Unit1语法讲解及习题 can can't & 反身代词 2025-2026学年教科版(五四学制) 七年级英语下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了教科版（五四学制）七下Unit1核心语法知识，包括情态动词can/can't（表能力、许可、禁止）和反身代词。从can/can't的基础定义（无人称数变化、加动词原形）到三大用法及句式变化口诀，再到反身代词的定义、人称表格及固定搭配，构建了从基础到应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“定义-用法-句式-易错点”逻辑清晰呈现，每个语法点配有典型例句和易错提醒。习题设计覆盖填空、判断、句型转换等多种题型，结合生活情境，参考答案附详细解析，助力学生提升语言运用能力和思维品质，培养规范使用语法的学习习惯。

教科版（五四学制）英语七下Unit1语法讲解及习题: can / can't & 反身代词 本单元核心语法有两大块： 1. 情态动词 can / can't（表许可、禁止、能力） 2. 反身代词 Reflexive pronouns 一、语法1：can / can't 用法详解 1. 基础定义 can 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后面必须加动词原形； 否定形式：cannot = can't 2. 三大核心用法（本单元重点） 用法 含义 例句 ① 表能力（ability，简写A） 能够、会做某事 I can speak English well. 我英语说得很好。 She can't ride a bike. 她不会骑自行车。 ② 表许可（permission，简写PE） 可以、被允许做某事 You can borrow books from the library. 你可以从图书馆借书。 ③ 表禁止/不允许（prohibition，简写PR） 不可以、严禁做某事 We can't run in the hallway. 我们不能在走廊奔跑。 3. 句式变化口诀 · 肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形 Students can follow the school rules. · 否定句：主语 + can't + 动词原形 Students can't break the school rules. · 一般疑问句：Can + 主语 + 动词原形? Can you finish your homework on time? 回答：Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't. · 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + can + 主语 + 动词原形? What can you do at school? 4. 易错提醒 ❌ 错误：He cans swim. ✅ 正确：He can swim. （can 永远不加s、ed等变形） 二、语法2：反身代词 Reflexive pronouns 1. 什么是反身代词 表示“自己、本人、亲自”，动作的发出者和承受者是同一个人。 2. 反身代词完整表格 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们自己 3. 核心固定搭配（本单元高频） 1. by oneself 独自、靠自己 We finish the work by ourselves. 我们独自完成这项工作。 2. teach oneself 自学 She teaches herself maths. 她自学数学。 3. look after oneself 照顾自己 You must look after yourself at school. 4. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 5. help oneself 随便吃/用 4. 句式&易错点 · 单数结尾大多是 -self，复数结尾都是 -selves · 绝对不能单独作主语 ❌ 错误：Myself clean the room. ✅ 正确：I clean the room myself. 三、专项练习题 （一）用 can / can't 填空 1. All children ______ go to school. Education is free for them. 2. It rains heavily. They ______ walk to school safely. 3. Young kids ______ cross the dangerous river alone. It's too risky. 4. We ______ ask our teachers for help when we have problems. 5. You ______ eat snacks in class. It's against the rule. （二）判断句子用法：A(能力)/PE(许可)/PR(禁止) 1. Students can use the computer room after class. ( ) 2. My little brother can play the piano. ( ) 3. You can't talk loudly in the reading room. ( ) 4. I can swim very well. ( ) 5. We can't leave school before 5 p.m. ( ) （三）句型转换 1. I can join the school club.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. They can play basketball after school.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. She can ask for help when confused.（对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. We can wear our own clothes on Friday.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Can he finish the report by himself?（否定回答） _____________________________________________________________________ （四）选词写问句 参考短语：cycle to school; use your phone at home; put up posters in your bedroom; watch TV before dinner 1. ________________________________________? 2. ________________________________________? 3. ________________________________________? 4. ________________________________________? （五）短文填空 选词：can go; can bring; can't litter; can take; can't leave We have a school trip every term. We ______ to the park near our city. We ______ water and snacks with us. We ______ photos during the trip, but we ______ everywhere. Also, we ______ the group without telling teachers. （六）反身代词填空 1. Tell Fred to look after ______ when he is in hospital. 2. Help ______ to some fresh fruit, everyone! 3. She made all these handcrafts all by ______. 4. You can take the test ______ on the website. （七）单项选择 1. Students ______ tidy their classroom by ______. A. can; themselves B. can; them C. can't; themselves 2. —______ you play the violin? —No, I ______. A. Can; can B. Can; can't C. Can't; can 3. Qin Wei found ______ nervous on the first school day. A. he B. himself C. his 4. You ______ learn new things if you try hard. A. can B. can't C. are 5. My friends and I enjoyed ______ during the school trip. A. myself B. yourselves C. ourselves 四、参考答案+解析 （一）can / can't 填空 1. can（表许可：所有孩子都可以上学） 2. can't（表客观无法、禁止：大雨天没法安全步行上学） 3. can't（表禁止+能力：小孩子不能独自过河） 4. can（表许可：遇到问题可以找老师求助） 5. can't（表禁止：上课不能吃零食） （二）、用法判断 1. PE（许可：课后可以使用机房） 2. A（能力：弟弟会弹钢琴） 3. PR（禁止：阅览室禁止大声喧哗） 4. A（能力：我游泳很好） 5. PR（禁止：五点前不能离校） （三）句型转换 1. I can't join the school club. （can变否定直接加not） 2. —Can they play basketball after school? —Yes, they can. （一般疑问句can提前，主语they不变） 3. What can she do when confused? （对动作提问，用特殊疑问词what+can） 4. We can't wear our own clothes on Friday. 5. No, he can't. （四）造问句（示例） 1. Can you cycle to school? 2. Can you use your phone at home? 3. Can you put up posters in your bedroom? 4. Can you watch TV before dinner? （五）短文填空 1. can go（我们可以去公园） 2. can bring（我们可以带水和零食） 3. can take（我们可以拍照） 4. can't litter（不能随地乱扔垃圾） 5. can't leave（不能擅自离开队伍） （六）反身代词填空 1. himself（指代男性Fred，他自己照顾自己） 2. yourselves（固定搭配help yourselves 大家随便享用） 3. herself（指代女性she，她独自完成手工） 4. yourself（单数“你自己”完成测试） （七）单项选择 1. A 学生可以自己打扫教室，by+反身代词表独自 2. B 一般疑问句can提问，否定回答can't 3. B 动作发出者和承受者是同一个人，用反身代词himself 4. A 努力尝试，你就能够学会新东西，表能力 5. C 主语是我和朋友们（复数第一人称），反身代词ourselves ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $