内容正文:
新五年级英语暑假衔接讲义
(PEP版 三年级起点)
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第1讲 名词复数与冠词
适用年级:新五年级(四升五)
教材版本:PEP版(三年级起点)
内容说明:本讲复习可数名词的复数变化规则和冠词a/an的用法
Part 1 知识讲解
一、可数名词的复数
在英语中,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示两个或两个以上的人或事物时,要用复数形式。
情况
变化
例词
一般情况
加 -s
book→books, pen→pens, cat→cats, dog→dogs
以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾
加 -es
bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes
以辅音+y结尾
变 y 为 i
加 -es
baby→babies, family→families, party→parties
以 f/fe 结尾
变 f/fe 为 v
加 -es
knife→knives, leaf→leaves
以 o 结尾
加 -es
potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
(注:photo→photos, piano→pianos)
不规则变化
特殊记忆
man→men, woman→women, child→children
foot→feet, tooth→teeth
sheep→sheep, fish→fish
二、冠词 a / an
冠词 a 和 an 都表示"一个",放在可数名词单数前面。
冠词
用法
例句
a
放在辅音音素开头的
单词前面
a book, a cat, a pen, a dog
a desk, a girl, a school
an
放在元音音素开头的
单词前面
an apple, an egg, an orange
an elephant, an eraser, an eye
注意:a university(u 发 /juː/,是辅音音素)
an hour(h 不发音,是元音音素)
三、不用冠词的情况
• 复数名词泛指时:I like cats.(我喜欢猫)
• 专有名词前:She is from China.
• 三餐前:have breakfast / have lunch / have dinner
Part 2 典型例题
1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。
(1)book → ______ (2)box → ______ (3)baby → ______
(4)knife → ______ (5)man → ______ (6)sheep → ______
【解析】(1)books(一般加s)。(2)boxes(以x结尾加es)。(3)babies(辅音+y,变y为i加es)。(4)knives(f/fe变v加es)。(5)men(不规则变化)。(6)sheep(单复数同形)。
2. 用 a 或 an 填空。
(1)______ book (2)______ apple (3)______ elephant
(4)______ dog (5)______ orange (6)______ pen
【解析】(1)a(辅音开头)。(2)an(元音开头)。(3)an(元音开头)。(4)a(辅音开头)。(5)an(元音开头)。(6)a(辅音开头)。
3. 选择填空。
( )(1)I have ______ book.
A. a B. an C. /
( )(2)She has two ______.
A. box B. boxs C. boxes
( )(3)There are three ______ on the farm.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes
( )(4)That is ______ elephant.
A. a B. an C. /
【解析】(1)A(book辅音开头)。(2)C(box以x结尾加es)。(3)A(sheep单复数同形)。(4)B(elephant元音开头)。
Part 3 基础练习
1. 写出下列名词的复数形式。
(1)cat → ______ (2)bus → ______ (3)watch → ______
(4)family → ______ (5)leaf → ______ (6)potato → ______
(7)child → ______ (8)foot → ______ (9)fish → ______
(10)tomato → ______
2. 用 a 或 an 填空。
(1)______ desk (2)______ eraser (3)______ dog
(4)______ eye (5)______ school (6)______ apple
(7)______ cat (8)______ orange (9)______ egg
(10)______ pen
3. 选择填空。
( )(1)I have three ______.
A. pen B. pens C. penses
( )(2)This is ______ orange.
A. a B. an C. /
( )(3)There are many ______ on the farm.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes
( )(4)She is ______ girl.
A. a B. an C. /
( )(5)I like ______.
A. cat B. a cat C. cats
Part 4 提高练习
1. 改错:找出下列句子中的错误并改正。
(1)I have two box. → ______________________________
(2)She has three sheeps. → ______________________________
(3)That is a apple. → ______________________________
(4)I have two childs. → ______________________________
(5)This is an desk. → ______________________________
2. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
(1)There are two ______ (bus) in the street.
(2)I have three ______ (tooth).
(3)Look at those ______ (child). They are happy.
(4)That is ______ (a) elephant.
(5)She has many ______ (watch).
3. 阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)。
Hello, I'm Amy. Look at my desk. There is a pencil box on it. There are two pens and three pencils in the pencil box. There is an eraser and a ruler, too. I have many books. They are in my schoolbag. I like my school things.
( )(1)There is a pencil box on the desk.
( )(2)There are two pens and two pencils in the pencil box.
( )(3)There is a eraser on the desk.
( )(4)Amy has many books.
( )(5)The books are in the schoolbag.
Part 5 本讲总结
记忆口诀
名词复数有规律,一般词尾加s;
s/x/sh/ch加es,辅音y改i加es。
f/fe变v加es,o结尾多数加es;
man变men child变children,
foot变feet sheep还是sheep。
冠词a和an,都是"一个"的意思;
辅音前用a,元音前用an。
a book a pen a dog,
an apple an egg an orange。
本讲重点回顾
✓ 可数名词复数变化:一般加-s,s/x/sh/ch加-es,辅音+y→ies,f/fe→ves
✓ 不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, sheep→sheep
✓ 冠词a放在辅音音素开头的词前,an放在元音音素开头的词前
✓ 复数名词泛指时不用冠词:I like cats.
✓ 三餐前和专有名词前不用冠词
参考答案
Part 2 典型例题
1. (1)books(2)boxes(3)babies(4)knives(5)men(6)sheep
2. (1)a(2)an(3)an(4)a(5)an(6)a
3. (1)A(2)C(3)A(4)B
Part 3 基础练习
1. (1)cats(2)buses(3)watches(4)families(5)leaves
. (6)potatoes(7)children(8)feet(9)fish(10)tomatoes
2. (1)a(2)an(3)a(4)an(5)a(6)an(7)a(8)an(9)an(10)a
3. (1)B(2)B(3)A(4)A(5)C
Part 4 提高练习
1. (1)box→boxes(2)sheeps→sheep(3)a→an
. (4)childs→children(5)an→a
2. (1)buses(2)teeth(3)children(4)an(5)watches
3. (1)T(2)F(3)F(4)T(5)T
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