示伤害自己，需用反身代词yourself表示“你自己”。 98．句意：和成年人谈论你的愤怒是有帮助的。it’s+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，此处表示和成年人谈论会有帮助，需用形容词helpful“有帮助的”。 99．句意：那些坏情绪会开始消失。“those”后接可数名词复数。 100．句意：当你开始感到生气时，你可以做一些其他的事情。“you start to feel angry”是时间背景，需用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 10 在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 (缩写词算一个词)。 There are many reasons why you may forget to smile. You may be worried about your life or you may be busy with other 101 (problem). Here are a few reasons why you should smile. Let you be beautiful. Wearing make-up (化妆品) can only make you look beautiful on your face. Real happiness comes 102 your deep heart and it shows on your face only through a smile. 103 you want to look attractive (吸引人的), you should smile a lot. Make you be healthy. A smile 104 (usual) shows that a person is happy. And being happy helps people to have 105 healthy life. Smiling can make you feel good and do good to your health. If you can be happy more often, it’s easier to keep 106 (you) in good health. Help you make more friends. You should do it right now. You have to be a 107 (friend) person, when you want to start a talk with people or know someone much 108 (good). So people can believe in you. Smiling is a way 109 (help) you make it more easily. Smiling 110 (make) it easier for people to get along with each other. 【答案】101．problems 102．from 103．If 104．usually 105．a 106．yourself 107．friendly 108．better 109．to help 110．makes 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了微笑的好处，包括让人心情愉悦，强身健体，让人更友善，更容易交朋友，与人相处等。 101．句意：你可能为生活担忧，或是忙于其他问题。other后接可数名词复数，problem是可数名词，需变为复数形式problems。 102．句意：真正的快乐源自内心深处。come from意为“来自”，属于固定搭配。 103．句意：如果你想变得有魅力，就该多微笑。 此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，If符合逻辑，句首首字母需大写。 104．句意：微笑通常表示一个人很开心。此处需副词修饰动词shows，usual的副词形式是usually，意为“通常”。 105．句意：快乐有助于人们拥有健康的生活。固定搭配have a healthy life意为“过健康的生活”，healthy以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 106．句意：如果你能更常感到快乐，就更容易保持身体健康。固定搭配keep oneself in good health意为“保持某人自己身体健康”，主语为you，反身代词用yourself。 107．句意：当你想要主动和别人搭话、或是想更深入地了解某人时，你必须做一个待人友善的人。修饰后面的名词person，要用形容词作定语，friend的形容词为friendly，意为“友善的”。 108．句意：当你想要主动和别人搭话、或是想更深入地了解某人时，你必须做一个待人友善的人。much后接形容词/副词比较级表示“……得多”，good的副词形式well的比较级为better，know sb. much better意为 “更了解某人”。 109．句意：微笑是一种帮助你更轻松应对的方式。固定搭配a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式”，此处用不定式to help作后置定语。 110．句意：微笑让人们更容易相处。句子主语 Smiling是动名词，视为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式makes。 11 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stress is a normal feeling. Sometimes stress pushes us to move forward. But stress becomes bad if it influences our everyday life and health. So how do you know you’re stressed out? And 111 can you do about it? Sometimes stress comes when you don’t realize it. Do you often feel a stomachache, a headache, or get angry 112 (easy)? Do you find it difficult 113 (sleep) well? If your answers are “Yes”, you are probably facing plenty of stress and you may need help. Talking 114 your difficulties with someone always helps. You can have a talk with your parents, friends, teachers or even doctors. Tell them if you’re 115 (worry) about your schoolwork, or if you have difficult relationships with your classmates. Then you can find a few 116 (way) together. You can cut out your after-school activities, spend more time 117 (talk) with your family, and go for a short holiday. There’s another important thing you need to remember: Having some stress is normal. It is OK to feel angry, scared or lonely sometimes. 118 stress can be uncomfortable, it can also make us stronger. To solve your problems, don’t be afraid to ask for help when you’re in need. Remember, taking care of 119 (you) is the first step to dealing with stress. And if you try these ways, you’ll find that it is the 120 (good) way to keep healthy and happy. 【答案】111．what 112．easily 113．to sleep 114．about 115．worried 116．ways 117．talking 118．Although/Though 119．yourself 120．best 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了关于压力是一种正常的情绪感受，描述了压力的一些表现和处理方法建议。 111．句意：又该对此做些什么呢？本空缺少疑问词，根据后文的内容都是关于如何处理压力的建议，因此应填what，代表能做的事情。 112．句意：你是否经常胃痛、头痛，或是很容易就发脾气？此处是为了修饰前面动词词组“get angry”，副词修饰动词，应填easily。 113．句意：你是否发觉自己很难睡个好觉？根据固定搭配“ find it difficult to do sth. ”表示发现做某事很困难，因此填不定式to sleep。 114．句意：向他人倾诉自己的困境总会有所帮助。本空缺少连接动词talk和名词difficulties的介词，固定搭配“talk about sth.”表示谈论某事，应填about。 115．句意：告诉他们，你是否在学业上感到担忧，或是和同学的相处出现了问题。固定短语“be worried about”表示为……而担忧，应填worried。 116．句意：然后你们可以一起找到一些解决办法。根据前面出现的a few，说明后面跟的是可数名词复数，表示有一些……，应填ways。 117．句意：你可以精简课后活动，花更多时间陪伴交谈家人，也可以来一场短途假期休整。固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”表示花费时间做某事，应填talking。 118．句意：尽管压力会让人倍感煎熬，但它也能让我们变得更加坚强。此处是连接两个句子，因此缺少连词，而uncomfortable与stronger形成了对比转折，根据语境，两句话之间有让步尽管之意，因此可填Although/Though。 119．句意：请记住，照顾好你自己，是应对压力的第一步。本空处在介词of后面，可填代词的宾格或反身代词，结合语境，应该是劝诫照顾好你自己，所以填yourself。 120．句意：只要你尝试这些方法，就会发现，这是维系身心健康、收获快乐的最佳方法。前面有定冠词the，应该指做到上面的方法，就会是保持健康快乐的最好的方法，形容词的最高级，应填best。 12 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Losing friends is as easy as making friends 121 you don’t know how to deal with 122 (angry) and conflict (冲突). Conflict is part of 123 (everyone) life. It will show up at school, at work and at home. It is OK 124 (feel) angry, annoyed or sad. These feelings are 125 (nature), but different people deal with them 126 different ways. Some people shout, or even hit the person who has hurt them. Others do their best to keep away from disagreements but seldom deal with conflict 127 (successful). Dealing with conflict is a step-by-step process. Before you start talking about the problem, calm down, count to 10 and imagine a relaxing place. Then, say what is really bothering (使烦恼) you, but watch how you express 128 (you). Don’t complain. Share 129 you feel by using “I…”. For example, don’t say “You are always 130 (order) me to do this or to do that.”, but say “I feel sad because you don’t pay attention to what I think.”. You want people to hear your opinion, so make sure you practise what you want to say. Listen carefully to the other person and accept that he or she might see the problem in a different way. Be open-minded and willing to say sorry. 【答案】121．if 122．anger 123．everyone’s 124．to feel 125．natural 126．in 127．successfully 128．yourself 129．how 130．ordering 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“如何处理人际冲突”展开，介绍了冲突的普遍性、人们应对冲突的不同方式，并给出了建设性的解决步骤。 121．句意：如果你不知道如何处理愤怒和冲突，失去朋友和交到朋友一样容易。 前后句为条件关系，填连词if（如果）。 122．句意：如果你不知道如何处理愤怒和冲突，失去朋友和交到朋友一样容易。 介词with后接名词，angry 需变为名词anger（愤怒）。 123．句意：冲突是每个人生活的一部分。修饰名词life需用名词所有格，everyone变为everyone’s（每个人的）。 124．句意：感到生气、恼怒或难过是正常的。固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth.，表示“做某事是……”，填不定式to feel。 125．句意：这些感觉是自然的。be动词后接形容词作表语，nature变为形容词natural（自然的）。 126．句意：但不同的人用不同的方式处理它们。固定搭配in different ways表示“用不同的方式”，填介词in。 127．句意：其他人尽力避免分歧，但很少成功地处理冲突。修饰动词deal with需用副词，successful变为副词successfully（成功地）。 128．句意：但要注意你如何表达自己。 此处指“表达你自己”，用反身代词yourself。 129．句意：用“我……”来分享你的感受如何。此处表示“感受如何”，用连词how。“how you feel”是宾语从句，作动词Share的宾语。 130．句意：你总是命令我做这个做那个。固定搭配be always doing sth.表示“总是做某事（带有抱怨语气）”，order变为动名词ordering。 考向四、自然奇观介绍，呼吁保护自然 13 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Mount Qomolangma, standing at around 8,848.86 metres, is the world’s highest mountain above sea level. But do you know that 131 (it) height is growing? Scientists say the huge mountain grows by as much as two millimetres (毫米) every year. Two millimetres is very tiny, 132 the change will be big over time. In 133 recent study, researchers have suggested that Qomolangma is growing because of a river, the Arun. This powerful river 134 (run) along the Himalayas and washes away rocks and soil. Then a huge, deep gorge (峡谷) 135 (create). As there is now less ground material left in that area, the crust (地壳) becomes lighter as well. This allows the crusts 136 (push) against each other and go upwards. Many 137 (year) later, the whole process raises the height of the land—even big, heavy mountains. 138 makes Qomolangma grow so rapidly? Researchers discovered that with a lot more water going through the Arun, the river would wash away more rocks and soil. As a result, the gorge becomes even 139 (big) in a shorter time, causing Qomolangma to grow more quickly. It is 140 (real) amazing to think about how nature can change the world’s highest mountain! 【答案】131．its 132．but 133．a 134．runs 135．is created 136．to push 137．years 138．What 139．bigger 140．really 【导语】本文介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的高度仍在增长，科学家解释了其中的原因与阿伦河有关。 【详解】131．句意：但你知道它的高度还在增长吗？此处修饰名词“height”，应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。 132．句意：两毫米非常微小，但随着时间的推移，变化会很大。前后句意存在转折关系，前说“微小”，后说“变化大”，应用转折连词but。 133．句意：在最近的一项研究中，研究人员提出珠穆朗玛峰因阿伦河而增高。study为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一项研究”，且recent以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 134．句意：这条强大的河流沿着喜马拉雅山脉奔流，冲刷岩石和土壤。描述客观事实，句子时态为一般现在时；主语“This powerful river”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用run的第三人称单数形式runs。 135．句意：然后，一个巨大而深的峡谷被形成。主语“a huge, deep gorge”与动词create之间为被动关系，且描述一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为is/am/are+过去分词；主语为单数，be动词用is，create的过去分词为created。 136．句意：这使得地壳相互挤压并向上移动。allow sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许……做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to push作宾语补足语。 137．句意：许多年后，整个过程抬高了地面的高度——甚至是高大沉重的山脉。year为可数名词，其前有many修饰，应用复数形式years。 138．句意：是什么让珠穆朗玛峰增长得如此迅速？此处为特殊疑问词引导的疑问句，询问原因或事物，且作主语，应用疑问代词What，首字母大写。 139．句意：结果，峡谷在更短的时间内变得更大，导致珠穆朗玛峰增长得更快。even后常接形容词比较级表示程度加深，big的比较级为bigger。 140．句意：思考大自然如何改变世界最高峰真是令人惊叹。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，real的副词形式为really。 14 阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Yellow River is the second 141 (long) river in China. It runs from the mountains 142 the sea . It gave birth to one of the oldest and most famous 143 (culture) in the world-the Yellow River culture. In the hearts of Chinese people, the Yellow River is the “mother river”. It is expected to play a more important role in our country’s 144 (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 145 its water is yellow, as it took lots of yellow sand to the water when it ran through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The river starts from Qinghai province in northwestern China. It runs through a lot of places before 146 (run) into the Bohai Sea. The 5,464-kilometer-long river 147 (feed) about 12% of China’s population and offers water to about 17% of fields and more than 50 cities. So far our country has made great efforts (努力) in the environment 148 (protect) of the river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand can’t go into it. Our “mother river” has become much 149 (clear) than before. We should try 150 (we) best to protect it. 【答案】141．longest 142．to 143．cultures 144．development 145．because 146．running 147．feeds 148．protection 149．clearer 150．our 【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、文化意义、名称由来、流经区域及其生态环境保护的成效。 【详解】141．句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。表示“第二长的”，用定冠词加形容词最高级，long的最高级是longest。 142．句意：它从山脉流向大海。固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，故填to。 143．句意：它孕育了世界上最古老、最著名的文化之一——黄河文化。固定搭配“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，culture的复数形式是cultures。 144．句意：它有望在我国的发展中发挥更重要的作用。名词所有格country’s后用名词，develop的名词形式是development。 145．句意：这条河在中文里被称为“黄河”，因为当它流经黄土高原时，携带了大量黄沙，河水呈黄色。前后句为因果关系，表示“因为”，故填because。 146．句意：它在流入渤海之前流经许多地方。介词before后用动名词作宾语，run的动名词形式是running。 147．句意：这条5464公里长的河流养育了大约12%的中国人口，为约17%的农田和50多个城市提供水源。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The 5,464-Kilometer-long river为第三人称单数，故填feeds。 148．句意：到目前为止，我国在河流的环境保护方面做出了巨大努力。名词所有格environment的后面用名词，protect的名词形式是protection。 149．句意：我们的“母亲河”比以前清澈多了。由than before可知用比较级，clear的比较级是clearer。 150．句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护它。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”，we的形容词性物主代词是our。 15 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lake Natron is a lake in Tanzania, East Africa. Its water is red, and the lake is one of the 151 (salt) lakes in the world. The red colour 152 (come) from salt-loving organisms (生物) called halophiles. This is a 153 (nature) wonder, but also dangerous to many living things. Lake Natron is very hot. And its water can reach 60℃. The lake’s high salt levels can burn skin and even damage (损害) eyes. That’s why many animals cannot live here. But one special bird, 154 flamingo, loves this lake. It builds nests on the salt islands. Every year, thousands of flamingos come here 155 (lay) eggs and raise their chicks. The lake gives them a safe home, 156 few animals can reach their nests. The lake’s beauty is 157 (change). Sometimes it looks red, sometimes pink, and sometimes silver or orange. This depends on the sunlight, temperature, and algae (藻类) in the water. Its colours change throughout the day and across seasons. Strong winds can also change the shape of the salt crusts. People must be careful here. Walking near the lake is 158 (risk). The salt crust can break, and people can fall 159 the hot, salty water. The air around the lake sometimes smells terrible because of chemicals in the water. Still, it is a magical place to visit and study, especially for 160 (science) and photographers. 【答案】151．saltiest 152．comes 153．natural 154．the 155．to lay 156．because 157．changeable 158．risky 159．into 160．scientists 【导语】本文主要介绍了东非坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖，其湖水呈红色、含盐量极高、水温很高，对多数生物危险，却是火烈鸟理想的繁殖地。文章还描述了湖水颜色的多变性以及靠近湖泊的危险性。 【详解】151．句意：它的水是红色的，这个湖是世界上最咸的湖泊之一。salt“盐”，此处修饰名词lakes，用形容词形式salty“咸的”，“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，salty的最高级为saltiest“最咸的”。 152．句意：红色来自一种叫做嗜盐菌的喜盐生物。come from“来自”，空处作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为The red colour，动词用第三人称单数形式comes。 153．句意：这是一个自然奇观，但对许多生物也很危险。nature“自然”，修饰名词wonder，用其形容词形式natural“自然的”。 154．句意：但有一种特别的鸟，火烈鸟，喜欢这个湖。此处表示一类事物（火烈鸟这类鸟），前面加定冠词the。 155．句意：每年，成千上万的火烈鸟来到这里产卵并抚养它们的幼鸟。lay“下（蛋），产（卵）”，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是产卵和抚养幼鸟”。 156．句意：湖给了它们一个安全的家，因为很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴。“很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴”是“湖给了它们一个安全的家”的原因，用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。 157．句意：这个湖的美是多变的。句子缺表语，下文提到湖水颜色会变红、粉、银或橙色，说明它的美是多变的，用change“变化”的形容词形式changeable“多变的”。 158．句意：在湖边行走是危险的。be动词is后接形容词作表语，risk“危险”的形容词形式是risky“危险的”。 159．句意：盐壳可能会破裂，人们可能会掉入滚烫的咸水中。fall into意为“掉入、落入”。 160．句意：尽管如此，它仍然是一个参观和学习的神奇之地，尤其是对科学家和摄影师来说。and连接并列成分，photographers“摄影师”是复数，science“科学”对应的职业名词scientist“科学家”也用复数scientists。 16 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。 The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 161 the mother river of the Chinese. It 162 (start) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 163 (enter) the sea. In ancient times, the river 164 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 165 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canals (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) 166 (build) to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 167 (quick). In modern times, water projects have been built to store water and produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 168 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned. The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 169 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can solve problems with wisdom 170 hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future. 【答案】161．as 162．starts 163．entering 164．brought 165．its 166．were built 167．quickly 168．trees 169．importance 170．and 【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、历史上的水患与治理、现代水利工程与环保措施，以及黄河治理带给我们的启示。 【详解】161．句意：它被誉为中华民族的母亲河。“be known as”为固定短语，意为“被称为”，故填as。 162．句意：它发源于青藏高原。描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，start的第三人称单数为starts。 163．句意：它流经九个省份后入海。介词before后接动名词作宾语，enter的动名词为entering。 164．句意：在古代，这条河既带来生命也带来问题。描述过去的情况，用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。 165．句意：在洪水季节，它经常决堤。修饰名词banks，需用形容词性物主代词，it的对应词为its。 166．句意：后来，人们修建了堤坝来控制水流。主语embankments与build之间为被动关系，且描述过去的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填were built。 167．句意：潘季驯使用更窄的堤坝来快速冲刷泥沙。修饰动词wash away，需用副词，quick的副词为quickly。 168．句意：例如种植树木以减少水土流失。tree为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填trees。 169．句意：黄河的故事教会我们与自然和平共处的重要性。the后接名词，important的名词为importance。 170．句意：它展示了人们如何用智慧和努力解决问题。wisdom与hard work为并列关系，用and连接。 考向五、自然灾害，防灾救灾，灾难中人们互相救助 17 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Surviving the Super Typhoon Some people had experienced a powerful typhoon. It happened in the 171 (southwest) part of the country. When the weather center warned people 172 (not go) outside, many began to realize the danger. The storm came 173 the coast of the nearby island and moved quickly toward the town. People there were told to stay indoors. Although the typhoon was still far away, its wind speed was 174 (near) 200 kilometers per hour. Local governments helped families make full 175 (prepare) for the coming disaster. They stored food, water, and first-aid kits in safe places. As the typhoon arrived, the wind 176 (beat) against the windows and roofs. Trees fell down, and power lines broke. Many people stayed in 177 (hide) corners of their homes, such as basements or inner hallways, to keep themselves safe. After the typhoon passed, people came out and saw the conditions. The storm had caused serious flooding and destroyed hundreds of houses. It was the 178 (bad) typhoon in the area in the past fifty years. Many families lost everything, but hope was not lost: In the face of the disaster, ordinary people became 179 (hero) . Though nature showed 180 (it) terrible temper, the human spirit remained strong. People learned that being prepared and staying together could help them survive through hard times. 【答案】171．southwestern 172．not to go 173．from 174．nearly 175．preparations 176．beat 177．hidden 178．worst 179．heroes 180．its 【导语】本文主要记叙了一场超强台风的来袭过程，讲述了人们在台风前后的应对、受灾情况，以及灾难中人性的坚强与互助。 【详解】171．句意：它发生在该国的西南部地区。“part”是名词，前面需用形容词修饰，方位词southwest需变为形容词形式，作定语修饰part。 172．句意：当气象中心警告人们不要外出时，许多人开始意识到危险。动词“warn”，固定搭配warn sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“警告某人（不）做某事”。 173．句意：风暴从附近岛屿的海岸袭来，并迅速向城镇移动。固定搭配come from the coast表示“来自海岸/从海岸登陆”，此处强调台风的移动路径，用come from更贴合语境。 174．句意：尽管台风还很远，它的风速却接近每小时200公里。200 kilometers per hour，“near”需变为副词形式，修饰数量，表示“将近、大约”。 175．句意：当地政府帮助家庭为即将到来的灾难做好充分准备。“make full”后接名词，固定搭配make full preparations for，表示“为……做好充分准备”。 176．句意：台风来袭时，风猛烈地拍打着窗户和屋顶。时间状语“As the typhoon arrived”（过去时） ，主句动词需用过去式，beat的过去式仍为beat。 177．句意：许多人待在家里隐蔽的角落，比如地下室或内走廊，以保护自己的安全。名词“corners”前面需用形容词修饰，动词hide需变为形容词形式hidden，作定语表示“隐蔽的”。 178．句意：这是该地区过去五十年来最严重的台风。the定冠词，“in the past fifty years” ，形容词bad需用最高级形式，表示“最严重的”。 179．句意：面对灾难，普通人成了英雄。主语“ordinary people”是复数，名词hero需变为复数形式，与主语一致。 180．句意：尽管大自然展现了它可怕的脾气，人类的精神依然坚强。名词“temper”前面需用形容词性物主代词修饰，指代nature的代词it，需变为形容词性物主代词its。 18 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整，每空一词。 On 26 December 2004, 10-year-old Tilly Smith was on holiday in Phuket with her family. While 181 (walk) on the beach, she noticed strange waves coming in instead of going out. She quickly realized a tsunami was 182 (come), as her geography teacher had taught her about underwater 183 (earthquake) causing such waves. At first, her family didn’t believe her, 184 Tilly refused to move further. Her mother stayed on the beach, while 185 rest of the family returned to the hotel. Tilly’s father told a security guard about the 186 (dangerous), and he cleared the beach at once. The tsunami hit soon, but everyone there 187 (survive). The 2004 tsunami killed over 200,000 people, but no one on that beach died. Thanks 188 Tilly’s knowledge and quick thinking, over 100 lives were saved. This story shows that even a small lesson can make the 189 (big) difference. Although Tilly was the youngest person on the beach, she stayed calmer and acted more quickly than most adults. Not only did she save her own family, but she also helped many 190 (strange). 【答案】181．walking 182．coming 183．earthquakes 184．but 185．the 186．danger 187．survived 188．to 189．biggest 190．strangers 【导语】本文讲述了2004年印度洋海啸发生时，10岁女孩蒂莉·史密斯凭借地理课上学到的知识，及时识别出海啸前兆并成功疏散海滩游客，挽救上百人性命的真实故事。 181．句意：在海滩上散步时，她注意到有奇怪的海浪涌来而非退去。While表示“在……期间”，强调“散步”这个动作发生的同时，她“注意到”海浪的异常，因此用过去进行时；while引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，可省略从句的主语和be动词，故空处填入现在分词；walk的现在分词形式为walking，符合语境。 182．句意：她很快意识到一场海啸即将来临，因为她的地理老师曾教过她，海底地震会引发这样的海浪。结合她在地理课上学过的知识，她立刻意识到接下来会发生什么——海啸即将到来，此处表示过去某一时间点“即将发生”的动作，应用过去进行时；was后用动词的现在分词coming。 183．句意：她很快意识到一场海啸即将来临，因为她的地理老师曾教过她，海底地震会引发这样的海浪。此处泛指“海底地震”这一类自然现象，且无具体数量限定，用复数形式earthquakes表示类别。 184．句意：起初，她的家人不相信她，但蒂莉拒绝继续往前走。前后句为转折关系，故填but。 185．句意：她的母亲留在海滩上，而家里的其他人回到了酒店。“the rest of”为固定短语，意为“其余的”，故填定冠词the。 186．句意：蒂莉的父亲告诉一名保安关于危险的情况，保安立刻清空了海滩。此处应用名词作介词about的宾语，dangerous的名词形式为danger，意为“危险”，为不可数名词，符合语境。 187．句意：海啸很快袭来，但那里的每个人都幸存了下来。结合上下文，此处描述过去的事件用一般过去时，survive的过去式为survived。 188．句意：多亏了蒂莉的知识和快速反应，超过100条生命得救。“thanks to”为固定短语，意为“多亏了”，故填介词to。 189．句意：这个故事表明，即使是一堂小小的课也能带来最大的不同。结合上下文可知，这堂课产生了极为重大的影响，此处需用形容词最高级，big的最高级为biggest。 190．句意：她不仅救了自己的家人，还帮助了许多陌生人。many后接可数名词复数，strange“陌生的”是形容词，其名词是stranger“陌生人”，复数形式为strangers。 19 阅读填空阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Saturday afternoon, the sky turned dark suddenly and strong winds blew 191 (heavy). Black clouds covered 192 whole village, and the rain began to fall hard. Everyone felt scared, but 14-year-old Tom kept calm. He told his family and 193 (neighbor) not to panic. Tom remembered what his teacher had taught him about natural disasters. He knew a flash flood may come soon. 194 he was young, he decided to help everyone escape (逃脱). He ran from door to door, knocking loudly and telling people to move to higher places. An old grandma couldn’t walk fast, so Tom helped her get out of the house. He carried her bag and held her hand tightly. The flood came quickly, but Tom didn’t stop. He kept running until all villagers 195 (be) safe. It was the 196 (brave) thing he did in his life. After the flood, the villagers gathered together and talked about Tom’s story. They 197 (bring) fruits to thank him. Tom said he didn’t do anything special, but the villagers praised him for his courage. He often encourages 198 (he) and his friends to face difficulties bravely, because he believes that 199 (help) others is the most meaningful thing. Tom’s story spread in the village. Many students go to his home to learn from him. He prepares some books 200 (teach) his friends about disaster safety. Every time someone talks about him, they say he is a hero who saves the villagers in danger. 【答案】191．heavily 192．the 193．neighbors 194．Although/Though 195．were 196．bravest 197．brought 198．himself 199．helping 200．to teach 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了14岁男孩Tom在山洪暴发时冷静应对、帮助全村人安全转移的故事。文章通过描述Tom的行动和村民们的反应，赞扬了Tom的勇气和助人为乐的精神。 191．句意：上周六下午，天空突然变暗，强风猛烈地吹着。空格处修饰动词“blew”，需用副词形式。heavy的副词为heavily，意为“猛烈地”。故填heavily。 192．句意：黑云覆盖了整个村庄。空格后“whole village”为特指，需用定冠词“the”。“the whole village”意为“整个村庄”。故填the。 193．句意：他告诉他的家人和邻居不要恐慌。空前“his family and”提示空格处需填名词复数形式，与“family”并列。neighbor的复数形式为neighbors。故填neighbors。 194．句意：虽然他年纪小，但他决定帮助大家逃生。前句“he was young”与后句“he decided to help”构成让步关系，需用让步状语从句连词。Although/Though意为“虽然”，符合逻辑。故填Although/Though。 195．句意：他一直跑直到所有村民都安全了。主语“all villagers”为复数，且文章为一般过去时，be动词需用过去式were。故填were。 196．句意：这是他一生中做过的最勇敢的事。空前有定冠词“the”，空后为名词“thing”，提示此处需用形容词最高级。brave的最高级为bravest。故填bravest。 197．句意：他们带来水果感谢他。文章为一般过去时，需用动词过去式。bring的过去式为brought。故填brought。 198．句意：他经常鼓励他自己和他的朋友勇敢面对困难。空格处作动词“encourages”的宾语，且与主语“He”为同一人，需用反身代词。he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。 199．句意：因为他相信帮助别人是最有意义的事情。空格处作主语从句的主语，需用动名词形式。help的动名词为helping。故填helping。 200．句意：他准备了一些书来教他的朋友们关于灾害安全的知识。空格处表目的，需用不定式作目的状语。to teach意为“为了教”。故填to teach。 20 阅读下面短文,根据语境或所给单词的提示, 在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词, 要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确, 使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 There is a saying that “Earthquakes don’t kill people, buildings do.” It seems sadly true. Is there a way to build earthquake-proof buildings? Engineers have some life-saving 201 (idea). “Lift (抬起)” the house up To stop earthquake waves 202 going through the building, one way is to “lift” the building above the ground, according to the company BigRenz in the US. The building can be built on top of pads (垫状物), which are 203 (usual) made of steel (钢) and rubber. During earthquakes, only the pads move and the building stays nearly 204 same.This can reduce the 205 (earthquake) intensity (强度) by 13 to 15 percent. Right materials Earthquake-proof materials must be easy to change their shapes without 206 (break). Some of these materials include steel, wood and bamboo. In Japan, most traditional houses are built with wood 207 it’s safer when an earthquake comes. A strong shape Triangles (三角形) are very strong shapes. When a force comes to one of the sides of the triangles, it will be weaker and less 208 (harm). During the earthquake, triangles can hold the building together when it 209 (shake). Many earthquake-proof buildings use this shape in their design, both inside and outside. Engineers are now trying their 210 (good) to keep buildings standing stronger, and we highly expect their creative designs. 【答案】201．ideas 202．from 203．usually 204．the 205．earthquake’s 206．breaking 207．because 208．harmful 209．shakes 210．best 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了工程师们设计抗震建筑的三种方法：垫高建筑、选用合适材料、利用稳固的三角形结构，同时表达了人们对未来创新抗震设计的期待。 201．句意：工程师们有一些救命的办法。some后接可数名词复数形式，idea为可数名词，因此此处应用其复数形式ideas。 202．句意：为了阻止地震波穿过建筑物，美国BigRenz公司的一种方法是将建筑物抬离地面。固定搭配stop…from doing sth表示“阻止……做某事”。 203．句意：建筑物可以建在垫状物上，这些垫状物通常由钢和橡胶制成。修饰动词made需用副词形式，usual的副词形式为 usually，意为“通常”。 204．句意：地震期间，只有垫状物移动，建筑物几乎保持原样。固定搭配the same表示“同样的、一致的”，此处需加定冠词the。 205．句意：这可以将地震的强度降低13%至15%。此处表示“地震的强度”，应用名词所有格形式，earthquake的所有格为earthquake’s。 206．句意：抗震材料必须易于改变形状且不易断裂。介词without后接动名词形式，break的动名词形式为breaking。 207．句意：在日本，大多数传统房屋用木材建造，因为地震来临时这样更安全。前后两个分句为因果关系，后半句是前半句的原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 208．句意：当外力作用于三角形的一条边时，它会更脆弱，危害性更小。and连接并列的形容词，与weaker保持词性一致，harm的形容词形式为harmful，意为“有害的”。 209．句意：在地震发生、建筑晃动时，三角形结构可以将建筑稳固在一起。主句时态为一般现在时，主语it指代the building，为第三人称单数，因此动词shake用第三人称单数形式shakes。 210．句意：工程师们正尽最大努力让建筑更稳固地屹立不倒，我们十分期待他们富有创意的设计。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”，good的最高级形式为best。 考向六、跨文化交流、中西方文化差异、尊重不同文化 21 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Some foreign students took part in a cultural program of traveling through Henan Province. The four-day cultural program caught 211 students’ interest. They not only learnt more about China but also 212 (build) close relations with the Chinese students they had met. One of 213 (popular) events was the wushu experience at Songshan Shaolin Wushu College, where they saw wushu shows and tried some moves. “The shows were 214 (wonder) . The Shaolin students could even break a piece of glass with needles (针) !” said Kangwa. Kangwa is studying at Henan University of Chinese Medicine now. He became interested in Chinese culture and dreamt 215 being a wushu star years ago. “ 216 could someone fly in the sky and do all these moves? I thought it was hard to explain. But now I see it by 217 (I) ,” he said. “ 218 they taught us some of the moves, it was still difficult,” Kangwa said. “None of us were able to keep up with our young teachers.” Lina Zavialova is a student of Zhengzhou University. “It was surprising for me 219 (learn) that the students here began their training at 4 or 5,” she said. Zavialova also learned that Shaolin Wushu isn’t just about physical exercises. “Students need to learn different kinds of things 220 (careful) . What is the point of doing these moves with an empty brain?” she said. 【答案】211．the 212．built 213．the most popular 214．wonderful 215．of 216．How 217．myself 218．Although/Though 219．to learn 220．carefully 【导语】本文讲述了外国学生参加河南文化之旅，体验少林武术，并表达了对中国文化的兴趣和感受。 211．句意：为期四天的文化之旅引起了学生们的兴趣。空格前为动词“caught”，后为名词“students’ interest”，此处需要限定词。根据语境，指代上文提到的“some foreign students”这些具体学生，应填定冠词“the”表示特指。 212．句意：他们不仅更多地了解了中国，还与遇到的中国学生建立了密切的关系。并列连词“not only...but also...”连接两个谓语动词，前一分句“learnt”为动词的过去式，后一分句也应保持一致。应填build的过去式built。 213．句意：最受欢迎的活动之一是嵩山少林武术学院的武术体验。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”。popular的最高级形式为most popular，且最高级前通常加定冠词the。故填the most popular。 214．句意：表演精彩极了。空格位于be动词“were”之后，作表语修饰“The shows”，应使用形容词形式。故填wonder的形容词wonderful，意为“精彩的”。 215．句意：他多年前就对中国文化产生了兴趣，并梦想成为一名武术明星。“dream of doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。故填of。 216．句意：有人能在空中飞翔并做出所有这些动作吗？空格位于句首，引导一个表示惊讶或不解的疑问句。根据语境“I thought it was hard to explain”，此处询问“如何可能”，应使用疑问副词“how”，此处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填How。 217．句意：但现在我亲眼看到了。根据本句空格前的“by”，结合短语“by+反身代词”意为“亲自、靠自己”，本句主语为I，故填I的反身代词形式myself。 218．句意：虽然他们教了我们一些动作，但仍然很难。前后分句之间存在让步关系（“教了”但“仍然难”），应使用从属连词“Although”或“Though”引导让步状语从句结构。句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 219．句意：对我来说，了解到这里的学生在四五岁就开始训练，真是令人惊讶。根据空格前的“It was surprising for me”，结合固定句型“It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语结构，可知，此处要填动词不定式to learn。 220．句意：学生需要仔细学习不同种类的东西。空格修饰动词“learn”，表示方式，应使用副词形式，故填careful的副词carefully，意为“仔细地”。 22 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 India is full of interesting traditional customs that surprise many visitors. Last summer, my cousin traveled to India and shared some funny and special 221 (experience) with me. One of the most interesting customs is about shoes. People there never wear shoes inside temples or someone’s home, not only to keep clean but also to show respect to the place or family. My cousin once forgot this rule and felt very 222 (embarrass), but the local people were kind and 223 (gentle) told him the custom. Another tunny custom is about food. Indians love spicy food very much, and they often eat with their right hands. They think eating with hands makes the food more 224 and it is also a way to show their love for traditional 225 (eat) habits. During festivals, Indians wear bright and beautiful clothes. They also paint their hands with colorful patterns called “mehndi”, which is a symbol of 226 (happy) and good luck. Cows are still special there—you can even see them walking freely in the streets, and people often give them food to show their 227 (kind). When you visit India, remember to follow these customs. It not only helps you avoid mistakes but also lets you know the local culture 228 (well). These interesting customs make India a special country, and they are worth 229 (learn) about and respecting. After all, understanding different customs can make our world more 230 (wonder). 【答案】221．experiences 222．embarrassed 223．gently 224．delicious 225．eating 226．happiness 227．kindness 228．better 229．learning 230．wonderful 【导语】本文介绍了印度有趣的传统习俗。 221．句意：我的表哥去印度旅行，并与我分享了一些有趣的和特殊的经历。根据前面的“some”可知，是一些习俗，故使用所给单词的复数形式，应填experiences。 222．句意：我的表哥曾经忘记了这个规则并感到非常尴尬。此处需要一个形容词作表语，根据所给单词可知，embarrassed尴尬的符合题意，故应填embarrassed。 223．句意：但是当地人非常友善，温和地告诉他这个习俗。这里需要副词来修饰动词told，故根据所给单词，应填gently。 224．句意：他们认为用手吃东西会让食物变得更好吃，这也是他们展示对传统饮食习惯的爱的一种方式。make 后接形容词比较级，delicious 为多音节形容词，比较级是 more delicious，空格前已有 more，故填形容词原级 delicious。 225．句意：他们认为用手吃东西会让食物变得更好吃，这也是他们展示对传统饮食习惯的爱的一种方式。eating habits为固定搭配，意为饮食习惯，符合题意，故填eating habits。 226．句意：她们还用色彩斑斓的图案在手上作画，这种图案被称为“美黑迪”，是幸福和好运的象征。a symbol of后面接名词，且and连接幸福和好运，两者应该是并列关系，故应填所给词的名词形式，应填happiness。 227．句意：在那里，牛仍然很特别——你甚至能看到它们在街上自由漫步，人们还常常给它们喂食以示友善。their为形容词性物主代词，后面接名词，根据所给单词kind可知，应填其名词形式，故填kindness。 228．句意：这不仅能够帮你避免错误，还能让你更好地了解当地的文化。根据句意，应填所给单词的比较级，故填better。 229．句意：这些有趣的习俗使印度成为一个特别的国家，它们值得去了解和尊重。be worth doing值得做某事，是固定搭配，故根据所给单词，应填learning。 230．句意：了解不同的习俗会让我们的世界更精彩。“make sth+形容词比较级”意为“使……变得更……”，由于空格前面有more，故直接填所给单词的形容词形式wonderful。 23 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In many Asian countries, it is normal for people to eat with chopsticks. However, there are some rules about how to use them 231 (proper). Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very 232 (polite) and even considered unlucky in some cultures. Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. It is 233 (proper) to reach for food. Thirdly, don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them around when you talk. It is seen as 234 (friendly) and rude. 235 (last) but not least, hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy, but it can actually be a little 236 (challenge). Many people feel 237 (confuse) at first, because there are many rules to remember. Some people even feel 238 (embarrass) when they drop food or use chopsticks the wrong way. But don’t worry. With practice, you will get better. The key is to keep trying. It’s 239 (common) to make mistakes when learning something new. Soon, you’ll find that using chopsticks is not as difficult as you think. It’s 240 (interest) to learn about different table manners around the world. 【答案】231．properly 232．impolite 233．improper 234．unfriendly 235．Last 236．challenging 237．confused 238．embarrassed 239．common 240．interesting 【导语】本文介绍了亚洲国家使用筷子的相关礼仪规则，强调了正确使用筷子的重要性，同时也鼓励人们通过练习掌握筷子用法，了解不同的餐桌礼仪。 231．句意：然而，有一些关于如何正确使用筷子的规则。根据“修饰动词use需用副词”可知，proper的副词形式是properly。 232．句意：那是非常不礼貌的，在一些文化中甚至被认为是不吉利的。根据“把筷子插在食物里是不礼貌的行为”可知，此处需用polite的反义词impolite。 233．句意：其次，不要用筷子把餐盘拉到自己面前。伸手去够食物是不合礼仪的。考查形容词反义词，固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.。proper意为 “合适的、合乎礼仪的”，结合筷子礼仪常识，直接伸手够饭菜是不礼貌的，需用反义词improper。 234．句意：这被视为不友好且粗鲁的。根据“用筷子指别人或说话时挥舞筷子是不礼貌的”可知，此处需用friendly的反义词unfriendly。 235．句意：最后但同样重要的是，要正确握筷子。根据固定短语“last but not least（最后但同样重要的是）” 可知，此处需用last，句首单词首字母需大写。 236．句意：使用筷子看起来容易，但实际上可能有点有挑战性。根据“a little后接形容词”可知，challenge的形容词形式是challenging，表示 “有挑战性的”。 237．句意：很多人一开始会感到困惑，因为有很多规则要记住。根据“feel后接形容词修饰人”可知，confuse修饰人时用confused，表示“感到困惑的”。 238．句意：有些人掉食物或用错筷子方式时甚至会感到尴尬。根据“feel后接形容词修饰人”可知，embarrass修饰人时用embarrassed，表示“感到尴尬的”。 239．句意：学习新事物时犯错是很常见的。根据“学习新事物犯错是正常现象”可知，此处用形容词common 表示 “常见的、普遍的”。 240．句意：了解世界各地不同的餐桌礼仪是很有趣的。根据“It’s后接形容词修饰事物”可知，interest修饰事物时用interesting，表示 “有趣的”。 24 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Traveling to a foreign country can be exciting, but it can also be challenging 241 you don’t know the local customs. When 242 (compare) customs between China and Brazil, we can find some similarities. For example, it is not polite 243 (talk) with your mouth full in both countries. This shows that good manners are 244 (universal) accepted. But there are also some differences. In China, we use chopsticks to eat, 245 people in Brazil use a knife and fork. Also, in China, it’s polite to arrive a little early for a visit. But in some countries, people think it is rude 246 (arrive) too early. As for gift-giving, in China, we usually give gifts with both hands 247 show respect. In Brazil, people may open gifts immediately 248 they receive them. It’s important 249 (remember) that “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. If you understand and respect cultural differences, you will get along 250 (good) with people around the world. 【答案】241．when 242．comparing 243．to talk 244．universally 245．while 246．to arrive 247．to 248．when 249．to remember 250．well 【导语】本文通过对比中国与巴西在餐桌礼仪、拜访习惯、赠送礼物等方面的文化差异，强调了入乡随俗的重要性，并指出尊重文化差异有助于与世界各地的人更好地相处。 241．句意：去国外旅行可能令人兴奋，但当你不了解当地风俗的时候，也可能充满挑战。此处可用“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。 242．句意：当比较中国和巴西的风俗时，我们可以发现一些相似之处。“When + 现在分词”结构作时间状语，主语“we”与“compare”为主动关系，需用现在分词“comparing”。 243．句意：在这两个国家，嘴里塞满食物时说话都是不礼貌的。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 244．句意：这表明良好的礼仪是被普遍接受的。修饰动词“accepted”，需用副词形式作状语。“universal”的副词形式为“universally”，意为“普遍地”。 245．句意：在中国，我们用筷子吃饭，而巴西人用刀叉。前半句说中国用筷子，后半句说巴西人用刀叉，前后句为对比关系，需用连词“while”，表示“然而”。 246．句意：但在一些国家，人们认为到得太早是不礼貌的。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 247．句意：在中国，我们通常用双手送礼物以示尊重。此处用动词不定式“to show”作目的状语，表示“为了表示”。 248．句意：在巴西，人们可能会在收到礼物的时候立刻打开。此处可用“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，符合句意。 249．句意：记住“入乡随俗”很重要。“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 250．句意：如果你理解并尊重文化差异，你就能与世界各地的人更好地相处。修饰动词短语“get along”，需用副词形式作状语。“well”意为“好地”，符合句意，get along well with为固定短语，意为“与……相处融洽”。 考向七、读好书、学道理 25 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 I have always loved reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics, and they are well worth 251 (read). For example, The Iliad (《伊利亚特》), written almost three thousand years ago, tells us about the good and bad qualities of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at 252 same time. China has 253 (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the “Four Books and Five Classics”. These books 254 (write) before the Qin Dynasty. No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, some people advise students 255 (read) The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). There are also 256 (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don’t want to read them 257 they are long and have complex (复杂的) plots. But they are great 258 (story) that also show the goodness and weakness of human nature. Are you interested 259 learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better understanding of the culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. 260 (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them. 【答案】251．reading 252．the 253．its 254．were written 255．to read 256．newer 257．because 258．stories 259．in 260．Slowly 【导语】本文围绕中西方经典文学作品展开，介绍了经典文学的特点、历史背景及阅读意义，呼吁读者了解并爱上经典文学。 【详解】251．句意：这些是文学经典，它们很值得阅读。“be worth doing”是固定搭配，表示“值得做某事”，此处应该用read的动名词形式reading。 252．句意：也就是说，我们可以同时具有英雄气概和愚蠢的一面。“at the same time”固定搭配，表示“同时”，应填定冠词the。 253．句意：中国有它自己悠久的古典文学史，可以追溯到“四书五经”。该处需一个形容词性物主代词，在句中作定语修饰名词history；结合括号内提示词it，需转换为形容词性物主代词its。 254．句意：这些书写于秦朝之前。该处需一个动词的被动语态形式，在句中作谓语；根据主语These books与write为被动关系，且时间状语“before the Qin Dynasty”表示过去，主语为复数，需用一般过去时的被动语态were written。 255．句意：即使在今天，一些人仍建议学生阅读《论语》。“advise sb to do sth”是固定搭配，表示 “建议某人做某事”，此处应该用动词不定式to read。 256．句意：也有比上述作品稍晚的经典，比如《西游记》和《红楼梦》。“than”表示此处应该用比较级形式newer，句中作定语修饰名词classics。 257．句意：不过，很多人不想读它们，因为它们篇幅长且情节复杂。此处前后句为因果关系（前果后因），因此用because引导原因状语从句。 258．句意：但它们是很好的故事，也展现了人性的善与弱点。主语they指代前文的classics（复数），此处应该用名词复数形式stories。 259．句意：你有兴趣了解更多关于经典的知识吗？“be interested in”是固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣”，应填介词in。 260．句意：慢慢地，但肯定地，你会爱上它们的。该处需一个副词，在句中作状语修饰整个句子；slow的副词形式是slowly，句首首字母大写。 26 阅读下面短文并填空，填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词。 Long ago, there was a small village near a mountain. People in the village often 261 (argue) and fought over the things that they needed. And they thought working with others was awful. One day, wise Alex came to the village. He wanted to teach the villagers about the 262 (important) of teamwork. He noticed 263 heavy stone in the middle of the village square. Alex told the leader of the village, “The stone is 264 (value). You can hold a meeting to tell the villagers about this. 265 the person can carry the stone to the top of the mountain, he can get it.” At first, everyone was silent when they heard the news. But after a while, a strong villager stepped forward to have a try. His strong body was one of his 266 (strength). However, he failed. Then some other villagers tried one 267 one. They failed, too. Alex then advised them 268 (move) it together. The villagers followed the 269 (suggest). To the villagers’ surprise, they could 270 (move) the heavy stone finally. Alex smiled and said, “Many hands make light work.” This task certainly played a key role in showing them the power of working together. 【答案】261．argued 262．importance 263．a 264．valuable 265．If 266．strengths 267．by 268．to move 269．suggestion 270．move 【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，讲述了智者Alex通过“搬石头”的任务，让习惯争吵、不懂合作的村民体会到团队合作的力量，最终明白“众人拾柴火焰高”的道理。 261．句意：村里的人们经常为需要的东西争吵和打斗。根据前文“Long ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。argue的过去式为argued，符合语境。 262．句意：他想教村民团队合作的重要性。“the importance of...”是固定短语，意为“……的重要性”，此处需用important的名词形式importance，符合“teach the villagers about...”的语境。 263．句意：他注意到村庄广场中央有一块很重的石头。stone是可数名词单数，且“heavy”以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，表示“一块很重的石头”。 264．句意：这块石头很有价值。此处需用value的形容词形式valuable作表语，描述石头的属性，“be valuable”意为“有价值的”，符合语境。 265．句意：如果谁能把石头搬到山顶，他就能得到它。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，需用if，句首单词首字母大写。 266．句意：他强壮的身体是他的优势之一。“one of+可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……之一”，strength的复数形式为strengths，符合语境。 267．句意：然后其他村民一个接一个地尝试。“one by one”是固定短语，意为“一个接一个地”，符合村民依次尝试的语境。 268．句意：Alex建议他们一起搬石头。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“建议某人做某事”，需用move的不定式形式to move，符合语境。 269．句意：村民们听从了这个建议。此处需用suggest的名词形式suggestion，且根据前文“the”可知，特指Alex的建议，用单数形式即可，符合“follow the suggestion”的语境。 270．句意：令村民惊讶的是，他们最终搬动了这块大石头。情态动词“could”后接动词原形move，符合“could+动词原形”的结构，描述村民成功搬动石头的结果。 27 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you love reading books, you must know something about the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. The book is very successful. And it is popular among kids at home 271 abroad. Even if I am an adult now, I’m still a fan of this book. I 272 (read) the book for many times. After re-reading the book 273 (recent), I have learned an important lesson 274 Tom Sawyer. In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or 275 (tire) tasks. Have you ever wanted to complain (抱怨)? I think most people have. Tom Sawyer, however, had a different thought when he was given a boring task. One day, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence (篱笆). Tom 276 (do) his job when his friend Ben Rogers happened to pass by. Instead of complaining, Tom introduced the task and said that he felt “excited” about it. “Only one in 277 thousand — maybe even two thousand — boys can do this!” Tom said. Tom’s words made Ben become interested in the task. He even 278 (give) Tom his apple so that he could have a chance 279 (paint) the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence. This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is 280 (use). 【答案】271．and 272．have read 273．recently 274．from 275．tiring 276．was doing 277．a 278．gave 279．to paint 280．useless 【导语】本文主要介绍了马克·吐温的《汤姆·索亚历险记》是一本成功的书籍，深受国内外儿童喜爱。作者重读此书后，从汤姆·索亚身上学到抱怨是无用的，换个心态做事更有智慧。 271．句意：这本书在国内外的孩子中都很受欢迎。at home and abroad意为 “国内外”，用并列连词 and 连接。 272．句意：我已经读过这本书很多次了。时间状语for many times表示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语为I，故填have read。 273．句意：最近重读这本书后，我从汤姆・索亚身上学到了重要的一课。此处修饰动词re-reading，需用副词形式，recent的副词是recently。 274．句意：我从汤姆・索亚身上学到了重要的一课。learn a lesson from sb.意为 “从某人身上学到道理”，故填介词from。 275．句意：在日常生活中，我们经常被分配一些无聊又累人的任务。修饰名词tasks (事物) ，用-ing结尾的形容词tiring，意为 “累人的、令人疲惫的”。 276．句意：汤姆正在干活，这时他的朋友本・罗杰斯碰巧路过。sb. was doing sth. when…是固定句型，意为 “某人正在做某事，这时……”，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，主语为Tom，故填was doing。 277．句意：一千个男孩里—— 至两千个里——只有一个能做这件事！one in a thousand “千分之一、极少数”，thousand以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 278．句意：他甚至把自己的苹果给了汤姆，这样他就有机会刷篱笆。全文讲述过去的故事，用一般过去时，give的过去式是gave。 279．句意：他甚至把自己的苹果给了汤姆，这样他就有机会刷篱笆。have a chance to do sth.是固定搭配，意为 “有机会做某事”，故填to paint。 280．句意：抱怨是没用的。根据全文主旨 “抱怨无用”，需用use的形容词否定形式useless“无用的”。 28 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Greg Heffley is a middle school student. He 281 (seem) to be a “problem child”. He has trouble with family and friends. He plays video games too much. He daydreams a lot. But he is popular around the world. In fact, Greg is the main character in Diary of a Wimpy Kid. It is an illustrated book series by US author Jeff Kinney. The first book in the series was printed in 2007.Over the years, his books have been 282 (translation) into 40 languages and sold more than 150 million 283 (copy). In one of the books, Greg continues his adventures. His dad buys him a French horn (圆号). 284 , he finds that he has no interest in learning it. His visit with a new friend goes wrong. Greg’s mother gets 285 (anger) with him because he plays too many video games. So he decides 286 (try) something new. The 287 (eleven) book is a Halloween-themed book, “There is a series of scary books that Greg’s classmates love, and he gets 288 invitation to a Halloween party.“ Jeff told Time for Kids. The book series always focuses (关注) on childhood. That’s 289 the books are so popular. “I’m trying to look at children from a different angle (角度) each time and cover the whole experience of 290 (be) a kid,” Jeff told Time for Kids. If you want to know what it means to be a kid, just read Greg’s story. 【答案】281．seems 282．translated 283．copies 284．However 285．angry 286．to try 287．eleventh 288．an 289．why 290．being 【导语】本文介绍了《小屁孩日记》系列丛书的主角格雷格·赫夫利，讲述了这套书的背景、内容特点及受欢迎的原因。 281．句意：他似乎是个“问题孩子”。句子为一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，seem需变为第三人称单数形式seems。 282．句意：这些书已被翻译成40种语言，销量超过1.5亿册。句子为现在完成时的被动语态，结构为：have been done，translation对应动词为translate，需变为过去分词translated。 283．句意：这些书已被翻译成40种语言，销量超过1.5亿册。数词150 million后接可数名词复数，copy需变为复数copies。 284．句意：他爸爸给他买了一支法式圆号，然而，他发现自己对学习它没有兴趣。前后句为转折关系，空处位于句首且用逗号隔开，填转折副词However。 285．句意：格雷格的妈妈因为他玩太多电子游戏而生他的气。固定搭配get angry with sb.表示“生某人的气”，anger需变为形容词angry。 286．句意：所以他决定尝试一些新的东西。固定搭配decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，try需变为不定式to try。 287．句意：第十一本书是一本以万圣节为主题的书。表示“第几本”需用序数词，eleven需变为序数词eleventh。 288．句意：他收到了一个万圣节派对的邀请。invitation是以元音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词an。 289．句意：这就是这些书如此受欢迎的原因。固定句型That’s why...表示“这就是……的原因”，填连词why。 290．句意：每次我都试着从不同的角度看待孩子，涵盖作为一个孩子的全部经历。介词of后接动名词，be需变为being。 考向八、志愿服务及其意义，帮助他人，回馈社会 29 请认真阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Volunteering is becoming more and more popular in China. People of all ages are willing to v 291 their time to help others. Last weekend, I joined a volunteer group to help the old people in the nursing home. We b 292 some flowers and fruits for them. When we arrived, the old people were very happy to see us. We talked with them and listened to their stories. Some of them told us about their past experiences. We also helped them c 293 their rooms and wash their clothes. After that, we put on a small show for them. We sang songs and danced. The old people laughed and cheered happily. I felt very tired after the activity, but I also felt very happy. I learned that helping others can bring us a lot of j 294 . It also makes us more responsible and k 295 . Volunteering is not only good for the people we help, but also good for o 296 . It gives us a chance to make new friends and learn new skills. It also helps us u 297 the world better. I hope more and more people will j 298 the volunteer group. If everyone gives a little love, the world will become a b 299 place. Let’s work t 300 to make our world more beautiful. 【答案】291．volunteer/olunteer 292．brought/rought 293．clean/lean 294．joy/oy 295．kind/ind 296．ourselves/urselves 297．understand/nderstand 298．join/oin 299．better/etter 300．together/ogether 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参加志愿者活动去敬老院帮助老人的经历和感受。 【详解】291．句意：各个年龄段的人都愿意自愿花时间帮助别人。结合语境志愿活动，此处指人们自愿献出时间帮助他人，be willing to后接动词原形，故填volunteer“自愿做，志愿献出”。 292．句意：我们给他们带了一些花和水果。事件发生在上周末，用一般过去时，此处指我们给老人带去花和水果，bring的过去式是brought。 293．句意：我们还帮助他们打扫房间和洗衣服。此处指帮助老人打扫房间，help sb do sth结构，用动词原形clean。 294．句意：帮助别人能给我们带来很多快乐。帮助他人会带来很多快乐，joy是不可数名词，符合首字母和语境。 295．句意：它让我们更有责任心和更友善。此处和形容词responsible并列，指志愿活动让我们更善良，故填kind。 296．句意：志愿服务不仅对我们帮助的人有好处，对我们自己也有好处。此处句意：志愿活动不仅对我们帮助的人好，对我们自己也好，反身代词ourselves符合语境。 297．句意：它也帮助我们更好地理解世界。此处指志愿活动帮助我们更好地理解世界，help sb do sth结构，用动词原形understand。 298．句意：我希望越来越多的人加入志愿者团体。此处指希望更多人加入志愿团队，will后接动词原形，故填join。 299．句意：世界将变得更美好。人人献出一点爱，世界会变成更好的地方，暗含比较，用good的比较级better，符合语境。 300．句意：让我们共同努力让我们的世界更美丽。此处指让我们一起努力让世界更美好，work together表示“一起努力”，故填together。 30 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Blue Sky Rescue (BSR蓝天救援队) is a Chinese volunteer team. It brings help and hope to people in floods, earthquakes or other natural 301 (disaster). The members in BSR all need training to be 302 (prepare). They also lean how to use rescue tools and how to help people who are 303 (injure). In 2021, a sudden flood 304 (hit) a small town in Henan and caused heavy losses. On hearing the news, BSR headed there immediately with first-aid kits, flashlights and 305 (cook) food. As soon as they arrived there. They started to help people 306 need. They put up tents for those who had lost 307 (they) homes and took care of people who got hurt. Rescuing work is not easy. For example, there 308 (be) usually no electricity or water after a disaster, Also, there may be much danger around. And it takes time and courage to save people’s 309 (life). We may not know the names of the rescue workers, but we can take 310 (action) to support them. They are really heroes. 【答案】301．disasters 302．prepared 303．injured 304．hit 305．cooked 306．in 307．their 308．is 309．lives 310．action 【导语】本文介绍了中国志愿者团队“蓝天救援队（BSR）”的基本情况，包括队员的训练、2021年河南洪灾中的救援行动，以及救援工作的艰辛，呼吁人们支持这些英雄。 【详解】301．句意：它给处于洪灾、地震或其他自然灾害中的人们带来帮助和希望。“disaster”为可数名词，由“other”修饰，应用复数形式disasters。 302．句意：BSR的成员都需要训练以做好准备。此处作表语，表示“准备好的”，应用形容词prepared，be prepared意为“做好准备的”。 303．句意：他们还学习如何使用救援工具以及如何帮助受伤的人。此处作表语，表示“受伤的”，应用形容词injured。 304．句意：2021年，一场突如其来的洪水袭击了河南的一个小镇，造成了严重损失。根据“In 2021”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，hit的过去式仍为hit。 305．句意：BSR立即带着急救包、手电筒和熟食赶往那里。此处修饰名词“food”，表示“煮熟的食物”，应用过去分词cooked作定语。 306．句意：他们一到达那里，就开始帮助有需要的人。“in need”为固定短语，意为“有需要的”，故填介词in。 307．句意：他们为那些失去了家园的人搭建帐篷。“homes”是名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词their修饰。 308．句意：例如，灾难过后通常没有电和水。此处为there be句型，遵循“就近原则”，“electricity”为不可数名词，且描述一般性事实用一般现在时，故填is。 309．句意：拯救人们的生命需要时间和勇气。“life”为可数名词，由“people’s”修饰，表示多人的生命，应用复数形式lives。 310．句意：但我们可以采取行动来支持他们。“take action”为固定短语，意为“采取行动”，action为不可数名词。 31 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On a sunny morning in Beijing, about 40 people “watched” the Chinese street dance film One and Only. We could tell they were enjoying the film from their facial 311 (express). Xu Wei, who suffers from an eye disease, was one of 312 (they). This film is not the same as others. When the actors stop 313 (talk), audio (音频) descriptions explain what is happening on screen, allowing people 314 (follow) the story closely. “I’ve come here four times to enjoy these films. It 315 (true) means a lot to me,” Xu says. The film was made by Guangming Cinema, and so far, over 800 316 (volunteer) have helped make the special films. It takes about 28 days to finish one film, and they have successfully made more than 800! These films are 317 (importance) for people who have 318 (lose) their good eyesight. Some films are shown in special schools, and some are free online. In their spare time, 319 (this) people can enjoy art and talk about the films with others. These wonderful films make their lives 320 (good) and happier. 【答案】311．expressions 312．them 313．talking 314．to follow 315．truly 316．volunteers 317．important 318．lost 319．these 320．better 【导语】本文介绍了为视障人士制作的无障碍电影，讲述了这类电影的制作背景、意义，以及给视障人群生活带来的积极改变。 【详解】311．句意：我们可以从他们的面部表情看出他们很享受这部电影。“facial expressions”是固定搭配，表示“面部表情”，express的名词形式是expression，此处用复数expressions。 312．句意：患有眼疾的徐薇是他们中的一员。“one of”后接宾格代词，指代前面的“40 people”，所以they变为宾格them。 313．句意：当演员停止说话时，音频描述会解释屏幕上发生的事情。“stop doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“停止正在做的事”，所以talk变为动名词talking。 314．句意：让人们能够紧密跟随故事情节。“allow sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，所以用不定式to follow。 315．句意：“这对我来说真的意义重大，”徐薇说。“means”是动词，需要用副词修饰，true的副词形式是truly。 316．句意：到目前为止，已有超过800名志愿者帮助制作这些特殊电影。“over 800”后接可数名词复数，volunteer的复数形式是volunteers。 317．句意：这些电影对已经失去良好视力的人很重要。“are”后接形容词作表语，importance的形容词形式是important。 318．句意：这些电影对已经失去良好视力的人很重要。“have +过去分词”构成现在完成时，lose的过去分词是lost。 319．句意：在空闲时间，这些人可以欣赏艺术并和他人谈论电影。“people”是复数名词，前面用指示代词复数these修饰。 320．句意：这些精彩的电影让他们的生活变得更好、更快乐。“and happier”提示此处用比较级，good的比较级是better。 32 阅读下面短文并填空，填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词。 Mr. White is a 70-year-old man. His two sons work in America, so he lives alone in China. They only come back home during the Spring Festival. His neighbor, Gina, is 321 warm-hearted girl. She is always ready 322 (help) people around her. One cold afternoon, Gina knocked at Mr. White’s door to send him some hot dumplings made by 323 (she). She knocked again and again, but no one answered. “How strange! Mr. White always opens the door for me quickly. 324 he is very old, his hearing is good. There must be something wrong 325 him today,” Gina worried. So she 326 (call) some neighbors to open the door right away. When they got into the house, they saw the old man 327 (lie) on the floor. He had a sudden heart problem. Gina and her neighbors took Mr. White to the 328 (near) hospital at once. 329 (Luck), Mr. White got better after three days’ treatment. “I can’t imagine what would happen if you didn’t find me. I’m so lucky to have such kind neighbors,” Mr. White said with 330 (tear) in his eyes. 【答案】321．a 322．to help 323．herself 324．Although/Though 325．with 326．called 327．lying 328．nearest 329．Luckily 330．tears 【导语】本文讲述了一位独居老人突发心脏病，被热心的邻居Gina及时发现并送往医院救治的故事。 【详解】321．句意：他的邻居Gina是一个热心的女孩。“girl”是可数名词单数，且“warm-hearted”以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词“a”表示“一个”。因此填入a。 322．句意：她总是准备好帮助她周围的人。“be ready to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“准备好做某事”，因此需要填入动词不定式to help。 323．句意：一个寒冷的下午，Gina敲了White先生的门，给他送一些她自己做的热饺子。 空处表示“她自己做的”，需用反身代词herself，“by herself”意为“靠她自己”。 324．句意：虽然他年纪很大了，但他的听力很好。前后句存在让步关系，Although/Though意为“虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境。 325．句意：今天他一定出了什么事。空处所在句子结构为“something wrong ____ him”，“There is something wrong with sb.”是固定句型，意为“某人出了某事/某人有毛病”，因此填入with。 326．句意：所以她立刻打电话给一些邻居来开门。根据上下文时态，文章使用一般过去时，此处需用“call”的过去式called。 327．句意：当他们进入房子时，他们看到老人正躺在地上。“see sb. doing sth.”意为“看到某人正在做某事”，因此需要填入现在分词lying。 328．句意：Gina和她的邻居们立刻把White先生送到了最近的医院。空处所在句子表示“最近的医院”，需用“near”的最高级nearest。 329．句意：幸运的是，White先生经过三天的治疗后好多了。此处需用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，“Luck”的副词形式是Luckily，意为“幸运地是”。 330．句意：White先生眼里含着泪水说。“tear”表示“泪水”时常用复数形式“tears”，因此填入tears。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $