北京市朝阳区初二英语下学期期末测试（外研版八年级下册全册）

**基本信息** 北京市朝阳区初二英语下学期期末测试（外研八下全册）以原创试题为主，融合科技前沿（AI、仿生技术）、文化传承（都江堰）、环保与成长等真实情境，全面考查语言能力、思维品质与文化意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|12题/6分|代词、介词、时态等语法点|原创情境题，如太空船发射时间提问，考查语法在真实语境中的应用| |完形填空|1题/8分|动词短语、上下文理解|以大象被小绳束缚的故事，引导学生反思“自我设限”，渗透思维品质培养| |阅读理解|4篇/26分|细节理解、推理判断等|涵盖可再生能源工程师等职业匹配（A篇）、仿生技术助人与动物（C篇），素材兼具时代性与教育意义| |任务型阅读|1题/10分|信息提取与整合|以都江堰水利工程为素材，考查“与自然共生”的古老智慧，强化文化意识| |文段表达|2选1/10分|叙事与感悟表达|“失败经历”“传递帮助”主题贴近学生生活，提升语言表达与价值观念塑造|

北京市朝阳区初二英语下学期期末测试 (外研新教材八下全册) 一、（原创）单项填空答案与解析（6分） 1. 答案：C 解析：第一空修饰名词 notebook，用形容词性物主代词 your；第二空无名词，用名词性物主代词 mine。 2. 答案：C 解析：具体某一天的下午用 on；所属关系用 of，即 on the afternoon of May 15th。 3. 答案：B 解析：Although 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”。Even 不能单独引导从句。 4. 答案：D 解析：对“in + 一段时间”提问，用 How soon（多久以后）。 How long的回答是For + 一段时间。 5. 答案：B 解析：主语是 the famous singer，together with... 结构不影响主谓一致，谓语用单数 gives。 6. 答案：D 解析：Where were we? 表“刚才说到哪儿”，用一般过去时；第二空强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 were telling。 7. 答案：B 解析：right now 表示此刻正在发生，用现在进行时 is spreading。 8. 答案：D 解析：for two weeks 时间段要求延续性动词，has kept 正确；otherwise 后引导的句子表示如果不还书将会发生的后果，用一般将来时 will have。 9. 答案：A 解析：sell well 主动表被动；in a few days 将来时间，且 tickets 与 sell out 被动，用 will be sold。 10. 答案：D 解析：last year 一般过去时被动 was built；后一分句强调已变成受欢迎的地方，用现在完成时 has become。 11. 答案：A 解析：禁止玩火用 mustn't；可能性推测（可能烧伤）用 may。 12. 答案：A 解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 B、C；for the coming vacation 将来时，用 where he will go。 二、（原创）完形填空答案与解析(8分) 试题来源：https://www.inspirationalstories.eu/inspirational-stories-for-children/ 13.答案：B (passing by) 解析：本空考查动词短语辨析，描述主人公看到大象“经过”的场景。passing by 意为“经过”，描述主人公看大象从身边走过的场景，符合语境。A项 running by（跑过）与大象悠闲行走的状态不符；C项 hurrying by（匆忙经过）原文无“匆忙”含义；D项 standing by（站在旁边）与“看着它们经过”矛盾。 14.答案：D (small) 解析：本空考查形容词辨析，修饰 rope。后文提到“the same size rope”（同一尺寸的绳子）以及小象阶段就能拴住，说明绳子是“小的”。big（大的）、long（长的）、thick（粗的）均与逻辑相反，大象长大后绳子未换，但最初是用小绳子拴小象。 15.答案：A (easily) 解析：本空考查副词辨析，修饰 run away。句意：它们本可以“轻易地”逃跑。easily 表示“容易地，不费力地”，符合大象力气大的事实。hardly（几乎不）语义相反。certainly（当然）语气过于绝对，原文不是强调必然性。possibly（可能）语气较弱，不如 easily 准确表达“轻而易举”。 16.答案：C (trainer) 解析：本空考查名词辨析。后文直接出现“the trainer explained”，因此前文应为 trainer（驯兽师）。keeper（饲养员）虽然也与动物相关，但通常不负责“解释为什么动物不逃跑”这种训练层面的问题。dealer（经销商）、owner（主人）均不符合对话场景。 17.答案：B (get away) 解析：本空考查动词短语辨析。get away 意为“逃脱，离开”，符合大象被拴住但不尝试挣脱的语境。take away（带走）、put away（收拾）、give away（捐赠）均与“逃脱”无关。 18.答案：A (break free) 解析：本空考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些强壮的大象本可以随时“挣脱”。break free 是固定短语，意为“挣脱，逃脱”，常与绳子、束缚搭配。set free（释放）主语通常是人或第三方，大象自己不能说“set free”。feel free（随意）语义完全不同。make free 不是正确搭配。 19.答案：D (impossible) 解析：本空考查形容词辨析。句意：因为它们相信这是“不可能的”。unbelievable（难以置信的）强调惊讶，不是大象的主观信念。disappointed（失望的）、careless（粗心的）与语境无关。 20.答案：C (stop trying) 解析：stop trying 意为“停止尝试”，对应后文“never give up”（永不放弃）的反义行为——人们往往在第一次失败后就放弃尝试。A项 keep trying（继续尝试）与原文“never give up”语义相同，但文中描述的是“像大象一样的人”会放弃，因此keep trying与句意相反；B项 start trying（开始尝试）不符合“失败后”的行为逻辑；D项 tired trying（疲惫的尝试）搭配错误且语义不通。 三、（原创）阅读理解答案与解析(26分) A篇 试题来源：Future of jobs report 2025 https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_Report_2025.pdf 21.B 解析：Lily明确提到保护地球（protect our planet）、太阳能和风能（solar energy, wind power）、创造清洁能源（create clean energy），与 Renewable Energy Engineer 的工作内容直接对应。干扰项 A、C、D 均与能源无关，易排除。 22.C 解析：Tommy喜欢处理数字（working with numbers）、找隐藏规律（finding hidden rules）、整理数据（organize data）、用数据指导商业决策（use data to guide business decisions），对应 Big Data Specialist。干扰项 A（AI）和 B（能源）有一定迷惑性，但题干中“data”关键词明显。 23.A 解析：Tiantian对机器如何像人一样思考（think like humans）着迷，自学编程（writing code）和聊天机器人（chatbots），目标是开发智能系统（intelligent systems），对应 AI and Machine Learning Specialist。干扰项 C（大数据）和 D（金融科技）需要辨析“智能系统”与“数据处理”的区别。 B篇 试题来源：多维阅读16级——Down the Drain 24. D 解析：本题为事实细节题，考查学生获取和梳理语篇中关键信息的能力。原文明确写道：他们先“dropped sticks into the drain”（木棍），然后Kat拿来“a spoon and a fork”。因此，最先使用的物品是“木棍、勺子和叉子”。A项中“leaves”在首段出现，但未用于游戏；B项“脏袜子”和C项“瓷娃娃”都是后续扔的物品，不是最先使用的。 25. B 解析：本题为事实细节与因果推理题，考查学生理解语篇中句子之间逻辑关系的能力。父亲明确解释：“Rubbish in the river takes away oxygen. Without oxygen, plants die. Then animals die because they have no food.” 垃圾通过消耗氧气→植物死亡→动物失去食物而死亡。选项B“垃圾会对动植物造成伤害”是对这一因果链条的准确概括。A项“木棍直接杀死鱼”原文未提及；C项“脏水污染环境”虽有一定道理，但未触及“缺氧导致生物死亡”的核心机制，属于表面现象；D项“水带走了食物”与原文“动物因植物死亡而无食物”逻辑相反。 26. C 解析：本题为标题含义理解题，考查学生分析语篇深层含义和作者写作意图的能力。“Down the drain”在英语中是习语，字面意为“进入下水道”，引申义为“浪费、白费、化为乌有”。文中孩子们把有用和无用的物品都扔进排水管，最终污染河流，这些行为既是资源的浪费，也是对环境的破坏。作者使用这个双关标题，旨在暗示孩子们的行为是浪费且有害的。A项与文章批判游戏的态度相反；B项仅解释了字面功能，未触及寓意；D项虽描述了部分事实，但未体现作者隐含的批评态度。 C篇 试题来源：多维阅读16级：As good as new-almost 27. B 解析：本题为事实细节题，考查学生获取和梳理语篇中关键信息的能力。原文明确写道：“Fuji is a dolphin that lost her real tail fin because of a disease. A rubber fin was made for her... Now Fuji can swim and leap again.” 选项B“她获得了人造尾巴并能像以前一样活动”准确概括了Fuji的遭遇及结果。A项“因事故失去身体部位”错误，她因病失去尾鳍，且“body parts”不准确；C项“被猎人射杀”张冠李戴，是鹰Beauty的遭遇；D项“因未知疾病差点死去”文中未提及“差点死去”，且未突出最终得到帮助恢复功能的核心信息。 28. C 解析：本题为推理判断题，考查学生理解语篇中作者观点和隐含意义的能力。文章结尾句“People and animals can now have bionic parts that are almost as good as new.”是对前文四个案例的总结：Nadya能像美人鱼游泳、Fuji能再次跳跃、Beauty能正常进食、Oscar能行走。选项C“因为它们功能良好，帮助使用者回归以往的生活”准确解释了“almost as good as new”的内涵——功能恢复而非外观相似。A项“外观和新的一样”文中未强调且语法已修正为地道表达；B项“不会损坏或老化”夸大其词；D项“可轻易修复且无差别”无依据。 29. D 解析：本题为主旨大意题，考查学生归纳语篇主旨要义的能力。文章通过Nadya、Fuji、Beauty、Oscar四个真实案例，介绍了仿生技术如何帮助人和动物恢复身体功能，属于科普说明文。选项D“向读者介绍一种新的仿生技术”准确概括了写作目的。A项“解释人造身体部件如何工作”过于细节，文中未深入解释原理；B项“呼吁帮助残疾人和动物”偏离主题；C项“表明技术能帮助人和动物永生”夸大其词，原文只说“almost as good as new”。 D篇 试题来源：https://medium.com/@merily/7-stories-that-prove-the-importance-of-teamwork-ab37907453f0 30. C 解析：本题为事实细节题，考查学生获取和梳理语篇中关键信息的能力。原文第三段明确定义：“groupthink, where team members go along with the majority opinion just to avoid disagreement.” 选项C“它通常以一些团队成员放弃自己的观点告终”是原文的同义转述。A项“通过合作实现目标”将群体思维误认为有效合作方式；B项“降低创造力”虽与原文“shut down creativity”部分相符，但原因“不是每个人都参与讨论”与原文“随大流”不符；D项“帮助团队快速决策而不浪费太多时间”与原文“lead to poor decisions”矛盾。 31. A 解析：本题为词义猜测题，考查学生根据上下文推断生词含义的能力。原文第三段：“Some members may dominate the conversation while others stay silent, which wastes the team‘s full potential.” 与“stay silent”形成对比的是少数成员“控制或主导”对话。选项A“控制或支配他人”准确表达了dominate在文中的含义。B项“认真倾听他人意见”与沉默者行为一致；C项“避免表达自己观点”也与沉默者相符；D项“大声说想说的话”强调音量而非主导。 32. A 解析：本题为推理判断题中的“论证目的题”，考查学生识别例证与论点之间逻辑关系的能力。第五段先介绍Google研究，紧接着给出研究发现：“It wasn’t about having the smartest people or the most experienced leaders. Instead, what mattered most was psychological safety.” 作者引用该研究的目的是呈现Google发现的关键要素——心理安全是团队成功的核心因素。选项A“呈现Google发现的团队成功最重要的要素”准确概括了这一写作意图。B项“表明分享不成熟的想法是有效学习方式”仅为心理安全团队的表现之一，非研究引用目的；C项“论证高心理安全感下没人会受到惩罚”虽部分正确，但非研究主要结论；D项“证明最聪明的人比有经验的领导者更重要”与原文否定两者相悖。 33. D 解析：本题为主旨大意题，考查学生归纳语篇主旨要义的能力。文章末段明确提出“Effective teamwork is not something we are born knowing how to do. It is a skill we must practice and develop.”——团队合作是需要后天练习和发展的技能，这是全文的核心观点。选项D“论证团队合作是一种并非天生获得的技能”准确概括了核心观点。A项“比较世界各地团队建立信任的不同策略”文中未涉及；B项“证明整体大于部分之和”是结尾金句，但非全文主旨；C项“建议如何在团队中解决问题以获得更好结果”虽有指导性，但未突出“需要练习”这一核心论点，概括不够精准。 四、（原创）任务型阅读（10分） 试题来源： https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202512/21/WS69480e78a310d6866eb2fb30.html https://english.news.cn/20250322/71c69e6e6c0f4053bb1e52a2fafefeaf/c.html 34. 答案：To control floods and provide water for farming on the Chengdu Plain. 解析：本题为事实细节题。原文第一段明确指出都江堰的功能，第二段补充了修建的必要性（旱涝灾害）。 35.答案：It uses the natural shape of the river and the land to divide the water into two parts. One part goes to irrigate the dry farmlands, and the other part continues along the natural river course to carry away floodwaters. 或概括：It uses three parts—Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou—to guide, divide and control the flow of water naturally. 解析：本题为信息整合题。可从第三、四段提取核心原理，表达出“分水、灌溉、排洪”的关键。 36. 答案：It controls the amount of water entering the farmland, ensuring that neither too much nor too little water reaches the crops. 解析：本题为事实细节题。答案直接来自第四段对Baopingkou功能的描述。 37. 答案： 示例一（侧重历史与功能）: First, I would introduce its long history—it was built over 2,000 years ago and is still working today. Second, I would explain how it works: it guides the river instead of blocking it, using three clever parts to control flooding and provide water for farming. 示例二（侧重智慧与影响）: First, I would mention that Dujiangyan helped turn the Chengdu Plain into the “Land of Heaven” by solving flood and drought problems. Second, I would share the ancient wisdom behind it—working with nature, not against it—which is still valuable for modern environmental challenges. 示例三（侧重设计与原理）: First, I would talk about its three main parts: Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou. They work together naturally without any machine. Second, I would explain how it divides the river into two streams—one for irrigation, one for flood control. 五、文段表达（10分） 题目1-参考答案 Last term, I failed my math exam. I felt very disappointed because I had studied hard but still got a low score. At first, I wanted to give up. But my teacher encouraged me to find out my mistakes. I reviewed my wrong answers and practiced more every day. Finally, I did better in the next exam. From this experience, I learned that failure is not the end. It can teach us how to improve. As long as we never give up, we can turn failure into success. 题目2-参考答案 Last year, I had difficulty learning English. My friend Lily helped me every day after school. She explained grammar rules and practiced conversations with me. With her help, I made great progress. Later, I saw a new classmate struggling with math. I remembered how Lily had helped me, so I decided to help him. I spent time explaining problems and sharing my study methods. He became more confident. I felt happy that I could pass on the kindness. Helping others not only makes them feel better, but also brings warmth to ourselves. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市朝阳区初二英语下学期期末测试 (外研新教材八下全册) 1、 (原创)单项填空(6分) 1. — Is this _________ notebook, Mike? — No, it's not _________. It looks like Linda's. A. yours; my   B. your; me  C. your; mine  D. yours; mine 2. We will have a parents' meeting _________ the afternoon _________ May 15th. Please don't be late. A. on; in   B. at; on   C. on; of   D. in; in 3. _________ he stayed up late to finish the project, he still felt energetic the next morning and did a great job in the presentation. A. So   B. Although   C. Because   D. Even 4. — _________ will the next spaceship to Mars be launched? — In about two months, I think. A. How long   B. How often   C. How far   D. How soon 5. The famous singer, together with his band members, _________ a charity concert in our city every summer. A. are giving   B. gives   C. give   D. have given 6. — Sorry, I was distracted and didn't pay attention to your words. Where _________ we? — Oh, it's OK! You __________ me about your birthday. A. were; told   B. have been; have told   C. are; are telling   D. were; were telling 7. — Why is everyone so excited? Has something happened? — Yes! The good news that our football team won the game _________ through the school right now. A. will spread   B. is spreading  C. has spread   D. spreads 8. — Why is Tom in such a hurry to go to the library? — Because he ____ the book for two weeks, so he must return it now. Otherwise, he ___ to pay a fine. A. kept; would have B. has borrowed; will have   C. borrowed; would have   D. has kept; will have 9. — Are you going to Jay Chou's concert next month? — I'd love to, but I heard the tickets _________ very well online and they _________ out completely in just a few days. Maybe I'm too late. A. sell; will be sold   B. will be sold; sell   C. will sell; are sold   D. are sold; will be sold 10. The new community fitness center _________ last year and it _________ a popular place for the residents in the neighborhood. A. was building; is becoming   B. is built; becomes   C. built; became   D. was built; has become 11. Mike, you _________ play with fire. You _________ burn yourself. A. mustn't; may   B. don't have to; can't   C. mustn't; shouldn't   D. shouldn't; must 12. — Can you tell me _________ for the coming vacation? — To Beijing. He wants to visit the Great Wall. A. where he will go   B. where does he go   C. where will he go   D. where he goes 二、(原创)完形填空(8分) A man was spending his holiday in Africa. One day, he walked through a wildlife reserve(保护区) and watched the elephants 13. __________. To his great surprise, these giant and energetic animals were being held only by a 14. __________ rope, tied to their front leg. Obviously, they could 15. __________ run away at any moment. However, they did not. The man stood there for a long time, trying to understand this challenge to his common sense. Then he saw a 16. __________ and asked him, "How could it happen that not a single elephant makes an attempt to escape?" The trainer explained: "When the elephants are very young, we use the same size rope to tie them, and at that time it is enough to hold them. As they grow up day by day, their strength increases, but they never try to 17. __________. Why? Because they remind themselves that the rope will still hold them. They have learned to believe in their own weakness." The man was stunned by hearing the truth. These strong animals could 18. __________ at any moment, but they did not, because they believed that this was 19. __________. The trainer added with a warm smile, "Sometimes, the only thing that stops us is not the rope itself, but the memory of past failures. That's why we should never let fear disappear our courage." As the sun began to set, the man realized an important lesson. "Sometimes people act just like elephants," he thought. "They 20. __________ after the first failure, forgetting that failures are part of learning. If we want to succeed, we should never give up, but try and try again. Life is full of warmth and new chances, and the real strength comes from our will to rise every time we fall upon difficulties." 13. A. running by B. passing by C. hurrying by D. standing by 14. A. big   B. long   C. thick   D. small 15. A. easily   B. hardly   C. certainly   D. possibly 16. A. keeper   B. dealer   C. trainer   D. owner 17. A. take away   B. get away   C. put away   D. give away 18. A. break free   B. set free   C. feel free   D. make free 19. A. careless   B. unbelievable  C. disappointed  D. impossible 20. A. keep trying   B. start trying   C. stop trying   D. tired trying 3、 (原创)阅读理解(26分) A Please help the following three students find their dream jobs in the future. ____21____ I want to protect our planet. I learn about solar energy and wind power at school. My dream is to create clean energy for everyone. I hope future generations can live in a better world. 22 I enjoy working with numbers and finding hidden rules in large datasets. My teacher often asks me to help organize class survey results. In the future, I want to use data to guide business decisions. 23 I am fascinated by how machines can think like humans. I have been learning to write code and making simple chatbots by myself. My goal is to develop intelligent systems that can truly understand people's needs. A AI and Machine Learning Specialist — Builds smart systems and teaches computers to learn from experience. B Renewable Energy Engineer — Develops clean energy solutions like solar and wind power to fight climate change. C Big Data Specialist — Collects, organizes, and studies large amounts of data to help organizations make better decisions. D FinTech Engineer — Designs digital payment platforms and online banking tools for financial companies. B Down the drain Jack and his sister Kat loved their new house. At the bottom of the yard, there was a river. They often hung over the fence, watching leaves and sticks swirl (旋转) past. One day, Jack found a drain pipe in the ground. His father explained that it carried rainwater underground down to the river. Suddenly, Jack had a "great" idea. He pulled off the cover with a pole (杆子). "Let's put sticks down here and see whose stick reaches the river first," he said. They dropped sticks into the drain and ran to the fence. They watched the sticks shoot out of the pipe and fall into the river. Jack cheered that his stick was faster. Then Kat had an idea. She got a spoon and a fork. They dropped them in. The spoon always came out first. Jack didn't like losing, so they kept repeating the game. Soon they began dropping things they didn't want: unfinished lunch, dirty socks, even Kat's unfashionable jacket. "Down the drain" became their favorite game. But the socks and jacket never made it to the river. One day, their mother, Mrs. Duggan, was walking in her new shoes when she suddenly sank into the wet ground. Water was bubbling out of the drain pipe like a fizzy drink. When Jack and Kat got home, they saw a digger and a big mess. Their father was holding Jack's wet socks and Kat's muddy jacket. Mr. and Mrs. Duggan were cross. "You could have killed the river!" they said. Jack was surprised. "How can you kill a river?" "Rubbish in the river takes away oxygen," his father explained. "Without oxygen, plants die. Then animals die because they have no food. The whole river could become lifeless ." Jack and Kat felt ashamed. They realized their "game" had hurt the river—the source of life for many creatures. After that, they spent many weekends at the beach, picking up rubbish: old shoes, plastic bottles, even nappies (尿布). Their mum was also mad when she found out about the dolls. But Jack noticed his father smile. Maybe he thought sending those dolls down the drain wasn't such a bad idea after all. Now Jack and Kat have learned a valuable lesson. They understand that living with nature means protecting it. A clean river brings life and joy; a polluted one brings only sadness. As they say in their textbook, "The river is not just water—it is a home, a gift , and a partner of our life. 24. What did Jack and Kat first use to play the "down the drain" game? A. Sticks and leaves from the river. B. Dirty socks and an unfashionable jacket. C. Their mother's old china dolls. D. A spoon, a fork and some sticks. 25. Why did Mr. Duggan say Jack and Kat could have killed the river? A. Because too many sticks had already killed the fish in the river. B. Because rubbish in the river would be harmful to plants and animals. C. Because the dirty water from the drain polluted the river environment. D. Because the river plants took away animals' food in the river. 26. Why does the writer use the title "Down the drain"? A. To show that the game was an interesting way to have fun. B. To explain why drain pipe plays an important role in nature. C. To suggest that the children's actions were wasteful and harmful. D. To describe where all the unwanted things finally go. C As Good as New — Almost Nadya was a child who had one leg amputated. Later, her other leg was also removed. Doctors made her artificial legs so she could walk. Nadya loved swimming, but she had to take off her legs before getting into the water. One day, a boy asked why she had no legs. "I'm a mermaid," she said. That gave her an idea: if she had a mermaid's tail, she could swim like one. She went to a workshop that made movie creatures. The people there built a spine(脊柱) and tail fin from strong plastic, and covered them with wetsuit material. They printed patterns on the outside to make it look real. Soon Nadya could swim like a mermaid. Today, doctors attach artificial parts straight into bones, and skin grows around to stop infection(感染). Now people use the same idea to help animals too. Fuji is a dolphin that lost her real tail fin because of a disease. A rubber fin was made for her, and after many tries, it worked. Now Fuji can swim and leap again. Beauty is a bald eagle. A hunter shot off half her beak, leaving only a stump. Scientists built a new beak. They sanded it many times to make it fit perfectly. Oscar the cat lost his two back paws in an accident. A doctor drilled holes into Oscar's legs and put rods(金属棒) into the bones. The cat's skin grew over the metal. People and animals can now have bionic parts that are almost as good as new. 27.What happened to Fuji the dolphin? A. She lost her body parts by accident. B. She got an artificial tail and can function as before. C. She was shot by a hunter. D. She was nearly killed due to an unknown disease. 28. Why does the writer say bionic parts are "almost as good as new"? A. Because they just look the same as the brand new ones. B. Because they will be strong enough and will not break or get old. C. Because they work well and help receivers go back to their old lives. D. Because they can be easily fixed and have no difference from the old ones. 29. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how artificial body parts work. B. To ask readers to help disabled people as well as animals. C. To show that technology can help people and animals live forever. D. To tell readers about a new bionic technology. D Why is teamwork so important? Many people believe that bringing a group together automatically leads to better results. However, without the right mindset and skills, teamwork can sometimes feel like a waste of time. Good teamwork is not about simply getting people to work side by side. The real value of teamwork comes from collaboration(合作) —the process where team members actively share ideas, support one another, and build on each other's strengths. When a team truly collaborates, it can solve problems faster, learn more quickly from mistakes, and achieve goals that no one could reach alone. But effective teamwork doesn't happen overnight. One common challenge is "groupthink", where team members go along with the majority opinion just to avoid disagreement. This can shut down creativity and lead to poor decisions. Another challenge is unbalanced participation. Some members may dominate the conversation while others stay silent, which wastes the team’s full potential (潜力) . How can teams overcome these difficulties? Research shows that successful teams share several key strategies. First, they create a safe environment where everyone feels comfortable expressing different opinions. Second, they set clear roles and goals, so each member understands what they are expected to make every effort to turn team better and better. Third, they build trust through open communication and mutual support. In such teams, members are not afraid to ask for help or admit mistakes. Perhaps the most important insight comes from a 2012 study by Google, which analyzed hundreds of its own teams to find out what made some perform better than others. The answer was surprising. It wasn't about having the smartest people or the most experienced leaders. Instead, what mattered most was psychological safety — the shared belief that the team is safe for taking risks without being punished . In teams with high psychological safety, members felt comfortable sharing half-formed ideas, admitting when they were wrong, and asking for help when they got stuck. These teams learned faster, made fewer mistakes, and produced better results over time. Effective teamwork is not something we are born knowing how to do. It is a skill we must practice and develop. Each of us can start by listening more carefully, offering help to teammates, and being open to others’ ideas. When we do, we may find that the whole is truly greater than the sum(总和) of its parts. 30. What can we learn about "groupthink" from the passage? A. It could be a way to achieve goals by working together. B. It may reduce creativity because not everyone takes part in the discussions. C. It usually ends up with some team members giving up their own views. D. It can help teams make quick decisions without wasting much time. 31. The word dominate in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. to control or have power over others B. to listen carefully to others’ opinions C. to avoid expressing one’s own ideas D. to say loudly whatever they want to say 32. Why does the writer mention Google's 2012 study in Paragraph 5? A. To present the key element that Google found most important for team success. B. To show that sharing half-formed ideas is an effective way to learn faster. C. To argue that no one will be punished when they have high psychological safety. D. To prove that having the smartest people is more important than having the experienced leaders. 33. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage? A. To compare different strategies for building trust in teams around the world. B. To prove that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. C. To suggest how to solve problems in a team for better results. D. To argue that teamwork is a skill which is not naturally gained. 四、(原创)任务型阅读(10分) Dujiangyan: Ancient Wisdom for Living with Nature In the southwestern part of China, there is a famous ancient water conservancy project called Dujiangyan. It was first built around 256 BC by Li Bing, a governor of Shu County, and his son. For over 2,000 years, this amazing project has been controlling floods and providing water for farming on the Chengdu Plain. Thanks to Dujiangyan, the Chengdu Plain became known as the "Land of Heaven"—a place rich in crops and full of life. But why was Dujiangyan so necessary? In ancient times, the Minjiang River often brought great disasters. In the rainy season, the river would rise quickly and flood the low-lying land. In the dry season, there would be no water at all for farming. The local people suffered from both floods and droughts year after year. Something had to be done. Unlike many other water projects that simply build huge dams(大坝) to block the river, Dujiangyan takes a different and much smarter method. Its main idea is to guide the river, not to fight it. The project uses the natural shape of the river and the land to divide the water into two parts. One part is channeled to irrigate(灌溉) the dry farmlands; the other part continues along the natural river course to carry away floodwaters. The design of Dujiangyan includes three important parts: Yuzui(鱼嘴), Feishayan(飞沙堰), and Baopingkou(宝瓶口). Yuzui is an artificial levee that cuts the Minjiang River into an inner and an outer stream. Feishayan acts like a natural floodgate, allowing extra water to safely flow back into the outer river when the water level gets too high. Baopingkou, a narrow channel cut through the mountain, controls the amount of water entering the farmland, ensuring neither too much nor too little water reaches the crops. The beauty of this system is that all three parts work together naturally without any machine or electricity. The river does the work itself. What makes Dujiangyan so special is the wisdom behind it. Instead of trying to control nature, the ancient Chinese learned to work with nature. They watched the river, understood its behavior, and used its own power to solve the problems it created. This is what we call "Living with Nature"—a philosophy that teaches us to respect the natural world and live in harmony with it. Today, after more than 2,000 years, Dujiangyan is still working perfectly. It has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and stands as a symbol of ancient Chinese wisdom and the beautiful relationship between humans and nature. 34. Why was Dujiangyan built? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________35. How does Dujiangyan control the flow of water? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________36. What is the function of Baopingkou? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 37. If you are asked to introduce Dujiangyan to foreign visitors, what will you include in your speech? (Please give two points.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、文段表达(10分) 题目1 生活中，我们都会遇到失败或挫折。但这些经历往往教会我们成长。某英文网站正在开展以“The Time I Failed”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，分享你一次失败的经历，以及你从中学到了什么。 提示词语： exam, practice, disappointed, try again, never give up 内容提示： (1) What was your failure? (2) How did you deal with it? (3) What did you learn from it? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题目2 善良和帮助是可以传递的。当我们接受他人的帮助后，也常常会主动去帮助别人。某英文网站正在开展以“Passing on Help”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，讲述一个你帮助他人或他人帮助你的故事，并谈谈你的感受。 提示词语：difficulty, encourage, support, touched, pass on 内容提示： (1) Who helped you or whom did you help? (2) What happened? (3) How did you feel? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Sheet1 题号 题型 分值 知识点 难度系数 （预估） 1 单项选择 0.5 代词（形容词性/名词性物主代词） 0.75 2 单项选择 0.5 时间介词（on + 具体某天上/下午，of 表所属） 0.7 3 单项选择 0.5 连词（让步状语从句 although 与 even 的区别） 0.65 4 单项选择 0.5 特殊疑问词（how soon 与 how long 辨析） 0.7 5 单项选择 0.5 主谓一致（together with 结构，一般现在时） 0.68 6 单项选择 0.5 一般过去时 & 过去进行时（对话语境） 0.6 7 单项选择 0.5 现在进行时（right now 标志词） 0.72 8 单项选择 0.5 现在完成时（延续性动词）+ 一般将来时 0.55 9 单项选择 0.5 主动表被动（sell well）+ 一般将来时被动语态 0.58 10 单项选择 0.5 一般过去时被动语态 + 现在完成时 0.62 11 单项选择 0.5 情态动词（mustn’t 禁止，may 可能性推测） 0.68 12 单项选择 0.5 宾语从句（陈述语序，一般将来时） 0.7 13 完形填空 1 动词短语辨析（passing by） 0.65 14 完形填空 1 形容词辨析（small 与尺寸相关） 0.7 15 完形填空 1 副词辨析（easily 表能力） 0.68 16 完形填空 1 名词辨析（职业名词 trainer） 0.6 17 完形填空 1 动词短语辨析（get away 表逃脱） 0.62 18 完形填空 1 动词短语辨析（break free 固定搭配） 0.58 19 完形填空 1 形容词辨析（impossible 逻辑推断） 0.55 20 完形填空 1 动词短语辨析（stop trying 与 give up 同义） 0.6 21 阅读理解A篇 2 信息匹配（归纳与推断）——根据人物描述提取关键信息（职业兴趣：可再生能源）。 0.8 22 阅读理解A篇 2 信息匹配（归纳与推断）——根据人物描述提取关键信息（职业兴趣：大数据）。 0.75 23 阅读理解A篇 2 信息匹配（归纳与推断）——根据人物描述提取关键信息（职业兴趣：AI与机器学习）。 0.78 24 阅读理解B篇 2 获取和梳理书面语篇中的关键信息（事实细节题——区分事件发生的先后顺序） 0.68 25 阅读理解B篇 2 推断信息之间的逻辑关系（因果推理题——理解垃圾→耗氧→植物死亡→动物死亡的因果链） 0.66 26 阅读理解B篇 2 推断语篇的深层含义，分析作者写作意图（标题含义理解题——理解习语的双关意义及作者的批判态度） 0.7 27 阅读理解C篇 2 理解性技能：获取和梳理书面语篇中的关键信息（事实细节题——辨别事件主体与结果） 0.7 28 阅读理解C篇 2 思维品质：理解作者的观点和隐含意义（推理判断题——分析文中关键句的深层含义） 0.68 29 阅读理解C篇 2 思维品质：归纳语篇的主旨要义（主旨大意题——区分说明目的与细节） 0.72 30 阅读理解D篇 2 理解性技能：获取和梳理书面语篇中的关键信息（事实细节题——理解“群体思维”定义及影响） 0.68 31 阅读理解D篇 2 词汇知识：根据上下文推断书面语篇中生词的含义（词义猜测题——结合对比关系推测动词含义） 0.65 32 阅读理解D篇 2 思维品质：推理信息之间的逻辑关系（论证目的题——识别例证与论点之间的关联） 0.66 33 阅读理解D篇 2 思维品质：归纳语篇的主旨要义（主旨大意题——区分核心论点与细节信息） 0.7 34 阅读表达 2 理解性技能：获取和梳理书面语篇中的关键信息（细节提取——修建目的） 0.72 35 阅读表达 2 理解性技能：梳理书面语篇的脉络和梗概，整合关键信息（信息归纳——工作原理） 0.68 36 阅读表达 2 理解性技能：获取和梳理书面语篇中的具体信息（细节定位——宝瓶口功能） 0.7 37 阅读表达 4 思维品质：基于文本进行信息整合与创造性表达（开放性介绍题——提取要点组织介绍） 0.68 38① 文段表达 10 表达性技能：围绕相关主题，用所学语言描述个人经历，表达情感、态度和观点（三级—9年级） 0.7 38② 文段表达 10 表达性技能：围绕相关主题，用所学语言叙述事件，传递情感，表达感恩与善意（三级—9年级） 0.7 $