Unit 8主题阅读训练2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以自然灾害主题为载体，融合完形填空、阅读理解等题型，通过真实案例与解题方法结合，系统培养语言能力与危机应对思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |狂卷风暴|10空完形|语法填空（时态、介词等）|从龙卷风特征到科学探测，构建“现象-应对-研究”逻辑链| |地动山摇|4道阅读题|细节定位、数字推理、主旨归纳|以汶川地震为例，串联预警系统、救援体系与跨部门协作| |火灾逃生|5选5+写作|语境衔接（转折/因果）、步骤写作|按“预警-逃生-求助”流程，整合七选五与应用文写作|

8A Unit 8主题阅读训练 自然灾害可能随时发生，学会科学应对才能守护生命！本次“安全知识讲堂”将聚焦各种自然灾害，带大家了解它们的特征、预警信号及避险技巧。通过真实案例分析和互动讨论，你们不仅能掌握逃生技能，还能培养危机中的冷静判断力。安全无小事，知识即铠甲——让我们一起用智慧应对突发险情！ I. 狂卷风暴 龙卷风以每小时数百公里的风速摧毁路径上的一切。随着科技发展，科学家正在逐步解开它的奥秘，为人们争取更多逃生和应对时间。 A tornado is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. It can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage. As they move 1.____ the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado 2.____ (come) towards you. A basement(地下室) or the lowest floor could be a safe place 3.____ (hide) yourself. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up (蜷缩) into 4.____ ball and cover your head and neck with your hands. ____ there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the 6.____ (good) ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They then use special tools to measure(测量) what is happening in and around a tornado. One special tool 7.____ (call) a tornado probe(探测仪). Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors(传感器) to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure and direction. Some probes even have 8.____ (camera), so the scientists can see and understand what it's like to be in a tornado. To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado 9.____ (go) next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess 10.____ (correct), they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form and travel. And they can give people some warnings to keep away from a dangerous tornado. II. 地动山摇 地震是地球自我减压的“呼吸”，但一次深呼吸足以让城市崩塌。受各种因素影响，近年来地震发生频率上升，同学们需要更加重视地震灾害演练。 The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which tens of thousands of people died and hundreds of thousands were injured, was the event that changed everything for China in this field. The 8.0-magnitude quake had presented the most difficult relief (救助) challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country's emergency response(应对) capabilities. Since then, preventing and controlling disasters has become a top concern for the Chinese government. For earthquakes, getting an early warning is extremely important. The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Centre found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%; a ten-second warning, by 39%; a twenty-second warning, by 63%. So in the following years China has developed an automatic(自动的) early warning system which can send out warnings to millions of people in China within just two minutes after an earthquake. In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with civil services, the Red Cross, and the National Fire and Rescue Administration to ensure a round-the-clock emergency response. There are now 27 specialized teams for mountain, water, and air rescues, as well as earthquake relief, and seven teams for helping with international rescue efforts. Whether it is an earthquake, typhoon, flood or forest fire, China has an excellent record in post-disaster recovery, as it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control. To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life. Disaster relief requires the whole society to work together. And China sets an example of how to prevent loss and save lives by putting the people first. 1. How does this passage show the importance of early warning systems? A. By using quotes. B. By giving examples. C. By listing numbers. D. By making contrast. 2. Why has the government set up the specialized teams? A. To carry out disaster relief internationally. B. To help the rescue and recovery work. C. To train local people in disaster prevention. D. To handle forest fires more effectively. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A. The effects of follow-up disasters have been reduced. B. A lot of natural disasters have happened in the world. C. Disaster relief needs efforts across various departments. D. Different departments are responsible for building roads and railways. 4. What's the main idea of this passage? A. China has improved disaster response and recovery. B. China has developed an early warning system for earthquakes. C. China organized various departments for post-disaster recovery. D. China has created specialized departments to respond to earthquakes. III. 火灾逃生 突发火灾如何自救？浓烟弥漫时如何找到生路？认真学习火灾应对策略，才能在危险真正来临时临危不乱，做出正确的抉择。 Fires can strike unexpectedly, posing a great threat to our safety. As middle school students, we must be prepared for such emergencies and know how to protect ourselves. Here are some crucial tips to help you stay safe in a fire. ·Be fully prepared Firstly, we should always be aware of the warning signs. 1.____. However, don't overlook signs that are not easy to notice, like a burning smell or flickering lights. If you notice any of these, act quickly and don't delay. Moreover, familiarize yourself with the escape routes. 2.____ Regular fire drills(演习) can help you navigate these routes efficiently. Practice them seriously, as they can save your life in a real emergency. 3.______________ In a fire, remember to stay low to the ground. Smoke rises, making the air near the floor cleaner. Crawl on your hands and knees, using a damp cloth to cover your mouth and nose. 4.____. Before opening any doors, feel them with the back of your hand. If a door feels hot, it may lead directly to the fire. Open it slowly and check for smoke or flames before proceeding. Remember: safety first, always. ·Call for help Once you've safely exited the building, call the emergency services immediately. Gather with your family or classmates at a predetermined safe location. Avoid using elevators and never go back inside the building. 5.____ In conclusion, knowing what to do in a fire emergency can make a difference between life and death. A. Follow safety instructions B. Prepare an escape plan in advance C. Stay calm and wait for further notice D. Run away as soon as you get out of your building E. This will help you avoid breathing in harmful gases F. Know at least two ways to exit each room and your entire building G. The smell of smoke or the sight of flames is an immediate sign of danger 6. Do you know how safely use a fire extinguisher? Read the following steps and write a passage to describe the right way of using the fire extinguisher. (More than 30 words.) Aim at the base of the fire 3.Squeeze 4.Sweep side to side Ⅰ. 1. across 2. comes 3. to hide 4. a 5. But 6. best 7. is called 8. cameras 9. will go 10. correctly Ⅱ. 1-4 CBCA 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面的改进，包括建立早期预警系统以及专门的救援队伍，以提升应急响应能力。 1. C 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Chengdu High-tech Disaster Reduction Centre found that a three-second early warning can lower the number of the injured by 14%；a ten-second warning, by 39%；a twenty-second warning, by 63%.”可知，本文通过列数字来展示预警系统的重要性。故选 C。 2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2018, the Chinese government also created the Ministry of Emergency Management ...”以及第四段“... it is able to organize resources from various departments including power, water conservancy and supply, telecommunications and disease control.”可知，政府建立专业队伍是为了协助救援和恢复工作。故选 B。 3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段“To reduce the effects of follow-up disasters, these departments would do their parts to repair damaged roads and railways, restore power, water supply, communication and other services to help people get back to normal life.”可知，灾后救助需要多个部门的共同努力。故选 C。 4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake ... had presented the most difficult relief challenges to the country since 1949, leading to a complete review and improvement of the country's emergency response capabilities.”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了中国在灾害应对和恢复方面的改进，包括建立早期预警系统以及专门的救援队伍，以提升应急响应能力。故选 A。 Ⅲ. 1-5 GFAEC 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于火灾逃生的知识。 1. G 空后提到“However, don't overlook signs that are not easy to notice, like a burning smell or flickering lights.”可知，“However”表转折，说明空白处应是提到明显的危险信号，G项“烟味或火焰是直接的危险信号”符合语境。故选 G。 2. F 前文“Moreover, familiarize yourself with the escape routes.(此外，你要熟记逃生路线。)”说要熟悉逃生路线，F项“知道每个房间以及整栋楼至少两种逃生出口”进一步说明了熟悉逃生路线的具体要求。故选 F。 3. A 此处是本段小标题，本段主要介绍了在火灾中保护自己应该做的事情，A项“遵循安全指示”能概括本段内容。故选 A。 4. E 前文“In a fire, remember to stay low to the ground. Smoke rises, making the air near the floor cleaner. Crawl on your hands and knees, using a damp cloth to cover your mouth and nose.”提到在火灾中要低姿势爬行并用湿布捂住口鼻，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，E项“这将帮助你避免吸入有害气体”解释了这样做的原因。故选 E。 5. C 前文“Once you've safely exited the building, call the emergency services immediately. Gather with your family or classmates at a predetermined safe location. Avoid using elevators and never go back inside the building.”说安全撤离后要打电话给紧急服务并在预定安全地点集合，C项“保持冷静并等待进一步通知”符合安全撤离后的做法。故选 C。 6. One possible version: First, find the pin on top of the extinguisher. Pull it out so that the extinguisher can work. Second, aim at the base of the fire—not the top! Third, squeeze the handle down hard, like squeezing a water gun. Fourth, sweep the extinguisher slowly left and right. Keep doing this until the fire is completely gone. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $