专题06-时态语态专题-备战2027年高考英语一轮语法冲刺宝典

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考时态语态核心考点，依据“时（现在/过去/将来/过去将来）”与“体（简单/进行/完成/完成进行）”的内在逻辑构建知识体系，系统梳理被动语态的构成及用法。通过课前检测诊断学情，课中分类讲解时态语态用法与时间标志词，结合真题训练与分层练习，帮助学生突破语法难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料创新采用表格对比法归纳时态构成，通过“时间标志词-用法-真题实例”联动策略培养学生思维品质，设置基础检测、巩固练习、拔高语篇填空三级训练提升学习能力。如完成进行体讲解中结合语境分析动作延续性，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

专题 06 时态语态专题--备战2027年高考英语一轮语法冲刺宝典 时态语态 本专题里，我们主要关注句子的谓语动词。英语谓语的核心是助动词(auxiliary)和实义动词，而对助动词与实义动词组合关系的探讨即是探讨时态问题。 动词除了能表达动作发生的时间，以及动作的状态外，还可以用来说明主语和谓语的关系，即主动和被动语态。 我们通常所说的时态( tense and aspect)。在英语中其实反映的是两个不同的概念，即tense(时)和aspect(态或体)。即与时间相联系的““时”，以及与动作的内在结构相关的“体”或“态”，这两方面组合在一起就构成了“时态”。 一、tense(时) 是用来规定事物发生的时间的。在英文中主要有四种不同的时间标识 1、现在时(present) 2、过去时(past) 3、将来时(future) 4、过去将来时(past future) 二、aspect(态) 是用来规定动作完成的程度，反映说话者对事物的态度的。在英文中，这种动作方面的规定有四种 1、简单体(simple，或者称为“零”体态) 2、进行体(continuous) 3、完成体(perfect) 4、完成进行体(perfect continuous) 英语的“态”是有关动作内在结构特点方面的属性。当我们谈到“时”的时候，我们关心的是这个动作发生的时间，即是在现在，过去还是将来发生的。当我们谈到“态”的时候，我们关心的则是这个动作是固定不变的、还是动态变化的，这个动作是完成了的、还是在延续的，这个动作持续的时间是很短、还是很长等等。 【课前检测】（5mins) 单句语法填空： 1.In the last few years, China __________(make) great achievements in environmental protection. 2.So far,I __________( organize)several English activities of my class successfully, which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates. 3. China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope________(remain)the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years. 4.He_____( have) dinner with his friends at eight o'clock yesterday afternoon. 5.Tea from China, along with her silk and porcelain(瓷器)，began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and since then it_______( be ) an important Chinese export. 6.Albert was a skilled artist with a wife and two fine sons. One night,his older son______ ( develop)a severe stomachache. 7.It________( become)separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC. 8.The museum____ ( be) a hit since it opened at the end of October. 9.One day, I _________ ( walk ) from class across campus to catch my bus when an old man came down the sidewalk toward me. 10.It is the third time so far that such a festival_________(hold) in my hometown. 11.It is time that we________ (take) measures to stop pollution. 12.Hardly had I arrived when she__________ (start) complaining. 课中讲解 一，时态 1.时态的定义 时态是表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式表示。英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式，不同的时态用来表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为。动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。 2，时态分类 分类标准按状态分:一般状态，进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态 (1)一般状态 1)一般现在时 构成: be:am /is/are 动词: do/does 用法: ①.表示现在的状态。 例如:I'm twelve.我十二岁。 ②.表示经常或者习惯性的动作。 例如:I have lunch at school every day.我每天在学校吃午饭。 ③.表示客观事实或者存在。 例如:My sister is a teacher.我姐姐是一位老师。 The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 ④.表示主语所具备的性格和能力。 例如:She likes English very much. 她很喜欢英语。 注意: 一般现在时态经常与often(经常)，sometimes(有时)，always(总是)，usually(通常)等副词连用，也经常与every day(每天)，every week(每周)，every month (每月)，every term(每学期)，every year(每年)，once a week(一周一次)，twice a year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。频度副词要放在谓语动词之前助动词之后。 例如:She doesn't often get up early.她不是经常早起。 2)一般过去时 构成:did/was/were 用法: ①一般过去时只是对过去事实的单纯描述，与现在无关。通常与以下时间状语连用 一般过去时常见的标志词有： 　　1. yesterday, the day before yesterday. 　　2. last week / year / month / term …(简称last系列) 　　3. two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(简称ago系列) 　　4. in / on + 过去的年/月/日，如 in 1999, on April 1st, 2005 　　5. just now, once upon a time, one day… 如: He swam in the river and had a good time. 他在小河里游泳并且玩得很开心。 They left the farm a moment ago. ②一般过去时表示过去重复发生的动作。如: I used to smoke. My father often took me to Beijing when I was a child. ☆口诀总结: 短暂性 延续性 重复性 3)一般将来时 构成 1:will/shall do 表示：动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来某个时间内发生;shall只用于第一人称。 如 I shall/will go to the cinema tomorrow morning. 常用时间状语: tonight, the day after tomorrow, this afternoon, next week/year, tomorrow afternoon/evening,in two days/weeks/years, 构成 2: be(am/is/are)+ going +to do如: It is going to rain I am going to have a meeting 构成3: be( am/is/are)+to do 表示：按计划安排要发生的动作,这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远;要求或命令他人做某事. You are to make the necessary changes. The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 4) 过去将来时:表示从过去某个时间看来，将要发生的动作。 常用时间状语:the next day/morning/week/year.. 构成1: would do 表示过去将要做某事。如: He said he would go to Shanghai the next day. 构成2:was/were going to do 表示过去按计划将要发生的动作。如: --Tom, you didn't come to the party last night. -- I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 构成 3: was/were to do 表示过去按计划将要发生的动作。如: I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. (2) 进行状态 1）现在进行时 （一）：概念表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 （二）基本结构：am/is/are+doing （三）时间状语：now, at this time, these days...at present Eg: I am watching TV now. She is watering the flowers. 2）过去进行时 过去进行时用法: 1. 表示过去某个时刻正在做的事 We were having supper when the phone rang. 2. 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。 　　Tom was getting up at six o’clock every day that week. 3. 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。 John was always coming to school late.　 Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 4. 用来描写故事发生的情景时。 　　It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. 5.when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。 　　I was taking a walk when I met him.　 　　We were playing outside when it began to rain.　 6. go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。 　　I was leaving for Washington that day.　 She was coming later. 7. 用过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。 　　I was wondering if you could give me a lift.　 　　We were hoping you would stay with us.　 8. 动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。比较： 　　He was friendly.　 (指过去长期如此) He was being friendly.　 (指当时一时的表现) 基本结构：was/were+doing 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语 3)将来进行时 构成: ①shall+be+doing用于第一人称单数I和We ②will+be+ doing用于各种人称 用法: 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。如: The Prime minister will be giving a speech on international affairs. I shall be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 【过关检测】(8mins) 单句语法填空 1They ___( live) in the same building, don't they? 2. I promise I ___________( support) you all the time. 3. The plane ___________( take) off at 8:00 a.m. 4. I hoped I _________( find) a job soon. 5. Sorry, you can't use my computer. I________( use ) it now. 6. I___________( watch) TV when you rang me up. 7. At this time tomorrow, I ___________( sit) at the table. 写作改错 1. He said that he will see you off at the airport the next day. 2. When he will come back， I’ll let you know. 3. He said that he has had the bike for two years. 4. I work on a farm in North China in the 1970s. 5. A new bridge was being built in our city at present. 6. I finished my homework before I left school. 7. I feel regretful now that I don’t study hard when I was in my high school. 8. If I am you, I would do it. 9. She buys a bike yesterday. 10. I come here in two days. （3）完成状态 1)现在完成时 构成 have/has done 用法: ①过去发生的动作对现在产生影晌(动作结束)。如: I have decided not to go to the East Lake any more, ②至今的动作或状态(指用于延续意义的单词，常与 for/since连用).如: I have studied English for more than 10 years. 特殊句型: It/This/ That is the first(second,third)time that.(+现在完成时)，如: It is the first time that I haye visited the East Lake. 附时间标志词：already, yet ,so far ,up to now, up till now, by now, recently. lately, never, ever,(ever)since,for+一段时间，in/during/over the past/ last few years 2)过去完成时 构成: had done用法:表示的是过去的过去。如: He had been ill for a week before he was sent to the hospital. I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came here. 特殊句型: ①It/ This/That was the first (second, third)time that. +had done . lt was the first time that I' d seen the teacher face to face. ②No sooner+过去完成时+than+ 一般过去时 ③Hardly/Scarcely+过去完成时 +when+ 一般过去时 "一......就......" No sooner had I arrived at the airport than I called him. Hardly had I arrived at the airport when I called him. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。  They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 　We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 时间标志 ①by+过去的时间 by nine o'clock last night. ② by the end of+ 过去的时间 by the end of last term. ③before+ 过去的时间 before last week 3) 将来完成时构成:will have done用法:表示将来的某一时间之前完成的动作 By the time you are back this evening, I will have done all the work. 时间标志:by+将来时间 【过关检测】 1.Happy birthday!By this time of next year, you________( turn)18. 2.I_________( think) you would come the next day, but you didn't. 3.This is the first time that he________( pass) the exam. 4. Hardly_________(have) we started when the car got a flat tyre. 5.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she_______(see) most of the guests before. 6.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut__________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (4)完成进行状态 1)现在完成进行时 构成 have/has been doing~ 用法:表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，中间没有间断，翻译为“一直”。如: He has been doing this in order to repay the boy's kindness. 2)过去完成进行时构成: had been doing 用法:表示动作从过去某一时间之前开始，到过去的某一时间仍然在进行或刚刚结束: 【过关检测】 单句填空 1 The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody__________( see) them since. 2.I'm calling for the apartment you _________( advertise ) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 3. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_________( increase) sharply. 二．语态 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。 知识1被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。助动词be与主语的人称、数保持一致,并有时态的变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表(以give 为例): 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般体 am/is/ are given was/were given shall/will be given should/would be given 进行体 am/is /are being given was/were being given \ \ 完成体 has/have been given had been given shall/will have been given should/would have been given ①A new railway is being built in this city.这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。(现在进行时的被动语态) ②The railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。(过去完成时的被动语态) ③He told us that a new railway would be built next year. 他告诉，我们下一年将修建一条新铁路。(宾语从句用的是过去将来时的被动语态) 知识2不能使用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词(短语)不用于被动语态,如happen,occur, take place, run out, break out 等。 ①Fire broke out in the forest. 森林里突然发生了火灾。 ②When exactly did the incident occur/happen?这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的? 2.一些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有以下几类: (1)表示状态的动词(短语)，如contain, fit, lack, benefit. cost , join , mean , last , look like, consist of 等。 He looks like his father. 他看起来像他父亲。 The rain lasted three days.雨持续了三天。 (2)表示归属的动词(短语),如 have, belong to 等。 The blue car belongs to me. 那辆蓝色的汽车属于我。 (3)其他一些常见的及物动词(短语)，如 wish, take part in, date back to, agree with, suffer from, succeed in 等。 The custom dates back to the Tang Dynasty.这一习俗可以追溯到唐朝时期。 特别提醒 英语里大量句式用的是主动语态，因此大家很容易习惯主动语态，而忽略被动语态。另一方面，受汉语的影响，有些考生可能在写作中将英语中的许多不及物动{短语}用于被动语态。 [基础检测]： 1.单句填空 1．Because the flight was delayed, I (wait) for two hours for my grandparents at the arrival hall yesterday. 2．He said that he (abandon) his plan the week before. 3．The system (undergo) updates for the past three months. 4．After the winner was announced, all the audience (clap) their hands and cheered for him. 5．The young athlete (shoot) three goals in the match yesterday. 6．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. 7．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. 8．Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. 9．The Chinese solar calendar (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. 10．Each attempt brings small improvements and each failure (teach) you different strategies. 11．The house (paint) at the moment. 12．It is reported that the project conducted by his research team (complete) next month. 13．The round table (associate) with tuanyuan, meaning reunion and completeness, especially during festivals such as the Mid-Autumn Festival. 14．The area (declare) a national park for environmental protection last year. 15．For Mollie, comics (consider) a beautiful art form, encouraging people to read for pleasure. 16．And the efforts that (make) to maintain these relationships sometimes seem overwhelming. 17．Although the problem (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased. 18．When I left the U.S. for Beijing in late 2008, my wallet (pack) with cash and credit cards. 19．I wasn’t a believer in this theory until 2013, when I (fire) and had a tough job search. 20．Mobile phones (use) by more and more people nowadays. 巩固练习： I单句语法填空： 1． The space agency also (announce) plans for two manned spaceflights this year. 2． By then, I (find) my dream job already. 3． After professional testing, the service (operate) on ten routes between five stations, mainly in East China. 4．AI companionship (have) emerged as a growing trend, with companies racing to develop various products. 5．The term “Wen Fang” (refer) to a reading room or a study where intellectuals could enjoy a peaceful moment alone. 6．Here (be) some ways for you to fight against anger. 7．Over the past decade, campaigners, supported by environmental studies, (encourage) us to buy local foods. 8．The “burnt toast theory” (mean) that bad things happen for a reason. 9．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should (take) to restore the river's original beauty. 10．People’s lives (change) by online communities and social networks since the Internet began. 11．The plan should (adjust) to satisfy the customer. 12．Watching those Tibetan antelopes move slowly across the green grass, I am (strike) by their beauty. 13．Some old furniture (abandon) when they moved to their new house. 14．He (equip) with rich experience and a calm mind, which helped him overcome various difficulties. 15．A large sum of money (raise) to the charity since it was set up last December. II、完成句子 1．Christopher Reeve will ________ (被认为是一个超级英雄) forever — in more ways than one. 2．After the flood, a new organization was ________ ________ (建立，设立) to address the consequent problems. 3．Handwritten letters have largely ________ (被邮件所取代). 4．The exam ________ ________ (结果是) much easier than we had expected. 5．Life ________ ________ ________ ________ (由……组成) small but beautiful moments. 6．Talking of Qu Yuan, the first thing that ________ ________ ________ (突然记起；浮现在脑海里) is the Dragon Boat Festival. 7．In that quiet moment, ____________________ (她突然明白) honesty is not about what you gain, but about who you become. 8．We are now camped on the ice and we ________ ________ ________ ________ (成功/设法……) survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. 9．The company focuses on innovation, and it ________ ________ ________ (利用) new technology to reduce costs. 10．If you ________ (被困在) a crowd, stay calm and move slowly toward an exit. 11．Because I _________ (鼓舞；激励) by his kindness recently, I think I should take action to help more people as well. 12．With some flowers, the dull office can ________ (恢复生气). 13．I ________ ________ (感到高兴) when I stay with you. 14．She ________ ________ ________ (积极参与) class activities. 15．I will ________ you ________ (帮助……摆脱困境) if you are in need. 拔高练习： A专项语篇型填空(动词的时态、语态) There1_______(be)a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days, which _ 2 _ ( close ) this coming Sunday. Having got two tickets for it,3_____(consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me. I know that he _4_____( finish) his paper by Sunday and can afford the time. He once_5_____ (tell) me that he liked modern art, so I think he will be interested in this exhibition. Just this morning, when I entered my office, my colleagues6______(talk)about it, and some of them said they 7_______ ( go) to see it already. The exhibition8________(hold) in ten more big cities in America after it goes to San Francisco next week. I’ve just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me , saying that he _ 9 _(look) forward to going to an exhibition for months. I will call for him this Sunday. rl go home for lunch now. as .10______( starve) B语法填空 Anna had a car accident when she was a teenager. She lost her arms because of that. What’s worse, when she was twenty years old, she lost her parents. Her elder sister, 1 is ten years older than  her, told her she’d take care of her. However, Anna refused 2 (live) with her. Instead, she said she would take care of   3 (she). She managed to enter college and 4 (study) very hard. Four 5 (year) later, she graduated and was offered work. Once she wrote in her diary, “I am quite lucky. 6 I lost my arms, I still have my legs.” Anna lost her arms, but she chose to face it in a positive way. Instead of 7 (feel) sad every day, she decided not to let it hold her back. She has taught us 8 good lesson. When something bad happens to us, we have two 9 (choose). One is to complain, and the other is to face it   10 (brave). If we choose to escape, it will always follow us wherever we go. If we decided to be strong, new hopes will come. So choose wisely. C语法填空 One evening 18,000 BC, Lala turned for home with her collections of nuts and fruits. A feast was waiting for her, 1 was a family reunion after a long 2 （ separate）. How excited she was to meet his husband, Dahu, again!  Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her steps 3 （ fear） there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had almost reached her destination 4 a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. The smell of meat filled the air and her senses became dizzy 5 _____ hunger. She saw the great dinner was well 6 （ prepare）  . The family were doing their own duties and Dahu, with 7 （ strong ） pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones, 8 （ sharpen ） his tools. The first guests 9 （ arrive） for dinner were all from the neighbouring caves. Lala's  spirits 10 （ rise）. She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours. D语法填空 It's only been one month since Dean LaBarba 1 （graduate） from medical school-but he wasn't expecting to have started his life-saving career so soon. Last month, LaBarba was 2 a 12-hour flight from Zurich to Los Angeles with his wife when a female passenger 3 （sit） close to them said that she didn't feel well . Before she could get up 4 （use） the restroom,she fell down .LaBarba 5 （immediate） rushed to the woman's side, only to find that she didn't have a pulse （脉 搏）.With the help of another passenger,he had the woman lie across a row of 6 (seat） so he could begin pushing her chest. After six pushes. 7 started to wake up. LaBarba ,his wife,and the passenger 8 （(move） to first class,where the newly-graduated doctor monitored her health. The passenger expressed her extreme gratitude toward LaBarba 9 happened to be the only doctor on board the 300-person flight that day. He said that   10   experience confirmed his "calling and desire to help people". 参考答案 [基础检测] 1．waited 【详解】句意：由于航班延误，昨天我在到达大厅等祖父母等了两个小时。此处为谓语动词，结合时间状语“yesterday”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用wait的过去式waited。 2．had abandoned 【详解】句意：他说他一周前就已经放弃了他的计划。主句谓语动词为一般过去时said，宾语从句中动作发生在主句动作之前，即过去的过去，此处应用过去完成时had abandoned。 3．has been undergoing/has undergone 【详解】句意：这个系统本身在过去三个月里已经经历了多次更新/这套系统在过去三个月里一直在进行更新。结合时间状语for the past three months可知，句子可用现在完成时have/has done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；也可用现在完成进行时have/has been doing，强调动作从过去持续到现在，且可能继续下去。主语the system为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 4．clapped 【详解】句意：获胜者宣布后，所有观众都为他鼓掌欢呼。设空处和cheered为并列谓语，时态保持一致，应用一般过去时，clap的过去式clapped。 5．shot 【详解】句意：那位年轻运动员在昨天的比赛中射进了三个球。空处作句子的谓语，根据“yesterday”可知，时态应用一般过去时，shoot“投球，射门”和主语The young athlete之间是主动关系，应用主动语态，因此用shoot的过去式shot。 6．knows 【详解】句意：学生和老师都不知道这道题的答案。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，neither...nor...连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，the teacher为第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式knows。 7．is 【详解】句意：人们对对话开头或结尾那句话的记忆效果，比对整段对话的记忆效果更好。句子陈述客观真理，用一般现在时，or连接并列主语，遵循就近原则，last phrase为第三人称单数，be用is。 8．focuses 【详解】句意：慢跑捡垃圾运动是慢跑和捡垃圾的结合，它既关注环境保护，也关注个人健康；句子主语为Plogging，是单数名词，句子描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，因此谓语动词focus需使用第三人称单数形式focuses。 9．divides 【详解】句意：中国阳历把一年划分为二十四节气。句子陈述客观真理用一般现在时，主语calendar是第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式divides。 10．teaches 【详解】句意：每一次尝试都会带来些许进步，每一次失败都会教会你不同的处事方法。根据brings可知，使用一般现在时，主语为each failure，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式teaches。 11．is being painted 【详解】句意：此刻这栋房子正在被粉刷。此处为谓语动词，at the moment表此刻，用现在进行时，主语house和paint是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is being painted。 12．will be completed 【详解】句意：据报道，他的研究团队开展的这项项目将于下月完工。此处为谓语动词，主语project与complete为被动关系，结合时间状语“next month”可知，此处用一般将来时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为will be completed。 13．is associated 【详解】句意：圆桌与团圆联系在一起，寓意相聚圆满完整，尤其在中秋节等节日期间。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The round table与associate构成被动关系，所以此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is associated。 14．was declared 【详解】句意：为了环境保护，该地区去年被划定为国家公园。主语area和declare“宣布”为被动关系，根据时间状语last year可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was。 15．are considered 【详解】句意：对莫莉来说，漫画被视为一种优美的艺术形式，鼓励人们为了乐趣而阅读。句子主语comics与动词consider之间是被动关系，且句子描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时；主语comics为复数，因此用一般现在时的被动语态are considered。 16．are made 【详解】句意：并且，为维系这些关系所付出的努力有时似乎让人难以承受。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，结合下文seem可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语that指代efforts，为复数意义，且与make是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，助动词为are。 17．has been resolved 【详解】句意：虽然这个问题到目前为止已经被解决了，但它确实凸显了野生动物自然栖息地正在减少这一事实。空处为从句的谓语动词，时间状语by now提示句子用现在完成时，单数主语problem和resolve之间为被动关系，因此谓语用has been resolved。 18．was packed 【详解】句意：2008 年末我离开美国前往北京时，我的钱包里装满了现金和信用卡。空处为主句谓语动词，wallet和pack为被动关系，且句子陈述2008年的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用was。 19．was fired 【详解】句意：我原本并不相信这个理论，直到2013年我被解雇，求职之路变得异常艰难。空处为从句谓语动词，主语I和fire是被动关系，且句子陈述2013年发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，助动词用was。 20．are being used/are used 【详解】句意：如今越来越多的人正在使用手机。主语Mobile phones和动词use是被动关系，要用被动语态；时间标志词nowadays表示“如今”，可用一般现在时的被动语态are used，用来描述普遍现状；也可强调现阶段正在发生，用现在进行时的被动语态are being used。 巩固练习： I单句语法填空： 1．announced 【详解】句意：该航天局还宣布了今年两次载人航天飞行的计划。句子描述的是已经发生的事件，因此用一般过去时，动词announce的过去式为announced。 2．had found 【详解】句意：到那时，我已经找到了自己理想的工作。根据by then可知，句子陈述的动作发生在过去之前，应用过去完成时had found。 3．will operate/is going to operate 【详解】句意：经过专业测试后，这项服务将在五个站点之间的十条线路上运营，主要覆盖华东地区。结合语境和“After professional testing”可知，此处描述未来发生的动作，应用一般将来时will do/be going to do，主语service是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 4．has 【详解】句意：人工智能陪伴已然成为一种日益增长的趋势，各大公司竞相研发各类相关产品。 主语AI companionship不可数，本句是现在完成时，助动词用第三人称单数has。 5．refers 【详解】句意：“文房”一词指的是文人可以独自享受宁静时光的书房。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语The term是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 6．are 【详解】句意：这里有一些帮你对抗愤怒的方法。此处为谓语动词，结合句意，此处描述的是客观事实，使用一般现在时，该句为here be倒装句型，后面主语some ways为复数名词，be动词对应使用are。 7．have encouraged 【详解】句意：在过去十年里，环保研究支持下的活动倡导者一直鼓励我们购买本地食品。时间状语over the past decade提示本句应用现在完成时，主语campaigners是复数，助动词用have。 8．means 【详解】句意：“烤焦面包理论”意味着坏事的发生皆有缘由。 主语The “burnt toast theory” 是单数名词短语，句子表述客观真理，用一般现在时，谓语动词mean用第三人称单数形式。 9．be taken 【详解】句意：当地官员担忧污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应当采取紧急措施恢复河流原本的美景。此处should后接动词原形，steps与take之间是被动关系，需用情态动词的被动语态should be taken。 10．have been changed 【详解】句意：自从互联网出现以来，人们的生活已经被网络社区和社交网络改变了。 since从句是现在完成时标志； 主语People’s lives和change是被动关系，所以用现在完成时被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。 11．be adjusted 【详解】句意：这项计划应当做出调整以满足客户需求。情态动词should后接动词原形，plan与adjust之间为被动关系，需用情态动词被动结构should be done，所以此处为be adjusted。 12．struck 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：看着那些藏羚羊在绿色的草地上缓缓移动，我被它们的美丽所震撼。strike与主语I为被动关系，用动词strike的过去分词struck，与am构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填struck。 13．was abandoned 【详解】句意：当他们搬到新家时，一些旧家具被丢弃了。根据“when they moved to their new house”可知，句子使用一般过去时，且主语furniture和abandon构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语furniture为不可数名词，be动词用was，谓语用was abandoned。 14． was equipped 【详解】句意：他具备丰富的经验和冷静的头脑，这帮助他克服了各种困难。固定搭配be equipped with，表示“配备有；具备”；由后文helped可知，句子使用一般过去时表示过去的情况，主语He为单数，be动词应用was。 15．has been raised 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：自去年 12 月成立以来，已为慈善机构筹集了一大笔资金。根据时间状语since it was set up可知主句用现在完成时，money与raise为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，且a large sum of money作主语，助动词用has。故填has been raised。 II.完成句子 1．be regarded as a superhero/be regarded to be a superhero 【详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。句意：克里斯托弗·里夫将永远被视为一个超级英雄——在多个方面都是如此。“被认为是……”使用固定短语be regarded as/to be，“一个超级英雄”a superhero；will后接动词原形形式，构成一般将来时的被动语态。 2． set up 【详解】句意：洪水过后，成立了一个新组织来处理随之而来的问题。结合所给空数可知，“建立，设立”应用动词短语set up，set up和主语a new organization之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此用set的过去分词形式set。 3．been replaced with emails/been replaced by emails 【详解】句意：手写书信在很大程度上已经被电子邮件所取代。根据汉语提示“被……所取代”可知，此处为动词短语be replaced with/by，表示“邮件”应用emails，已有助动词have，空处需填been replaced with/by构成现在完成时的被动语态。 4． turned out 【详解】句意：这次考试结果比我们预期的要容易得多。根据汉语提示“结果是”可知，本空用动词短语 turn out。主句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。谓语用过去式。 5． is made up of 【详解】句意：生活由小而美的瞬间组成。“由……组成”用动词短语be made up of，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语life不可数，be用is。 6． comes to mind 【详解】句意：说到屈原，首先浮现在脑海里的就是端午节。根据汉语提示可知，“突然记起；浮现在脑海里”为come to mind，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，定语从句修饰先行词the first thing，从句谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式comes。 7．it suddenly struck her that 【详解】句意：在那个安静的时刻，她突然明白，诚实不在于你得到什么，而在于你成为什么样的人。此处使用固定句型it suddenly struck/occurred to sb. that…，表示“某人突然想到 / 明白……”，it 作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。 8． have been managing to 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：我们现在在冰上扎营，一直设法存活下来，可春天将至，冰层很快就要融化了。根据汉语提示“成功/设法……”为manage to do sth.，结合句意可知，此处表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成进行时，主语为第一人称，所以谓语动词为have been managing to。故填①have；②been；③managing；④to。 9． makes use of 【详解】句意：这家公司注重创新，并利用新技术降低成本。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语make use of“利用”，满足句意要求，主语it是第三人称单数，前半句为一般现在时，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。 10．are trapped in 【详解】句意：如果你被困在人群中，保持冷静，慢慢向出口移动。根据汉语提示“被困在”可知，空处应用动词短语trap in；if引导的条件状语从句中，主句为祈使句，从句应用一般现在时表将来，且主语you与trap之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are，trap用过去分词trapped。 11．have been inspired 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：因为最近我深受他的善良所鼓舞，所以我觉得我也应该采取行动去帮助更多的人。“鼓舞；激励”是inspire，由by可知，句子用被动语态，由recently可知，时态是现在完成时，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是I，空格处是have been inspired。故填have been inspired。 12．be brought back to life 【详解】考查固定短语及动词语态。句意：有了这些花，沉闷的办公室就能恢复生气。“恢复生气”用bring... back to life，主语the dull office与bring之间是被动关系，用be brought表被动，与情态动词can构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填be brought back to life。 138． feel happy 【详解】句意：当我和你待在一起时，我感到高兴。feel 为系动词，后接形容词 happy 作表语；句子时态为一般现在时，主语为 I，动词用原形。 14． is active in 【详解】句意：她积极参与班级活动。“积极参与”用动词短语be active in，描述习惯性行为，用一般现在时态，主语She是第三人称单数，谓语动词be用第三人称单数形式is。 15． help out 【详解】句意：如果你有需要，我会帮你摆脱困境。根据汉语提示可知动词短语help...out，助动词will后用动词原形。 拔高练习： B语法填空 1．who 2．to live 3．herself 4．studied 5．years 6．Although 7．feeling 8．a 9．choices 10．bravely 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。安娜十几岁的时候由于车祸失去了胳膊，二十岁的时候失去了父母。她的姐姐要照顾她，她拒绝了，通过自己的努力进入了大学和找到了工作。通过安娜的故事，作者告诉我们 当我们遇到不好的事情时，我们要选择勇敢。 1．考查定语从从句的关系词。分析可知空格处引导定语从句，先行词为her elder sister指人，在定语从句中做主语，故用who引导这个定语从句。故填who。 2．考查不定式。refuse to do为固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，空格处要用不定式。故填to live。 3．考查反身代词。句意：相反，她说她会照顾她自己。根据句意，这里要表达的是照顾“她自己”，故填反身代词herself。 4．考查时态。安娜学习努力这件事发生在过去，所以这里要用一般过去时，故填studied。 5．考查名词单复数。year为可数名词，且由four修饰，所以这里要用其复数形式，故填years。 6．考查连词。句意：尽管我失去了双臂，我还有双腿。I lost my arms和I still have my legs是两个完整的句子，要用一个连词这两个句子，根据句意可知前后为转折关系，所以用although，故填 Although。 7．考查动名词。Instead of为介词短语，后要接动词的动名词形式，故填feeling。 8．考查冠词。lesson为可数名词，且原文没有用复数形式，所以要用冠词修饰。这里要表达的是“一堂好课”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a,故填a。 9．考查名词单复数。句意：当发生不好的事情时，我们有两个选择。空格处做have的宾语，结合句意这里应该用所给词的名词choice, choice为可数名词且由two修饰，要用其复数形式 ，故填choices。 10．考查副词。空格处修饰动词face，要用副词修饰动词，故填bravely。 C语法填空 1．which 2．separation 3．fearing 4．when 5．with 6．prepared 7．strongly 8．was sharpening 9．to arrive 10．rose 【分析】本文属于故事，讲述原始人的生活场景。 1．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，was a family reunion after a long 　　2　　（ separate）为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the feast，从句缺乏主语，故用关系代词which。 2．考查名词。形容词long修饰名词，故用separation。 3．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，fear作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语Lala为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式fearing。 4．考查时间状语从句。本句为结构had done sth when刚做完某事突然，故用when。 5．考查介词。分析句子可知，名词hunger作介词的宾语，故用with hunger 饥饿地，故用with。 6．考查被动语态。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，prepare与主语dinner为动宾关系，故用被动语态，故用过去分词形式prepared。 7．考查副词。修饰形容词pronounced用副词，故用strongly。 8．考查过去进行时。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，sharpen与主语为主谓关系，由于and并列，表示两个动作同时进行，前一句为进行时，则本句也应用进行时，故用was sharpening。 9．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，guests由序数词修饰，后置定语用不定式，故用to arrive。 10．考查一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，rise与主语spirits为主谓关系，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时rose。 D语法填空 1．graduated 2．on 3．sitting 4．to use 5．immediately 6．seats 7．she 8．were moved 9．who 10．the/this 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个感人的故事。LaBarba刚从一学校毕业不到一个月，就在一次乘坐飞机的旅途中拯救了一名女乘客的性命。 1．考查一般过去时。句意：自从Dean LaBarba从医学校毕业到现在只有一个月的时间。此处为since引导的时间状语从句，从句中需要用一般过去时，故填graduated。 2．考查介词。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶,这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。be on a flight to飞往。故填on。 3．考查现在分词作定语。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶,这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。a female passenger与sit构成主谓关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填sitting。 4．考查不定式作目的状语。句意：她还没来得及起来去厕所，就摔倒了。根据句意可知此处去使用厕所是站起来的目的。故填to use。 5．考查副词。句意：LaBarba立刻冲向那位女士旁边，结果发现她已经没有脉搏。此处为副词immediately修饰动词rushed。故填immediately。 6．考查名词单复数。句意：在另一为乘客的帮助之下，他让那位女士躺在一排座椅上。此处seat为可数名词，且前面由a row of修饰。故填seats。 7．考查代词。句意：在按压胸部六次之后，那位女士醒过来了。此处应用代词she代指the woman。故填she。 8．考查被动语态。句意：LaBarba，他的妻子和那位女乘客被转移到了头等舱。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态，结合时态可知，应填were moved。 9．考查定语从句。句意：那位女乘客向LaBarba表达了感激之情，LaBarba碰巧是飞机上唯一一名医生。此处为who引导的定语从句修试先行词LaBarba，且在从句中做主语。故填who。 10．考查冠词/指示代词。句意：这次经历使他坚信了帮助别人的渴望。此处应使用定冠词the(或指示代词this)强调特指。故填the/this。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $