考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（上）（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期北师大版

**基本信息** 聚焦阅读理解6大常考话题，通过真题实战与考题猜想系统训练，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题实战-科学技术|5篇（含包头、长沙等期末真题）|细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意|围绕科技现象与影响，构建"现象-实验-结论"逻辑链| |真题实战-自然环境|5篇（含泸州、哈尔滨等期末真题）|推理判断、观点态度|以环境问题与保护为核心，形成"问题-措施-影响"认知框架| |真题实战-做人与做事|5篇（含宜宾、清远等期末真题）|主旨归纳、推理判断|聚焦人际与成长主题，建立"事件-感悟-启示"思维路径| |考题猜想|4篇|综合题型|延续常考话题，强化话题迁移与解题思维应用|

考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（上） （期末复习专项训练） 目录 话题 篇目 真题实战 6大常考话题 话题一：科学技术 5 话题二：自然环境 5 话题三：做人与做事 5 考题猜想 Passage1-4 4 6大常考话题一:科学技术（5篇） Passage 1：1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 2：1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 3：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D Passage 4：1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C Passage 5：1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 6大常考话题二: 自然环境（5篇） Passage 1：1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B Passage 2：1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D Passage 3：1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D Passage 4：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 5：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 6大常考话题三: 做人与做事（5篇） Passage 1：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 2：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 3：1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 4：1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A Passage 5：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 1：1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 2：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 3：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 4：1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（上） （期末复习专项训练） 目录 话题 篇目 真题实战 6大常考话题 话题一：科学技术 5 话题二：自然环境 5 话题三：做人与做事 5 考题猜想 Passage1-4 4 6大常考话题一:科学技术（5篇） Passage 1 (24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期末) Do phone calls from long-lost friends really excite you? You’re not alone. A new study finds people often underestimate how much their old friends will appreciate receiving a call from them out of the blue. Meanwhile, the friend getting the call places a much higher value on the surprise social interaction. “People are fundamentally social beings and enjoy bonding with others,” explains lead author Peggy Liu, PhD, from the University of Pittsburgh, in a media release. Researchers conducted several experiments involving over 5,900 people to look at what factors play into the amount of appreciation someone feels when others contact them. In one experiment, researchers asked half of the participants to remember the last time they contacted someone in their social circle after not speaking with them for a really long time. The rest of the group took the opposite approach, remembering when a long-lost friend reached them by phone. The two groups then had to rate on a seven-point scale (1 meaning “not at all” and 7 meaning “to a great extent”) how much the person receiving this communication appreciated, or felt grateful, or pleased about the message. For people making the call, this meant guessing how much their friend enjoyed hearing from them. For the people receiving the call, they simply had to rate how much they appreciated hearing from a long-lost pal. Results showcase the people reaching their friend significantly underrated their friend’s appreciation when the two groups were compared. “I sometimes hesitate before contacting people in my social circle for a variety of reasons. When that happens, I think about these research findings and remind myself that other people may also want to reach me and hesitate for the same reasons,” Liu concludes. “I then tell myself that I would appreciate it so much if they reached me and that there is no reason to think they would not similarly appreciate my reaching them.” 1．Which of the following best explains “out of the blue” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Delightedly. B．Instantly. C．Regularly. D．Unexpectedly. 2．What are the researchers’ conclusions based on? A．The comparison between the data from two groups. B．Their observation of social interaction among participants. C．Their analysis of participants’ attachment to their old friends. D．Their investigation into the social connections of participants. 3．What can we learn about the participants reaching their friends? A．They tended to be more sociable. B．They expressed different grades of gratitude. C．Their friends might hesitate to contact them for various reasons. D．Their friends were more grateful for their calls than they had expected. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Improve Your Communication Skills. B．Observe the Law of Social Interaction. C．Have No Hesitation in Reaching Your Friend. D．Promote a Closer Friendship by Calling Your Friend. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙市同升湖高级中学·期末） Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide-ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities — such as football, basketball, or hockey — specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social-emotional skills. A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities. The changing, unpredictable nature of a team game requires quick decision-making, strategic responses to opponents, and controlling immediate reactions — activities that effectively exercise the brain’s prefrontal cortex.   Moreover, the cooperative structure of team sports acts as a powerful practice field for complex social situations. Players must handle different roles, communicate under pressure, discuss strategies, and deal with both team conflicts and losses. This constant experience in a small “society” develops higher emotional intelligence, including understanding others’ feelings, seeing from different viewpoints, and recovering from group disappointments. The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in-group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence. Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities. In an age of digital communication and often weakened community connections, the purposeful, physical cooperation required by team sports offers an irreplaceable training space for the mental flexibility and social skills needed today. 1．What is the main point the passage makes about team sports? A．They are better than all other exercises for controlling teenagers’ weight. B．They offer special mental and social benefits that individual exercise doesn’t. C．Their main value is finding and developing top sports talent for a community. D．Science has directly proven that they greatly improve school exam results. 2．According to the study mentioned, what specific area did team sports players improve in? A．Basic physical strength and muscle stamina. B．Mental control abilities like thinking flexibility. C．Basic math calculation speed and correctness. D．Ability to remember facts and skills for a long time. 3．How does the passage say team sports work as a “buffer” for teenagers? A．By ensuring they always win in competitions. B．By offering money for school and future job chances. C．By building strong group unity and a feeling of belonging. D．By cutting down the time needed for schoolwork. 4．What factor does the passage say affects how much psychological benefit team sports provide? A．The price and exclusivity level of the sports equipment used. B．The geographic location and weather conditions for the sport. C．The current popularity and media attention the sport gets. D．The coaching quality and focus on improvement over winning. Passage 3 (24-25高一下·广东江门鹤山第一中学·期末) In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal (真菌的) threads. When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground internet.” “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声脉冲) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew toward the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be considered? Torres responds firmly: “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience (知觉).” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide”— a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, informing farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance: “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1．How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to paragraph 1? A．By growing thicker leaves. B．By attracting helpful insects. C．By releasing chemical warnings. D．By producing complex sounds. 2．What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in paragraph 2? A．Plants prefer silence. B．Plants ignore droughts. C．Plants react to water sounds. D．Plants respond to pest sounds. 3．What does the underlined word “edge” mean in Paragraph 4? A．To approach gradually. B．To balance carefully. C．To compete fiercely. D．To increase dramatically. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Debates on plant morals. B．Technical aspects of sensors. C．Farming success in Kenya. D．Balancing business and ecology. Passage 4 (24-25高一下·四川宜宾翠屏区宜宾第一中学校·期末) On the side of a busy road leading into Dundee, on the east coast of Scotland, the blades (叶片) of a small wind turbine (涡轮机) move in the wind of passing cars and trucks. It is charging a battery that is below the ground. This is an invention by Sanwal Muneer, a young engineer from Pakistan. Muneer was inspired to create the turbine as he stood on the side of a racetrack several years ago. “At first, the light wind from the cars was just a welcome relief from the heat,” he says. “Then I started to think about how we could use that energy.” The turbine stands two-and-a-half metres tall. Made of recyclable carbon fibre, it weighs just nine kilogrammes, making it easy to transport and set up. The fully-charged battery can hold a kilowatt of electricity, enough to run two lamps and a fan for around 40 hours. The idea is that this could be a source of electricity for rural communities in developing countries, or could power traffic lights or road signs in urban areas. Dundee City Council is the first local authority to allow Muneer’s company, Capture Mobility, to test the turbine beside its roads. “We want to help engineers create something inventive which is also beneficial to the city.” says Neil Gellatly, head of roads and transportation for Dundee City Council. Capture Mobility moved to Scotland from Pakistan in 2015. The Scottish government is investing (投资) in cleaner-energy technologies. Wind is also strong and plentiful all year round here. This made it a good location for Muneer’s company. Production costs remain the company’s biggest challenge. The turbines must be affordable in developing countries, but achieving this will depend on commercial (商业的) scale (规模). Capture Mobility is now analysing data from the turbine. Later this year, the company plans to send the next stage of the design to the producers. “I am passionate about engineering,” Muneer says. “But engineering is only a success if it improves lives.” 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By sharing opinions about turbines. B．By offering the definition of turbines. C．By introducing the inventor’s experience. D．By describing the scene of a turbine at work. 2．What can we learn about Muneer’s turbine? A．It is fixed to the ground. B．It turns traffic into energy. C．It has been used to power traffic lights. D．It is inspired by a rechargeable fan. 3．Why did Capture Mobility move to Scotland? A．To make full use of its wind with the Scottish government’s permission. B．To work with its inventive engineers. C．To help solve its energy shortage. D．To answer its government’s invitation. 4．What might Capture Mobility do in the future? A．Make the turbine out of recyclable materials. B．Invest in cleaner-energy technologies. C．Test the turbine in Dundee. D．Mass-produce the turbine. Passage 5 (24-25高一下·四川宜宾翠屏区宜宾第一中学校·期末) Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour. Aireraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster each new computer boasts (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left bebind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have dange according to some seientists; too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about. However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world. There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. 1．The new products become more and more time-saving because_________. A．our love on speed seems never-ending B．time is limited C．the prices are increasingly high D．the manufacturers boast a lot 2．What does“the days”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Imaginary life. B．Simple life in the past. C．Times of inventions. D．Time for constant activity. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Negative. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The present and past times. B．Machinery and human beings. C．Imaginations and inventions. D．Modern technology and its influence. 6大常考话题二: 自然环境（5篇） Passage 1 (24-25高一下·四川泸州三校联盟·期末) According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 1．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 2．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 3．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. Passage 2 (24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨第四中学校·期末) Edward Davis was a professor who worked on ocean research. However, bored with writing death records of ocean species, he quit his job in 2007. Rather than spend any more of his life recording the dying, Edward decided to try to protect the living creatures in the few re-maining areas of the ocean. These areas are the last wild places of the sea still undamaged by overfishing, pollution and climate change. “It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” Edward says. “These places are the examples of sustainable(可持续的) development. Maybe we can’t bring all of the ocean back to this state, but these places show us what the potential is.” Beneath the surface of a stormy sea off Palau in the western Pacific lie various lively corals. The tiny island nation has protected 80 percent of its waters as a no-fishing area—the largest percentage of protected ocean area in the world. The remaining 20 percent can be fished only by Palauans. To protect these places, Edward and his team started a project on ocean protection in 2008. Over the past years, the project has helped create 22 ocean reserves. These make up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected ocean areas. Now Edward and his team have set an even bigger goal—to protect more than a third of the world’s oceans for the purpose of keeping biological diversity. For Edward, one of the most satisfying aspects of his job is working with local communi-ties in the places he and his team are seeking to protect. The team worked closely with about 50 local people on the island. “We showed them an underwater world they had never seen,” Edward recalls. “Huge schools of fish will surely swim in some of the clearest waters ever measured in the Pacific.” 1．Why did Edward quit his previous job? A．To record the dying. B．To increase land species. C．To write a book on the sea. D．To protect the sea creatures. 2．What can we learn about Palau from paragraph 2? A．20 percent of it is covered by the sea. B．It is an area open to fishermen worldwide. C．It is an example of sustainable development. D．The surface of it is destroyed by water pollution. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Edward’s project. B．Edward’s team members. C．The ways of keeping biodiversity. D．The ways of creating ocean reserves. 4．How does Edward feel about the future of ocean protection? A．Confused. B．Stressed. C．Curious. D．Positive. Passage 3 (24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨第四中学校·期末) A group of clams (河蚌) recently caught people’s attention after an article was posted by China Science Communication online. Although these clams are usually regarded as nothing more than delicious food, they work to monitor the local water quality in Poland. Gruba Kaska pumping station, which stands in the River Wisla, helps provide millions of liters of water to Warsaw, the Capital of Poland. However, one particular concern for the water quality has been heavy metals, and researchers sought help from nature to solve this problem. Clams are sensitive (敏感的) to pollutants in their environment as they filter (过滤) water to feed on microorganisms (微生物). They shut their shells immediately after detecting “dangerous” water. Based on this, the researchers selected eight clams at a time and recorded the natural opening of their shells. After the clam “employees” become used to the local water, they are placed in a specially designed container. With sensors stuck onto their shells, the clams are connected to system that records how wide the shells are open. If four or more clams close their shells at the same time, an alarm will be triggered (触发) and the water supply will be shut down. The result is reliable because the creatures are considering many different factors at the same time, according to ZME Science. Animals have long been helpers for human activities. Farmers in north Queensland, Australia, have been ordering different species of dung beetles (屎壳郎) to help clean up cattle dung, according to ABC News. As the number of cattle grows, their waste increases, leading to an enormous population of flies and a worsening environment. Dung Beetles, however, take the waste and bury it. This way, they help improve soil quality. Similarly, cockroaches (蟑螂) are used to deal with kitchen waste at several firms in China, according to a report of The Beijing News in 2018. About 300 million cockroaches are fed 15 tons of food waste on a daily basis, and they themselves are a good protein resource for livestock (牲畜). 1．Why did researchers look for help from clams to monitor water quality? A．They are good at sensing pollutants. B．They can help clear heavy metals. C．They are inexpensive and easy to find. D．They live on microorganisms. 2．What will happen when four or more clams close their shells at the same time? A．The clams will be removed from their container. B．The system recording the clams will break down. C．The sensors on their shells will be changed. D．The water supply will be turned off. 3．How do dung beetles help improve soil quality in north Queensland, Australia? A．By digesting harmful waste. B．By burying cattle dung in the soil. C．By producing fertilizer (肥料) themselves. D．By controlling the loss of soil nutrients. 4．What can we infer from the text? A．Cockroaches are harmful to the environment. B．Dung beetles can solve all environmental problems. C．Clams are the only animals that can detect water quality. D．Animals can play a role in solving some human problems. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·江苏天一中学·期末) A roomful of hundreds of blooming orchids (盛开的兰花) is always a breathtaking sight. But Smithsonian Gardens has gone even further with its 28th annual orchid show held in the Kogod Courtyard. For the first time, Smithsonian Gardens used art to enrich the showy natural display, selecting the work of Baltimore-based artist Phaan Howng. Howng hopes her art inspires audiences to take action to support the protection of orchid species. Accompanying around 350 live orchids, Howng’s original artwork features brightly colored flowerpots, hand-painted tree wraps, and three-dimensional sculptures (雕塑作品) of a select group of orchids. To construct the sculptures, she used 3D prints of plants in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection and then mounted them onto a steel base. They were then revised and finished with various artificial (人造的) materials. The orchid plants can spend only a short time outside their ideal growing conditions: 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 65 to 80 percent humidity (湿度). Those conditions are maintained year-round at the Smithsonian’s 16,000-square-foot greenhouse. Justin Kondrat, lead horticulturist (园艺家) for the Smithsonian Gardens Orchard Collection, says the 28,000-square-foot Kogod Courtyard is an acceptable environment for the short term. Smithsonian Gardens employees regularly maintain humidity and provide nutrients during the exhibition. The annual show educates visitors about orchids’ precarious situation in some areas of the world. The number of orchids has significantly declined due to illegal harvesting in some regions, and many species are now threatened by changes in climate and habitat. Orchards are found around the globe everywhere except in Antarctica, says Kondrat. The largest diversity is in the tropics (热带地区), though they are under the most threat there due to disappearing habitats. Horticulturists periodically enhance the collection. Smithsonian Gardens aims to use appropriate collection techniques and safeguard the orchids for future generations and for scientific research and use, Kondrat says. Every orchid “is a living collection item,” Kondrat notes, adding that it is given “the same level of care and attention to detail as any of the photos hanging in the National Portrait Gallery.” 1．What can be learned about Smithsonian Gardens’ 28th orchid show? A．It focuses on orchids’ symbolic significance. B．It has long been known for its artistic element. C．It promotes technology use in art. D．It displays both real and artificial flowers. 2．Which aspect of orchids does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．Their biological effects. B．Their environmental sensitivity. C．Their soil conditions. D．Their healthy growth. 3．What is the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 4 closest in meaning to? A．Unlikely. B．Ideal. C．Dangerous. D．Different 4．What does Justin Kondrat want to show by mentioning the National Portrait Gallery? A．High-standard care for displayed orchids. B．Its cooperation with Smithsonian Gardens. C．Its contribution to the orchid exhibition. D．Effective techniques for collecting orchids. Passage 5 (24-25高一下·湖南长沙宁乡·期末) California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B．The increasing variety of California big trees. C．The distribution of big trees in California forests. D．The influence of farming on big trees in California. 2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A．Ecological studies of forests. B．Banning woodcutting. C．Limiting housing development. D．Fire control measures. 3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season. C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California 6大常考话题三: 做人与做事（5篇） Passage 1 (24-25高一·四川宜宾翠屏区四川宜宾第一中学校·期末) Amanda Kofoeds had found a strange lump in her arm one day and visited a doctor at a friend's urging. During this time, she was enrolled in school for education and was currently uninsured due to the expense. She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer. Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense. They took matters into their own hands and started a GoFundMe campaign. The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动).The event started an outpouring of enormous generosity from the local community. Amanda and her husband Clint teared up as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The generous act of kindness gave the family a comforting, and optimistic feeling during a time when all hope seemed lost. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea of asking for help. She felt guilty and undeserving compared to others who are also struggling. In the time since, Amanda has enrolled in an insurance plan and has finished chemotherapy. Life for the family has started getting back to their normal routine. Once Amanda got her strength back, she returned to school and completed her bachelor's degree in education. She is now a teacher. She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them. The couple said they feel blessed by the strong support. PassItOn wants to celebrate those heroes during the family's darkest time. These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole. 1．Why did Amanda Kofoeds postpone her treatment? A．She was admitted to a school. B．Her family couldn't afford the medical cost. C．No good doctors could treat her cancer. D．Her friends and family refused to assist her. 2．What did her friends do to help Amanda Kofoeds? A．They started a donation flash mob. B．They founded a community school. C．They supported her through local hospitals. D．They fought for assistance from the whole country. 3．Which word best describes the couple's feeling when strongly supported? A．Guilty. B．Satisfied. C．Anxious. D．Grateful. 4．What can we learn from Amanda Kofoeds' story? A．Hard work pays off. B．The value of charity is great. C．Education is the key to success. D．A friend is never known till a man has need. Passage 2 (24-25高一下·广东清远·期末) Over ten years ago, I walked into a small, cold classroom on the first floor of Towson High School. It was my junior year, and I’d feared this moment for months: It was finally time to take physics. But everything changed when I met Mr. Jochmans, or “Joch”, as we called him. He greeted us with a loud “Hello, my wonderful physics students!” and a big smile. He must have known how anxious we were, how truly nervous we were of physics and the math required to understand it. On that first day, Joch told us something we’d hold close for the rest of our lives — that our grades didn’t reflect our worth as human beings. This was a big deal at a tough school like Towson. He showed us that learning could be fun. Over the next year, Mr. Jochmans introduced us to the magic of physics — and school. He kept some snacks for students who hadn’t eaten breakfast; he played music during lab time. There were no stupid questions in Joch’s class, and if you didn’t understand a concept (概念), he’d stay after school with you for hours until you did. I ate lunch in Joch’s classroom nearly every day, from the beginning of junior year until I graduated in 2016. For two years we talked daily about everything — theatre, music, and sometimes physics. He told me about Michigan State University, where he went to college. For a while, I thought I’d study physics in college, maybe at Michigan State, because Joch made me love learning about speed and acceleration (加速度). But when I found a program in Canada to study theatre, Joch encouraged me to attend. When I applied to the University of Ottawa and got in, he was ecstatic. After I moved to Canada, we lost touch. I became a theatre critic, a job Joch had once suggested. In 2022, I visited Towson to lead a theatre criticism workshop, and, joy of joys, ran into Joch. Not only did he remember my name but he knew what I’d been up to. Mr. Jochmans passed away this month, just a week before the start of the new school year. He was the kind of teacher who made everyone feel special. 1．What do we know about Mr. Jochmans from paragraph 2? A．He made lab time more challenging. B．He helped students get high grades in physics. C．He advised students to compete with each other. D．He believed a person’s value was more than just grades. 2．What does the underlined word “ecstatic” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Pretty angry. B．Really confused. C．Extremely happy. D．Slightly disappointed. 3．What can we infer about the author’s career choice? A．The author worked as a leader of a theatre workshop. B．The author became a theatre critic on Mr. Jochmans’ advice. C．Mr. Jochmans had no influence on the author’s career decision. D．Mr. Jochmans supported the author’s choice of physics research. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To honour a teacher who influenced her life. B．To describe her experiences of learning physics. C．To explain how she developed interests in theatre. D．To advocate for kindness through her personal story. Passage 3 (24-25高一·四川宜宾翠屏区四川宜宾第一中学校·期末) The other day, my friend Sara was telling me about a relationship with her colleague that was broken beyond repair. The two of them had been close. And then one day, Sara had, with the best intentions, done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at. Things became worse. Sara didn’t know what to say or do. She didn’t know how to repair the relationship. She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her. She felt justified in her anger. The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together. The team, and their output, were suffering. It was time to do something to rectify the situation. I asked Sara what she needed. After much thought, she told me that she needed her colleague to be willing to listen to her with an open mind, to at least consider that she hadn’t meant any harm by what she’d done and to apologize for taking things so seriously and making things so bad. “Ah…” I said to her. “You want an apology.” I then asked her, “What do you think your colleague might want?” I asked. She didn’t answer. “Did you ever apologize?” I asked her. She shook her head no. “Do you think you might want to apologize?” I asked her. She shrugged her shoulders… then shook her head yes. Sometimes we take so long to apologize. We justify our unwillingness, saying it won’t really make a difference. Or they should apologize first. Or we didn’t mean any harm and they misunderstood us. But I’ve found that an apology—a true, heartfelt apology—can work wonders. It can repair the unrepairable. It can fix just about anything. 1．What happened between Sara and her colleague? A．They decided to quit the job together. B．They spoke ill of each other. C．They were badly annoyed with each other. D．They criticized each other’s poor work performance. 2．What does the underlined word “rectify” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Investigate. B．Correct. C．Maintain. D．Review. 3．What did the author advise Sara to do? A．Accept her colleague’s apology. B．Wait for her colleague to apologize. C．Apologize to her colleague first. D．Justify herself to her colleague. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To stress the importance of an apology. B．To explain how to apologize effectively. C．To show how to respond to others’ apology. D．To offer advice on getting along with colleagues. Passage 4 (24-25高一·吉林延吉第三高级中学·期末) As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me; but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?” This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 1．As a six-year-old, what made Ryan surprised? A．The distance of the drinking fountain from him. B．What his teacher said about people in developing African countries. C．The steps to the drinking fountain. D．His easy life compared with children in developing African counties. 2．How did Ryan first plan to earn money for building a well? A．By asking classmates and neighbours for help. B．By setting up a foundation to raise money. C．By cleaning windows and doing gardening for family and neighbours. D．By telling his story publicly. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Ryan’s new plan in Canada. B．Ryan’s experience of visiting Africa. C．How people in Africa use the wells. D．The development of Ryan’s foundation and its influence. 4．Which of the following can best describe Ryan’s personalities? A．Kind and determined. B．Brave and humorous. C．Generous but shy. D．Selfish but creative. Passage 5 (24-25高一·北京朝阳区·期末) The first time Terry attended a meeting of the Tahquamenon Sportsmen’s Club, they made him vice president — and he wasn’t even a member. By his second visit, the few members left in the dying organization had put him in charge of the whole thing. The club began in the 1920s. Back then, hunting and fishing were pastimes in rural areas. The culture, however, is different now. When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs. Only a couple dozen members remained, and most were older than its new 68-year-old president. They were no longer doing the things they’d been known for. Worst of all, their famous fishing tackle party had been canceled twice, once just because they simply didn’t have enough members to pull it off. He wanted to push hard to keep the organization going, because it is one of the things that make up the heart and soul of Newberry. He had to look for new members. He needed to broaden the club’s offerings to attract younger people. More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again. Little by little, Terry’s efforts worked. People began asking about memberships. Some sent contributions. Others offered their time. A local company donated new siding for the clubhouse. Someone else said they would put a new roof on it. Someone came and mowed the lawn (草坪) when it got long in the summer. Others cleared the snow in the winter. All over town, people and businesses promised to help the club survive and succeed. On the day of the annual Kids Tackle Party, hundreds of kids and their families appeared. Terry started the event with a speech. A local fishing expert gave tips on how to catch fish. Then, one at a time, each of the 245 kids was called by name, and every one of them got a fishing pole and a tackle box. It took more than three hours to get through everyone who showed up. It was a big event, one that came close to dying, but was finally back. Terry fought to keep the club and party for kids, a longtime tradition in the Newberry community, going. Traditions are dying these days, but he was able to get people to hold onto this one. 1．When Terry took over the club,________. A．he was the youngest member B．the club was struggling to survive C．hunting was a popular pastime D．the culture of the club remained 2．To keep the organization going, what did Terry put at the top of his to-do list? A．Ensuring the return of the tackle party for kids. B．Broadening people’s minds in Newberry. C．Searching for help from his neighborhood. D．Offering appealing activities to attract new members. 3．What did the townspeople do to help the club? A．They fixed the clubhouse roof. B．They grew grass. C．They donated fishing poles. D．They removed the snow. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Interest does not lie. B．A hero shows up during challenging times. C．The discovery of tradition matters. D．Sometimes hard work doesn’t pay off. Passage 1 Imagine a lively setting, full of laughter and curiosity. That was the scene and sounds of my classroom as I guided young minds through different adventures. At our school’s learning center, I led a program that ranged from simple art projects and sports games to hands-on science experiments. We painted colorful pictures, kicked soccer balls across the field, and watched vinegar and baking soda fizz in clear cups. Every activity turned our classroom into a place for discovery and fun. I enjoyed spending time with the kids I was helping and learning alongside. That was my favorite part about the program. One memorable class involved making bubbles (肥皂泡). The children ran after the floating bubbles, shouting with delight, and I felt like a child again, caught up in their wonder. That simple game showed me how small joys can turn a normal day into something special. The positive effect of our classes rippled throughout the school. Other students noticed how happy our classroom sounded. They began to join in, and soon the entire learning center felt warmer and more welcoming. However, as I started this journey, I found it hard to stay calm when the children became noisy. But as I spent more time with them, I learned patience, kindness, and how to show empathy (同理心). I discovered that gentle words and clear instructions could turn disorder into order. My “little friends” taught me as much as I taught them. The energy and joy that filled the room not only impacted the children but left a long-lasting mark on me. They made me realize that education goes beyond textbooks. It’s about caring for each student, fanning their curiosity, and discovering the wonders of the world, one activity at a time. 1．What is a feature of the program? A．It focuses on appreciating art. B．It leads students to love nature. C．It holds various fun activities. D．It teaches students how to cook. 2．Why does the author mention the class about making bubbles? A．To remind us how to act like a child. B．To recall the moment in her childhood. C．To highlight the joy of teaching kids. D．To explain the importance of teamwork. 3．What does the underlined word “rippled” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Shook. B．Spread. C．Differed. D．Ended. 4．What can we learn from the author’s story? A．Teaching is learning. B．Think twice before you act. C．Hard work pays off. D．A miss is as good as. a mile. Passage 2 Celebrating a birthday with family, friends, cake and presents are something most people enjoy. After not celebrating a birthday with a party or cake for more than 10 years, one Burleson teacher got a huge surprise last week. Burleson High School English teacher Kyle Simpler said he came into his classroom on Feb.11, to see streamers (装饰彩纸条) , cake and presents for his 59th birthday from his English class. “I had no idea they would do something like that,” Simpler said. “It was carefully planned.” Simpler said while talking to his students one day, he made an off-hand comment about how he hasn’t had a birthday party or a cake in over 10 years. “They found out that my birthday was coming up,” Simpler said. “They made the cake and even put a picture of a cat on it because I’m always talking about how much I love cats.” As Simpler entered his classroom, some students took a video of his reaction (反应) to the party and posted it online. As the weekend went on, the video became a hit as millions of people around the world tuned in (观看). Simpler said people from England, Australia and the Netherlands were messaging him to wish him happy birthday. “Everyone has a cake for their birthday, and I thought we have to do this,” BHS senior Karlie Moran said, “We love him. This is a college-level class and he made it less stressful with his personality.” BHS Principal Wayne Leek said the school is lucky to have Simpler as a teacher. “Mr. Simple r is a teacher that really cares about his students and their success,” Leek said. “His students know that he not only holds high expectations for all but is always there to support each and every one of them. He is truly a special teacher.” 1．Why did Simpler feel surprised? A．His family made a video of him. B．His leader praised him for his work. C．His students got full marks in English. D．His students threw a birthday party for him. 2．How has the surprise turned out? A．It has caught worldwide attention. B．It has changed Simpler’s attitude to his job. C．It has improved Simpler’s relationship with his family. D．It has made the public realize the importance of education. 3．Which of the following best describes Simpler’s students? A．Courageous. B．Bright. C．Thoughtful. D．Creative. 4．What can we say about Simpler? A．He is ready to be a college teacher. B．He has a very good name at his school. C．He considers himself lucky to be a teacher. D．He regards his students as members of his family. Passage 3 It is rare that the CEO praises the virtues of sleeping late. According to one study, two-thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock, while for average Americans, the share is less than one third. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. Mike has no such ambitions. But he’s tried with early starts, and finds they bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor — mailbox can be cleared and problems solved before the flood of meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Early birds are certainly thought highly of. Rolling into the office late is unacceptable in most companies. A study published in 2020 found night owls (猫头鹰) were regarded as being “lazy” and “immature”. However, rising early is not all upside. Those prepared to receive work when the boss arrives may be assigned more of it. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. Waking before sunrise also risks making you a bore. Some early risers can’t help describing how much they got done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many,late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are viewed as for the elderly. If you’d like to change your body clock, it is possible to end in disappointment, as it is largely determined by genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 and why they ought to have break rooms. 1．What advantage does Mike find in early starts? A．Getting ready for the work. B．Enhancing creative thinking. C．Reducing workload pressure. D．Improving social relationships. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Night owls feel more stressed. B．Rising early is altogether beneficial. C．Rising early probably means getting more work. D．One arriving early can end up in working earlier. 3．What does the underlined words “hit the snooze button” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Let out a yawn. B．Sleep a little longer. C．Turn off the alarm. D．Get up to make breakfast. 4．What is the author’s final advice regarding the body clock? A．Accept their genetic determination. B．Prioritize nighttime productivity. C．Adjust it through consistent habits. D．Balance work with regular breaks. Passage 4 Recently, a video of four snow leopards climbing snowy cliffs (峭壁) in northern Pakistan made environmentalists very excited. Snow leopards are one kind of animals that are hard to find in the wild. Seeing just one on camera is difficult, let alone four at a time. This sighting is seen as a big win for Pakistan’s efforts to protect wildlife. Sakhawat Ali, a park worker who loves taking photos, filmed the snow leopards. He spent two weeks following their footprints in the Central Karakoram National Park, which is always covered in snow. It turned out that the four snow leopards were a mother and her three babies. Ali said that while people in his village often saw snow leopards, no one had ever seen four together before. He first saw the mother leopard. Then, he noticed more pawprints around. Later, from the roof of his house, he used binoculars (双筒望远镜) to look at a nearby cliff and was lucky enough to see all four leopards together. He quickly got his camera and filmed them from about 200 meters away. People in Ali’s village were happy about the sighting. However, they were also a bit worried that the leopards might attack their farm animals. Snow leopards are considered “vulnerable”, which means they are at risk of becoming endangered. They only live in high-altitude (海拔) mountains in the Himalayas, so they are seldom seen. The World Wildlife Fund in Pakistan said the sighting is a good sign, but snow leopards are still in danger. Snow leopards face many threats, like losing their homes and not having enough food. According to the United Nations, human activities and more livestock are harming the land where snow leopards live. This makes it harder for them to find food. Other problems include people hunting them illegally, new building projects destroying their habitats, and climate change making the situation worse. Given the terrible situation, it’s necessary that local communities work together to protect these amazing animals. Only in this way will future generations be able to see snow leopards in the wild. 1．Why did the sighting of four snow leopards excite environmentalists? A．It was a signal that the local climate was improving. B．It was unusual that snow leopards appeared in a group. C．It proved that snow leopards were no longer endangered. D．It indicated that snow leopards could adapt to new habitats. 2．How did Sakhawat Ali manage to film the snow leopards? A．By asking his neighbors for help. B．By tracking and observing them carefully. C．By waiting patiently near the cliff for long. D．By using advanced technology to search the mountains. 3．What is the villagers’ attitude towards the sighting? A．Mixed. B．Proud. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To describe the challenges for animals. B．To show human activities’ influence on wildlife. C．To call for collective efforts to protect snow leopards. D．To tell about the great adaptability of snow leopards. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（上） （期末复习专项训练） 目录 话题 篇目 真题实战 6大常考话题 话题一：科学技术 5 话题二：自然环境 5 话题三：做人与做事 5 考题猜想 Passage1-4 4 6大常考话题一:科学技术（5篇） Passage 1 (24-25高一下·内蒙古包头·期末) Do phone calls from long-lost friends really excite you? You’re not alone. A new study finds people often underestimate how much their old friends will appreciate receiving a call from them out of the blue. Meanwhile, the friend getting the call places a much higher value on the surprise social interaction. “People are fundamentally social beings and enjoy bonding with others,” explains lead author Peggy Liu, PhD, from the University of Pittsburgh, in a media release. Researchers conducted several experiments involving over 5,900 people to look at what factors play into the amount of appreciation someone feels when others contact them. In one experiment, researchers asked half of the participants to remember the last time they contacted someone in their social circle after not speaking with them for a really long time. The rest of the group took the opposite approach, remembering when a long-lost friend reached them by phone. The two groups then had to rate on a seven-point scale (1 meaning “not at all” and 7 meaning “to a great extent”) how much the person receiving this communication appreciated, or felt grateful, or pleased about the message. For people making the call, this meant guessing how much their friend enjoyed hearing from them. For the people receiving the call, they simply had to rate how much they appreciated hearing from a long-lost pal. Results showcase the people reaching their friend significantly underrated their friend’s appreciation when the two groups were compared. “I sometimes hesitate before contacting people in my social circle for a variety of reasons. When that happens, I think about these research findings and remind myself that other people may also want to reach me and hesitate for the same reasons,” Liu concludes. “I then tell myself that I would appreciate it so much if they reached me and that there is no reason to think they would not similarly appreciate my reaching them.” 1．Which of the following best explains “out of the blue” underlined in paragraph 1? A．Delightedly. B．Instantly. C．Regularly. D．Unexpectedly. 2．What are the researchers’ conclusions based on? A．The comparison between the data from two groups. B．Their observation of social interaction among participants. C．Their analysis of participants’ attachment to their old friends. D．Their investigation into the social connections of participants. 3．What can we learn about the participants reaching their friends? A．They tended to be more sociable. B．They expressed different grades of gratitude. C．Their friends might hesitate to contact them for various reasons. D．Their friends were more grateful for their calls than they had expected. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Improve Your Communication Skills. B．Observe the Law of Social Interaction. C．Have No Hesitation in Reaching Your Friend. D．Promote a Closer Friendship by Calling Your Friend. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新研究发现，人们常低估久未联系的朋友对突然来电的欣喜，而接电话者更看重这种意外社交互动。研究者通过实验证实此现象，作者也分享了自身感悟。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“surprise social interaction(意外的社交互动)”可知，研究发现人们常低估老朋友对突然来电的感激程度，故划线词意思是“意外地”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In one experiment, researchers asked half of the participants to remember the last time they contacted someone in their social circle after not speaking with them for a really long time. The rest of the group took the opposite approach, remembering when a long-lost friend reached them by phone.(在一项实验中，研究人员让一半的参与者回忆一下自己在与某位社交圈内的人长时间未联系之后，最后一次与他们取得联系的时间。而另一半参与者则采取了相反的方法，即回忆起一位久未联系的朋友通过电话联系自己的时间)”以及第三段“Results showcase the people reaching their friend significantly underrated their friend’s appreciation when the two groups were compared.(研究结果表明，当对两组人群进行比较时，联系到朋友的一方明显低估了朋友对自己消息的重视程度)”可知，研究人员得出的结论是基于对两组数据的比较。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Results showcase the people reaching their friend significantly underrated their friend’s appreciation when the two groups were compared.(研究结果表明，当对两组人群进行比较时，联系到朋友的一方明显低估了朋友对自己消息的重视程度)”可知，参与者的朋友对他们的来电表达的感激之情比他们原本预期的要多。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do phone calls from long-lost friends really excite you? You’re not alone. A new study finds people often underestimate how much their old friends will appreciate receiving a call from them out of the blue. Meanwhile, the friend getting the call places a much higher value on the surprise social interaction.(与久未谋面的朋友打个电话，真的会让你感到兴奋吗？你并非个例。一项新的研究发现，人们往往低估了那些久未联系的朋友收到自己突然打来的电话时会有多么感激。与此同时，接到电话的朋友则更看重这种突如其来的社交互动所带来的惊喜感)”结合文章主要说明了一项新研究发现，人们常低估久未联系的朋友对突然来电的欣喜，而接电话者更看重这种意外社交互动。研究者通过实验证实此现象，作者也分享了自身感悟。可知，C选项“有需要就毫不犹豫地联系你的朋友”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙市同升湖高级中学·期末） Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide-ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities — such as football, basketball, or hockey — specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social-emotional skills. A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities. The changing, unpredictable nature of a team game requires quick decision-making, strategic responses to opponents, and controlling immediate reactions — activities that effectively exercise the brain’s prefrontal cortex.   Moreover, the cooperative structure of team sports acts as a powerful practice field for complex social situations. Players must handle different roles, communicate under pressure, discuss strategies, and deal with both team conflicts and losses. This constant experience in a small “society” develops higher emotional intelligence, including understanding others’ feelings, seeing from different viewpoints, and recovering from group disappointments. The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in-group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence. Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities. In an age of digital communication and often weakened community connections, the purposeful, physical cooperation required by team sports offers an irreplaceable training space for the mental flexibility and social skills needed today. 1．What is the main point the passage makes about team sports? A．They are better than all other exercises for controlling teenagers’ weight. B．They offer special mental and social benefits that individual exercise doesn’t. C．Their main value is finding and developing top sports talent for a community. D．Science has directly proven that they greatly improve school exam results. 2．According to the study mentioned, what specific area did team sports players improve in? A．Basic physical strength and muscle stamina. B．Mental control abilities like thinking flexibility. C．Basic math calculation speed and correctness. D．Ability to remember facts and skills for a long time. 3．How does the passage say team sports work as a “buffer” for teenagers? A．By ensuring they always win in competitions. B．By offering money for school and future job chances. C．By building strong group unity and a feeling of belonging. D．By cutting down the time needed for schoolwork. 4．What factor does the passage say affects how much psychological benefit team sports provide? A．The price and exclusivity level of the sports equipment used. B．The geographic location and weather conditions for the sport. C．The current popularity and media attention the sport gets. D．The coaching quality and focus on improvement over winning. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要阐述了参与团队运动对青少年发展的多方面积极影响，包括在思维能力和社交情感技能方面的特殊益处，以及团队运动如何作为缓冲剂对抗青少年可能面临的社会疏离和心理困扰。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide - ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities—such as football, basketball, or hockey—specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social - emotional skills.(近期研究日益表明，参与有组织的团队运动对青少年发展有着重大且广泛的影响，远远超出单纯的身体健康范畴。虽然像跑步这样的个人运动确实能改善心脏健康，但参与像足球、篮球或曲棍球这样的团队活动，能特别培养出一套高级思维能力和社交情感技能)”可知，文章开篇点明主题，即团队运动对青少年发展有广泛影响，远超身体锻炼，与个人运动相比，团队运动能培养高级思维能力和社交情感技能，也就是团队运动提供了个人运动所没有的特殊心理和社交益处。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities.(一项长期研究表明，与仅进行个人锻炼或非体育活动的人相比，经常参与团队运动的青少年在需要心理控制的任务中表现更为出色，尤其是在认知灵活性（即转换思维的能力）和抑制性控制（即抵制冲动的能力）方面)”可知，研究表明经常参加团队运动的青少年在需要心理控制的任务中表现更好，特别是思维灵活性和抑制冲动的能力，即团队运动参与者提升了像思维灵活性这样的心理控制能力。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in - group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence.(共同追求一个共同目标也会产生强大的群体凝聚力和强烈的集体认同感，这是对抗青少年时期社会疏离和心理困扰的关键缓冲剂)”可知，第三段提到共同追求一个目标会产生强大的群体凝聚力和强烈的集体认同感，这是对抗青少年时期社会疏离和心理困扰的关键缓冲剂，也就是团队运动通过建立强大的群体团结和归属感来为青少年起到缓冲作用。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities.(有趣的是，这些益处似乎与参与程度有关，并且在一定程度上受到教练水平和团队文化的影响。那些注重技能提升、个人成长与合作学习，而非仅仅追求胜利的环境，更能促进心理健康和内在动力的提升——即便对于能力各异的球员而言也是如此)”可知，文章明确指出团队运动提供的心理益处受教练质量和注重提升而非获胜的团队文化的影响。故选D项。 Passage 3 (24-25高一下·广东江门鹤山第一中学·期末) In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal (真菌的) threads. When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground internet.” “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声脉冲) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew toward the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be considered? Torres responds firmly: “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience (知觉).” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide”— a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, informing farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance: “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1．How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to paragraph 1? A．By growing thicker leaves. B．By attracting helpful insects. C．By releasing chemical warnings. D．By producing complex sounds. 2．What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in paragraph 2? A．Plants prefer silence. B．Plants ignore droughts. C．Plants react to water sounds. D．Plants respond to pest sounds. 3．What does the underlined word “edge” mean in Paragraph 4? A．To approach gradually. B．To balance carefully. C．To compete fiercely. D．To increase dramatically. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Debates on plant morals. B．Technical aspects of sensors. C．Farming success in Kenya. D．Balancing business and ecology. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物通过真菌线组成的复杂网络、声音等交流及相关研究应用与争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison.(当受到昆虫攻击时，菜豆通过这些菌丝释放化学信号，警告邻近的植物产生毒素)”可知，菜豆在遭受昆虫攻击时会释放化学警告信号。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals.(在另一项实验中，当豌豆植株暴露在毛毛虫吃叶子的声音中时，会产生更高水平的防御性化学物质)”可知，豌豆植株会对声音做出反应。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. (其影响是深远的。遗传学家们正在培育具有更强信号传递能力的作物，为干旱或疾病打造“预警系统”。在肯尼亚，农民们将玉米与能释放信号的植物混种，利用这种自然方式防治害虫。“这有望将农药使用率降低70%，”农学家夸梅・奥卡福说)”可知，这些研究的进行，使人们对植物以及昆虫世界有了更深入的了解，结合划线单词所在的句子“As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science.(随着研究的加速推进，我们edge接近这样一个世界——森林“开口说话”，田野“发出预警”，花园“提供指引”——这场在我们脚下悄然进行了千百年的无声对话，如今正被科学所解读)”可知，随着研究推进，科学在解读我们脚下悄然进行的无声对话。由此可知，我们应该是离那样的世界越来越近，因此“edge”意为“逐渐接近”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, notifying farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance. “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.”(近期的研究进展旨在将植物交流应用于商业领域。初创公司PhytoTech研发出一种传感器，能够解读植物释放的化学求救信号，并通过应用程序通知农民浇水或施肥。在加利福尼亚葡萄园进行的试验显示，这种技术使作物损失减少了25%。然而，批评者警告人们不要过度依赖此类技术。生态学家雷切尔·林博士表示：“自然界的语言十分复杂，将其简化为应用程序可能会忽略更深层次的联系。”)”可知，该段主要讲述在将植物交流商业化的同时，也要考虑生态层面，需平衡商业与生态。故选D项。 Passage 4 (24-25高一下·四川宜宾翠屏区宜宾第一中学校·期末) On the side of a busy road leading into Dundee, on the east coast of Scotland, the blades (叶片) of a small wind turbine (涡轮机) move in the wind of passing cars and trucks. It is charging a battery that is below the ground. This is an invention by Sanwal Muneer, a young engineer from Pakistan. Muneer was inspired to create the turbine as he stood on the side of a racetrack several years ago. “At first, the light wind from the cars was just a welcome relief from the heat,” he says. “Then I started to think about how we could use that energy.” The turbine stands two-and-a-half metres tall. Made of recyclable carbon fibre, it weighs just nine kilogrammes, making it easy to transport and set up. The fully-charged battery can hold a kilowatt of electricity, enough to run two lamps and a fan for around 40 hours. The idea is that this could be a source of electricity for rural communities in developing countries, or could power traffic lights or road signs in urban areas. Dundee City Council is the first local authority to allow Muneer’s company, Capture Mobility, to test the turbine beside its roads. “We want to help engineers create something inventive which is also beneficial to the city.” says Neil Gellatly, head of roads and transportation for Dundee City Council. Capture Mobility moved to Scotland from Pakistan in 2015. The Scottish government is investing (投资) in cleaner-energy technologies. Wind is also strong and plentiful all year round here. This made it a good location for Muneer’s company. Production costs remain the company’s biggest challenge. The turbines must be affordable in developing countries, but achieving this will depend on commercial (商业的) scale (规模). Capture Mobility is now analysing data from the turbine. Later this year, the company plans to send the next stage of the design to the producers. “I am passionate about engineering,” Muneer says. “But engineering is only a success if it improves lives.” 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By sharing opinions about turbines. B．By offering the definition of turbines. C．By introducing the inventor’s experience. D．By describing the scene of a turbine at work. 2．What can we learn about Muneer’s turbine? A．It is fixed to the ground. B．It turns traffic into energy. C．It has been used to power traffic lights. D．It is inspired by a rechargeable fan. 3．Why did Capture Mobility move to Scotland? A．To make full use of its wind with the Scottish government’s permission. B．To work with its inventive engineers. C．To help solve its energy shortage. D．To answer its government’s invitation. 4．What might Capture Mobility do in the future? A．Make the turbine out of recyclable materials. B．Invest in cleaner-energy technologies. C．Test the turbine in Dundee. D．Mass-produce the turbine. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的发明，可以利用道路上汽车等交通工具驶过时带来的风能，将其通过风力涡轮机转变成电能，从而成为社区的电力来源。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“On the side of a busy road leading into Dundee, on the east coast of Scotland, the blades(叶片)of a small wind turbine(涡轮机)move in the wind of passing cars and trucks. It is charging a battery that is below the ground.(在通往苏格兰东海岸邓迪的一条繁忙道路的一侧，一台小型风力涡轮机的叶片在驶过的汽车和卡车的风中移动。它正在为地下的电池充电。)”可推断，作者通过描述了一个涡轮机在工作的场景从而引出主题。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Muneer was inspired to create the turbine as he stood on the side of a racetrack several years ago. “At first, the light wind from the cars was just a welcome relief from the heat,” he says. “Then I started to think about how we could use that energy.”(几年前，当Muneer站在赛道边上时，他受到了创造涡轮机的启发。“一开始，汽车吹来的轻风只是为了缓解炎热。”他说，“然后我开始思考如何利用这些能量。”)”可知，他所设计的涡轮机是将交通工具产生的风能变成电能。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Capture Mobility moved to Scotland from Pakistan in 2015. The Scottish government is investing(投资)in cleaner-energy technologies. Wind is also strong and plentiful all year round here. This made it a good location for Muneer’s company.(2015年，Capture Mobility从巴基斯坦迁至苏格兰。苏格兰政府正在投资清洁能源技术。这里一年四季的风也很大。这使它成为Muneer公司的一个好地点。)”可推断，搬到苏格兰的原因是在苏格兰政府的支持下充分利用风能。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Dundee City Council is the first local authority to allow Muneer’s company, Capture Mobility, to test the turbine beside its roads.(Dundee市议会是第一个允许Muneer的公司Capture Mobility在路边测试涡轮机的地方当局。)”以及最后一段“Capture Mobility is now analysing data from the turbine.(Capture Mobility现在正在分析来自涡轮机的数据。)”可推断，接下来该公司将在Dundee测试涡轮机。故选C。 Passage 5 (24-25高一下·四川宜宾翠屏区宜宾第一中学校·期末) Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour. Aireraft cross the world a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster each new computer boasts (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left bebind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have dange according to some seientists; too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about. However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world. There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. 1．The new products become more and more time-saving because_________. A．our love on speed seems never-ending B．time is limited C．the prices are increasingly high D．the manufacturers boast a lot 2．What does“the days”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Imaginary life. B．Simple life in the past. C．Times of inventions. D．Time for constant activity. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Negative. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The present and past times. B．Machinery and human beings. C．Imaginations and inventions. D．Modern technology and its influence. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述现代科技发明极大的提高了人们的生活，但同时也带来了一些影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. (事实上，这种对速度的热爱似乎永无止境。)”可知，因为我们一直追求速度，对速度的热爱永不停息，所以新产品越来越省时，故选A。 2．短语猜测题。根据第三段 “when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imaginations take us into another world. (当时我们可能静静地听收音机里的故事，让想象力把我们带入另一个世界。)”及第四段“There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. (曾经有一段时间，有些人的生命只是致力于耕种土地或照顾牛。那里没有多任务处理；他们的生活以更温和的速度继续，并以熟悉的模式进行。对于这样的生活方式，我们可能会羡慕很多东西。)”可知，the days是指过去那种慢节奏的、生活简单的日子。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. (但是，我们该如何利用节省的时间呢？当然不会放松，至少看起来是这样。我们习惯于不断的活动，以至于我们发现很难坐下来什么都不做，甚至一次只做一件事。)”及最后一段“There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faeed; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. (曾经有一段时间，有些人的生命只是致力于耕种土地或照顾牛。那里没有多任务处理；他们的生活以更温和的速度继续，并以熟悉的模式进行。对于这样的生活方式，我们可能会羡慕很多东西。然而，在我们这样做之前，我们必须考虑我们的祖先所承担的艰巨任务。他们赤手空拳地耕种，经常生活在饥饿的边缘，不得不用木头和石头制作工具。现代机械将人们从原始的生活方式中解放出来。)”可知，一方面作者对于现代发明给人们带来的便利予以肯定，另一方面又承认了它的负面影响，所以作者的观点是中立的、客观的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Modern inventions have speeded up people’s lives amazingly. (现代发明惊人地加快了人们的生活。)”及“However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time. (但是，我们该如何利用节省的时间呢？当然不会放松，至少看起来是这样。我们习惯于不断的活动，以至于我们发现很难坐下来什么都不做，甚至一次只做一件事。)”可知，本文主要讲述了现代发明提高了人们的生活，同时讲述了它所带来的负面影响。故文章主要讨论现代技术及其影响，故选D。 6大常考话题二: 自然环境（5篇） Passage 1 (24-25高一下·四川泸州三校联盟·期末) According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. It is reported that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000 vehicle-animal accidents each year. In the country’s under-populated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have rocketed to “pandemic (大规模流行的) percentage”. It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy. Meat, skins and leather from kangaroos have been sold to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma and Adidas buy strong, soft “k-leather” to make athletic products. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores. Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food from animals adapted to Australia’s environment is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.” Opponents of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable and unnecessary. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” Can Australians’ disagreement on kangaroos be solved? George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access. “If you want to protect something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered dangerous don’t have value.” If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. 1．What do we know from the article? A．Kangaroos are to blame for most accidents. B．Global brands make small profits on kangaroos. C．Kangaroos are relatively friendly to the environment. D．Over-populated kangaroos are doing great harm to the country’s economy. 2．Why does Dwayne Bannon disagree to kill kangaroos? A．Because it is laughable. B．Because it is destroying the country. C．Because they have existed on Earth longer than man. D．Because they live in harmony with people. 3．Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization (私有化)? A．The popularity of kangaroo hunting. B．The reduction in the number of kangaroos. C．The establishment of more conservation areas. D．The better management of the kangaroo industry. 4．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To argue against the killing of kangaroos. B．To provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos. C．To present different opinions on the kangaroo industry. D．To stress the importance of protecting kangaroos. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要就袋鼠在澳大利亚的影响展开讨论，介绍了其经济与生态效益，以及对于袋鼠管理的不同观点。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat is more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-releasing sheep and cattle. (支持者指出，低脂、高蛋白袋鼠肉比释放温室气体的绵羊和牛更环保)”可知，袋鼠是比绵羊和牛更环保的动物，即相对而言袋鼠对环境更友好。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking in this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.” (新南威尔士州尤因人Dwayne Bannon Harrison表示，袋鼠正在摧毁这个国家的想法是可笑的。他说：“它们在这片土地上行走的时间比人们长得多。”。“在这里存在了数千年的物种怎么会“摧毁”这个国家？我不明白其中的逻辑。”)”可知，Dwayne Bannon认为在这片土地上，袋鼠比人类存在的时间更长，即袋鼠本来就生活在这里，所以Dwayne Bannon不同意杀死袋鼠。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation. (如果袋鼠比牛或羊更有价值，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作进行品牌、营销和质量控制。政府的作用将是监督和监管)”可知，私有化之后，土地所有者可以与袋鼠产业在各方面进行合作，同时得到政府的监督和监管，即私有化会使得袋鼠产业得到更好的管理。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them dangerous. (根据政府官方数据，袋鼠的数量是澳大利亚人的两倍多，许多澳大利亚人认为它们很危险)”。第二段“It is believed that killing kangaroos is critical to boosting the economy.(人们认为，杀死袋鼠对促进经济发展至关重要)”以及最后一段“George Wilson, a professor from Australian National University, says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers (放牧人) would protect the animals, treating them as possessions (财产). They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunters a fee for access.(澳大利亚国立大学教授乔治·威尔逊说，如果袋鼠是私人所有的，那么牧场主就会保护这些动物，把它们当作财产)”可知，文章开头提出问题，袋鼠使得人们面临危机，后文提出不同的解决方法，所以文章的写作目的是为袋鼠造成的问题提供解决方案。故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨第四中学校·期末) Edward Davis was a professor who worked on ocean research. However, bored with writing death records of ocean species, he quit his job in 2007. Rather than spend any more of his life recording the dying, Edward decided to try to protect the living creatures in the few re-maining areas of the ocean. These areas are the last wild places of the sea still undamaged by overfishing, pollution and climate change. “It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” Edward says. “These places are the examples of sustainable(可持续的) development. Maybe we can’t bring all of the ocean back to this state, but these places show us what the potential is.” Beneath the surface of a stormy sea off Palau in the western Pacific lie various lively corals. The tiny island nation has protected 80 percent of its waters as a no-fishing area—the largest percentage of protected ocean area in the world. The remaining 20 percent can be fished only by Palauans. To protect these places, Edward and his team started a project on ocean protection in 2008. Over the past years, the project has helped create 22 ocean reserves. These make up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected ocean areas. Now Edward and his team have set an even bigger goal—to protect more than a third of the world’s oceans for the purpose of keeping biological diversity. For Edward, one of the most satisfying aspects of his job is working with local communi-ties in the places he and his team are seeking to protect. The team worked closely with about 50 local people on the island. “We showed them an underwater world they had never seen,” Edward recalls. “Huge schools of fish will surely swim in some of the clearest waters ever measured in the Pacific.” 1．Why did Edward quit his previous job? A．To record the dying. B．To increase land species. C．To write a book on the sea. D．To protect the sea creatures. 2．What can we learn about Palau from paragraph 2? A．20 percent of it is covered by the sea. B．It is an area open to fishermen worldwide. C．It is an example of sustainable development. D．The surface of it is destroyed by water pollution. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Edward’s project. B．Edward’s team members. C．The ways of keeping biodiversity. D．The ways of creating ocean reserves. 4．How does Edward feel about the future of ocean protection? A．Confused. B．Stressed. C．Curious. D．Positive. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱德华决定努力保护海洋中仅存的几个区域中的生物，而不是花费更多的时间来记录死亡。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rather than spend any more of his life recording the dying, Edward decided to try to protect the living creatures in the few remaining areas of the ocean. (爱德华决定努力保护海洋中仅存的几个地区的生物，而不是花费更多的时间来记录死亡)”可知，爱德华辞去以前的工作，是因为他要保护海洋生物。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““These places are the examples of sustainable (可持续的) development. Maybe we can’t bring all of the ocean back to this state, but these places show us what the potential is.” Beneath the surface of a stormy sea off Palau in the western Pacific lie various lively corals. The tiny island nation has protected 80 percent of its waters as a no-fishing area — the largest percentage of protected ocean area in the world. The remaining 20 percent can be fished only by Palauans. (“这些地方是可持续发展的典范。也许我们不能把所有的海洋都恢复到这种状态，但这些地方向我们展示了潜力。”在西太平洋帕劳附近暴风雨般的海面下，躺着各种活泼的珊瑚。这个小岛屿国家已将其80%的水域作为禁渔区加以保护，这是世界上受保护海域比例最大的一个国家。剩下的20%只能由帕劳人捕捞)”可知，帕劳是可持续发展的一个例子。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“To protect these places, Edward and his team started a project on ocean protection in 2008. Over the past years, the project has helped create 22 ocean reserves. These make up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected ocean areas. Now Edward and his team have set an even bigger goal — to protect more than a third of the world’s oceans for the purpose of keeping biological diversity. (为了保护这些地方，爱德华和他的团队于2008年启动了一个海洋保护项目。在过去的几年里，该项目已经帮助创建了22个海洋保护区。这些海域占世界上完全受保护海域的三分之二。现在，爱德华和他的团队制定了一个更大的目标，即保护世界三分之一以上的海洋，以保持生物多样性)”可知，第三段主要讲爱德华的项目。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For Edward, one of the most satisfying aspects of his job is working with local communities in the places he and his team are seeking to protect. (对爱德华来说，他工作中最令人满意的方面之一是与他和他的团队寻求保护的地方的当地社区合作)”和““We showed them an underwater world they had never seen,” Edward recalls. “Huge schools of fish will surely swim in some of the clearest waters ever measured in the Pacific.”(爱德华回忆道：“我们向他们展示了一个他们从未见过的海底世界。”“巨大的鱼群肯定会在太平洋有史以来最清澈的水域中游动。”)”可知，爱德华很满意他的海洋保护工作，认为巨大的鱼群肯定会在太平洋有史以来最清澈的水域中游动，可得出他对海洋保护的未来持乐观态度。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨第四中学校·期末) A group of clams (河蚌) recently caught people’s attention after an article was posted by China Science Communication online. Although these clams are usually regarded as nothing more than delicious food, they work to monitor the local water quality in Poland. Gruba Kaska pumping station, which stands in the River Wisla, helps provide millions of liters of water to Warsaw, the Capital of Poland. However, one particular concern for the water quality has been heavy metals, and researchers sought help from nature to solve this problem. Clams are sensitive (敏感的) to pollutants in their environment as they filter (过滤) water to feed on microorganisms (微生物). They shut their shells immediately after detecting “dangerous” water. Based on this, the researchers selected eight clams at a time and recorded the natural opening of their shells. After the clam “employees” become used to the local water, they are placed in a specially designed container. With sensors stuck onto their shells, the clams are connected to system that records how wide the shells are open. If four or more clams close their shells at the same time, an alarm will be triggered (触发) and the water supply will be shut down. The result is reliable because the creatures are considering many different factors at the same time, according to ZME Science. Animals have long been helpers for human activities. Farmers in north Queensland, Australia, have been ordering different species of dung beetles (屎壳郎) to help clean up cattle dung, according to ABC News. As the number of cattle grows, their waste increases, leading to an enormous population of flies and a worsening environment. Dung Beetles, however, take the waste and bury it. This way, they help improve soil quality. Similarly, cockroaches (蟑螂) are used to deal with kitchen waste at several firms in China, according to a report of The Beijing News in 2018. About 300 million cockroaches are fed 15 tons of food waste on a daily basis, and they themselves are a good protein resource for livestock (牲畜). 1．Why did researchers look for help from clams to monitor water quality? A．They are good at sensing pollutants. B．They can help clear heavy metals. C．They are inexpensive and easy to find. D．They live on microorganisms. 2．What will happen when four or more clams close their shells at the same time? A．The clams will be removed from their container. B．The system recording the clams will break down. C．The sensors on their shells will be changed. D．The water supply will be turned off. 3．How do dung beetles help improve soil quality in north Queensland, Australia? A．By digesting harmful waste. B．By burying cattle dung in the soil. C．By producing fertilizer (肥料) themselves. D．By controlling the loss of soil nutrients. 4．What can we infer from the text? A．Cockroaches are harmful to the environment. B．Dung beetles can solve all environmental problems. C．Clams are the only animals that can detect water quality. D．Animals can play a role in solving some human problems. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章通过介绍河蚌在波兰被用于监测水质、澳大利亚的屎壳郎清理牛粪以及中国的蟑螂处理厨余垃圾等事例，向读者科普了动物在人类活动中可以发挥的特殊作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Although these clams are usually regarded as nothing more than delicious food, they work to monitor the local water quality in Poland.(虽然这些河蚌通常被认为只是美味的食物，但它们在波兰监测当地的水质。)”以及第三段中的“Clams are sensitive (敏感的) to pollutants in their environment as they filter (过滤) water to feed on microorganisms (微生物). They shut their shells immediately after detecting “dangerous” water.(河蚌对环境中的污染物很敏感，因为它们过滤水以微生物为食。它们在探测到‘危险’水后立即关闭壳。)”可知，河蚌对污染物很敏感，探测到危险后会马上关闭壳；由此可推断，研究人员寻求河蚌帮助来监测水质是因为它们善于感知污染物。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“If four or more clams close their shells at the same time, an alarm will be triggered (触发) and the water supply will be shut down.(如果四个或更多的河蚌同时合上壳，将触发警报，并关闭供水。)”可知，当四个或更多的河蚌同时闭上壳，就会停止供水。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“As the number of cattle grows, their waste increases, leading to an enormous population of flies and a worsening environment. Dung Beetles, however, take the waste and bury it. This way, they help improve soil quality.(随着牛的数量增加，它们的排泄物也会增加，导致大量苍蝇和不断恶化的环境。然而，屎壳郎会把废物带走并埋葬。这样，它们有助于改善土壤质量。)”可知，屎壳郎会把废物带走并埋葬，有助于改善土壤质量；由此可知，屎壳郎是通过把牛粪埋在土里来改善土壤质量的。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Although these clams are usually regarded as nothing more than delicious food, they work to monitor the local water quality in Poland.(虽然这些蛤蜊通常被认为只是美味的食物，但它们在波兰监测当地的水质。)”以及倒数第二段中的“Animals have long been helpers for human activities. Farmers in north Queensland, Australia, have been ordering different species of dung beetles (屎壳郎) to help clean up cattle dung, according to ABC News.(据美国广播公司新闻报道，澳大利亚昆士兰州北部的农民一直在订购不同种类的屎壳郎来帮助清理牛粪。)”和尾段中的“Similarly, cockroaches (蟑螂) are used to deal with kitchen waste at several firms in China, according to a report of The Beijing News in 2018.(同样，据《新京报》2018年的一篇报道，在中国的几家公司里，蟑螂（蟑螂）被用来处理厨房垃圾。)”可知，文章中提到在波兰河蚌被用于监测水质、澳大利亚的屎壳郎清理牛粪以及中国的蟑螂处理厨余垃圾；由此可推断，动物可以在解决人类的一些问题上发挥作用。故选D项。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·江苏天一中学·期末) A roomful of hundreds of blooming orchids (盛开的兰花) is always a breathtaking sight. But Smithsonian Gardens has gone even further with its 28th annual orchid show held in the Kogod Courtyard. For the first time, Smithsonian Gardens used art to enrich the showy natural display, selecting the work of Baltimore-based artist Phaan Howng. Howng hopes her art inspires audiences to take action to support the protection of orchid species. Accompanying around 350 live orchids, Howng’s original artwork features brightly colored flowerpots, hand-painted tree wraps, and three-dimensional sculptures (雕塑作品) of a select group of orchids. To construct the sculptures, she used 3D prints of plants in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection and then mounted them onto a steel base. They were then revised and finished with various artificial (人造的) materials. The orchid plants can spend only a short time outside their ideal growing conditions: 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 65 to 80 percent humidity (湿度). Those conditions are maintained year-round at the Smithsonian’s 16,000-square-foot greenhouse. Justin Kondrat, lead horticulturist (园艺家) for the Smithsonian Gardens Orchard Collection, says the 28,000-square-foot Kogod Courtyard is an acceptable environment for the short term. Smithsonian Gardens employees regularly maintain humidity and provide nutrients during the exhibition. The annual show educates visitors about orchids’ precarious situation in some areas of the world. The number of orchids has significantly declined due to illegal harvesting in some regions, and many species are now threatened by changes in climate and habitat. Orchards are found around the globe everywhere except in Antarctica, says Kondrat. The largest diversity is in the tropics (热带地区), though they are under the most threat there due to disappearing habitats. Horticulturists periodically enhance the collection. Smithsonian Gardens aims to use appropriate collection techniques and safeguard the orchids for future generations and for scientific research and use, Kondrat says. Every orchid “is a living collection item,” Kondrat notes, adding that it is given “the same level of care and attention to detail as any of the photos hanging in the National Portrait Gallery.” 1．What can be learned about Smithsonian Gardens’ 28th orchid show? A．It focuses on orchids’ symbolic significance. B．It has long been known for its artistic element. C．It promotes technology use in art. D．It displays both real and artificial flowers. 2．Which aspect of orchids does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．Their biological effects. B．Their environmental sensitivity. C．Their soil conditions. D．Their healthy growth. 3．What is the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 4 closest in meaning to? A．Unlikely. B．Ideal. C．Dangerous. D．Different 4．What does Justin Kondrat want to show by mentioning the National Portrait Gallery? A．High-standard care for displayed orchids. B．Its cooperation with Smithsonian Gardens. C．Its contribution to the orchid exhibition. D．Effective techniques for collecting orchids. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了史密森尼花园第28届兰花展首融艺术，展350株活兰与艺术家作品，介绍兰花对环境敏感特性，警示其生存危机并强调高水准养护。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Accompanying around 350 live orchids, Howng’s original artwork features brightly colored flowerpots, hand-painted tree wraps, and three-dimensional sculptures (雕塑作品) of a select group of orchids. To construct the sculptures, she used 3D prints of plants in the Smithsonian Gardens Orchid Collection and then mounted them onto a steel base. They were then revised and finished with various artificial (人造的) materials.(霍恩的原作作品中包含了约350株活兰花，其画面中有着色彩鲜艳的花盆、手工绘制的树皮装饰以及精选兰花的三维雕塑作品。为了制作这些雕塑，她先使用了史密森尼花园兰花收藏中的植物的3D打印模型，然后将其固定在钢质底座上。之后，她还对这些雕塑进行了修改，并使用了各种人造材料进行完善)”可知，史密森尼花园的第28届兰花展既展示了真正的花朵，也展示了人造花朵。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The orchid plants can spend only a short time outside their ideal growing conditions: 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 65 to 80 percent humidity (湿度). Those conditions are maintained year-round at the Smithsonian’s 16,000-square-foot greenhouse. Justin Kondrat, lead horticulturist (园艺家) for the Smithsonian Gardens Orchard Collection, says the 28,000-square-foot Kogod Courtyard is an acceptable environment for the short term. Smithsonian Gardens employees regularly maintain humidity and provide nutrients during the exhibition.(兰花植物离开理想的生长环境只能短暂存活：温度需保持在60至80华氏度，湿度需维持在65%至80%之间。而这些条件全年都在史密森尼博物馆占地16000平方英尺的温室中得以维持。史密森尼花园果园收藏项目的首席园艺家贾斯汀·康德拉特表示，占地28000平方英尺的科戈德庭院是这些兰花植物短期生长的适宜环境。史密森尼花园的员工会定期调节湿度，并在展览期间提供养分)”可知，第三段主要侧重于描述兰花的对环境的敏感性。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The number of orchids has significantly declined due to illegal harvesting in some regions, and many species are now threatened by changes in climate and habitat.(由于某些地区的非法采挖，兰花的数量已大幅减少，而且许多物种如今正受到气候和栖息地变化的威胁)”可知，后文明确解释兰花面临数量锐减以及气候与栖息地变化的威胁，说明其生存状态是危险的。故划线词意思是“危险的”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every orchid “is a living collection item,” Kondrat notes, adding that it is given “the same level of care and attention to detail as any of the photos hanging in the National Portrait Gallery.”(康德拉特指出：“每株兰花都堪称一件鲜活的展品。”他还表示，这些兰花所受到的照料程度与国家肖像馆里展出的任何一幅画像一样，都极为细致入微)”可知，贾斯汀·康德拉特提及国家肖像画廊意在表明对展出兰花的精心照料。故选A。 Passage 5 (24-25高一下·湖南长沙宁乡·期末) California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素). The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源). But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪). Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B．The increasing variety of California big trees. C．The distribution of big trees in California forests. D．The influence of farming on big trees in California. 2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A．Ecological studies of forests. B．Banning woodcutting. C．Limiting housing development. D．Fire control measures. 3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre? A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season. C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone? B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests? D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。 【详解】37．主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。 6大常考话题三: 做人与做事（5篇） Passage 1 (24-25高一·四川宜宾翠屏区四川宜宾第一中学校·期末) Amanda Kofoeds had found a strange lump in her arm one day and visited a doctor at a friend's urging. During this time, she was enrolled in school for education and was currently uninsured due to the expense. She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer. Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense. They took matters into their own hands and started a GoFundMe campaign. The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动).The event started an outpouring of enormous generosity from the local community. Amanda and her husband Clint teared up as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The generous act of kindness gave the family a comforting, and optimistic feeling during a time when all hope seemed lost. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea of asking for help. She felt guilty and undeserving compared to others who are also struggling. In the time since, Amanda has enrolled in an insurance plan and has finished chemotherapy. Life for the family has started getting back to their normal routine. Once Amanda got her strength back, she returned to school and completed her bachelor's degree in education. She is now a teacher. She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them. The couple said they feel blessed by the strong support. PassItOn wants to celebrate those heroes during the family's darkest time. These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole. 1．Why did Amanda Kofoeds postpone her treatment? A．She was admitted to a school. B．Her family couldn't afford the medical cost. C．No good doctors could treat her cancer. D．Her friends and family refused to assist her. 2．What did her friends do to help Amanda Kofoeds? A．They started a donation flash mob. B．They founded a community school. C．They supported her through local hospitals. D．They fought for assistance from the whole country. 3．Which word best describes the couple's feeling when strongly supported? A．Guilty. B．Satisfied. C．Anxious. D．Grateful. 4．What can we learn from Amanda Kofoeds' story? A．Hard work pays off. B．The value of charity is great. C．Education is the key to success. D．A friend is never known till a man has need. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Amanda 患癌后经济拮据，推迟学业，推迟治疗，她的朋友们知道后为她组织了快速众筹行动，亲人朋友们很快筹到钱治病。现在他们一家感恩，做志愿者回报社会。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer.(她计划省钱，这样她就可以买丈夫的保险，然后就可以为癌症看病了)”及第二段“Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense.(她的朋友和家人不希望她因为费用问题而推迟治疗)”可知，Amanda经济拮据，负担不起治疗费用。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动). (有朋友想出了一个创意，想要传播这个消息，邀请想帮忙的家人、朋友和陌生人参加一个捐赠快闪会)”可知，朋友们为她举行了一下慈善捐款快闪行动。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.(她说这次经历促使她灌输慈善的价值给孩子们。现在全家被鼓舞当志愿者在当地社区,为众筹努力。他们很感激有机会回报别人，帮助别人，就像很多人曾经帮助过他们一样)”可知，Amanda夫妇很感恩。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole.(这些人完美地展示了社区的价值。正是由于他们的慷慨相助，这个家庭现在才幸福、健康、完整)”并结合全文可知，全文主旨，慈善的价值是巨大的。故选B项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一下·广东清远·期末) Over ten years ago, I walked into a small, cold classroom on the first floor of Towson High School. It was my junior year, and I’d feared this moment for months: It was finally time to take physics. But everything changed when I met Mr. Jochmans, or “Joch”, as we called him. He greeted us with a loud “Hello, my wonderful physics students!” and a big smile. He must have known how anxious we were, how truly nervous we were of physics and the math required to understand it. On that first day, Joch told us something we’d hold close for the rest of our lives — that our grades didn’t reflect our worth as human beings. This was a big deal at a tough school like Towson. He showed us that learning could be fun. Over the next year, Mr. Jochmans introduced us to the magic of physics — and school. He kept some snacks for students who hadn’t eaten breakfast; he played music during lab time. There were no stupid questions in Joch’s class, and if you didn’t understand a concept (概念), he’d stay after school with you for hours until you did. I ate lunch in Joch’s classroom nearly every day, from the beginning of junior year until I graduated in 2016. For two years we talked daily about everything — theatre, music, and sometimes physics. He told me about Michigan State University, where he went to college. For a while, I thought I’d study physics in college, maybe at Michigan State, because Joch made me love learning about speed and acceleration (加速度). But when I found a program in Canada to study theatre, Joch encouraged me to attend. When I applied to the University of Ottawa and got in, he was ecstatic. After I moved to Canada, we lost touch. I became a theatre critic, a job Joch had once suggested. In 2022, I visited Towson to lead a theatre criticism workshop, and, joy of joys, ran into Joch. Not only did he remember my name but he knew what I’d been up to. Mr. Jochmans passed away this month, just a week before the start of the new school year. He was the kind of teacher who made everyone feel special. 1．What do we know about Mr. Jochmans from paragraph 2? A．He made lab time more challenging. B．He helped students get high grades in physics. C．He advised students to compete with each other. D．He believed a person’s value was more than just grades. 2．What does the underlined word “ecstatic” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Pretty angry. B．Really confused. C．Extremely happy. D．Slightly disappointed. 3．What can we infer about the author’s career choice? A．The author worked as a leader of a theatre workshop. B．The author became a theatre critic on Mr. Jochmans’ advice. C．Mr. Jochmans had no influence on the author’s career decision. D．Mr. Jochmans supported the author’s choice of physics research. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To honour a teacher who influenced her life. B．To describe her experiences of learning physics. C．To explain how she developed interests in theatre. D．To advocate for kindness through her personal story. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章回忆了物理老师Jochmans对自己的影响，他关爱学生、鼓励成长，作者后来重逢并缅怀这位老师。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“On that first day, Joch told us something we’d hold close for the rest of our lives — that our grades didn’t reflect our worth as human beings.(在那第一天，乔赫告诉我们了一件会让我们铭记一生的事情——我们的成绩并不能完全反映我们作为人类的价值)”可知，约克曼先生认为一个人的价值不仅仅取决于成绩。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When I applied to the University of Ottawa and got in, he was(当我向渥太华大学提交申请并被录取后，他……)”可知，Mr. Jochmans支持作者选择戏剧，推测他得知作者被录取后他一定非常开心。故划线词意思是“非常开心”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I became a theatre critic, a job Joch had once suggested.(我成了一名戏剧评论家，这个工作是约克曼先生曾经提议过的)”可知，作者是根据乔克曼先生的建议成为了一名戏剧评论家的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mr. Jochmans passed away this month, just a week before the start of the new school year. He was the kind of teacher who made everyone feel special.(约赫曼斯先生本月去世了，就在新学年开始前的一周。他是那种能让每位学生都感到自己备受重视的老师)”结合文章回忆了物理老师Jochmans对自己的影响，他关爱学生、鼓励成长，作者后来重逢并缅怀这位老师。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的目的是为了纪念一位对她的人生产生深远影响的老师。故选A。 Passage 3 (24-25高一·四川宜宾翠屏区四川宜宾第一中学校·期末) The other day, my friend Sara was telling me about a relationship with her colleague that was broken beyond repair. The two of them had been close. And then one day, Sara had, with the best intentions, done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at. Things became worse. Sara didn’t know what to say or do. She didn’t know how to repair the relationship. She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her. She felt justified in her anger. The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together. The team, and their output, were suffering. It was time to do something to rectify the situation. I asked Sara what she needed. After much thought, she told me that she needed her colleague to be willing to listen to her with an open mind, to at least consider that she hadn’t meant any harm by what she’d done and to apologize for taking things so seriously and making things so bad. “Ah…” I said to her. “You want an apology.” I then asked her, “What do you think your colleague might want?” I asked. She didn’t answer. “Did you ever apologize?” I asked her. She shook her head no. “Do you think you might want to apologize?” I asked her. She shrugged her shoulders… then shook her head yes. Sometimes we take so long to apologize. We justify our unwillingness, saying it won’t really make a difference. Or they should apologize first. Or we didn’t mean any harm and they misunderstood us. But I’ve found that an apology—a true, heartfelt apology—can work wonders. It can repair the unrepairable. It can fix just about anything. 1．What happened between Sara and her colleague? A．They decided to quit the job together. B．They spoke ill of each other. C．They were badly annoyed with each other. D．They criticized each other’s poor work performance. 2．What does the underlined word “rectify” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Investigate. B．Correct. C．Maintain. D．Review. 3．What did the author advise Sara to do? A．Accept her colleague’s apology. B．Wait for her colleague to apologize. C．Apologize to her colleague first. D．Justify herself to her colleague. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To stress the importance of an apology. B．To explain how to apologize effectively. C．To show how to respond to others’ apology. D．To offer advice on getting along with colleagues. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。Sara和她的同事因为误解，互相生气，影响了工作，作者提出一些建议来帮助Sara。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Sara had, with the best intentions, done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at.（Sara出于好意，做了一件同事完全误解和冒犯的事。）”可知，Sara做了一件让同事生气的事情。由第二段第四五句“She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her. She felt justified in her anger. The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together. （ 她开始对同事误会她、评判她而生气。她觉得自己的愤怒是正当的。他们两人仍然没有真正交谈，当然也没有在一起工作。）”可知，Sara开始生同事的气，两人既不说话也不合作，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“The team, and their output, were suffering.（ 团队和他们的产出都受到了影响。）”可知，团队和她们的工作产出都因为Sara和同事互相生气而变差。由第三段第二句“I asked Sara what she needed.（ 我问莎拉她需要什么。）”可知，作者主动开解Sara。因此，作者认为是时候“纠正、整顿”这种局面了，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段引号中的问话，作者问“Sara，Did you ever apologize?（ “你道歉过吗？”）”及“Do you think you might want to apologize?（“你认为你想道歉吗？”）”可知，作者希望Sara主动向同事道歉，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“But I’ve found that an apology a true, heartfelt apology can work wonders. It can repair the unrepairable. It can fix just about anything.（ 但是我发现一个道歉，一个真正的、发自内心的道歉能够创造奇迹。它可以修复无法修复的问题。它几乎可以解决任何问题。）”可知，作者认为道歉能创造奇迹，修复关系，可以解决任何问题。因此，可以推断出作者写这篇文章的目的是“强调道歉的重要性”，故选A。 【点睛】细节理解题，需要通读全文或者部分段落，了解文中的重要事实或细节，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文---段落----词语的步骤来解题。 词意猜测题，考生应该紧扣原文，根据上下文的语境进行合理判断，既不要望文生义，也不要断章取义，更不能只选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。 写作意图题，在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(ending)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。 Passage 4 (24-25高一·吉林延吉第三高级中学·期末) As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me; but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?” This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 1．As a six-year-old, what made Ryan surprised? A．The distance of the drinking fountain from him. B．What his teacher said about people in developing African countries. C．The steps to the drinking fountain. D．His easy life compared with children in developing African counties. 2．How did Ryan first plan to earn money for building a well? A．By asking classmates and neighbours for help. B．By setting up a foundation to raise money. C．By cleaning windows and doing gardening for family and neighbours. D．By telling his story publicly. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Ryan’s new plan in Canada. B．Ryan’s experience of visiting Africa. C．How people in Africa use the wells. D．The development of Ryan’s foundation and its influence. 4．Which of the following can best describe Ryan’s personalities? A．Kind and determined. B．Brave and humorous. C．Generous but shy. D．Selfish but creative. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述六岁的Ryan得知非洲缺水后筹款建井并成立基金会，帮助非洲多国民众获得洁净水源，传递爱心与坚持的事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.(作为一名六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安难以相信老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人们无法获得足够的干净水源。)”可知，老师关于非洲发展中国家人民的话让Ryan感到惊讶。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours.(起初，他的计划是赚钱在非洲某处建一口井。他为家人和邻居擦窗户，做园艺。)”可知，Ryan最初通过为家人邻居擦窗户、做园艺来赚钱。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.(后来，Ryan的经历促使他创立了一个基金会，鼓励更多人伸出援手。许多备受鼓舞的人给予了他支持。他的基金会不断吸引越来越多人的帮助，使得修建更多水井的工作得以继续。如今，非洲16个国家已有超80万人因洁净安全的饮用水这一改变人生的馈赠而受益。)”可知，本段主要讲述瑞安基金会的发展及其影响。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.(两千美元是一大笔钱，但Ryan没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝上干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。)”以及他主动为非洲儿童筹款打井的行为可知，Ryan善良且有决心。故选A项。 Passage 5 (24-25高一·北京朝阳区·期末) The first time Terry attended a meeting of the Tahquamenon Sportsmen’s Club, they made him vice president — and he wasn’t even a member. By his second visit, the few members left in the dying organization had put him in charge of the whole thing. The club began in the 1920s. Back then, hunting and fishing were pastimes in rural areas. The culture, however, is different now. When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs. Only a couple dozen members remained, and most were older than its new 68-year-old president. They were no longer doing the things they’d been known for. Worst of all, their famous fishing tackle party had been canceled twice, once just because they simply didn’t have enough members to pull it off. He wanted to push hard to keep the organization going, because it is one of the things that make up the heart and soul of Newberry. He had to look for new members. He needed to broaden the club’s offerings to attract younger people. More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again. Little by little, Terry’s efforts worked. People began asking about memberships. Some sent contributions. Others offered their time. A local company donated new siding for the clubhouse. Someone else said they would put a new roof on it. Someone came and mowed the lawn (草坪) when it got long in the summer. Others cleared the snow in the winter. All over town, people and businesses promised to help the club survive and succeed. On the day of the annual Kids Tackle Party, hundreds of kids and their families appeared. Terry started the event with a speech. A local fishing expert gave tips on how to catch fish. Then, one at a time, each of the 245 kids was called by name, and every one of them got a fishing pole and a tackle box. It took more than three hours to get through everyone who showed up. It was a big event, one that came close to dying, but was finally back. Terry fought to keep the club and party for kids, a longtime tradition in the Newberry community, going. Traditions are dying these days, but he was able to get people to hold onto this one. 1．When Terry took over the club,________. A．he was the youngest member B．the club was struggling to survive C．hunting was a popular pastime D．the culture of the club remained 2．To keep the organization going, what did Terry put at the top of his to-do list? A．Ensuring the return of the tackle party for kids. B．Broadening people’s minds in Newberry. C．Searching for help from his neighborhood. D．Offering appealing activities to attract new members. 3．What did the townspeople do to help the club? A．They fixed the clubhouse roof. B．They grew grass. C．They donated fishing poles. D．They removed the snow. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Interest does not lie. B．A hero shows up during challenging times. C．The discovery of tradition matters. D．Sometimes hard work doesn’t pay off. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了特里接手濒临消亡的体育俱乐部后，努力挽救，带动全镇民众助力，让俱乐部重焕生机，还恢复了当地经典的儿童渔具派对传统。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs. Only a couple dozen members remained, and most were older than its new 68-year-old president.(当特里接手这个有着百年历史的俱乐部时，它已经奄奄一息了。只剩下几十个会员，而且大多数都比这位68岁的新会长年纪大)”可知，特里接手俱乐部时，这个俱乐部正艰难求生。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again.(最重要的是，他必须确保儿童渔具派对能再次举办)”可知，为了让俱乐部继续运营，特里把确保儿童渔具派对的回归列为首要任务。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Others cleared the snow in the winter.(其他人则在冬天清理积雪)”可知，镇上的民众会为俱乐部清理积雪来提供帮助。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，俱乐部濒临消亡时特里接手，他竭力想办法挽救，带动全镇民众纷纷伸出援手，最终让俱乐部重焕生机、经典传统得以恢复，特里在俱乐部的艰难时刻挺身而出并带来转机。由此推知，危难时刻方显英雄本色。故选B项。 Passage 1 Imagine a lively setting, full of laughter and curiosity. That was the scene and sounds of my classroom as I guided young minds through different adventures. At our school’s learning center, I led a program that ranged from simple art projects and sports games to hands-on science experiments. We painted colorful pictures, kicked soccer balls across the field, and watched vinegar and baking soda fizz in clear cups. Every activity turned our classroom into a place for discovery and fun. I enjoyed spending time with the kids I was helping and learning alongside. That was my favorite part about the program. One memorable class involved making bubbles (肥皂泡). The children ran after the floating bubbles, shouting with delight, and I felt like a child again, caught up in their wonder. That simple game showed me how small joys can turn a normal day into something special. The positive effect of our classes rippled throughout the school. Other students noticed how happy our classroom sounded. They began to join in, and soon the entire learning center felt warmer and more welcoming. However, as I started this journey, I found it hard to stay calm when the children became noisy. But as I spent more time with them, I learned patience, kindness, and how to show empathy (同理心). I discovered that gentle words and clear instructions could turn disorder into order. My “little friends” taught me as much as I taught them. The energy and joy that filled the room not only impacted the children but left a long-lasting mark on me. They made me realize that education goes beyond textbooks. It’s about caring for each student, fanning their curiosity, and discovering the wonders of the world, one activity at a time. 1．What is a feature of the program? A．It focuses on appreciating art. B．It leads students to love nature. C．It holds various fun activities. D．It teaches students how to cook. 2．Why does the author mention the class about making bubbles? A．To remind us how to act like a child. B．To recall the moment in her childhood. C．To highlight the joy of teaching kids. D．To explain the importance of teamwork. 3．What does the underlined word “rippled” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Shook. B．Spread. C．Differed. D．Ended. 4．What can we learn from the author’s story? A．Teaching is learning. B．Think twice before you act. C．Hard work pays off. D．A miss is as good as. a mile. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在学校学习中心带领孩子们参与各种有趣活动，在教学过程中收获快乐与成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At our school’s learning center, I led a program that ranged from simple art projects and sports games to hands - on science experiments. We painted colorful pictures, kicked soccer balls across the field, and watched vinegar and baking soda fizz in clear cups. Every activity turned our classroom into a place for discovery and fun.(在我们学校的学习中心，我带领开展了一个项目，内容从简单的艺术项目、体育游戏到亲自动手的科学实验。我们画色彩斑斓的画，在操场上踢足球，还观察醋和小苏打在透明杯子里冒泡。每一项活动都把我们的教室变成了一个充满发现和乐趣的地方)”可知，该项目的特点是举办各种有趣的活动。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One memorable class involved making bubbles (肥皂泡). The children ran after the floating bubbles, shouting with delight, and I felt like a child again, caught up in their wonder. That simple game showed me how small joys can turn a normal day into something special.(一堂令人难忘的课是制作肥皂泡。孩子们追逐着漂浮的肥皂泡，高兴地大喊大叫，我也仿佛又变成了一个孩子，沉浸在他们的惊奇之中。这个简单的游戏让我明白，小小的快乐能把平凡的一天变得特别)”可知，作者提到制作肥皂泡的课是为了突出教孩子们时的快乐。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Other students noticed how happy our classroom sounded. They began to join in, and soon the entire learning center felt warmer and more welcoming.(其他学生注意到我们教室充满了欢乐的氛围。他们开始加入进来，很快整个学习中心都感觉更温暖、更受欢迎了)”可知，“rippled”所在句表示课程的积极影响在学校传播开来，所以“rippled”意思是“传播”，与“Spread”意思相近。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“My “little friends” taught me as much as I taught them.(我的“小朋友们”教会我的和我教给他们的一样多)”以及最后一段“The energy and joy that filled the room not only impacted the children but left a long-lasting mark on me. They made me realize that education goes beyond textbooks. It’s about caring for each student, fanning their curiosity, and discovering the wonders of the world, one activity at a time.(教室里洋溢的活力与喜悦不仅影响了孩子们，也给我留下了深刻且持久的印记。这些让我意识到，教育远不止于课本知识。它关乎关爱每一位学生，激发他们的好奇心，通过一项又一项活动，去探索世界的奇妙之处)”可知，作者在教孩子们的过程中自己也收获了成长，明白了教育不仅仅是教课本知识，所以从作者的故事中我们可以学到“教学相长”。故选A项。 Passage 2 Celebrating a birthday with family, friends, cake and presents are something most people enjoy. After not celebrating a birthday with a party or cake for more than 10 years, one Burleson teacher got a huge surprise last week. Burleson High School English teacher Kyle Simpler said he came into his classroom on Feb.11, to see streamers (装饰彩纸条) , cake and presents for his 59th birthday from his English class. “I had no idea they would do something like that,” Simpler said. “It was carefully planned.” Simpler said while talking to his students one day, he made an off-hand comment about how he hasn’t had a birthday party or a cake in over 10 years. “They found out that my birthday was coming up,” Simpler said. “They made the cake and even put a picture of a cat on it because I’m always talking about how much I love cats.” As Simpler entered his classroom, some students took a video of his reaction (反应) to the party and posted it online. As the weekend went on, the video became a hit as millions of people around the world tuned in (观看). Simpler said people from England, Australia and the Netherlands were messaging him to wish him happy birthday. “Everyone has a cake for their birthday, and I thought we have to do this,” BHS senior Karlie Moran said, “We love him. This is a college-level class and he made it less stressful with his personality.” BHS Principal Wayne Leek said the school is lucky to have Simpler as a teacher. “Mr. Simple r is a teacher that really cares about his students and their success,” Leek said. “His students know that he not only holds high expectations for all but is always there to support each and every one of them. He is truly a special teacher.” 1．Why did Simpler feel surprised? A．His family made a video of him. B．His leader praised him for his work. C．His students got full marks in English. D．His students threw a birthday party for him. 2．How has the surprise turned out? A．It has caught worldwide attention. B．It has changed Simpler’s attitude to his job. C．It has improved Simpler’s relationship with his family. D．It has made the public realize the importance of education. 3．Which of the following best describes Simpler’s students? A．Courageous. B．Bright. C．Thoughtful. D．Creative. 4．What can we say about Simpler? A．He is ready to be a college teacher. B．He has a very good name at his school. C．He considers himself lucky to be a teacher. D．He regards his students as members of his family. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。伯勒森高中老师辛普勒十年未办生日派对，学生为其准备惊喜，视频走红全球，他深受师生认可。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Burleson High School English teacher Kyle Simpler said he came into his classroom on Feb.11, to see streamers (装饰彩纸条) , cake and presents for his 59th birthday from his English class.(伯勒森高中英语老师凯尔・辛普勒说，2月11日他走进教室，看到英语课的学生们为他59岁生日准备了装饰彩纸条、蛋糕和礼物。)”及第三段“I had no idea they would do something like that,(我不知道他们会做这样的事，)”可知，辛普勒感到惊讶是因为学生们为他举办了生日派对。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“As the weekend went on, the video became a hit as millions of people around the world tuned in (观看). Simpler said people from England, Australia and the Netherlands were messaging him to wish him happy birthday.(随着周末的推移，这段视频大受欢迎，全世界数百万人观看。辛普勒说，来自英国、澳大利亚和荷兰的人们给他发信息祝他生日快乐。)”可知，这个惊喜引起了全球关注。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘They found out that my birthday was coming up,’ Simpler said. ‘They made the cake and even put a picture of a cat on it because I’m always talking about how much I love cats.’(Simpler说，‘他们发现我的生日快到了。他们做了蛋糕，甚至还放了一张猫的照片，因为我总是说我有多爱猫。’)”可知，学生们记得老师的生日和喜好，为他准备惊喜，体现了他们体贴周到。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“BHS Principal Wayne Leek said the school is lucky to have Simpler as a teacher. ‘Mr. Simpler is a teacher that really cares about his students and their success,’ Leek said. ‘His students know that he not only holds high expectations for all but is always there to support each and every one of them. He is truly a special teacher.’(伯勒森高中校长韦恩・利克说，学校很幸运有辛普勒这样的老师。利克说：‘辛普勒老师真的很关心他的学生和他们的成功。他的学生知道，他不仅对所有人抱有很高的期望，而且总是在那里支持他们每个人。他确实是一位特别的老师。’)”可知，辛普勒在学校名声很好。故选B项。 Passage 3 It is rare that the CEO praises the virtues of sleeping late. According to one study, two-thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock, while for average Americans, the share is less than one third. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. Mike has no such ambitions. But he’s tried with early starts, and finds they bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor — mailbox can be cleared and problems solved before the flood of meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Early birds are certainly thought highly of. Rolling into the office late is unacceptable in most companies. A study published in 2020 found night owls (猫头鹰) were regarded as being “lazy” and “immature”. However, rising early is not all upside. Those prepared to receive work when the boss arrives may be assigned more of it. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. Waking before sunrise also risks making you a bore. Some early risers can’t help describing how much they got done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many,late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are viewed as for the elderly. If you’d like to change your body clock, it is possible to end in disappointment, as it is largely determined by genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 and why they ought to have break rooms. 1．What advantage does Mike find in early starts? A．Getting ready for the work. B．Enhancing creative thinking. C．Reducing workload pressure. D．Improving social relationships. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Night owls feel more stressed. B．Rising early is altogether beneficial. C．Rising early probably means getting more work. D．One arriving early can end up in working earlier. 3．What does the underlined words “hit the snooze button” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Let out a yawn. B．Sleep a little longer. C．Turn off the alarm. D．Get up to make breakfast. 4．What is the author’s final advice regarding the body clock? A．Accept their genetic determination. B．Prioritize nighttime productivity. C．Adjust it through consistent habits. D．Balance work with regular breaks. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了多数美国大公司CEO早起，早起者受认可，但也有弊端，如可能多干活、让人觉得无趣。对此文章指出生物钟多由基因决定，不必纠结，多数人介于两者之间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mike has no such ambitions. But he’s tried with early starts, and finds they bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor — mailbox can be cleared and problems solved before the flood of meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead.(迈克并没有这样的抱负。但他曾尝试过提前开始工作，结果发现这样做能带来一种满足感，那就是在编辑的邮箱还未清理完毕、问题还未解决之前就完成了工作——这样能让你在众多会议之前做好充分准备，从而感觉一切都很有条理)”可知，迈克觉得早起可以为工作做好准备。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Those prepared to receive work when the boss arrives may be assigned more of it.(那些愿意在老板到来时就做好准备迎接工作的人可能会被分配到更多的工作任务)”可知，早起可能意味着要完成更多的工作。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Waking before sunrise also risks making you a bore.(清晨起床就有可能让你变得乏味)”以及下文“Night owls, by contrast, let loose.(相比之下，夜猫子们则尽情享受夜晚的时光)”可知，夜猫子们享受夜晚的时光，所以清晨睡得较久。故划线词意思是“睡得较久”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you’d like to change your body clock, it is possible to end in disappointment, as it is largely determined by genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening.(如果你想改变自己的生物钟，可能会事与愿违，因为这在很大程度上是由基因决定的。或许最好的建议就是别再为自己的生物钟而烦恼了。大多数人都既不是早起的鸟儿，也不是夜猫子，而是介于两者之间的类型，白天和晚上都难以保持良好的状态)”可知，关于生物钟，作者的最终建议是接受其由基因决定的事实。故选A。 Passage 4 Recently, a video of four snow leopards climbing snowy cliffs (峭壁) in northern Pakistan made environmentalists very excited. Snow leopards are one kind of animals that are hard to find in the wild. Seeing just one on camera is difficult, let alone four at a time. This sighting is seen as a big win for Pakistan’s efforts to protect wildlife. Sakhawat Ali, a park worker who loves taking photos, filmed the snow leopards. He spent two weeks following their footprints in the Central Karakoram National Park, which is always covered in snow. It turned out that the four snow leopards were a mother and her three babies. Ali said that while people in his village often saw snow leopards, no one had ever seen four together before. He first saw the mother leopard. Then, he noticed more pawprints around. Later, from the roof of his house, he used binoculars (双筒望远镜) to look at a nearby cliff and was lucky enough to see all four leopards together. He quickly got his camera and filmed them from about 200 meters away. People in Ali’s village were happy about the sighting. However, they were also a bit worried that the leopards might attack their farm animals. Snow leopards are considered “vulnerable”, which means they are at risk of becoming endangered. They only live in high-altitude (海拔) mountains in the Himalayas, so they are seldom seen. The World Wildlife Fund in Pakistan said the sighting is a good sign, but snow leopards are still in danger. Snow leopards face many threats, like losing their homes and not having enough food. According to the United Nations, human activities and more livestock are harming the land where snow leopards live. This makes it harder for them to find food. Other problems include people hunting them illegally, new building projects destroying their habitats, and climate change making the situation worse. Given the terrible situation, it’s necessary that local communities work together to protect these amazing animals. Only in this way will future generations be able to see snow leopards in the wild. 1．Why did the sighting of four snow leopards excite environmentalists? A．It was a signal that the local climate was improving. B．It was unusual that snow leopards appeared in a group. C．It proved that snow leopards were no longer endangered. D．It indicated that snow leopards could adapt to new habitats. 2．How did Sakhawat Ali manage to film the snow leopards? A．By asking his neighbors for help. B．By tracking and observing them carefully. C．By waiting patiently near the cliff for long. D．By using advanced technology to search the mountains. 3．What is the villagers’ attitude towards the sighting? A．Mixed. B．Proud. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To describe the challenges for animals. B．To show human activities’ influence on wildlife. C．To call for collective efforts to protect snow leopards. D．To tell about the great adaptability of snow leopards. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述巴基斯坦护林员拍摄到罕见的雪豹家族影像，引发环保主义者的关注。尽管雪豹种群仍面临威胁，但这一发现被视为环境保护工作的成功案例。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Snow leopards are one kind of animals that are hard to find in the wild. Seeing just one on camera is difficult, let alone four at a time. This sighting is seen as a big win for Pakistan’s efforts to protect wildlife.(雪豹是一种在野外很难找到的动物。在镜头里看到一只都很难，更别说一次看到四只了。这次发现被视为巴基斯坦在保护野生动物方面取得的一大胜利)”可知，雪豹很难在野外发现，一次发现四只雪豹是不寻常的，所以这让环保主义者很兴奋。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He spent two weeks following their footprints in the Central Karakoram National Park, which is always covered in snow.(他在常年被雪覆盖的中央喀喇昆仑国家公园里花了两个星期追踪它们的脚印)”以及“Later, from the roof of his house, he used binoculars (双筒望远镜) to look at a nearby cliff and was lucky enough to see all four leopards together.(后来，他从自家的屋顶上用双筒望远镜观察附近的一处悬崖，很幸运地看到了四只雪豹在一起)”可知，Sakhawat Ali通过仔细追踪和观察雪豹，成功地拍摄到了它们。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“People in Ali’s village were happy about the sighting. However, they were also a bit worried that the leopards might attack their farm animals.(阿里村子里的人们对这次发现感到高兴。然而，他们也有点担心豹子会攻击他们的家畜)”可知，村民们对这次发现既高兴又担心，态度是复杂的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Given the terrible situation, it’s necessary that local communities work together to protect these amazing animals. Only in this way will future generations be able to see snow leopards in the wild.(鉴于目前严峻的形势，当地社区有必要共同努力保护这些神奇的动物。只有这样，子孙后代才能在野外看到雪豹)”并结合最后一段的结构可知，最后一段先阐述了雪豹面临的诸多威胁，接着强调当地社区需要共同努力保护雪豹，使后代能够在野外看见雪豹，由此可见作者写最后一段的目的是呼吁大家共同努力保护雪豹。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $