2026届最新高考英语模拟组合练（上海专用）（语法填空5篇+完形填空5篇+选词填空5篇）

**基本信息** 聚焦语法、词汇、语篇三大模块，通过15篇模拟题系统训练语言知识应用与语境理解能力，贴合上海高考命题趋势，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|5篇，每篇10空|给定词填适当形式+自由填空，考查语法规则与语境连贯|从基础语法（时态、冠词）到复杂结构（从句连接词、非谓语），逻辑链为“语境理解→语法匹配→形式转换”| |选词填空|5篇，11词选10词|考查词汇辨析、固定搭配及语境语义|涵盖动/名/形等词性，逻辑链为“词义理解→上下文匹配→词性/搭配验证”| |完形填空|5篇，每篇15空|四选一，考查语篇逻辑与词汇运用|涉及记叙/议论体裁，逻辑链为“语篇把握→逻辑关系（转折/因果）→词义/搭配适配”|

2026届最新高考模拟组合练（上海专用） （语法填空5篇+完形填空5篇+选词填空5篇） 一、语法填空 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. 【答案】 1．could 2．none 3．forgetting 4．what 5．With 6．unlike 7．are losing/have lost 8．to describe 9．Although/Though/While 10．across 【导语】文章介绍随着网络与数码设备普及、拼音输入盛行，国人出现提笔忘字的现象，分析了成因、现状及相关调查情况。 1．考查情态动词。句意：由于我感冒了，我打算写一张便条取消下午的约会，却突然发现自己想不起“喷嚏”这个词的汉字该怎么写。根据主句谓语found可知，此处描述过去发现的情况，表过去“不能够”记得，用一般过去时，情态动词can用过去式could。 2．考查代词。句意：令我惊讶的是，他们三个人没有一个能正确写出这个字。前文提到三个朋友，none指代三者及以上“都不”，none of them符合“三个都没能正确写出来”的语境。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：很难想象哈佛大学三名英国文学专业的博士生会忘记“喷嚏”这个英文单词怎么拼写。固定搭配imagine (sb.) doing sth.，意为“想象某人做某事”，用forget的动名词形式forgetting，作宾语。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：这是我第一次直接接触到如今在中国广为人知的所谓“汉字失忆症”：即使是受过高等教育的人也越来越忘记如何手写常见的汉字。with后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，指代“如今被称为‘汉字失忆症’的现象”，用连接代词what来引导。 5．考查介词。句意：随着计算机内存的指数级增长，汉字文字处理变得越来越常规且便捷。介词with表伴随，意为“随着”，句首首字母需大写。 6．考查介词。句意：标准的QWERTY键盘不仅支持拼音输入，还支持多种其他输入方式，使得和字母文字不同的汉字也能在网络空间轻松运行。 此处表示“和……不同，不像”，应用介词unlike作插入语，将汉字和字母文字对。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而这些进步也催生了一个独特的问题：如今人们正在逐渐丧失手写汉字的能力。空处作谓语，时间状语为nowadays，表现阶段正在持续发生的状态，用现在进行时，主语people为复数，系动词用are；“人们失去手写能力”是数字化发展带来的结果，也可用现在完成时。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：汉语中早就有“提笔忘字”这一说法，用来描述这种现象。句子已有谓语has had，空处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。 9．考查状语从句。句意：虽然严谨的实证研究寥寥无几，但《中国日报》的非正式调查显示，约八成受访者在日常生活中都有汉字失忆症的经历。空处引导让步状语从句，用although/though/while，意为“尽管”，句首首字母需大写。 10．考查介词。句意：已有相关研究着手探究其成因，但这些数据仍难以跨职业、跨学科进行评估。介词across表示“跨（不同领域）”，此处指“数据跨不同职业、学科很难评估”。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits. How Schools and Teachers Can Get Better at Cultural Competence Cultural competence is described as “having an awareness of one's own cultural identity and views about difference, and the ability to learn and build on the varying cultural and community norms of students and their families.” The differences 1 make individuals unique are essential elements of a society. When educators fail to acknowledge their own biases and assumptions, the obstacle of a student's developmental process is inevitable. Having good intentions is not sufficient; the actions are   2 will be seen and felt by students. What one individual may view as innocent   3 have harmful effects. Schools need to feel the urgency and race to end exclusionary practices by improving cultural awareness. Identify Areas for Growth — Everyone has a past and upbringing that has shaped the way they view the world. Those experiences 4 are not negative, but when these experiences twist the way a person views others, an adjustment may be required. A few years ago, a teacher entered my office upset about the disposition of a student. As the student stood beside the upset teacher, I began to listen to the teacher explain the incident. What was explained was the reality that the teacher was upset with the student's disrespectful attitude. I asked for more details about the   5 (perceive) disrespectful nature of the attitude. The teacher described colloquialism, tone, and a lack of eye contact. At that moment I dismissed the student and explained that the student was not being disrespectful, but rather what the teacher was experiencing was the method of communication in which the student interacts with his community. Educators must have an inner dialogue to determine what experiences have shaped the teacher's views of students. Districts must create space to have a   6 (broad) discussion and be realistic about how teachers' individual bias affect the rights of students. The space for a macro conversation for the district is necessary and must be accompanied with   7 cultural awareness is reflected in individual buildings. Listen and Observe — What may seem as a simple task is rarely practiced. The beginning of understanding is listening. When one is constantly talking, there is no room 8 listening. As dean of school culture, I oversaw discipline at a predominantly black school. A white foreign student, frequently in trouble, complained but no one listened. Mediation revealed he felt unwelcomed and misunderstood. We failed him by not addressing his needs. Districts and educators fail at cultural awareness because listening 9 (not initiate). Listen to the parents, listen to the students, listen to your peers, listen to your staff. 10 what you hear confirms what you see, act. Far too often districts fail to see because they fail to listen. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．what 3．can/may 4．themselves 5．perceived 6．broader 7．how 8．for 9．is not initiated 10．When/If 【导语】主要探讨学校与教师应当如何提升文化素养，剖析认知偏见带来的问题，并给出自我审视、倾听观察等可行改进方法。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这些让个体变得独一无二的差异是一个社会必不可少的组成部分。此处引导定语从句，先行词为differences指代事物，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which。 2．考查表语从句。句意：有良好的意图是不够的；行动才是学生将看到和感受到的东西。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物，应用what引导。 3．考查情态动词。句意：一个人眼中无伤大雅的举动，或许会产生不良影响。结合句意，此处表示“可能、能够”，情态动词can或may符合语境。 4．考查代词。句意：那些经历本身并无坏处，但当经历扭曲了一个人看待他人的方式时，就需要做出调整。此处反身代词作同位语，指代experiences，所以用themselves。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：我要求进一步了解这种被认为无礼的态度相关细节。此处作定语修饰名词nature，perceive与逻辑主语nature之间为被动关系，用过去分词perceived。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：学区必须留出空间开展更为广泛的讨论，正视教师个人偏见对学生权益造成的影响。此处表示与以往相比进行“更广泛的”讨论，暗含对比含义，需用形容词比较级，broad的比较级为broader。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：学区层面的宏观交流必不可少，同时也要明确文化素养如何在各个校区落地体现。此处为介词with后的宾语从句，从句结构完整，表示方式，意为“如何”，应用连接副词how引导。 8．考查介词。句意：当一个人不停诉说时，就没有倾听的余地。此处为固定搭配room for意为“……的空间”，所以此处为介词for。 9．考查动词语态。句意：学区和教师文化素养不足，原因在于主动倾听的行为并未被践行。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观现状用一般现在时，主语listening与initiate之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is not initiated。 10．考查状语从句。句意：当/如果你听闻的内容与所见情形相符时，再采取行动。此处引导时间或条件状语从句，表达“当……时”或“如果”的含义，所以用连词when或if，位于句首，首字母需大写。 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits the blank. Passage 3 Breaking the Streak (连续打卡) Have you ever noticed yourself stuck in a streak on a social media app? Maybe you’re practicing a language daily, or posting your   1 (late) achievements for friends to see. These little reminders are meant 2 (keep) you motivated, but after a while, keeping up with them can be tiring. No wonder people start asking: why do these habits form so easily, and can they actually be broken? Researchers 3 (study) social media habits for decades, and it turns out they’re driven by simple psychological rewards. Apps 4 most users create profiles and interact with others provide rewards that encourage them to return. Sometimes, it’s obvious — a “like”, a comment, or a message. Other times, it’s quieter — a little moment of satisfaction or feeling 5 (connect). Over time, these rewards link the app to certain situations. For instance, 6 you tend to grab your phone when you’re bored, your brain starts connecting that boredom with opening the app. It soon becomes automatic, and even a notification (通知), a free moment, or your mood can serve as a cue (暗示) for the habit without thinking. The good news? These habits 7 (not set) in stone. Since they rely on learned connections, you can weaken them by changing your routine or limiting exposure 8 the reminders. Turning off notifications, moving apps out of easy reach, or doing something else instead can all help break the cycle. Understanding 9 social media habits work gives you the upper hand. Once you spot the cues and rewards 10 (drive) your behavior, you can make smarter choices about when and how to use these apps. 【答案】 1．latest 2．to keep 3．have studied/have been studying 4．where 5．connected 6．if 7．aren’t set 8．to 9．how 10．driving 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在社交媒体上容易陷入连续打卡的习惯，分析了这种习惯形成的心理原因，并给出了打破这种习惯的方法。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：也许你每天都在练习一门语言，或者发布你最新的成就给朋友看。此处修饰名词achievements表示“最新的”，应用late的最高级latest作定语。故填latest。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些小小的提醒旨在让你保持动力，但一段时间后，坚持下去可能会很累。固定搭配be meant to do sth.意为“旨在做某事、被用来做某事”，不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。 3．考查动词时态。句意：研究人员几十年来一直在研究社交媒体习惯，结果发现这些习惯是由简单的心理奖励驱动的。根据时间状语“for decades”可知，句子应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，前者侧重强调研究的完成性或成果，后者侧重强调研究的持续性。主语“Researchers”为复数，助动词用have。故填have studied/have been studying。 4．考查定语从句。句意：大多数用户创建个人资料并与他人互动的应用程序，会提供奖励来鼓励他们返回。此处为定语从句，先行词为Apps，指物，关系词从句中作地点状语（在这些应用程序中），应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查形容词。句意：其他时候，它更微妙——一点点满足感或连接感。此处为系动词feel的表语，应用过去分词转化的形容词connected，表示“有联系的、有归属感的”。故填connected。 6．考查连词。句意：例如，如果你在无聊的时候倾向于拿起手机，你的大脑就会开始将这种无聊与打开应用程序联系起来。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用连词if。故填if。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这些习惯并非一成不变。空处作句子的谓语，根据语境可知，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“These habits”和动词“set”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are，否定形式为aren’t。故填aren’t set。 8．考查介词。句意：因为它们依赖于习得的联系，你可以通过改变日常习惯或限制接触提醒来削弱它们。固定搭配exposure to意为“接触、暴露于……”。故填to。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：了解社交媒体习惯是如何运作的，能让你占上风。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何、怎样”，应用连接副词how引导。故填how。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你发现了驱动你行为的线索和奖励，你就可以更明智地选择何时以及如何使用这些应用程序。空处作定语，drive和逻辑主语the cues and rewards之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填driving。 Passage 4 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang. Her passion for Dunhuang 1 (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who 2 (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long 3 he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. 4 (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, 5 is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped 6 (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. Chang Shana made copies of the murals 7 the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and 8 the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career. Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs 9 (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work 10 (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on. 【答案】 1．was inspired 2．had won 3．before 4．Having traveled/Having travelled 5．which 6．funding 7．under 8．how 9．based 10．to make 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国著名艺术家常沙娜与其父亲常书鸿毕生致力于敦煌艺术的保护与传承的故事。 1．考查时态语态。句意：她对敦煌的热爱受到父亲常书鸿的启发，常书鸿常被称为引入敦煌艺术的先驱。主语Her passion与inspire之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，故填was inspired。 2．考查时态。句意：1943年，她的父亲当时还是一位在法国赢得过多枚奖牌的有前途的艺术家，在阅读了有关敦煌洞窟艺术的文章后，决心为敦煌做出贡献。根据时间状语In 1943以及语境可知，win这一动作发生在made up his mind之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had won。 3．考查连词。句意：没过多久，他就搬到了中国西北甘肃省的一个偏远县城敦煌。It wasn’t long before...是固定句型，表示“没过多久就……”。故填before。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：1943年秋天，这家人沿着崎岖的道路走了整整一个月，到达了尘土飞扬却令人兴奋的敦煌莫高窟。travel在句中作非谓语动词，travel这一动作发生在arrived之前，且与主语the family之间是主动关系，应用现在分词的完成式作状语。故填Having travel(l)ed。 5．考查定语从句。句意：1944年，常书鸿创办了敦煌艺术研究所，即现在的敦煌研究院。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dunhuang Art Institute，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，战争期间，政府停止了对敦煌艺术研究院的资助。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填funding。 7．考查介词。句意：常沙娜在父亲、研究所的研究人员和来访艺术家的指导下临摹壁画。under the guidance of...是固定短语，表示“在……的指导下”。故填under。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：她了解了很多关于壁画的知识，以及壁画的风格是如何演变的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how引导该宾语从句。故填how。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：常完成了许多基于敦煌壁画的关键设计，包括人民大会堂的天花板。base在句中作定语，be based on表示“以……为基础”，所以空处应用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰designs。故填based。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：她现在正与一个电子商务平台合作推广她的作品，以确保这门千年艺术得以延续。make在句中作非谓语动词，此处表目的，应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to make。 Passage 5 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Urban Beekeeping Grows in Popularity Urban beekeeping has become a surprising trend in cities across Europe and North America in recent years. It has spread to neighborhoods 1 green spaces are scarce and concrete buildings stand tall, drawing people who once had little connection with nature. What was once a hobby for a small group of nature lovers is now a movement that attracts all walks of life, and the reason behind it is clear: bees are vital to our ecosystem, and their numbers 2 (drop) sharply in the past few decades due to pollution and habitat loss. City dwellers are eager to do their part to protect these tiny creatures. Many public beehives 3 (set) up on the roofs of libraries, museums and office buildings in recent years, providing a safe home for bees while educating the public about their importance. A British university study made a striking finding: honey from urban hives is of 4 (high) quality than that from rural ones, thanks to the diverse nectar from the various flowers growing in city parks and along streets. 5 the sweet honey is a nice bonus for beekeepers, the real reward is helping to save these important insects from extinction. Urban beekeepers often share their experiences online, 6 (hope) to encourage more people to join the movement. They also note that caring for bees teaches patience and mindfulness, qualities hard to find in the fast pace of modern city life. Not everyone is in favor of this urban trend, though. Some experts warn that 7 (introduce) too many honeybees into cities could harm native bee species, so cities should focus on creating a better environment 8 bees first instead of just adding more beehives. Local governments have taken the advice seriously and built more community gardens, which support both wild and farmed bees in urban areas. For those who take up urban beekeeping, the experience is often life-changing. A Parisian beekeeper, 9 (inspire) by her childhood love for nature, keeps hives on her apartment roof and checks on her bees every morning before work. She says this small routine is 10 precious moment of calm in her busy life, and she hopes more people will choose to join in the effort to protect bees. As bees thrive in cities, so will the plants and animals that depend on them, creating a healthier and more balanced urban ecosystem. 【答案】 1．where 2．have dropped 3．have been set 4．higher 5．While/Though/Although 6．hoping 7．introducing 8．for 9．inspired 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市养蜂业在欧美越来越受欢迎的现象、原因、积极影响以及存在的争议和解决方案。 1．考查定语从句。句意：它已经蔓延到绿色空间稀缺、混凝土建筑高耸的社区，吸引了曾经与自然联系甚少的人们。“________ green spaces are scarce and concrete buildings stand tall”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词neighborhood，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 2．考查时态。句意：曾经只是一小群自然爱好者的爱好，现在却成为一场吸引各行各业人士的运动，其背后的原因显而易见：蜜蜂对我们的生态系统至关重要，而在过去的几十年里，由于污染和栖息地的丧失，它们的数量急剧下降。drop(下降)是并列分句中谓语动词，与主语their numbers之间是主动关系，根据时间状语“in the past few decades”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have dropped。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，许多公共蜂箱被安置在图书馆、博物馆和办公楼的屋顶上，为蜜蜂提供了一个安全的家，同时也向公众宣传它们的重要性。set(安置)是谓语动词，与主语Many public beehives之间是动宾关系，根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的动词，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been set。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：英国一所大学的一项研究有了一个惊人的发现：由于城市公园和街道两旁生长着各种各样的花朵，城市蜂巢中的蜂蜜质量比农村蜂巢中的蜂蜜更高。根据比较级的标志词than可知，此处用形容词high的比较级形式higher作定语，修饰名词quality。故填higher。 5．考查状语从句。句意：虽然甜美的蜂蜜对养蜂人来说是一个不错的奖励，但真正的奖励是帮助拯救这些重要的昆虫免于灭绝。根据句意可知，“the sweet honey is a nice bonus for beekeepers”和“the real reward is helping to save these important insects from extinction”之间是转折关系，用连词while/though/although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，句首单词首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：城市养蜂人经常在网上分享他们的经验，希望能鼓励更多的人加入这项运动。share作谓语动词，“(hope) to encourage more people to join the movement”作伴随状语，hope(希望)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语Urban beekeepers之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填hoping。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些专家警告说，将过多的蜜蜂引入城市可能会危害本地蜜蜂物种，因此城市应该首先专注于为蜜蜂创造一个更好的环境，而不仅仅是增加更多的蜂箱。“(introduce) too many honeybees into cities”作宾语从句主语，introduce(引入)用动名词形式，构成动名词短语作主语。故填introducing。 8．考查介词。句意：一些专家警告说，将过多的蜜蜂引入城市可能会危害本地蜜蜂物种，因此城市应该首先专注于为蜜蜂创造一个更好的环境，而不仅仅是增加更多的蜂箱。根据句意，表示“为蜜蜂创造一个更好的环境”，用介词for构成介词短语for bees。故填for。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位巴黎养蜂人受到她童年对自然的热爱的启发，在公寓屋顶上养蜂，每天上班前都会检查她的蜜蜂。“(inspire) by her childhood love for nature”作原因状语，inspire(启发)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语A Parisian beekeeper之间是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动。故填inspired。 10．考查冠词。句意：她说，这个小习惯是她忙碌生活中一段珍贵的平静时刻，她希望更多的人能选择加入保护蜜蜂的行动中。moment(时刻)是可数名词单数，泛指“一段珍贵的平静时刻”，且precious发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 二、选词填空 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cost B．channel C． enduring D．engineer E. finer F. grouped G. growing H. literally I. manual J. overturning K. split Video game makers must address worries about addictiveness No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their smartphones. Today, however, ever more doctors are using the term 1 . On January 1st “gaming disorder” — in which games are played compulsively, despite causing harm — gains recognition from the World Health Organisation (WHO), as the newest edition of its diagnostic 2 comes into force. Are games really addictive? Psychologists are 3 . The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Killjoys of the past issued similarly warnings about television, rock’n’ roll, jazz, and even crossword puzzles. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely 4 its own time in the stocks before it eventually ceases to be controversial. However, some opponents argue that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to 5 their products to make them irresistible. The motive arises from a business-model shift. In the old days games were bought for a one-off 6 . These days, many use a “freemium” model, in which the game is free and money is made from purchases of in-game goods. That ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). Smartphones and modern consoles use their permanent internet connections to 7 gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly fine-tuned to boost spending. While psychologists argue the 8 points of what exactly counts as addiction, and whether gaming’s design tricks cross the line, the industry should recognise that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is 9 . Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO code, diagnoses will become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting chillier. And being 10 in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favours. 【答案】 1．H 2．I 3．K 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．E 9．G 10．F 【导语】文章主要讨论了电子游戏成瘾问题及游戏产业面临的监管与舆论挑战。 1．考查副词。 句意：然而如今，越来越多的医生正字面意义上使用上瘾这个词。根据“parents have complained that their children are “addicted””及“ever more doctors are using the term”可知，医生不再委婉提及，而是真正、字面意义上使用“上瘾”这一术语，用副词literally“逐字地、真正地”，修饰using，作状语。 2．考查名词。 句意：1月1日，随着世界卫生组织（WHO）最新版诊断手册正式生效，“游戏障碍”—— 即强迫性玩游戏且造成伤害 —— 获得了该组织的认可。本空作宾语，用名词，根据上文“gains recognition from the WHO”可知，此处指世卫组织的诊断手册，用名词manual“手册”，diagnostic manual意为“诊断手册”。 3．考查形容词。 句意：心理学家们意见分歧。根据下文“The case for the defence is”及“some opponents argue that”可知，心理学家们存在分歧，本空用形容词split“分离的”，作表语。 4．考查动词。 句意：作为新兴大众媒介，游戏只是正在熬过备受非议的阶段，最终将不再充满争议。根据“its own time in the stocks before it eventually ceases to be controversial”可知，作者认为游戏只是在忍受、熬过争议时期，本空用动词endure“忍受”，此处用现在分词enduring，与is构成进行时。 5．考查动词。 句意：游戏开发者既有动机也有手段去设计他们的产品使其令人无法抗拒。根据“their products to make them irresistible. The motive arises from a business-model shift”可知，此处指开发者有手段去“设计/策划”产品，本空用动词engineer“精心设计”，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。 6．考查名词。 句意：在过去，游戏是以一次性费用购买的。根据下文“These days, many use a “freemium” model, in which the game is free and money is made from purchases of in-game goods”可知，下文对比过去的一次性付费模式，本空用名词cost，作宾语，one-off cost意为“一次性费用”。 7．考查动词。 句意：智能手机和现代游戏机利用其永久的网络连接将游戏数据输送回开发者。根据下文“gameplay data back to developers”可知，数据被“输送/传输”回开发者，本空用动词channel，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。channel...back to意为“把……输送回”。 8．考查形容词。 句意：尽管心理学家们还在争论界定成瘾行为的更细节的要点，以及游戏的设计套路是否触碰底线，但游戏行业应当认清，在现实层面行业确实存在隐患，且这一问题正日益加剧。根据下文“points of what exactly counts as addiction”可知，此处指争论上瘾定义的“更细微之处”，本空用形容词finer“更细致的，更细微的”，作定语。 9．考查形容词。 句意：尽管心理学家们还在争论界定成瘾行为的更细节的要点，以及游戏的设计套路是否触碰底线，但游戏行业应当认清，在现实层面行业确实存在隐患，且这一问题正日益加剧。根据后文“diagnoses will become more common.”诊疗机构生意火爆可知，成瘾问题不断加剧，用形容词growing“不断加剧的”，作表语。 10．考查动词。 句意：无论公平与否，在公众心目中被与赌博和烟草归为一类，对这个行业没有任何好处。根据下文“with gambling and tobacco”可知，此处指被“归为一类”，用过去分词grouped，be grouped with意为“被与……归为一类”。 Passage 2 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．matched   B．original   C． preserved   D．pressed   E. records   F. reflect G. reliable   H. revealed   I. shapes   J. subsequently   K. unexpectedly Reading the trees By analysing variations in tree rings across forests worldwide, Neil Pederson and his team at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have constructed an extensive climatic record, tracing patterns of drought and rainfall over hundreds to thousands of years. Their work is based on the principle that tree rings 1 annual growth conditions: larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought. In 2010, while investigating the effects of climate change over the past twenty years in Mongolia, the team 2 encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields. Although their 3 aim was to study the impact of climate change on wildfires in Mongolia’s forests, this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research. The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions in which the dead pines could remain 4 for centuries, offering the team another research project: creating a record of climate change by reading the pine-rings. As they were 5 for time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, some of their cross sections, pieces of trunks made by cutting across them, 6 signs of great age. One Siberian pine alone contained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries of growth. The tree-ring record suggested that the site might have undergone unusually long environmental changes. Moreover, just by looking at the unusual 7 of these old trees — wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth, the researchers were able to identify their great age. To get records of wetness, the Pederson’s team cross-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and 8 patterns of large and small rings through time. They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections, gradually building a(n) 9 record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context. What began as a short field trip with a different research goal finally produced detailed data of Mongolia’s drought and rainfall periods over about 1,100 years, well beyond the region’s previous 10 . 【答案】 1．F 2．K 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．H 7．I 8．A 9．G 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过分析树木年轮研究蒙古地区千年气候变迁，意外发现古松树并获得可靠气候记录。 1．考查动词。句意：他们的工作基于这样一个原理：年轮反映每年的生长条件：较大的年轮通常表示较湿润的时期，而较小的年轮则表明干旱。根据larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought可知，年轮反映每年的生长条件，reflect“反映”符合题意，主语rings为复数，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填F。 2．考查副词。句意：2010年，当研究蒙古过去20年气候变化的影响时，研究小组在霍尔戈熔岩场意外地发现了一群松树。根据encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields可知，研究小组是意外地发现了一群松树，unexpectedly“意外地”符合题意，修饰动词encountered，应用副词形式。故填K。 3．考查形容词。句意：虽然他们最初的目标是研究气候变化对蒙古森林野火的影响，但这一偶然的发现很快成为他们研究的焦点。根据this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research可知，研究气候变化对蒙古森林野火的影响是研究小组最初的目标，original“最初的”符合题意，修饰名词aim，应用形容词形式。故填B。 4．考查动词。句意：该地区的火山地貌和恶劣的气候创造了条件，使死松树能够保存数百年，为研究小组提供了另一个研究项目：通过阅读松树年轮来记录气候变化。根据The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions可知，死松树能够保存数百年，preserved“保存”符合题意，remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语，preserved为preserve的形容词形式，表示“保存完好的”。故填C。 5．考查动词。句意：由于时间紧迫，研究人员只对18棵松树进行了采样。根据sampled just eighteen pines可知，研究人员时间紧迫，pressed“紧迫的”符合题意，be pressed for time为固定短语，表示“时间紧迫”。故填D。 6．考查动词。句意：尽管样本有限，但他们的一些横截面，即通过横切树干制成的树干部件，显示出古老的迹象。根据signs of great age可知，一些横截面显示出古老的迹象，revealed“显示”符合题意，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填H。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，仅仅通过观察这些古树的不同寻常的形状——更宽的基部、蜿蜒的树干和再生的迹象，研究人员就能够确定它们的古老年龄。根据wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth可知，此处描述的是古树的不同寻常的形状，shapes“形状”符合题意，由wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth可知，应用名词复数形式。故填I。 8．考查动词。句意：为了获得湿度记录，佩德森的研究小组对不同的树木进行了交叉年代测定，并匹配了不同时期大小年轮的模式。根据patterns of large and small rings through time可知，研究小组匹配了不同时期大小年轮的模式，matched“匹配”符合题意，由cross-dated可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，and连接并列的谓语动词matched和cross-dated。故填A。 9．考查形容词。句意：他们将新发现的样本与早期的收藏结合起来，逐渐建立了该地区树木年龄及其气候背景的可靠记录。根据They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections可知，研究小组建立了该地区树木年龄及其气候背景的可靠记录，reliable“可靠的”符合题意，修饰名词record，应用形容词形式。故填G。 10．考查名词。句意：最初只是一次以不同研究目标为出发点的短期实地考察，最终产生了关于蒙古大约1100年来干旱和降雨时期的详细数据，远远超出了该地区以前的记录。根据上文record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context可知，此处指的是该地区以前的记录，records“记录”符合题意，由语境可知，应用名词复数形式。故填E。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accomplish    B．barely    C． contrast    D．decent E. demands    F. harmony    G. multiple    H. otherwise I. rewards    J. sources    K. timely Why Are Photos Taken During Blue Hour? As a professional photographer, I’ve taken many of my favorite pictures at blue hour — the time of day before sunrise or after sunset when the atmosphere has a deep, dark blue color. Blue hour is not really an hour — its exact length depends on your location, time of year, and weather conditions. The important thing is that the sun is a (n) 1 way beneath the horizon so the sky has neither too many nor too few sunrise or sunset colors — mainly just blue. There are reasons why blue hour is so precious. First, not as many people take photos at blue hour compared to sunrise and sunset. This gives you the chance to capture appealing images at popular locations with limited or even zero crowds. Second, blue hour seizes certain emotions in the scenes that are 2 tricky to express. The color blue carries its own unique emotional expression: sadness, peace, and so on. If your photo 3 such emotional expression, it’s hard to ignore this time of day. Third, blue hour combines tones of a photo into an integrated whole. I once struggled to keep colors in my photos in 4 for the best possible results but failed. Fortunately, the magic power of blue hour helps to 5 that. Green trees, yellow flowers and red rocks all appear some kind of blue — 6 colors go along well in the images taken at that time. Fourth, there is possibility that other 7 of light, such as warm light from buildings, create an important circumstance when portions of your photo do not turn blue during the blue hour. In such a case, your photo has a beautiful orange-blue color 8 — a lovely flavor beyond its previous harmonious presence. However, there is usually only a brief window when the natural and artificial lights are about the same brightness, so a (n) 9 click of the camera button is the critical step to make for the most even exposure between them. In spite of the careful techniques and right settings the blue hour photography requires, it 10 you with great pictures. The emotions of blue hour do not work for each scene or photo, but when they do, you will be amazed. 【答案】 1．D 2．H 3．E 4．F 5．A 6．G 7．J 8．C 9．K 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：作为专业摄影师，作者介绍了蓝调时刻适合拍照的原因，以及蓝调时刻摄影的注意事项和收获。 1．考查形容词。句意：重要的是，太阳刚好在地平线以下，所以天空中的日出或日落颜色既不太多也不太少——主要只是蓝色。空格处修饰way beneath the horizon，需要一个形容词，decent在这里作形容词可理解为“恰当的”，说明太阳刚好在地平线以下这个状态，符合语境。故选D项。 2．考查副词。句意：其次，蓝色时段捕捉到了场景中某些难以表达的情感。空格处修饰形容词“tricky”，“otherwise”作为副词，意思是“否则，要不然”，在这里表示这些情感“要不然”是难以表达的，即这些情感相当难以表达，符合语境。故选H项。 3．考查动词。句意：如果你的照片需要这样的情感表达，就很难忽略一天中的这个时段。空格处为条件状语从句中的谓语动词，主语your photo代指单数名词，demands“需要；要求”为动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选E项。 4．考查名词。句意：我曾经努力让照片中的色彩保持和谐以达到最佳效果，却失败了。空格处为介词in的宾语，harmony“和谐”为名词，“keep...in harmony”是固定搭配，表示“使……保持和谐”，符合句意。故选F项。 5．考查动词。句意：幸运的是，蓝调时刻的神奇魔力有助于实现这一点。空格处为help to后的动词原形，accomplish“实现；完成”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。 6．考查形容词。句意：绿树、黄花和红岩都呈现出某种蓝色——多种颜色在此时拍摄的画面中十分协调。空格处为定语，修饰名词colors，multiple“多种的；多样的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。 7．考查名词。句意：第四，有可能其他光源，如建筑物发出的暖光，在蓝色时段你的照片部分没有变成蓝色时，会创造一个重要的环境。空格处为介词of的宾语，sources意为“来源”，符合语境，表示其他光的来源。故选J项。 8．考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，你的照片会呈现出美丽的橙蓝色彩对比——一种超越此前和谐感的美妙格调。空格处为句子宾语，contrast“对比；对照”为名词，color contrast意为“色彩对比”，符合句意。故选C项。 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，自然光与人造光亮度相当的时间通常很短暂，所以及时按下快门是让两者曝光最均匀的关键一步。空格处为定语，修饰名词click，timely“及时的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。 10．考查动词。句意：尽管蓝调时刻摄影需要精心的技巧和正确的设置，但它会用出色的照片回报你。空格处为句子谓语动词，主语it代指蓝调时刻摄影，rewards“奖励；回报”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。 Passage 4 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．successfully  B．distinct    C． established   D．evaluated    E. consumed   F. complications   G. navigation  H. recreate  I. purposely  J. comprehend   K. reflective   The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Lighthouse of Alexandria is often referred to as “The Pharos of Alexandria”. For as long as historical buildings have been   1 , the Lighthouse of Alexandria is considered to have been one of the top three tallest structures in the world. It is preceded by the two pyramids identified as “Khufu” and “Khafra”. During the years of 956, 1303, and 1323, the immense structure received damage as a result of earthquakes that occurred in the area. The citizens of the time used a mixture of fire and 2 mirror like material in order to provide the lighting needed by ships to discover the port. Claims indicate that the light was so immense that ships as far out to sea as 35 miles could see the   3 light coming from the mysterious lighthouse. There are also legends that the fire emitted from the port was so protective that ships that contained enemies would be 4 at sea so that they would not reach the shores where the lighthouse stood. In the year of 1183, a traveler by the name of Ibn Jubayr observed the Lighthouse of Alexandria and made the following observation: “Description of it falls short, the eyes fail to 1 it, and words are inadequate, so vast is the spectacle...” In the year of 1994, scuba divers that specialize in archaeology searched the water near where the magnificent structure stood. They were able to 2 discover many different pieces of block and other construction materials. It is a mystery as to why the structure finally collapsed into the Mediterranean Sea. It has been 3 that the fall likely occurred in the year of 1326. There are many theories about the final collapse, but many agree that the earthquakes of the area probably resulted in the 4 . There are many other theories that indicate the structure may have been 5 destroyed due to rumors that there were great treasures buried underneath the structure. It is believed that a man identified as the “Caliph at Cairo” was told of a rumor from a neighboring port that extremely valuable treasures were under the building in order to eliminate the port as a   6 system into the area. While this is just a legend, could it have been what led to the fall of the Lighthouse of Alexandria? This remains to be one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of the world. 【答案】 1．C 2．K 3．B 4．E 5．J 6．A 7．D 8．F 9．I 10．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界古代七大奇迹之一的亚历山大灯塔的历史、功能、毁坏原因及相关传说。 1．考查动词。句意：自有历史建筑被建造以来，亚历山大灯塔就被认为是世界上最高的三大建筑之一。根据后文“the Lighthouse of Alexandria is considered to have been one of the top three tallest structures in the world.”可知，自有历史建筑被建造以来。空处在“have been”之后，构成现在完成时的被动语态，应用过去分词。established的过去分词为established，含义为“建立；建造”。 2．考查形容词。句意：当时的市民使用火和一种类似镜子的反光材料的混合物，以便为船只提供发现港口所需的照明。根据后文“mirror like materia”可知，利用一种类似镜子的反光材料。空处修饰名词“mirror like material”，应用形容词作定语。reflective为形容词，含义为“反光的；反射的”，与“mirror like”（像镜子一样的）语义呼应。 3．考查形容词。句意：有说法称，灯光如此强烈，以至于远至35英里外海上的船只都能看到这座神秘灯塔发出的清晰光线。根据前文“the light was so immense”可知，能看到这座神秘灯塔发出的清晰光线。空处修饰名词“light”，应用形容词作定语。distinct为形容词，含义为“清晰的；明显的”，用于描述远处可见的明亮光线。 4．考查动词。句意：还有传说称，港口发出的火如此具有保护性，以至于载有敌人的船只会在海上被烧毁，以免它们到达灯塔所在的岸边。 根据前文“the fire emitted from the port was so protective”可知，载有敌人的船只会在海上被烧毁。空处与would be构成被动语态，应用过去分词，consume的过去分词为consumed，含义为“烧毁、消耗”。 5．考查动词。句意：描述它显得苍白，眼睛无法理解它，言语亦显不足，景象如此宏伟……，根据后文“words are inadequate”可知，眼睛无法理解它。空处在不定式符号“to”之后，应用动词原形。comprehend为动词原形，含义为“理解、领会”，与”falls short”（显得不足）和“inadequate”（不充分）构成并列语义。 6．考查副词。句意：他们成功地发现了许多不同的石块和其他建筑材料。根据后文“discover many different pieces of block and other construction materials.”可知，发现了许多不同的石块和其他建筑材料。空处修饰动词“discover”，应用副词。successfully为副词，含义为“成功地”，说明考古潜水员的探索取得了成果。 7．考查动词。句意：据估计，倒塌很可能发生在1326年。根据后文“the fall likely”可知，这是在估计。空处在“has been”之后，构成现在完成时的被动语态，应用过去分词。evaluated的过去分词为evaluated，含义为“评估、估计”，常用于It has been evaluated that...（据估计……）的固定句型。 8．考查名词。句意：关于其最终的衰落有诸多说法，但许多人认为，该地区频发的地震很可能引发了一系列复杂问题。空处在定冠词“the”之后，应用名词。complications为名词复数，含义为“并发症、复杂情况、引发的问题”，此处指地震造成的复杂后果最终导致灯塔倒塌。 9．考查副词。句意：还有许多其他理论表明，该建筑可能是被故意摧毁的，因为有传言称建筑下埋藏着巨大的宝藏。 根据后文“there were great treasures buried underneath the structure.”可知，建筑可能是被故意摧毁的。空处修饰动词destroyed，应用副词，purposely为副词，含义为“故意地、蓄意地”。 10．考查名词。人们认为，一位被称作 “开罗哈里发” 的男子听闻了来自邻近港口的一则传闻：该建筑下方藏有价值连城的宝藏，而散播此传闻的目的，是为了废除该港口作为进入这一地区的导航系统。 根据全篇可知，灯塔是港口导航系统的重要组成部分。空处位于不定冠词a之后，应用名词，navigation为名词，含义为“导航、航行”。 Passage 5 Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．cover       B．landscape      C． narrative      D．meant      AB．celebrated      AC． proportion      AD．elaborate BC． fake       BD．inherited      CD．caution      ABC． seasonal Visitors to Shanghai are often advised to admire the skyline, respect the traffic, and prepare for prices that may occasionally hurt their feelings. To this list, the internet has lately added another 1 : do not, under any emotional impulse, raise a cup of Mixue Ice Cream & Tea too close to the Oriental Pearl, lest the   2 tower, acting in its newly-given capacity as an urban defence tower, open fire upon where you stand. In Shanghai, a wrong ceremonial choice leads to a grave danger. Shanghai is not merely a city but a(n) 3 , examination of taste. One may pass through it safely with a silk scarf, a restrained coffee order, and an expression suggesting that one has never compared prices in public. Mixue, however, enters this   4 like a cheerful Cinderella in a marble ballroom: innocent, inexpensive, and therefore intolerably easy to notice. How then is one to proceed? First, conceal panic. Nothing invites the Pearl’s laser attack faster than guilt. Walk calmly. Hold the cup not like illegal goods, but like   5 family treasure. Should passers-by glance in your direction, look faintly bored, as though your lemon tea were a limited   6 collaboration available only to those with strong emotional discipline. Second, choose the location wisely. The truly careful do not stand in open plazas beneath the skyline, waving a one-yuan ice-cream. One drinks in side streets, under huge trees, or beside a convenience store where every class of city life has long kept a practical peace. Urban survival, as ever, depends on   7 . Third, upgrade the   8 . If questioned, never say, “I bought Mixue because it was cheap.” That is the language of vulnerability. Say instead that you are conducting field research into mass-market beverage culture, or testing the resilience of popular brands in presence of the Pearl’s hostility. A serious tone can rescue any beverage. Lastly, remember that this article is only   9 as a funny joke. The Oriental Pearl has not yet destroyed a single citizen for crimes against boutique consumption. Shanghai remains a city where luxury and bargain, pride and joy, coexist in an uneasy but lively mixture. So drink your Mixue boldly — only not too boldly. Civilisation, after all, depends on   10 【答案】 1．CD 2．AB 3．AD 4．B 5．BD 6．ABC 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．AC 【导语】本文以调侃的语气讲述在上海东方明珠附近手持蜜雪冰城的“生存技巧”，介绍了如何低调、得体地在高端城市景观中平价消费，语言风趣，暗含对城市消费文化的趣味观察。 1．考查名词。最近，网络在这份建议清单上又多加了一条告诫：无论出于何种情绪冲动，都不要把蜜雪冰城的杯子举得离东方明珠太近，以免这座著名的塔楼以城市防御塔的新身份，向你所站的位置“开火”。another后接名词，结合语境表示“提醒、告诫”，应用名词caution作宾语。 2．考查形容词。句意：同上。修饰 tower，需用形容词，celebrated意为“著名的、闻名的”，符合东方明珠的地位。 3．考查形容词。句意：上海不仅仅是一座城市，更是一场讲究精致的品味考验。修饰名词examination，需用形容词，表示“精心的、精致考究的”。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，蜜雪冰城闯入这片城市景观，就像灰姑娘出现在大理石宴会厅里一样。this后接名词，landscape 表示“景观、景致”，对应上海的城市风貌。 5．考查形容词。句意：拿着杯子的样子不要像拿着违禁品，而要像捧着祖传的家族宝物。修饰名词family treasure，表示“继承下来的、祖传的”，应用形容词inherited。 6．考查形容词。句意：仿佛你的柠檬茶是一款限量季节性联名款，只供应给情绪自控力强的人。修饰名词collaboration，表示“季节的、季节性的”，应用形容词seasonal作定语。 7．考查名词。句意：人们会在小巷里、大树下，或是便利店旁喝（蜜雪冰城）—— 在这些地方，城市里各个阶层的人早已达成一种现实的和睦。城市生存之道，一如既往，在于隐蔽。此处应用名词作宾语，表示“掩护，隐蔽”，为名词cover，不可数。 8．考查名词。句意：第三，优化你的说辞。此处应用名词作宾语，upgrade the narrative表示 “把说法包装得更体面”，符合语境。 9．考查动词。句意：最后记住，这篇文章只是被当作一个有趣的玩笑而已。be meant as为固定搭配，意为“本意是、被当作”。 10．考查名词。句意：毕竟，文明取决于分寸与适度。此处应用名词作宾语，proportion表示“比例、适度、恰当的尺度”，符合语境。 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Are wealth taxes the best way to tax the ultra-rich? There have been calls to tax the rich ever since there have been taxes. One idea, though, arouses particularly fevered reactions: a tax on wealth, not just 1 . A conflict over such a plan is now dividing France, where there was a fierce debate in Parliament on Friday over proposals for a wealth tax. But the approach has been 2 politics in the United States and Europe for years as inequality has risen to astonishing levels and public debt has overloaded government budgets. At the Labour Party conference in Britain in October, delegates 3 a wealth tax.Surveys have shown three-quarters of Britons back the idea. Debate over the concept has been revived even in countries like Germany and Ireland that had 4 repealed (废除) their wealth taxes. And the Tax Observatory, a research organization funded by the European Union, has proposed a global minimum wealth tax of 2 percent on the world’s roughly 3,000 billionaires. To supporters, taxing an individual’s total assets — stocks, real estate, yachts, diamond tiaras, racehorses, art, fine wines, private islands and jets — rather than just income is one of the few ways to get people with dynastic wealth (世袭的财富) to pay their fair share. It is also necessary to 5 the increasing political power of the super-rich. To opponents, wealth taxes are 6 punishment of innovation and productivity, discouraging investment and compromising growth. They would also be an administrative 7 , they add. How would government tax collectors go about 8 a family’s valuable collections of Ferraris, Chippendales, Picassos, NFTs and Birken bags every year? Wealth taxes, though not as common as some other taxes, have actually been 9 for a long time. Such taxes were popular in Europe at times. 10 , twelve countries had versions in 1990, although in many — including Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Finland, Luxembourg — the taxes were later repealed. The reasons for the repeals included the difficulty of administration, the 11 on people who owned valuables but had little available cash, and the minimal amounts of revenue raised. But there has been a(n) 12 of support for wealth taxes on the ultra-rich in recent years, and much of it can be traced to Gabriel Zucman — who did groundbreaking work starting in the early 2010s documenting the stunning 13 of wealth around the world. Globally, the top 1 percent own roughly 43 percent of the world’s total wealth, according to Oxfam. Concerns about such inequality may 14 public support for wealth taxes. However, economic shocks and tight budgets historically have been the most common causes of their 15 , researchers have found. 1．A．stocks B．paychecks C．inheritance D．consumption 2．A．disrupting B．justifying C．restoring D．strengthening 3．A．called for B．doubted about C．held onto D．fended off 4．A．voluntarily B．reluctantly C．previously D．intentionally 5．A．fuel B．embrace C．exploit D．weaken 6．A．unintended B．due C．ridiculous D．authorized 7．A．obligation B．defect C．nightmare D．regulation 8．A．assessing B．relocating C．maintaining D．rearranging 9．A．under attack B．in existence C．in question D．under discussion 10．A．What’s more B．By contrast C．In consequence D．In fact 11．A．strain B．dependence C．trick D．focus 12．A．guarantee B．lack C．denial D．revival 13．A．explosion B．concentration C．distribution D．devaluation 14．A．shake B．prompt C．undermine D．revolutionize 15．A．absence B．dismissal C．passage D．dominance 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文围绕财富税展开，介绍其在欧美国家的争议、支持与反对观点、历史推行情况，以及近年重新受到关注的原因。 1．考查名词。句意：然而，有一个想法引发了尤为激烈的反响：对财富征税，而不仅仅是对收入征税。A. stocks股票；B. paychecks收入；C. inheritance遗产；D. consumption消费。根据下文“taxing an individual’s total assets — stocks, real estate, yachts, diamond tiaras, racehorses, art, fine wines, private islands and jets — rather than just income is one of the few ways to get people with dynastic wealth to pay their fair share.”可知，对个人的全部资产，而不仅仅是对收入征税，是让拥有世袭财富的人承担公平税负的少数途径之一，income与选项中的paychecks是照应关系。 2．考查动词。句意：但随着不平等现象上升到惊人程度，公共债务使政府预算不堪重负，这种方式多年来一直在扰乱美国和欧洲的政治。A. disrupting扰乱；B. justifying 证明……合理；C. restoring恢复；D. strengthening加强。根据上文“A conflict over such a plan is now dividing France”可知，财富税引发分歧、扰乱政治格局。 3．考查动词短语。句意：10月在英国工党大会上，代表们呼吁征收财富税。A. called for呼吁；B. doubted about怀疑；C. held onto坚持；D. fended off避开。根据下文“Debate over the concept has been revived even in countries”可知，前后存在转折对比，由此可推断代表们要求征收财富税。 4．考查副词。句意：即便在德国、爱尔兰等此前已废除财富税的国家，有关这一理念的讨论也重新兴起。A. voluntarily自愿地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. previously先前；D. intentionally故意地。根据“had” 和“repealed their wealth taxes”可知，这是过去完成时，强调动作发生在过去的过去。 5．考查动词。句意：这也有必要削弱超级富豪日益增长的政治权力。A. fuel加剧；B. embrace接纳；C. exploit利用；D. weaken削弱。根据上文“taxing an individual’s total assets — stocks, real estate, yachts, diamond tiaras, racehorses, art, fine wines, private islands and jets — rather than just income is one of the few ways to get people with dynastic wealth to pay their fair share.”可知，支持者认为对财富征税是为了让富豪履行纳税义务、约束其影响力，因此削弱富豪不断增强的政治权力是必要的。 6．考查形容词。句意：在反对者看来，财富税是对创新和生产力的荒谬惩罚，会抑制投资、阻碍经济增长。A. unintended无意的；B. due应得的；C. ridiculous荒谬的；D. authorized授权的。根据下文“discouraging investment and compromising growth”可知，反对者认为该税种不合理。是荒谬的惩罚。 7．考查名词。句意：他们补充说，这在行政上也会是一场噩梦。A. obligation义务；B. defect缺陷；C. nightmare噩梦；D. regulation监管。根据下文“How would government tax collectors go about assessing a family’s valuable collections every year?”可推断，财富税在执行、管理上难度极大，nightmare符合本句语境，凸显监管之难。 8．考查动词。句意：税务人员每年该如何评估一个家族收藏的法拉利、奇本代勒家具、毕加索画作、非同质化代币和柏金包等贵重物品的价值？A. assessing评估；B. relocating搬迁；C. maintaining维护；D. rearranging重新安排。依据后文原词复现assessing a family’s valuable collections可知，征收财富税需要对各类贵重资产进行价值估算。 9．考查介词短语。句意：财富税虽然不如其他一些税种普遍，但实际上已经存在很长时间了。A. under attack受抨击；B. in existence存在；C. in question受质疑；D. under discussion在讨论中。根据下文“Such taxes were popular in Europe at times.”可知，财富税长期存在。 10．考查介词短语。句意：事实上，1990 年时有12 个国家都实施过不同形式的财富税，尽管其中包括德国、瑞典、丹麦、奥地利、芬兰、卢森堡在内的许多国家后来都废除了这类税收。A. What’s more此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In consequence因此；D. In fact事实上。本句承接上文“Wealth taxes, though not as common as some other taxes, have actually been_________for a long time.”（空里填in existence），用具体国家实例佐证事实。 11．考查名词。句意：废除的原因包括征管难度、对拥有贵重物品但可用现金极少的人造成的压力，以及税收收入微薄。A. strain压力；B. dependence依赖；C. trick诡计；D. focus焦点。信息句：根据下文“owned valuables but had little available cash”可知，这类人群缴税压力大。 12．考查名词。句意：但近年来，针对超级富豪的财富税支持度再度复兴，这在很大程度上要归功于加布里埃尔·祖克曼——他自2010年代初便开展了开创性研究，记录了全球财富令人震惊的集中程度。A. guarantee保证；B. lack缺乏；C. denial否认；D. revival复兴。根据上文“Debate over the concept has been revived”可知，支持度重新高涨。 13．考查名词。句意：但近年来，针对超级富豪的财富税支持度再度复兴，这在很大程度上要归功于加布里埃尔·祖克曼——他自2010年代初便开展了开创性研究，记录了全球财富令人震惊的集中程度。A. explosion激增；B. concentration集中；C. distribution分配；D. devaluation贬值。根据下文“the top 1 percent own roughly 43 percent of the world’s total wealth”可知，最富有的1%的人口 拥有全球约43%的财富，即财富高度集中。 14．考查动词。句意：对这种不平等的担忧可能会促使公众支持财富税。A. shake动摇；B. prompt促使；C. undermine削弱；D. revolutionize变革。根据上文“the top 1 percent own roughly 43 percent of the world’s total wealth”和“Concerns about such inequality”可知，人们对贫富差距的担忧会促使对财富税的支持。 15．考查名词。句意：研究人员发现，从历史上看，经济冲击和预算紧张历来是这类税种获得通过的最常见原因。A. absence缺席；B. dismissal废除；C. passage通过；D. dominance主导。根据上文“economic shocks and tight budgets historically have been the most common causes”可知，经济与预算压力是财富税得以立法通过的主要原因。 Passage2 The sudden death of Zhang Xuefeng has pushed him into the centre of public debate. For many Chinese students and parents, he was not merely an internet educator. He was also a powerful symbol of a highly 1 age, in which college majors were judged mainly by salary, stability, and the chance of entering the civil service. This is why the debate around him should not end with 2 alone. The real question is whether choosing a university major must be as utilitarian (pursuing investment pay-offs) as he often suggested. Zhang became famous partly because he spoke in a direct and practical way. His remarks on journalism and his claim that “liberal arts are all service industries” caused strong 3 , and he later apologized. Yet these remarks also won support from many anxious families, because they seemed to offer clear answers in a(n) 4 world. To be fair, a practical view of education is not entirely wrong. For many ordinary families, especially those without much social capital, a college major is not a(n) 5 choice. It is closely connected with future income, employment pressure, and class mobility. In such cases, it is 6 that parents care about whether a subject can lead to a stable job. A poor family may simply not have the luxury to treat higher education as a(n) 7 adventure. In this sense, Zhang did meet a real social need: he turned hidden information into public advice, and he gave many families a sense of direction when they felt lost. 8 , practicality should not become the only standard. The problem with extreme utilitarianism is that it reduces knowledge to a mere tool and turns students into machines designed for the 9 market. A major is then valued only by one question: “Will it help me get a job quickly?” But society changes too fast for such calculations to remain 10 . Today’s “safe” major may be overcrowded tomorrow; today’s “useless” field may become newly 11 in a different economic or cultural climate. If everyone rushes toward the same options, the result may be not security, but another form of competition and disappointment. More importantly, education should do more than produce 12 . Literature, history, philosophy, journalism, and other humanities subjects may not always lead directly to high salaries, but they help people understand society, language, memory, justice, and the meaning of human life. Without such training, a person may become efficient, yet remain intellectually 13 . A society that laughs at all “useless” knowledge may lose the ability to reflect on itself. Therefore, college-major selection should be practical, but not blindly utilitarian. Students must consider jobs and reality, yet they should also consider interest, ability, and the deeper value of knowledge. Zhang Xuefeng’s popularity showed the anxiety of the age; his death now reminds us of something else: life is short, and education should not be reduced to nothing more than a race for 14 return. Between dream and survival, what young people need is not one extreme or the other, but a wiser 15 . 1．A．developed B．competitive C．digitised D．globalised 2．A．morality B．personality C．employment D．mourning 3．A．approval B．embarrassment C．controversy D．reflection 4．A．uncertain B．diverse C．unique D．massive 5．A．subjective B．abstract C．habitual D．psychological 6．A．regrettable B．understandable C．questionable D．admirable 7．A．rewarding B．commercial C．strategic D．romantic 8．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Furthermore 9．A．labour B．academic C．consumer D．financial 10．A．changeable B．beneficial C．flexible D．reliable 11．A．innovative B．irreplaceable C．demanding D．irreversible 12．A．workers B．scientists C．adventurers D．creators 13．A．productive B．instructive C．reflective D．passive 14．A．profitable B．immediate C．marginal D．successive 15．A．balance B．escape C．alternative D．pursuit 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了张雪峰之死引发的关于大学专业选择应实用但不应盲目功利化的讨论。 1．考查形容词。句意：对于许多中国学生和家长来说，他不仅仅是一个网络教育者，他还是一个高度竞争时代的有力象征，在这个时代，大学专业主要通过薪资、稳定性和进入公务员系统的机会来评判。A. developed发达的；B. competitive竞争的；C. digitised数字化的；D. globalised全球化的。根据后文“in which college majors were judged mainly by salary, stability, and the chance of entering the civil service”可知，大学专业主要通过薪资、稳定性和进入公务员系统的机会来评判，可见这是一个竞争激烈的时代。 2．考查名词。句意：这就是为什么围绕他的争论不应该仅仅以哀悼告终。A. morality道德；B. personality个性；C. employment就业；D. mourning哀悼。根据前文“The sudden death of Zhang Xuefeng has pushed him into the centre of public debate.”可知，张雪峰的突然去世使他成为公众辩论的中心，所以此处指围绕他的争论不应该仅仅以哀悼告终。 3．考查名词。句意：他对新闻学的评论以及他声称“文科都是服务业”引起了强烈争议，后来他道歉了。A. approval批准；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. controversy争议；D. reflection反思。根据前文“His remarks on journalism and his claim that “liberal arts are all service industries” caused strong”和后文“and he later apologized”可知，他后来道歉了，说明他的“文科都是服务业”言论引起了争议。 4．考查形容词。句意：然而，这些言论也得到了许多焦虑家庭的支持，因为它们似乎在一个不确定的世界中提供了明确的答案。A. uncertain不确定的；B. diverse多样的；C. unique独特的；D. massive巨大的。根据上文“won support from many anxious families”可知，这些言论得到了许多焦虑家庭的支持，说明这个世界是不确定的，所以人们需要明确的答案。 5．考查形容词。句意：对许多普通家庭，尤其是那些没有多少社会资本的家庭来说，大学专业不是一个抽象的选择。A. subjective主观的；B. abstract抽象的；C. habitual习惯的；D. psychological心理的。根据后文“It is closely connected with future income, employment pressure, and class mobility.”可知，大学专业与未来收入、就业压力和阶级流动性密切相关，所以这不是一个抽象的选择。 6．考查形容词。句意：在这种情况下，父母关心一门学科是否能带来稳定的工作是可以理解的。A. regrettable遗憾的；B. understandable可理解的；C. questionable可疑的；D. admirable令人钦佩的。根据前文“It is closely connected with future income, employment pressure, and class mobility.”可知，大学专业与未来收入、就业压力和阶级流动性密切相关，所以父母关心学科是否能带来稳定的工作是可以理解的。 7．考查形容词。句意：一个贫穷的家庭可能根本没有奢侈把高等教育当作一次浪漫的冒险。A. rewarding有回报的；B. commercial商业的；C. strategic战略的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据前文“A poor family may simply not have the luxury”可知，贫穷的家庭没有奢侈，所以他们不会把高等教育当作一次浪漫的冒险。 8．考查副词。句意：然而，实用性不应该成为唯一的标准。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Furthermore此外。根据后文“practicality should not become the only standard”可知，前文认可务实选专业有合理性，后文说务实不应成为唯一标准，前后转折关系，用However。 9．考查名词。句意：极端功利主义的问题在于，它把知识仅仅当作一种工具，把学生变成专为劳动力市场设计的机器。A. labour劳动力；B. academic学术；C. consumer消费者；D. financial金融。根据前文“turns students into machines”可知，学生被变成机器，说明这是为劳动力市场设计的。 10．考查形容词。句意：但社会变化太快，这样的计算无法保持可靠。A. changeable可变的；B. beneficial有益的；C. flexible灵活的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文“society changes too fast”可知，社会变化太快，所以这样的计算无法保持可靠。 11．考查形容词。句意：如今热门稳妥的专业，明天可能就会人满为患；当下看似“无用”的领域，在不同经济与文化环境下，或许会变得无可替代。A. innovative创新的；B. irreplaceable不可替代的；C. demanding要求高的；D. irreversible不可逆转的。根据前文“Today’s “safe” major may be overcrowded tomorrow; today’s “useless” field may become newly”和下文“If everyone rushes toward the same options, the result may be not security, but another form of competition and disappointment.”可知，如果所有人都扎堆涌向同一个选择，结果往往不是安稳稳妥，而是另一种内卷竞争与失望落空。所以当下看似“无用”的领域，在不同经济与文化环境下，或许会变得无可替代。 12．考查名词。句意：更重要的是，教育应该做的不仅仅是培养工人。A. workers工人；B. scientists科学家；C. adventurers冒险家；D. creators创造者。根据前文将大学专业和工作收入相联系的观点和后文“Literature, history, philosophy, journalism, and other humanities subjects may not always lead directly to high salaries”可知，文学、历史、哲学、新闻学和其他人文学科可能并不总是直接带来高薪，说明教育不仅仅是为了培养工人。 13．考查形容词。句意：没有这样的训练，一个人可能会变得高效，但在智力上仍然是被动的。A. productive多产的；B. instructive有启发性的；C. reflective反思的；D. passive被动的。根据前文“a person may become efficient, yet remain intellectually”可知，一个人可能会变得高效，但在智力上没有受到启发，所以仍然是被动的。 14．考查形容词。句意：生命短暂，教育不应沦为一场只为追求即时回报的竞赛。A. profitable有利可图的；B. immediate立即的；C. marginal边缘的；D. successive连续的。根据前文“education should not be reduced to nothing more than a race”可知，教育不应沦为一场竞赛，说明不是为了追求即时回报。 15．考查名词。句意：在梦想和生存之间，年轻人需要的不是非此即彼，而是一种更明智的平衡。A. balance平衡；B. escape逃跑；C. alternative替代品；D. pursuit追求。根据前文“not one extreme or the other”可知，年轻人需要不走极端，做出明智的平衡。 Passage 3 The first time I went to Europe alone I stayed at a youth hostel (旅社). Youth hostels have large dormitory-style rooms with bunk beds (双层床). They’re considerably cheaper than 1 hotels. I was in Paris for a week, and I had no idea what to expect. As I was going out to 2 the city on my first night, a young Japanese man asked if he could join me. We went to see Notre Dame, and my new friend taught me a Japanese word, “sugoi,” which means “awesome.” An elderly French woman we encountered on the street directed us to a subterranean party in a medieval (中世纪的) space where people danced to rock and roll songs. This was the first time I experienced a great advantage of youth hostels: They are not only relatively cheap but also provide a great opportunity for the 3 . In subsequent stays at youth hostels, I would meet the scion (后裔) of a rich New England family who was 4 to find meaning in his life, a lawyer going through a divorce, and a young African man looking for a girlfriend. I 5 to take trains over airplanes for the same reason: On trains, I talked with people from all walks of life — people who often shared their 6 of life with me. Meeting people from different backgrounds provides a 7 opportunity. You can learn from those people. 8 , one of the great advantages of colleges in the United States is that students meet, work with, and engage in discussions with people from different geographic and cultural backgrounds. But there is another advantage to this kind of socializing: It is rich in 9 . Like traveling to a new place, where you can’t really know what your experience will be like, meeting 10 strangers keeps you from falling into 11 expectations. You don’t know whether the people you meet will share your opinions, whether they’ll defer to (听从) you or 12 the conversation, or whether they’ll laugh at your jokes or make you laugh. I think this may be part of the attraction of “ 13 box” socializing, where people sign up to be matched with strangers for dinner, say, or a hike. When you sign up for such an event, you don’t know what kind of conversations you might have, or how you might interact with the other people who sign up. But that is the point. Sometimes it is good to 14 the unexpected. If you have the chance, you might give it a try — meet someone surprising, but stay 15 , of course. 1．A．old B．elderly C．frequent D．regular 2．A．expand B．explore C．exploit D．extend 3．A．inexperienced B．informed C．unexpected D．unguided 4．A．struggling B．fearing C．begging D．representing 5．A．opted B．objected C．orbited D．offered 6．A．possession B．property C．philosophy D．psychology 7．A．wealth B．growth C．youth D．warmth 8．A．In fact B．In contrast C．Above all D．After all 9．A．experiences B．miseries C．surprises D．emotions 10．A．random B．superior C．rigid D．academic 11．A．lazy B．busy C．crazy D．nasty 12．A．follow B．absorb C．dominate D．commit 13．A．blank B．black C．blind D．deaf 14．A．enclose B．envelop C．embrace D．embarrass 15．A．silent B．alone C．calm D．safe 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．C 13．C 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己住青年旅社、选择火车出行的经历，阐述了与不同背景陌生人交往能带来成长、惊喜，打破固有期待的感悟。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们比普通酒店便宜得多。A. old老的；B. elderly年长的；C. frequent频繁的；D. regular普通的、常规的。根据前文“Youth hostels have large dormitory-style rooms with bunk beds (双层床).”和常识可知，青年旅社是宿舍式双层床的格局，设施和服务都更基础，与常规的“普通”酒店形成对比，价格也因此低很多。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一天晚上我正要出去探索这座城市时，一个年轻的日本人问我能不能和我一起。A. expand扩张；B. explore探索；C. exploit开发、剥削；D. extend延伸。根据后文“on my first night”和“We went to see Notre Dame”可知，作者初到巴黎，是要去“探索”这座城市、参观景点。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们不仅相对便宜，还提供了邂逅意外的绝佳机会。A. inexperienced缺乏经验的；B. informed消息灵通的；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. unguided没有向导的。根据后文“In subsequent stays at youth hostels, I would meet the scion (后裔) of a rich New England family who was to find meaning in his life, a lawyer going through a divorce, and a young African man looking for a girlfriend.”可知，青年旅舍为作者提供了邂逅形形色色人物的机会，这是“出乎意料的事情”；the unexpected“意想不到的事情”。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在后来住青年旅社的过程中，我遇到了一个新英格兰富裕家族的后裔，他正努力寻找人生的意义，一个正经历离婚的律师，还有一个找女朋友的非洲年轻人。A. struggling努力、挣扎；B. fearing害怕；C. begging乞求；D. representing代表。根据前文“the scion (后裔) of a rich New England family”和后文“to find meaning in his life”可推知，这个富裕家族后裔并不满足于衣食无忧，而是在“努力”探寻人生价值；struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我出于同样的原因选择坐火车而不是飞机：在火车上，我和各行各业的人交谈——他们常常和我分享他们的人生哲学。A. opted选择；B. objected反对；C. orbited绕轨道运行；D. offered提供。根据后文“On trains, I talked with people from all walks of life”可知，作者为了能和不同的人交流，“选择”了火车而非飞机；opt to do sth.意为“选择做某事”。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我出于同样的原因选择坐火车而不是飞机：在火车上，我和各行各业的人交谈——他们常常和我分享他们的人生哲学。A. possession财产；B. property性质、财产；C. philosophy哲学、人生观；D. psychology心理学。根据前文提到的“a rich New England family who was to find meaning in his life, a lawyer going through a divorce”可知，作者遇到的这些人会和他探讨人生意义、生活困境等关于人生的思考，也就是人生“哲学”。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结识不同背景的人提供了一个成长的机会。A. wealth财富；B. growth成长；C. youth青春；D. warmth温暖。根据后文“You can learn from those people.”可知，向不同背景的人学习，本质上是一个自我成长的过程，因此是“成长”的机会。故选B项。 8．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，美国大学的一大优势就是学生能结识、共事，并与来自不同地域和文化背景的人进行讨论。A. In fact事实上；B. In contrast相比之下；C. Above all首先；D. After all毕竟。前文提出“结识不同的人能带来成长”的观点，后文用美国大学的情况来佐证这一观点的普遍性，in fact用来引出实际存在的、能支撑观点的实例，符合逻辑。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种社交还有另一个好处：它充满了惊喜。A. experiences经历；B. miseries痛苦；C. surprises惊喜；D. emotions情绪。根据后文“Like traveling to a new place, where you can’t really know what your experience will be like”可知，这种社交和去陌生地方旅行一样，结果充满未知，而未知往往伴随着“惊喜”。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像去一个陌生的地方旅行，你无法预知会有怎样的经历一样，与随机结识的陌生人相遇，能让你避免陷入懒于思考的固化预期之中。A. random随机的；B. superior优越的；C. rigid僵硬的；D. academic学术的。根据前文“I would meet the scion (后裔) of a rich New England family who was to find meaning in his life, a lawyer going through a divorce, and a young African man looking for a girlfriend.”可知，作者在旅社、火车上遇到的人都是偶然碰到的，没有刻意挑选，是“随机的”陌生人。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像去一个陌生的地方旅行，你无法预知会有怎样的经历一样，与随机结识的陌生人相遇，能让你避免陷入懒于思考的固化预期之中。A. lazy懒惰的(引申出因思维惰性而产生的刻板印象或预设)；B. busy忙碌的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. nasty令人不快的，令人厌恶的。根据后文“You don’t know whether the people you meet will share your opinions, whether they’ll defer to (听从) you or dominate the conversation”可知，因为不知道对方的态度、观点，所以不会产生那种“固定的、刻板的”期待。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不知道你遇到的人是否会和你有相同的观点，他们会听从你还是主导谈话，他们会笑你的笑话还是逗你笑。A. follow跟随；B. absorb吸收；C. dominate主导；D. commit承诺。根据前文“whether they’ll defer to (听从) you or”可知，这里是两种相反状态的对比：是听从你的节奏，还是“主导”谈话的走向。故选C项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想这可能就是“盲盒式”社交的吸引力之一，人们报名参加活动，会被随机匹配陌生人一起吃饭、徒步旅行之类的。A. blank空白的；B. black黑色的；C. blind盲的；D. deaf聋的。根据后文“When you sign up for such an event, you don’t know what kind of conversations you might have, or how you might interact with the other people who sign up.”可知，这种社交和“盲盒”一样，参与者不知道会遇到什么人、产生什么互动；blind box“盲盒”。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候拥抱意外是件好事。A. enclose围住；B. envelop包裹；C. embrace拥抱、欣然接受；D. embarrass使尴尬。根据前文作者多次提到“结识陌生人带来惊喜、打破固有期待”，以及“you might give it a try — meet someone surprising”的建议，可知作者是认可并倡导“接受”这种意外的。故选C项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果有机会，你可以试试——认识一些令人惊喜的人，但当然，要保证安全。A. silent沉默的；B. alone独自的；C. calm冷静的；D. safe安全的。根据前文“you might give it a try — meet someone surprising”可知，与随机的陌生人交往存在不确定性，结合生活常识，在尝试这种社交时，“安全”是首要前提。故选D项。 Passage 4 Drawn to Help The Palisades Fire in Los Angeles burned Charlotte Tragos’s home to the ground. The height chart from when she was a child was 1 on the kitchen wall. Family heirlooms (传家宝) filled the cupboards. Her parents’ wedding video from the 1990s was stored in the basement. All were 2 to ashes. “It was a pretty special and unique house,” says Tragos, who fled with her parents, her younger sister and their three dogs when the fire broke out on Jan.7, 2025. All the teenager took with her was her high school diploma, her dog’s ashes and a pair of sneakers. “The streets were packed with people running, driving on the wrong side of the road,” she says, 3 that everyone knew they were running for their lives. A few days after the fire started, a friend shared a video with her 4 a Los Angeles artist offering to create, for free, watercolor paintings of people’s homes before they burned down. Tragos 5 the artist, Jordan Heber, asking if she could paint her childhood home. “I wanted to do it as a surprise to my parents, who are 6 with so much right now,” she says. Tragos sent a photo to Heber who completed a painting of Tragos’s home in just three days. “Our homes are so much more than these 7 structures that we keep our belongings in,” says Heber, who works as a brand strategist Santa Monica and does commissioned paintings — primarily of people’s homes — on the side. She typically charges between $350 and $400 per painting. “It’s an incredible honor to create these 8 tributes to the places that held so much life and memory.” Tragos says she will forever be 9 to Heber for her generosity. “It means the world,” she says. “We’re in a position where we have nothing and anything like that, especially pieces as a(n) 10 of what the house meant to us — it is really uplifting.” “I 11 around a lot when I was younger, and so the meaning of home is significant to me,” Heber says, noting that she has the word home tattooed on her forearm. The idea 12 a desire to offer comfort at a time of deep loss. After the wildfires started, Heber thought about ways she could 13 . A friend sent her an Instagram post by another local artist offering to draw people’s homes at no 14 . Heber was inspired by it to 15 her talent to the needs of people who had lost their homes. “This will be my way to help people,” said Heber. She is glad people find her paintings meaningful, saying, “Hopefully it inspires others to use their talents to help people.” 1．A．measured B．projected C．marked D．composed 2．A．exposed B．reduced C．related D．subjected 3．A．claiming B．adding C．maintaining D．arguing 4．A．engaging B．featuring C．characterizing D．spotting 5．A．tracked down B．looked up to C．sent for D．reached out to 6．A．overwhelmed B．impressed C．equipped D．blessed 7．A．physical B．memorable C．emotional D．imposing 8．A．inner B．inspiring C．lasting D．supreme 9．A．receptive B．sympathetic C．indebted D．empathetic 10．A．interpretation B．hint C．demonstration D．reminder 11．A．looked B．moved C．hung D．messed 12．A．sprang from B．focused on C．gave rise to D．gave way to 13．A．contribute B．invent C．donate D．sponsor 14．A．loss B．discount C．risk D．charge 15．A．entitle B．apply C．offer D．tailor 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了夏洛特・特拉戈斯的家在洛杉矶帕利塞兹大火中被烧毁后，艺术家乔丹・赫伯免费为她绘制了童年故居的水彩画，以这种方式提供安慰的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她小时候的身高表被标记在厨房的墙上。A. measured测量；B. projected投射；C. marked标记；D. composed组成。根据下文“Family heirlooms filled the cupboards. Her parents’ wedding video from the 1990s was stored in the basement.”可知，此处在具体列举家中的物品，结合生活常识可知，身高表应该是标记在厨房墙上的。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有东西都被烧成了灰烬。A. exposed暴露；B. reduced减少，使沦为（不好境地）；C. related相关；D. subjected使遭受。根据上文“burned Charlotte Tragos’s home to the ground”可知，大火把房子烧为平地，be reduced to ashes为固定搭配，意为“烧成灰烬”。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“街上挤满了奔跑的人，还有人逆行开车，” 她补充说，所有人都知道他们是在逃命。A. claiming声称；B. adding添加；C. maintaining维持；D. arguing争论。根据上文“‘The streets were packed with people running, driving on the wrong side of the road,’ she says”可知，此处是夏洛特在描述火灾发生时的场景，后文是对前文场景的进一步补充说明，adding that是“补充说”的常用结构，符合逻辑衔接。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：火灾发生几天后，一个朋友给她分享了一段视频，视频里有一位洛杉矶艺术家主动提出免费为人们绘制房屋被烧毁前的水彩画。A. engaging参与；B. featuring以…… 为特色，以…为主要组成；C. characterizing刻画，描绘……的特征；D. spotting发现。根据上文“a friend shared a video with her”及下文“a Los Angeles artist offering to create, for free, watercolor paintings of people’s homes before they burned down”可知，前文的“视频”和后文的“艺术家的善举”是“包含与被包含”的关系，featuring表示“视频以……为特色 / 包含……内容”，符合视频的描述逻辑。故选B。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：特拉戈斯联系了这位名叫乔丹・赫伯的艺术家，询问她是否能为自己的童年故居作画。A. tracked down追踪到；B. looked up to尊敬；C. sent for派人去请；D. reached out to联系。根据下文“asking if she could paint her childhood home”可知，前文的“得知机会”和后文的“请求作画”构成动作链接，reached out to表示“主动联系”，是连接两个动作的合理行为。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想把这幅画作为惊喜送给我的父母，他们现在正承受着太多的压力，” 她说。A. overwhelmed使不知所措，使难以承受；B. impressed使印象深刻；C. equipped装备；D. blessed祝福。根据上文“burned Charlotte Tragos’s home to the ground”可知，夏洛特的家被大火烧为平地，其父母在火灾后应承受的巨大打击而不堪重负。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：赫伯说：“我们的家绝不仅仅是这些用来存放物品的实体建筑。”A. physical身体的，物质的，有形的；B. memorable难忘的；C. emotional情感的；D. imposing壮观的。根据下文“the places that held so much life and memory”及“the meaning of home is significant to me”可知，家是情感的寄托，不仅仅是存放物品的实体建筑。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“能够为这些承载了无数生活点滴与记忆的地方创作这些永恒的致敬之作，是我莫大的荣幸。”A. inner内心的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. lasting持久的；D. supreme最高的。根据下文“tributes to the places that held so much life and memory”可知，此处强调画作的纪念意义，lasting说明画作能长久地保存人们对家园的记忆，符合句意。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：特拉戈斯说，她将永远感激赫伯的慷慨相助。A. receptive乐于接受的；B. sympathetic同情的；C. indebted感激的；D. empathetic共情的。根据下文“It means the world”可知，赫伯免费为夏洛特绘制了童年故居的水彩画，满足了她给父母惊喜的愿望，be indebted to sb.表示“感激某人”，符合她的心理状态。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们现在一无所有，而这样的东西，尤其是能让我们想起房子对我们意义的物件，真的很令人振奋。”A. interpretation解释；B. hint暗示；C. demonstration展示；D. reminder提醒物。根据上文“We’re in a position where we have nothing”及下文“so the meaning of home is significant to me”可知，夏洛特的家被烧毁，他们一无所有，而赫伯关于故居的画作让他们想起家的意义。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赫伯说：“我小时候经常搬家，所以家的意义对我来说非常重大。” 她还提到自己的前臂上纹有“家”这个词。A. looked看；B. moved移动，搬家；C. hung悬挂；D. messed弄乱。根据下文“so the meaning of home is significant to me”可知，上下文构成因果关系，“小时候经常搬家”解释了她为什么对家的意义如此看重，逻辑连贯。故选B。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个想法源于在人们遭受重大损失时提供安慰的愿望。A. sprang from源于；B. focused on专注于；C. gave rise to引起；D. gave way to让位于。根据上文“The idea”和下文“a desire to offer comfort at a time of deep loss”可知，此处解释了赫伯想法的起源。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火发生后，赫伯思考着自己能贡献力量的方法。A. contribute贡献；B. invent发明；C. donate捐赠；D. sponsor赞助。根据下文“Heber was inspired by it”可知，此处体现赫伯受到启发想为受灾的人贡献力量。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个朋友给她发了另一位当地艺术家在照片墙上的帖子，这位艺术家主动提出免费为人们画房子。A. loss损失；B. discount折扣；C. risk风险；D. charge费用。根据上文（第三段）“a Los Angeles artist offering to create, for free, watercolor paintings of people’s homes”及下文“Heber was inspired by it”可知赫伯受到该画家的启发免费为人们画房子，因此该画家也应该是免费为人们创作。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：赫伯从中受到启发，决定将自己的才能用于满足那些失去家园的人的需求。A. entitle使享有权利；B. apply应用；C. offer提供；D. tailor专门制作。根据下文“This will be my way to help people”可知， 赫伯将自己的才能用于帮助他人。故选B。 Passage 5 Economists tend to be big fans of education, which is perhaps not surprising given how much of it they consume and how well their textbooks can do. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hoped that education would help 1 the “distinction between workingmen and gentlemen”. Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as a(n) 2 in “human capital” that would earn a return in the market. But economists can also be extremely 3 about schooling. The theory of signaling compares many educational certificates to peacock’s tails: costly encumbrance (累赘), 4 only as noticeable proof that their owners are intellectually strong enough to bear them. And in “The Social Limits to Growth”, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What 5 is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. For many students, it is not enough merely to acquire a good education. They must obtain a better education than the people 6 them in the queue for sought-after jobs. Positional goods are, by their nature, in strictly 7 supply. Everyone can, in principle, live in good neighbourhood, attend a good school, and work in a good job. But logic 8 says that not everyone can enjoy the nicest neighborhoods, best schools or most decent jobs. An unhappy 9 is that one family’s expenses on schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are often drawn unconsciously into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the hope that it will improve their child’s 10 in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in same position as before. They are in fact, worse off 11 the costs and frustration caused. “If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better,” Hirsch noted. And their feet also 12 . The arms race is notably less 13 in parts of Europe. In Norway and Sweden, parents show little demand for tutoring. And overeducation is less common in Germany and other countries that sort children early into academic or vocational schools with little 14 between the two, according to a study by Valentina Di Stasio of Utrecht University. Vocational schools are supposed to teach what employers want employees to know. That may limit the scope for certification inflation (通胀). For better or worse, they also remove large numbers of students from the race for more 15 achievements. 1．A．identify B．defeat C．neglect D．erase 2．A．interest B．trial C．investment D．experiment 3．A．critical B．curious C．profound D．optimistic 4．A．famous B．useful C．available D．logical 5．A．matters B．happens C．follows D．changes 6．A．depending on B．looking after C．turning to D．competing with 7．A．limited B．fixed C．endless D．hazardous 8．A．unwillingly B．softly C．sadly D．frequently 9．A．relationship B．demonstration C．solution D．consequence 10．A．performance B．position C．balance D．expedition 11．A．because of B．in spite of C．by means of D．in terms of 12．A．sank B．hurt C．moved D．cropped 13．A．final B．intense C．open D．adequate 14．A．agreement B．distance C．difference D．mobility 15．A．technical B．cultural C．academic D．vocational 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了经济学家对教育的两种看法及教育竞争的相关问题。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔在1873年写道，他希望教育能帮助消除“工人阶级和绅士之间的区别”。A. identify识别；B. defeat击败；C. neglect忽视；D. erase消除。根据前文“Economists tend to be big fans of education, which is perhaps not surprising given how much of it they consume and how well their textbooks can do.”可知，经济学家大多推崇教育，本句是马歇尔对教育作用的期待，即“消除阶级差别”。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：芝加哥大学的加里·贝克尔将教育重新想象为一种“人力资本”投资，将在市场上获得回报。A. interest兴趣；B. trial试验；C. investment投资；D. experiment实验。根据后文“in “human capital” that would earn a return in the market”可知，获得回报是投资的典型特征，所以此处指教育是一种“人力资本”投资。故选C。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但经济学家对学校教育也可能极为挑剔。A. critical挑剔的；B. curious好奇的；C. profound深刻的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据后文“The theory of signaling compares many educational certificates to peacock’s tails: costly encumbrance”可知，信号理论将许多教育证书比作孔雀的尾巴：昂贵的累赘，说明经济学家对学校教育也可能极为挑剔。故选A。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信号理论将许多教育证书比作孔雀的尾巴：昂贵的累赘，只是作为其主人智力强大到足以承受它们的明显证明时才有用。A. famous著名的；B. useful有用的；C. available可获得的；D. logical合逻辑的。根据后文“only as noticeable proof that their owners are intellectually strong enough to bear them”可知，教育证书仅仅“有用”是为了明显地证明它们的拥有者在智力上足够强大，能够承受它们。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的不仅仅是你拥有多少，而是你是否比下一个人拥有更多。A. matters重要；B. happens发生；C. follows跟随；D. changes改变。根据后文“not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person”可知，此处指重要的不仅仅是你拥有多少，而是你是否比下一个人拥有更多。故选A。 6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们必须获得比排队竞争热门工作的人更好的教育。A. depending on依靠；B. looking after照顾；C. turning to求助于；D. competing with竞争。根据前文“They must obtain a better education than the people”可知，他们必须比那些在热门工作的竞争队列中与自己竞争的人获得更好的教育。故选D。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地位性商品本质上就是供应严格有限的。A. limited有限的；B. fixed固定的；C. endless无尽的；D. hazardous危险的。根据后文“not everyone can enjoy the nicest neighborhoods, best schools or most decent jobs”可知，不是每个人都能享受最好的社区、最好的学校或最体面的工作，说明地位性商品本质上就是供应严格有限的。故选A。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但遗憾的是，逻辑上说，不是每个人都能享受最好的社区、最好的学校或最体面的工作。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. softly轻柔地；C. sadly遗憾地；D. frequently频繁地。根据后文“not everyone can enjoy the nicest neighborhoods, best schools or most decent jobs”可知，不是每个人都能享受最好的社区、最好的学校或最体面的工作，这是令人遗憾的。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个不幸的后果是，一个家庭花在教育上的费用提高了其他所有人的门槛。A. relationship关系；B. demonstration示范；C. solution解决方案；D. consequence后果。根据后文“one family’s expenses on schooling raises the bar for everyone else”可知，一个家庭花在教育上的费用提高了其他所有人的门槛，这是一个不幸的后果。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们把钱和时间花在课后辅导或课外活动上，希望这能提高孩子在晋升队伍中的地位。A. performance表现；B. position地位；C. balance平衡；D. expedition远征。根据后文“in the queue for advancement”可知，此处指提高孩子在晋升队伍中的地位。故选B。 11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：但由于造成的成本和挫折，他们实际上更糟糕了。A. because of因为；B. in spite of尽管；C. by means of通过；D. in terms of就……而言。根据后文“the costs and frustration caused”可知，此处指由于造成的成本和挫折，他们实际上更糟糕了。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的脚也疼了。A. sank下沉；B. hurt疼痛；C. moved移动；D. cropped出现。根据前文“If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better”可知，如果每个人都踮起脚尖，没有人会看得更好，而且他们的脚也会疼。故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在欧洲部分地区，这种教育军备竞赛明显不那么激烈。A. final最后的；B. intense激烈的；C. open开放的；D. adequate足够的。根据后文“In Norway and Sweden parents show little demand for tutoring.”可知，在挪威和瑞典，家长对辅导的需求很少，说明这种教育军备竞赛明显不那么激烈。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：乌得勒支大学的瓦伦蒂娜・迪・斯塔西奥的一项研究表明，在德国和其他一些国家，孩子很早就被分流到学术类或职业类学校，两类学校之间的流动性很低，这种过度教育的现象也较少见。A. agreement协议；B. distance距离；C. difference区别；D. mobility流动性。根据前文“children early into academic or vocational schools with little”可知，学生一旦进入某类学校，很难转到另一类，即两类学校间的流动性低。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论好坏，他们也让大量学生退出了追求更高学术成就的竞赛。A. technical技术的；B. cultural文化的；C. academic学术的；D. vocational职业的。根据前文“Vocational schools are supposed to teach what employers want employees to know.”可知，职业学校应该教雇主希望员工知道的东西，说明职业学校的学生退出了追求更高学术成就的竞赛。故选C。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届最新高考模拟组合练（上海专用） （语法填空5篇+完形填空5篇+选词填空5篇） 一、语法填空 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During a visit to Beijing many years ago, I had lunch with three PhD students in the Chinese Department at Peking University, all native speakers of Chinese. As I had caught a cold, I tried to write a short note to cancel an afternoon appointment, but suddenly found that I 1 not remember how to write the Chinese characters for the word “sneeze”. I asked my three friends to write it for me. To my surprise, 2 of them could do so correctly. Since Peking University is often regarded as the “Harvard of China”, the incident was striking. It is difficult to imagine three Harvard PhD students in English literature 3 (forget) how to write the English word “sneeze”. This was my first direct encounter with   4 is now widely known in China as “character amnesia”: even highly educated people are forgetting how to write common Chinese characters by hand. By the turn of the twenty-first century, the spread of the internet and the rise of a digitised information environment brought major changes to the use of Chinese characters. 5 the exponential growth of computer memory, Chinese word processing became increasingly routine and convenient. The standard QWERTY keyboard could support not only Pinyin input but also various other entry systems, enabling Chinese characters, 6 alphabetic writing, to function easily in cyberspace. Almost overnight, Chinese users adopted smartphones and tablets, relying on Pinyin input, and speech-to-text technology. Yet these advances have produced a distinctive problem: nowadays people 7 (lose) the ability to write characters by hand. Certainly, such lapses are not entirely new. Chinese has long had the expression tibiwangzi — “lift the pen, forget the character” — 8 (describe) this tendency. However, the digitally intensified version is more serious than occasionally forgetting a rare or complex character. Even highly literate people now fail to write characters in very ordinary words such as “kitchen”, “lips”, “cough”, and “broom”. 9 there have been few rigorous empirical studies, informal surveys by China Daily suggest that about 80% of respondents experience character amnesia in daily life. Some research has been launched to explore the causes, though the data remain difficult to evaluate 10 occupations and disciplines. Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits. How Schools and Teachers Can Get Better at Cultural Competence Cultural competence is described as “having an awareness of one's own cultural identity and views about difference, and the ability to learn and build on the varying cultural and community norms of students and their families.” The differences 1 make individuals unique are essential elements of a society. When educators fail to acknowledge their own biases and assumptions, the obstacle of a student's developmental process is inevitable. Having good intentions is not sufficient; the actions are   2 will be seen and felt by students. What one individual may view as innocent   3 have harmful effects. Schools need to feel the urgency and race to end exclusionary practices by improving cultural awareness. Identify Areas for Growth — Everyone has a past and upbringing that has shaped the way they view the world. Those experiences 4 are not negative, but when these experiences twist the way a person views others, an adjustment may be required. A few years ago, a teacher entered my office upset about the disposition of a student. As the student stood beside the upset teacher, I began to listen to the teacher explain the incident. What was explained was the reality that the teacher was upset with the student's disrespectful attitude. I asked for more details about the   5 (perceive) disrespectful nature of the attitude. The teacher described colloquialism, tone, and a lack of eye contact. At that moment I dismissed the student and explained that the student was not being disrespectful, but rather what the teacher was experiencing was the method of communication in which the student interacts with his community. Educators must have an inner dialogue to determine what experiences have shaped the teacher's views of students. Districts must create space to have a   6 (broad) discussion and be realistic about how teachers' individual bias affect the rights of students. The space for a macro conversation for the district is necessary and must be accompanied with   7 cultural awareness is reflected in individual buildings. Listen and Observe — What may seem as a simple task is rarely practiced. The beginning of understanding is listening. When one is constantly talking, there is no room 8 listening. As dean of school culture, I oversaw discipline at a predominantly black school. A white foreign student, frequently in trouble, complained but no one listened. Mediation revealed he felt unwelcomed and misunderstood. We failed him by not addressing his needs. Districts and educators fail at cultural awareness because listening 9 (not initiate). Listen to the parents, listen to the students, listen to your peers, listen to your staff. 10 what you hear confirms what you see, act. Far too often districts fail to see because they fail to listen. Passage 3 Breaking the Streak (连续打卡) Have you ever noticed yourself stuck in a streak on a social media app? Maybe you’re practicing a language daily, or posting your   1 (late) achievements for friends to see. These little reminders are meant 2 (keep) you motivated, but after a while, keeping up with them can be tiring. No wonder people start asking: why do these habits form so easily, and can they actually be broken? Researchers 3 (study) social media habits for decades, and it turns out they’re driven by simple psychological rewards. Apps 4 most users create profiles and interact with others provide rewards that encourage them to return. Sometimes, it’s obvious — a “like”, a comment, or a message. Other times, it’s quieter — a little moment of satisfaction or feeling 5 (connect). Over time, these rewards link the app to certain situations. For instance, 6 you tend to grab your phone when you’re bored, your brain starts connecting that boredom with opening the app. It soon becomes automatic, and even a notification (通知), a free moment, or your mood can serve as a cue (暗示) for the habit without thinking. The good news? These habits 7 (not set) in stone. Since they rely on learned connections, you can weaken them by changing your routine or limiting exposure 8 the reminders. Turning off notifications, moving apps out of easy reach, or doing something else instead can all help break the cycle. Understanding 9 social media habits work gives you the upper hand. Once you spot the cues and rewards 10 (drive) your behavior, you can make smarter choices about when and how to use these apps. Passage 4 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang. Her passion for Dunhuang 1 (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who 2 (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long 3 he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. 4 (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, 5 is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped 6 (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. Chang Shana made copies of the murals 7 the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and 8 the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career. Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs 9 (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work 10 (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on. Passage 5 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Urban Beekeeping Grows in Popularity Urban beekeeping has become a surprising trend in cities across Europe and North America in recent years. It has spread to neighborhoods 1 green spaces are scarce and concrete buildings stand tall, drawing people who once had little connection with nature. What was once a hobby for a small group of nature lovers is now a movement that attracts all walks of life, and the reason behind it is clear: bees are vital to our ecosystem, and their numbers 2 (drop) sharply in the past few decades due to pollution and habitat loss. City dwellers are eager to do their part to protect these tiny creatures. Many public beehives 3 (set) up on the roofs of libraries, museums and office buildings in recent years, providing a safe home for bees while educating the public about their importance. A British university study made a striking finding: honey from urban hives is of 4 (high) quality than that from rural ones, thanks to the diverse nectar from the various flowers growing in city parks and along streets. 5 the sweet honey is a nice bonus for beekeepers, the real reward is helping to save these important insects from extinction. Urban beekeepers often share their experiences online, 6 (hope) to encourage more people to join the movement. They also note that caring for bees teaches patience and mindfulness, qualities hard to find in the fast pace of modern city life. Not everyone is in favor of this urban trend, though. Some experts warn that 7 (introduce) too many honeybees into cities could harm native bee species, so cities should focus on creating a better environment 8 bees first instead of just adding more beehives. Local governments have taken the advice seriously and built more community gardens, which support both wild and farmed bees in urban areas. For those who take up urban beekeeping, the experience is often life-changing. A Parisian beekeeper, 9 (inspire) by her childhood love for nature, keeps hives on her apartment roof and checks on her bees every morning before work. She says this small routine is 10 precious moment of calm in her busy life, and she hopes more people will choose to join in the effort to protect bees. As bees thrive in cities, so will the plants and animals that depend on them, creating a healthier and more balanced urban ecosystem. 二、选词填空 Passage 1 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cost B．channel C． enduring D．engineer E. finer F. grouped G. growing H. literally I. manual J. overturning K. split Video game makers must address worries about addictiveness No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their smartphones. Today, however, ever more doctors are using the term 1 . On January 1st “gaming disorder” — in which games are played compulsively, despite causing harm — gains recognition from the World Health Organisation (WHO), as the newest edition of its diagnostic 2 comes into force. Are games really addictive? Psychologists are 3 . The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic. Killjoys of the past issued similarly warnings about television, rock’n’ roll, jazz, and even crossword puzzles. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely 4 its own time in the stocks before it eventually ceases to be controversial. However, some opponents argue that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to 5 their products to make them irresistible. The motive arises from a business-model shift. In the old days games were bought for a one-off 6 . These days, many use a “freemium” model, in which the game is free and money is made from purchases of in-game goods. That ties playtime directly to revenue (收益). Smartphones and modern consoles use their permanent internet connections to 7 gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be constantly fine-tuned to boost spending. While psychologists argue the 8 points of what exactly counts as addiction, and whether gaming’s design tricks cross the line, the industry should recognise that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is 9 . Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO code, diagnoses will become more common. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting chillier. And being 10 in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favours. Passage 2 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．matched   B．original   C． preserved   D．pressed   E. records   F. reflect G. reliable   H. revealed   I. shapes   J. subsequently   K. unexpectedly Reading the trees By analysing variations in tree rings across forests worldwide, Neil Pederson and his team at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory have constructed an extensive climatic record, tracing patterns of drought and rainfall over hundreds to thousands of years. Their work is based on the principle that tree rings 1 annual growth conditions: larger rings usually indicate wetter periods, while smaller ones suggest drought. In 2010, while investigating the effects of climate change over the past twenty years in Mongolia, the team 2 encountered a group of pines (松树) in the Khorgo lava (熔岩) fields. Although their 3 aim was to study the impact of climate change on wildfires in Mongolia’s forests, this accidental discovery soon became the focus of their research. The site’s volcanic landscape and harsh climate created conditions in which the dead pines could remain 4 for centuries, offering the team another research project: creating a record of climate change by reading the pine-rings. As they were 5 for time, the researchers sampled just eighteen pines. Despite the limited samples, some of their cross sections, pieces of trunks made by cutting across them, 6 signs of great age. One Siberian pine alone contained nearly 800 rings, indicating eleven centuries of growth. The tree-ring record suggested that the site might have undergone unusually long environmental changes. Moreover, just by looking at the unusual 7 of these old trees — wider bases, winding trunks, and signs of regrowth, the researchers were able to identify their great age. To get records of wetness, the Pederson’s team cross-dated (交叉年代测定) the different trees and 8 patterns of large and small rings through time. They combined their newly found samples with the earlier collections, gradually building a(n) 9 record of the region’s tree ages and its climatic context. What began as a short field trip with a different research goal finally produced detailed data of Mongolia’s drought and rainfall periods over about 1,100 years, well beyond the region’s previous 10 . Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accomplish    B．barely    C． contrast    D．decent E. demands    F. harmony    G. multiple    H. otherwise I. rewards    J. sources    K. timely Why Are Photos Taken During Blue Hour? As a professional photographer, I’ve taken many of my favorite pictures at blue hour — the time of day before sunrise or after sunset when the atmosphere has a deep, dark blue color. Blue hour is not really an hour — its exact length depends on your location, time of year, and weather conditions. The important thing is that the sun is a (n) 1 way beneath the horizon so the sky has neither too many nor too few sunrise or sunset colors — mainly just blue. There are reasons why blue hour is so precious. First, not as many people take photos at blue hour compared to sunrise and sunset. This gives you the chance to capture appealing images at popular locations with limited or even zero crowds. Second, blue hour seizes certain emotions in the scenes that are 2 tricky to express. The color blue carries its own unique emotional expression: sadness, peace, and so on. If your photo 3 such emotional expression, it’s hard to ignore this time of day. Third, blue hour combines tones of a photo into an integrated whole. I once struggled to keep colors in my photos in 4 for the best possible results but failed. Fortunately, the magic power of blue hour helps to 5 that. Green trees, yellow flowers and red rocks all appear some kind of blue — 6 colors go along well in the images taken at that time. Fourth, there is possibility that other 7 of light, such as warm light from buildings, create an important circumstance when portions of your photo do not turn blue during the blue hour. In such a case, your photo has a beautiful orange-blue color 8 — a lovely flavor beyond its previous harmonious presence. However, there is usually only a brief window when the natural and artificial lights are about the same brightness, so a (n) 9 click of the camera button is the critical step to make for the most even exposure between them. In spite of the careful techniques and right settings the blue hour photography requires, it 10 you with great pictures. The emotions of blue hour do not work for each scene or photo, but when they do, you will be amazed. Passage 4 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．successfully  B．distinct    C． established   D．evaluated    E. consumed   F. complications   G. navigation  H. recreate  I. purposely  J. comprehend   K. reflective   The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Lighthouse of Alexandria is often referred to as “The Pharos of Alexandria”. For as long as historical buildings have been   1 , the Lighthouse of Alexandria is considered to have been one of the top three tallest structures in the world. It is preceded by the two pyramids identified as “Khufu” and “Khafra”. During the years of 956, 1303, and 1323, the immense structure received damage as a result of earthquakes that occurred in the area. The citizens of the time used a mixture of fire and 2 mirror like material in order to provide the lighting needed by ships to discover the port. Claims indicate that the light was so immense that ships as far out to sea as 35 miles could see the   3 light coming from the mysterious lighthouse. There are also legends that the fire emitted from the port was so protective that ships that contained enemies would be 4 at sea so that they would not reach the shores where the lighthouse stood. In the year of 1183, a traveler by the name of Ibn Jubayr observed the Lighthouse of Alexandria and made the following observation: “Description of it falls short, the eyes fail to 1 it, and words are inadequate, so vast is the spectacle...” In the year of 1994, scuba divers that specialize in archaeology searched the water near where the magnificent structure stood. They were able to 2 discover many different pieces of block and other construction materials. It is a mystery as to why the structure finally collapsed into the Mediterranean Sea. It has been 3 that the fall likely occurred in the year of 1326. There are many theories about the final collapse, but many agree that the earthquakes of the area probably resulted in the 4 . There are many other theories that indicate the structure may have been 5 destroyed due to rumors that there were great treasures buried underneath the structure. It is believed that a man identified as the “Caliph at Cairo” was told of a rumor from a neighboring port that extremely valuable treasures were under the building in order to eliminate the port as a   6 system into the area. While this is just a legend, could it have been what led to the fall of the Lighthouse of Alexandria? This remains to be one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of the world. Passage 5 Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．cover       B．landscape      C． narrative      D．meant      AB．celebrated      AC． proportion      AD．elaborate BC． fake       BD．inherited      CD．caution      ABC． seasonal Visitors to Shanghai are often advised to admire the skyline, respect the traffic, and prepare for prices that may occasionally hurt their feelings. To this list, the internet has lately added another 1 : do not, under any emotional impulse, raise a cup of Mixue Ice Cream & Tea too close to the Oriental Pearl, lest the   2 tower, acting in its newly-given capacity as an urban defence tower, open fire upon where you stand. In Shanghai, a wrong ceremonial choice leads to a grave danger. Shanghai is not merely a city but a(n) 3 , examination of taste. One may pass through it safely with a silk scarf, a restrained coffee order, and an expression suggesting that one has never compared prices in public. Mixue, however, enters this   4 like a cheerful Cinderella in a marble ballroom: innocent, inexpensive, and therefore intolerably easy to notice. How then is one to proceed? First, conceal panic. Nothing invites the Pearl’s laser attack faster than guilt. Walk calmly. Hold the cup not like illegal goods, but like   5 family treasure. Should passers-by glance in your direction, look faintly bored, as though your lemon tea were a limited   6 collaboration available only to those with strong emotional discipline. Second, choose the location wisely. The truly careful do not stand in open plazas beneath the skyline, waving a one-yuan ice-cream. One drinks in side streets, under huge trees, or beside a convenience store where every class of city life has long kept a practical peace. Urban survival, as ever, depends on   7 . Third, upgrade the   8 . If questioned, never say, “I bought Mixue because it was cheap.” That is the language of vulnerability. Say instead that you are conducting field research into mass-market beverage culture, or testing the resilience of popular brands in presence of the Pearl’s hostility. A serious tone can rescue any beverage. Lastly, remember that this article is only   9 as a funny joke. The Oriental Pearl has not yet destroyed a single citizen for crimes against boutique consumption. Shanghai remains a city where luxury and bargain, pride and joy, coexist in an uneasy but lively mixture. So drink your Mixue boldly — only not too boldly. Civilisation, after all, depends on   10 三、完形填空 Passage 1 Are wealth taxes the best way to tax the ultra-rich? There have been calls to tax the rich ever since there have been taxes. One idea, though, arouses particularly fevered reactions: a tax on wealth, not just 1 . A conflict over such a plan is now dividing France, where there was a fierce debate in Parliament on Friday over proposals for a wealth tax. But the approach has been 2 politics in the United States and Europe for years as inequality has risen to astonishing levels and public debt has overloaded government budgets. At the Labour Party conference in Britain in October, delegates 3 a wealth tax.Surveys have shown three-quarters of Britons back the idea. Debate over the concept has been revived even in countries like Germany and Ireland that had 4 repealed (废除) their wealth taxes. And the Tax Observatory, a research organization funded by the European Union, has proposed a global minimum wealth tax of 2 percent on the world’s roughly 3,000 billionaires. To supporters, taxing an individual’s total assets — stocks, real estate, yachts, diamond tiaras, racehorses, art, fine wines, private islands and jets — rather than just income is one of the few ways to get people with dynastic wealth (世袭的财富) to pay their fair share. It is also necessary to 5 the increasing political power of the super-rich. To opponents, wealth taxes are 6 punishment of innovation and productivity, discouraging investment and compromising growth. They would also be an administrative 7 , they add. How would government tax collectors go about 8 a family’s valuable collections of Ferraris, Chippendales, Picassos, NFTs and Birken bags every year? Wealth taxes, though not as common as some other taxes, have actually been 9 for a long time. Such taxes were popular in Europe at times. 10 , twelve countries had versions in 1990, although in many — including Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Finland, Luxembourg — the taxes were later repealed. The reasons for the repeals included the difficulty of administration, the 11 on people who owned valuables but had little available cash, and the minimal amounts of revenue raised. But there has been a(n) 12 of support for wealth taxes on the ultra-rich in recent years, and much of it can be traced to Gabriel Zucman — who did groundbreaking work starting in the early 2010s documenting the stunning 13 of wealth around the world. Globally, the top 1 percent own roughly 43 percent of the world’s total wealth, according to Oxfam. Concerns about such inequality may 14 public support for wealth taxes. However, economic shocks and tight budgets historically have been the most common causes of their 15 , researchers have found. 1．A．stocks B．paychecks C．inheritance D．consumption 2．A．disrupting B．justifying C．restoring D．strengthening 3．A．called for B．doubted about C．held onto D．fended off 4．A．voluntarily B．reluctantly C．previously D．intentionally 5．A．fuel B．embrace C．exploit D．weaken 6．A．unintended B．due C．ridiculous D．authorized 7．A．obligation B．defect C．nightmare D．regulation 8．A．assessing B．relocating C．maintaining D．rearranging 9．A．under attack B．in existence C．in question D．under discussion 10．A．What’s more B．By contrast C．In consequence D．In fact 11．A．strain B．dependence C．trick D．focus 12．A．guarantee B．lack C．denial D．revival 13．A．explosion B．concentration C．distribution D．devaluation 14．A．shake B．prompt C．undermine D．revolutionize 15．A．absence B．dismissal C．passage D．dominance Passage2 The sudden death of Zhang Xuefeng has pushed him into the centre of public debate. For many Chinese students and parents, he was not merely an internet educator. He was also a powerful symbol of a highly 1 age, in which college majors were judged mainly by salary, stability, and the chance of entering the civil service. This is why the debate around him should not end with 2 alone. The real question is whether choosing a university major must be as utilitarian (pursuing investment pay-offs) as he often suggested. Zhang became famous partly because he spoke in a direct and practical way. His remarks on journalism and his claim that “liberal arts are all service industries” caused strong 3 , and he later apologized. Yet these remarks also won support from many anxious families, because they seemed to offer clear answers in a(n) 4 world. To be fair, a practical view of education is not entirely wrong. For many ordinary families, especially those without much social capital, a college major is not a(n) 5 choice. It is closely connected with future income, employment pressure, and class mobility. In such cases, it is 6 that parents care about whether a subject can lead to a stable job. A poor family may simply not have the luxury to treat higher education as a(n) 7 adventure. In this sense, Zhang did meet a real social need: he turned hidden information into public advice, and he gave many families a sense of direction when they felt lost. 8 , practicality should not become the only standard. The problem with extreme utilitarianism is that it reduces knowledge to a mere tool and turns students into machines designed for the 9 market. A major is then valued only by one question: “Will it help me get a job quickly?” But society changes too fast for such calculations to remain 10 . Today’s “safe” major may be overcrowded tomorrow; today’s “useless” field may become newly 11 in a different economic or cultural climate. If everyone rushes toward the same options, the result may be not security, but another form of competition and disappointment. More importantly, education should do more than produce 12 . Literature, history, philosophy, journalism, and other humanities subjects may not always lead directly to high salaries, but they help people understand society, language, memory, justice, and the meaning of human life. Without such training, a person may become efficient, yet remain intellectually 13 . A society that laughs at all “useless” knowledge may lose the ability to reflect on itself. Therefore, college-major selection should be practical, but not blindly utilitarian. Students must consider jobs and reality, yet they should also consider interest, ability, and the deeper value of knowledge. Zhang Xuefeng’s popularity showed the anxiety of the age; his death now reminds us of something else: life is short, and education should not be reduced to nothing more than a race for 14 return. Between dream and survival, what young people need is not one extreme or the other, but a wiser 15 . 1．A．developed B．competitive C．digitised D．globalised 2．A．morality B．personality C．employment D．mourning 3．A．approval B．embarrassment C．controversy D．reflection 4．A．uncertain B．diverse C．unique D．massive 5．A．subjective B．abstract C．habitual D．psychological 6．A．regrettable B．understandable C．questionable D．admirable 7．A．rewarding B．commercial C．strategic D．romantic 8．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Furthermore 9．A．labour B．academic C．consumer D．financial 10．A．changeable B．beneficial C．flexible D．reliable 11．A．innovative B．irreplaceable C．demanding D．irreversible 12．A．workers B．scientists C．adventurers D．creators 13．A．productive B．instructive C．reflective D．passive 14．A．profitable B．immediate C．marginal D．successive 15．A．balance B．escape C．alternative D．pursuit Passage 3 The first time I went to Europe alone I stayed at a youth hostel (旅社). Youth hostels have large dormitory-style rooms with bunk beds (双层床). They’re considerably cheaper than 1 hotels. I was in Paris for a week, and I had no idea what to expect. As I was going out to 2 the city on my first night, a young Japanese man asked if he could join me. We went to see Notre Dame, and my new friend taught me a Japanese word, “sugoi,” which means “awesome.” An elderly French woman we encountered on the street directed us to a subterranean party in a medieval (中世纪的) space where people danced to rock and roll songs. This was the first time I experienced a great advantage of youth hostels: They are not only relatively cheap but also provide a great opportunity for the 3 . In subsequent stays at youth hostels, I would meet the scion (后裔) of a rich New England family who was 4 to find meaning in his life, a lawyer going through a divorce, and a young African man looking for a girlfriend. I 5 to take trains over airplanes for the same reason: On trains, I talked with people from all walks of life — people who often shared their 6 of life with me. Meeting people from different backgrounds provides a 7 opportunity. You can learn from those people. 8 , one of the great advantages of colleges in the United States is that students meet, work with, and engage in discussions with people from different geographic and cultural backgrounds. But there is another advantage to this kind of socializing: It is rich in 9 . Like traveling to a new place, where you can’t really know what your experience will be like, meeting 10 strangers keeps you from falling into 11 expectations. You don’t know whether the people you meet will share your opinions, whether they’ll defer to (听从) you or 12 the conversation, or whether they’ll laugh at your jokes or make you laugh. I think this may be part of the attraction of “ 13 box” socializing, where people sign up to be matched with strangers for dinner, say, or a hike. When you sign up for such an event, you don’t know what kind of conversations you might have, or how you might interact with the other people who sign up. But that is the point. Sometimes it is good to 14 the unexpected. If you have the chance, you might give it a try — meet someone surprising, but stay 15 , of course. 1．A．old B．elderly C．frequent D．regular 2．A．expand B．explore C．exploit D．extend 3．A．inexperienced B．informed C．unexpected D．unguided 4．A．struggling B．fearing C．begging D．representing 5．A．opted B．objected C．orbited D．offered 6．A．possession B．property C．philosophy D．psychology 7．A．wealth B．growth C．youth D．warmth 8．A．In fact B．In contrast C．Above all D．After all 9．A．experiences B．miseries C．surprises D．emotions 10．A．random B．superior C．rigid D．academic 11．A．lazy B．busy C．crazy D．nasty 12．A．follow B．absorb C．dominate D．commit 13．A．blank B．black C．blind D．deaf 14．A．enclose B．envelop C．embrace D．embarrass 15．A．silent B．alone C．calm D．safe Passage 4 Drawn to Help The Palisades Fire in Los Angeles burned Charlotte Tragos’s home to the ground. The height chart from when she was a child was 1 on the kitchen wall. Family heirlooms (传家宝) filled the cupboards. Her parents’ wedding video from the 1990s was stored in the basement. All were 2 to ashes. “It was a pretty special and unique house,” says Tragos, who fled with her parents, her younger sister and their three dogs when the fire broke out on Jan.7, 2025. All the teenager took with her was her high school diploma, her dog’s ashes and a pair of sneakers. “The streets were packed with people running, driving on the wrong side of the road,” she says, 3 that everyone knew they were running for their lives. A few days after the fire started, a friend shared a video with her 4 a Los Angeles artist offering to create, for free, watercolor paintings of people’s homes before they burned down. Tragos 5 the artist, Jordan Heber, asking if she could paint her childhood home. “I wanted to do it as a surprise to my parents, who are 6 with so much right now,” she says. Tragos sent a photo to Heber who completed a painting of Tragos’s home in just three days. “Our homes are so much more than these 7 structures that we keep our belongings in,” says Heber, who works as a brand strategist Santa Monica and does commissioned paintings — primarily of people’s homes — on the side. She typically charges between $350 and $400 per painting. “It’s an incredible honor to create these 8 tributes to the places that held so much life and memory.” Tragos says she will forever be 9 to Heber for her generosity. “It means the world,” she says. “We’re in a position where we have nothing and anything like that, especially pieces as a(n) 10 of what the house meant to us — it is really uplifting.” “I 11 around a lot when I was younger, and so the meaning of home is significant to me,” Heber says, noting that she has the word home tattooed on her forearm. The idea 12 a desire to offer comfort at a time of deep loss. After the wildfires started, Heber thought about ways she could 13 . A friend sent her an Instagram post by another local artist offering to draw people’s homes at no 14 . Heber was inspired by it to 15 her talent to the needs of people who had lost their homes. “This will be my way to help people,” said Heber. She is glad people find her paintings meaningful, saying, “Hopefully it inspires others to use their talents to help people.” 1．A．measured B．projected C．marked D．composed 2．A．exposed B．reduced C．related D．subjected 3．A．claiming B．adding C．maintaining D．arguing 4．A．engaging B．featuring C．characterizing D．spotting 5．A．tracked down B．looked up to C．sent for D．reached out to 6．A．overwhelmed B．impressed C．equipped D．blessed 7．A．physical B．memorable C．emotional D．imposing 8．A．inner B．inspiring C．lasting D．supreme 9．A．receptive B．sympathetic C．indebted D．empathetic 10．A．interpretation B．hint C．demonstration D．reminder 11．A．looked B．moved C．hung D．messed 12．A．sprang from B．focused on C．gave rise to D．gave way to 13．A．contribute B．invent C．donate D．sponsor 14．A．loss B．discount C．risk D．charge 15．A．entitle B．apply C．offer D．tailor Passage 5 Economists tend to be big fans of education, which is perhaps not surprising given how much of it they consume and how well their textbooks can do. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hoped that education would help 1 the “distinction between workingmen and gentlemen”. Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as a(n) 2 in “human capital” that would earn a return in the market. But economists can also be extremely 3 about schooling. The theory of signaling compares many educational certificates to peacock’s tails: costly encumbrance (累赘), 4 only as noticeable proof that their owners are intellectually strong enough to bear them. And in “The Social Limits to Growth”, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What 5 is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. For many students, it is not enough merely to acquire a good education. They must obtain a better education than the people 6 them in the queue for sought-after jobs. Positional goods are, by their nature, in strictly 7 supply. Everyone can, in principle, live in good neighbourhood, attend a good school, and work in a good job. But logic 8 says that not everyone can enjoy the nicest neighborhoods, best schools or most decent jobs. An unhappy 9 is that one family’s expenses on schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are often drawn unconsciously into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the hope that it will improve their child’s 10 in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in same position as before. They are in fact, worse off 11 the costs and frustration caused. “If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better,” Hirsch noted. And their feet also 12 . The arms race is notably less 13 in parts of Europe. In Norway and Sweden, parents show little demand for tutoring. And overeducation is less common in Germany and other countries that sort children early into academic or vocational schools with little 14 between the two, according to a study by Valentina Di Stasio of Utrecht University. Vocational schools are supposed to teach what employers want employees to know. That may limit the scope for certification inflation (通胀). For better or worse, they also remove large numbers of students from the race for more 15 achievements. 1．A．identify B．defeat C．neglect D．erase 2．A．interest B．trial C．investment D．experiment 3．A．critical B．curious C．profound D．optimistic 4．A．famous B．useful C．available D．logical 5．A．matters B．happens C．follows D．changes 6．A．depending on B．looking after C．turning to D．competing with 7．A．limited B．fixed C．endless D．hazardous 8．A．unwillingly B．softly C．sadly D．frequently 9．A．relationship B．demonstration C．solution D．consequence 10．A．performance B．position C．balance D．expedition 11．A．because of B．in spite of C．by means of D．in terms of 12．A．sank B．hurt C．moved D．cropped 13．A．final B．intense C．open D．adequate 14．A．agreement B．distance C．difference D．mobility 15．A．technical B．cultural C．academic D．vocational 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $