Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A Grammar Focus（ 课件） 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时中for（后接时间段）和since（后接时间点/从句）的用法，通过Free talk结合动物救助站、关爱老人等志愿活动图片提问，激活学生生活经验，搭建从一般过去时到现在完成时的学习支架，帮助学生逐步理解语法规则。 其亮点在于以“志愿者活动”为主题融合语法教学，通过4a例句辨析、4b填空到4d小组访谈的分层练习提升语言能力，对比for/since用法及现在完成时与一般过去时培养思维品质，激发公益意识渗透文化意识。学生能在真实语境中运用语法，教师可借助清晰结构高效开展教学。

Section A What can we do to help？ Grammar Focus Unit 8 Making a Difference 1 通过本节课的学习，同学们将能： 1. 准确区分现在完成时中for(后接时间段)和since(后接时间点/从句)的用法，掌握其在句子中的正确搭配。 2. 运用现在完成时＋for/since描述自己或他人持续的经历、爱好或志愿活动，完成口头和书面表达任务。 3. 通过志愿活动相关话题，激发参与公益的意识，乐于分享个人经历。 学习目标 Free talk What can you see in these pictures? Have you ever done volunteer work? How long did you do it? 3 3a 4a Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. for后接一段时间；since后接时间点或从句。 4 含since或for的现在完成时 现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”和“since +过去的时间点或从句”连用。 He has worked here for over twenty years. 他已经在这里工作二十多年了。 He has learnt about 2,000 English words since he started learning English. 他自开始学英语以来已经学了大约2000个英语单词。 5 1.后接具体的过去时间点：last week, 2022, yesterday morning, … 例句：I have been a student here since last September. 2.后接一般过去时的完整句子：主+谓(过去式)+其他 例句：They have lived here since they got married. 3.位置：可置于句首或句中，句首时加逗号 4.关键：since后不能接时间段，只能接“时间点”或“句子” since用法 6 for 用法 1.后接纯时间段：three days, five months, half a year, … 例句：He has taught in this school for eight years. 2.后接模糊时间段：a long time, a while, several years, … 例句：We have waited for a long time. 3.位置：只能置于句中，不可置于句首 4.关键：for后不能接时间点，只能接持续的时间长度 7 1. 现在完成时表“持续”的核心概念 含义：表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作/状态 重点：动作的持续性，常与since/for搭配使用 时间：过去的某个时间开始，一直延续到当下 本单元运用：描述志愿者工作、持续的行为状态等场景 关键：不强调动作结束，只关注“从过去到现在”的持续 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 8 2. 基本结构（肯/否句） (1) 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 have/has规则：I/we/you/they→have；he/she/it→has 例句：She has worked as a volunteer for two years.她做志愿者已经两年了。 (2) 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 缩写：haven’t / hasn’t 例句：They haven’t lived here since 2020.他们从2020年起就不在这里住了。 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 9 (3) 特殊疑问句: 疑问词：How long（多久，询问持续时间） 句式： How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 回答： 直接用since/for引导的短语作答 例句： —How long have you been here? —For three months. 易错点：不可用When提问持续时间，只能用How long 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 10 3. 含for和含since的现在完成时的句子有时可以互相转换。 我从 13 年前开始就住在这里。 I’ve lived here for 13 years. It has been 13 years since I began to live here. I’ve lived here since 13 years ago. 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 11 注意：在含有现在完成时的肯定句中，与表示持续性时间的状语连用的动词一般为延续性动词，但在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。 常见的延续性动词有have、live、teach、learn、work、study、know等；常见的非延续性动词(词组)有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、join、buy、get married等。 He has joined the English club for two years. He has been a member of the English club for two years. （ ） （ ） 第一课时 1a-2d 他加入英语俱乐部两年了。 含since或for的现在完成时的构成和用法 12 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是现在的情况；不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He has lived here since 2012. 自2012年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里) 一般过去时 只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 He lived here in 2012. 2012年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里) 13 1.I have learned English _________ I was six years old. 2.They have lived in Shanghai _________ five years. 3.She has been a teacher _________ 2020. 4.We have known each other _________ a long time. 5.He has played basketball _________ he came to this school. since for since for since 即时练 14 3a 4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She _____________(teach) English to the soldiers _____ three years. 2. I ___________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer _____ two years now. ______ he started working there, he __________(help) many students. 4. The organization ___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers ________ it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since 15 3a 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I _____________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I __________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I __________ (make) many new friends and I ________ even _______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I _________ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium _______ (be) so big that they ________(get) lost. I gave them directions and they __________ (smile) and __________ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped have made have met was got smiled thanked met 16 3a 4d Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. How long have you ● known your best friend / ...? ● had your favourite toy / ...? ● lived in your neighbourhood / ...? 17 Language points 1. so＋adj./adv.＋that＋结果状语从句　如此······以至于······ The stadium was so big that they got lost. 体育馆太大了，以至于他们迷路了。（原文再现） (1) so＋adj.＋that... 例：The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.箱子如此重，以至于我搬不动它。 (2) so＋adv.＋that... 例：He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于没人能追上他。 (3) so＋many/much/few/little＋n.＋that... 例：There are so many books that I don’t know which to choose.书如此多，以至于我不知道选哪本。 辨析　so...that...和such...that... so＋adj./adv.＋that... such＋(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋that... 例：It’s so cold that we can’t go out.＝It’s such a cold day that we can’t go out. 天太冷了，我们不能出去。 对点练习 1. She is kind everyone likes her. 2. He is tired he can’t walk. 3. It rained hard we stayed at home. 4. It is an interesting story I read it twice. 5. The box is very heavy. I can’t lift it. →The box is heavy I can’t lift it. →It is a heavy box I can’t lift it. so that so that so that such that so that such that 2. help out帮助(某人)解决困难或完成工作 Since I started, I have helped out at over ten different sports events.自从我开始(做志愿者)以来，我已经在十多个不同的体育赛事中帮忙了。（原文再现） help out 强调“协助摆脱困境”。 help (sb.) out (with sth.) 帮助(某人)(做某事) 例：① Can you help out at the meeting tomorrow？明天开会时你能帮忙搭把手吗？ ② Don’t worry，I’ll help out with the catering.别担心，我来帮忙负责餐饮部分。 ③ He helped out when his neighbor’s house caught fire.邻居家着火时，他出手相助了。 help相关短语及区别： help sb.(to)do sth. (最常用)帮助某人做某事(直接接动词原形或接动词不定式) help sb.with sth. 在某事上帮助某人(后接名词) help (to) do sth. 有助于做某事/帮忙做某事(主语通常是人) can’t help doing sth. (高频考点)情不自禁做某事/忍不住做某事 can’t help but do sth. 不得不做某事/只能(做某事) 对点练习 1. 每当我遇到困难，他总是第一个来帮忙。 Whenever I’m in trouble，he is always the first to . 2. 当我看到我的家乡的老照片时忍不住哭了起来。 I when I saw the old photo of my hometown. 3. 我忍不住要对你的成功表示祝贺。 I congratulate you on your success. 4. 你能帮我搬一下这个重箱子吗？ Could you me this heavy box? help me out couldn’t help crying can’t help but help to carry 1.We have studied in this school _________ 2019. 2.She has practiced the piano _________ two years. 3.I have known Tom _________ I was in primary school. 4.They have worked as volunteers _________ a few months. 5.He has lived in Nanjing _________ last year. 6.The baby has slept _________ nine o’clock. 7.We have waited for you _________ twenty minutes. 8.She has loved reading _________ she was five. 一、选择since或for填空 since since since since since for for for Exercises 22 1.She ______________ (be) a teacher for ten years. 2.I _______________ (know) him since we were children. 3.The film _____________ (be) on since 8:00. 4.He ______________ (have) this watch for five years. 5.She _______________ (work) in this hospital since 2020. 6.They _______________ (not see) each other for a long time. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 has been have known has been has had has worked haven’t seen 23 三、阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空 I love volunteering! I 1. __________ (be) a volunteer at an animal hospital since 2023. I 2. ____________ (work) there for about a year now. Since I 3._______ (start) volunteering, I 4. __________________ (learn) a lot about animals. I 5. __________ (make) many friends with other volunteers for months. The hospital 6. _________ (be) open since 2020. It 7. _________ (help) over 1,000 animals since it opened. I 8. _________ (keep) a cat for two years, so I know how to look after animals. I 9. ____________ (not be) late for volunteer work since I started. I 10. ____________ (stay) here for two more hours today. have been have worked started have learned/learnt have made have been has helped have kept haven’t been have stayed 24 MUST DO: Write three sentences about your life (such as hobbies, study, and living place) using "for" and "since". CHOOSE TO DO: Finish the group interview in Activity 4d of the textbook and organize it into a short report of 100 words. HOMEWORK Thanks Thanks 26 $