专题01 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，安徽专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为高中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选安徽多地高一下期末试题，聚焦“人与环境”“人与社会”主题，涵盖冰山影响、AI图像识别、柔性电池等前沿话题，情境真实且贴近生活，有效提升学生语言理解与思维分析能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|每篇4小题|环保（A23a冰山、可食用水球）、科技（AI图像、柔性电池）、社会文化（有声书、毕加索艺术）|以真实科研案例（如厨房海绵细菌研究）和社会热点（OECD基础技能报告）设题，分层考查细节理解（词义猜测）、推理判断（态度分析）及主旨归纳，契合高考命题趋势|

专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与环境——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期末） The world’s largest iceberg has got stuck on the sea floor around 55 miles from South Georgia, an island in the South Atlantic Ocean. The iceberg, called A23a, has been floating north from Antarctica towards the island since 2020. Researchers were worried that it would hit South Georgia, which is home to lots of wildlife, but this may no longer be a risk now that the iceberg has come to a stop. A23a, which weighs nearly 1,000 billion tons, first formed in 1986. It was once about 3,900 square kilometres but it has been shrinking over time. Even so, it is still twice the size of Greater London. It broke off from the Filchner Ice Shelf, which is a large area of ice floating in the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica. The iceberg got stuck on the sea floor for more than 30 years and then broke free and started moving in 2020. Last year, it got caught in strong ocean currents that made it circle around in one place for months. It escaped from its circle at the end of 2024 and continued its journey. There are millions of penguins and seals living on the island of South Georgia. These animals get food from the sea for themselves and their young. Researchers were worried that if A23a crashed into the island, the animals would have to use a lot of energy to get around it and reach food. However, Dr Andrew Meijers from the British Antarctica Survey said that if the iceberg stays grounded, the team “don’t expect it to greatly affect the local wildlife”. Now that it is in warmer waters, A23a should start melting and breaking up. Broken pieces of ice could make it difficult for fishing boats to sail in the area. As it melts, the iceberg will send fresh water into the salty ocean, which may affect some animals, such as krill, which penguins eat. However, nutrients trapped in the ice will also be slowly released into the sea, which could help wildlife grow. 1．What worried scientists most before iceberg A23a got stuck near South Georgia? A．Its rapid melting speed. B．Its possible danger to wildlife. C．Its unusual floating movement. D．Its potential damage to coastal homes. 2．What does the underlined word “shrinking” in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Moving faster. B．Spreading wider. C．Becoming smaller. D．Growing heavier. 3．What is Dr. Andrew Meijers’ attitude toward the iceberg’s present influence? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The challenges of tracking iceberg A23a. B．The journey and impact of iceberg A23a. C．The role of climate change in iceberg A23a. D．The methods to prevent threats from iceberg A23a. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽宣城·期末） Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．What encourages bacterial growth. B．How sponges are exactly structured. C．How bacteria grow independently. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Poorly adaptive. B．Relatively harmless. C．Partly distributed. D．Surprisingly unpleasant. 4．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Evidence of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to help bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽金榜教育·期末） Are we losing our wildlife to benches and parks? New research shows how smart designs can avoid it. Across the United States, more than 440 national parks and 7,400 parks offer a variety of green spaces for people and pets. Yet, the United States Forest Service warns that urbanization (都市化), including park development, is reducing natural habitats for plants and animals, having a bad effect on wildlife survival. How can urban parks continue to be important places for wildlife, even as they are designed to meet the growing needs of people? A study by University of Florida scientists explores this balance and provides ways to achieve harmony for smart urban park design. Scientists studied the parks of one of the most populated counties in the Sunshine State — Broward. “We found that the size of the green space is a strong predictor of both human utility and biodiversity. Importantly, our findings highlight that green spaces need to be carefully designed to support biodiversity, but also a mix of green spaces with different goals is important,” says Corey Callaghan, senior author of the study. Urban green spaces are necessary to the health of the environment and the people who live in cities. They provide critical services like air and water purification, climate regulation, and opportunities for recreation. More than that, they sustain diverse forms of life by offering habitats to a variety of species, scientists found. Urban green spaces are critical because they serve as assets (资产，地产) within cities, supporting both ecological and social systems. These areas offer places for recreation, relaxation, and connection to nature — benefits that are closely tied to mental and physical well-being, Callaghan says. “Meanwhile, for biodiversity, green spaces provide essential habitats for birds, insects, mammals, and plants, helping to sustain populations in otherwise fragmented urban landscapes,” he says. “Ecologically, these spaces contribute to climate regulation by reducing the urban heat island effect, improving air and water quality, reducing flooding impacts , and sequestering carbon (碳封存).” This dual role — supporting human well-being and ecological health — makes urban green spaces essential as cities grow. To further enhance the coexistence of human activities and wildlife in urban green spaces, using modern technology and community involvement is essential. 1．What is the main concern raised about urban parks? A．They are too expensive to maintain. B．Their development may harm wildlife habitats. C．They are not attractive to visitors. D．They lack modern facilities. 2．What does the study by University of Florida scientists suggest about green spaces? A．Larger green spaces are less beneficial for biodiversity. B．Design and variety of green spaces are key to balancing human and wildlife needs. C．Urban parks should prioritize human recreation over wildlife protection. D．Natural forests rather than parks can support biodiversity effectively. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The impact of urbanization on wildlife. B．The role of technology in park design. C．The importance of urban green spaces. D．The challenges of maintaining urban parks. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The disadvantages of modern technology in parks. B．Examples of successful urban park designs. C．Ways to increase the number of pocket parks. D．The history of urban park development in the US. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·安徽蚌埠·期末） In 1996, someone ate a McDonald’s McChicken burger in Amsterdam. We don’t know the details, but something important happened. A nesting coot, a kind of bird, found the abandoned (丢弃的) wrapper and used it to line its nest (巢). That wrapper stayed there, leaving a mark on the local environment. Biologist Auke-Florian Hiemstra studies how people affect bird nests in Amsterdam’s canals (运河). He said birds are also “recording” our throw-away society. When he looked at nests in the canals, he found all kinds of old packaging from the early 1990s to last year. The Eurasian coot started coming to Amsterdam in the late 1980s. The packaging in the nests, like the 1996 McChicken wrapper, can show how long the species has been in the area. Hiemstra can tell the year of the packaging by looking at “best before” dates or logo designs. Nests have things like Mars bar packaging from the 1994 World Cup and, more recently, face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic. Birds usually make nests from branches and plants. But in cities, there aren’t many natural things. So, birds use a lot of plastic. Hiemstra thinks if we make cities greener, birds might go back to making natural nests. Hiemstra is upset about our “throw-away society”. Most plastic we make is still on Earth because it takes 20 to 500 years to decompose, and only 9% is recycled. We know single-use plastic is bad, but this research shows it’s already caused a lot of damage. 1．What does the discovery of the McChicken wrapper in the coot’s nest imply? A．The coot is an intelligent bird species. B．Amsterdam has a serious litter problem. C．It reflects the throwaway nature of human society. D．Birds have a preference for human-made materials. 2．How does Auke-Florian Hiemstra determine the age of the nests? A．By analyzing the size and structure of the nests. B．By observing the behavior of the birds that build the nests. C．By identifying the origin year of the packaging in the nests. D．By studying the types of natural materials used in the nests. 3．What does the underlined word “decompose” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Break down. B．Build up. C．Hand out. D．Kick off. 4．What is Hiemstra’s attitude towards the current “throw-away society”? A．Unconcerned. B．Unsatisfied. C．Supportive. D．Patient. 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期末） The National Literacy Trust (NLT) is a charity that encourages and helps children, young people and adults to read. It has just published the results of a study showing that in 2024, more than two in five young people enjoyed listening to audiobooks (有声书) in their free time. Almost all of the children surveyed said that listening to audio increased their interest in reading books too. The charity’s research also found that more than half of young listeners to audiobooks found them helpful for relaxing and made them feel better when they were stressed. Audiobooks can be enjoyed alone or together with friends or family, such as when you’re on a car journey—and the good news is that there are lots of different ways to get them. Audible, an audiobook platform, which is owned by Amazon, has about 70,000 children’s audiobooks ready for users on a monthly subscription. Spotify, the music-playing service, also offers audiobooks and it features a collection for children and families. Anyone with a Spotify subscription can listen to 15 hours of audiobooks every month. Apple and Google have audiobook stores for Apple and Android devices. Users can search for and buy individual books to listen to. Charities, including Listening Books and Calibre Audio, offer an online audiobook lending service for people who have a disability that makes it hard for them to read printed books. Devices created for audiobooks include Yoto and Toniebox speakers. These have their own stores selling a great selection of books and music to listen to. For people who prefer to listen to stories on CD, these can be bought online and many public libraries have a selection to borrow for free. If you’d like to give audiobooks a go but you don’t know what to listen to, you can find out more about the audiobooks on our website. 1．What did the study mainly find about young audiobook listeners? A．Some of them shared listening experiences. B．Few of them listened when they were stressed. C．Over 40% of them listened during leisure time. D．Nearly all of them developed their reading interest. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ways to get free audiobooks. B．Introduction to two audiobook platforms. C．Options to download audiobooks for families. D．Opportunities to enjoy audiobooks for children. 3．What special service do Listening Books and Calibre Audio provide? A．Online listening. B．Audiobook sales. C．Free individual subscriptions. D．Audiobook service for the disabled. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To compare different audiobook platforms. B．To report a charity’s study on youth reading habits. C．To promote audiobooks and provide access guidance. D．To stress the importance of charities in reading education. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期末） If you love art, then “Picasso” is going to speak a lot, and modern art is a result of Picasso’s works and he stands by as one of the legendary figures to give birth to modern art. Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who was born on October 25, 1881. Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time; he was a painter and his talent didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker, stage designer, and ceramicist. Due to his amazing skills, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields. One of Pablo’s amazing achievements was showing realism and the surrounding culture through his art. Picasso, along with another painter, Georges Braque, gave cubism birth. Cubism was a very unique art form representing realism. Cubism was inspired by the circumstances of the early 20th century. Picasso’s immersion in art did not stop with cubism as he wanted to make something more inspirational and thus came into existence — Collage. Collage was a different kind of art in which Picasso mixed several signs and gave them a viable meaning. Picasso received training from his father, who was an art teacher and a painter as well. Just at the age of 16, Pablo had already lost a liking to traditional art techniques and he desired to introduce something new. His exploration began when he joined the Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. That is when he came to know about his dislike of the traditional ways. He began to experiment with different styles of art. With time, Picasso’s style continued to develop. He explored different grounds like still life. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective. Picasso also did well in other forms of art. His most famous and politically charged work was “Guernica”. He produced this in response to the Spanish Civil War when the town of Guernica suffered a horrifying bombing. To this day, his work is a representation of war horrors. On April 8, 1973, Picasso passed away in the city of Mougins, France. He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day. 1．What does the birth of Cubism show? A．Traditional art forms are permanent. B．It originates from the realities of the early 20th century. C．Competition lies in art movements of that time. D．Art needs simplifying for the general public. 2．What can we conclude about Picasso’s early training? A．It restricted his creativity due to rigid rules. B．It inspired him to challenge traditional art. C．It made him abandon sculpture. D．It was unrelated to his later success. 3．Why did Picasso create “Guernica”? A．To showcase his technical skills in realism. B．To express his political views against war. C．To celebrate Spanish cultural heritage. D．To experiment with abstract forms. 4．How might Picasso’s works be described according to the text? A．Best-known in the field of sculpture. B．Rooted in his rejection of the past art patterns. C．Celebrated for its diversity and lasting influence. D．Focused on the contemporary art discussions. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽芜湖·期末） As technology advances, batteries are getting smaller and stronger. However, traditional rigid batteries often fail to meet the needs of modern devices like health-monitoring skin stickers or brain-controlled artificial limbs. These devices require batteries that can bend and stretch naturally with the human body. Ordinary batteries made of hard materials become unreliable when they are bent. Body movements may break their electrical paths, causing discomfort or failure. To solve this problem, scientists are developing flexible batteries using new materials. One breakthrough comes from an unexpected source — electric eels (电鳗). These creatures store energy using charged particles (带电粒子) in their cells, inspiring a new type of “Jelly Battery”. A team at the University of Cambridge developed soft, stretchable batteries called jelly batteries. Made from water-rich hydrogels (水凝胶) (over 60% water), they copy biological systems. Unlike regular batteries, jelly batteries work perfectly even when stretched 1.5 times their original length. “They adapt to body movements, making them ideal for implants in organs like the heart or brain,” explains researcher Stephen O’Neill. Jelly batteries create electricity like living things. They use differences in charged particles between layers, similar to nerve (神经) cells. While a single jelly battery produces only 0.1 volts (much less than a 1.5V AA battery), connecting many units can increase power. Surprisingly, they can repair themselves if damaged. “The hydrogel’s structure allows quick self-healing, perfect for extreme environments,” adds researcher Jade McCune. Beyond medical devices, jelly batteries could change soft robotics. Flexible parts would make robots safer around humans. They might power smart gloves helping stroke patients regain hand movement. Chinese researchers also created a similar hydrogel battery that survives repeated bending and self-heals after ten breaks. With costs similar to traditional batteries, mass production seems possible. The Cambridge team is now testing biocompatibility (生物相容性) but expects no issues since the batteries are mostly water. As wearable tech grows, these stretchable power sources could inspire endless innovations — from smart clothing to lifelike artificial limbs. The future of batteries isn’t just powerful, it’s flexible. 1．What inspired the scientists to design Jelly Battery? A．The movement of some creatures in the ocean. B．The energy storage of electric eels. C．The biological systems copied by water-rich hydrogels. D．The flexibility of human skin. 2．What is the main advantage of Jelly Battery mentioned in paragraph 2? A．They are cheaper to produce than regular batteries. B．They can bend and stretch with body movements. C．They use water as their primary energy source. D．They store energy longer than AA batteries. 3．What can be inferred about the self-healing ability of Jelly Battery? A．It makes them suitable for extreme environments. B．It allows daily use without charging. C．It stops them from working in high temperatures. D．It depends on endless power sources. 4．Which title best summarizes the main idea of the text? A．The Challenges of Developing Batteries B．How Hydrogels Are Improving Medical Devices C．From Electric Eels to Jelly Battery: A New Energy Era D．The Role of Jelly in Modern Battery Technology Passage 4 （24-25高一下·安徽蚌埠·期末） I like scrolling (滚屏) through social media more than posting. It’s my daily way to relax. Before, my feed was full of perfect tiny homes, making me dream of a minimalist life. But then, AI-generated images with obvious flaws (瑕疵) showed up. Some had staircases going nowhere, and some had sinks inside sinks. Strangely, few commenters pointed these out. They just praised the overall look. It made me wonder: did people not spot (发现) these mistakes, or did they not care? I study how people understand visual information. Our eyes aren’t great at spotting small details when we casually scroll. We usually just get the big picture and miss the little things that don’t match. Our visual attention is like a zoom lens (变焦镜头). We scan things quickly, and focusing on details takes extra effort. Our ability to sense things evolved to spot dangers fast in nature, choosing speed over precision. This was good for early humans, but not for modern scrolling. So, small errors in AI-generated images often go unnoticed. There’s also something called inattentional blindness. When we focus on one thing, we overlook other details, even if they’re obvious. Just like in the famous invisible gorilla (大猩猩) study. People counting basketball passes didn’t notice a person in a gorilla suit walking by. Similarly, when we look at an AI image, we might miss its flaws while focusing on the main part. Our thinking has two types: fast and intuitive (凭直觉的), and slow and analytical. When scrolling, the fast-thinking part usually takes charge, making us accept images easily. Also, we tend to accept information that fits our beliefs and ignore the rest. So, AI-generated images that match what we expect can fool us. For pictures of tiny homes, the flaws might not matter much. But when AI-generated images are used to influence public opinion, it’s a big problem. Research shows people often assume images support the text, even if there’s no real proof. Misleading images can make false things seem true. AI-generated images can spread wrong information, and it’s hard to stop. To avoid being misled, we should slow down, look closely, and think carefully. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To display the diversity of social media content. B．To introduce the author’s daily social media habits. C．To explain the popularity of Al-generated images on social media. D．To present the author’s concern about public reactions to AI-generated images. 2．Which of the following is a reason why people fail to spot AI-generated images? A．People’s visual systems tend to overlook details during casual scrolling. B．AI-generated images are much more attractive than real ones. C．The slow-thinking system helps people analyze images thoroughly. D．People have the same behavior as a gorilla does while scrolling. 3．What can we infer from the text about the impact of Al-generated images? A．They are gradually losing their popularity due to obvious flaws. B．They merely serve as artistic additions without any real influence. C．They present a significant threat by aiding the spread of false information. D．They can be effortlessly identified once people know basic detection skills. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Rise of AI-Generated Images on Social Media B．Why We Fail to Spot AI-Generated Images on Social Media C．The Impact of AI-Generated Images on Public Opinion D．How to Improve Our Ability to Detect AI-Generated Images Passage 5 （24-25高一下·安徽芜湖·期末） Data from the OECD (经合组织) released on December 10th shows adults in rich countries have worse reading and math skills than ten years ago. The organization tests adults(aged 16-65) every ten years on skills for daily life, from factory work to understanding news. Results from 31 countries are worrying — 20% of adults do no better than primary school kids in math and reading. Over the past ten years, reading scores went down in most countries, and math scores fell in many — even though adults have more education than before. Changes in population, such as immigrants (移民) having trouble with the language, or people’s age explain part of this, but the trend is still bad — probably because of social media or shortcomings of education systems. Basic reading and math skills aren’t taken seriously today. People talk more about “soft skills” like social skills and the hype(宣扬) about AI makes basic skills seem old-fashioned. But OECD finds that adults failing these tests earn less, have poorer health, feel left out of politics. The gap between the best and worst performers is growing, mostly because the worst are getting worse. What can we do to make things better? First, we must keep improving kids’ education. If countries make sure every student learns strong reading and math skills early, more adults in the future will have these basics. Take England as an example — their young people do better — maybe because of their tougher exams. Second, building better adult education systems is important. Many adults today can’t afford extra classes, but if governments spend more money on free or cheap courses, more people can learn new skills. And online lessons are easier for busy people to join. The future doesn’t have to be disappointing. If we start acting now, for kids and adults, we can change this trend and make sure everyone has the reading and math skills they need. It’s never too late to learn! 1．What problem do the OECD test results show? A．Young adults perform worse than older generations in exams. B．Adults in rich countries spend too much time on social media. C．About 20% of adults have math and reading skills no higher than school kids. D．Immigrants and older people are the primary reason for the decline in basic skills. 2．Which one of the following might be a “soft skill”? A．Repairing car engines. B．Solving math problems. C．Team communication in meetings. D．Text understanding for news reports. 3．What can be inferred from the example of England mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Young people in England are less influenced by social media. B．Stricter academic test may contribute to better basic skills in children. C．England has the most effective education system in the world. D．Adult education programs in England are more affordable and accessible to people. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The role of technology in shaping modern trends. B．The challenges faced by adult education systems worldwide. C．The importance of balancing hard and soft skills in education. D．The decline of basic skills in rich countries and ways to improve it. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·安徽金榜教育·期末） In his book on basketball great Bill Bradley, writer John McPhee proposes that Bradley’s greatest asset had little to do with speed, strength, or flexibility. It had to do with his eyes. The work of University of Notre Dame researcher Matthew Robison suggests that McPhee may have been onto something. In a recent study, Robison documented a phenomenon in eye movement that links a steady, focused gaze with higher levels of performance. He made the discovery thanks to the unique capabilities of his lab, which includes over a dozen advanced instruments for tracking eye movement. These devices capture images of the eyes every four milliseconds, providing 250 frames per second. This detailed look at the eyes allows Robi-son to “read” the complex language of minute eye movement. Recently, though, Robison has been most interested not in why our eyes move, but in why we might — or might want to — keep them still. He was inspired to explore the meaning of a steady gaze by the work of applied sports psychologists helping athletes achieve high levels of performance. “Sports psychologists regularly advise that if you’re shooting a free throw in basketball, pick a spot on the edge and focus on it for a few seconds. Then shoot the free throw. The advice seems sound in many cases. But the causal pathway behind this phenomenon has not been thoroughly demonstrated or explained.” Robison explains. Robison assumed that a steady gaze had to do with attention control and better performance. To test his assumption, he recruited（招募）nearly 400 participants. Robison found that across the board, those participants who kept their gaze steady in the moments just before being called upon to complete a task performed with greater speed and with greater accuracy. His work suggested another question for Robison to explore: Would it be possible to train individuals to perform better by training them in developing a steadier gaze? So Robison launched a new three-year project focused on answering it. 1．What can be inferred about McPhee’s observation of Bill Bradley? A．It lacked a scientific basis at the time. B． It revolutionized basketball training. C．It matched later scientific findings. D．It contradicted traditional coaching methods. 2．What does the underlined word “minute” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Time-related. B．Extremely small. C．Carefully recorded. D．Scientifically important. 3．What is Robison’s attitude toward the sports psychology advice? A．Indifferent due to lack of theoretical support. B．Temporarily acceptable but requiring evidence. C．Supportive without reservation. D．Critical of its oversimplification. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Evolution of Basketball Training Techniques B．Eye Tracking Technology: From Theory to Practice C．The Science Behind a Steady Gaze and Peak Performance D．Bill Bradley: A Case Study in Athletic Excellence 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽太和·期末） A new study from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that eating dark chocolate, but not milk chocolate, may be linked to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) (2型糖尿病) . “Our findings suggest that not all chocolate is created equal,” said lead author BinkaiLiu, a doctoral student in the Department of Nutrition. “For anyone who loves chocolate, this is are minder that making small choices, like choosing dark chocolate over milk chocolate, can make a positive difference to their health.” There’s a lot of research on how chocolate might be linked to T2D, but the results don’t always agree. Also, not many studies look at the differences between types of chocolate, like dark chocolate and milk chocolate. The researchers seek to fill this gap using data (数据) from the Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, as well as the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. During more than 30 years, 192,000 grown-ups who didn’t have diabetes when the study started told researchers about what they ate, like how much chocolate they had, and also about whether they got diabetes and how much they weighed. By the end of the study period, nearly 19,000 people reported being diagnosed (诊断) with T2D． Of the nearly 112,000 who reported specifically on their dark and milk chocolate intake, nearly 5,000 were diagnosed with T2D． The study found that those who consumed (吃；喝) at least five ounces of any type of chocolate per week had a 10% lower risk of developing T2D compared to those who never or rarely ate chocolate. Dark chocolate had an even bigger impact: those who consumed at least five servings of this chocolate per week showed a 21% lower risk of T2D． The researchers also observed (观察) a 3% reduction in risk for every serving of dark chocolate eaten per week. Eating milk chocolate, meanwhile, was not linked to reduced T2D risk. Increased eating milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was linked to long-term weight gain, a potential contributor to the development of T2D． The researchers pointed out that the amount of chocolate people ate was less than what they usually eat in the country, as seen in past records. They also said that the results might not be the same for people who eat a lot of chocolate. 1．How was the new study conducted? A．By conducting experiments in a lab. B．By interviewing chocolate producers. C．By studying data from long-term health studies. D．By letting people eat different types of chocolate. 2．What is the relationship between eatıng milk chocolate and weight gain? A．Milk chocolate stops weight gain. B．Milk chocolate is linked to weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is linked to weight loss. D．There is no relationship between them. 3．What might be a problem with the study’s results? A．The study didn’t have kids in it. B．The study didn’t look at family history. C．Only one kind of chocolate was examined. D．The findings of this study don’t apply to everyone. 4．What does the text manly talk about? A．The health benefits of all types of chocolate. B．Chocolate consumption can prevent weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is more beneficial for T2D avoidance. D．Eating dark chocolate could reduce the risk of diabetes. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·淮北一中·期末） Nursing homes have increasingly turned to robots to complete a variety of care tasks. A new study from a University of Notre Dame expert on the future of work finds that robot use is associated with increased employment and employee retention (留住), improved productivity and a higher quality of care. The research has important implications for the workplace and the long-term care industry. Yong Suk Lee, associate professor of technology, economy and global affairs, was the lead author for the study. “Our research focused on Japan because it is a super-aging society that provides a good example of what the future could involve elsewhere — a declining population, a growing share of senior citizens and a declining share of working-age people,” Lee said, “We need to be ready for this new reality.” In a future where there are more senior citizens requiring care, using robots in a targeted fashion could benefit workers and patients alike, Lee said. The study analyzed three types of robots that are increasingly used in assisted living facilities. Transfer robots, which nurses use to lift, move and rotate patients in beds and around rooms. Mobility robots, which patients use to move around and to bathe. Monitoring and communication robots, which include technologies such as computer vision and bed sensors that can record and examine patient data such as movement and share it with care providers. “We found that robot adoption aids care workers by reducing quit rates. This is important because employee turnover is a big concern in nursing homes. Workers typically experience a great deal of physical pain, particularly in their knees and back. The work is hard and the pay is low. So robot use was associated with employee retention.” Lee said, “Robots can improve productivity by shifting the tasks performed by care workers to those involving human touch, empathy and flexibility. Ultimately, robots can help workers provide a higher level of patient care.” “This research provides critical insights into how societies can successfully navigate the challenges of caring for aging populations,” Lee said. 1．Why did Yong Suk Lee focus his research on Japan? A．It encourages the elderly care industry. B．It has a sound foundation for robot nursing. C．Its super-aging society well reflects the trend. D．It owns the most advanced robots in the world. 2．What does the underlined word “rotate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．treat. B．examine. C．monitor. D．reposition. 3．Why does robot adoption reduce workers’ quit rates? A．It solves the issue of low pay. B．It eases their heavy working burden. C．It offers a good working environment. D．It helps to treat their occupational injuries. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Japan’s exploration represents the care industry. B．High quality care for the elderly should be advocated. C．Nursing robots benefit staff retention and patient care. D．Robot adoption in nursing requires critical examination. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期末） Under experimental status, the first flying electric car has officially been cleared for takeoff. This week, Alef Aeronautics revealed its flying car “Model A” was granted legal permission from the Federal Aviation Administration to test run the vehicle on the road and in the sky - a move needed before it can be released to the public. Alef is the first company to receive a Special Airworthiness Certification from the FAA, the company said in a news release. The certification limits the locations and purpose for which the vehicle is allowed to fly. The vehicle will also need to meet National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration safety standards before taking flight. But the company’s CEO Jim Dukhovny says the company is “hopeful” that the certification “will be our next step. ” “The historical significance of this cannot be overstated. While there have been pioneers like Terrafugia, Paul Moller, and Henry Ford, this is the first time a vehicle, in the traditional sense (parks and drives like a car, functions like a car, looks like a car) , has received permission to fly. It’s also important that Alef is the first electric car which received permission to fly. And, last but not least, the ability for vertical (垂直的) takeoff is central to most people’s conception of a ‘flying car’. The flying car is now available for preorder, the Santa Clara, California-based company posted on its website. Carrying one or two passengers, the vehicle will sell for about $300, 000. The “Model A” is 100% electric, drivable on public roads and has vertical takeoff and landing capabilities, the company wrote in its release. The car will be a Low Speed Vehicle, meaning it won’t go faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved surface. If a driver needs a faster route, they will be able to use the vehicle’s flight capabilities, according to Alef. As of Friday, presales were open, with interested customers able to pay a $150 deposit to get on the waiting list, or $1, 500 for a priority spot on the list’s queue. The company, founded in 2015, has been test driving and flying the car’s prototype (原型) since 2019. The version customers could receive has a driving range of 200 miles and a flight range of 110 miles. 1．According to the article, what is the current status of the first flying electric car? A．It has met all safety standards. B．It has been released to the public. C．It is waiting for official permission from the FAA． D．It is in a state of being tested as an experiment. 2．What can we learn about the “Model A” flying car from the passage? A．It can carry up to three passengers. B．It has been available for preorder since 2015. C．It is only allowed to fly in certain locations and for specific purposes. D．It doesn’t need a prototype for further development as it’s already perfect. 3．What is the purpose of the vehicle’s flight capabilities? A．To offer a unique and thrilling experience to passengers. B．To enable drivers to avoid traffic and reach their destinations faster. C．To allow the vehicle to access remote or inaccessible areas. D．To offer a unique and fun experience for the occupants. 4．In which column can you find the passage? A．Technology B．Lifestyle C．Entertainment D．Sports Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽联考·期末） At 6 a.m. in an English village, hundreds of pinkish white sows are waking up for breakfast. But first, they have to get their pictures taken. As each pig squeezes into her feeding area, a tiny camera snaps a photo of her face. And in less than 1 second, an artificial intelligence system identifies her based on facial features. Armed with that information, the AIorders a customized meal to shoot into the trough (食槽). Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room. These hungry piggies are the testers of Intellipig, a system being developed by scientists to deal with a fundamental problem in animal welfare: we human beings are just not the best at understanding how animals are feeling. Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives. But like most scientists considering the powers of AI, animal behavior researchers worry about putting too much stock in machines, especially when animal welfare is at risk. “Maybe a machine will end up being better than us; I don’t know,” says Emma Baxter, an animal behavior scientist. “I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.” 1．What can the Intellipig system do automatically? A．Monitor pigs’ well-being. B．Clean pigs’ living spaces. C．Deliver medical services to pigs. D．Provide standardized diets for pigs. 2．What is Melvyn Smith’s attitude towards AI’s role in animal care? A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Skeptical. 3．What approach does Emma Baxter support when it comes to AI and animal care? A．Banning the use of AI. B．Restricting AI to basic tasks. C．Keeping professionals involved. D．Minimizing human intervention. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Intellipig: AI Provides 24/7 Animal Care B．Intellipig: AI Can Understand Animal Speech C．Intellipig: AI Replaces Farmers in Animal Care D．Intellipig: AI Assists in Detecting Animal Emotions Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期末） Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gold crowns (齿冠), scientists are exploring how gold can be used to repair damaged parts of the brain. Scientists at Linkoping University in Sweden said that a “brain of gold” might just be what we need to fight nervous system diseases. The plan is to put gold electrodes (电极) into the affected part of the brain. They will act as “telephone operators” between nerve cells and electronic medical devices, enabling communication so that the nervous system can function normally. Treatment plans that involve connecting medical devices to the brain already exist. However, the electrodes used are usually made of hard metals, while the brain is like a jelly that “shakes” at the body’s slightest movement. “As the body is constantly in motion, achieving close contact between something that is hard and something that is soft and breakable becomes a problem,” explained Klas Tybrandt, one of the scientists. This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gold nanowires” (金纳米线). As the name suggests, these are long, extremely thin gold threads — 1,000 times thinner than human hair. By putting them into rubber, the scientists have successfully created electrodes that are soft enough to connect comfortably with the human brain. Gold can be made into structures as small as nanowires. According to Live Science, gold can be stretched, pressed or even rolled into all kinds of shapes without breaking. What’s more, gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain, making it a safe choice. Once placed in the brain, gold nanowires can last for at least three years, which is longer than many materials currently in use. 1．What role will gold electrodes play in treating nervous system diseases? A．Replacing damaged nerve cells. B．Serving as a communication link. C．Activating different brain regions. D．Protecting the brain’s unaffected parts. 2．What can we learn about gold nanowires? A．They are harder than rubber. B．They are as thin as human hair. C．They can be placed into the brain. D．They are in the final stage of development. 3．Why is gold a safe choice for use in the brain? A．It can be stretched by the brain. B．It can be made into various shapes. C．It is being used to create soft electrodes. D．It has no negative impact on the brain’s functions. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The unique properties of gold nanowires. B．The history of gold use in the medical field. C．The current applications of gold in the brain. D．The potential use of gold in nervous system treatment. 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·淮北一中·期末） In a very important journey to make space travel better for the environment, scientists have successfully launched LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite, aboard a SpaceX rocket. The satellite is going on a trip to bring more things to the International Space Station (ISS), where it will be launched into orbit in the coming month. The pioneering project was developed by Kyoto University scientists and Sumitomo Forestry, which is a big step in finding new ways to be good for the environment when we use technology in space. LignoSat’s purpose is to see whether wood could be a proper material in space. The satellite is set to orbit Earth for six months, staying strong in the tough space environment while scientists watch how well it holds up. Wood, surprisingly strong in space due to the absence of oxygen and water, could offer a solution to a significant problem facing the satellite industry: metal pieces from retired satellites re-entering Earth’s atmosphere. Traditional metal satellites often generate metal particles upon burning up, but LignoSat, designed to break up harmlessly on re-entry, has the potential to avoid this environmental impact altogether. Koji Murata, a professor from Kyoto University who studies forests, said that because wood could last a long time without oxygen, it might be a good material to use for spaceships, reducing environmental harm when the satellite returns to Earth. The satellite was put in a specialized container (容器) by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and flew into space safely, according to a post on the Internet. Sumitomo Forestry’s spokesperson said the satellite’s journey went well and that it would soon arrive at the ISS, where it will then be launched into space. 1．What can be learned about LignoSat? A．It’s made of metal. B．It’s a wooden satellite. C．It looks like a SpaceX rocket. D．It’s near the International Space Station 2．What is the main purpose of LignoSat? A．To make the journey to space faster. B．To discover water sources in space. C．To bring space materials back to Earth. D．To test if wood is suitable for use in space. 3．What benefit does wood offer compared to metal for satellites according to paragraph 3? A．It is more environment-friendly. B．It can be found more easily. C．It provides more strength. D．It is cheaper. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．ISS: Wooden Addition B．LignoSat: Beyond Profit C．First Wooden Satellite: Eco-Space Travel D．SpaceX: Green Satellite Launch Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽省联考·期末） In recent years, edible water balls have emerged as a creative way to reduce plastic waste. These small, transparent balls, often referred to as “water pods,” hold drinking water inside a biodegradable cover made from natural materials like seaweed. Unlike plastic bottles that take centuries to break down, these edible containers can melt in the mouth quickly or be turned into natural fertilizer, offering a promising alternative to address pollution. The science behind edible water balls relies on a process called spherification (球化技术), which was first applied in cooking experiments to shape liquids into round forms using special chemicals. While this method has been popularized in high-end restaurants for creating visually appealing dishes, scientists have adapted it for mass production to tackle global sustainability challenges. Each pod, typically holding 50-100 milliliters of water, is produced strong enough to be carried without breaking, making it convenient for people at sports events, festivals, or daily travel. One of the most significant advantages of edible water balls lies in their potential to dramatically cut down single-use plastic consumption. A study conducted by environmental researchers estimated that replacing just 10% of plastic bottles with edible alternatives could remove over 5 billion plastic units annually, thus reducing ocean pollution and protecting marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the production process requires fewer fossil fuels compared to plastic manufacturing, contributing to lower carbon emissions and matching international climate goals outlined in agreements like the Paris Accord. Despite their benefits, edible water pods face challenges in widespread adoption. Critics say their production cost is high because the cover must be both strong and quick to break down naturally, making them less affordable for low-income populations. Plus, people may worry about cleanliness and feel uncomfortable with the idea of eating from packaging, which requires education to shift consumer behavior. In conclusion, edible water balls represent a combination of innovation and sustainability, offering a real step toward a plastic-free future: As technology advances and social awareness grows, this novel solution may soon become a mainstream choice, reshaping how humanity interacts with one of its most vital resources differently — water. 1．What can be learned about water pods from Paragraph 1? A．The containers are easy to break down. B．The containers are made from recycled plastic. C．They were first used to fight pollution. D．They can replace natural fertilizer. 2．Why are water pods eco-friendly according to the passage? A．They can be recycled into plastic materials easily. B．They are recommended by the Paris Accord. C．They enhance water flavor and safety. D．They are produced with less energy. 3．What makes it tough to employ water pods widely? A．Being inconvenient to carry and terrible flavor. B．Costliness and denial of consumers. C．The shortage of raw materials to make them. D．The doubt of their safety. 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Social awareness will affect the promotion of water pods. B．The design of water pods conflicts with human needs. C．Water pods are suitable for mainstream markets. D．Water pods will change the feature of water. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期末） A team of researchers in Florida may have just created the world’s coolest paint ever. Chanda, a researcher in the University of Central Florida, and his team have created a way to imitate copy nature’s ability to reflect light and create beautifully vivid color without absorbing any heat like traditional pigments (色素) do. They focus on exploring structural color (结构色) and how people could use it to live cooler in a rapidly warming world. Structural colors are created not from traditional pigmentation but from the arrangement of colorless materials to reflect light in certain ways, like how rainbows are made after it rains. Think about the most beautiful colors you’ve ever seen — forest green, wine red or crystal blue, some of which, however, are nearly impossible to recreate artificially. That’s because these beautiful colors are not achieved through pigments — they’re all in the structure, like the green of peacocks’ feathers. Think about those cherries that redden your mouth after eating them or when your jeans turned green from sitting in wet grass. These are pigments. To create these colors, synthetic (合成的) materials like heavy metals are used to create vivid paints. Chanda stressed, “A deep blue needs cobalt; a deep red needs cadmium. They are toxic. We are contaminating our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials.” Beyond the beautiful colors and safety that structure can provide, Chanda also found that unlike pigments, structural paint does not absorb heat but reflects light back. That’s why people are advised to wear lighter colors in hotter days and why many buildings are painted white. This means this eco-friendly paint could help communities keep cool in an increasingly warming climate. “Nature has followed the path to create harmony among our surroundings,” Chanda said. “We want to be colorful but our color production is not really supported or inspired by nature. I hope this paint could be the future to a healthier, cooler environment.” 1．Which of the following colors doesn’t belong to structural colors? A．The green of peacocks’ feathers. B．The orange of bright rainbows. C．The blue of butterfly wings. D．The purple of ripe grapes. 2．What does the underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Neutral. B．Useless. C．Attractive. D．Harmful. 3．Which of the following best describes the advantages of the newly-created paint? A．Traditional, healthy and cooling. B．Colorless, healthy and artificial. C．Vivid, eco-friendly and cooling. D．Vivid, man-made and eco-friendly. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The paint of structural color could help people live cooler and healthier. B．Traditional approaches of color production remain to be improved. C．Human beings should respect the harmony of our surroundings. D．Many attractive colors couldn’t be recreated artificially. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与环境——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期末） The world’s largest iceberg has got stuck on the sea floor around 55 miles from South Georgia, an island in the South Atlantic Ocean. The iceberg, called A23a, has been floating north from Antarctica towards the island since 2020. Researchers were worried that it would hit South Georgia, which is home to lots of wildlife, but this may no longer be a risk now that the iceberg has come to a stop. A23a, which weighs nearly 1,000 billion tons, first formed in 1986. It was once about 3,900 square kilometres but it has been shrinking over time. Even so, it is still twice the size of Greater London. It broke off from the Filchner Ice Shelf, which is a large area of ice floating in the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica. The iceberg got stuck on the sea floor for more than 30 years and then broke free and started moving in 2020. Last year, it got caught in strong ocean currents that made it circle around in one place for months. It escaped from its circle at the end of 2024 and continued its journey. There are millions of penguins and seals living on the island of South Georgia. These animals get food from the sea for themselves and their young. Researchers were worried that if A23a crashed into the island, the animals would have to use a lot of energy to get around it and reach food. However, Dr Andrew Meijers from the British Antarctica Survey said that if the iceberg stays grounded, the team “don’t expect it to greatly affect the local wildlife”. Now that it is in warmer waters, A23a should start melting and breaking up. Broken pieces of ice could make it difficult for fishing boats to sail in the area. As it melts, the iceberg will send fresh water into the salty ocean, which may affect some animals, such as krill, which penguins eat. However, nutrients trapped in the ice will also be slowly released into the sea, which could help wildlife grow. 1．What worried scientists most before iceberg A23a got stuck near South Georgia? A．Its rapid melting speed. B．Its possible danger to wildlife. C．Its unusual floating movement. D．Its potential damage to coastal homes. 2．What does the underlined word “shrinking” in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Moving faster. B．Spreading wider. C．Becoming smaller. D．Growing heavier. 3．What is Dr. Andrew Meijers’ attitude toward the iceberg’s present influence? A．Objective. B．Critical. C．Concerned. D．Positive. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The challenges of tracking iceberg A23a. B．The journey and impact of iceberg A23a. C．The role of climate change in iceberg A23a. D．The methods to prevent threats from iceberg A23a. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰山A23a从南极漂移至南乔治亚岛附近的历程，分析了其对野生动物的潜在威胁及融化可能带来的生态影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchers were worried that it would hit South Georgia, which is home to lots of wildlife (研究人员曾担心冰山会撞击南乔治亚岛——这里是众多野生动物的栖息地)”可知，此前科学家最担忧这座冰山对岛上野生动物构成威胁。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“It was once about 3,900 square kilometres (它曾经的面积约为3900平方公里)”和下文“Even so, it is still twice the size of Greater London. (即便如此，它的面积仍是大伦敦地区的两倍)”可知，此处描述这座冰山的面积变化，应该是虽然其面积随时间而缩小，但目前仍很巨大，画线词意思是“缩小”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, Dr Andrew Meijers from the British Antarctica Survey said that if the iceberg stays grounded, the team “don’t expect it to greatly affect the local wildlife”. (然而，英国南极调查局的Andrew Meijers博士表示，如果冰山保持搁浅状态，研究团队认为其“不会对当地野生动物造成重大影响”)”可知，Andrew Meijers博士基于现状给出中性判断，未流露担忧或乐观情绪，其态度是客观的。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕A23a这座冰山的漂流历程及其影响展开，第一段说明冰山移动轨迹及搁浅现状，第二段介绍冰山形成与面积变化，第三段指出冰山对野生动物的潜在影响，最后一段预测冰山融化可能带来的生态效应。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽宣城·期末） Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 2．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．What encourages bacterial growth. B．How sponges are exactly structured. C．How bacteria grow independently. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 3．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Poorly adaptive. B．Relatively harmless. C．Partly distributed. D．Surprisingly unpleasant. 4．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Evidence of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to help bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list.(细菌知道如何在地球上顽强生存。不过，问它们最希望定居在何处的话，厨房用的海绵可能会高居榜首。)”可知，厨房用的海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要。)”可知，Lingchong You发现了是什么能促进细菌的生长。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段““The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(Quinlan说：“海绵上的绝大多数细菌并不会使人患病，它们只会让海绵散发出异味。”)”可知，Quinlan认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.(如果有害细菌真的出现在现场，这种海绵特殊的结构特性就会使其成为细菌滋生和繁殖的理想场所。而且有证据表明情况确实如此。)”可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明有害细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽金榜教育·期末） Are we losing our wildlife to benches and parks? New research shows how smart designs can avoid it. Across the United States, more than 440 national parks and 7,400 parks offer a variety of green spaces for people and pets. Yet, the United States Forest Service warns that urbanization (都市化), including park development, is reducing natural habitats for plants and animals, having a bad effect on wildlife survival. How can urban parks continue to be important places for wildlife, even as they are designed to meet the growing needs of people? A study by University of Florida scientists explores this balance and provides ways to achieve harmony for smart urban park design. Scientists studied the parks of one of the most populated counties in the Sunshine State — Broward. “We found that the size of the green space is a strong predictor of both human utility and biodiversity. Importantly, our findings highlight that green spaces need to be carefully designed to support biodiversity, but also a mix of green spaces with different goals is important,” says Corey Callaghan, senior author of the study. Urban green spaces are necessary to the health of the environment and the people who live in cities. They provide critical services like air and water purification, climate regulation, and opportunities for recreation. More than that, they sustain diverse forms of life by offering habitats to a variety of species, scientists found. Urban green spaces are critical because they serve as assets (资产，地产) within cities, supporting both ecological and social systems. These areas offer places for recreation, relaxation, and connection to nature — benefits that are closely tied to mental and physical well-being, Callaghan says. “Meanwhile, for biodiversity, green spaces provide essential habitats for birds, insects, mammals, and plants, helping to sustain populations in otherwise fragmented urban landscapes,” he says. “Ecologically, these spaces contribute to climate regulation by reducing the urban heat island effect, improving air and water quality, reducing flooding impacts , and sequestering carbon (碳封存).” This dual role — supporting human well-being and ecological health — makes urban green spaces essential as cities grow. To further enhance the coexistence of human activities and wildlife in urban green spaces, using modern technology and community involvement is essential. 1．What is the main concern raised about urban parks? A．They are too expensive to maintain. B．Their development may harm wildlife habitats. C．They are not attractive to visitors. D．They lack modern facilities. 2．What does the study by University of Florida scientists suggest about green spaces? A．Larger green spaces are less beneficial for biodiversity. B．Design and variety of green spaces are key to balancing human and wildlife needs. C．Urban parks should prioritize human recreation over wildlife protection. D．Natural forests rather than parks can support biodiversity effectively. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The impact of urbanization on wildlife. B．The role of technology in park design. C．The importance of urban green spaces. D．The challenges of maintaining urban parks. 4．What might be discussed in the following paragraph? A．The disadvantages of modern technology in parks. B．Examples of successful urban park designs. C．Ways to increase the number of pocket parks. D．The history of urban park development in the US. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，美国大量城市公园虽为市民和宠物提供了绿色空间，但其建设却正在侵占野生动物的天然栖息地。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Yet, the United States Forest Service warns that urbanization (都市化), including park development, is reducing natural habitats for plants and animals, having a bad effect on wildlife survival.(然而，美国林务局警告说，包括公园开发在内的城市化正在减少动植物的自然栖息地，对野生动物的生存产生不良影响。)”可知，美国林业局警告说，包括公园建设在内的城市化正在减少动植物的天然栖息地，对野生动物的生存造成不利影响。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“We found that the size of the green space is a strong predictor of both human utility and biodiversity. Importantly, our findings highlight that green spaces need to be carefully designed to support biodiversity, but also a mix of green spaces with different goals is important(我们发现绿地的大小是人类效用和生物多样性的一个强有力的预测指标。重要的是，我们的研究结果强调，绿色空间需要精心设计以支持生物多样性，但不同目标的绿色空间的混合也很重要)”可知，佛州大学的研究发现，绿地的大小对人类效益和生物多样性都有显著影响，强调需要精心设计绿地，并以不同目标的绿地组合来实现人与野生动物需求的平衡。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。第四段开头即指出“Urban green spaces are necessary to the health of the environment and the people who live in cities. They provide critical services like air and water purification, climate regulation, and opportunities for recreation. More than that, they sustain diverse forms of life by offering habitats to a variety of species, scientists found.(城市绿地对环境和城市居民的健康至关重要。它们提供重要的服务，如空气和水的净化、气候调节和娱乐机会。科学家们发现，不仅如此，它们还通过为各种物种提供栖息地来维持各种形式的生命。)”，随后详细阐述了城市绿地对环境的净化、气候调节、休闲娱乐、生态多样性以及人类身心健康的重要性。整段都在强调城市绿地的多重价值与必要性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“To further enhance the coexistence of human activities and wildlife in urban green spaces, using modern technology and community involvement is essential.(为了进一步促进城市绿地中人类活动和野生动物的共存，利用现代技术和社区参与至关重要。)”，接下来最自然的衔接是列举具体做法或成功案例，说明如何通过现代科技和社区参与实现人-野生动物共存。故选B项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·安徽蚌埠·期末） In 1996, someone ate a McDonald’s McChicken burger in Amsterdam. We don’t know the details, but something important happened. A nesting coot, a kind of bird, found the abandoned (丢弃的) wrapper and used it to line its nest (巢). That wrapper stayed there, leaving a mark on the local environment. Biologist Auke-Florian Hiemstra studies how people affect bird nests in Amsterdam’s canals (运河). He said birds are also “recording” our throw-away society. When he looked at nests in the canals, he found all kinds of old packaging from the early 1990s to last year. The Eurasian coot started coming to Amsterdam in the late 1980s. The packaging in the nests, like the 1996 McChicken wrapper, can show how long the species has been in the area. Hiemstra can tell the year of the packaging by looking at “best before” dates or logo designs. Nests have things like Mars bar packaging from the 1994 World Cup and, more recently, face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic. Birds usually make nests from branches and plants. But in cities, there aren’t many natural things. So, birds use a lot of plastic. Hiemstra thinks if we make cities greener, birds might go back to making natural nests. Hiemstra is upset about our “throw-away society”. Most plastic we make is still on Earth because it takes 20 to 500 years to decompose, and only 9% is recycled. We know single-use plastic is bad, but this research shows it’s already caused a lot of damage. 1．What does the discovery of the McChicken wrapper in the coot’s nest imply? A．The coot is an intelligent bird species. B．Amsterdam has a serious litter problem. C．It reflects the throwaway nature of human society. D．Birds have a preference for human-made materials. 2．How does Auke-Florian Hiemstra determine the age of the nests? A．By analyzing the size and structure of the nests. B．By observing the behavior of the birds that build the nests. C．By identifying the origin year of the packaging in the nests. D．By studying the types of natural materials used in the nests. 3．What does the underlined word “decompose” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Break down. B．Build up. C．Hand out. D．Kick off. 4．What is Hiemstra’s attitude towards the current “throw-away society”? A．Unconcerned. B．Unsatisfied. C．Supportive. D．Patient. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍生物学家奥克 - 弗洛里安・希姆斯特拉研究发现阿姆斯特丹运河中鸟类巢穴里有各种人类丢弃的包装，这反映了人类社会的一次性消费特点，同时提到塑料降解时间长，对环境造成诸多破坏，希姆斯特拉对这种 “一次性社会” 现状不满。。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“He said birds are also “recording” our throw-away society. When he looked at nests in the canals, he found all kinds of old packaging from the early 1990s to last year.(他说，鸟类也在“记录”我们的一次性社会。当他查看运河里的鸟巢时，发现了从20世纪90年代初到去年的各种旧包装。)” 可知，发现麦香鸡包装纸暗示了人类社会的一次性本质。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hiemstra can tell the year of the packaging by looking at “best before” dates or logo designs. Nests have things like Mars bar packaging from the 1994 World Cup and, more recently, face masks from the COVID-19 pandemic.(希姆斯特拉可以通过查看 “最佳食用日期” 或标志设计来判断包装的年份。鸟巢里有诸如 1994 年世界杯期间的玛氏巧克力棒包装，以及更近一些的、新冠疫情期间的口罩之类的东西。)”可知，他通过确定巢中包装的年份来判断鸟巢的年代。故选C项。 3．词义猜测题。根据第五段“Most plastic we make is still on Earth because it takes 20 to 500 years to decompose, and only 9% is recycled.(我们制造的大多数塑料仍然存在于地球上，因为它们需要20到500年才能decompose，而且只有9%被回收利用。)”可猜测，这里指塑料垃圾太多需要很长时间才能分解，所以猜测decompose意为“分解”。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Hiemstra is upset about our “throw-away society”. (希姆斯特拉对我们的 “一次性社会” 感到不安。)”和“We know single-use plastic is bad, but this research shows it’s already caused a lot of damage.(我们知道一次性塑料是不好的，但这项研究表明它已经造成了很大的损害。)”可知，他对当前的“一次性社会”不满意。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期末） The National Literacy Trust (NLT) is a charity that encourages and helps children, young people and adults to read. It has just published the results of a study showing that in 2024, more than two in five young people enjoyed listening to audiobooks (有声书) in their free time. Almost all of the children surveyed said that listening to audio increased their interest in reading books too. The charity’s research also found that more than half of young listeners to audiobooks found them helpful for relaxing and made them feel better when they were stressed. Audiobooks can be enjoyed alone or together with friends or family, such as when you’re on a car journey—and the good news is that there are lots of different ways to get them. Audible, an audiobook platform, which is owned by Amazon, has about 70,000 children’s audiobooks ready for users on a monthly subscription. Spotify, the music-playing service, also offers audiobooks and it features a collection for children and families. Anyone with a Spotify subscription can listen to 15 hours of audiobooks every month. Apple and Google have audiobook stores for Apple and Android devices. Users can search for and buy individual books to listen to. Charities, including Listening Books and Calibre Audio, offer an online audiobook lending service for people who have a disability that makes it hard for them to read printed books. Devices created for audiobooks include Yoto and Toniebox speakers. These have their own stores selling a great selection of books and music to listen to. For people who prefer to listen to stories on CD, these can be bought online and many public libraries have a selection to borrow for free. If you’d like to give audiobooks a go but you don’t know what to listen to, you can find out more about the audiobooks on our website. 1．What did the study mainly find about young audiobook listeners? A．Some of them shared listening experiences. B．Few of them listened when they were stressed. C．Over 40% of them listened during leisure time. D．Nearly all of them developed their reading interest. 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Ways to get free audiobooks. B．Introduction to two audiobook platforms. C．Options to download audiobooks for families. D．Opportunities to enjoy audiobooks for children. 3．What special service do Listening Books and Calibre Audio provide? A．Online listening. B．Audiobook sales. C．Free individual subscriptions. D．Audiobook service for the disabled. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To compare different audiobook platforms. B．To report a charity’s study on youth reading habits. C．To promote audiobooks and provide access guidance. D．To stress the importance of charities in reading education. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。由国家识字信托基金会（NLT）的一项关于青少年有声书阅读情况的研究引出，主要介绍有声书受到青少年喜爱，能提升阅读兴趣、帮助放松，同时还介绍了获取有声书的多种途径。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It has just published the results of a study showing that in 2024, more than two in five young people enjoyed listening to audiobooks (有声书) in their free time.(该机构刚刚公布的一项研究结果显示，到2024年，超过五分之二的年轻人喜欢在空闲时间听有声读物)”可知，研究发现超过40%的年轻人喜欢在业余时间听有声读物。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Audible, an audiobook platform, which is owned by Amazon, has about 70,000 children’s audiobooks ready for users on a monthly subscription. Spotify, the music-playing service, also offers audiobooks and it features a collection for children and families. Anyone with a Spotify subscription can listen to 15 hours of audiobooks every month.(Audible是亚马逊旗下的一个有声书平台，每月有大约7万本儿童有声书供用户订阅。音乐播放服务平台Spotify也提供有声书，并且有一个针对儿童和家庭的有声书合集。任何订阅了Spotify的用户每月都可以听15小时的有声书)”可知，该段主要介绍了Audible和Spotify这两个有声书平台。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Charities, including Listening Books and Calibre Audio, offer an online audiobook lending service for people who have a disability that makes it hard for them to read printed books.(包括Listening Books和Calibre Audio在内的慈善机构，为那些因残疾而难以阅读纸质书籍的人提供在线有声书借阅服务)”可知，Listening Books和Calibre Audio提供为残疾人服务的有声书服务。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。文章开篇介绍NLT关于青少年听有声书的研究，表明有声书受欢迎且能提升阅读兴趣等优点，接着介绍获取有声书的多种方式，最后还邀请读者在网站了解更多有声书，所以目的是推广有声书并提供获取指导。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽滁州·期末） If you love art, then “Picasso” is going to speak a lot, and modern art is a result of Picasso’s works and he stands by as one of the legendary figures to give birth to modern art. Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who was born on October 25, 1881. Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time; he was a painter and his talent didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker, stage designer, and ceramicist. Due to his amazing skills, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields. One of Pablo’s amazing achievements was showing realism and the surrounding culture through his art. Picasso, along with another painter, Georges Braque, gave cubism birth. Cubism was a very unique art form representing realism. Cubism was inspired by the circumstances of the early 20th century. Picasso’s immersion in art did not stop with cubism as he wanted to make something more inspirational and thus came into existence — Collage. Collage was a different kind of art in which Picasso mixed several signs and gave them a viable meaning. Picasso received training from his father, who was an art teacher and a painter as well. Just at the age of 16, Pablo had already lost a liking to traditional art techniques and he desired to introduce something new. His exploration began when he joined the Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. That is when he came to know about his dislike of the traditional ways. He began to experiment with different styles of art. With time, Picasso’s style continued to develop. He explored different grounds like still life. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective. Picasso also did well in other forms of art. His most famous and politically charged work was “Guernica”. He produced this in response to the Spanish Civil War when the town of Guernica suffered a horrifying bombing. To this day, his work is a representation of war horrors. On April 8, 1973, Picasso passed away in the city of Mougins, France. He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day. 1．What does the birth of Cubism show? A．Traditional art forms are permanent. B．It originates from the realities of the early 20th century. C．Competition lies in art movements of that time. D．Art needs simplifying for the general public. 2．What can we conclude about Picasso’s early training? A．It restricted his creativity due to rigid rules. B．It inspired him to challenge traditional art. C．It made him abandon sculpture. D．It was unrelated to his later success. 3．Why did Picasso create “Guernica”? A．To showcase his technical skills in realism. B．To express his political views against war. C．To celebrate Spanish cultural heritage. D．To experiment with abstract forms. 4．How might Picasso’s works be described according to the text? A．Best-known in the field of sculpture. B．Rooted in his rejection of the past art patterns. C．Celebrated for its diversity and lasting influence. D．Focused on the contemporary art discussions. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了现代艺术的传奇人物巴勃罗・毕加索。他不仅是画家，还在雕塑、版画制作、舞台设计和陶艺等领域成就卓越。文中阐述了他在艺术上的诸多贡献，如与乔治・布拉克共同创立立体主义，开创拼贴艺术，以及创作具有政治意义的《格尔尼卡》等，展现了他在艺术领域的多样性和深远影响。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Cubism was inspired due to the circumstances of the early 20th century.(立体主义的产生是受到20世纪初的环境所启发)”可知，立体主义的诞生是受到20世纪初的环境启发，也就是源于当时的现实情况。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Just at the age of 16, Pablo had already lost a liking to traditional art techniques and he desired to introduce something new.(年仅16岁时，巴勃罗就已经不再喜欢传统的艺术技法，他渴望引入一些新的东西)”以及“That is when he came to know about his dislikeness of the traditional ways. He began to experiment with different styles of art(就是在那时，他意识到自己不喜欢传统的方式。他开始尝试不同的艺术风格)”可知，毕加索在早期接受父亲的训练后，不喜欢传统艺术技法，渴望创新并开始尝试不同的艺术风格，即早期训练激励他挑战传统艺术。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“His most famous and politically charged work was “Guernica”. He produced this in response to the Spanish Civil War when the town of Guernica suffered a horrifying bombing(他最著名且带有政治色彩的作品是《格尔尼卡》。他创作这幅作品是为了回应西班牙内战，当时格尔尼卡镇遭受了可怕的轰炸)”可知，《格尔尼卡》是毕加索针对西班牙内战中格尔尼卡镇遭受可怕轰炸而创作的，且是具有政治色彩的作品，由此可推知他创作该作品是为了表达反对战争的政治观点。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time, he was a painter and his talent didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker, stage designer, and ceramicist. Due to his amazing skills, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields(毕加索不仅仅是他那个时代的画家，他的才华不止于此。他还是一位雕塑家、版画家、舞台设计师和陶艺家。凭借其惊人的技艺，他在所有这些领域都成为了杰出人物)”可知，毕加索既是一位画家，同时还是一位雕塑家、版画家、舞台设计师和陶艺家；再根据第五段“He explored different grounds like still life. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective(他探索了静物等不同领域。他的作品很大胆，而且他总是倾向于采用创新的视角)”可知，毕加索的作品很大胆，而且总是倾向于采用创新的视角；最后一段指出“He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day(他留下的艺术遗产至今仍被人们传颂)”可知，毕加索的作品至今仍被人们传颂。由此可推断，毕加索的作品以其多样性和持久的影响力而闻名。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽芜湖·期末） As technology advances, batteries are getting smaller and stronger. However, traditional rigid batteries often fail to meet the needs of modern devices like health-monitoring skin stickers or brain-controlled artificial limbs. These devices require batteries that can bend and stretch naturally with the human body. Ordinary batteries made of hard materials become unreliable when they are bent. Body movements may break their electrical paths, causing discomfort or failure. To solve this problem, scientists are developing flexible batteries using new materials. One breakthrough comes from an unexpected source — electric eels (电鳗). These creatures store energy using charged particles (带电粒子) in their cells, inspiring a new type of “Jelly Battery”. A team at the University of Cambridge developed soft, stretchable batteries called jelly batteries. Made from water-rich hydrogels (水凝胶) (over 60% water), they copy biological systems. Unlike regular batteries, jelly batteries work perfectly even when stretched 1.5 times their original length. “They adapt to body movements, making them ideal for implants in organs like the heart or brain,” explains researcher Stephen O’Neill. Jelly batteries create electricity like living things. They use differences in charged particles between layers, similar to nerve (神经) cells. While a single jelly battery produces only 0.1 volts (much less than a 1.5V AA battery), connecting many units can increase power. Surprisingly, they can repair themselves if damaged. “The hydrogel’s structure allows quick self-healing, perfect for extreme environments,” adds researcher Jade McCune. Beyond medical devices, jelly batteries could change soft robotics. Flexible parts would make robots safer around humans. They might power smart gloves helping stroke patients regain hand movement. Chinese researchers also created a similar hydrogel battery that survives repeated bending and self-heals after ten breaks. With costs similar to traditional batteries, mass production seems possible. The Cambridge team is now testing biocompatibility (生物相容性) but expects no issues since the batteries are mostly water. As wearable tech grows, these stretchable power sources could inspire endless innovations — from smart clothing to lifelike artificial limbs. The future of batteries isn’t just powerful, it’s flexible. 1．What inspired the scientists to design Jelly Battery? A．The movement of some creatures in the ocean. B．The energy storage of electric eels. C．The biological systems copied by water-rich hydrogels. D．The flexibility of human skin. 2．What is the main advantage of Jelly Battery mentioned in paragraph 2? A．They are cheaper to produce than regular batteries. B．They can bend and stretch with body movements. C．They use water as their primary energy source. D．They store energy longer than AA batteries. 3．What can be inferred about the self-healing ability of Jelly Battery? A．It makes them suitable for extreme environments. B．It allows daily use without charging. C．It stops them from working in high temperatures. D．It depends on endless power sources. 4．Which title best summarizes the main idea of the text? A．The Challenges of Developing Batteries B．How Hydrogels Are Improving Medical Devices C．From Electric Eels to Jelly Battery: A New Energy Era D．The Role of Jelly in Modern Battery Technology 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕新型“果冻电池”展开，详细介绍了其研发背景、灵感来源、特性、应用前景以及生产可能性，旨在向读者科普这一科技创新成果。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One breakthrough comes from an unexpected source — electric eels(电鳗). These creatures store energy using charged particles(带电粒子) in their cells, inspiring a new type of “Jelly Battery”.(其中一项突破来自一个意想不到的来源——电鳗。这些生物利用细胞中的带电粒子储存能量，这启发了一种新型 “果冻电池” 的研发。)”可知，电鳗利用细胞中的带电粒子储存能量的方式，启发了科学家设计出果冻电池。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ordinary batteries made of hard materials become unreliable when they are bent. Body movements may break their electrical paths, causing discomfort or failure. To solve this problem, scientists are developing flexible batteries using new materials.(由硬质材料制成的普通电池在弯曲时会变得不可靠。身体活动可能会破坏它们的电路，导致不适或故障。为解决这一问题，科学家们正利用新材料研发柔性电池。)”可知，传统刚性电池在弯曲时会因身体活动破坏电路而失效，而科学家研发的柔性电池（包括果冻电池）正是为解决这一问题。因此，其核心优势就是能够随身体活动弯曲和拉伸，避免了传统电池的缺陷。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Surprisingly, they can repair themselves if damaged. “The hydrogel’s structure allows quick self-healing, perfect for extreme environments,” adds researcher Jade McCune.(令人惊讶的是，它们在受损后还能自我修复。“水凝胶的结构使其能够快速自愈，非常适合极端环境，”研究员Jade McCune补充道。)”可推测，果冻电池的自愈能力使其适用于极端环境。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章首先指出传统刚性电池无法满足现代柔性设备的需求，随后介绍科学家受电鳗储能方式的启发，研发出“果冻电池”，并详细说明其材料、特性（可弯曲拉伸、自愈能力等）、应用前景及未来潜力。核心内容围绕“电鳗的启发”到“果冻电池的研发与应用”这一脉络展开，体现了新型能源技术的突破。选项C“From Electric Eels to Jelly Battery: A New Energy Era(从电鳗到果冻电池：一个新的能源时代)”完整概括了灵感来源、核心发明及技术革新的意义，符合文章主旨。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·安徽蚌埠·期末） I like scrolling (滚屏) through social media more than posting. It’s my daily way to relax. Before, my feed was full of perfect tiny homes, making me dream of a minimalist life. But then, AI-generated images with obvious flaws (瑕疵) showed up. Some had staircases going nowhere, and some had sinks inside sinks. Strangely, few commenters pointed these out. They just praised the overall look. It made me wonder: did people not spot (发现) these mistakes, or did they not care? I study how people understand visual information. Our eyes aren’t great at spotting small details when we casually scroll. We usually just get the big picture and miss the little things that don’t match. Our visual attention is like a zoom lens (变焦镜头). We scan things quickly, and focusing on details takes extra effort. Our ability to sense things evolved to spot dangers fast in nature, choosing speed over precision. This was good for early humans, but not for modern scrolling. So, small errors in AI-generated images often go unnoticed. There’s also something called inattentional blindness. When we focus on one thing, we overlook other details, even if they’re obvious. Just like in the famous invisible gorilla (大猩猩) study. People counting basketball passes didn’t notice a person in a gorilla suit walking by. Similarly, when we look at an AI image, we might miss its flaws while focusing on the main part. Our thinking has two types: fast and intuitive (凭直觉的), and slow and analytical. When scrolling, the fast-thinking part usually takes charge, making us accept images easily. Also, we tend to accept information that fits our beliefs and ignore the rest. So, AI-generated images that match what we expect can fool us. For pictures of tiny homes, the flaws might not matter much. But when AI-generated images are used to influence public opinion, it’s a big problem. Research shows people often assume images support the text, even if there’s no real proof. Misleading images can make false things seem true. AI-generated images can spread wrong information, and it’s hard to stop. To avoid being misled, we should slow down, look closely, and think carefully. 1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To display the diversity of social media content. B．To introduce the author’s daily social media habits. C．To explain the popularity of Al-generated images on social media. D．To present the author’s concern about public reactions to AI-generated images. 2．Which of the following is a reason why people fail to spot AI-generated images? A．People’s visual systems tend to overlook details during casual scrolling. B．AI-generated images are much more attractive than real ones. C．The slow-thinking system helps people analyze images thoroughly. D．People have the same behavior as a gorilla does while scrolling. 3．What can we infer from the text about the impact of Al-generated images? A．They are gradually losing their popularity due to obvious flaws. B．They merely serve as artistic additions without any real influence. C．They present a significant threat by aiding the spread of false information. D．They can be effortlessly identified once people know basic detection skills. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Rise of AI-Generated Images on Social Media B．Why We Fail to Spot AI-Generated Images on Social Media C．The Impact of AI-Generated Images on Public Opinion D．How to Improve Our Ability to Detect AI-Generated Images 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者发现人们易忽视社交媒体上AI生成图像的瑕疵，分析因视觉特点、思维模式等，其可能传播虚假信息，建议人们审慎对待。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“But then, AI-generated images with obvious flaws (瑕疵) showed up. Some had staircases going nowhere, and some had sinks inside sinks. Strangely, few commenters pointed these out. They just praised the overall look. It made me wonder: did people not spot (发现) these mistakes, or did they not care?(但随后，人工智能生成的图像出现了明显的缺陷。有些房子的楼梯不通往任何地方，还有些房子的水槽套着水槽。奇怪的是，几乎没有评论者指出这些问题。他们只是称赞整体外观。这让我疑惑：人们是没发现这些错误，还是根本不在意呢？)”可知，第一段的主要目的是呈现作者对公众对AI生成图像反应的担忧。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our eyes aren’t great at spotting small details when we casually scroll. We usually just get the big picture and miss the little things that don’t match.(当我们随意滚动屏幕时，我们的眼睛并不擅长发现小细节。我们通常只看到大致情况，而忽略那些不匹配的小细节)”可知，人们在随意滚动屏幕时视觉系统容易忽略细节，这是未能发现AI生成图像瑕疵的原因之一。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But when AI-generated images are used to influence public opinion, it’s a big problem. Research shows people often assume images support the text, even if there’s no real proof. Misleading images can make false things seem true. AI-generated images can spread wrong information, and it’s hard to stop.(但当AI生成的图像被用来影响公众舆论时，这就是个大问题了。研究表明，人们通常会认为图像支持文本内容，即使没有真正的证据。误导性的图像会让虚假的事情看起来像真的。AI生成的图像会传播错误信息，而且很难阻止)” 可知，AI生成的图像助长虚假信息传播，从而造成重大威胁。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕人们为何难以发现AI生成图像的瑕疵展开，分析了视觉注意力特点、进化因素、无意视盲、思维模式等原因，并提及相关影响与应对建议，核心是解释人们未能识别AI生成图像的原因。所以B选项Why We Fail to Spot AI-Generated Images on Social Media(为什么我们无法在社交媒体上发现人工智能生成的图像)符合文意，可以作为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·安徽芜湖·期末） Data from the OECD (经合组织) released on December 10th shows adults in rich countries have worse reading and math skills than ten years ago. The organization tests adults(aged 16-65) every ten years on skills for daily life, from factory work to understanding news. Results from 31 countries are worrying — 20% of adults do no better than primary school kids in math and reading. Over the past ten years, reading scores went down in most countries, and math scores fell in many — even though adults have more education than before. Changes in population, such as immigrants (移民) having trouble with the language, or people’s age explain part of this, but the trend is still bad — probably because of social media or shortcomings of education systems. Basic reading and math skills aren’t taken seriously today. People talk more about “soft skills” like social skills and the hype(宣扬) about AI makes basic skills seem old-fashioned. But OECD finds that adults failing these tests earn less, have poorer health, feel left out of politics. The gap between the best and worst performers is growing, mostly because the worst are getting worse. What can we do to make things better? First, we must keep improving kids’ education. If countries make sure every student learns strong reading and math skills early, more adults in the future will have these basics. Take England as an example — their young people do better — maybe because of their tougher exams. Second, building better adult education systems is important. Many adults today can’t afford extra classes, but if governments spend more money on free or cheap courses, more people can learn new skills. And online lessons are easier for busy people to join. The future doesn’t have to be disappointing. If we start acting now, for kids and adults, we can change this trend and make sure everyone has the reading and math skills they need. It’s never too late to learn! 1．What problem do the OECD test results show? A．Young adults perform worse than older generations in exams. B．Adults in rich countries spend too much time on social media. C．About 20% of adults have math and reading skills no higher than school kids. D．Immigrants and older people are the primary reason for the decline in basic skills. 2．Which one of the following might be a “soft skill”? A．Repairing car engines. B．Solving math problems. C．Team communication in meetings. D．Text understanding for news reports. 3．What can be inferred from the example of England mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Young people in England are less influenced by social media. B．Stricter academic test may contribute to better basic skills in children. C．England has the most effective education system in the world. D．Adult education programs in England are more affordable and accessible to people. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．The role of technology in shaping modern trends. B．The challenges faced by adult education systems worldwide. C．The importance of balancing hard and soft skills in education. D．The decline of basic skills in rich countries and ways to improve it. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先通过引用经合组织的数据指出富裕国家成年人的阅读和数学技能下降的现象，接着分析了可能的原因，然后提出了改善这一状况的建议，包括改善儿童教育和建立更好的成人教育系统，最后表达了对于改变这一趋势的信心。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Results from 31 countries are worrying — 20% of adults do no better than primary school kids in math and reading.( 31个国家的测试结果令人担忧——20%的成年人在数学和阅读方面的表现并不比小学生好。)”可知，经合组织的测试结果显示，20%的成年人在数学和阅读方面的能力并不比小学生强。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“People talk more about “soft skills” like social skills and the hype(宣扬) about AI makes basic skills seem old-fashioned.(人们更多地谈论社交能力等“软技能”，而对人工智能的宣扬也让基础技能显得过时。)”中对“软技能”的描述可知，软技能指非技术性的、与人际交往相关的能力。选项C“(会议中的团队沟通)”属于社交技能范畴，符合“soft skills”的定义。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Take England as an example — their young people do better — maybe because of their tougher exams.(以英国为例，该国的年轻人表现更好——这或许得益于其难度更高的考试。)”可知，英国年轻人在基础技能上表现更好，文中推测这可能与该国“更难的考试”有关。由此可推断，更严格的学术测试可能有助于提升儿童的基础技能。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章第一段通过经合组织的数据指出，富裕国家成年人的基础阅读和数学技能较十年前下降，20%的成年人能力不及小学生；第二段分析了这一现象的原因（人口变化、社交媒体、教育体系缺陷等）及影响（收入低、健康差、社会参与度低等）；第三段提出改善措施（加强儿童基础教育、完善成人教育体系等）；最后一段强调通过行动扭转趋势的可能性。选项D“The decline of basic skills in rich countries and ways to improve it.(富裕国家基础技能的下降及改善方法)”完整概括了文章的核心内容。故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·安徽金榜教育·期末） In his book on basketball great Bill Bradley, writer John McPhee proposes that Bradley’s greatest asset had little to do with speed, strength, or flexibility. It had to do with his eyes. The work of University of Notre Dame researcher Matthew Robison suggests that McPhee may have been onto something. In a recent study, Robison documented a phenomenon in eye movement that links a steady, focused gaze with higher levels of performance. He made the discovery thanks to the unique capabilities of his lab, which includes over a dozen advanced instruments for tracking eye movement. These devices capture images of the eyes every four milliseconds, providing 250 frames per second. This detailed look at the eyes allows Robi-son to “read” the complex language of minute eye movement. Recently, though, Robison has been most interested not in why our eyes move, but in why we might — or might want to — keep them still. He was inspired to explore the meaning of a steady gaze by the work of applied sports psychologists helping athletes achieve high levels of performance. “Sports psychologists regularly advise that if you’re shooting a free throw in basketball, pick a spot on the edge and focus on it for a few seconds. Then shoot the free throw. The advice seems sound in many cases. But the causal pathway behind this phenomenon has not been thoroughly demonstrated or explained.” Robison explains. Robison assumed that a steady gaze had to do with attention control and better performance. To test his assumption, he recruited（招募）nearly 400 participants. Robison found that across the board, those participants who kept their gaze steady in the moments just before being called upon to complete a task performed with greater speed and with greater accuracy. His work suggested another question for Robison to explore: Would it be possible to train individuals to perform better by training them in developing a steadier gaze? So Robison launched a new three-year project focused on answering it. 1．What can be inferred about McPhee’s observation of Bill Bradley? A．It lacked a scientific basis at the time. B． It revolutionized basketball training. C．It matched later scientific findings. D．It contradicted traditional coaching methods. 2．What does the underlined word “minute” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Time-related. B．Extremely small. C．Carefully recorded. D．Scientifically important. 3．What is Robison’s attitude toward the sports psychology advice? A．Indifferent due to lack of theoretical support. B．Temporarily acceptable but requiring evidence. C．Supportive without reservation. D．Critical of its oversimplification. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Evolution of Basketball Training Techniques B．Eye Tracking Technology: From Theory to Practice C．The Science Behind a Steady Gaze and Peak Performance D．Bill Bradley: A Case Study in Athletic Excellence 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现稳定专注的凝视与更高水平的表现相关及研究过程。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In his book on basketball great Bill Bradley, writer John McPhee proposes that Bradley’s greatest asset had little to do with speed, strength, or flexibility. It had to do with his eyes. The work of University of Notre Dame researcher Matthew Robison suggests that McPhee may have been onto something.(在作家约翰・麦克菲关于篮球巨星比尔・布拉德利的书中，他提出布拉德利最大的优势与速度、力量或灵活性关系不大，而与他的眼睛有关。圣母大学研究员马修・罗宾逊的研究表明，麦克菲的说法或许有几分道理。)”可知，麦克菲对比尔·布拉德利的观察与后来的科学发现相吻合。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“These devices capture images of the eyes every four milliseconds, providing 250 frames per second. This detailed look at the eyes allows Robison to “read” the complex language of minute eye movement.(这些设备每四毫秒捕捉一次眼睛图像，每秒提供250帧。这种对眼睛的细致观察使罗宾逊能够“解读”minute眼球运动的复杂语言。)”可知，设备能捕捉到非常细致的眼睛图像，因此可以解读的是“极其微小的”眼球运动，“minute”在此处意为“Extremely small”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The advice seems sound in many cases. But the causal pathway behind this phenomenon has not been thoroughly demonstrated or explained.(这个建议在很多情况下似乎是合理的。但这一现象背后的因果路径尚未得到彻底的证明或解释。)”可知，罗宾逊认为运动心理学的建议暂时可以接受，但需要证据支持。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“a phenomenon in eye movement — that links a steady, focused gaze with higher levels of performance.(一种眼球运动现象——将稳定、专注的凝视与更高水平的表现联系起来。)”及下文对该现象的研究可知，文章主要围绕稳定凝视与最佳表现背后的科学原理展开，因此“稳定凝视与最佳表现背后的科学”最适合作为标题。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽太和·期末） A new study from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that eating dark chocolate, but not milk chocolate, may be linked to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) (2型糖尿病) . “Our findings suggest that not all chocolate is created equal,” said lead author BinkaiLiu, a doctoral student in the Department of Nutrition. “For anyone who loves chocolate, this is are minder that making small choices, like choosing dark chocolate over milk chocolate, can make a positive difference to their health.” There’s a lot of research on how chocolate might be linked to T2D, but the results don’t always agree. Also, not many studies look at the differences between types of chocolate, like dark chocolate and milk chocolate. The researchers seek to fill this gap using data (数据) from the Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, as well as the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. During more than 30 years, 192,000 grown-ups who didn’t have diabetes when the study started told researchers about what they ate, like how much chocolate they had, and also about whether they got diabetes and how much they weighed. By the end of the study period, nearly 19,000 people reported being diagnosed (诊断) with T2D． Of the nearly 112,000 who reported specifically on their dark and milk chocolate intake, nearly 5,000 were diagnosed with T2D． The study found that those who consumed (吃；喝) at least five ounces of any type of chocolate per week had a 10% lower risk of developing T2D compared to those who never or rarely ate chocolate. Dark chocolate had an even bigger impact: those who consumed at least five servings of this chocolate per week showed a 21% lower risk of T2D． The researchers also observed (观察) a 3% reduction in risk for every serving of dark chocolate eaten per week. Eating milk chocolate, meanwhile, was not linked to reduced T2D risk. Increased eating milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was linked to long-term weight gain, a potential contributor to the development of T2D． The researchers pointed out that the amount of chocolate people ate was less than what they usually eat in the country, as seen in past records. They also said that the results might not be the same for people who eat a lot of chocolate. 1．How was the new study conducted? A．By conducting experiments in a lab. B．By interviewing chocolate producers. C．By studying data from long-term health studies. D．By letting people eat different types of chocolate. 2．What is the relationship between eatıng milk chocolate and weight gain? A．Milk chocolate stops weight gain. B．Milk chocolate is linked to weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is linked to weight loss. D．There is no relationship between them. 3．What might be a problem with the study’s results? A．The study didn’t have kids in it. B．The study didn’t look at family history. C．Only one kind of chocolate was examined. D．The findings of this study don’t apply to everyone. 4．What does the text manly talk about? A．The health benefits of all types of chocolate. B．Chocolate consumption can prevent weight gain. C．Milk chocolate is more beneficial for T2D avoidance. D．Eating dark chocolate could reduce the risk of diabetes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项来自哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究，探讨了食用黑巧克力与降低2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，并指出黑巧克力和牛奶巧克力在健康影响上的差异。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers seek to fill this gap using data (数据) from the Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, as well as the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. (研究人员试图利用“护士健康研究I和II”以及“健康专业人士后续研究”的数据来填补这一空白)”可知，这项新研究是通过研究长期健康研究的数据来进行的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Increased eating milk chocolate, but not dark chocolate, was linked to long-term weight gain, a potential contributor to the development of T2D. (增加食用牛奶巧克力，而不是黑巧克力，与长期体重增加有关，而体重增加是2型糖尿病发生的一个潜在因素)”可知，食用牛奶巧克力与体重增加有关。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They also said that the results might not be the same for people who eat a lot of chocolate. (他们还指出，对于那些大量食用巧克力的人来说，研究结果可能并不相同)”可知，研究结果可能有一定的局限性，并不适用于所有人。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study from Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that eating dark chocolate, but not milk chocolate, may be linked to a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) (哈佛大学T. H. Chan公共卫生学院的一项新研究表明，食用黑巧克力，而非牛奶巧克力，可能与降低患2型糖尿病的风险有关)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了黑巧克力与降低2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，并指出黑巧克力对健康的积极影响，而牛奶巧克力则没有这种效果。因此，文章的核心内容是关于食用黑巧克力可以降低糖尿病的风险。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·淮北一中·期末） Nursing homes have increasingly turned to robots to complete a variety of care tasks. A new study from a University of Notre Dame expert on the future of work finds that robot use is associated with increased employment and employee retention (留住), improved productivity and a higher quality of care. The research has important implications for the workplace and the long-term care industry. Yong Suk Lee, associate professor of technology, economy and global affairs, was the lead author for the study. “Our research focused on Japan because it is a super-aging society that provides a good example of what the future could involve elsewhere — a declining population, a growing share of senior citizens and a declining share of working-age people,” Lee said, “We need to be ready for this new reality.” In a future where there are more senior citizens requiring care, using robots in a targeted fashion could benefit workers and patients alike, Lee said. The study analyzed three types of robots that are increasingly used in assisted living facilities. Transfer robots, which nurses use to lift, move and rotate patients in beds and around rooms. Mobility robots, which patients use to move around and to bathe. Monitoring and communication robots, which include technologies such as computer vision and bed sensors that can record and examine patient data such as movement and share it with care providers. “We found that robot adoption aids care workers by reducing quit rates. This is important because employee turnover is a big concern in nursing homes. Workers typically experience a great deal of physical pain, particularly in their knees and back. The work is hard and the pay is low. So robot use was associated with employee retention.” Lee said, “Robots can improve productivity by shifting the tasks performed by care workers to those involving human touch, empathy and flexibility. Ultimately, robots can help workers provide a higher level of patient care.” “This research provides critical insights into how societies can successfully navigate the challenges of caring for aging populations,” Lee said. 1．Why did Yong Suk Lee focus his research on Japan? A．It encourages the elderly care industry. B．It has a sound foundation for robot nursing. C．Its super-aging society well reflects the trend. D．It owns the most advanced robots in the world. 2．What does the underlined word “rotate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．treat. B．examine. C．monitor. D．reposition. 3．Why does robot adoption reduce workers’ quit rates? A．It solves the issue of low pay. B．It eases their heavy working burden. C．It offers a good working environment. D．It helps to treat their occupational injuries. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．Japan’s exploration represents the care industry. B．High quality care for the elderly should be advocated. C．Nursing robots benefit staff retention and patient care. D．Robot adoption in nursing requires critical examination. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了护理机器人对养老院员工留存率和患者护理质量的积极影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段““Our research focused on Japan because it is a super-aging society that provides a good example of what the future could entail elsewhere-a declining population, a growing share of senior citizens and a declining share of working-age people,” Lee said. (“我们的研究集中在日本，因为它是一个超老龄化社会，为其他地方未来可能面临的情况提供了一个很好的例子——人口减少，老年人口比例增加，劳动年龄人口比例下降，”李说)”可知，Yong Suk Lee将研究集中在日本是因为其超老龄化社会很好地反映了趋势。故选C。 2．词义猜测题型。根据第三段“Transfer robots, which nurses use to lift, move and rotate patients in beds and around rooms.(转运机器人，护士用它来在病床及房间周围抬起、移动和rotate病人)” 可知，“rotate”与“lift（抬起）”“move（移动）”并列，且与病人在病床及房间周围的动作相关，结合选项，可推测 “rotate” 意思为 “转动，改变位置”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Workers typically experience a great deal of physical pain, particularly in their knees and back. The work is hard and the pay is low. So robot use was associated with employee retention. (工作人员通常会经历很多身体疼痛，尤其是膝盖和背部。工作很辛苦，工资也很低。因此，机器人的使用与员工留存率有关)”可知，机器人的使用降低了工人离职率是因为机器人减轻了工作人员的繁重工作负担。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study from a University of Notre Dame expert on the future of work finds that robot use is associated with increased employment and employee retention (留住), improved productivity and a higher quality of care. (圣母大学一位研究未来工作的专家的一项新研究发现，机器人的使用与就业增加、员工留存率提高、生产力提高和护理质量提高有关)”以及文章内容可知，全文围绕机器人如何通过提升员工留存率和患者护理质量来应对老龄化社会，重点强调其对这两方面的积极影响。选项C“护理机器人有利于员工保留和患者护理”全面概括主题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期末） Under experimental status, the first flying electric car has officially been cleared for takeoff. This week, Alef Aeronautics revealed its flying car “Model A” was granted legal permission from the Federal Aviation Administration to test run the vehicle on the road and in the sky - a move needed before it can be released to the public. Alef is the first company to receive a Special Airworthiness Certification from the FAA, the company said in a news release. The certification limits the locations and purpose for which the vehicle is allowed to fly. The vehicle will also need to meet National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration safety standards before taking flight. But the company’s CEO Jim Dukhovny says the company is “hopeful” that the certification “will be our next step. ” “The historical significance of this cannot be overstated. While there have been pioneers like Terrafugia, Paul Moller, and Henry Ford, this is the first time a vehicle, in the traditional sense (parks and drives like a car, functions like a car, looks like a car) , has received permission to fly. It’s also important that Alef is the first electric car which received permission to fly. And, last but not least, the ability for vertical (垂直的) takeoff is central to most people’s conception of a ‘flying car’. The flying car is now available for preorder, the Santa Clara, California-based company posted on its website. Carrying one or two passengers, the vehicle will sell for about $300, 000. The “Model A” is 100% electric, drivable on public roads and has vertical takeoff and landing capabilities, the company wrote in its release. The car will be a Low Speed Vehicle, meaning it won’t go faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved surface. If a driver needs a faster route, they will be able to use the vehicle’s flight capabilities, according to Alef. As of Friday, presales were open, with interested customers able to pay a $150 deposit to get on the waiting list, or $1, 500 for a priority spot on the list’s queue. The company, founded in 2015, has been test driving and flying the car’s prototype (原型) since 2019. The version customers could receive has a driving range of 200 miles and a flight range of 110 miles. 1．According to the article, what is the current status of the first flying electric car? A．It has met all safety standards. B．It has been released to the public. C．It is waiting for official permission from the FAA． D．It is in a state of being tested as an experiment. 2．What can we learn about the “Model A” flying car from the passage? A．It can carry up to three passengers. B．It has been available for preorder since 2015. C．It is only allowed to fly in certain locations and for specific purposes. D．It doesn’t need a prototype for further development as it’s already perfect. 3．What is the purpose of the vehicle’s flight capabilities? A．To offer a unique and thrilling experience to passengers. B．To enable drivers to avoid traffic and reach their destinations faster. C．To allow the vehicle to access remote or inaccessible areas. D．To offer a unique and fun experience for the occupants. 4．In which column can you find the passage? A．Technology B．Lifestyle C．Entertainment D．Sports 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们一直梦寐以求的奇迹终于成为现实 ，那便是既能翱翔天际又能疾驰在大地上的汽车 。如今，我们迎来了一个历史性的时刻—Alef Aeronautics 公司的杰作“Model A” ，一款可飞行的电动汽车，已获得美国联邦航空管理局的批准。 【详解】9．细节理解题。 根据第一段“Under experimental status, the first flying electric car has officially been cleared for takeoff.(在实验阶段，第一辆会飞的电动汽车已经正式获准起飞。)”可知，该车当前还处于测试状态。故选D。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Alef is the first company to receive a Special Airworthiness Certification from the FAA, the company said in a news release. The certification limits the locations and purpose for which the vehicle is allowed to fly. (Alef公司在新闻发布会上说，Alef是第一家获得美国联邦航空局特殊适航认证的公司。该证书限制了车辆允许飞行的地点和目的。)”可知，由于特殊适航认证，Model A 飞行汽车只能在特定地点和为特定目的飞行，C选项符合文意。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第八段中的“If a driver needs a faster route, they will be able to use the vehicle’s flight capabilities, according to Alef.(根据Alef的说法，如果司机需要更快的路线，他们将能够使用车辆的飞行功能。)”可知，当车辆的驾驶员需要更快的路线时, 他们可以使用飞行功能来避开交通拥堵，以更快地到达目的地。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Under experimental status, the first flying electric car has officially been cleared for takeoff.(在实验阶段，第一辆会飞的电动汽车已经正式获准起飞。)”及全文可知，这篇文章介绍了一辆飞行汽车的新闻，因此可以在科技栏目中找到这篇文章。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽联考·期末） At 6 a.m. in an English village, hundreds of pinkish white sows are waking up for breakfast. But first, they have to get their pictures taken. As each pig squeezes into her feeding area, a tiny camera snaps a photo of her face. And in less than 1 second, an artificial intelligence system identifies her based on facial features. Armed with that information, the AIorders a customized meal to shoot into the trough (食槽). Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room. These hungry piggies are the testers of Intellipig, a system being developed by scientists to deal with a fundamental problem in animal welfare: we human beings are just not the best at understanding how animals are feeling. Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives. But like most scientists considering the powers of AI, animal behavior researchers worry about putting too much stock in machines, especially when animal welfare is at risk. “Maybe a machine will end up being better than us; I don’t know,” says Emma Baxter, an animal behavior scientist. “I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.” 1．What can the Intellipig system do automatically? A．Monitor pigs’ well-being. B．Clean pigs’ living spaces. C．Deliver medical services to pigs. D．Provide standardized diets for pigs. 2．What is Melvyn Smith’s attitude towards AI’s role in animal care? A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Skeptical. 3．What approach does Emma Baxter support when it comes to AI and animal care? A．Banning the use of AI. B．Restricting AI to basic tasks. C．Keeping professionals involved. D．Minimizing human intervention. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Intellipig: AI Provides 24/7 Animal Care B．Intellipig: AI Can Understand Animal Speech C．Intellipig: AI Replaces Farmers in Animal Care D．Intellipig: AI Assists in Detecting Animal Emotions 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Intellipig通过面部识别技术对猪食物和情绪方面的全面照顾。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room.(与此同时，该系统会继续分析它的照片，寻找其面部表情中可能表明它正处于疼痛、生病或情绪困扰状态的负面迹象。如果发现了任何此类迹象，系统会立即向农民发出警报——而此时这位农民正在隔壁房间里惬意地喝着晨间咖啡)”可知，Intellipig系统能够自动监测猪的健康状况，包括身体和情绪方面，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives.(负责设计Intellipig系统的工程师梅尔文・史密斯表示，像Intellipig这样的工具能够开启一个关爱动物的新时代，在这个时代里，动物的健康、福利和保护被置于更高的优先地位。有迹象表明，这些工具还能发挥更大的作用。他说，最终，人工智能在解读诸如快乐、沮丧或恐惧等一系列更为复杂的情绪方面，甚至可能会超越人类——如果我们想要给予动物尽可能好的生活，理解这些情绪同样至关重要)”可推知，Melvyn Smith对人工智能在动物护理方面持积极乐观态度，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Emma Baxter所说的话“I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.(我希望有专家参与的空间，以确保人工智能确实在做它所说的事情)”可推知，她希望专业人士仍然参与其中，以确保AI系统发挥应有作用，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room.(与此同时，该系统会继续分析它的照片，寻找其面部表情中可能表明它正处于疼痛、生病或情绪困扰状态的负面迹象。如果发现了任何此类迹象，系统会立即向农民发出警报——而此时这位农民正在隔壁房间里惬意地喝着晨间咖啡)”以及文章重点介绍了AI如何通过识别动物面部特征来判断情绪和健康状态，而不是提供全天候照料或替代农场主，D选项“Intellipig：人工智能协助检测动物情绪”准确概括了文章的主要内容，是文章最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期末） Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gold crowns (齿冠), scientists are exploring how gold can be used to repair damaged parts of the brain. Scientists at Linkoping University in Sweden said that a “brain of gold” might just be what we need to fight nervous system diseases. The plan is to put gold electrodes (电极) into the affected part of the brain. They will act as “telephone operators” between nerve cells and electronic medical devices, enabling communication so that the nervous system can function normally. Treatment plans that involve connecting medical devices to the brain already exist. However, the electrodes used are usually made of hard metals, while the brain is like a jelly that “shakes” at the body’s slightest movement. “As the body is constantly in motion, achieving close contact between something that is hard and something that is soft and breakable becomes a problem,” explained Klas Tybrandt, one of the scientists. This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gold nanowires” (金纳米线). As the name suggests, these are long, extremely thin gold threads — 1,000 times thinner than human hair. By putting them into rubber, the scientists have successfully created electrodes that are soft enough to connect comfortably with the human brain. Gold can be made into structures as small as nanowires. According to Live Science, gold can be stretched, pressed or even rolled into all kinds of shapes without breaking. What’s more, gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain, making it a safe choice. Once placed in the brain, gold nanowires can last for at least three years, which is longer than many materials currently in use. 1．What role will gold electrodes play in treating nervous system diseases? A．Replacing damaged nerve cells. B．Serving as a communication link. C．Activating different brain regions. D．Protecting the brain’s unaffected parts. 2．What can we learn about gold nanowires? A．They are harder than rubber. B．They are as thin as human hair. C．They can be placed into the brain. D．They are in the final stage of development. 3．Why is gold a safe choice for use in the brain? A．It can be stretched by the brain. B．It can be made into various shapes. C．It is being used to create soft electrodes. D．It has no negative impact on the brain’s functions. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The unique properties of gold nanowires. B．The history of gold use in the medical field. C．The current applications of gold in the brain. D．The potential use of gold in nervous system treatment. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是瑞典Linkoping大学的科学家们正在探索如何使用黄金来修复大脑受损部分，以对抗神经系统疾病。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The plan is to put gold electrodes (电极) into the affected part of the brain. They will act as “telephone operators” between nerve cells and electronic medical devices, enabling communication so that the nervous system can function normally.(该计划是将金电极放入大脑受影响的部分。它们将充当神经细胞和电子医疗设备之间的‘电话接线员’，使神经系统能够正常运作。)”可知，金电极在治疗神经系统疾病方面的作用是作为通信连接。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gold nanowires” (金纳米线). As the name suggests, these are long, extremely thin gold threads — 1,000 times thinner than human hair. By putting them into rubber, the scientists have successfully created electrodes that are soft enough to connect comfortably with the human brain.(这就是为什么瑞典科学家使用一种名为“金纳米线”的新材料。顾名思义，这些都是又长又细的金线，比人的头发细1000倍。通过将它们放入橡胶中，科学家们成功地制造出了足够柔软的电极，可以舒适地与人类大脑连接。)”以及最后一段“Once placed in the brain, gold nanowires can last for at least three years, which is longer than many materials currently in use.(一旦植入大脑，金纳米线可以持续使用至少三年，这比目前使用的许多材料都要长。)”可知，金纳米线比人的头发细1000倍、可以被植入大脑。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What’s more, gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain, making it a safe choice.(更重要的是，黄金不会与人脑中的其他化学物质发生反应，因此它是一个安全的选择。)”可知，大脑中使用黄金是安全的选择是因为它对大脑功能没有负面影响。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gold crowns (齿冠), scientists are exploring how gold can be used to repair damaged parts of the brain.(就像损坏的牙齿可以用金冠代替一样，科学家们正在探索如何用黄金来修复大脑受损的部分。)”可知，本文主要讲的是瑞典Linkoping University的科学家们正在探索如何使用黄金来修复大脑受损部分，以对抗神经系统疾病，因此D选项“The potential use of gold in nervous system treatment.(黄金在神经系统治疗中的潜在应用。)”能够概括文章主旨。故选D。 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·淮北一中·期末） In a very important journey to make space travel better for the environment, scientists have successfully launched LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite, aboard a SpaceX rocket. The satellite is going on a trip to bring more things to the International Space Station (ISS), where it will be launched into orbit in the coming month. The pioneering project was developed by Kyoto University scientists and Sumitomo Forestry, which is a big step in finding new ways to be good for the environment when we use technology in space. LignoSat’s purpose is to see whether wood could be a proper material in space. The satellite is set to orbit Earth for six months, staying strong in the tough space environment while scientists watch how well it holds up. Wood, surprisingly strong in space due to the absence of oxygen and water, could offer a solution to a significant problem facing the satellite industry: metal pieces from retired satellites re-entering Earth’s atmosphere. Traditional metal satellites often generate metal particles upon burning up, but LignoSat, designed to break up harmlessly on re-entry, has the potential to avoid this environmental impact altogether. Koji Murata, a professor from Kyoto University who studies forests, said that because wood could last a long time without oxygen, it might be a good material to use for spaceships, reducing environmental harm when the satellite returns to Earth. The satellite was put in a specialized container (容器) by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and flew into space safely, according to a post on the Internet. Sumitomo Forestry’s spokesperson said the satellite’s journey went well and that it would soon arrive at the ISS, where it will then be launched into space. 1．What can be learned about LignoSat? A．It’s made of metal. B．It’s a wooden satellite. C．It looks like a SpaceX rocket. D．It’s near the International Space Station 2．What is the main purpose of LignoSat? A．To make the journey to space faster. B．To discover water sources in space. C．To bring space materials back to Earth. D．To test if wood is suitable for use in space. 3．What benefit does wood offer compared to metal for satellites according to paragraph 3? A．It is more environment-friendly. B．It can be found more easily. C．It provides more strength. D．It is cheaper. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．ISS: Wooden Addition B．LignoSat: Beyond Profit C．First Wooden Satellite: Eco-Space Travel D．SpaceX: Green Satellite Launch 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们成功地用SpaceX火箭发射了世界上第一颗木制卫星LignoSat，让太空旅行更加环保。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“In a very important journey to make space travel better for the environment, scientists have successfully launched LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite, aboard a SpaceX rocket. (在使太空旅行更好地造福环境的一次非常重要的旅程中，科学家们成功地用SpaceX火箭发射了世界上第一颗木制卫星LignoSat)”可知，LignoSat是世界上第一颗木制卫星。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“LignoSat’s purpose is to see whether wood could be a proper material in space. (LignoSat的目的是研究木材是否是太空中合适的材料)”可知，LignoSat的主要目的是测试木材是否适合在太空中使用。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Traditional metal satellites often generate metal particles upon burning up, but LignoSat, designed to break up harmlessly on re-entry, has the potential to avoid this environmental impact altogether. (传统的金属卫星在燃烧时通常会产生金属颗粒，但是LignoSat旨在在重返大气层时无害地分解，有可能完全避免这种环境影响)”可知，LignoSat在重返大气层时无害地分解，避免对环境造成影响。由此可知，与金属卫星相比，木制卫星更环保。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“In a very important journey to make space travel better for the environment, scientists have successfully launched LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite, aboard a SpaceX rocket. (在使太空旅行更好地造福环境的一次非常重要的旅程中，科学家们成功地用SpaceX火箭发射了世界上第一颗木制卫星LignoSat)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们成功地用SpaceX火箭发射了世界上第一颗木制卫星LignoSat，让太空旅行更加环保。C项“First Wooden Satellite: Eco-Space Travel”意为“第一颗木制卫星：生态太空旅行”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽省联考·期末） In recent years, edible water balls have emerged as a creative way to reduce plastic waste. These small, transparent balls, often referred to as “water pods,” hold drinking water inside a biodegradable cover made from natural materials like seaweed. Unlike plastic bottles that take centuries to break down, these edible containers can melt in the mouth quickly or be turned into natural fertilizer, offering a promising alternative to address pollution. The science behind edible water balls relies on a process called spherification (球化技术), which was first applied in cooking experiments to shape liquids into round forms using special chemicals. While this method has been popularized in high-end restaurants for creating visually appealing dishes, scientists have adapted it for mass production to tackle global sustainability challenges. Each pod, typically holding 50-100 milliliters of water, is produced strong enough to be carried without breaking, making it convenient for people at sports events, festivals, or daily travel. One of the most significant advantages of edible water balls lies in their potential to dramatically cut down single-use plastic consumption. A study conducted by environmental researchers estimated that replacing just 10% of plastic bottles with edible alternatives could remove over 5 billion plastic units annually, thus reducing ocean pollution and protecting marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the production process requires fewer fossil fuels compared to plastic manufacturing, contributing to lower carbon emissions and matching international climate goals outlined in agreements like the Paris Accord. Despite their benefits, edible water pods face challenges in widespread adoption. Critics say their production cost is high because the cover must be both strong and quick to break down naturally, making them less affordable for low-income populations. Plus, people may worry about cleanliness and feel uncomfortable with the idea of eating from packaging, which requires education to shift consumer behavior. In conclusion, edible water balls represent a combination of innovation and sustainability, offering a real step toward a plastic-free future: As technology advances and social awareness grows, this novel solution may soon become a mainstream choice, reshaping how humanity interacts with one of its most vital resources differently — water. 1．What can be learned about water pods from Paragraph 1? A．The containers are easy to break down. B．The containers are made from recycled plastic. C．They were first used to fight pollution. D．They can replace natural fertilizer. 2．Why are water pods eco-friendly according to the passage? A．They can be recycled into plastic materials easily. B．They are recommended by the Paris Accord. C．They enhance water flavor and safety. D．They are produced with less energy. 3．What makes it tough to employ water pods widely? A．Being inconvenient to carry and terrible flavor. B．Costliness and denial of consumers. C．The shortage of raw materials to make them. D．The doubt of their safety. 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Social awareness will affect the promotion of water pods. B．The design of water pods conflicts with human needs. C．Water pods are suitable for mainstream markets. D．Water pods will change the feature of water. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可食用水球作为一种创新方式来减少塑料垃圾，包括其制作原理、优势、面临的挑战以及未来的发展前景。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Unlike plastic bottles that take centuries to break down, these edible containers can melt in the mouth quickly or be turned into natural fertilizer, offering a promising alternative to address pollution. (与需要数百年才能分解的塑料瓶不同，这些可食用容器要么能在口中快速融化，要么可转化为天然肥料，为解决污染问题提供了一种颇具前景的替代方案)”可知，可食用水球的容器很容易分解。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Furthermore, the production process requires fewer fossil fuels compared to plastic manufacturing, contributing to lower carbon emissions and matching international climate goals outlined in agreements like the Paris Accord. (此外，与塑料制造相比，生产过程需要的化石燃料更少，有助于降低碳排放，符合《巴黎协定》等协议中概述的国际气候目标)”可知，可食用水球在生产过程中消耗的能源更少，因此它们是环保的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Critics say their production cost is high because the cover must be both strong and quick to break down naturally, making them less affordable for low-income populations. Plus, people may worry about cleanliness and feel uncomfortable with the idea of eating from packaging, which requires education to shift consumer behavior. (批评人士说，它们的生产成本很高，因为包装必须既坚固又能快速自然分解，这使得低收入人群难以负担得起。此外，人们可能会担心清洁问题，对吃包装的想法感到不舒服，这需要通过教育来改变消费者的行为)”可知，可食用水球难以广泛使用的原因是成本高昂以及消费者不接受 (对吃包装感到不舒服)。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As technology advances and social awareness grows, this novel solution may soon become a mainstream choice, reshaping how humanity interacts with one of its most vital resources differently — water. (随着技术的进步和社会意识的提高，这种新颖的解决方案可能很快就会成为主流选择，重塑人类与水这一最重要资源之一的互动方式)”可知，社会意识将影响可食用水球的推广。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·合肥六中·期末） A team of researchers in Florida may have just created the world’s coolest paint ever. Chanda, a researcher in the University of Central Florida, and his team have created a way to imitate copy nature’s ability to reflect light and create beautifully vivid color without absorbing any heat like traditional pigments (色素) do. They focus on exploring structural color (结构色) and how people could use it to live cooler in a rapidly warming world. Structural colors are created not from traditional pigmentation but from the arrangement of colorless materials to reflect light in certain ways, like how rainbows are made after it rains. Think about the most beautiful colors you’ve ever seen — forest green, wine red or crystal blue, some of which, however, are nearly impossible to recreate artificially. That’s because these beautiful colors are not achieved through pigments — they’re all in the structure, like the green of peacocks’ feathers. Think about those cherries that redden your mouth after eating them or when your jeans turned green from sitting in wet grass. These are pigments. To create these colors, synthetic (合成的) materials like heavy metals are used to create vivid paints. Chanda stressed, “A deep blue needs cobalt; a deep red needs cadmium. They are toxic. We are contaminating our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials.” Beyond the beautiful colors and safety that structure can provide, Chanda also found that unlike pigments, structural paint does not absorb heat but reflects light back. That’s why people are advised to wear lighter colors in hotter days and why many buildings are painted white. This means this eco-friendly paint could help communities keep cool in an increasingly warming climate. “Nature has followed the path to create harmony among our surroundings,” Chanda said. “We want to be colorful but our color production is not really supported or inspired by nature. I hope this paint could be the future to a healthier, cooler environment.” 1．Which of the following colors doesn’t belong to structural colors? A．The green of peacocks’ feathers. B．The orange of bright rainbows. C．The blue of butterfly wings. D．The purple of ripe grapes. 2．What does the underlined word “toxic” in the third paragraph probably mean? A．Neutral. B．Useless. C．Attractive. D．Harmful. 3．Which of the following best describes the advantages of the newly-created paint? A．Traditional, healthy and cooling. B．Colorless, healthy and artificial. C．Vivid, eco-friendly and cooling. D．Vivid, man-made and eco-friendly. 4．What’s the main idea of the text? A．The paint of structural color could help people live cooler and healthier. B．Traditional approaches of color production remain to be improved. C．Human beings should respect the harmony of our surroundings. D．Many attractive colors couldn’t be recreated artificially. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究者Chanda和他的团队运用结构色原理创造了一种生态友好的新型涂料。这种涂料无需人工合成色素，模仿自然界光反射的原理而形成鲜亮的色彩，同时具备不吸收热量的优点，可以让人们在日益变暖的环境下享受多彩，健康、清凉的生活。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Structural colors are created not from traditional pigmentation but from the arrangement of colorless materials to reflect light in certain ways, like how rainbows are made after it rains. Think about the most beautiful colors you’ve ever seen — forest green, wine red or crystal blue, some of which, however, are nearly impossible to recreate artificially.(结构色彩不是通过传统的色素沉着创造出来的，而是通过无色材料的排列以特定的方式反射光线，就像雨后彩虹的形成一样。想想你见过的最美丽的颜色——森林绿、酒红或水晶蓝，然而，其中一些几乎是不可能人工重现的)”以及第三段“Think about those cherries that redden your mouth after eating them or when your jeans turned green from sitting in wet grass. These are pigments.(想想那些吃了樱桃后你的嘴会变红，或者你的牛仔裤因为坐在潮湿的草地上而变绿。这些是颜料。)”可知，D选项的葡萄与文章中的樱桃及草相似，含有色素，是非结构色，故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“We are contaminating our nature by using this kind of paint. So one of the major motivations for us is to create colors based on non-toxic materials.(我们使用这种油漆正在污染我们的自然。因此，我们的主要动机之一是创造基于无毒材料的颜色)”可知，使用此类涂料会污染自然环境，是有害的，划线单词的含义是“有害的”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Beyond the beautiful colors and safety that structure can provide, Chanda also found that unlike pigments, structural paint does not absorb heat but reflects light back.(除了结构所能提供的美丽色彩和安全性之外，Chanda还发现，与颜料不同，结构涂料不吸收热量，而是将光反射回去)”和“This means this eco-friendly paint could help communities keep cool in an increasingly warming climate.(这意味着这种环保涂料可以帮助社区在日益变暖的气候中保持凉爽)”可知，新研发的这种涂料的优势在于它模仿自然界的结构色，无需吸收热量就能反射光线创造出鲜明的颜色，而且是基于非毒性材料制成的。因此，选项C“Vivid, eco-friendly and cooling.(鲜艳、环保且具有降温效果)”最能全面概括这种新涂料的优点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“A team of researchers in Florida may have just created the world’s coolest paint ever.(佛罗里达州的一组研究人员可能刚刚创造了世界上最酷的油漆)”和末段的“I hope this paint could be the future to a healthier, cooler environment.(我希望这种涂料能成为未来更健康、更凉爽的环境)”可知，研究者Chanda和他的团队运用结构色原理创造了一种生态友好的新型涂料，使用结构色能帮助人们享受更凉爽和健康的生活，因此主旨是A选项“The paint of structural color could help people live cooler and healthier.(结构色涂料可以帮助人们生活得更凉爽、更健康。)”。故选A。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 主题01 人与环境——保护环境 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A Passage 3：1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B Passage 4：1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 主题02 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 2：1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C Passage 3：1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C Passage 4：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 5：1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 6：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 主题01 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D Passage 2：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 3：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 2：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 3：1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 主题02 人与自然——保护环境 Passage 1：1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2：1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A Passage 3：1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $