Unit 8 Section A(4a-4d)课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时核心语法，涵盖for/since用法及延续性与非延续性动词转换。以歌曲《See You Again》歌词导入，结合志愿者对话示例搭建学习支架，从真实语境自然过渡到语法规则梳理。 其亮点在于融合流行文化与生活情境，通过歌词赏析、对话分析及表格对比（时间点/时间段、延续性/非延续性动词），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。任务链设计层层递进，从填空练习到小组采访，助力学生在实践中掌握语法，教师可借此高效落实教学目标，提升课堂互动性与学生学习兴趣。

Unit 8 Making a Difference Section A Gramar Focus 4a—4d Learning Objectives In this lesson you will: 1. review the basic structure and usage of the present perfect tense. 2. master the differences between for and since in present perfect tense. 3. understand the use of durative verbs with for/since, and learn to convert non-durative verbs to durative ones. Review and fill Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this _________ organization? Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since ________. Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer _____________? Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for _________. football last year at the museum two weeks Interviewer: Have you been a volunteer with the ______________ organization for long? Volunteer 3: Yes, for about ___________. Ella: Hi, Teng Fei. What are your plans for the summer holidays? Teng Fei: I think I’ll do some volunteer work at a _____________ with my youth group. I’ve been a volunteer there since ________. beach clean-up seven years nursing home last year Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this football organization? Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since last year. Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer at the museum? Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for two weeks. Interviewer: Have you been a volunteer with the beach clean-up organization for long? Volunteer 3: Yes, for about seven years. Ella: Hi, Teng Fei. What are your plans for the summer holidays? Teng Fei: I think I’ll do some volunteer work at a nursing home with my youth group. I’ve been a volunteer there since last year. 现在完成时表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。 常和“since” 或 “for” 连用。 4a Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. for + 时间段 since + 时间点 Grammar Rules 现在完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for/since或how long连用。此时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词。 e.g. They have worked in this company for 30 years. He has been in the army since 2016. How long have you been friends? Structure 1: “Have / Has ...” questions 4a: General questions ① Have you ever been to our animal shelter before? ② No, I haven’t. ③ Has she ever done volunteer work? ④ Yes, she has. Used to ask about experience. 3a: Connection ① Can I join your group of volunteers? ② I’ve been a volunteer there since 　 last year. Expressing desire & stating experience. Pattern: Have / Has + subject + past participle ...? 　　　 Yes, subject + have / has. / No, subject + haven’t / hasn’t. Usage: To ask if someone has had a certain experience (e.g. volunteering). 9 Structure 2: “How long ...” questions 4a: Basic sentences ⑤ How long have you been a volunteer? ⑦ How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? Grammar structure & usage Structure: How long + have / has + subject + past participle ...? Usage: Used to ask about the duration of an action (e.g. volunteer service). 3a: Connection Q: How long has Teng Fei been a volunteer there? A: He has been a volunteer there since last year. 10 for & since用法 for后接时间段，表示动作从过去持续到现在的“时长”。 例如：for 3 days、for 2 hours、for 5 years、for a long time、for a while、for several weeks等。 e.g. We have waited for two hours. He has owned this car for a decade. since后接时间点，表示动作“从过去某一时间点开始”并持续到现在。 例如：since 2015(自2015年起)、since 9 o'clock (自9点起)、since he came here(自从他来这儿起)、since last summer(自从去年夏天起)、since childhood(自童年起)、since then(从那以后) e.g. They have worked in this company since two years ago. I have known her since we were in primary school. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。 for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。 如何区分时间段和时间点呢？ We use for / since to talk about how long we’ve done volunteer work to make a difference. Structure 3: for vs since 4a: Basic sentences ⑥ I have been a volunteer here for a few months. ⑧ He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. for + ___________ since + ___________ a period of time a point in time the past since a point in time now for a period of time 13 试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！ 5:30 five years three minutes 2015 May 5 two months 时间点 时间点 时间段 时间点 时间段 时间段 时间点指的是具体的时间，比如1点、4月7日、2026年12月； 时间段指的是一段时间内，比如说三点到四点，中间这一个小时就是一段时间。 Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 观察句中动词，你能发现什么？ 这些动词都是延续性动词。 延续性动词与非延续性动词  延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延 续下去或产生持久影响，如learn, work, live, know, walk等。 非延续性动词也叫终止性动词、瞬间动词等，表示 不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后即刻停止，如 open, close, die, begin, come, go, borrow等。 延续性动词可以在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状 语连用，如“for+一段时间”“since+过去的时间点” “since 引导的时间状语从句（一般过去时）”或 “since +一段时间+ago”等。 用 法 ◆ My sister has kept these postcards since she was five. 我妹妹从五岁起就留着这些明信片了。 He has joined the communist youth League for two years. He has been a member of the communist youth League for two years. （ ） （ ） 第一课时 1a-2d 他加入共青团两年了。 I have bought this watch for two years. I have had this watch for two years. （ ） （ ） 第一课时 1a-2d 这块手表我买了两年了。 非延续性动词（短语）与延续性动词（短语）的转换 ①直接转换成对应的延续性动词（短语）。 buy → have borrow → keep put on → wear become → be catch a cold → have a cold ◆ 一个星期前他成了动物收容所的一名志愿者。 He became a volunteer at an animal shelter a week ago. He has been a volunteer at an animal shelter for a week. ◆林先生到澳大利亚已经十天了。 Mr Lin arrived in Australia ten days ago. Mr Lin has been in Australia for ten days. 非延续性动词可以转换为延续性动词。 非延续性动词 对应的延续性表达 例句 begin/start have/has been on The film has been on for 20 minutes. finish/stop have/has been over The parade has been over for 2 hours. come/go/arrive have/has been in/at Kitty has been in HK for two days. leave have/has been away She has been away from home since Tuseday. borrow have/has kept She has kept this book since last book. join have/has been in have/has been a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year. marry have/has been married They have been married for 15 years. die have/has been dead The fish has been dead for some time. Summary & Application Present perfect tense is used to talk about past experiences connected to the present (e.g. volunteer work). Asking about experiences: Use “Have / Has + ...?” to ask about someone’s past experiences. Duration: Use “How long + ...?” with for / since to talk about how long an action has been happening. Task: Talk about one way you or someone you know makes a difference. Use the present perfect tense with for / since. • I have ... for / since ... • He / She has ... for / since ... What have other people done to make a difference? 1.7.2013 ‹#› Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. 1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She_____ ________(teach) English to the soldiers_____three years. 2. I__________(be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends __________I joined the organization. 3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ________ two years now. __________he started working there, he __________(help) many students. 4. The organization___________(train) over 6,000 volunteers __________it began to offer classes three years ago. has for have been since for Since has helped has trained since 4b taught 4c. Complete the passage in 4c with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. have worked have helped have made have met met was got thanked smiled /ˈtʃærəti/ /ˈwɔrmli/ 4c 23 Circle Mary’s ways to make a difference in the passage in 4c. have worked have helped have made have met met was got thanked smiled Mary makes a difference by __________ a sports organization and _________ at sports events. helping out working with 24 Look and answer. What tenses do the verbs use? ___________ tense ___________ tense Simple past Present perfect 25 The state of the action Focus Started? Ended? Sentence A (Present perfect tense) the ______ of the action with a connection to now Sentence B (Simple past tense) the _____ of the action with no connection to now almost three years ago now last month last month 9. Compare the sentences and finish the table. A. I _________ (work) with a sports organization for almost 　three years now. B. For example, I ______ (meet) two national football players 　from Argentina last month. have worked met duration end The duration of volunteering ____ a difference. Think makes 26 My story: Mary Think and share. What does the duration of our stories show? Good friendship This is my best friend Mary. I have known her for five years. Mother’s love This is my favourite bag from my mum. I have had it since 2010. Love for hometown I have lived on this farm since I was a child. 27 Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions in 4d. 　 Take notes and give a report. How long have you • known your best friend / ...? • had your favourite toy / ...? • lived in your neighbourhood / ...? Hello, everyone! I’m ____ from group ____. In our group, ____ has known his / her best friend since ... / for ... He/ She has had his / her favourite toy / bag since ... / for ... ... Checklist Criteria （评价维度） Contents （评价内容） Total scores （总分） Self-assessment （自评） Peer-assessment （互评） Content Use the present perfect tense （使用现在完成时） Use since or for correctly （正确使用 since 或 for） Language Talk about 2 or 3 pieces of information （谈论 2 至 3 方面信息） Performance Introduce groupmates confidently （自信介绍组员信息） 28 Summary (1) Words and expressions: 　 army, soldier, primary, charity, warmly (2) Grammar: • How long have / has sb done sth? • Sb have / has done sth (3) We can make a difference by ... • joining some charities • teaching the kids • training elderly people • working with a sports organization • helping out at sports events • ... Tense Focus Perfect present tense the duration of the action with a connection to now Simple past tense the end of the action with no connection to now for + a period of time since + a point in time 29 第一课时 1a-2d 第一课时 1a-2d 第一课时 1a-2d 1. 现在完成时中since和for的用法 （1）since+时间点/从句 （2）for+时间段 2. 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 3.本课时所学新词与短语 army soldier primary help out charity warmly Summary Ⅰ. 用括号内所给内容的适当形式填空。 1. The film ___________ (be) popular with the public since it ___________ (come) out. 2. Tony ___________ (have) the bike for two years. His father ___________ (buy) it for his ninth birthday. 3. Linda ___________ (borrow) the book from the library and she ___________ (keep) it for three days. has been came has had bought borrowed has kept 4. We ___________ (know) each other since we were in middle school, and we’re still best friends. 5. Lucy ___________ (not see) her aunt for months. She ___________ (miss) her so much and wants to visit her this weekend. have known hasn’t seen misses Homework Imagine you are a volunteer. Write a short diary entry (5–6 sentences) about your work. You must include: • the name of the organization. • your volunteering activities. • how long you have worked there (use for or since). • one thing you have done that makes you proud. 32 $