主题12 灾害防范，人身安全-备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用）

**基本信息** 以“灾害防范，人身安全”为主题，通过词汇分类归纳与多题型语篇训练，构建从基础词汇到综合应用的递进式复习体系，贴合广东中考命题趋势，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇归纳|82词+8短语|按“天气与灾害类型”“灾害应对与影响”等语义场分类，含名词、形容词、动词及热考短语|从具体灾害相关词汇（如地震、洪水）到抽象应对概念（如安全、危险），形成“具体-抽象”词汇网络| |语篇研读|语法1篇10题、完形1篇10题、阅读4篇35题、选词1篇10空、读写综合1篇问答+1篇写作|涵盖语法选择（时态/副词等）、完形填空（语境理解）、多样阅读（日记/说明文/记叙文/匹配题）及写作（避险建议）|从基础语法到语篇理解，再到综合表达，构建“词汇-语法-语篇-应用”的逻辑链条，提升语言运用与问题解决能力|

备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用） 主题12 灾害防范，人身安全 词汇归纳 · 夯基础 天气与灾害类型 名词： 1.云 ______________ 2.雾 _____________ 3.地震 ___________________ 4.雪 ______________ 5.风 ______________ 6.雷 _________________ 7.热量 _____________ 8.冰 _____________ 9.灾难 __________________ 10.天气 _______________ 11.洪水 ______________ 12.温度 _______________ 13.暴风雨 ____________ 14.烟 _______________ 15.紧急状况____________ 形容词： 16.凉爽的 _________ 17.黑暗的 ____________ 18.多云的 ________________ 19.热的 ____________ 20.厚的 _______________ 21.下雪的 ______________ 22.湿的 ____________ 23.多风的 ______________ 24.多雨的 _______________ 25.晴朗的 ______________ 26.温暖的 ______________ 27.微风吹拂______________ 灾害应对与影响 名词： 28.危险 ____________ 29.风险；危险 ___________ 30.条件；状况 _______________ 动词： 31.吹 ______________ 32.覆盖 _______________ 33.冻结；结冰 ____________ 34.传播 ______________ 35.开始 _______________ 36.遭受 ________________ 37.幸存 ________________ 38.警告 ______________ 39.导致 _______________ 40.迅速移动；冲 _______ 形容词： 41. 可怕的 ________________ 42.安全的 ____________ 42. 严重的 ________________ 意外伤害 名词： 44.血 _______________ 45.枪支 _____________ 46.意外 _________________ 47.伤疤 _____________ 48.鼻出血 _________________ 49.救护车 ______________ 50.疼痛；痛苦 ______________ 动词：51.流血 ______________ 52.烧伤 ______________ 53.打；撞击 _____________ 54.受伤 _____________ 55.杀死 _____________ 56.打破 _______________ 形容词： 57.危险的 ____________ 58.有害的 _____________ 59.出乎意料的；始料不及的 ____________________ 医疗救助 名词： 60.援助 _____________ 61.医院 __________________ 62.药物 __________________ 63.病人 ________________ 64.安全 ________________ 65.X 射线 ________________ 动词： 66.拯救 ______________ 67.需要 ______________ 68.持续 ______________ 69.站立 ______________ 70.比较 ________________ 形容词： 71.医疗的 _________________ 72.公共的 ________________ 73.清晰的；明显的 ___________ 热考短语 74.拍打着 ___________________ 75.一片混乱 ___________________ 76.确保 __________________ 77.下大雨 _______________________ 78.一片寂静 ___________________ 79.保持冷静 ___________________ 80.处于危险中 __________________ 81.跑向安全地带 ___________________ 82.远离 …… _______________________ 参考答案 天气与灾害类型 名词 1. cloud 2. fog 3. earthquake 4. snow 5. wind 6. thunder 7. heat 8. ice 9. disaster 10. weather 11. flood 12. temperature 13. storm 14. smoke 15. emergency 形容词 16. cool 17. dark 18. cloudy 19. hot 20. thick 21. snowy 22. wet 23. windy 24. rainy 25. sunny 26. warm 27. breezy 灾害应对与影响 名词 28. danger 29. risk 30. condition 动词 31. blow 32. cover 33. freeze 34. spread 35. begin/start 36. suffer 37. survive 38. warn 39. cause 40. rush 形容词 41. terrible 42. safe 43. serious 意外伤害 名词 44. blood 45. gun 46. accident 47. scar 48. nosebleed 49. ambulance 50. pain 动词 51. bleed 52. burn 53. hit 54. hurt 55. kill 56. break 形容词 57. dangerous 58. harmful 59. unexpected 医疗救助 名词 60. aid 61. hospital 62. medicine 63. patient 64. safety 65. X-ray 动词 66. save 67. need 68. last 69. stand 70. compare 形容词 71. medical 72. public 73. clear 热考短语 74. beat against 75. in a mess 76. make sure 77. rain heavily 78. silence all around 79. keep calm 80. in danger 81. run to safety 82. keep away from 语篇研读 · 提能力 一、语法选择 Last week, there was a terrible typhoon in our city. I remember what I was doing when it suddenly 1 . I was watching TV at home. Suddenly, the wind became very strong and the rain started to fall 2 . My mother told me to stay 3 from the windows. My friend Kate was doing her homework when the typhoon came. She saw the lights go out. She was scared because it was very dark. She called her mother to ask 4 to do. My 5 friend, Jiaming, was preparing lunch in the kitchen when the typhoon started. He heard the sound of 6 rain hitting the windows. He quickly closed all the windows and doors. After the typhoon, we saw many fallen trees and broken windows. Some streets were 7 with water. But luckily, no one was hurt. The next day, we helped clean up the 8 . We picked up branches and leaves from the streets. It was hard work, 9 we felt good to help. Now I know how important it is to be 10 during a natural disaster. We should always listen to the warnings and stay safe. 1．A．happen B．happened C．was happening 2．A．heavy B．heavily C．heaviness 3．A．away B．near C．to 4．A．what B．where C．when 5．A．Other B．The other C．Another 6．A．/ B．a C．the 7．A．fill B．filled C．filling 8．A．mess B．messes C．garden 9．A．so B．but C．because 10．A．careful B．careless C．carelessly 二、完形填空 Last winter, a heavy snowstorm hit our city. It was the most unforgettable experience of my life. The snow 11 non-stop for two days, and the wind 12 very strongly. My family and I stayed at home, but we felt really 13 Suddenly, we heard a big crash (巨响). Our old fence (栅栏) 14 down and blocked (堵塞) the door. The power went out, and the room became cold 15 . My mom told us to move to the living room with blankets, hot water, and candles. The storm lasted for 16 hours. During the night, we could hear the wind howling and snow hitting the windows. My little brother was scared, but I tried to stay 17 . I told him the storm would end soon. 18 the sun came up the next morning, the snow finally stopped. We went outside and saw many cars 19 under the snow. Some roofs were damaged. Luckily, no one in our neighborhood got 20 . We were safe, but I will never forget that snowy night. 11．A．fell B．fall C．falls D．fallen 12．A．blew B．grew C．flew D．drove 13．A．excited B．nervous C．interested D．surprised 14．A．hit B．cut C．broke D．put 15．A．nowhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．everywhere 16．A．few B．little C．several D．much 17．A．calm B．silent C．quiet D．still 18．A．After B．Before C．When D．While 19．A．lying B．standing C．hiding D．sitting 20．A．ill B．hurt C．afraid D．terrible 三、阅读理解 A April 15th Rainy The earthquake stopped. How terrible it was last night! I was lucky to be okay. I stayed away from broken walls — they might fall. I found a bottle of clean water and shared it with a scared kid. Being calm helps, I thought. When I heard a rescue (救援) car’s siren (汽笛) far away, my heart felt light — help was coming. Wu Na July 10th Rainy Flood water came up fast. I climbed onto a table when the floor got wet. A man passed by on a big box and he pulled me up. We floated (漂浮) together, shouting for help. The water slowed, and then I saw a boat. Waving hard, I smiled — we weren’t stuck forever.Li Nan January 3rd Snowy The snowstorm kept us inside. It was cold, so I put on three sweaters. I heated hot water with a small stove(火炉) and gave some to my mom. We told stories to forget the cold. Through the window, I noticed the snow was lighter. Soon, the sun might peek out. Tu Jing December 2nd Cloudy The strong typhoon came near. The wind blew hard and the rain beat heavily. I stayed inside and closed the windows tightly. The wind and rain became weaker little by little. I hoped everything would be safe soon. He Tian 21．What natural disaster did Wu Na experience? A．Flood B．Earthquake C．Snowstorm D．Typhoon 22．When did Li Nan write his diary? A．April 15th B．January 3rd C．July 10th D．December 2nd 23．How did Tu Jing keep warm during the snowstorm? A．She put on three sweaters and heated hot water. B．She ran to a hill with her friends. C．She climbed onto a table and waited for help. D．She shared clean water with a kid. 24．What did He Tian do when the typhoon came? A．He stayed outside and enjoyed the wind. B．He stayed inside and closed the windows tightly. C．He ran to look for his friends. D．He opened the door and shouted for help. 25．What’s the main idea of the four passages? A．How to help others in danger. B．The ways to keep safe during an earthquake. C．The bad weather in different months. D．Four students’ experiences in different natural disasters. B Nowadays, we have many different kinds of technologies to protect us from different disasters. We can even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon, the flood and the earthquake, happen. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters. The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send things like food and water when a natural disaster happens. It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive. The drone is also a useful tool for firefighters to find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places in the world, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people who are in great need of it. Social media platforms (平台) are also useful when it comes to natural disasters. With their help, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations. Social media platforms are also places for up-to-date news, so people can learn what is going on in disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. Although these technologies can help us a lot when there is a natural disaster, we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 26．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Drones. B．The rescue teams. C．The people in disaster areas. D．The social media platforms. 27．The drone can help do the following things EXCEPT __________. A．send food and water to people when a natural disaster happens B．fly into dangerous buildings to search for people still alive C．help firefighters find and fight against wildfires D．take injured people quickly to safe places during disasters 28．Why does the writer mention live streaming? A．To show social media platforms can provide up-to-date news. B．To show people can know about coming disasters through social media platforms. C．To show social media platforms can help raise money after a disaster. D．To show people can tell others they are safe through social media platforms. 29．What is the correct structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 30．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．It tells us what to do when disasters come. B．It advises us to use social media platforms more often. C．It tells us how some technologies help people in disasters. D．It suggests that we should learn self-protection skills during disasters. C One Saturday Maria and I had a 30-mile bike ride. At 10:30 a.m., when we stopped for a rest, a cold wind came. That was when our perfect day began to change. By noon, we knew a big storm was moving our way. Dark clouds rolled up out of the southwest. There was no way to stay out of the storm. We would have to wait it out, but where? Then ▲ . The temperature fell suddenly. I looked up and saw the sky had now turned dark green. I looked around and saw no animals. Then a blue car stopped beside our bikes. The driver shouted, “Get in!” She looked afraid, and so did we. We did as she said. That was when the hail (冰雹) started. Ice, the size of golf balls, hit the windows of the car. She drove fast to the north. Maria and I looked back at the black sky. Maria cried, “Tornado (龙卷风)!” It was so close. We would never run faster than the tornado! The driver said, “There’s an overpass (桥) ahead. We’ll stay under it for protection.” When we parked, we jumped out of the car and ran to the wall of the overpass. Before I could count to 20, there came a loud noise. It sounded like a train passing overhead. Then, suddenly, it was over. We had made it! We were shaken but excited. What a story! 31．What was the writer doing on the day of the tornado? A．Resting at home. B．Playing outside. C．Driving a car. D．Riding a bike. 32．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．the storm stopped B．we found a safe place C．things got worse D．things began to get better 33．What happened first when the tornado began? A．The hail came suddenly. B．Dark clouds rolled up. C．The temperature fell. D．Animals hid themselves. 34．What is the right order of the story? ① The woman drove to the overpass. ② Maria and I had a bike ride. ③ A storm was moving our way. ④ Ice hit the windows of the car. ⑤ We got into a woman’s car. A．②③⑤④① B．②③①④⑤ C．③①②⑤④ D．③②①④⑤ 35．How did they feel when it was all over? A．Tired and nervous. B．Sad and painful. C．Afraid but excited. D．Worried but lucky. D 左栏是五种自然灾害的典型征兆，右栏是七种紧急避险措施，请为两者进行匹配并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 36 At first, the water in the cups was shaking. Then the whole house was shaking, I could hear some  strange breaking sounds from the walls. 37 I heard a strange sound outside my bedroom. When I got out, I found that the water had flooded the floor and was rising quickly. 38 Bright lightning appeared, and loud thunder came soon. The rain beat against the windows so loudly that it kept me awake all night. Also, the strong wind outside was so alarming. 39 The smoke in the forest was stronger and stronger. I could hear some animals shouting loudly from time to time. 40 Suddenly, I heard a loud noise when I was climbing the mountain. Then I saw the snow on the mountaintop start rolling down. A．You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock. B．Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away. C． You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends. D．You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops. E. You should drive slowly and turn on the tail lights of the car. And do not get close to the mountain area. F. You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants. G. Save water in our daily life, like taking shorter showers and reusing water. Try to stop wasting water. 四、选词填空 请阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词，并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。每词限用一次，有两个多余选项。 give      build       happy     we      happen    when quick     save        good      with     they      move The earthquake was strong and many buildings fell down. Some people were trapped under the broken 41 . But the rescue teams acted 42 . They worked day and night 43 people. Many people 44 food, clothes and money to the area. Months later, new houses were built. The people felt 45 again. A little girl said, “I want to be a doctor 46 I grow up. I want to help people in need like the doctors who helped 47 .” The story tells us that when a natural disaster 48 , people should stay calm and help each other. 49 help from all over the country, we can build a 50 life . 五、读写综合 A．回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题，并将答案写在答题卡对应的答题位置上。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 When 13-year-old Xiaonuan thinks back to Typhoon Gaemi (台风格美), her heart begins to beat faster. In July 2024, the typhoon came to her hometown, Zixing City in Hunan Province with heavy rain and strong winds. “I was sleeping when my parents woke me up at about 5 am,” Xiaonuan said. “The water had already run through the door. We had to climb out of a window on the second floor with a ladder (梯子).” The flood was terrible. It made her home fall down and washed away everything on the first floor. “I was so worried after the flood,” she said. “I was afraid that I would not be able to go on studying.” Xiaonuan’s teacher, Mei Zheng, saw the disaster, too. He watched the water rise quickly around Zhoumensi School. “The walls fell, and water rushed in,” he said. “Almost everything in the school was broken—the labs, the library and books. It made us very sad.” Typhoon Gaemi damaged 41 schools. However, there was hope. To start the new school year on time, 300 students and teachers from Zhoumensi School went to another school. “The students really like studying at the new school,” Mr. Mei said. They got many new school things from groups like UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会). With the help of people around her, Xiaonuan is back in class. She knows the typhoon broke their school, but it could not break their spirit. 51．When did the typhoon arrive in Xiaonuan’s hometown? __________________________________ 52．What happened to Xiaonuan’s home? __________________________________ 53．Why was Mei Zheng very sad? __________________________________ 54．Where did the students start the new school year on time? __________________________________ 55．How did UNICEF help the students? __________________________________ B．书面表达 56．茂名作为粤西沿海城市，常受台风影响。请你根据自身经历，运用避险知识，根据以下思维导图内容提示，向学校英文报刊的“How to Protect Ourselves During a Typhoon”栏目投稿。 参考词汇：the latest news最新消息；stay away from远离；coastal沿海的 注意：(1)不得照抄原文，不得在作文中出现真实校名和考生的真实姓名； (2)语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已给出，不计入总词数，也不必抄在答题卡上。 How to Protect Ourselves during a Typhoon Typhoons are common natural disasters in many coastal places. __________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了作者回忆台风来临时，自己和朋友Kate、Jiaming的经历，以及台风过后大家清理街道的故事，传递了自然灾害中要听从预警、注意安全的重要性。 1．句意：我记得台风突然发生时我正在做什么。 根据 “when I was doing” 可知，when引导的时间状语从句描述过去发生的短暂动作，且句中 “suddenly” 强调动作的突发性，需用一般过去时，应填happened。 2．句意：突然，风变得很大，雨开始下得很大。 根据 “the rain started to fall” 可知，此处需用副词修饰动词fall，应填heavily。heavy为形容词，heaviness为名词，均无法修饰动词。 3．句意：我妈妈告诉我要远离窗户。 固定搭配stay away from表示 “远离”，应填away。near和to无法构成符合语境的搭配。 4．句意：她打电话给妈妈问该做什么。 此处表达 “做什么”，需用疑问词what，应填what。where询问地点，when询问时间，均不符合语境。 5．句意：另一个朋友Jiaming在台风开始时正在厨房准备午餐。 根据上下文，此处表示三者及以上中的 “另一个”，应填Another。other后需接复数名词，不符合语境。 6．句意：他听到雨打在窗户上的声音。 根据 “rain hitting the windows” 可知，此处特指台风中的雨，需用定冠词the，应填the。 7．句意：一些街道被水淹没了。 固定搭配be filled with表示 “充满”，需用fill的过去分词，应填filled。fill为动词原形，filling为现在分词，均无法构成被动语态。 8．句意：第二天，我们帮忙清理了烂摊子。 固定搭配clean up the mess表示 “清理残局”，应填mess。messes为复数形式，garden不符合语境。 9．句意：这是辛苦的工作，但帮助别人让我们感觉很好。 根据前后句逻辑，“工作辛苦” 和 “感觉良好” 为转折关系，应填but。 10．句意：现在我知道在自然灾害中小心是多么重要。 根据 “listen to the warnings and stay safe” 可知，此处表达 “小心的”，需用形容词作表语，应填careful。careless语义相反，carelessly为副词，均不符合语境。 二、 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文讲述了作者一家在去年冬天遭遇暴风雪的经历，描写了暴风雪的肆虐、家中的状况以及家人的应对，展现了暴风雪的威力与家人的平安。 11．句意：雪连续下了两天，风刮得很猛烈。 文章整体为一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell，符合语境；fall为原形、falls为一般现在时、fallen为过去分词，均不符合时态，故排除。 12．句意：雪连续下了两天，风刮得很猛烈。 描述刮风用动词blow，其过去式为blew，符合语境；grew“成长”、flew“飞”、drove“驾驶”均不符合语境，故排除。 13．句意：我和家人待在家里，但我们感到真的很紧张。 暴风雪肆虐，家人会感到紧张不安，nervous“紧张的”，符合语境；excited“兴奋的”、interested“感兴趣的”、surprised“惊讶的”均不符合语境，故排除。 14．句意：我们的旧栅栏倒了，堵住了门。 固定搭配break down表示“倒塌/坏掉”，break的过去式为broke，符合语境；hit“撞击”、cut“切”、put“放”均不符合语境，故排除。 15．句意：停电了，房间里到处都很冷。 停电后没有取暖设备，房间里每个地方都很冷，everywhere“到处、处处”符合语境；nowhere“无处”、anywhere“任何地方（多用于否定/疑问句）”、somewhere“某处”均不符合语境，故排除。 16．句意：风暴持续了好几个小时。 hours为可数名词复数，several“几个/数个”，修饰可数名词复数，符合语境；few表否定，little/much修饰不可数名词，均不符合语境，故排除。 17．句意：我的小弟弟很害怕，但我努力保持冷静。 面对风暴，作者努力保持冷静安抚弟弟，calm“冷静的”，符合语境；silent“沉默的”、quiet“安静的”、still“静止的”均不符合语境，故排除。 18．句意：第二天早上当太阳出来时，雪终于停了。 表示“当太阳出来时”，When引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，符合语境；After“……之后”、Before“在……之前”、While“当……时候（后接进行时）”均不符合逻辑，故排除。 19．句意：我们走出去，看到许多汽车躺在雪下。 汽车被雪覆盖，像是“躺”在雪下，lying（lie的现在分词）符合语境；standing“站着”、hiding“藏着”、sitting“坐着”均不符合语境，故排除。 20．句意：幸运的是，我们街区没有人受伤。 暴风雪过后，人们关心的是是否有人受伤，hurt“受伤的”符合语境；ill“生病的”、afraid“害怕的”、terrible“糟糕的”均不符合语境，故排除。 三、 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 【导语】本文通过四则学生日记，记录了他们在不同自然灾害中的经历与应对方式。 21．根据Wu Na的日记“The earthquake stopped.”可知，她经历的自然灾害是地震。 22．根据Li Nan的日记标注的日期“July 10th”可知，他写日记的时间是7月10日。 23．根据Tu Jing的日记“I put on three sweaters. I heated hot water with a small stove and gave some to my mom.”可知，她保暖的方式是穿上三件毛衣并烧热水。 24．根据He Tian的日记“I stayed inside and closed the windows tightly.”可知，台风来临时他待在屋里并关紧窗户。 25．本文四则日记分别记录了四位学生在不同自然灾害中的经历，故主旨是四位学生在不同自然灾害中的经历。 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了无人机、社交媒体平台等科技在自然灾害救援与应对中的作用。 26．根据第2段中的“It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive.”可知，救援队进入建筑物往往太危险了。因此，他们让无人机飞入建筑物，寻找那些还活着的人，可知此处“they”指代的是“The rescue teams.” 27．根据第2段“The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send things like food and water when a natural disaster happens. It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive. The drone is also a useful tool for firefighters to find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places in the world, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people who are in great need of it.”可知，当自然灾害发生时，它可以用来运送食物和水等物品。救援队进入建筑物往往太危险了。因此，他们让无人机飞入建筑物，寻找那些还活着的人。无人机也是消防员发现和扑灭野火的有用工具。在世界上一些遥远的地方，无人机是向急需药品的人运送药品的最快方式。文中没有提到“快速将伤者送往安全地带”。 28．根据文章第4段中的“Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.”可知，作者提到直播是为了证明社交媒体平台可以帮助灾后筹款。 29．文章第①段：总起，介绍有多种技术可在灾害中帮助人们；②段：分述，介绍无人机的作用；③-④段：分述，介绍社交媒体平台的作用；⑤段：总结，在自然灾害中，强调技术的帮助作用的同时，人们仍需自我保护。选项D中的结构图是正确的。 30．文章第①段引入“技术可帮助抵御灾害”；②-④段分别介绍无人机、社交媒体平台两种技术的具体作用，可知文章主要告诉我们一些技术是如何在灾难中帮助人们的。 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者和Maria在骑自行车途中遭遇龙卷风，被一位女士救下并成功躲避风暴的经历。 31．第一段指出：“Maria and I had a 30-mile bike ride”，说明作者当时在骑自行车。 32．前文描述天气恶化（第二段“a big storm was moving our way” “Dark clouds rolled up”），后文提到天气进一步恶化（第三段“The temperature fell suddenly” “the sky had now turned dark green”），因此空缺处应填“things got worse”。 33．第二段指出：“By noon, we knew a big storm was moving our way. Dark clouds rolled up out of the southwest.”，乌云密布是龙卷风来临前最先发生的事情。 34．故事顺序为：第一段“Maria and I had a 30-mile bike ride”（②骑车出发）→第二段“a big storm was moving our way”（③风暴逼近）→第四段“‘Get in!’ She looked afraid...we did as she said”（⑤进入女士的车）→第四段“Ice...hit the windows of the car”（④冰雹砸车窗）→第五段“She drove fast...There’s an overpass ahead...We’ll stay under it”（①开车到桥下），因此正确顺序为②③⑤④①。 35．最后一段指出：“We were shaken but excited.”，说明他们虽害怕但兴奋。 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．F 40．A 【导语】本文是根据五段不同灾难发生时的场景描述，匹配出相应的正确避险建议。 36．文段描述了杯子里的水晃动、房屋整体摇晃、墙壁发出奇怪的断裂声，这是地震发生时的典型场景。D选项 “You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops.” 你应该快速躲到坚固的桌子底下或进入浴室，震动停止前不要出来，符合地震发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 37．文段描述了卧室外面传来奇怪的声音，出去后发现水已经淹没地板并且水位在快速上升，这是洪水发生时的典型场景。B选项 “Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away.” 如果可能的话切断电源，带上必需品立刻搬到二楼或其他更高的地方，符合洪水发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 38．文段描述了明亮的闪电出现、很快传来巨大的雷声、雨点猛烈地敲打窗户、外面的强风也很吓人，这是雷暴雨发生时的典型场景。C选项 “You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends.” 你应该待在室内，不要使用手机或电视等电子设备，雷暴雨结束前不要站在树下或窗边，符合雷暴雨发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 39．文段描述了森林里的烟越来越浓，不时能听到一些动物大声叫喊，这是森林火灾发生时的典型场景。F选项 “You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants.” 你应该用湿布捂住口鼻，尽量找已经烧过的区域或搬到没有植物的岩石区域，符合森林火灾发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 40．文段描述了爬山时突然听到一声巨响，然后看到山顶上的雪开始往下滚落，这是雪崩发生时的典型场景。A选项 “You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock.” 你需要向侧面跑以避开雪，如果可能的话，你应该躲在一块大石头后面，符合雪崩发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 四、 41．buildings 42．quickly 43．to save 44．gave 45．happy 46．when 47．us 48．happens 49．With 50．better 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了地震发生后的救援、社会援助、灾后重建，以及人们从中获得的感悟，传递了互助与希望的主题。 41．句意：一些人被困在倒塌的建筑物下面。根据前文“many buildings fell down”可知，此处用build的名词复数形式buildings符合语境，意为“建筑物”，表示“倒塌的建筑物”。 42．句意：但是救援队快速行动。此处修饰动词acted，需用副词，结合语境和所给词语，此处用quick的副词形式quickly符合语境，意为“迅速地”。 43．句意：他们夜以继日地工作来挽救人们。 根据前文“Some people were trapped under…”可知，此处是介绍救援队的目的是救人，结合所给词语，此处用动词save的不定式形式to save，做目的状语。 44．句意：许多人给灾区食物、衣服和钱。 根据空后的“food, clothes and money to the area”可知，此处考查固定短语give sth. to…，意为“把某物给……”，事件发生在过去，句子是一般过去时，动词要用过去式gave。 45．句意：人们再次感到幸福。根据“Months later, new houses were built.”和所给词语，灾后重建完成，人们重获幸福，felt后接形容词，作表语，结合所给词语，happy符合语境，意为“幸福的”。 46．句意：当我长大时，我想当一名医生。根据句意，此处需要引导时间状语从句的连词，结合所给词语，when符合语境，意为“当……时候”。 47．句意：我想像帮助我们的医生那样帮助有需要的人。前文提到救援队，此处指救援队里的医生，这里表达的是“我想像帮助我们的医生那样”，helped“帮助”是动词，其后用人称代词宾格形式，结合所给词语，we的宾格是us，意为“我们”。 48．句意：这个故事告诉我们，当自然灾害发生时，人们应该保持冷静并互相帮助。此处陈述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语a natural disaster是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，结合所给词语，此处用happen的第三人称单数happens，意为“发生”。 49．句意：在来自全国的帮助下，我们可以重建美好的生活。此处考查固定短语with help from…，意为“在来自……的帮助下”，此处用介词with，且句首单词的首字母要大写。 50．句意：我们可以重建更好的生活。此处修饰名词life，需用形容词。结合语境，是重建“更美好的”生活，用good的比较级是better，意为“更好的”。 五、 51．In July 2024. 52．It fell down and everything on the first floor was washed away. 53．Because almost everything in the school was broken. 54．At another school. 55．It gave the students many new school things. 56．One possible version: How to Protect Ourselves During a Typhoon Typhoons are common natural disasters in many coastal places. They usually come in summer or autumn with strong winds and heavy rain. They bring dangers to people’s lives, such as broken trees, so it’s important to protect ourselves. Before the typhoon, we should check the latest news about it. Then we need to prepare food, water, and medicine at home. During the typhoon, we must close the doors and windows. Don’t go outside until the news tells you that the typhoon has gone. In short, we must be very careful and stay safe when the typhoon arrives. 【导语】本文讲述2024年7月台风格美袭击湖南资兴，造成小暖家房屋损毁、学校被破坏，但在各方帮助下学生们得以按时复学，展现了人们应对自然灾害时不屈的精神。 51．根据“In July 2024, the typhoon came to her hometown, Zixing City in Hunan Province with heavy rain and strong winds.”可知，台风格美于2024年7月到达小暖的家乡，故填In July 2024. 52．根据“The flood was terrible. It made her home fall down and washed away everything on the first floor.”可知，洪水冲垮了小暖的家，并冲走了一楼的所有东西，故填It fell down and everything on the first floor was washed away. 53．根据“Almost everything in the school was broken—the labs, the library and books. It made us very sad.”可知，因为学校里几乎所有东西都被毁坏了，所以梅正老师感到很伤心，故填Because almost everything in the school was broken. 54．根据“To start the new school year on time, 300 students and teachers from Zhoumensi School went to another school.”可知，学生们去了另一所学校按时开始新学年，故填At another school. 55．根据“They got many new school things from groups like UNICEF.”可知，联合国儿童基金会给学生们提供了许多新的学习用品，故填It gave the students many new school things. 56．[总体分析] ①题材：材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：根据思维导图内容提示介绍台风以及台风来时的保护措施，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，简要介绍台风概况； 第二步，详细描述保护措施； 第三步，结尾处进行呼吁。 [亮点词汇] ①natural disasters自然灾害 ②the latest news最新消息 ③stay safe保持安全 [高分句型] ①They bring dangers to people’s lives, such as broken trees, so it’s important to protect ourselves. (so连接两个句子) ②Don’t go outside until the news tells you that the typhoon has gone. (否定祈使句+until引导的时间状语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 备战2026年中考英语话题复习（广东省卷专用） 主题12 灾害防范，人身安全 词汇归纳 · 夯基础 天气与灾害类型 名词： 1.云 ______________ 2.雾 _____________ 3.地震 ___________________ 4.雪 ______________ 5.风 ______________ 6.雷 _________________ 7.热量 _____________ 8.冰 _____________ 9.灾难 __________________ 10.天气 _______________ 11.洪水 ______________ 12.温度 _______________ 13.暴风雨 ____________ 14.烟 _______________ 15.紧急状况____________ 形容词： 16.凉爽的 _________ 17.黑暗的 ____________ 18.多云的 ________________ 19.热的 ____________ 20.厚的 _______________ 21.下雪的 ______________ 22.湿的 ____________ 23.多风的 ______________ 24.多雨的 _______________ 25.晴朗的 ______________ 26.温暖的 ______________ 27.微风吹拂______________ 灾害应对与影响 名词： 28.危险 ____________ 29.风险；危险 ___________ 30.条件；状况 _______________ 动词： 31.吹 ______________ 32.覆盖 _______________ 33.冻结；结冰 ____________ 34.传播 ______________ 35.开始 _______________ 36.遭受 ________________ 37.幸存 ________________ 38.警告 ______________ 39.导致 _______________ 40.迅速移动；冲 _______ 形容词： 41. 可怕的 ________________ 42.安全的 ____________ 42. 严重的 ________________ 意外伤害 名词： 44.血 _______________ 45.枪支 _____________ 46.意外 _________________ 47.伤疤 _____________ 48.鼻出血 _________________ 49.救护车 ______________ 50.疼痛；痛苦 ______________ 动词：51.流血 ______________ 52.烧伤 ______________ 53.打；撞击 _____________ 54.受伤 _____________ 55.杀死 _____________ 56.打破 _______________ 形容词： 57.危险的 ____________ 58.有害的 _____________ 59.出乎意料的；始料不及的 ____________________ 医疗救助 名词： 60.援助 _____________ 61.医院 __________________ 62.药物 __________________ 63.病人 ________________ 64.安全 ________________ 65.X 射线 ________________ 动词： 66.拯救 ______________ 67.需要 ______________ 68.持续 ______________ 69.站立 ______________ 70.比较 ________________ 形容词： 71.医疗的 _________________ 72.公共的 ________________ 73.清晰的；明显的 ___________ 热考短语 74.拍打着 ___________________ 75.一片混乱 ___________________ 76.确保 __________________ 77.下大雨 _______________________ 78.一片寂静 ___________________ 79.保持冷静 ___________________ 80.处于危险中 __________________ 81.跑向安全地带 ___________________ 82.远离 …… _______________________ 语篇研读 · 提能力 一、语法选择 Last week, there was a terrible typhoon in our city. I remember what I was doing when it suddenly 1 . I was watching TV at home. Suddenly, the wind became very strong and the rain started to fall 2 . My mother told me to stay 3 from the windows. My friend Kate was doing her homework when the typhoon came. She saw the lights go out. She was scared because it was very dark. She called her mother to ask 4 to do. My 5 friend, Jiaming, was preparing lunch in the kitchen when the typhoon started. He heard the sound of 6 rain hitting the windows. He quickly closed all the windows and doors. After the typhoon, we saw many fallen trees and broken windows. Some streets were 7 with water. But luckily, no one was hurt. The next day, we helped clean up the 8 . We picked up branches and leaves from the streets. It was hard work, 9 we felt good to help. Now I know how important it is to be 10 during a natural disaster. We should always listen to the warnings and stay safe. 1．A．happen B．happened C．was happening 2．A．heavy B．heavily C．heaviness 3．A．away B．near C．to 4．A．what B．where C．when 5．A．Other B．The other C．Another 6．A．/ B．a C．the 7．A．fill B．filled C．filling 8．A．mess B．messes C．garden 9．A．so B．but C．because 10．A．careful B．careless C．carelessly 二、完形填空 Last winter, a heavy snowstorm hit our city. It was the most unforgettable experience of my life. The snow 11 non-stop for two days, and the wind 12 very strongly. My family and I stayed at home, but we felt really 13 Suddenly, we heard a big crash (巨响). Our old fence (栅栏) 14 down and blocked (堵塞) the door. The power went out, and the room became cold 15 . My mom told us to move to the living room with blankets, hot water, and candles. The storm lasted for 16 hours. During the night, we could hear the wind howling and snow hitting the windows. My little brother was scared, but I tried to stay 17 . I told him the storm would end soon. 18 the sun came up the next morning, the snow finally stopped. We went outside and saw many cars 19 under the snow. Some roofs were damaged. Luckily, no one in our neighborhood got 20 . We were safe, but I will never forget that snowy night. 11．A．fell B．fall C．falls D．fallen 12．A．blew B．grew C．flew D．drove 13．A．excited B．nervous C．interested D．surprised 14．A．hit B．cut C．broke D．put 15．A．nowhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．everywhere 16．A．few B．little C．several D．much 17．A．calm B．silent C．quiet D．still 18．A．After B．Before C．When D．While 19．A．lying B．standing C．hiding D．sitting 20．A．ill B．hurt C．afraid D．terrible 三、阅读理解 A April 15th Rainy The earthquake stopped. How terrible it was last night! I was lucky to be okay. I stayed away from broken walls — they might fall. I found a bottle of clean water and shared it with a scared kid. Being calm helps, I thought. When I heard a rescue (救援) car’s siren (汽笛) far away, my heart felt light — help was coming. Wu Na July 10th Rainy Flood water came up fast. I climbed onto a table when the floor got wet. A man passed by on a big box and he pulled me up. We floated (漂浮) together, shouting for help. The water slowed, and then I saw a boat. Waving hard, I smiled — we weren’t stuck forever.Li Nan January 3rd Snowy The snowstorm kept us inside. It was cold, so I put on three sweaters. I heated hot water with a small stove(火炉) and gave some to my mom. We told stories to forget the cold. Through the window, I noticed the snow was lighter. Soon, the sun might peek out. Tu Jing December 2nd Cloudy The strong typhoon came near. The wind blew hard and the rain beat heavily. I stayed inside and closed the windows tightly. The wind and rain became weaker little by little. I hoped everything would be safe soon. He Tian 21．What natural disaster did Wu Na experience? A．Flood B．Earthquake C．Snowstorm D．Typhoon 22．When did Li Nan write his diary? A．April 15th B．January 3rd C．July 10th D．December 2nd 23．How did Tu Jing keep warm during the snowstorm? A．She put on three sweaters and heated hot water. B．She ran to a hill with her friends. C．She climbed onto a table and waited for help. D．She shared clean water with a kid. 24．What did He Tian do when the typhoon came? A．He stayed outside and enjoyed the wind. B．He stayed inside and closed the windows tightly. C．He ran to look for his friends. D．He opened the door and shouted for help. 25．What’s the main idea of the four passages? A．How to help others in danger. B．The ways to keep safe during an earthquake. C．The bad weather in different months. D．Four students’ experiences in different natural disasters. B Nowadays, we have many different kinds of technologies to protect us from different disasters. We can even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon, the flood and the earthquake, happen. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters. The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send things like food and water when a natural disaster happens. It’s often too dangerous for the rescue teams to get into the buildings. So they make the drone fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive. The drone is also a useful tool for firefighters to find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places in the world, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people who are in great need of it. Social media platforms (平台) are also useful when it comes to natural disasters. With their help, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations. Social media platforms are also places for up-to-date news, so people can learn what is going on in disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to donate (捐赠) money to help people in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to their normal life as soon as possible. For example, live streaming (直播) helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. Although these technologies can help us a lot when there is a natural disaster, we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 26．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Drones. B．The rescue teams. C．The people in disaster areas. D．The social media platforms. 27．The drone can help do the following things EXCEPT __________. A．send food and water to people when a natural disaster happens B．fly into dangerous buildings to search for people still alive C．help firefighters find and fight against wildfires D．take injured people quickly to safe places during disasters 28．Why does the writer mention live streaming? A．To show social media platforms can provide up-to-date news. B．To show people can know about coming disasters through social media platforms. C．To show social media platforms can help raise money after a disaster. D．To show people can tell others they are safe through social media platforms. 29．What is the correct structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 30．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．It tells us what to do when disasters come. B．It advises us to use social media platforms more often. C．It tells us how some technologies help people in disasters. D．It suggests that we should learn self-protection skills during disasters. C One Saturday Maria and I had a 30-mile bike ride. At 10:30 a.m., when we stopped for a rest, a cold wind came. That was when our perfect day began to change. By noon, we knew a big storm was moving our way. Dark clouds rolled up out of the southwest. There was no way to stay out of the storm. We would have to wait it out, but where? Then ▲ . The temperature fell suddenly. I looked up and saw the sky had now turned dark green. I looked around and saw no animals. Then a blue car stopped beside our bikes. The driver shouted, “Get in!” She looked afraid, and so did we. We did as she said. That was when the hail (冰雹) started. Ice, the size of golf balls, hit the windows of the car. She drove fast to the north. Maria and I looked back at the black sky. Maria cried, “Tornado (龙卷风)!” It was so close. We would never run faster than the tornado! The driver said, “There’s an overpass (桥) ahead. We’ll stay under it for protection.” When we parked, we jumped out of the car and ran to the wall of the overpass. Before I could count to 20, there came a loud noise. It sounded like a train passing overhead. Then, suddenly, it was over. We had made it! We were shaken but excited. What a story! 31．What was the writer doing on the day of the tornado? A．Resting at home. B．Playing outside. C．Driving a car. D．Riding a bike. 32．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．the storm stopped B．we found a safe place C．things got worse D．things began to get better 33．What happened first when the tornado began? A．The hail came suddenly. B．Dark clouds rolled up. C．The temperature fell. D．Animals hid themselves. 34．What is the right order of the story? ① The woman drove to the overpass. ② Maria and I had a bike ride. ③ A storm was moving our way. ④ Ice hit the windows of the car. ⑤ We got into a woman’s car. A．②③⑤④① B．②③①④⑤ C．③①②⑤④ D．③②①④⑤ 35．How did they feel when it was all over? A．Tired and nervous. B．Sad and painful. C．Afraid but excited. D．Worried but lucky. D 左栏是五种自然灾害的典型征兆，右栏是七种紧急避险措施，请为两者进行匹配并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 36 At first, the water in the cups was shaking. Then the whole house was shaking, I could hear some  strange breaking sounds from the walls. 37 I heard a strange sound outside my bedroom. When I got out, I found that the water had flooded the floor and was rising quickly. 38 Bright lightning appeared, and loud thunder came soon. The rain beat against the windows so loudly that it kept me awake all night. Also, the strong wind outside was so alarming. 39 The smoke in the forest was stronger and stronger. I could hear some animals shouting loudly from time to time. 40 Suddenly, I heard a loud noise when I was climbing the mountain. Then I saw the snow on the mountaintop start rolling down. A．You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock. B．Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away. C． You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends. D．You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops. E. You should drive slowly and turn on the tail lights of the car. And do not get close to the mountain area. F. You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants. G. Save water in our daily life, like taking shorter showers and reusing water. Try to stop wasting water. 四、选词填空 请阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词，并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。每词限用一次，有两个多余选项。 give      build       happy     we      happen    when quick     save        good      with     they      move The earthquake was strong and many buildings fell down. Some people were trapped under the broken 41 . But the rescue teams acted 42 . They worked day and night 43 people. Many people 44 food, clothes and money to the area. Months later, new houses were built. The people felt 45 again. A little girl said, “I want to be a doctor 46 I grow up. I want to help people in need like the doctors who helped 47 .” The story tells us that when a natural disaster 48 , people should stay calm and help each other. 49 help from all over the country, we can build a 50 life . 五、读写综合 A．回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题，并将答案写在答题卡对应的答题位置上。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 When 13-year-old Xiaonuan thinks back to Typhoon Gaemi (台风格美), her heart begins to beat faster. In July 2024, the typhoon came to her hometown, Zixing City in Hunan Province with heavy rain and strong winds. “I was sleeping when my parents woke me up at about 5 am,” Xiaonuan said. “The water had already run through the door. We had to climb out of a window on the second floor with a ladder (梯子).” The flood was terrible. It made her home fall down and washed away everything on the first floor. “I was so worried after the flood,” she said. “I was afraid that I would not be able to go on studying.” Xiaonuan’s teacher, Mei Zheng, saw the disaster, too. He watched the water rise quickly around Zhoumensi School. “The walls fell, and water rushed in,” he said. “Almost everything in the school was broken—the labs, the library and books. It made us very sad.” Typhoon Gaemi damaged 41 schools. However, there was hope. To start the new school year on time, 300 students and teachers from Zhoumensi School went to another school. “The students really like studying at the new school,” Mr. Mei said. They got many new school things from groups like UNICEF (联合国儿童基金会). With the help of people around her, Xiaonuan is back in class. She knows the typhoon broke their school, but it could not break their spirit. 51．When did the typhoon arrive in Xiaonuan’s hometown? __________________________________ 52．What happened to Xiaonuan’s home? __________________________________ 53．Why was Mei Zheng very sad? __________________________________ 54．Where did the students start the new school year on time? __________________________________ 55．How did UNICEF help the students? __________________________________ B．书面表达 56．茂名作为粤西沿海城市，常受台风影响。请你根据自身经历，运用避险知识，根据以下思维导图内容提示，向学校英文报刊的“How to Protect Ourselves During a Typhoon”栏目投稿。 参考词汇：the latest news最新消息；stay away from远离；coastal沿海的 注意：(1)不得照抄原文，不得在作文中出现真实校名和考生的真实姓名； (2)语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已给出，不计入总词数，也不必抄在答题卡上。 How to Protect Ourselves during a Typhoon Typhoons are common natural disasters in many coastal places. __________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $