内容正文:
新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义
(外研2024版)
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第2讲 Starter Welcome to junior high! — 语法与自我介绍
适用年级:新七年级(小升初)
教材版本:外研2024版
内容说明:学习名词复数、冠词用法、基数词以及自我介绍的表达
Part 1 知识讲解
一、可数名词与不可数名词
在英语中,名词可以分为两大类:可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。可数名词是指可以用数目计算的名词,有单数和复数两种形式;不可数名词是指无法用数目计算的名词,通常没有复数形式。
类别
定义与特点
可数名词
可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式。
如:book → books(书), box → boxes(盒子), baby → babies(婴儿)
不可数名词
无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,不能用a/an修饰。
如:water(水), milk(牛奶), food(食物), music(音乐)
不可数名词的量化
用 a piece of / a glass of / a cup of 等表示数量。
如:a piece of paper(一张纸), a glass of water(一杯水)
常见不可数名词
water(水), milk(牛奶), tea(茶), juice(果汁), bread(面包), rice(米饭), meat(肉), music(音乐), news(新闻), homework(家庭作业)
可数名词变复数的规则
构成规则
单数
复数
一般名词在词尾加-s
book / cat / pen
books / cats / pens
以 s / x / sh / ch 结尾的词加-es
bus / box / watch
buses / boxes / watches
以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变y为i再加-es
baby / family / city
babies / families / cities
以 f / fe 结尾,变 f / fe 为 v 再加-es
knife / leaf / wife
knives / leaves / wives
以 o 结尾,通常加-es
tomato / potato / hero
tomatoes / potatoes / heroes
不规则变化
man / woman / child / tooth / foot
men / women / children / teeth / feet
二、冠词 a / an / the
冠词是放在名词前面的一种虚词,用来帮助说明名词的含义。英语中的冠词分为三种:不定冠词(a / an)和定冠词(the)。
冠词
用法
例句
a
用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,表示"一个"或"某个"
a book / a cat / a university
an
用于以元音音素开头的单词前,表示"一个"或"某个"
an apple / an hour / an orange
the
表示特指上文提到过或双方都知道的人或事物
the book on the desk(桌上的那本书)
零冠词(不用冠词)
球类运动、学科名称、专有名词前通常不加冠词
play football / have English class
注意区分:a和an的选择不是看单词的首字母,而是看首字母的发音音素。例如:a university(university以元音字母u开头,但发音是/juː/,以辅音音素开头,用a);an hour(hour以辅音字母h开头,但h不发音,发音是/aʊə/,以元音音素开头,用an)。
三、基数词 1-100
基数词(Cardinal Numbers)是用来表示数量多少的数词。下面我们一起来学习 1 到 100 的基数词。
1. 数字 1-12(需逐个记忆)
数字
英文
数字
英文
1
one
7
seven
2
two
8
eight
3
three
9
nine
4
four
10
ten
数字
英文
数字
英文
5
five
11
eleven
6
six
12
twelve
2. 数字 13-19(以 -teen 结尾)
13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen
17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen
3. 数字 20-90(整十位数,以 -ty 结尾)
20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty
60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety
4. 21-99(几十几)
用"十位数 + 连字符 + 个位数"表示。例如:
21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 45 forty-five
56 fifty-six 67 sixty-seven 78 seventy-eight
89 eighty-nine 99 ninety-nine
5. 100
100 a / one hundred
四、自我介绍句型
进入初中后,你会认识很多新同学和新老师。学会用英语自我介绍非常重要!下面是一些常用的自我介绍句型。
句型
示例
姓名介绍
My name is Li Ming. / I'm Li Ming. (我叫李明。)
来自哪里
I'm from China. / I come from China. (我来自中国。)
年龄介绍
I'm 12 years old. (我12岁了。)
兴趣爱好
I like reading books. / My hobby is reading. (我喜欢读书。/ 我的爱好是读书。)
交朋友
I want to make friends with you. (我想和你交朋友。)
自我介绍示例:
Hello everyone! My name is Li Ming. I'm 12 years old. I'm from Beijing, China. I like reading and playing basketball. My hobby is collecting stamps. I want to make friends with all of you. Thank you!
Part 2 典型例题
1. There are five ______ on the desk.
A. box B. boxes
C. boxs D. boxies
【答案】B 【解析】box以x结尾,变复数要加-es,即boxes。选项B正确。
2. I have ______ orange. ______ orange is on the table.
A. a; A B. an; An
C. a; The D. an; The
【答案】D 【解析】orange以元音音素开头,第一次提到用an;第二次提到同一个orange,用the表示特指。选项D正确。
3. There are ______ students in our class.
A. fourty B. forty
C. forti D. fourty
【答案】B 【解析】40的英文是forty,注意不是fourty。选项B正确。
4. — ______ ? — I'm from Shanghai.
A. Where are you from B. What's your name
C. How old are you D. What's your hobby
【答案】A 【解析】根据答句"我来自上海"可知问句是询问来自哪里。选项A正确。
5. Mike likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
A. the; / B. /; the
C. /; / D. the; the
【答案】B 【解析】球类运动前不加冠词(play football);乐器前要加the(play the piano)。选项B正确。
Part 3 基础练习
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1. book → ____________
2. box → ____________
3. baby → ____________
4. knife → ____________
5. tomato → ____________
二、用 a / an / the 填空
1. I have ______ apple. It's big and red.
2. There is ______ cat under the chair. ______ cat is black.
3. She wants to be ______ engineer.
4. My father is ______ doctor. He works in a hospital.
5. Can you play ______ guitar?
三、单项选择
1. There are five ______ on the farm.
A. sheeps B. sheep
C. sheeps D. sheepes
2. I have ______ uncle. He is a teacher.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
3. There are ______ students in my class.
A. thirty B. threety
C. thirty D. thirtty
4. — ______ ? — I'm 12 years old.
A. What's your name B. How old are you
C. Where are you from D. What's your hobby
5. My sister likes playing ______ violin.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
四、情景选择
1. 你想介绍自己的名字,应该说:______
A. I'm from China. B. My name is Tom.
C. I'm 12 years old.
2. 你想询问对方的年龄,应该说:______
A. How old are you? B. Where are you from?
C. What's your name?
3. 你想告诉对方你来自北京,应该说:______
A. I'm from Beijing. B. I like Beijing.
C. I go to Beijing.
4. 你想表达"我想和你交朋友",应该说:______
A. I want to make friends with you. B. I like you.
C. Let's play together.
5. 你想询问对方的爱好,应该说:______
A. What's your name? B. What's your hobby?
C. How old are you?
Part 4 提高练习
一、对话排序
将下列句子按照合理的顺序排列,组成一段完整的对话。
A. Nice to meet you too, Mike! I'm from the UK. And you?
B. Hi! My name is Mike. What's your name?
C. I'm from China. Oh, it's time for class. See you!
D. Nice to meet you, Li Hua. Where are you from?
E. Hello! My name is Li Hua.
F. See you!
正确顺序:______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ → ______
二、补全对话
根据上下文,在横线上填入恰当的句子,使对话完整。
A: Hello! ________________
B: My name is Zhang Wei. Nice to meet you!
A: ________________. How old are you?
B: I'm 13 years old. ________________
A: I'm from Shandong. What about you?
B: I'm from Beijing. What's your hobby?
A: ________________.
B: Great! I like music too. ________________
A: Sure! Let's be friends.
三、阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)
Hello! My name is Wang Fang. I'm 12 years old. I'm from Shanghai, China. I'm a student at No. 1 Middle School. I have a happy family. There are four people in my family: my father, my mother, my brother and me. My father is a doctor. My mother is a teacher. My brother is 8 years old. He is a student too. I like reading and drawing. My favourite subject is English. I want to make friends with you!
( )1. Wang Fang is 13 years old.
( )2. She is from Shanghai, China.
( )3. There are three people in her family.
( )4. Her mother is a teacher.
( )5. Wang Fang's favourite subject is English.
四、写作
About Me
要求:用英语写一篇自我介绍,至少包含6句话。内容包括你的姓名、年龄、来自哪里、兴趣爱好以及你想对大家说的话。
参考句型:My name is... / I'm... years old. / I'm from... / I like... / My hobby is... / I want to...
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Part 5 本讲总结
一、可数名词与不可数名词
• 可数名词有单复数之分,不可数名词没有复数形式
• 名词变复数规则:一般加-s;以s/x/sh/ch结尾加-es;辅音+y变y为i加-es;以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v加-es;以o结尾加-es
• 常见不可数名词:water, milk, tea, juice, bread, rice, music, homework
二、冠词 a / an / the
• a用于辅音音素开头的单词前(a book, a university)
• an用于元音音素开头的单词前(an apple, an hour)
• the表示特指,上文提到过的或双方都知道的事物用the
• 球类前不加冠词(play football),乐器前加the(play the piano)
三、基数词 1-100
• 1-12逐个记忆(one, two, three, ... twelve)
• 13-19以-teen结尾(thirteen, fourteen, ... nineteen)
• 20-90整十以-ty结尾(twenty, thirty, ... ninety)
• 21-99用"十位数-个位数"表示(twenty-one, thirty-two)
• 100 = a / one hundred
四、自我介绍句型
• 姓名:My name is... / I'm...
• 来自:I'm from... / I come from...
• 年龄:I'm ... years old.
• 爱好:I like... / My hobby is...
• 交友:I want to make friends with you.
参考答案
Part 2 典型例题
1. B(box → boxes,以x结尾加-es)
2. D(第一次提到用an,第二次特指用the)
3. B(40的英文是forty,注意拼写)
4. A(根据答句"我来自上海"可知问"你来自哪里")
5. B(球类不加冠词,乐器加the)
Part 3 基础练习
一. 1. books 2. boxes 3. babies 4. knives 5. tomatoes
二. 1. an(apple以元音音素开头) 2. a; The(第一次提到用a,第二次特指用The) 3. an(engineer以元音音素开头) 4. a(doctor以辅音音素开头) 5. the(乐器前加the)
三. 1. B(sheep单复数同形,不加s) 2. B(uncle以元音音素开头,用an) 3. C(30的英文是thirty) 4. B(答句是年龄,问句应是How old are you?) 5. C(乐器前加the)
四. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B
Part 4 提高练习
一. B → E → D → A → C → F
二(参考答案). 1. What's your name? / My name is... 2. Nice to meet you too. 3. Where are you from? 4. I like music. / My hobby is music. 5. Do you want to make friends with me?
三. 1. F(She is 12 years old.) 2. T 3. F(There are four people in her family.) 4. T 5. T
四. 略。参考范文:
Hello everyone! My name is Li Ming. I'm 12 years old. I'm from Beijing, China. I like reading and playing basketball. My hobby is collecting stamps. I want to make friends with all of you. Thank you!
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