2026年高考英语·三轮冲刺高分讲义专题三 词义猜测题 满分突破与专项训练

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦词义猜测题核心考点，针对高考要求的语境推断能力，以五大猜测策略（定义解释、对比转折、因果、举例、构词法）为框架，结合熟词生义梳理，通过命题规律分析、策略方法指导、典例精析及15道限时训练，构建系统复习路径，帮助学生突破词汇障碍。 资料以实战为导向，五大策略覆盖高考常见语境线索，如通过破折号定义句（定义线索）、but转折对比（对比线索）等实例精讲，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。15道限时训练完全对标新高考难度，配合详细解析，确保学生高效掌握推断技巧，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

2026年高考英语·三轮冲刺高分讲义 专题三 词义猜测题 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中的必考题型，考查学生在语境中推断生词、短语或熟词生义的能力。本专题系统梳理五大猜测策略，结合15道高质量限时训练，完全对标新高考命题思路，帮助考生快速突破词汇障碍。 专题三 · 词义猜测题：语境破译·高效得分 命题规律与题干标志 典型题干：The word “...” in paragraph X most probably means ______. / What does the underlined word “...” refer to? / The phrase “...” is closest in meaning to ______. 高考选词多为中等难度词汇或熟词生义，原文必然提供足够语境线索，无需超纲记忆。 五大猜测策略（实战核心） 1.定义/解释线索：通过定义句（be defined as, means, refers to, that is, 破折号，同位语从句）直接获得含义。 2.对比/转折线索：利用however, but, while, unlike, on the contrary等转折词推出相反含义。例：Unlike his gregarious brother, Tom was introverted.(gregarious与introverted相反，意为“爱交际的”) 3.因果线索：because, so, therefore, thus, as a result提示因果关系，原因推出结果或结果推出原因。 4.举例线索：such as, for example, like后举例可归纳词义。 5.构词法线索：前缀（un- 不，re- 再次，pre- 前）、后缀（-less 无，-ful 充满）、复合词。 注意熟词生义 高考常考熟词生义：address（地址→演讲/处理），spring（春天→泉水/弹跳），novel（小说→新颖的），feature（特征→以……为特色）。必须结合上下文判断。 典例精析·定义线索 Archaeologists discovered a **megalith**—a large stone used in ancient monuments—near the riverbank.The structure dates back to 3000 BC. The word “megalith” most probably means ______. A.a small tool   B.a large stone   C.an ancient tomb   D.a river 解析：破折号后直接给出定义“a large stone”，选B。 典例精析·对比线索 Most birds migrate south in winter, but some species reside in the north all year round, enduring the freezing cold. The underlined word “reside” is closest in meaning to ______. A.leave   B.live   C.die   D.travel 解析：but表示转折，前半句说迁徙离开，后半句说“some species ...in the north all year round”，与迁徙相反，即“居住/留居”，选B。 典例精析·构词法 The new material is biodegradable, meaning it can be broken down by bacteria naturally without polluting the environment. What does “biodegradable” mean? A.harmful to nature   B.capable of being decomposed   C.man-made   D.expensive 解析：bio-生物，degrade分解，-able能……的，结合语境“被细菌分解”，选B。 词义猜测·限时冲刺训练（15小题，建议用时18分钟） 阅读下列短文中画线词，根据上下文推测其最接近的含义。每个题目均符合高考语境与难度。 Passage 1·海洋生态 Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, hosting thousands of marine species.However, rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching, which can lead to the collapse of the entire reef community. 1.The word “diverse” in paragraph 1 most probably means ______. A.similar   B.varied   C.dangerous   D.small Passage 2·科技伦理 The rapid development of AI has raised profound ethical questions.For instance, who is responsible when a self-driving car causes an accident? These issues are deep and complex, requiring interdisciplinary discussion. 2.The word “profound” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______. A.shallow   B.simple   C.deep   D.obvious Passage 3·健康饮食 Unlike processed snacks, whole foods are nutrient-dense, meaning they provide a high amount of vitamins and minerals relative to their calorie content. 3.What does “nutrient-dense” mean? A.Low in calories   B.Rich in nutrients per calorie   C.High in sugar   D.Artificially flavored Passage 4·心理学 Children with high emotional intelligence tend to be empathetic; they can easily understand and share the feelings of others, which helps them build strong friendships. 4.The underlined word “empathetic” probably means ______. A.selfish   B.cold-hearted   C.understanding others’ emotions   D.aggressive Passage 5·经济学 Inflation has eroded the purchasing power of many households, meaning that the same amount of money now buys fewer goods than it did five years ago. 5.The word “eroded” most nearly means ______. A.increased   B.gradually destroyed   C.stabilized   D.improved Passage 6·环境 The construction of the dam will inundate a large area of forest, forcing wildlife to relocate.Local residents fear that the flooding will destroy their ancestral lands. 6.What is the meaning of “inundate”? A.to dry up   B.to flood   C.to protect   D.to fertilize Passage 7·职场 The manager addressed the staff’s concerns about overtime during the morning meeting, promising to adjust the work schedule. 7.In this context, “addressed” means ______. A.wrote an address   B.spoke to or dealt with   C.ignored   D.increased Passage 8·艺术 The artist’s early paintings were conventional, following traditional techniques, but his later works became highly experimental and abstract. 8.The word “conventional” is closest in meaning to ______. A.innovative   B.traditional   C.strange   D.modern Passage 9·医学 The drug was efficacious in treating the disease, as 89% of patients showed significant improvement after three months of use. 9.What does “efficacious” mean? A.ineffective   B.harmful   C.effective   D.expensive Passage 10·性格 While his brother was gregarious and loved parties, Mark preferred reading alone at home, finding social gatherings exhausting. 10.The word “gregarious” most probably means ______. A.shy   B.outgoing   C.lazy   D.sad Passage 11·气候 The region suffered the worst drought in a century, with no rainfall for eight consecutive months, leading to crop failure and water shortages. 11.What is the meaning of “drought”? A.flood   B.long period of dry weather   C.storm   D.earthquake Passage 12·教育 Because the teacher’s explanation was so ambiguous, many students were confused and asked for clarification. 12.The word “ambiguous” is closest in meaning to ______. A.clear   B.unclear   C.detailed   D.boring Passage 13·旅游 The travel guide highlighted the must-see attractions in the city, including the ancient temple and the night market. 13.In this sentence, “highlighted” means ______. A.ignored   B.emphasized   C.removed   D.criticized Passage 14·文学 Many epic poems, such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, tell the stories of heroic adventures and grand battles. 14.The word “epic” most probably refers to ______. A.short lyrics   B.long heroic poems   C.romantic novels   D.scientific essays Passage 15·科技 The new software can synchronize data across all your devices, ensuring that any change made on your phone is instantly updated on your laptop. 15.What does “synchronize” mean? A.to separate   B.to cause to happen at the same time   C.to delete   D.to compress 答案与解析 1.B 解析：“hosting thousands of marine species”表明物种丰富多样，diverse意为“多样的”。 2.C 解析：后文“deep and complex”提示profound意为“深远的/深刻的”。 3.B 解析：定义“provide a high amount of vitamins relative to calorie content”即为每卡路里营养丰富。 4.C 解析：“understand and share the feelings of others”直接定义empathy，形容词empathetic意为“有同理心的”。 5.B 解析：后文解释“same money buys fewer goods”说明购买力被逐渐削弱，erode意为“侵蚀/逐渐破坏”。 6.B 解析：“flooding will destroy”及语境提示inundate意为“淹没”。 7.B 解析：熟词生义，address在职场意为“处理/解决”或“向……讲话”，此处指经理处理员工担忧。 8.B 解析：与后文“experimental and abstract”对比，conventional意为“传统的”。 9.C 解析：89%病人改善，说明药物有效，efficacious意为“有效的”。 10.B 解析：while对比，Mark喜欢独自阅读，兄弟与之相反，gregarious意为“爱交际的/外向的”。 11.B 解析：“no rainfall for eight months”定义干旱，drought意为“干旱”。 12.B 解析：因为解释含糊导致学生困惑，ambiguous意为“含糊不清的”。 13.B 解析：指南“highlighted”必看景点，意为“强调/突出”。 14.B 解析：举例《伊利亚特》《奥德赛》为长篇英雄史诗，epic指“史诗”。 15.B 解析：解释“any change on phone is instantly updated on laptop”表示同步，synchronize意为“使同步”。 2/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $