上海市上复旦大学附属中学2026届高三下五月第二次阶段检测英语试题

**基本信息** 以历史文化、科学研究及生活实践为情境载体，通过语法词汇、阅读、写作等多元题型，融合语言能力与思维品质，适配高三学生综合素养提升。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|20题|时态、从句、非谓语、词汇辨析|以“鲍街警察博物馆”历史文本设题，渗透文化意识，考察语法应用与语境词汇匹配| |阅读理解|32题|历史、科学（双胞胎研究/鲨鱼进化）、生活感悟、实用文体|科学类文本（如双胞胎研究）引导逻辑分析，实用文体（邮寄指南）强化信息提取，培养思维品质| |概要写作|1题|信息提炼与语言概括|以“视觉思考者Ann Grand”案例，考察要点整合与简洁表达能力| |翻译|4题|句式转换与词汇运用|涵盖生活场景（冲浪/校园）与社会话题（城市地标/专业选择），提升语言表达准确性| |应用文写作|1题|情境沟通与目标表达|以社团资金申请为任务，考察实际问题解决与规范书面沟通能力|

复旦附中高三下英语五月第二次阶段检测 答案 1. where 2. what 3. appearing 4. to have 5. must 6. Founded 7. were equipped 8. until 9. preserves 10. Whether 11-20 FBEJD HGKAC 21-35 BDADA DCCAD BCBCA A篇36-39 BDBB B篇40-42 ACD C篇43-46 CADC 六选四47-50： EACF 概要： Ann Grand is a special visual thinker who instantly turns words into clear, time-ordered images like videos. This ability helps her mentally create 3D designs for livestock equipment and test them in various situations to fix errors early. Besides, her sharp attention to details lets her observe animals well and create comfortable, animal-friendly designs. 翻译： 52.The surfer went to remote beaches in search of perfect waves. 53.What made the teachers relieved was the students' enthusiasm and creativity. 54.Having been built for over half a century, this building has served as a landmark of Shanghai. 55.Before deciding on a major at university, we need to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each field, including job prospects and personal interests. 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦附中高三下英语五月第二次阶段检测 （考试时间 105 分钟，满分 115 分） I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Bow Street Police Museum: A Journey Through History In the heart of London lies a hidden treasure for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike. The Bow Street Police Museum is a fascinating place (1)______ history comes to life, offering a unique look at one of London's oldest policing stations. Located in central London, the museum occupies (2)______ was once the Bow Street Police Station and Magistrates Court. This historic building opened in 1881 and played a key role in law enforcement for over a century. In the past, people arrested in the area were held overnight in cells before (3) ______ (appear) in court the next morning. Today, visitors can explore these cells, including a particularly large one called "the tank." It once held many people at a time and was known (4) ______ (have) an awful smell and poor conditions. Walking into the tank today makes it easy to imagine how unpleasant it (5)______(be) back then. The museum also tells the story of the Bow Street Runners, often considered London's first organized police force. (6) ______ (found) in 1749 by brothers Henry and John Fielding, this group laid the foundation for modern policing. Henry Fielding was also a well-known author, and new officers under him (7) ______ (equip) with simple tools like handcuffs, a pistol, and a stick to help maintain peace. The police station finally closed in 1992, while the court continued operating (8)______ 2006. It hosted several famous trials. Today, the museum (9) ______ (preserve) this rich history, sharing stories of crime, justice, and the people who worked there. (10) ______ you're exploring the cells or learning about important trials, the Bow Street Police Museum offers an unforgettable journey into the past. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. biologically B. breathing C. connected D. dating E. define F. eventually G. identity H. image I. primitive J. scientific K. trace When did you begin? You might think your life began on the day you were born, but the true story of your beginning is far more complex. The atoms in your body—like the carbon in your cells and the iron in your blood—were created billions of years ago in the hearts of ancient stars. These elements formed as stars burned, exploded, and spread their material across the universe. After traveling through space, they (11)______ became part of a young Earth and, later, part of you. But what about when you became a living, (12)______ being? There's no clear answer. Some (13)______ it as the moment of conception (受孕) or the first heartbeat. Others, like developmental biologist Scott Gilbert, argue that there's no (14)______ agreement on when human life actually starts. For centuries, people believed life began when a mother first felt her baby move—something called the "quickening." Today, technology lets us see signs of life earlier, but we're still left (15)______ what really counts as the beginning. And what about when you became you? Children begin to develop a sense of self around age two. They start recognizing their (16)______ in mirrors and using words like "I" and "me." These early signs of self-awareness are the foundation of what we think of as personal (17)______. However, some scientists believe our sense of self is more fluid and less continuous than we imagine. So, when did you begin? Physically, you (18)______ back to the birth of stars; (19) ______, you began developing during the earliest stages of pregnancy. And as a conscious being, your journey started in early childhood. Rather than having a single starting point, your beginning might be seen as a series of (20) ______ moments in an ever-evolving story. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In 1979, the US public was drawn to the "Jim twins," a pair of identical twin brothers adopted at birth by different families who reunited at age 39. Their shared names were just the beginning of their (21)______. Both worked in law enforcement, enjoyed carpentry, owned Chevrolets, and took vacations at the same beach in Florida. Even more striking, they both married women named Linda, divorced, and later married a Betty. The Jim twins inspired the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which compared 137 pairs of identical and non-identical twins raised (22) ______. This study was the first to show that around half of personality differences come from genetics, (23) ______ the idea that we are born as blank slates (板). It highlighted the complexity of the nature VS nurture (培养) debate, a topic often (24)______ in discussions. In his book Unique: The New Science of Human Individuality, neuroscientist David Linden examines the latest research on the diverse factors that (25)______ human behavior and physiology. He explores how we are influenced by our genes, upbringing, and (26)______, exploring a range of topics including how we sleep and perceive the world. One interesting aspect Linden discusses is our ability to (27)______ smells. While it may seem like a fixed trait (特点), research shows it is more (28)______ than we think. In high-income countries, the sense of smell is often considered less important than vision or hearing. (29) ______, hunter-gatherer communities like the Maniq of Thailand excel at identifying smells, likely due to their reliance on this ability for survival. This difference extends to (30) ______: the Maniq language includes 15 abstract words for smells, while English has few words to describe smells that aren't related to their source. Another important factor affecting (31)______ is the randomness of early development. Twin studies show that while about half of personality differences come from genes, parenting has a (32)______ influence—usually less than 10%. Geneticist Robert Plomin suggests that much of the remaining variation comes from random events during brain development. Linden points out that "the wiring of the human brain is so complex that it can't be precisely determined by a person's DNA." Small random changes in cell position or movement can lead to significant (33)______ in how the brain is wired and functions Despite advancements in understanding brain development, many (34)______ remain. It's unclear how many of the Jim twins' coincidences originated from genetic similarities compared to randomness. While we are just beginning to (35)______ the complexities of the human brain, Linden's work provides valuable insights that cast light on the nature of individuality. 21 A. struggle B. similarities C. reunion D. innovations 22 A. accordingly B. regionally C. consistently D. separately 23 A. challenging B. introducing C. exploring D. borrowing 24 A. understood B. hidden C. transitioned D. oversimplified 25 A. shape B. study C. exhibit D. justify 26 A. food B. exercise C. weather D. chance 27 A. depend upon B. battle with C. discriminate between D. consist in 28 A. stable B. obvious C. flexible D. weak 29 A. In contrast B. What's more C. As a result D. By the way 30 A. livelihood B. discussion C. appearance D. language 31 A. adaptability B. individuality C. sustainability D. predictability 32 A. direct B. crucial C. minimal D. combined 33 A. improvements B. differences C. exceptions D. relationships 34 A. traces B. costs C. questions D. features 35 A. grasp B. avoid C. demand D. add Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Parenthood is often described as life's greatest gift—a journey of deep love and connection. Children are the light of your life, the ones who make everything worthwhile. But, like any long-term relationship, it has its challenging moments. Years ago, I wrote a column suggesting that what most mothers really want for Mother's Day isn't flowers or breakfast in bed—it's an apology. A heartfelt acknowledgement of all the moments their children tested their patience. Picture this: "March 2004, losing my temper on a ferry—I'm sorry. April 2004, screaming because you broke my chess—I'm sorry. April 2004 again, screaming because the replacement cheese was also 'wrong'—I'm sorry." Parents, of course, could admit their own mistakes, like accidentally ruining childhood myths about Snow White. It would be a way for everyone to start fresh as they entered adulthood. While I never got those apologies, a recent experience brought me close to that feeling. Both my daughters have recently moved out and started their own independent lives. Watching them face the realities of adulthood has been unexpectedly satisfying. Every time they're surprised by how difficult life can be, it feels like proof that my years of parenting paid off. In a darkly humorous way, it's almost like the perfect parent would leave their kids so unprepared that they wouldn't last a day. Thankfully, I didn't aim for that kind of perfection—both my daughters are doing well, despite some struggles along the way. Still, their comments about adult life are little victories for me. One daughter admitted she now understands why I insisted on carpets instead of concrete floors. She even sees the value of things she once laughed at, like curtains and electric blankets. Another revelation came when she discovered how expensive basic items like washing powder are. "Why is something so boring so costly?" she asked, shocked. It's not just the financial surprises. They've also come to appreciate the small comforts of home. One daughter admitted it's nice to wake up to someone cooking breakfast. She used to wish I'd leave her alone for a weekend, but now she sees the warmth of having someone there. I'm still waiting for the ultimate acknowledgement—when they become parents themselves and finally understand my efforts—but for now, these small realizations feel like a sweet reward. 36.According to the author, what do most mothers truly want for Mother's Day? A. Flowers and breakfast in bed. B. A genuine expression of regret from their children. C. A chance to reflect on their parenting achievements. D. A discussion about childhood myths like Snow White. 37.What does the author find satisfying about her daughters moving out? A. Their newfound freedom. B. Their financial independence. C. Finding them unwilling to leave home. D. Seeing them handle the struggles of adult life. 38.What realization did one of the author's daughters have about household items? A. Concrete floors are better than carpets. B. Washing powder is surprisingly expensive. C. Electric blankets are unnecessary luxuries. D. Curtains are outdated interior design elements. 39.Why does the author believe her daughters' small realizations are rewarding? A. They make her feel less alone. B. They justify her parenting choices. C. They highlight her daughters' maturity. D. They remind her of the warmth of family life. (B) Sending Mail Abroad What are you sending? Letter and postcards Letters and postcards to Europe can only be sent by Airmail—up to a maximum weight of 2kg. Airmail Our standard Airmail service for sending international mail to anywhere in the world quickly and cost effectively. How to use Stick our branded Airmail sticker—available free from Post Office branches—on your item of mail and post it in any post box or Post Office branch. Alternatively, you can simply write 'BY AIRMAIL—PAR AVION' in the front top left corner. Our Airmail delivery aims are: · Western Europe: 3 days following day of posting · Eastern Europe: 4 days following day of posting · Outside Europe: 5 days following day of posting Airmail prices Weight up to Europe World Zone 1 World Zone 2 Postcards £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 10g £0.44 £0.50 £0.50 20g £0.44 £0.72 £0.72 40g £0.64 £1.12 £1.19 60g £0.83 £1.51 £1.66 80g £1.02 £1.91 £2.14 100g £1.21 £2.31 £2.61 120g £1.41 £2.70 £3.08 140g £1.60 £3.10 £3.55 160g £1.79 £3.49 £4.02 Surface mail Our economical service for sending non-urgent international mail. How to use Surface items should be addressed as normal. · The name of the country in CAPITALS must come last. Our Surface mail delivery aims are: · Western Europe: 2 weeks following day of posting · Eastern Europe: 4 weeks following day of posting · Outside Europe: 8-12 weeks following day of posting Surface mail prices Weight up to Postcards Letters only to outside Europe 20g £0.42 £0.42 60g £0.72 £0.72 100g £1.02 £1.02 150g £1.43 £1.43 Where is it going? World Zone 1 World Zone 1 covers all countries not in either Europe or World Zone 2. World Zone 2 Australia Korea Philippines China New Zealand Japan 40.If you post a letter to France, which is located in Western Europe, on November 1st, it will arrive there ______. A. on November 4th B. on November 5th C. on November 15th D. on November 29th 41.If you post a letter, weighing 110g, to the United States by airmail, you need to pay ______. A. £2.31 B. £2.61 C. £2.70 D. £3.08 42.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. The cost of sending a postcard to Japan by airmail is £0.42. B. You can choose to send a letter to Germany by surface mail. C. You must use the branded Airmail sticker to send a letter by airmail. D. A postcard sent to Egypt by surface mail may take 9 weeks to arrive. (C) Scientists know little about how sharks came to exist because of the way their skeletons are made. Sharks have skeletons (骨骼) mostly made of cartilage, a soft and flexible material that doesn't fossilize (成为化石) well. As a result, sharks don't leave clear remains like animals with hard bones. This means that shark skeletons don't leave behind the same clear, lasting remains as animals with bony skeletons. "Cartilage is a tricky material," explains John Maisey, a scientist at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. For centuries, scientists have tried to piece together the history of sharks but could only make educated guesses that sharks might have come from fish with actual bones. However, a recent breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for understanding where sharks came from. Using advanced CT scanning technology, Maisey and his team examined the only known fossil of an ancient fish called Doliodus problematicus. This fossil is 400 million years old and was first discovered in the mid-1990s in Canada. For years, researchers could only study it from the outside, but in 2014, new CT scanning technology allowed them to look deeper into its structure without damaging it. What they found could be a missing link in the shark evolution puzzle. The scan revealed surprising details. Unlike modern sharks, which are smooth and lack external spines (脊柱), the Doliodus fossil had spines along its back and near its lower body. These spines were similar to those found in an older type of fish with both bony and shark-like characteristics. It also had jaws and teeth like those of modern sharks, showing a mix of features from early bony fish and today's sharks. This makes Doliodus an important connection between two groups of fish, offering new clues about shark evolution. "This is a major discovery," says Michael Coates, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Chicago. Coates believes that these findings support the idea that acanthodians, the ancient group with both bony and shark-like characteristics, could represent an important step in the early development of sharks. Maisey's research encourages scientists to revisit acanthodians, an extinct group of fish with both bony and shark-like features. These ancient creatures are thought to represent a transitional stage in fish evolution, potentially reshaping what we know about the origins of sharks. 43.What is the passage primarily about? A. Finding a new shark species with advanced technology. B. The role of sharks in the extinction of ancient fish species. C. An important discovery in understanding how sharks evolved. D. Efforts to uncover the origins of sharks through fossil research. 44.Why is it tricky to study the evolution of sharks? A. Their skeletons rarely endure over time. B. Their remains are hard to find in ancient rock layers. C. Their evolutionary history is too recent to be understood. D. Their bones have been confused with those of other fish species. 45.What is the significance of the Doliodus problematicus fossil? A. It confirms that sharks evolved mainly from acanthodians. B. It suggests that ancient sharks lacked both jaws and spines. C. It proves that sharks are directly related to modern bony fish. D. It shows a connection between early bony fish and modern sharks. 46.How is the passage organized? A. By describing several fossils before focusing on Doliodus. B. By comparing features of sharks and acanthodians in detail. C. By explaining the difficulties in studying sharks and sharing new findings. D. By summarizing past research on ancient fish without introducing new insights. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. This concept suggests that a planet does not need to be fully habitable across its entire surface all the time to support life. B. Even Earth is not 100 per cent habitable by the standard liquid-water definition. C. Another possibility involves planets with irregular orbits, leading to extreme seasonal changes. D. It sounds like a simple enough wish list, but finding a planet that fulfills all of these criteria has kept astronomers busy for decades. E. However, recent advancements in astronomy have expanded our understanding of planetary habitability. F. With each discovery, we learn more about the vast diversity of planetary environments. Back to the Drawing Board Back to the Drawing Board The traditional approach to finding habitable (可居住的) planets outside our solar system has been to look for Earth-like planets in a star's "Goldilocks zone," where it's not too hot or too cold for liquid water. (47)______ In other words, the conditions for life may be more complex and varied than previously thought. Astrophysicists now believe that in addition to the right temperature range, several other factors are critical in determining whether a planet can support life. These include the planet's mass, atmospheric composition, and its magnetic field, which can protect the planet from harmful radiation. Furthermore, the planet's orbital dynamics play significant roles in stabilizing its climate over long periods. Recent studies have shown that some planets might exhibit what scientists call "fractional habitability." (48)______ Instead, areas or periods that can support life might be enough, similar to how life on Earth exists in various environments like deep oceans and deserts. For instance, a planet orbiting a red dwarf star—common but faint stars in our galaxy—might experience intense tidal heating due to its closeness to its star. This tidal heating could prevent the planet's surface from freezing entirely, creating potential habitats, despite the star's weak solar output. Additionally, the volcanic activity stimulated by tidal forces could release gases essential for an atmosphere capable of supporting life. (49)______ Such planets might be mostly unfriendly to life for part of their orbit but could offer brief windows where conditions are perfect for life. These kinds of habitability challenges our Earth-centric view of life's requirements and suggests that even planets in the chaotic orbits of binary star systems (双星系统) might occasionally host life-giving conditions. As the search for extraterrestrial life continues, these new models help scientists prioritize targets for further investigation. (50)______ This brings us closer to understanding the true nature of habitability and perhaps eventually finding life beyond Earth. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Ann Grand: a visual thinker Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words are instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the images visualized are always specific. For example, if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house, and then those in her hometown. That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for. Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations (三维仿真设计). This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock (牲畜) industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind. She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started. Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals. She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52.这名冲浪运动员前往偏远的海滩，以寻找完美的海浪。(in search) 53.同学们的热情和创意，让老师们欣慰。(What) 54.这幢大厦建成已有半个多世纪，一直是上海的城市地标。(serve) 55.在决定大学就读专业之前，我们需要权衡每个领域的利弊，包括工作前景和个人兴趣。(weigh) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明。最近学校计划对部分学生社团提供资金赞助，希望得到赞助的社团可提交书面申请。作为学校科技社的社长，写一份申请以获得学校的资金赞助，内容须包括： 1）对科技社的简单介绍（规模、活动安排等） 2）需要资金帮助的理由 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $