Unit6 living with nature讲义 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

该初中英语Unit6“Living with nature”复习讲义通过“词汇拓展-短语归类-语法整合”的框架构建知识体系，用表格呈现重点单词的词性转换（如child→children→childhood），思维导图串联主题短语（如“农耕活动”“自然规律”等），清晰展现词汇、短语与语法的内在联系及重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“语篇情境化练习”设计，如结合24节气、坎儿井文化的课文改编填空，培养文化意识；语法复习题（如宾语从句时态辨析）提升语言能力与思维品质。分层练习（课堂基础题、课后提升题）助力不同学生掌握，教师可据此实施精准教学，支持学生自主复习。

Unit6 Living with nature 一、重点单词及拓展 1. sweet adj. 甜的；甜蜜的；悦耳的 → sweetly adv. 悦耳动听地；好听地 1. village n. 村庄；村镇 → villager n. 村民 1. child n. 儿童；孩子；子女 → children (复数) n. 孩子们 → childhood n. 童年；儿童时代 → grandchild n. (外) 孙子；(外) 孙女 1. country n. 国家 → countries (复数) → countryside n. 乡下；农村；乡村地区 → countrywide adj. 全国范围的 1. especial adj. 特别的 → especially adv. 尤其；特别；格外 1. wise adj. 明智的；聪明的 → wisely adv. 明智地；聪明地 → wisdom n. 智慧；知识；学问 1. arrive v. 到达 → arrival n. 到来；到达 1. energy n. 能源；力量；精力 → energetic adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的 1. safe adj. 安全的；平安的 → safer (比较级) → safest (最高级) → unsafe adj. 不安全的；危险的 → safely adv. 安全地；无危险地；平安地 → safety n. 安全；安全处所 → save v. 搭救；节省；储蓄；保存 → safeguard v. 保护；捍卫 n. 安全设施 1. probable adj. 很可能的 → probably adv. 很可能；大概 1. summer n. 夏天 → midsummer n. 仲夏；中夏 1. rain n. 雨；雨水 v. 下雨 → rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的 → rainforest n. (热带) 雨林 → rainbow n. 虹；彩虹 → rainfall n. 雨量 1. survive v. 活下来；幸存 → survival n. 生存；幸存 → surviving adj. 幸存的；残存的 1. ground n. 地面；土地 → underground adj. 地 (面) 下的 1. amaze v. 使大为惊奇 → amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜 (或惊叹) 的 → amazed adj. 感到惊奇的；感到惊讶的 v. (amaze 的过去式 / 过去分词) → amazement n. 惊奇；惊愕 → amazingly adv. 惊人地；了不起地 1. short adj. 短的；矮的 → shorts n. 短裤 → shortage n. 短缺；不足；缺乏 2、 重点短语： By Jean 2026 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. send sweet smells into the air 把甜美的气味送入空中 2. be busy cutting the wheat 忙着割麦子 3. pick up the ears 捡起麦穗 4. one of the best memories 最美好的回忆之一 5. grow up in the countryside 在农村长大 6. live by farming 靠耕种为生 7. mean so much to sb 对某人意义重大 8. guide one‘s farming activities 指导某人的农耕活动 9. leave one’s hometown 离开家乡 10. long to share these feelings 渴望分享这些感受 11. take a new interest in 对……产生新的兴趣 12. ancient wisdom 古老的智慧 13. stay close to our hearts 贴近我们的心 14. be known as 被称为 15. bear social and cultural meanings 承载社会和文化意义 16. celebrate the arrival 庆祝到来 17. live by the laws of nature 遵循自然规律生活 18. live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 19. be one of the hottest areas 最热的地区之一 20. cook an egg on the desert sand 在沙漠沙子上煮鸡蛋 21. one of the driest places 最干旱的地方之一 22. survive in such a terrible climate 在如此恶劣的气候中生存 23. the secret lies in 秘密在于 24. be kept cool 保持凉爽 25. be safe from the desert heat 免受沙漠热浪的侵袭 26. thanks to the karez system 多亏了坎儿井系统 27. in this difficult environment 在这种艰苦的环境中 28. with only hand tools 仅用手工工具 29. no wonder 难怪 30. among the top three projects 三大工程之一 31. face a water shortage 面临水资源短缺 32. a large increase in water use 用水量大幅增加 33. play an important role 发挥重要作用 34. take action to protect 采取行动保护 35. be carried into the future 被带入未来 36. make a slide presentation 做幻灯片展示 37. benefit from 从……中受益 38. compare advantages and disadvantages 比较优点和缺点 39. make reasonable decisions 做出合理的决定 40. by respecting nature 通过尊重自然 3、 课文改编练习 From the eyes of Lao She 1 It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind 1 (blow), sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy 2 (cut) the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand 3 things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me. I always feel 4 (excite) when a new term is set 5 (begin). I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, 6 (especial) the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. In the hundreds of 7 (comment) below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known 8 ( the "Fifth Great Invention of China". They help people understand why nature works this way. Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings,too. People celebrate 9 (they) arrival with traditional activities. For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never 10 (disappear) from the life of the Chinese. A river of life below the earth 1 You 1 remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 2 It's 2 as one of the hottest areas in the world. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. That's enough to make your feet 3 !It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand.Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. It is one of the driest places in China. How do people 4 in such a terrible climate? The secret 5 the ancient karez system. 3 The karez system in Turpan includes more than 1,000 6 . They appear every 20-30 metres. Some of them are 100 metres deep! Under these wells are large underground canals. Water from the mountains falls into the wells. It then runs underground in the canals. It is kept cool and safe from the desert heat. There are over 5,000 km of underground canals in the area. That's nearly as long as the Yellow River! 7 the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment.And amazingly, all of this was 8 with only hand tools! No wonder it's among the top three 9 of ancient China 4 Today, the area faces a water 10 . There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. 11 modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. The centuries-old water system will surely be carried into the future. 1. A. certainly B. probably C. nearly D. hardly 2. A. called B. seen C. considered D. known 3. A. burn B. cool C. frozen D. warm 4. A. remind B.provide C. mention D. survive 5. A. depends on B. lies in C. looks after D. finds out 6. A. wells B. lakes C. rivers D. mountains 7. A. As for B. Thanks to C. Except for D. Instead of 8. A. discovered B. invented C. completed D. organized 9. A. projects B. points C. products D. purposes 10. A. pollution B. shortage C. waste D. protection A. Because B. If C. Although D. When 语法复习 1. The saying “when I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers” tells us ________. A．how we should serve people B．who we can learn from C．when we can walk with others D．why we need teachers 2．—________ of the two skirts are very nice. I can’t decide ________ to choose. — Why not ask your mum for help? A．All; what B．Both; which one C．Both; what D．All; which one 3．—I wonder ______ sweater it is on the bag. —It may be Tom’s. This is his bag. A．whose B．who C．what D．how 4．The teacher asked ________. A．how did we study B．how long I will stay there C．when would he come D．whose shirt this was 5．Could you tell me ________ the summer camp for teenagers will start? I need to book the ticket in advance. A．when B．that C．which D．what 6．If you wonder ________, just go to the lab to find it out. A．why H2O2 produced oxygen B．that H2O2 can produce oxygen C．how oxygen is made from H2O2 D．why is oxygen made from H2O2 7. The guide asked if we ________ any experience in hiking through mountainous areas before. A．have B．had C．will have D．has had 8. —I want to know if Tom ______ us in the fashion show tonight. —I believe if he ______ his homework, he will join us. A．joins; finishes B．will join; finishes C．joins; will finish D．will join; will finish 9. The physics teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．travels B．is travelling C．travelled D．was travelling 10. —Do you know if the sports meeting ________ on time? —Hard to say. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off. A．is held; will rain B．will be held; will rain C．is held; rains D．will be held; rains 课堂练习 一、根据汉语提示填写重点英文单词（共 15 题，每题 2 分，满分 30 分） 1. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees under the blue sky. The wind blew, sending sweet s__________ (气味) into the air. 2. This is one of the best m__________ (记忆) of my childhood. 3. Most of the villagers there lived by f__________ (务农). 4. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. The changes of the terms g__________ (引导) both their farming activities and daily lives. 5. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should r__________ (回应). 6. I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I l__________ (渴望) to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 7. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient w__________ (智慧). 8. In the hundreds of c__________ (评论) below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. 9. However, the ancient way of d__________ (划分) time stays close to our hearts. 10. The 24 Solar Terms are known as the "Fifth Great I__________ (发明) of China". 11. Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural m__________ (意义), too. 12. People c__________ (庆祝) their arrival with traditional activities. 13. For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and d__________(饺子) at Start of Winter. 14. The ancient c__________ (日历) has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. 15. How do people s__________ (生存) in such a terrible climate? The secret lies in the ancient karez system. 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（共 15 题，每题 2 分，满分 30 分） 1. It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang __________ (sweet) in the trees. 2. Under the blue sky, golden fields __________ (shine) like the sun. 3. The 24 Solar Terms __________ (mean) so much to them. 4. The changes of the terms __________ (guide) both their farming activities and daily lives. 5. The terms helped them __________ (understand) why things happened at certain times. 6. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms __________ (follow) me. 7. I always feel excited when a new term is set __________ (begin). 8. I longed __________ (share) these feelings in my paintings and poems. 9. I'm so happy that many people, especially the __________ (young), are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. 10. Now people may be moving away from __________ (farm). 11. The 24 Solar Terms are __________ (know) as the "Fifth Great Invention of China". 12. People celebrate their __________ (arrive) with traditional activities. 13. The ancient calendar has never __________ (disappear) from the life of the Chinese. 14. It's __________ (know) as one of the hottest areas in the world. 15. The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. That's enough __________ (make) your feet burn! 三、语法填空 Many people believe that the environment is being destroyed (破坏), and they think this is a new problem. They believe we are hurting nature because there are too many people and we use too many 1 (thing). This is true for some problems like the earth getting 2 (hot) than it was in the past. But deforestation (毁林) has been happening for centuries. One study shows how the land on earth 3 (change) for over the past 10,000 years. It shows that about of the earth’s land is good for living things. The rest is mostly ice, desert 4 other unsuitable (不合适的) places for life. It also shows that 10,000 years ago, of the world’s livable land 5 (cover) in forest. Today, only about is left. We have lost one-third of the world’s forests, an area twice as big 6 the United States! We lost only a small amount of forest in the first 5,000 years. At that time, there were very few people in the world. They needed a lot of land 7 (grow) enough food, but there was little need for forests. The world lost half of 8 (it) forests in the last 100 years. This is 9 same amount (数量) of forest that was lost from 8000 BC to 1900. Cutting down trees is not new, but it has worsened 10 (recent). While we need land for farming, new technology may help us grow more food on less land. This could help to save forests for everyone. However, we need to take action now. 课后作业 一、从下列每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．People in Turpan built the karez system ________ hand tools. A．in B．with C．by D．through 2．Solar power is a clean way to produce ________ without polluting the environment. A．ability B．strength C．energy D．voice 3．—Will you come to the party tomorrow? —I’m not sure, but I________ will if I finish my project on time. A．especially B．probably C．possibly D．properly 4．After drinking a cup of coffee, Lucy felt________ enough to finish her homework quickly. A．electric B．electronic C．energetic D．expensive 5．I think the short stories ________ by Dickens are very popular ________ children. A．are written; for B．are written; among C．written; among D．written; between 6．My pen is on the ground. Could you help me ________ it ________? A．grow; up B．pick; up C．take; up D．look; up 7．The old photo ________ a lot of good memories that he had in his childhood. A．bears B．lies C．charges D．shares 8．—MADE IN CHINA is more and more popular all over the world. —Yeah! Many countries can hardly avoid ________ products made in China for people now. A．giving B．offering C．sending D．providing 9．—I heard that _______ your grandpa _______ your father are doctors. —That’s true. I am proud of them. A．either; or B．both; and C．neither; nor D．not only; but also 10．Eating vegetables ________ good for our health. A．is B．are C．was D．were 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The birds sang ______ (sweet) in the tree. 2. Many ______ (village) work hard on the farm every day. 3. I have many happy memories from my ______ (child). 4. I like reading, ______ (especial) storybooks. 5. We can learn a lot of ______ (wise) from old stories. 6. We are looking forward to his ______ (arrive). 7. My brother is ______ (energy) and loves sports. 8. The plane landed ______ (safe) at the airport. 9. He is interested in ______ (bee-keep). 10. ______ (accord) to the map, we should turn left. 11. Solar ______ (energetic) is clean and useful. 12. We need some ______ (material) to make a model plane. 13. Water and oil are important natural ______ (resource). 14. It will ______ (probable) rain this afternoon. 15. The ______ (west) part of the city is very beautiful. 三、完型填空 One sunny Saturday, Professor Aris led us into the woods. “Open your eyes and keep your 1 sharp (敏锐的)!” he shouted to us. “True discovery needs attention.” Near a big tree, he stopped. “Look!” he said, pulling a powerful 2 out of his pocket. We stood around as he softly lifted a leaf with some water drops. Through the magnifier, the world 3 . Green veins (叶脉) became clear rivers. Water drops shone like planets. Small insects moved. It 4 a city we had never seen before! “So 5 ,” breathed Maya beside me. “It’s like a whole world!” Professor Aris smiled, “Quite right! The greatest stories of 6 are often written small.” Then he took 7 through the magnifier with his phone. “I’ll 8 these wonders to our website tonight,” he explained, “so our whole class can explore this hidden forest state.” When we were walking back, the common woods felt really 9 . Thanks to the professor and his powerful magnifier, we 10 : sometimes, the biggest adventures start by looking closely at the smallest things. Wonders wait, just beneath (在……的下方) the surface. 1．A．plan B．tool C．sight D．promise 2．A．pen B．magnifier C．phone D．note 3．A．stopped B．died C．disappeared D．changed 4．A．looked like B．came from C．listened to D．arrived in 5．A．boring B．amazing C．dangerous D．serious 6．A．dream B．drama C．silence D．nature 7．A．books B．pictures C．magazines D．novels 8．A．upload B．create C．increase D．reduce 9．A．scared B．unusual C．awful D．disappointed 10．A．lowered B．organized C．failed D．understood 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．D （25-26八年级下·湖南长沙·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mount Huangshan lies in Anhui Province and attracts millions of travellers every year. It is one of the 1 (great) natural wonders in China. People dream of climbing its strange peaks and watching the famous sea of clouds. 2 (surprising), the mountain looks different in each season and the weather is so changeable that many visitors come here again and again. The mountain has a long history. In the Ming Dynasty, the famous traveller Xu Xiake visited Huangshan. Then he 3 (write), “There is no mountain worth (值得) seeing after visiting Huangshan.” However, the climb is not easy. Some travellers have to deal 4 physical difficulties such as tired legs and sore feet. Others even get lost in the thick fog. But its amazing beauty always encourages people to keep going. Today, visitors can choose different 5 (way) to enjoy the mountain. The new cable cars (缆车) allow tourists 6 (enjoy) the beauty of Huangshan without walking too much. Some travellers worry that modern development takes away the real spirit of the mountain. 7 it saves time, it cannot offer the joy of real climbing. They say it makes people forget how to challenge 8 (they). Whether we take the cable car or walk bit by bit, Huangshan leaves us with 9 unusual experience. It teaches us that the highest 10 (achieve) often comes after the hardest climb. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．Surprisingly 3．wrote 4．with 5．ways 6．to enjoy 7．Although/Though 8．themselves 9．an 10．achievement Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians (数学家) in ancient China. He was born during the Northern and Southern dynasties. From a young age, Zu was taught natural science, astronomy (天文学), math and so on. The little boy was interested in all of these subjects, especially in math. Zu was best known for his calculation of pi (圆周率). According to historical records, he did all the work using only wooden sticks. No one at that time was able to calculate it more accurately (准确地) than Zu. He was also known for working out how to calculate the volume (体积) of a ball. He did this with the help of his son Zu Gengzhi, and they recorded this achievement in Zhui Shu. Zu was not only successful in math, but also did a good job in astronomy. He created the Daming Calendar (大明历). However, the government at that time did not agree with Zu. After his death, his son kept on proving (证明) that the Daming Calendar was more accurate. Almost ten years later, this calendar was finally accepted. Zu was also an inventor. He once made a vehicle (车辆) with a pointer (指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the South. Zu also invented the 1,000-li Boat. The boat could travel 1,000 li (about 60 kilometers) in a day. 1．Which of the following questions can be answered by reading Zhui Shu? A．How can people do calculations using wooden sticks? B．How can people work out the accurate value of pi? C．How can people calculate the volume of a ball? D．How many days are there in a year? 2．The Daming Calendar was not immediately put into use (投入使用) because ________. A．the government refused to use the calendar B．Zu Gengzhi proved that the calendar was inaccurate C．the calendar was hard for the general public to accept D．Zu Chongzhi later discovered mistakes in the calendar 3．What’s the best structure for the text? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce a great dynasty in ancient China. B．To introduce the achievements in ancient China. C．To tell us a story about Zu Chongzhi and his son. D．To tell us about Zu Chongzhi’s great achievements. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D $