命题大赛 山东省青岛市城阳区2025-2026学年高一英语下学期期末测试（外研版必修三）

**基本信息** 聚焦真实情境与思维发展，涵盖慈善义卖、登山励志、救灾机器人、利他主义研究等主题，通过细节理解、推理判断等题型考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（第一节）|15小题/37.5分|细节理解（如第1题地点）、推理判断（第2题俱乐部特点）、主旨大意（第3题目的）、词义猜测（第6题“unyielding”）|素材具时代性，含科技前沿（RoboBees）、成长叙事（登山经历）、社会公益（慈善义卖）；问题设计层次分明，考查信息提取与逻辑推理，适配高一期末语言能力与思维品质评估需求。|

山东省青岛市城阳区高一英语下学期期末测试（外研版必修三） （答案及解析） 第1题：细节题 考查能力：获取并整合具体信息的能力（图文互证）。 答案依据：C。图片海报中明确标注了"Venue: School Stadium"。 干扰项设计思路： A项：利用文字中第二段的"Room 302"设置干扰，这是社团日常开会的地方，而非售卖会地点。 B项：利用文字中最后一段的"school website"设置干扰，这是提交申请表的地方。 D项：利用常识或相似词汇设置干扰，文中未提及school square。 难度等级：易。学生需习惯从文字转向图片寻找特定细节信息。 第2题：推理题 考查能力：根据文本和图片线索进行逻辑推断的能力。 答案依据：A。文字第二段提到售卖会是为了给乡村儿童"raise money"，第三段提到购买艺术品是"directly helping a child's artistic dream"，且图片底部明确写着"All profits go to buying art supplies for village schools"，由此可推断该社团/活动不以盈利为目的，而是侧重慈善。 干扰项设计思路： B项：与第一段"regardless of your skill level"和"welcoming space for everyone"直接矛盾。 C项：与第二段"Normally, we meet every Friday afternoon in Room 302... However, this month..."逻辑矛盾，通常是在教室内，校外是本月的特例。 D项：偷换概念，文中说是筹款去买，而非社团直接免费提供现有的用品。 难度等级：中。需要学生综合全文及图片的关键信息，跨越字面意思得出结论。 第3题：主旨题 考查能力：概括主旨要义和理解作者写作意图的能力。 答案依据：B。文章首段引入社团，第二段引出本月的慈善艺术售卖活动，第三段阐述活动的慈善意义，第四段呼吁学生做志愿者并提示申请方式，整体写作意图清晰，即呼吁学生参与此次慈善售卖活动。 干扰项设计思路： A项：无中生有，文中并未提及社团的历史。 C项：无中生有，文中并未教授如何创作艺术品。 D项：以偏概全，艺术对乡村学校的重要性是举办活动的原因之一（第三段提及），但并非整篇文章的核心写作目的。 难度等级：中。需要学生具备语篇宏观结构意识，区分核心主旨与支撑细节。 第4题：细节题 考查能力：定位并理解事件因果关系的能力。 答案依据：C。第二段首句指出“Maya's foot slipped on a hidden patch of ice”。 干扰项设计思路：A项（背包重）是她疲惫的原因；B项（大风）是环境背景，非滑倒直接原因；D项（绳子松）与文中父亲拉紧绳子的事实相反。 难度等级：易。 第5题：推理题 考查能力：根据人物行为推断其意图的能力。 答案依据：B。父亲指着在恶劣环境中存活的花说“If it can endure, so can we”，随后Maya重新燃起斗志，可推断出父亲是为了激励她克服恐惧。 干扰项设计思路：A项（警告危险）不符合父亲温和的语气和鼓励的言辞；C项（教授野外生存）过度解读；D项（鼓励休息）与语境矛盾，父亲是鼓励她继续前行。 难度等级：中。 第6题：词义猜测题 考查能力：根据语境和上文逻辑线索猜测词义的能力。 答案依据：C。上文提到花朵在恶劣环境中“refusing to surrender”（拒绝屈服），Maya受此鼓舞重新站起来，说明她发现了自己同样“不屈服的/坚定的”力量，与firm同义。 干扰项设计思路：A项（不寻常的）和B项（隐藏的）虽与strength搭配不违背语法，但缺乏情感色彩的呼应；D项（自然的）与文中强调的抗争精神不符。 难度等级：中。 第7题：主旨题 考查能力：理解文章主旨要义和升华内涵的能力。 答案依据：D。文章最后一句点明主旨，真正的探险不是到达山顶，而是发现内心不屈服的力量，即战胜内心的恐惧。 干扰项设计思路：A项（雪山之美）和C项（紫花的奇迹）都是表面细节；B项（冰上滑倒）仅是文章发展中的一个情节，非主旨。 难度等级：中难。 第8题：细节题 考查能力：理解并比较文中具体信息的能力。 答案依据：C。第一段提到传统机器人“too large and clumsy to navigate through narrow, twisted gaps”，而RoboBees体积微小，能进入人类和大型机器无法到达的空间。 干扰项设计思路：A项（便宜）文中未提及；B项（飞得快）不是对比重点，文中强调的是灵活和体积小；D项（携带标准电池）与第四段“carrying a standard battery is impossible”直接矛盾。 难度等级：易。 第9题：推理题 考查能力：根据文章细节进行逻辑推断的能力。 答案依据：B。第四段提到“currently in the laboratory testing phase”以及“major obstacle is the power supply”，可推断出目前仍面临技术限制。 干扰项设计思路：A项（广泛使用）与“still in the laboratory testing phase”矛盾；C项（无需充电持续工作）与目前面临供电障碍矛盾；D项（完全复制真蜂生物特性）过于绝对，文中只说受其启发并模拟了部分能力。 难度等级：中。 第10题：词义猜测题 考查能力：根据上下文语境推测生词词义的能力。 答案依据：A。前文提到真蜂能“hover steadily and change direction in an instant to avoid obstacles”（平稳悬停并瞬间改变方向躲避障碍），这描述的是灵活的移动能力，与A选项“快速轻松移动的能力”契合。 干扰项设计思路：B项（恶劣环境生存能力）是B篇紫花的特征，此处张冠李戴；C项（探测隐藏物体）是传感器的功能；D项（承载重物）与微型机器人的特点相反。 难度等级：中。 第11题：主旨题 考查能力：概括文章主旨要义的能力。 答案依据：B。文章第一段引出RoboBees用于灾难救援，第二、三段介绍其灵感来源和设计特点，第四、五段讲现状和前景，全文围绕“受蜜蜂启发的微型救灾机器人”展开。 干扰项设计思路：A项（建筑倒塌带来困难）只是背景引入；C项（工程师解决了供电问题）与事实相反，目前仍是障碍；D项（真蜂能力无法被复制）与文章强调机器人取得了突破性进展的基调相悖。 难度等级：易。 第12题：细节题 考查能力：提取并理解实验过程具体信息的能力。 答案依据：C。第二段指出参与者被给予100美元，并面临“choose to donate some of their money... or keep it all for themselves”的场景选择。 干扰项设计思路：A项（完成问卷调查）是在实验前进行的；B项（使用fMRI扫描大脑）是研究者的操作而非参与者的任务；D项（在街上与陌生人分享）与文中设定的场景不符。 难度等级：易。 第13题：推理题 考查能力：基于实验结果进行逻辑推断的能力。 答案依据：C。第三段指出当参与者捐钱时，腹侧纹状体会显著激活，且这个区域也是“activates when we receive money or enjoy delicious food”的区域，说明它与给予和接受奖励都有关联。 干扰项设计思路：A项（只对捐钱有反应）与文中也对接收金钱有反应矛盾；B项（控制同理心）无中生有，同理心问卷只是作为前测与脑区激活程度相关，并非该脑区控制；D项（为自己保留金钱时减弱）文中未提及保留时该区域的活动状态。 难度等级：中难。 第14题：词义猜测题 考查能力：根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义的能力。 答案依据：A。前文提到同理心高的人捐献更慷慨，大脑活动“more intense”（更强烈），此句是对前文的进一步解释，说明理解他人的痛苦会“增强/放大”帮助他人的神经奖赏，amplifies与increases同义。 干扰项设计思路：B项（替代）、C项（减少）与语境逻辑相反；D项（改变）过于中性，无法体现前文“more intense”的递进关系。 难度等级：中。 第15题：主旨题 考查能力：理解文章核心写作意图的能力。 答案依据：A。文章首段提出研究目的“explored the deep neurological basis of human altruism”，随后通过实验证明助人行为会激活大脑奖赏中枢，末段总结利他主义有生物学基础，全文旨在解释利他行为的神经学原因。 干扰项设计思路：B项（教育是合作社会的关键）与末段“not merely a social or cultural norm enforced by education”侧重点不同；C项（比较大脑不同奖赏系统）并非主旨，文中只提及同一个脑区的不同激活情境；D项（鼓励捐款）是过度引申，文章是一篇客观的科学研究说明文。 难度等级：中难。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $题目分析表 题号 题型 分值 知识点 难度系数 1 细节题 2.5 获取并整合具体信息的能力（图文互证） 0.78 2 推理题 2.5 根据文本和图片线索进行逻辑推断的能力 0.5 3 主旨题 2.5 概括主旨要义和理解作者写作意图的能力 0.5 4 细节题 2.5 定位并理解事件因果关系的能力 0.78 5 推理题 2.5 根据人物行为推断其意图的能力 0.78 6 词义猜测题 2.5 根据语境和上文逻辑线索猜测词义的能力 0.78 7 主旨题 2.5 理解文章主旨要义和升华内涵的能力 0.3 8 细节题 2.5 理解并比较文中具体信息的能力 0.78 9 推理题 2.5 根据文章细节进行逻辑推断的能力 0.5 10 词义猜测题 2.5 根据上下文语境推测生词词义的能力 0.78 11 主旨题 2.5 概括文章主旨要义的能力 0.78 12 细节题 2.5 提取并理解实验过程具体信息的能力 0.78 13 推理题 2.5 基于实验结果进行逻辑推断的能力 0.5 14 词义猜测题 2.5 根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义的能力 0.78 15 主旨题 2.5 理解文章核心写作意图的能力 0.3 $ （原创）山东省青岛市城阳区高一英语下学期期末测试 （外研版必修三）（原卷） 第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Unleash Your Creativity for a Cause! Are you feeling stressed from endless exams and heavy textbooks? The Sunshine Art Club offers you a creative escape. Art isn't just about painting pretty pictures; it's a powerful way to express your inner voice and alleviate anxiety. Our club provides a welcoming space for everyone, regardless of your skill level. Normally, we meet every Friday afternoon in Room 302 to explore various art forms, from watercolor painting to clay modeling. However, this month, we are taking our passion beyond the classroom because we want to make a bigger impact. We are organizing a special Charity Art Sale to raise money for children in rural villages who dream of having their own art supplies. We firmly believe that art has the magic to heal and inspire. Every child deserves the chance to discover the joy of art, no matter where they come from. Our members have been working relentlessly to prepare unique items for the event, including stunning paintings, creative crafts, and delicate pottery. By purchasing these artworks, you are not just decorating your room—you are directly helping a child's artistic dream come true. We are also looking for enthusiastic volunteers to help manage the booths and guide visitors during the sale. It’s a fantastic opportunity to develop your social skills and connect with like-minded peers. Want to be part of this meaningful movement? Fill out the application form on our school website before June 5th. Let's use our creativity to paint a brighter future for them! 1. Where will the Charity Art Sale take place? A. In Room 302. B. On the school website. C. In the School Stadium. D. At the school square. 2. What can we infer about the Sunshine Art Club from the text? A. It focuses more on charity than on making profits. B. It requires members to have a high level of artistic skills. C. It usually organizes sales outside the classroom. D. It provides free art supplies for rural children directly. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce the history of the Sunshine Art Club. B. To call on students to participate in a charity art sale. C. To teach students how to create unique artworks. D. To explain the importance of art in rural schools. B The wind howled like a wild beast as Maya and her father struggled up the final slope of Mount Rainier. At 4,300 meters, the air was dangerously thin, and every breath felt like inhaling sharp glass. Maya's legs were trembling, and her backpack seemed to weigh a ton. "Just a few more steps," her father encouraged, his voice barely audible over the fierce wind. Suddenly, Maya's foot slipped on a hidden patch of ice. She let out a sharp cry as she slid downward, her hands desperately grabbing at the loose snow. Her father reacted instantly, anchoring his ice axe deep into the solid ice and pulling the climbing rope tight. Maya jerked to a sudden halt, her heart pounding frantically against her ribs. "Hold on!" he shouted. Slowly and steadily, he hauled her back up to the secure path. Maya sat there, gasping for air, her face pale. The fear was paralyzing. She looked up at the distant peak, then down at the dangerous drop below. The desire to quit was overwhelming. "Are you hurt?" her father asked gently, kneeling beside her. Maya shook her head. "I can't do this, Dad. It's too scary," she whispered. Her father pointed to a small, bright purple flower growing in a crack of the rock, just inches from the steep edge. "Look at that," he said softly. "It survives in the harshest conditions. If it can endure, so can we." Maya stared at the tiny flower. It was a miracle of nature, stubbornly refusing to surrender to the hostile environment. A spark of determination reignited within her. She took a deep breath, gripped her ice axe tighter, and stood up. "Let's keep going." Three hours later, they finally stood at the summit. The view was breathtaking—a sea of clouds painted gold by the rising sun. Tears of joy streamed down Maya's wind-burnt cheeks. Looking down at the world below, she realized that the true adventure wasn't merely reaching the top, but discovering the unyielding strength she never knew she possessed. 4. What caused Maya to slide down the slope? A. The heavy weight of her backpack. B. A sudden strong gust of wind. C. A hidden slippery surface. D. The loose climbing rope. 5. Why did Maya's father show her the purple flower? A. To warn her about the dangerous edge. B. To inspire her to overcome her fear. C. To teach her how to survive in the wild. D. To encourage her to take a rest. 6. What does the word "unyielding" in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Unusual. B. Hidden. C. Firm. D. Natural. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. The Beauty of Mount Rainier B. A Dangerous Slip on the Ice C. The Miracle of a Purple Flower D. Conquering the Mountain Inside C When a building collapses after an earthquake, finding survivors trapped under the thick rubble is a race against time. Traditional rescue robots are often too large and clumsy to navigate through narrow, twisted gaps. Now, a team of engineers at a leading university has developed a tiny flying robot, inspired by the remarkable biology of bees, that could revolutionize disaster response. These "RoboBees" are incredibly small—about half the size of a paperclip. Despite their tiny size, they are equipped with highly sensitive micro-sensors that can detect carbon dioxide from human breath and trace amounts of body heat. This allows them to precisely locate survivors in spaces where human rescuers or larger machines cannot reach. Furthermore, they are programmed to communicate with each other using tiny transmitters, forming a "swarm" that can efficiently coordinate and cover a vast disaster area without missing any spots. The design process, however, was not easy. Real bees can hover steadily and change direction in an instant to avoid obstacles. Recreating this extraordinary agility at a micro-scale required groundbreaking technology. The engineers used ultra-lightweight carbon fiber and developed a special artificial muscle that flaps the wings 120 times per second, allowing RoboBees to fly smoothly even in unpredictable, windy conditions inside ruined structures. This maneuverability is crucial when navigating the chaotic and unstable environment of a collapsed building. Currently, RoboBees are still in the laboratory testing phase. One major obstacle is the power supply. Because of their micro size, carrying a standard battery is impossible. Researchers are currently experimenting with micro solar panels and wireless energy transfer to keep them airborne for longer missions. Although there are still technical hurdles to overcome, the potential of RoboBees is immense. In the near future, swarms of these tiny robots could be the first responders in disaster zones, providing critical information that saves lives. They truly prove that sometimes, the most powerful solutions come in the smallest packages. 8. What is the main advantage of RoboBees over traditional rescue robots? A. They are much cheaper to produce. B. They can fly faster in windy conditions. C. They are small enough to enter narrow spaces. D. They can carry standard batteries for power. 9. What can we infer about the current RoboBees from the text? A. They are widely used in disaster zones. B. They still face technical limitations. C. They can work continuously without recharging. D. They have completely copied the biology of real bees. 10. What does the word "agility" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Ability to move quickly and easily. B. Ability to survive in harsh conditions. C. Ability to detect hidden objects. D. Ability to carry heavy loads. 11. What is the main idea of the text? A. The collapse of buildings causes great difficulties for rescue. B. RoboBees are tiny robots inspired by bees for disaster rescue. C. Engineers have solved the power supply problem for micro-robots. D. Real bees have extraordinary abilities that robots cannot copy. D Have you ever wondered why people are willing to help complete strangers at their own expense, especially in times of disaster? A recent psychological study conducted by researchers at Harvard University explored the deep neurological basis of human altruism. The researchers wanted to find out whether our brains are naturally wired to derive pleasure from giving, even when there is no immediate or obvious external reward. In the carefully controlled experiment, 50 participants were given $100 each to start with. They were then presented with various realistic scenarios where they could choose to donate some of their money to different charitable causes or keep it all for themselves. Throughout the decision-making process, the researchers used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to monitor the participants' brain activity in real time, specifically focusing on the ventral striatum, a brain region commonly associated with reward and pleasure. The results were quite revealing. When participants chose to donate money, their ventral striatum lit up significantly on the scans. Interestingly, this brain region is the exact same one that activates when we receive money or enjoy delicious food. This strongly suggests that the act of giving is not purely a sacrifice; rather, it naturally triggers a "warm glow" of internal satisfaction in the brain. Moreover, the more money participants chose to donate, the stronger the brain's reward response was. Furthermore, the study found a direct connection between empathy and this reward response. Before the experiment, participants had completed questionnaires measuring their empathy levels. Those who scored higher in empathy not only donated more generously but also showed significantly more intense brain activity when doing so. This indicates that understanding another person's suffering amplifies the neural reward of helping them. The researchers concluded that altruism is not merely a social or cultural norm enforced by education. While social upbringing certainly plays a role, our biology also equips us with a built-in reward system that actively encourages prosocial behavior. Essentially, doing good deeds makes us feel good on a fundamental, neurological level, ensuring that humans remain a cooperative and compassionate species. 12. What were the participants asked to do during the experiment? A. To complete questionnaires about their lives. B. To scan their brains using fMRI technology. C. To decide whether to donate the money they received. D. To share their $100 with strangers on the street. 13. What can we infer about the ventral striatum from the study? A. It only reacts to the act of giving money. B. It is responsible for controlling human empathy. C. It is linked to both giving and receiving rewards. D. It weakens when people choose to keep money for themselves. 14. What does the word "amplifies" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Increases. B. Replaces. C. Reduces. D. Changes. 15. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explain the neurological reason behind human altruism. B. To prove that education is the key to a cooperative society. C. To compare different reward systems in the human brain. D. To encourage people to donate more money to charitable causes. 高一英语试题 第 页（共5页）1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $