上海市2025-2026学年高二第二学期英语期末考试模拟卷A

**基本信息** 以上海高二期末英语模拟卷为载体，融合智能喂鸟器、跨物种交流、月球时间尺度等科技与自然主题，通过真实情境考查语言运用与思维深度，适配高二学生核心素养发展需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|10题/10分|时态（如过去时被动）、连接词（when）|以智能科技产品为情境，考查语法在真实语篇中的应用| |阅读理解|26题/40分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|素材涵盖二语写作自我发现、《心灵鸡汤》投稿指南等，兼顾人文与实用| |概要写作|1题/5分|信息整合、逻辑提炼|以城市屋顶花园环保主题，考查要点概括与语言简洁性| |应用文写作|1题/20分|建议提出、理由阐述|围绕社区共享工具库，要求分析经济与环保价值，体现解决实际问题能力|

上海市2025-2026学年高二第二学期英语期末考试模拟卷A 高二年级 英语学科 （考试时间100分钟 总分100分） Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary: Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. For decades, birdwatching has been a peaceful pastime. But a new generation of smart bird feeders, equipped with cameras and artificial intelligence, is transforming the hobby into an interactive digital experience. The Bird Buddy, one of the most popular devices, can identify visiting species, snap photos, and send notifications directly to a user's smartphone. “When the first blue jay landed on my feeder, my phone buzzed within seconds,” said Michelle Zhang, a tech enthusiast from Shanghai. “It was like the bird introduced 21 to me personally.” The feeder's built-in camera captures images 22 a bird triggers a sensor. Then, AI software analyzes the picture, comparing it against a database of thousands of species. Users receive a “visit card” with the bird's name, a photo, and fun facts. The device costs around $250, and while some critics argue it commercializes nature, its creators insist it 23 (design) to deepen human connection with wildlife. “We're not replacing the experience; we're enhancing it,” said company founder Eric White. “Many people wouldn't know a finch from a sparrow. This tool 24 (help) them learn in real time.” However, not everyone is impressed. Traditional birdwatchers argue that constantly checking phones defeats the purpose of observing nature, which requires patience and quiet attention. “The joy of birdwatching 25 (lie) in the unexpected,” said ornithologist Dr. Helen Zhao. “If you're waiting for an app to tell you what you're seeing, are you truly watching?” She also raised concerns about privacy, as smart feeders placed near windows could potentially record people inside their homes. Despite the criticism, sales are booming. The company reports 26 (ship) over 100,000 units since its launch. Enthusiasts praise the feeder for making birdwatching accessible to beginners, children, and people with limited mobility. “I used to think birds were just... birds,” admitted Zhang. “Now I can tell you 27 a house finch lives in my neighborhood. This device gave me a window into a world I never noticed before.” Environmentalists have also weighed in. Some worry that feeders could make birds dependent on human-supplied food or spread diseases at crowded feeding spots. 28 , the company encourages users to clean feeders regularly and provides guidelines for responsible placement. In response to privacy concerns, a software update now allows users to blur any footage 29 (record) near windows before sharing. As technology continues to reshape outdoor recreation, the smart bird feeder represents a fascinating intersection of nature and innovation. Whether one views it 30 a helpful learning tool or a digital distraction, there is no denying its growing influence on how modern humans engage with the wild world outside their doors. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. astonishingly B. attached C. challenges D. collected E. consumption F. currently G. elsewhere H. identical I. negotiate J. reduce K. sensitive How Animals “Talk” Across Species When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow an ancient proverb: “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently been finding subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in a kind of cross-species defense network. For example, a study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution documented more than 20 bird species on four continents that produce nearly 31 “whining” calls when they detect brood parasites like cuckoos. “That call is essentially the word for ‘cuckoo’ in bird language,” said study co-lead author James Kennerley. The sound 32 recruits other birds to come together against this common enemy. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attacking a single cuckoo in response to these calls. The mob can be so aggressive that Kennerley needs to cage the bird used in experiments; otherwise, attackers would “completely tear it to pieces,” he said. Many birds also share a common alarm 33 for predators. Research by wildlife ecologist Erick Greene shows that various songbirds produce high-pitched “seet” calls to warn of a raptor in flight. These calls are too high for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival spreads through the forest. If the raptor lands, birds switch to “mobbing” calls—a distinct sound that, as Greene puts it, “draws in the troops to drive that raptor off.” Defense is not the only reason for cross-species communication. It may also help animals find food and 34 risks. A recent study found that when seabirds with sharp vision search for food alongside seabirds with a strong sense of smell, both groups have greater success catching krill. Unlike the “seet” and whining calls, however, it remains unclear whether they are deliberately signaling to one another or simply following 35 . Some of the most 36 cross-species communication occurs underground. Researchers have discovered that plants and fungi form what scientists call a “common mycorrhizal network,” 37 through which they exchange nutrients and even send warning signals about insect attacks. “It’s like an underground internet,” said biologist Suzanne Simard. When a tree is 38 by pests, it can send chemical signals through the network to neighboring trees, which then strengthen their own chemical defenses. These findings 39 the traditional view that communication is primarily a within-species phenomenon. As Greene noted, “Very complex multispecies communication networks are pervasive. It really benefits animals to pay attention to one another.” Understanding these networks could also help conservation efforts, as human activity often disrupts the 40 signals that different species rely on to cooperate. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As a rule, friendship is considered an unalloyed good, like fresh flowers and ripe fruit. Most people can name at least half a dozen individuals they 41 as good friends. Yet researchers who explore the deep nature of friendship 42 that the bond can sometimes have its thorns. Take the new evidence that people tend to choose friends who 43 themselves. This tendency toward homophily—flocking together with birds of your inner and outer feather—creates a satisfying sense of 44 . But homophily, researchers say, is also the basis of tribalism and xenophobia, the 45 to “otherize” those who differ from you and your friends. “Why must it be that we love our own and hate the other?” asked Nicholas Christakis of Yale University. “I have struggled with this, and the research has been mostly 46 . Xenophobia and in-group bias go hand in hand. In order to 47 together, we seem to need a common enemy.” Fortunately, he added, no model requires that the out-group must be destroyed or 48 from the scene entirely. “It is possible to treat the out-group with mild dislike or even grudging respect,” he said. 49 , even the ordinary business of making friends is an exclusionary act, therefore filled with potential for pain. “A friendship is always a little bit of a conspiracy,” said Alexander Nehamas, a philosophy professor at Princeton. “We two are here, they are over there, and we are going to do our thing. If they try to join us, we can say, sorry, that seat is 50 . We’re saving it for a friend.” Who may not return the favor. Researchers recently showed that people are poor 51 of who their friends are. When scientists asked college students to identify which classmates 52 as friends, they found that in half the cases, those labeled as friends failed to repay the title. Friendships are also surprisingly fragile. Based on a detailed survey, researchers determined that people experience a falling-out with a member of their social circle about once every seven months, and that a year later, 40 percent of those broken relationships remained 53 . The overall rates of friendship conflict did not differ between men and women, but women were more likely to argue with close friends, to express deep suffering over a breakup, and to be more 54 of evidence of regret before mending differences. Sure, love may mean never having to say you’re sorry. But friendship is 55 , and sorry may not always be enough. 41. A. regard B. treat C. introduce D. pretend 42. A. doubt B. admit C. promise D. ignore 43. A. admire B. resemble C. attract D. support 44. A. belonging B. achievement C. humor D. justice 45. A. ability B. need C. urge D. excuse 46. A. encouraging B. confusing C. surprising D. depressing 47. A. live B. band C. grow D. study 48. A. protected B. removed C. separated D. borrowed 49. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However 50. A. broken B. taken C. cleaned D. locked 51. A. judges B. examples C. creators D. witnesses 52. A. remained B. acted C. qualified D. sounded 53. A. unproven B. unhealed C. unattended D. unspoken 54. A. afraid B. proud C. demanding D. deserving 55. A. rarer B. harder C. stronger D. simpler Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In December 2022, I began keeping a diary in English, my second language. This, I came to learn, made me an outside observer of my own emotions, providing clarity that was often lost in the familiarity of my native tongue. During graduate school, a diary in Spanish helped me fill time that felt empty of meaning. But looking back, I realize how much of what I wrote then was shaped by writing in a language too close to my heart. In one entry, I wrote a long, unstructured passage in Spanish full of emotional phrases. The diary read as if it had been rushed to the page unfiltered, straight from my brain. Writing a diary in English, however, forced me to search for precise words, slowing down my thinking and taming my thoughts. Through English, navigating life’s difficulties became more bearable, and what started as a simple record turned into a therapeutic practice of self-analysis. Last summer, I faced an identity crisis: I felt emotionally stuck between my hometown in Spain and the city where I now live. Neither place felt like a true home. Writing about that despair in English gave me space for deeper introspection. “Is it possible to feel settled somewhere,” I wrote, “when part of who you are depends on constantly leaving?” By stepping away from the rawness of my native language, I finally came to understand myself. A writer from my hometown disagrees. He believes his work, much of which is intimate poetry, comes alive only in his native Galician. He told me, “There is a language of your body.” He is right: writing in English feels unnatural and will never be as close to my heart as Spanish. Yet precisely because it feels unnatural, it frees me from the habits that often limit how I understand myself. Other writers have embraced keeping a diary in a second language. One writer learned Italian as a way to find herself, noting, “I don’t recognize the person writing in this diary, but I know it’s the most genuine part of me.” Keeping a diary in a foreign language was humbling—a process full of mistakes that nevertheless allowed me to see myself from a fresh, distant perspective. It made who I am clearer to me. 56. According to paragraph 2, why did the author feel that writing in Spanish during graduate school was ineffective for clear thinking? A. Because Spanish lacked the vocabulary needed to describe complex emotions. B. Because writing in Spanish required her to slow down her thoughts too much. C. Because Spanish was emotionally too close to allow for objective reflection. D. Because she had forgotten most of her Spanish grammar rules by that time. 57. What was the main outcome of the author’s identity crisis described in paragraph 3? A. She decided to return permanently to her hometown in Spain. B. She realized that writing in English helped her understand herself better. C. She concluded that living in a foreign country was unsuitable for her. D. She began writing poetry in Galician following the writer’s advice. 58. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the author’s view on using a second language for personal writing? A. It is only useful for professional writers and poets. B. It creates emotional distance that reveals hidden truths about oneself. C. It ultimately fails to capture the authenticity of human experience. D. It should be avoided because it feels unnatural and uncomfortable. 59. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this passage? A. The Challenges of Learning a Second Language Later in Life B. A Comparison of Spanish and English Writing Styles C. How Writing in a Foreign Language Led Me to Self-Discovery D. Why Daily Journaling Is Essential for Mental Health (B) The first Chicken Soup for the Soul book was released in 1993 and quickly became a holiday favorite. Since then, more than 250 books have been published containing inspiring stories submitted by readers. On this part of the website, you will find a list of new book topics, our writing guidelines, and our submission form. We welcome your stories, written in English, from all over the world. Guidelines for a Chicken Soup for the Soul story: 1. Tell an exciting, heartwarming, or funny story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. Your story should be written in the first person. 2. Don’t be afraid to speak from the heart. You may use a pen name for your story. 3. Keep your story to 1,200 words or less. 4. We love poems that tell a story, but we do not publish poems that seem overly focused on rhyming or those which read more like greeting cards. What happens after you submit your story? 1. Please complete all fields in the submission form. After you press SUBMIT, wait for a screen that says: “Thank you! Your information has been received.” This is the only confirmation that your story has entered our database. 2. We do not send rejection letters, and we occasionally save a submission for a future book. But in general, if you have not heard from us 60 days before the book’s on-sale date, that probably means we have decided not to use your story. 3. If we choose your story for a future book, we will notify you by email and request your permission to print it. You will be paid $200 one month after the book’s publication and receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will also be entitled to buy books from us at half price. A few more tips about submitting your stories: The only way to submit your stories is via our website. If you have problems filling out the form, please contact us at: webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul.com. Please submit stories that have not been previously published. The only exception is if your work has only been published in a small local publication with limited circulation or on your own blog. Please do not send us any book manuscripts unless through a literary agent, as they will be automatically discarded. “We love our writers, and we look forward to reading your stories. Thanks for sharing!” — Amy Newmark, editor-in-chief 60. Your writing will NOT be considered by Chicken Soup for the Soul’s editors if ________. A. you do not submit it through the website B. you do not use your real name in the story C. it has already been published on a large scale D. it is a poem that tells a true story about yourself 61. You will hear from Chicken Soup for the Soul’s editors ________. A. as soon as you submit your story on the website B. after your story has been published in a new edition C. when your story has been selected for a future edition D. 45 days before the new edition is available for purchase 62. Which of the following statements is TRUE if your story is published by Chicken Soup for the Soul? A. You will have a chance to become a staff writer at the publishing house. B. You will be paid $200 every month after your story’s publication. C. You will receive a 40% discount when purchasing books from the company. D. You will receive ten free copies of the book containing your story. (C) One of the universe’s most fascinating wonders is the variability of timekeeping: seconds pass slightly faster on a mountaintop than in a valley due to gravity’s influence. On the Moon, a single Earth day is about 56 microseconds shorter—a small but significant difference over time. NASA and its international partners are now working to establish a new “time scale” for the Moon, accounting for these differences rather than simply creating a lunar time zone. Humans have long relied on natural timekeepers like sundials and lunar phases. However, since the appearance of mechanical clocks in the 14th century, precision has become vital. Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity further complicated timekeeping by revealing that gravity slows time. General relativity explains that massive objects like Earth bend space-time, causing time to pass more slowly closer to their surface. This has been confirmed by atomic clocks, which tick slower near Earth’s surface. To manage these complexities, scientists use a global network of atomic clocks to create Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), averaging readings to ensure accuracy. However, time behaves even more unpredictably farther from Earth, where gravity weakens and motion affects its passage according to Einstein’s special relativity. Spacecraft already navigate these challenges using onboard oscillators to maintain their own time while relating back to Earth’s UTC. For example, missions to Pluto rely on ground stations but also use their own time scales for navigation. GPS satellites, orbiting 12,550 miles above Earth, have provided valuable data by comparing their atomic clocks to Earth-bound ones, helping scientists refine timekeeping for lunar missions. Creating a lunar time scale involves accurately measuring time on the Moon while ensuring it can be related back to Earth time. To achieve precision, scientists plan to use a network of clocks on the Moon, possibly combining atomic clocks for long-term stability and crystal oscillators for short-term accuracy. These clocks could be placed in lunar orbit or on the surface, with costs ranging from millions of dollars for atomic clocks to less expensive oscillators. This network will support LunaNet, a lunar navigation and communication system similar to Earth’s internet and GPS. Establishing this framework requires international collaboration, with NASA and the European Space Agency leading efforts. However, gaining agreement from non-allied nations remains a challenge. Precision timekeeping is crucial not only for scientific understanding but also for mission infrastructure. By applying lessons from Earth, scientists aim to create a reliable lunar time scale, paving the way for future missions to Mars and beyond. As one NASA official noted, mastering lunar timekeeping will prepare humanity for deeper exploration of the solar system. 63. According to the article, why do seconds pass slightly faster on a mountain than in a valley? A. Because the closer to massive objects, the stronger gravity’s effect on time. B. Because atomic clocks are less accurate when near Earth’s surface. C. Because Earth’s rotation affects gravity more intensely at lower altitudes. D. Because atmospheric pressure changes the speed of atomic oscillation. 64. The author mentions GPS satellites in paragraph 4 to ________. A. highlight the limitations of atomic clocks in space B. argue that GPS technology will be directly used for lunar missions C. illustrate that lunar timekeeping will be simpler than Earth’s GPS system D. provide an example of how space timekeeping challenges have been addressed 65. What challenge may scientists face when setting up a lunar network of clocks? A. The accuracy of placing clocks in lunar orbit. B. The difficulty of reaching agreement among all nations. C. The high cost of crystal oscillators compared to atomic clocks. D. The inability to communicate between lunar clocks and Earth. 66. What does the article suggest about lunar timekeeping? A. It is an ultimate goal shared by NASA and allied nations. B. It is a scientific pursuit with few practical applications. C. It will establish a lunar time zone different from Earth’s. D. It is an important step toward future space exploration. Section C Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Starting an adventure can bring immediate and significant happiness benefits. B. People can suffer when there are not enough external stimuli and new experiences. C. An adventure need not always be physical—mental challenges can offer similar rewards. D. There is no guarantee that whatever adventure you choose will turn out as you hope, of course. E. Research has provided evidence about why materially comfortable humans would be drawn to difficult, even dangerous tasks. F. But Melville perhaps knew something we have forgotten: when life is getting you down, the answer is not more comfort but less. Why You Might Need an Adventure In Moby-Dick, Herman Melville’s narrator offers a surprising way to lift spirits: when the “hypos” struck, he took to the sea and forgot his troubles. Since whaling was an exhausting and dangerous job, this advice might seem counter-intuitive in today’s era of self-care. 67 If you are troubled by your own case of the “hypos,” the cure may be a tough challenge. This idea has been confirmed by emerging research. A 2013 study found that experienced climbers tend to derive unusual spiritual inspiration and feel happier when climbing. A 2023 analysis of research on outdoor adventures showed that participants benefit in multiple ways, including personal growth and a sense of belonging. 68 Indeed, learning new things with a spirit of curiosity has been shown to boost mood. This raises an interesting paradox: people derive more happiness from high-skill activities that require learning than from low-skill ones, yet we typically settle for the latter because low-skill activities take less effort. Just as demanding physical and mental adventures boost happiness, their absence can harm well-being. 69 Those who often report better moods tend to have an “adventure-based mindset”—purposely seeking out new, interesting, and challenging experiences. If you find yourself feeling down, you do not necessarily need to risk your life chasing a whale. Choose a challenge that is worthwhile and hard. If your knowledge feels outdated, explore a new field. For a physical challenge, sign up for a marathon or set out to walk a long distance. 70 And that is the point. If it were safe, it would not be heroic; if it were predictable, it would not be an adventure. The object is not to win in a conventional way; it is to wake up and be fully alive. Ⅳ. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Rise of Urban Rooftop Gardens In cities around the world, rooftop gardens are transforming unused spaces into green oases. These gardens, located on top of office buildings, apartment complexes, and even parking structures, offer a range of environmental and social benefits. Studies have shown that rooftop gardens can reduce the “urban heat island” effect, where cities become significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. The plants absorb sunlight and release water vapor, cooling the air naturally. Some cities have reported temperature reductions of up to 3°C in neighborhoods with high rooftop garden density. Beyond temperature control, rooftop gardens help manage stormwater runoff. In traditional urban environments, heavy rains quickly flow off roofs and pavement, overwhelming drainage systems and causing floods. The soil and plants in rooftop gardens absorb rainwater, releasing it slowly and reducing flood risk. A study in Berlin found that well-designed rooftop gardens can retain up to 75% of annual rainfall. Cities like Singapore and Copenhagen have incorporated rooftop gardens into their official climate adaptation plans. Socially, rooftop gardens provide much-needed green space in densely populated areas. Community gardens on rooftops bring neighbors together, promote healthy eating through urban farming, and offer peaceful retreats from busy city life. Schools have also adopted rooftop gardens as outdoor classrooms, teaching children about biology and environmental science. However, challenges remain. Installation costs are high, and building structures must be evaluated to ensure they can support the additional weight. Despite these obstacles, the trend continues to grow, driven by both government incentives and grassroots movements. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 昨天袭击沿海地区的台风导致了大规模的停电，使数千户家庭陷入黑暗。(strike) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 72. 为了减少塑料污染，市政府决定对使用一次性塑料袋的顾客征收额外费用。(impose) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 73. 这家新开的咖啡馆因其独特的装修风格而享有盛誉，即使在竞争激烈的市场中也能吸引大量顾客。(reputation) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 74. 有人主张“成功不问手段”，但这种做法通常会适得其反，注定导致一个令人失望的结果。(justify) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris来信说，他所在的城市正在推广“社区共享工具库”项目（residents can borrow tools like drills, sewing machines, and gardening equipment from a shared library for free），但他觉得人们不太可能接受这个想法。请你写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 分析社区共享工具库可能带来的好处（至少两点）； 2. 提出鼓励居民参与的建议（至少一条）。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Section A 答案（语法填空） 21. itself 22. when / whenever / as soon as 23. was designed 24. helps 25. lies 26. having shipped 27. where 28. However 29. recorded 30. as Section B 答案（选词填空） 31. H 32. A 33. B 34. J 35. D 36. C 37. K 38. G 39. I 40. E 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. B 56. C 57. B 58. B 59. C 60. C 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. D 65. B 66. D 67. F 68. C 69. B 70. D Summary Writing (参考范文): Rooftop gardens provide environmental benefits like cooling cities and reducing flood risk by absorbing rainwater. They also offer social advantages, including community gathering spaces and outdoor classrooms. Despite high costs and structural challenges, the trend is growing due to government support and community interest. (42 words) Translation: 71. The typhoon that struck the coastal area yesterday caused widespread power cuts, leaving thousands of families in darkness. 72. To reduce plastic pollution, the city government has decided to impose an extra fee on customers who use disposable plastic bags. 73. The newly-opened café enjoys a great reputation for its unique decoration style, which allows it to stand out even in a highly competitive market. 74. Some people argue that “the end justifies the means,” but this approach usually backfires and is doomed to lead to a disappointing result. Guided Writing (参考范文): Dear Chris, Your idea of a community tool library sounds wonderful! I think it could work well if people understand its benefits. First, it saves money. Not everyone needs to own a drill or a sewing machine they use only twice a year. Borrowing from a shared library prevents unnecessary spending. Second, it reduces waste. Many tools end up collecting dust or being thrown away. Sharing means fewer products need to be manufactured, which is better for the environment. To encourage participation, I suggest starting with a small pilot program in one neighborhood. Hold a weekend event where residents can try borrowing tools for free and see how easy it is. Also, create a simple online booking system so people can check availability before visiting. Once a few families have positive experiences, word of mouth will spread. Why not share these ideas with your community organizers? I believe people will come around once they see the convenience and savings. Best wishes, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $