2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册 暑假衔接讲义 第9讲 一般现在时与实义动词

新初一英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教版） ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 第9讲 一般现在时·实义动词 适用年级：七年级（初一） 教材版本：人教版 内容说明：本讲学习实义动词的一般现在时，重点掌握三单变化和do/does的用法 第9讲 一般现在时·实义动词 Part 1 知识讲解 一、实义动词的一般现在时 实义动词（行为动词）表示具体的动作，如：run, eat, read, play, like等。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、习惯或客观事实。 二、第三人称单数变化规则 当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时，动词要加 -s 或 -es。 情况 变化规则 例词 一般情况 加 -s like→likes, read→reads, play→plays 以 s/x/sh/ch/o 结尾 加 -es go→goes, watch→watches, do→does 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 -es study→studies, fly→flies 特殊（have） have→has I have → He has 三、否定句与疑问句 实义动词的否定和疑问需要助动词 do / does 的帮助。 句式 主语类型 结构 例句 肯定句 非三单 主语 + 动词原形 I like apples. 三单 主语 + 动词-s/es He likes apples. 否定句 非三单 主语 + don't + 动原 I don't like apples. 三单 主语 + doesn't + 动原 He doesn't like apples. 四、一般疑问句的问答 • Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗？ Yes, I do. / No, I don't. • Does he like apples? 他喜欢苹果吗？ Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 注意：用了 does 之后，动词要恢复原形。 五、肯定句与否定句对比 • I like English. → I don't like English. • She likes English. → She doesn't like English. • We go to school every day. → We don't go to school on Sunday. • He goes to school by bus. → He doesn't go to school by bus. Part 2 典型例题 1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 （1）I ______ (like) apples. （2）He ______ (like) apples. （3）She ______ (go) to school by bus. （4）They ______ (watch) TV every day. （5）Tom ______ (study) English every morning. 【解析】（1）like（I非三单）。（2）likes（he三单）。（3）goes（she三单，以o结尾加es）。（4）watch（they复数）。（5）studies（Tom三单，辅音+y变y为i加es）。 2. 将下列句子改为否定句。 （1）I like cats. → ______________________________ （2）She likes dogs. → ______________________________ 【解析】（1）I don't like cats.（2）She doesn't like dogs. (likes恢复原形like) 3. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答。 （1）You like English. → ______________________________ （2）He plays football. → ______________________________ 【解析】（1）Do you like English? / Yes, I do. （2）Does he play football? / Yes, he does. (plays恢复原形play) Part 3 基础练习 1. 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 （1）like → ______ （2）go → ______ （3）watch → ______ （4）study → ______ （5）do → ______ （6）have → ______ （7）play → ______ （8）fly → ______ （9）read → ______ （10）eat → ______ 2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 （1）I ______ (read) books every day. （2）She ______ (read) books every day. （3）They ______ (play) football on Sunday. （4）He ______ (play) football on Sunday. （5）We ______ (go) to school by bike. （6）Tom ______ (go) to school by bus. （7）My mother ______ (watch) TV in the evening. （8）I ______ (do) my homework at home. 3. 将下列句子改为否定句。 （1）I like cats. → ______________________________ （2）She likes dogs. → ______________________________ （3）They go to school on Sunday. → ______________________________ （4）He studies English every day. → ______________________________ Part 4 提高练习 1. 用 do / does 填空。 （1）______ you like apples? （2）______ he like apples? （3）______ they go to school by bus? （4）______ she speak English? （5）Where ______ you live? （6）What ______ he do? 2. 对画线部分提问。 （1）I like **apples**. → ______________________________ （2）He goes to school **by bus**. → ______________________________ （3）She reads **books** every day. → ______________________________ 3. 翻译下列句子。 （1）我每天吃早饭。 → ______________________________ （2）他喜欢踢足球。 → ______________________________ （3）她不喜欢狗。 → ______________________________ （4）你每天早上几点起床？ → ______________________________ Part 5 本讲总结 一般现在时记忆口诀 一般现在时，经常习惯或事实； 三单主语莫忘记，动词-s/-es加。 否定句用don't帮，三单用doesn't； 疑问句用Do/Does开头，用了does后动原回。 三单变化分情况，一般词尾加-s； s/x/sh/ch/o加-es，辅音+y变i加-es； have变has特殊记，常用常考要牢记。 本讲重点回顾 ✓ 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或客观事实 ✓ 第三人称单数主语（he/she/it/单数名词）时，动词加-s/-es ✓ 否定句：don't（非三单）/ doesn't（三单）+ 动词原形 ✓ 一般疑问句：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？ ✓ 注意：三单变化中have→has，go→goes，study→studies 参考答案 Part 2 典型例题 1.（1）like（2）likes（3）goes（4）watch（5）studies 2.（1）I don't like cats.（2）She doesn't like dogs. 3.（1）Do you like English? / Yes, I do. （2）Does he play football? / Yes, he does. Part 3 基础练习 1.（1）likes（2）goes（3）watches（4）studies（5）does（6）has（7）plays（8）flies（9）reads（10）eats 2.（1）read（2）reads（3）play（4）plays（5）go（6）goes（7）watches（8）do 3.（1）I don't like cats.（2）She doesn't like dogs. （3）They don't go to school on Sunday.（4）He doesn't study English every day. Part 4 提高练习 1.（1）Do（2）Does（3）Do（4）Does（5）do（6）does 2.（1）What do you like?（2）How does he go to school?（3）What does she read every day? 3.（1）I have breakfast every day.（2）He likes playing football. （3）She doesn't like dogs.（4）What time do you get up every morning? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $