Unit 8 Making a Difference Section B 知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语导学案围绕Unit 8 Section B “How does helping others make a difference？”展开，核心涵盖23个重点单词、36个短语及12个语法考点，通过志愿者活动等真实情境导入，连接“帮助他人”相关词汇与表达，搭建从基础词汇到语篇应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于考点精讲结合语境解析词汇用法（如success的词性转换），提升语言能力，过关检测设计完形填空、阅读理解等语篇题型，培养思维品质，主题贴近生活，增强学生社会责任感与文化意识，助力高效掌握知识与应用能力。

Unit 8 Making a Difference Section B How does helping others make a difference？知识点 一、单元词汇 单词 Section B 1. n. 女士，淑女 2. n. 先生，君子 pl. 3. n. 狗叫声 v.(狗）吠叫 4. n. 成年人 adj.成年人的，成熟的 5. adj.失踪的，丢失的 6. adj.实用的，实际的 7. adj.救命的，救生的 8. n.团队合作 9. adj. 成功的，有成就的 10. n. 重要作用，价值 11. adj.自愿的，无偿的 12. adj.平凡的，普通的 13. adj.值得，有价值 14. n.听众，观众 15. adj.乐意的，愿意的 16. n.成功 17. adj. (尤指家庭中两个成员）年纪较长的 18. v. 捐赠，赠送 19. n. 口袋 20. n.努力，艰难尝试 21. n. 才能，天赋，天才 22. n.女士，夫人 23. n. 广告，启示 短语 Section B 1. 穿着蓝色衣服 2. 头部严重受伤 3. 报名 4. 拨打紧急号码 5. 自从，自...以后 6. 保持安全，保证安全 7. 为...作准备 8. 医疗救助，医疗援助 9. 寻找，搜寻 10. 失踪人口 11. 自然灾害 12. 团队合作的力量 13. 最主要的是 14. 每个生命的价值 15. 乐意做某事 16. 处于危险中 17. 充满力量 18. 忙碌的 19. 处于贫困中，生活困难 20. 寻找，寻求 21. 有一个清晰的目标 22. 坚持 23. 创造一个更美好的未来 24. 一周一次 25. 两年前 26. 提供帮助，提供援助 27. 捐赠零花钱 28. 分发 29. 值得付出努力；值得费心 30. 执行；实施 31. 通晓，熟悉 32. 擅长表达你自己 33. 教孩子生活技能 34. 多久一次 35. 组织每周的活动 36. 以志愿者的身份加入我们 二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲 Section B 【考点1】After some time, we heard dogs barking and the voices of Blue Sky Rescue team. 【解析】 bark 的用法： 作动词，过去式/过去分词：barked 现在分词：barking ①（狗）吠叫 bark at sth./sb. 朝...吠叫 The dog suddenly started barking at us.狗对我们汪汪叫。 ②厉声发问，厉声质问 “Who are you？”he barked. 你是谁？他厉声问道。 作名词， ①树皮（不可数名词） ②狗叫声，犬吠（可数名词） We heard a bark from the garden. 我们听到花园里传来一声狗叫。 【考点2】I signed up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009，and I’ve been a volunteer ever since. 【解析】 1.sign up 的用法： 报名，注册。核心意思是：  通过填写表格、签署文件或在线操作，正式加入某个组织、活动、服务。 主要用在以下场景： 注册服务：注册网站、应用程序、会员等。 报名课程/活动：报名参加课程、健身房、研讨会、旅行等。 报名参加：报名参军、报名参加志愿活动等。 签署协议：签署一份协议或合同。 常见搭配： ①sign up + for + [具体事物/活动]，表示“报名参加某个具体的课程、活动、服务”。 I want to sign up for a Spanish class.我想报名参加一个西班牙语课程。 ②sign up + with + [公司/组织]，表示“在某个公司或组织注册”。 We signed up with a new internet provider.我们注册了一家新的网络服务提供商。 ③sign up + to + [动词原形]表示“报名去做某事”，后面接具体的动作。 He signed up to volunteer at the local animal shelter.他报名去当地的动物收容所做志愿者。 ④sign up + 宾语，也可单独用。表示“招收或登记某人”。 The army is trying to sign up more young people.军队正试图招募更多年轻人。 The course looks great. =Are you going to sign up?这个课程看起来很棒。你打算报名吗？ 名词形式：sign-up 中间有连字符，报名，签约，雇佣 The sign-up fee for the gym is $50.健身房的注册费是50美元。 【考点3】We have been to schools and communities to teach children and adults how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. 【解析】 adult的用法： 作名词，成年人，成人，成年动物 可数名词，复数形式：adults。  Adults should set a good example for children.成年人应该给孩子树立好榜样。 作形容词，成年的，发育成熟的。 An adult elephant can weigh over 5,000 kg. 一头成年大象的体重可以超过5000公斤。 【考点4】We have provided medical aid and searching for missing people after natural disasters. 【解析】 missing 的用法： 作形容词，找不到的，不在的，丢失的，失踪的 The police are searching for the missing child. 警方正在搜寻那名失踪儿童。 I can't find my keys; they're missing. 我找不到我的钥匙了，它们丢了。 One of the pages in the book is missing. 这本书缺了一页。 【考点5】because it is the key to successful rescues. 【解析】 1.key的用法： （1）作名词 ①钥匙 可数名词 the spare key to the front door 前门的备用钥匙 ②关键，要诀 key to sth./doing sth. （做）某事的关键 The key to success is preparation. 成功的关键是做好准备。 The key to solving the crime is education. 解决犯罪的关键是教育。 ③（计算机或乐器上的）键 press the key 按下按键 （2） 作动词，用键盘输入，键入 Key your password.请用键盘输入秘密。 （3） 作形容词，最重要的，关键的，主要的 She played a key role in the in the movement. 在这场运动中，她发挥了重要作用。 2. successful 作形容词，成功的，有成效的。 比较级：more successful 最高级: the most successful They were successful in solving the problem.他们成功解决了这个问题。 单词变形： 名词形式：success ①成功，胜利，成名 （不可数），指成功的人或事情时为可数名词 success in sth./doing sth. They did not have much success in life. 他们一生没多大成功。 Hard work leads to success.努力终将带来成功。 ②指成功的人或事情，为可数名词 The party was a big success. 聚会很成功。 动词形式：succeed 成功，达成 常见搭配：succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 She succeeded in passing the exam.她成功通过了考试。 副词形式：successfully 成功地，有成就地 They finished the project successfully.他们成功完成了项目。 【考点6】Most of all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of every life. 【解析】 value 的用法： 作名词， ①价值，指某物在金钱上的价值 This car has lost 50% of its value in two years. 这辆车在两年内贬值了50%。 ②重要性，重要作用，意义。指某物在用途、重要性或益处方面的价值。 the value of sth.  ....的重要性 be of great/little/no value to sb. 对某人有很大价值/很小的价值/没有价值 He doesn't understand the value of hard work. 他不理解努力工作的价值。 The research has little practical value. 这项研究几乎没有实用价值。 ③价值观，价值观念 指个人或群体认为重要的原则或标准,此意通常用复数形式 values。 a return to traditional values 传统价值观的回归 作动词， ①给...估价，给...定价 The jeweller valued the ring at £2,000. 珠宝商给这枚戒指估价为2000英镑。 ②重视，珍视，真爱 I really value your advice. 我非常重视你的建议。 单词变形： valuable 形容词，贵重的，有价值的 valueless 形容词，没有价值的，无用的 【考点7】And that makes everything we do worth it. 【解析】 worth 的用法： 作形容词，值得，有价值的，表语形容词，即只能作表语，不能作定语。 ①值...钱，有...价值 Our house is worth about 10,0000 dollars. 我们的房子价值10万美元。 How much is this painting worth？这幅画值多少钱？ ②值得做某事， 常见搭配：be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The movie is worth watching twice. 这部电影值得看两遍。 【考点8】full of energy and always on the go. 【解析】 1.energy 的用法： ①精力，活力，干劲, 指人或动物身体和精神上从事活动的能力，不可数名词。 After a good night's sleep, I have more energy.睡了一晚好觉后，我精力更充沛了。 ②精力，力量，指一个人为达成某事而投入的精神或体力努力。可数名词，复数形式：energies。 She devoted all her energies to the care of her sick father.她将全部精力投入到照顾生病的父亲上。 ③能源，能量，指使物体工作的物理能力，如电力、热能、光能等，不可数名词 We need to use energy sources like solar and wind energy.我们需要用新能源，如太阳能和风能。 2.on the go的核心意思是 “持续在移动、在忙碌的状态中”。它描述的是一种活跃、不停歇、充满活动的状态。 ① 忙碌；东奔西跑 She's always on the go from morning till night.她从早到晚都忙个不停。 ②在移动中；在路途中 It's a great city for people on the go.对于经常在外奔波的人来说，这是个很棒的城市。 【考点9】be worth the effort 【解析】 effort的用法： 名词，努力，气力，尽力。既可用作不可数名词，也可用作可数名词，其用法取决于所表达的具体含义 （泛指）努力，气力； 此时为不可数名词。当泛指花费体力或脑力时，为不可数名词。 Learning a language requires a lot of effort.学习一门语言需要付出很多努力。 He lifted the heavy box without much effort.他没费多大力气就提起了那个重箱子。 Thank you for all your time and effort.感谢你付出的所有时间和努力。 （一次）努力，尝试；此时为可数名词。即当指一次具体的尝试或努力的行为时，为可数名词。 We made every effort to finish on time.我们尽了一切努力按时完成。 Her efforts to improve her health were successful.她为改善健康所做的努力成功了。 My first effort at a novel was refused by publishers.我写小说的第一次尝试被出版商拒绝了。 常见搭配： make an effort （to do sth.） 努力（去做某事） He didn't make any effort to help us.他根本没有尽力帮助我们。 take effort  需要付出努力 Building a good relationship takes effort.建立良好的关系需要努力。 put effort into sth. 在……上投入精力 She puts a lot of effort into her work. spare no effort 不遗余力 We will spare no effort to find the truth.我们将不遗余力地查明真相。 【考点10】Take the students on a tour of your hometown. 【解析】 tour的用法： （1）作名词，tour 指一次具体的旅行或巡回活动，是可数名词。 ①（观光）旅行，旅游。指以游览、参观为目的的旅行。 He's on a tour of Europe.他正在欧洲旅游。 ②巡回演出/比赛/访问 The band is on a world tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队正在进行世界巡回演唱会来宣传他们的新专辑。 （2）作动词，过去式/过去分词：toured 在……旅行；周游；作巡回演出 They spent the summer touring the Greek islands.他们整个夏天都在希腊诸岛旅游。 （3）单词变形： tourist 名词，意为“旅游者，观光者” The city is full of tourists in the summer.夏天这个城市到处都是游客。 tourism 名词，意为“旅游业” Tourism is the main industry of the country.旅游业是这个国家的主要产业。 touristy 形容词，意为“吸引很多游客的，游客泛滥的” Let's avoid the touristy areas and find a local restaurant.我们避开游客扎堆的地方，找一家本地餐馆吧。 【考点11】We’d love to know more about you，your skills and your talents，and your experience as a youth volunteer. 【解析】 talent的用法： （1）作名词 ① （泛指）天赋，才能 - 不可数名词 She has a lot of natural talent for music.她在音乐方面很有天赋。 ②（某种具体的）才能，本领 - 可数名词 当指一个人所拥有的某一项或多项具体才能时，通常用复数形式 talents。 He is a man of many talents.他是一个多才多艺的人。 ③人才；有才能的人们，指一群有才能的人，作为一个整体概念，不可数。 There is a wealth of young talent in the company.公司里有大量的青年才俊。 ④（某个领域的）人才；有才能的人 - 可数名词，指一个具体的有才能的人。 She is a major talent in the fashion industry.她是时装界的杰出人才。 单词变形： talented  形容词，意为“有天赋的，有才干的” ①talented in + [领域/学科]/doing sth. She is talented in music and art.她在音乐和艺术方面很有天赋。 ②talented at + [具体活动/动名词]后接一个更具体的活动或技能，常接动词的 -ing 形式 He's very talented at playing the piano.他非常有弹钢琴的天赋。 【考点12】I saw your advertisement 【解析】 advertisement的用法： 作名词 广告，可数名词，可缩写成ad. 或 advert. I saw an advertisement for your company in the newspaper.我在报纸上看到了你们公司的广告。 place/put an advertisement 刊登广告 单词变形： advertise ，做广告，宣传 过去式/过去分词：advertised 现在分词:advertising We need to advertise the product more widely.我们需要更广泛地为这个产品做广告。 advertising - 名词，意为“广告业；广告活动（总称）”，通常作不可数名词。 She works in advertising.她从事广告业。 过关检测 一.单项选择 1.---How long has she _____ as a volunteer at the animal shelter? --- For over two years. She really loves helping homeless pets. A. volunteered B. been volunteering C. volunteer D. volunteering 2.--- Look! The girl _____ is our new classmate. She just joined the school volunteer club. --- Oh, I see. She looks friendly in that color. A. wears red B. dressed red C. in red D. puts on red 3. In the training course, the teacher taught us some _____ skills, like how to give first aid and communicate with the elderly. A. practical B. proper C. creative D. polite 4. My brother _____ his lost student ID card everywhere in the house this morning. He needs it for the school activity. A. searched B. searched for C. looked D. found 5. Many students take part in _____ work at the community center on weekends. They don’t get any money but feel happy to help the elderly and children A. voluntary B. valuable C. necessary D. interesting 6. Our class organized a _____ charity sale last weekend. We raised over 2,000 yuan for the children in poor areas and got much praise from the school. A. successful B. similar C. primary D. meaningless 7.--- I’m thinking about joining the school’s environmental protection team. Is it really helpful? ---It’s _____ , you’ll learn how to reduce waste and make a difference to our planet. A. worth joining B. worth to join C. worthy to joining D. worthwhile join 8.---The school volunteer team often collects books to help children _____. --- That’s so kind! Those children really need these things to continue their studies. A.in fact B. in trouble C. in danger D. in need 9. After a long and tiring day at work, I don't have the ______ to go to the gym. A. power B. energy C. force D.skills 10.--- _____ do you take part in the community activities to help the elderly? -- Once a month. I always make time for it on weekends. A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon 二. 单词填空 1.The charity organization put up several ______ (广告) to ask for donations for children in need. 2.Lisa has a _______ (天资，天赋) for music. She often sings at charity events and brings joy to children in need. 3.He made an _______ (努力，艰难的尝试) to practice his spoken English so that he could help foreign visitors in the community. 4. That song sounds __________（熟悉的）to me. I think I've heard it somewhere before. 5.Her _______ (年长的) sister is a volunteer at the community service center and often teaches kids painting. 6. She took a note out of her back __________（口袋） to pay for the coffee. 7.After years of hard work, she finally achieved a great ______ （成功）in her career. 8.The singer felt a little nervous when she stood in front of the _______ (观众) at the charity party 9.An ______ (成年人) should take responsibility for their own actions and choices. 10.At the school party, two ______ (先生) helped the teachers carry the musical instruments. 三.完形填空 Last month, our class volunteered at a local nursing home. I was a little nervous at first. I didn't know what to (1)______ or if the elderly residents（居民)would like us. When we arrived, the activity director warmly (2)______ us and explained our tasks. Some students were supposed to read newspapers to the residents, others were going to play board games with them. My friend Lisa and I were assigned(分配)to talk with Mrs. Green, a (3)______ in her eighties. We sat with her in the sunny common room. We started a (4)______ about her childhood. Her eyes lit up as she told us stories about her life. She shared old photos and (5)______ what the world was like fifty years ago. Then, we helped her water the small plants on her windowsill. She taught us the names of each flower and how to care for them. Time (6)______ so quickly, and before we knew it, it was time to leave. We said goodbye to Mrs. Green, who held our hands and said, "Thank you for your (7)______. You brought so much (8)______ to my day." On the bus back to school, the classroom was not noisy as usual. Everyone was quiet, reflecting(反思,思考)about the experience. I didn't just feel tired; I felt a deep sense of satisfaction. I realized that we didn't just give our time that day; we received (9)______ in return—wisdom, stories, and gratitude. A simple act of kindness can (10)______ someone's day and enrich your own life in ways you never expected. 1. A. expect B. pretend C. remember D. forget 2. A. thanked B. refused C. greeted D. questioned 3. A gentleman B man C.girl D.lady 4. A. conversation B. fight C. lesson D. meeting 5. A. changed B. provided C. interviewed D. described 6. A. flew B. walked C. stopped D. waited 7. A. company B. money C. advice D. information 8. A. anger B. sadness C. worries D. joy 9. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything 10 A. waste B. brighten C. forget D. press 四.阅读理解 A Some people have a very poor sense of direction. Unluckily, I am one of them. I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time. When I was a little girl, I never dared ask strangers the way. And so I used to walk round in circles and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to. Now, I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions, but I often receive helpless or even wrong information. So I try to avoid giving people wrong directions. If anyone ever asks me the way somewhere, I always say, "Sorry, I am a stranger here." Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man. He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building. I gave him my usual reply. But just as I walked on only a few steps, I realized that he had asked the way to my office building. However, I had no time to turn back and look for him. I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn't want to keep him waiting. When I just got to my office, the secretary（秘书） showed in the man who had asked me for directions. Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the first sight! 1. The writer always refuses to give people directions because  . A. she's a stranger to the city B. she doesn't know the people C. she has no time to help others D. she's afraid of giving wrong direction 2. A man stopped the writer on the way to  . A. sell her something B. ask for the time C. make friends with her D. ask for the direction 3. The Friendship Building is the place where the writer  . A. lives B. studies C. works D. teaches 4. The word "embarrassed" in the last paragraph means "  ". A. 尴尬 B. 困惑 C. 激动 D. 拮据 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The writer is too shy to give. B. The writer has a very poor sense of direction. C. The writer never got lost when she was young. D. The man was quite nervous. B We often think that charity is about donating large sums of money, but my experience taught me that even the smallest actions can create an effect. Last year, my classmates and I decided to volunteer at a local soup kitchen every Saturday. Our main task was to help prepare and serve hot meals to people in need. At first, I was simply focused on the tasks: chopping vegetables, washing dishes, and wiping down tables. I saw it as a duty. However, my opinions changed completely one rainy afternoon. An elderly man, after receiving his meal, looked me directly in the eyes and said with a sincere smile, "Thank you. Not just for the food, but for the kindness. It reminds me that people still care."That simple comment struck me deeply. I realized we weren't just serving food; we were serving dignity(尊严), warmth, and human connection. The food might satisfy hunger for a few hours, but the sense of community and hope could last much longer. Inspired by this, our group wanted to do more. We started a "Book Buddy" drive at school, collecting books for the children who came to the shelter with their parents. The joy on a child's face when they received a book was just as powerful as the gratitude (感恩)from the adults. Our small actions grew as more students and teachers joined in, donating books and their time to read to the children. This journey taught me a valuable lesson: charity is not measured by the amount you give, but by the impact(影响)you make. A single act of kindness, like a pebble(小石头)thrown into a pond, can create ripples(水纹) that extend far beyond what you can see. It's about starting somewhere, no matter how small, and letting compassion guide the way. 1.What was the author's main task at the soup kitchen? A. Donating money. B. Collecting books for children. C. Preparing and serving food. D. Reading to the elderly. 2.What caused the change in the author's opinion? A. The difficult working conditions. B. A sincere thank you from an elderly man. C. The encouragement from his classmates. D. Deciding to start a book drive. 3.According to the passage, what did the author realize they were truly serving? A. Only hot meals. B. Dignity, warmth, and human connection. C. A sense of duty. D. Their own community service requirement. 4.What was the "Book Buddy" drive? A. A program to teach children how to read. B. An action to collect and donate books for children at the shelter. C. A project to build a library at the soup kitchen. D. A system for students to borrow books from each other. 5.What is the main lesson the author learned about charity? A. It requires a lot of money to be effective. B. It is best done by adults, not students. C. It is measured by the impact, not the amount. D. It should always be organized as a large event. 参考答案 短语 1.in blue 2. a bad head injury 3.sign up 4.call an emergency number 5.ever since 6.stay safe 7.prepare for 8.medical aid 9.search for 10.missing people 11.natural disasters 12.the power of teamwork 13.most of all 14.the value of every life.15.be willing to do sth. 16. in danger 17.full of energy 18.on the go 19.in need 20.look for 21.have a clear goal 22.stick to 23.create a better future 24.once a week 25.two years ago 26.provide aid 27.donate pocket money 28.hand out 29.be worth the effort 30.carry out 31.be familiar with 32.be good at expressing yourself 33.teach children life skills 34.how often 35.organize weekly activities 36.join us as a volunteer 过关检测 一. 单项选择 1-5 ACABA 6-10AADBA 二. 单词填空 1.advertisements 2.talent 3.effort 4.familiar 5.elder 6.pocket 7.success 8. audience 9.adult 10.gentlemen 三. 完形填空 1-5 ACDAD 6-10AADCB 四.阅读理解 A 篇 1-5 DDCAB B 篇 6-10 CBBBC ( 1 / 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $