专题1 (1)第3讲 词句猜测题—上下文中寻答案-【红对勾讲与练】2026年高考英语二轮复习讲义

第三讲词句猜测题一上下文中寻答案 名师支招》高效备考 考点揭秘 设问方式 选项特征 词句猜测题旨在考查在一定的语境 中对词义、上下文逻辑关系、句中的What does the underlined word正确选项特征：范围恰当、精准到位。 隐含意义或者句子成分的正确“”in paragraph...refer to? 干扰项特征：偷梁换柱、无中生有。 理解。 猜测词句类题目是高考阅读理解的常考题 [方法归纳] 型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语 语境法 根据所在句及其上下句或句组推断 或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需 代入法 将各选项代入句中看是否通顺 要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密 语法法 根据定义、同位语、冒号、破折号之 后的解释或说明推断 的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关 种 构词法 根据转化法、合成法和派生法（前缀、 的定义解释、提示词或者句子结构等，考生做题时 后缀)推断 要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文 因果 so,because等 意进行猜测。 转折 but,yet,however等 逻辑法 让步 though,although等 or.otherwise,while,instead, 对比 rather than,on the contrary on the other hand等 |考点1推断单词含义题一灵活运用“5法” [典题呈现](2025·全国一卷阅读B节选) As a new unit started,I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments,a personal- narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop,I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse ②原文关键词=题干关键词 topics and turned in stories,10 to 20 pages each,with characters that broadened my view and touched my 关键句 heart. ③根据语境法解题 根据画线句子可知，学生提交了10一20页的故事，角色拓宽了“我”的视野、触动了“我”的心。由此可知 这个结果应是正向的，amazing意为“（尤指好的）惊人的”，符合语境。故答案选 26.What does the underlined word "staggering"in paragraph 3 mean? ①题干关键词 设问方向：猜测单词意义 A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. 专题一 阅读理解 025 考点2推断短语含义题一灵活运用“5法” [典题呈现](2024·新课标I卷阅读C节选) When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful 关键句 when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print 关键句二 reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the ②原文关键词=题干关键词 main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text. ③根据语境法解题 由关键句可知，在阅读几百字的文本时，纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。再根据画线短语所 在句可知，当实验人员把任务从易（比如找到阅读文章的主旨）到难（需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断 出结论)推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显，也就是变得容易被人注意到(become easy to notice),故答案 选 28.What does the underlined phrase "shine through"in paragraph 2 mean? ①题干关键词 设问方向：猜测短语意义 A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. 考点3推断句子含义题—灵活运用“5法” 推断句子的含义通常需要考生猜测一个具有概括性的句子的意思，要求考生通过分析上下文语 境，理解句子表达的含义。考生在原文中找到该句，进行语法和逻辑关系分析，首先要理解句子前后的 语境，然后将句子的意思与语境相结合进行推断，做出选择。 [典题呈现](2019·浙江6月卷阅读B节选) Money with no strings attached.It's not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los ②原文关键句=题干关键句 Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can,Take What You Need.” 关键句 ③“意义吻合”定句意 一定位：根据题干关键句定位原文。 二分析：根据画线部分下文内容并结合木板上写的关键句可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取走的，并不 附带任何条件。 三归纳： 项“无条件提供的资金。”符合要求 24.What does the expression "Money with no strings attached"in paragraph 1 mean? ①题干关键句 设问方向：猜测句子意义 A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together. 026 红树勾讲与练·高三二轮英语 …方法归纳，… 定位 返回原文，定位画线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句 二分析 分析理解画线句前后语境，合理推断句意 三归纳 归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 考点4代词指代题—“就近原则”法 判断代词所指信息旨在考查考生根据上下文猜测代词的指代意义的能力。代词多是“it,that, he,him,those”等，可以指代上文提到的人或物，it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相 隔较远，要认真查找：有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的内容。 [典题呈现](2025·全国二卷阅读B节选) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any 关键句一 assignments;they express sympathy instead."I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,"Ho says."They ②原文关键词=题干关键词 think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork." 关键句二 ③“就近原则”找指代 一 、返回原文，找出考查的指代词位于第四段 二、搜索原文，画线词位于第四段第四句，t用来指代上下文提到的事情，根据画线词所在句的上一句和下 句可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，更多的是表示同情；而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他 们的学业。 三，代入原文，将关键句Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments带入原文，比对后得出答案。 四、确定答案，选 项。 26.What does the underlined word "it"refer to in paragraph 4? ①题干关键词 设问方向：判断代词所指信息 A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 方法归纳， “就近原则”找指代 一、返回原文 找出考查的指代词 二、原文搜索 找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子 三、代入原文 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词 四、确定答案 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入后与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案 专题一 阅读理解 027 学以致用》能力生成 (限时：15分钟) A the nearby areas and air travel,as the volcanic ash (2025·陕西名校二模) emissions can significantly impact flights over the The Great Sitkin Volcano,located on a remote island.As scientists continue to explore the causes island 23 miles northeast of Adak,has been of its eruptions,their findings are not only erupting since July 2021.Scientists have recently important for us to have a sort of concept of what discovered the reason behind the yearslong makes this volcano tick,but also upgrade our eruption,which helps them assess the volcano's capacity to deal with natural disasters. potential risks more accurately. 1.What could be the significance of the recent "The Great Sitkin Volcano had shown signs of discovery？ unrest for four years before it finally erupted an ash A.It aids in assessing the risks of volcano cloud followed by thick lava(熔岩)in2021,” eruptions. according to Matthew Haney,a chief scientist at the B.It reduces the intensity of volcano eruptions. Alaska Volcano Observatory,who noted its unusual C.It explains the volcano's past inactivity. pattern of frequent earthquakes leading up to the D.It improves monitoring of volcanic material. eruption.Haney and his team created a 3D model 2.How did scientists create a model of the volcano? of the volcano,revealing its magma plumbing A.By using satellite imagery to monitor system(岩浆通道系统).The model identified eruptions. two magma reservoirs beneath the volcano as the B.By conducting deep-sea scans around the island. source of the eruption and it also displays the C.By measuring the heat levels in magma pathway to the magma eruptions. reservoirs. The study was a collaborative effort involving D.By combining seismic data with surrounding scientists from Purdue University,the Carnegie sounds Institution for Science,and the Alaska Volcano 3.Which method is mentioned to monitor the Observatory.They combined earthquake data with Great Sitkin Volcano's eruption? surrounding sounds from the island,such as ocean A.Observing lava flows with drones. waves and storms."This innovative method is B.Collecting data from seismic sensors. similar to performing an internal scan of the Earth,”Haney said. C.Measuring volcanic ash emissions manually. The Great Sitkin Volcano is currently leaking D.Analyzing magma reservoirs with orbiting satellites. lava and forming a lava dome,which is common 4.What does the underlined part in the last for Alaskan volcanoes.Scientists are not sure how long it'll continue to erupt,but the Alaska Volcano paragraph probably mean? 高考新思维三推断句子含义 Observatory is closely monitoring the eruption using various approaches,including local seismic A.The timing of the volcano's activities. )sensors,satellite data,and other technologies. B.The unique sound the volcano produces. The study of the Great Sitkin Volcano helps C.The reason behind the volcano's eruption. scientists predict the risks the eruption could pose to D.The risks posed by the volcano to nearby areas. 028 红树勾讲与练·高三二轮英语 知识胶囊 ■■■语料积累 单词积累·eruption n.喷发unrest n.动荡revealv.展现data n.数据approach.方法predictv.预测capacity n.能力 熟词生义·monitor[熟义]n.显示器：班长[生义]（文义）.监测 词块积累·lead up to导致，引起combine..with.将…与…结合be similar to与…相似 难句分析·[原句]第四段第二句。 [分析]这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。第一分句结构为主谓宾，连接副词how long引导宾语从句：第二分句结 构为主谓宾，分词短语“using various approaches'”作方式状语。 [翻译]科学家们不确定它还会持续喷发多久，但阿拉斯加火山观测站正在使用多种方法密切监测喷发，包括当地地 震传感器、卫星数据和其他技术。 B “Hycean”planet-a type of world with a deep (外刊时文原创题) ocean and a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.The air on Scientists have found further evidence that the K2-18b seems to contain more than 10 parts per exoplanet K2-18b may support life.This planet, million of DMS or DMDS,which is much more nearly nine times heavier than Earth,circles in the than Earth's level of less than one part per billion. "habitable zone"of a star about 120 light years Earlier theories had predicted that these gases could away from us. be common on Hycean planets,so this finding is in In 2023,researchers using NASA's James line with what was predicted. Webb Space Telescope (JWST)found signs of a Madhusudhan and his team aren't claiming to gas called dimethyl sulfide (DMS)in K2-18b's have detected alien life;they say that more research atmosphere.On Earth,DMS is mostly made by is needed to confirm and extend their living things,especially ocean microbes like findings.Some scientists are more cautious.Chris phytoplankton,which makes it a potential Lintott,an astronomer from Oxford,pointed out biosignature-a sign that life may be present. that the evidence is not strong enough to be called However,the 2023 discovery wasn't scientific proof. corroborated.The DMS signal was weak and only Detecting signs of alien life is a tricky found using two of JWST's instruments.Now,in a business,and confirming them is even tougher.So new study,scientists have looked again using a we should expect the debate,and the data third tool on the telescope-the Mid-Infrared collection,to continue. Instrument (MIRI).This device measures different 5.What is the main focus of the passage? wavelengths of light and gave a second reading that A.How life began on Earth. also shows a strong signal of DMS,or a similar gas B.A new planet's climate system. called dimethyl disulfide (DMDS),which may C.The success of the JWST mission. also come from life."This is independent proof D.Evidence that may suggest alien life. using a different method and part of the light 6.Why is the detection of DMS or DMDS on K2- spectrum,"said Nikku Madhusudhan,the lead 18b potentially groundbreaking? scientist from Cambridge University."The signal A.It might be a sign of biological activity was strong and clear.” B.It suggests the presence of a diverse ecosystem. Based on its size and other characteristics, C.It indicates a highly active atmosphere on the astronomers suspect that K2-18b may be a planet. 专题一 阅读理解 029 D.It confirms that the planet has an Earth-like 8.Given the current situation,what is most likely environment. to happen next? 7.What does the underlined word "corroborated"in 高考新思维一推断后续内容 paragraph 3 most likely mean? A.A new type of telescope will be invented. A.Explained in detail. B.The discovery will be universally accepted. B.Challenged with doubt. C.More data collection and debates will occur. C.Confirmed with evidence. D.Scientists will research planets near K2-18b. D.Repeated without change. 知识胶囊 ■■语料积累 单词积累·astronomer n.天文学家detect v.发现extend v.延伸；扩展 熟词生义·reading[熟义]n.阅读[生义]（文义）n.(仪表的)读数tricky[熟义]ad.狡猾的[生义]（文义）ad.复杂的； 难处理的 构词积累·①派生词：scientific adj.科学的proof n.证明 ②合成类：exoplanet n.系外行星light year n.光年biosignaturen.生物标志物wavelength n.波长hydrogen- rich ad山.富含氢气的 词块积累·in line with与…一致 难句分析·[原句]第四段最后一句。 [分析]这是一个并列句，由并列连词so连接的两个并列分句组成。第一个分句是复合句，其中that these gases could be common on Hycean planets是宾语从句。第二个分句也是复合句，其中what was predicted是宾语从句。 [翻译]早期理论曾预测这些气体可能在“水洋”行星上普遍存在，因此这一发现与预测相符。 学习至此》请完成专题强化训练③ 第四讲主旨大意题一提取主干细归纳 名师支招》高效备考 考点揭秘 设问方式 选项特征 通过阅读文章获取文章主旨，推断文章主 What might be the best title for the text? 正确选项特征：概括性强 题、标题、段落大意或中心思想，考查归纳 What is paragraph...mainly about? 范围恰当、精准到位。 概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能 What is the main idea of this passage? 干扰项特征：概括过度、以 力。此题目可以分为三大类：段落大意 What does this passage want to convey? 偏概全。 题、标题归纳题和文章大意题。 考点1段落大意题—巧用“2法” 段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳 段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 [典题呈现](2025·全国二卷阅读D节选) It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage Instead,all the ingredients (used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants 030 ?勾讲与练·高三二轮英语B 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。 2025年1月创下全球历史最高温，科学 家担忧气候变化加剧，《巴黎协定》的目 标逐渐远离现实。 5.D 推理判新题。根据文章第二段中 "With El Nino fading by late 2024, many expected a slight cooling,espe- cially as Earth entered the cooler La Nina phase.”可知，文章明确指出随着 2024年底厄尔尼诺现象的消退，特别 是当地球进入较冷的拉尼娜阶段时， 许多人预期会有轻微降温。故选D。 6.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段中 "The main driver of these record-break- ing temperatures is the accumulation of greenhouse gases,mainly from fossil fuel buming and deforestation”可知，破 纪录温度的主要驱动因素是温室气体 的积累，主要来自化石燃料燃烧和森 林砍伐。选项A“减少的空气污染”、 选项B“增加的太阳能”和选项C“厄 尔尼诺现象”都不是主要原因。故 选D, 7.A细节理解题。根据文章第四段中 "With lower pollution levels,fewer clouds are forming over the ocean,allo- wing more solar energy to be absorbed by the Earth.”可知，文章直接关联“污 染减少”与“云层减少”，污染水平降低 时，海洋上空形成的云层减少，使得地 球能够吸收更多的太阳能。故选A。 8.C推理判断题。文章未段提到《巴黎 协定》中大多数国家同意将全球变暖 限制在2℃以内，理想情况是控制在 1.5℃以内，但随着化石燃料排放的持 续，这个目标越来越难以实现，所以作 者提及《巴黎协定》是为了强调在限制 全球变暖方面面临的挑战。故选C。 第三讲词句猜测题 上下文中寻答案 考点1 [典题呈现]26.B 考点2 [典题呈现]28.D 考点3 [典题呈现]24.C 考点4 [典题呈现]26.C 》学以致用·能力生成《 A 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文 章介绍了科学家通过研究发现大锡特金 火山持续喷发的原因，这有助于科学家 预测火山喷发可能对附近地区和航空旅 行造成的风险。 l.A细节理解题。根据第一段“Scien tists have recently c discovered...risks 3062对勾讲与练·高三二轮英语 more accurately.”可知，最近的发现的 意义在于有助于评估火山喷发的风 险。故选A。 2.D细节理解题。根据第三段“They combined earthquake data...ocean waves and storms.”可知，科学家们是通过将 地震数据与周围的声音结合起来创建 火山模型的。故选D。 3.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Scien- tists are not..and other technologies." 知，监测大锡特金火山喷发的方法之 一是从地震传感器收集数据。故选B。 4.C词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The study..impact flights over the island." 可推知，画线部分所在句意为：随着科 学家们继续探索火山喷发的原因，他 们的发现不仅有助于我们了解火山喷 发的原因，还能提高我们应对自然灾 害的能力。由此可知，画线部分what makes this volcano tick意为“火山喷发 的原因”。故选C。 B 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文 章介绍了科学家在系外行星K2-18b大 气中发现可能由生命产生的气体DMS/ DMDS,为地外生命存在提供新证据，但 需进一步研究验证 5.D主旨大意题。文章围绕K2-18b这 颗系外行星展开，重点讨论科学家在 其大气中检测到二甲基硫醚(DMS)和 二甲基二硫醚(DMDS),这些气体在 地球上主要由生物（如浮游植物）产 生，说明这些气体可能是生命存在的 潜在证据（生物标志物），并讨论其科 学意义及争议。因此，文章的核心是 “可能的外星生命证据”。故选D。 6.A推理判断题。文章第二段明确指 出，DMS在地球上主要由生物（如海洋 微生物)产生，因此它被视为潜在的生 物标志物，即可能暗示生命存在。并 且第四段提到，K2-18b大气中DMS/ DMDS浓度远超地球，符合“Hycean行 星”(“水洋”行星)的理论预测，进一步 支持其可能适合生命。故选A。 7.C词句猜测题。原文提到，2023年的 DMS信号“未被corroborated”,接着说 明当时DMS信号弱且仅由两种仪器 检测到，但新研究使用第三种仪器 (MRI)独立验证了DMS/DMDS信 号，说明“corroborated”指“用证据确 认”。故选C。 8.C推理判断题。文章最后两段提到， 科学家们并没有立即断言发现了外星 生命，而是表示这些发现还需要进一 步的研究和验证。虽然使用了第三种 工具MRI,提供了更强的信号，但这些 发现还没有足够的证据支持最终结 论。因此，接下来的步骤很可能是继 续收集数据、进一步研究，并围绕这些 数据展开讨论和辩论。故选C。 第四讲主旨大意题 提取主千细归纳 考点1 [典题呈现]34.C 考点2 [典题呈现]31.B 考点3 [典题呈现]31.A 》学以致用·能力生成《 A 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文 章主要讲述了农业中的人工智能应用。 1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“One industry heavily involved...while reduc- ing environment-harming chemicals." 可知，人工智能帮助农民节省时间和 金钱，有助于低成本农业。故选C。 2.A细节理解题。根据第二段中“It created a robot...identify all plants on a fam.”以及第四段中“The system. and chemically kill only weeds.”可知， 两家公司的产品都使用了识别技术。 故选A。 3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Ben Chostner..‘The first time..and now it's an expert in pigweed.,”可知， Ben Chostner的话表明这个机器人有 学习能力。故选B。 4.C主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根 据第一段中“One industry heavily in- volved in researching and developing ar- tificial intelligence,or AI,is agricul- tue.”可知，本文主要讲述了农业中的 人工智能应用。故选C。 B 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章介绍了坦桑尼亚通过世界粮食计划 署支持的学校餐饮计划和“钥匙孔”种植 法，提高了农民的收入，改善了营养不良 问题，提高了学生的学业成绩。 5.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 "It's an efficient way to grow crops be- cause it uses little water and better resists pests.”可知，“钥匙孔”种植法因耗水 量少且抗虫害性强而高效。未提及干 扰项中种子或土壤需求减少，选项B、 C不符：选项D“向日葵增产”与文中 蔬菜种植的语境不符。故选A。 6.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段中 “malnutrition(营养不良)remains a major issue in Tanzania,with 35%of children under five experiencing stun- ing..Chronic(慢性的)malnutrition af fects40%of children”可知，营养不良 是主要问题，35%的五岁以下儿童发育 迟缓，40%儿童长期营养不良，印证了 儿童营养不良的普遍性。故选C。