技巧04 词句猜测题的答题优化策略（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

技巧04 词句猜测题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解词句猜测题，核心是要求考生结合上下文语境、语法结构或文章逻辑，推断出生词、短语或指代性词语（如it/they）的含义，而非依赖外部词汇储备直接作答。词句猜测题有如下特征：（1）语境依赖性强：答案线索完全隐藏在该词句的前后文之中，如定义解释、同义举例、转折对比或因果逻辑等，需通过语境推导。（2）考查对象多样：既包括超纲生词、熟词僻义（如“address”表“解决”），也包括代词指代、短语含义（如动词短语、习语），甚至是对复杂句子的理解。（3）干扰项易混淆：错误选项常是该词句的常见含义（与语境不符）或脱离上下文的主观猜测，需通过语境验证排除。 答题突破技巧 一、定义解释法：依托明确释义线索 【操作技巧】 英语阅读理解中，作者为帮助读者理解关键生词，常在生词后设置明确的语义解释信号。最常见的是定义解释，通过 "be defined as""refer to"等短语直接给出词义，如"Anthropology is defined as the scientific study of man"中，"is defined as"后内容揭示了"anthropology"（人类学）的含义；同位语结构也具有显著提示作用，两个并列名词短语通过逗号分隔，后者解释前者，例如 "The harbor, an important trading center, was bustling with activity"，破折号、冒号等标点符号同样承担解释功能，像 "The phenomenon—unusual weather patterns—has puzzled scientists"，破折号间内容明确了 "phenomenon" 的具体所指；而 "that is""in other words" 等插入语，则以更直白的方式转述词义，帮助读者快速锁定生词含义。 【阅读语段】 A biography is the story of a person’s life written by someone else. Unlike autobiography, which is a self-written life story, biography focuses on others’ experiences. What does the underlined word “biography” mean? A. A self-written life story B. A story of someone’s life written by others C. A collection of personal diaries D. A book about historical events 【技巧应用】 在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题常通过定义法和对比法设置线索。以 “biography” 一词为例，语段中 “is the story of a person’s life written by someone else” 采用定义法，通过 “is” 引导的主系表结构，直接给出 “由他人撰写的人物生平故事” 这一核心释义；同时，借助 “unlike autobiography” 形成对比关系，将 “biography” 与 “autobiography（自传）” 进行对比，进一步突出 “由他人撰写” 的本质特征。答题时，考生应敏锐捕捉 “is” 引导的定义句这一关键信息，快速定位正确选项 B。通过结合定义法与对比法的双重线索，不仅能精准锁定答案，更能加深对词汇内涵的理解，有效提升此类题型的解题准确率。 二、因果逻辑法：借助因果关系推导 【操作技巧】 英语文本中，"because, so, thus, as a result, consequently, due to, therefore" 等因果逻辑词是连接上下文语义的重要纽带。当遇到生词时，可依据这些标志词构建的因果链条，通过已知的原因或结果推导未知词汇的含义。例如，在句子 "The company's revenue plummeted due to a sudden drop in consumer demand" 中，即使不认识 "plummeted"，也能根据 "due to" 建立的因果关系，结合 "消费者需求骤降" 这一原因，推断出 "plummeted" 意为 "急剧下降"。在高考真题中，命题人常通过这种逻辑关系设置词汇猜测题，考生只要抓住因果线索，就能快速突破生词障碍，精准定位答案。 【阅读语段】 I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” What does “tug at the heartstrings” mean? A. Encourage team work B. Appeal to feeling C. Promote good deeds D. Provide advice 【技巧应用】 在解答这道词句猜测题时，破题点在于精准把握句间逻辑关系与文本细节暗示。由连接词 “so” 构建的因果逻辑链条可知，后文 “tug at the heartstrings” 实为解决前文 “need a little persuading” 这一困境的具体方式。深入剖析文本细节，文中描绘了单亲家长在孩子成长路上默默付出的艰辛，展现了无私教练为学生不计回报的悉心指导等情节，这些细腻的情感刻画与场景描述，实则是在暗示劝说并非依靠理性说教，而是通过唤起人们内心深处的情感共鸣来实现。由此可推断，“tug at the heartstrings” 意为触动情感、打动人心，所以答案为 B 选项。 三、对比转折法：利用反义关系定位 【操作技巧】 在英语文本中，转折对比类连接词是破解生词含义的关键线索。以 "but, however, unlike, on the contrary" 为代表的词汇，往往预示着前后文存在语义反转关系。考生可运用「反义推理法」，通过已知词汇的含义反向推导生词内涵。例如，在句子 "Unlike his timid classmates, Mark boldly raised his hand to answer the question" 中，通过 "Unlike" 明确对比关系，结合已知形容词 "timid（胆怯的）"，即可快速推断出 "boldly" 意为 "大胆地"。此类连接词还包括 "nevertheless, whereas, while" 等，在高考真题中高频出现，熟练掌握该策略可显著提升猜词效率。 【阅读语段】 Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. The word “gregarious” is closest in meaning to ______. A. Outgoing B. Shy C. Careful D. Lazy 【技巧应用】 在英语阅读理解中，遇到生词时，利用上下文逻辑关系是解题的关键。以本题为例，转折词 “unlike” 明确表明 Jane 与姐姐性格呈对立关系。这种转折对比的逻辑关系，是我们破解生词含义的重要线索。后文详细描述 Jane 具有 “害羞、不喜社交” 的性格特点，基于 “unlike” 所构建的对立逻辑，可推断出 “gregarious” 的含义应与 “害羞、不喜社交” 相反。在英语词汇中，“外向的” 恰是这类性格特征的反义词，因此 “gregarious” 意为 “外向的”，对应选项 A。通过这一实例，我们可以看到，精准捕捉文本中的逻辑连接词，并结合已知信息进行反向推理，是攻克词句猜测题的有效策略。 四、例证归纳法：通过实例概括词义 【操作技巧】 英语文本中，"such as, for example, including" 等举例标识词犹如理解生词的 "金钥匙"。这些词汇引导的具体实例，能精准定位生词所属类别，辅助推导深层含义。例如在句子 "Ornamental plants, such as roses, lilies, and tulips, brighten up any garden" 中，通过玫瑰、百合、郁金香等花卉实例，即便不认识 "ornamental"，也能快速推测出该词与 "观赏性" 相关；再如 "She enjoys recreational activities, including hiking, cycling, and swimming"，由徒步、骑行、游泳等活动，可自然推断 "recreational" 意为 "娱乐的、休闲的"。这类举例结构通过具象化表达，将抽象词汇转化为可感知的具体事物，是高考英语词句猜测题中最直观有效的破题线索。 【阅读语段】 Today young couples starting their households often spend much on appliances—for example, washing machines, fridges and color TVs. What does “appliances” refer to? A. Daily necessities like food and clothes B. Electronic devices for home use C. Furniture like sofas and beds D. Kitchen tools like pots and pans 【技巧应用】 在解答词句猜测题时，我们可利用 举例说明法 来推断生词含义。以 "appliances" 一词为例，原文句子 "Many households have a variety of appliances, for example, washing machines, refrigerators, and color TVs" 中，"for example" 作为典型的举例标志词，其引导的 "washing machines（洗衣机）、refrigerators（冰箱）、color TVs（彩电）" 均属于日常生活中常见的家用电子设备范畴。由此可见，这些具体例子是对 "appliances" 的具象化说明，通过将例子进行共性归纳，我们可以快速锁定 "appliances" 的核心语义 ——家用电子设备，从而判断选项 B 为正确答案。这一过程充分体现了从具体实例到抽象概念的推理逻辑，也印证了举例说明法在破解生词含义时的有效性。 五、构词拆解法：依托词根词缀推断 【操作技巧】 通过前缀（如表示否定的 "un-"、表 "下，接近" 的 "sub-"、表 "在... 下面；低；副" 的 "sus-"）、后缀（如构成形容词表 "可... 的" 的 "-able"、构成名词表 "行为；状态；结果" 的 "-tion"）和词根（如表示 "支撑；维持" 的 "sustain"、表示 "搬运；携带" 的 "port"）的已知含义推导生词。例如，在生词 "unsustainable" 中，前缀 "un-" 表示否定，词根 "sustain" 意为 "维持"，后缀 "-able" 表示 "可... 的"，将三者含义串联，即可推出该词意为 "不可持续的"；再如 "transportation"，词根 "port" 表示 "搬运"，前缀 "trans-" 表示 "转移；跨越"，后缀 "-ation" 表示行为结果，由此可推测出该词表示 "运输；交通运输系统" 。 【阅读语段】 The company’s “Future City” idea aims to make buildings more energy-efficient. The idea is to create a city that is more sustainable and livable for future generations. What does “sustainable” probably mean? A. Able to last for a long time B. Worth a lot of money C. Easy to remember D. Popular with youth 【技巧应用】 在高考英语阅读理解中，面对生词猜测题时，词根词缀法是极为有效的解题利器。以 “sustainable” 一词为例，它由核心词根 “sustain”（意为 “维持、支撑”，常见于 “sustain life” 维持生命、“sustain an injury” 承受伤害等短语）和后缀 “-able”（表示 “能够…… 的”，如 “readable” 可读的、“drinkable” 可饮用的）构成。从字面拆解来看，“sustainable” 意为 “可维持的”。然而，仅依赖词根词缀拆解往往不够，还需结合具体语境进行精准判断。在本题语境 “Our goal is to create livable cities for future generations by developing sustainable urban systems” 中，通过 “为后代创造宜居城市” 以及 “发展…… 城市系统” 等关键信息可知，这里强调的并非短期维持，而是着眼长远、能够长期持续的城市发展模式。综合词根词缀分析与语境推理，可确定 “sustainable” 的准确含义为 “能长期持续的”，与选项 A 高度契合，成功锁定正确答案。 六、上下文语境法：依托整体语义连贯 【操作技巧】 当题目中未出现诸如 "mean"、"refer to" 等明显的词义猜测标志词时，考生可通过剖析前后文的主题连贯性、情感基调一致性或动作发展逻辑性进行词义推断。例如，在描述生态保护的文章中，若生词所在句提及 "preservation efforts" 与前文 "habitat restoration"、后文 "species protection" 形成语义链，则可推测生词与 "保护" 概念相关；又如，在记叙文里通过人物 "frown（皱眉）"、"sigh（叹气）" 等动作，结合 "disappointing news" 的情感基调，可推断描述心理状态的生词带有消极色彩。这种基于语境逻辑的推理方法，能有效突破词汇障碍，精准把握文本含义。 【阅读语段】 I have a disability,” he explained. “I always dreamed of becoming a policeman, but I’m just too short to be one.” But he never lost hope. “I wanted to prove to myself and others that I can do it,” he said. He spent four years training for the police academy exam. What does “it” refer to? A. Graduating from the academy B. Becoming a policeman C. Training for the exam D. Overcoming disability 【技巧应用】 在高考英语阅读理解的词句猜测题中，指代关系的判断是关键考点。针对这道例题，文本围绕主人公的职业理想展开，前文通过 "aspire to become a police officer"、"dream of a law - enforcement career" 等表述，反复强调 “梦想成为警察” 这一核心主题，形成强烈的语义场。而后文出现的 "training for the police academy exam"（警校入学考试训练），是朝着目标付诸实践的具体行动。在英语语篇中，代词往往承担着衔接上下文、避免重复的功能。这里的 “it” 作为关键指示代词，根据语篇连贯原则和就近指代规律，结合前文高频出现的核心语义，可精准锁定其指代对象为前文反复提及的核心目标 ——“成为警察”。这种通过把握文本主题脉络、分析前后文逻辑关联来确定代词指代的方法，不仅适用于本题，也是应对高考英语中词句猜测类题型的重要策略，故答案为 B。 七、指代还原法：遵循 “就近向前” 原则 【操作技巧】 代词（it, they, that 等）通常指代前文最近的名词或名词短语，需结合单复数和语义匹配。在实际解题中，考生可采用 "三步定位法"：首先，锁定代词所在句子，明确指代对象的词性和单复数属性；其次，按照由近及远的顺序回溯前文，优先筛选 50 词范围内的名词或名词短语；最后，将候选对象代入原句，通过语义连贯性和逻辑合理性进行验证。例如，当遇到 "they" 时，需特别注意前文复数名词，若出现多个候选对象，可借助动词时态、修饰限定词等线索缩小范围。值得注意的是，当代词出现在长难句或段落开头时，可能需要跨句甚至跨段分析指代关系。 【阅读语段】 The museum’s “Inspiring Science” exhibition features interactive exhibits. It allows visitors to explore concepts in a fun way. It is designed to inspire young people to pursue STEM careers. What does the first “It” refer to? A. The museum B. The exhibition C. An interactive exhibit D. A scientific concept 【技巧应用】 在解答词句猜测题时，遵循 "就近向前" 的核心原则是关键。通过观察发现，文中第一个 "It" 与前文的 "‘Inspiring Science’ exhibition" 紧密相邻，在位置上形成了天然的指代关联。进一步分析句子结构，后文 "allows visitors to explore concepts" 描述的功能属性，与我们对 "展览" 所具备的展示与科普功能的认知高度契合。展览作为一种展示平台，其主要目的就是通过多种形式呈现内容，让参观者能够深入探索各类科学概念，这也与文中描述的功能相匹配。基于以上逻辑分析与信息对应，"It" 所指代的内容正是 "‘Inspiring Science’ exhibition"，故答案为 B。 突破演练 1 The sun was shining, people were paddling in the sea and dogs were being walked — a typical day on the beautiful Dorset coast. Just a few minutes inland, however, history was being made. Yesterday, at the National Trust’ s Purbeck Heaths nature reserve, four beavers (海狸) were released from cages and crawled into Little Sea, a 33-hectare lake — the first to be legally released in England after a 400-year disappearance and a fight to return them to the landscape. The Trust says this is the prime habitat for them to wander free, with no fenced enclosures, full of lakes and watercourses for the beavers to make their home. The Trust has permission to release 25 on the island but is starting with four and then making more releases in coming years if this one goes well. “I feel real hope,” said David Brown, the director at Purbeck. “I’ve worked as an ecologist for 40 years and this is the most optimistic time in my career without doubt. We are visibly, measurably recovering nature and that is so exciting!” Conservationists have been campaigning for the return of the beaver for decades because it is a keystone species, whose existence allows other creatures to develop well. This is because beavers create complex wetland habitats by digging channels and pools and constructing leaky dams. Their dams can also deal with pollution, helping to clean up rivers, and prevent flooding as well as drought. The Trust has worked with local farmers and landowners to ensure the beavers do not cause unwanted disruption. Purbeck hopes it will stimulate year-round nature tourism as people come to see the beavers and the habitats they create. “We have been seeing the economic development shift from bucket-and-spade tourism to nature tourism, and that is more sustainable,” Brown said. 1．Why is the beavers’ release considered historical? A．They are the first beavers spotted in the wild. B．It marks an improvement in lake protection. C．They are reintroduced to the wild after centuries of absence. D．It offers a great chance for people to interact with them freely. 2．What does the underlined word “prime” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Perfect. B．Temporary. C．Familiar. D．Extra. 3．What aspect of the beavers do conservationists highlight? A．Their impact on the ecosystem. B．Their capability of constructing dams. C．Their adaptability to the environment. D．Their popularity among tourists. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The beavers will reach other reserves quickly. B．Beaver tourism may reshape the local economy. C．More beavers will be released next summer. D．Bucket-and-spade tourism is declining sharply. 2 A new groundbreaking study reveals a landmark breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment. Researchers, led by David Baker from the University of Washington, have designed new proteins — unlike any found in nature — that can inactivate some of the most poisonous components of snake bite toxins (毒素). Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue, affecting millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization, over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually, with more than 100,000 deaths and 300,000 cases of permanent disabilities. Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present drawbacks, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties. In light of these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often bypass the immune (免疫的) system, making conventional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%. By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings. While the study’s findings are encouraging, the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future. The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments. Meanwhile, scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. 1．Which is a shortcoming of the current snakebite treatments? A．They mainly rely on animal blood. B．They are effective in certain regions. C．They can lead to serious health risks. D．They may leave toxins in patients’ bodies. 2．How did Baker’s team deal with the current challenges? A．By inventing deep learning tools. B．By identifying more snake toxins. C．By enhancing the immune system. D．By designing AI-generated proteins. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning Baker’s new study? A．Its advantages. B．Its strategies. C．Its procedures. D．Its limitations. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The existing approaches are hard to change. B．The conventional treatments are out of date. C．The new methods might enlighten other treatments. D．The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods. 3 In 2024, TIME Magazine named 34-year-old Marí a González its “Person of the Year” for her extraordinary efforts to bring renewable energy to remote Amazonian communities. Born in a riverside village in Peru, Maria grew up in a home lit by kerosene (煤油) lamps. Her father, a fisherman, often risked his life sailing through dark waters at night. When María was 12, a storm tipped over his boat. He survived but lost his sight due to untreated injuries. “I watched him struggle to relearn even basic tasks,” María recalled, “which made me promise to prevent others from suffering the same fate.” She graduated with honors after earning a scholarship to study engineering in Lima. Returning to the Amazon in 2018, she proposed solar-powered lanterns made from recycled materials. Her original model — a rusty tin can wired to a broken calculator battery — exploded during a rainstorm. Local elders doubted her “magic boxes”, and funding was scarce. María spent nights testing designs in her hut. She studied traditional basket-weaving techniques to improve waterproofing and partnered with a women’s cooperative to collect plastic waste. A breakthrough came in 2022 when she created a durable solar lamp using recycled plastic bottles and smartphone batteries donated by a tech nonprofit. Her project, Green Light, has since equipped over 200 villages with affordable solar energy. In the Yurimaguas district alone, childhood respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses from kerosene smoke dropped by 60%. Children now study after sunset, clinics refrigerate vaccines, and fishermen like her father sail safely. “The forest taught me toughness,” Maria said in her TIME interview. “Every failure was a root growing deeper, helping me stand taller.” Despite international fame, Maria rejects to patent (申请专利) her designs. “Light belongs to everyone,” she insists. Her next goal? Training 1,000 women across the Amazon to become solar engineers by 2025. Meanwhile, María’s designs have inspired similar projects in Congo and Bangladesh. “True sustainability,” she says, “is when solutions grow from the soil of a community itself.” 1．What motivated Maria to start her project? A．A family accident caused by poor lighting. B．Her great passion for environmental science. C．The severe lack of electricity in her hometown. D．Encouragement from her engineering professors. 2．What dose the underlined phrase “magic boxes” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Recycled materials. B．Broken calculator batteries. C．Maria’s initial solar lantern models. D．Containers for storing medical supplies. 3．Which benefit is NOT mentioned in the article? A．Better medical storage in local clinics. B．Enhanced safety for nighttime fishermen. C．Improved education opportunities for children. D．Equipping each village with affordable solar energy. 4．What does Maria’s refusal to register her inventions reveal about her character? A．She possesses an innovative spirit. B．She fears industrial competition. C．She values community access over profit. D．She prioritizes personal recognition. 4 They say one’s trash is another’s treasure, but a chunk of “rock” used to keep a door open for decades is a treasure by pretty much any metric you might care to use. The 3.5 kilogram (7.7 pound) stone was found in a stream bed in southeast Romania by an elderly woman, who brought it home and put it to use. After the woman died in 1991, the relative who inherited her home suspected the doorstop might be more than meets the eye. So he consulted experts to find that this is not a “rock” but an amber — tree resin from millions of years in the past. Over time, the highly sticky substance fossilizes into a hard, warm-coloured material widely recognized as a gemstone. This doorstop amber is likely between around 38 and 70 million years old, categorised as rumanite, which is famed and prized for its wide range of deep, reddish colour, and this one turned out to be one of the biggest entire chunks of amber up to now in the world. Its value? Somewhere in the region of $1 million — around $ 1.1 million. “Its discovery represents a great significance both at a scientific level and at a museum level,” Daniel Costache, said director of the Provincial Museum of Buzau. Classified as a national treasure of Romania, the nugget has had a home now at the Provincial Museum of Buzau — the county in which the relic was found — since 2022. The discovery resembles that of a man in Michigan, who kept a large piece of rock as a doorstop, only to find out decades later that he was keeping his doors in place with a meteorite worth $100,000. A chunk of amber worth over a million dollars isn’t a bad score, either, really. Just imagine how many doorstops you could buy. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards this kind of discovery? A．Doubtful. B．Humourous. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 2．What does the underlined phrase “more than meets the eye” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Looking more attractive than usual. B．Having a hidden or unexpected value or quality. C．Appearing larger in size than it actually is. D．Being more difficult to understand that expected. 3．Why is this “doorstop rock” considered a treasure? A．Because of its beautiful appearance B．Because of its unusually large size. C．Because of its gem-level and scientific significance. D．Because of its sentimental value as a doorstop tool. 4．What is the best title of this text? A．The Hidden Treasure in a Doorstop B．The Story of an Elderly Woman’s Discovery C．Amber: A Precious Gemstone D．Famous Discoveries in Romania 5 UPS driver RYAN ARENS was making his rounds near a pond in Bozeman, Montana, when he heard an unearthly sound. “Like a cry for help,” he told thedodo.com, a website for animal lovers. It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry — a half-submerged brown-and-white wirehaired hound, struggling to cling to a thin layer of ice. How she got there no one knows, but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking away at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog. It was slow going, and Arens, 44, thought he stood a better chance. “Animals are my weakness,” he told the Great Falls Tribune, explaining why he stripped down to his boxers and socks, even though the temperature was in the 30s, and commandeered the rowboat. His heart thumping, Arens slid closer to the dog and used the other man’s rock to smash away at the ice. He gave one strong heave too many and slipped off the boat, crashing into 16 feet of freezing water. He resurfaced in time to see the dog going under. Using nervous energy to keep warm, he swam about five feet toward her, grabbed hold of her collar, and pulled her to the ice. He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner, a retired veterinarian. Once in the house himself, Arens jumped into a warm shower with the dog until they both defrosted. A few more minutes in the pond, the vet told Arens, and she would have likely suffered cardiac arrest. The next day, Arens was back working the same neighborhood when the dog’s owner came over to thank him for saving Sadie. “Would you like to meet her?” he asked. He opened the door to his pickup, and Sadie bolted out. She made a beeline for Arens, leaping on him and bathing him in wet kisses. That special delivery, says Arens, “was the highlight of my UPS career.” 1．How did the elderly man try to save the dog at first? A．He swam to the dog directly. B．He called Ryan Arens for help. C．He used a stick to reach the dog. D．He hacked at the ice with a rock. 2．What does the underlined word “commandeered” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．borrowed B．took control of C．repaired D．sold 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The dog’s owner lived far away from the pond. B．Ryan Arens often saved animals in his daily life. C．Sadie recognized and was grateful to Ryan Arens. D．The temperature in Bozeman, Montana was very high then. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A retired veterinarian helped take care of a rescued dog. B．A dog owner thanked a UPS driver for returning his lost dog. C．An elderly man tried to save a dog in a frozen pond but failed. D．A UPS driver risked his life to save a drowning dog in a frozen pond. 6 In my senior-year literature class last term, I encountered a knight who defended a forgotten kingdom, a gentle grandmother who healed wounds with folk tales, and a futuristic explorer who vanished in a black hole. Once, I often found myself amazed at how my students, who brought these figures to life, grasped the essence of complex literary themes. But the situation was quite different with their first assignment, which centered on the question: “Why is literature important?” Most of the essays were barely a page long, and scarcely any had a sentence that could serve as a strong thesis statement. I was taken aback. Then it dawned on me that the problem lay in the question itself. They could have written volumes about the allure of social media, but literature, in its pure form, just didn’t seem significant to them. This had to change. As a new semester began, I asked everyone to craft a reflective essay on a literary work that had touched their soul. This time, they found the task far more engaging. For the subsequent two tasks, a drama-analysis project was followed by a poetry-creation workshop. I only stipulated that each piece should convey a deep-seated emotion. The outcomes were astounding. The students delved into a wide range of literary works and produced essays and poems, each 8 to 15 pages long, with insights that broadened my perspective and stirred my emotions. I entered the class believing that literature is important as a mirror of humanity. However, my students demonstrated something even more profound. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a year’s worth of memories filled with the realization of literature’s most profound significance — the ability to awaken dormant feelings, to transport us to unseen worlds, and to reveal the shared threads of our human experiences. 1．Who are the characters mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Senior-year students. B．The author’s relatives. C．Famous literary critics. D．Fictional personas. 2．Why did the students perform poorly in their first writing task? A．They lacked writing skills. B．They had a limited understanding of literature. C．They misinterpreted the question’s intent. D．They had no interest in the topic. 3．What does the underlined word “astounding” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Confusing. B．Impressive. C．Ordinary. D．Frightening. 4．What does the author’s experience illustrate? A．Literature can awaken deep-seated human emotions. B．Teaching literature is an easy task. C．Students prefer creative writing to theoretical essays. D．Classic literature is losing its appeal. 7 Ecotourism has become an increasingly popular way for travelers to explore the world while minimizing their environmental impact. Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities. The core principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental damage, respecting local cultures, and supporting conservation efforts. Travelers engaging in ecotourism activities typically visit protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, or remote communities. They participate in activities like bird watching, hiking, or learning about traditional crafts from local residents. These experiences not only allow travelers to connect with nature but also contribute to the preservation of fragile ecosystems. One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. Faced with threats from over-tourism in the 20th century, the government implemented strict regulations to protect the unique wildlife and landscapes. Today, visitors to the Galapagos must follow designated routes, be accompanied by certified guides, and pay a conservation fee that funds environmental protection projects. This approach has helped maintain the islands’ biodiversity while providing income for local communities through tourism. Another example is Costa Rica, often regarded as a leader in ecotourism. The country has transformed its natural resources into a sustainable tourism industry, with over 25% of its land protected in national parks and reserves. Tourists can explore rainforests, observe sea turtles nesting, or stay in eco-lodges that use renewable energy and support local farmers. This model has not only preserved Costa Rica’s natural beauty but also reduced poverty in rural areas by creating jobs in tourism. However, ecotourism is not without challenges. Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.” Travelers must be cautious and research companies before booking to ensure their tourism dollars support genuine environmental and community initiatives. Additionally, even well-managed ecotourism can have negative impacts if visitor numbers exceed the carrying capacity of an area, leading to habitat disturbance or increased waste. To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife. By making informed choices, travelers can enjoy meaningful experiences while helping to protect the planet for future generations. 1．What is the main difference between ecotourism and traditional tourism? A．Ecotourism focuses on luxury accommodations. B．Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel and environmental conservation. C．Traditional tourism only visits natural areas. D．Traditional tourism requires following strict regulations. 2．Why does the author mention the Galapagos Islands? A．To show the negative effects of over-tourism. B．To introduce a popular luxury travel destination. C．To provide a successful example of ecotourism. D．To explain how to get certified as an ecotourism guide. 3．What does the word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Making false claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Using green colors in tourism advertisements. C．Planting trees to offset carbon emissions from travel. D．Implementing strict environmental protection measures. 4．What is recommended for responsible ecotourism according to the text? A．Choosing large international hotel chains. B．Exploring natural areas without a guide. C．Leaving trash in designated areas. D．Selecting locally owned accommodations. 8 Do you know what percentage of your family’s total expenses is spent on food? This is the main focus of the Engel coefficient (恩格尔系数), an economic concept that describes the relationship between income and spending on food. For years, it has been considered an important measure of people’s living standards. If the figure is high, then it is often believed that the standard of living is low, as a large share of income is spent on food. However, recently a topic has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms, where many people have begun to question whether the Engel coefficient is relevant in China. One of the key reasons for this concern comes from the Chinese attitude toward food, shown by the old saying, “Food is of primary importance to the people.” This highlights the significant difference between China’s food culture and consumption habits and those of Western countries. The food culture in China is rich and diverse, and people are willing to spend more money and energy on it. “In the past, I earned 100 yuan a day and spent half of it on food. Now I earn 1,000 yuan a day, and I still spend half of it on food. Having a good meal makes my day,” a user from Hunan commented on Sina Weibo. Food in China is a science, a social activity and an art. The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are employed all over China to create healthy, well-balanced meals. Whether in a restaurant or at someone’s home, food is often the common ground over which people gather to talk and share. Many aspects of Chinese spiritual culture are connected to food, from governance to communication. Chinese traditional culture focuses on seeing society and life from the perspective of food, and Chinese people are very good at enjoying the beauty and meaning found in everyday meals. These factors make consumption habits in China different from those in other countries, making the Engel coefficient not able to completely reflect the living standards of Chinese people. Moreover, this public concern shows just how deeply food is valued in Chinese society, reported Guangming Daily. 1．Which of the following Engel coefficient figures suggests a high living standard? A．63.9%. B．42.2%. C．36.3%. D．29.8%. 2．How does the author mainly illustrate irrelevance of the Engel coefficient in China? A．By presenting data. B．By giving examples. C．By listing reasons. D．By citing quotes. 3．What do the underlined words “this concern” in the third paragraph refer to? A．Whether the Engel coefficient is relevant in China. B．Whether Chinese people are willing to spend more on food. C．Whether consumption habits are different in China. D．Whether the principles of TCM are suitable for food. 4．What does this text mainly talk about? A．Beating the economic rule. B．The importance of food in China. C．The consumption habits in China. D．Improving the Chinese living standards. 9 A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,” says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources. In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 1．What does Ashley mean by “But that can be all it takes.”? A．The rangers’ work is efficient. B．The damage has been done. C．The cleanup takes a long time. D．The pollution has spread widely. 2．What is a result of foreign waste in public lands? A．A shift in animal behavior. B．A shortage of food supplies. C．A decline in bacterial species. D．An increase in conflicts between animals. 3．Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5? A．To praise their benefits to desert life. B．To highlight our ignorance of wildlife. C．To stress their significance for photography. D．To show our unawareness of nature’s sensitivity. 4．It is conveyed in this passage that we should ________. A．encourage wildlife protection B．leave no trace in the wild C．promote national park tourism D．restore ecological damage 10 The convenience of modern life is nothing short of astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly sending some hits from the 1700s to my portable speaker. The fact that, as a culture, we celebrate such short cuts is understandable. That said, most people are able to sense that convenience has a darker side. Before getting into that, we’d better understand why convenience is so seductive first. We often desist doing the things we need to do to make progress. Behind every well-intentioned plan lies this horrible sense of inertia (惰性). Why is this resistance — and our corresponding appetite for ease — such an essential part of our makeup? Here, insights from evolutionary psychology (particularly the idea of“the evolutionary mismatch”) can help. The evolutionary mismatch is the idea that we colved for a hunter-gather difostyle, and that while our circumstances have changed completely, our brains and bodies haven’t. Resistance was a necessary counterbalance (制衡) to the bursts of intense activity that characterized the lives of hunter-gatherers: searching for food in driving rain, or running to escape a dangerous animal. It’s the reason we still ask: “Do I really have to be doing this? Shouldn’t I save my energy?” The people choosing to remain sheltered during snowstorms, when the prospect of obtaining food was low, were more likely to live and pass on their genes to the next generation. Since then, of course, innovation has changed things greatly. We’ve altered technology and our environments partly to serve our natural instinct (本能) to conserve energy. The question is: what do we stand to lose by following our tendency to prioritize comfort and convenience? Continually choosing the convenient path lessens your ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties. And, from an evolutionary perspective, some measure of discomfort is as crucial to our survival as rest and relaxation. Our ancestors didn’t survive purely by being lazy, but through a combination of playing it safe and taking necessary risks. This difficulty itself does shape our character. In the technological world we have fashioned, we must sometimes make conscious efforts to act in opposition to our instincts. As a culture, we must remember while convenience feels good in the moment, our capacity to adapt and overcome challenges is part of our evolutionary inheritance (遗传) too, and central to the adventure of life. 1．What does the underlined word “seductive” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Attractive and inviting. B．Useful and practical. C．Harmful and dangerous. D．Annoying and frustrating. 2．What does“the evolutionary mismatch” primarily refer to? A．The inconsistency between personal goals and societal expectations. B．The contrast between modern convenience and ancient challenges. C．The argument over the hunter-gatherer lifestyle of ancient people. D．The conflict between our natural instinct and the current environment. 3．What may prioritizing convenience in modern life result in? A．It may lead to a lack of innovation and progress. B．It may reduce our ability to overcome challenges. C．It may make us overly dependent on technology. D．It may cause a decline in physical fitness. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The Benefits of Modern Technology B．Understanding Evolution in Today’s World C．The Dark Side of Convenience in Modern Life D．Rejecting Modern Convenience for a Better Life 11 In his new biography of Robert Crumb, Dan Nadel, a comics (漫画) expert, writes that his subject agreed to participate in the project under one condition: “that I be honest about his faults, look closely at his urges, and examine the racially charged aspects of his work.” Crumb, honest in his work as an underground comics pioneer, expected the same from his biographer. And Nadel fulfilled. That doesn’t mean Crumb: A Cartoonist’s life is a hatchet job. Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb’s art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. Nadel tracks Crumb’s artistic progress, from working with his brother Charles on adolescent comics influenced by childhood heroes like Carl Barks and John Stanley, to designing greeting cards for American Greetings, and finally to sinking into a boundless release of subconscious chaos. When it comes time to explore Crumb’s problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. Crumb’s work often embraced the racist prejudices he absorbed from his white, postwar American upbringing, and his art was an unpleasant reflection of those influences. According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land. Nor happy beginnings. Crumb was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, the youngest of five children in a family marked by mental illness and frequent moves. This instability shaped his early life and created a sense of disconnection that would last throughout his career. Nadel also investigates Crumb’s later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. Crumb’s fame grew, but he continued to refuse to be categorized, seeing himself as separate from the very culture that celebrated him. Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb’s career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won’t find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly. 1．What does the underlined phrase “a hatchet job” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A careless analysis. B．A confusing overview. C．A cruel attack. D．A failed experiment. 2．How does Nadel approach Crumb’s representations of black people? A．He embraces the sad endings. B．He defends Crumb’s artistic freedom. C．He acknowledges racism and criticism. D．He separates Crumb’s views from his art. 3．What was Crumb’s relationship with the counterculture? A．He was doubtful yet part of it. B．He was angry yet influential in it. C．He was interested yet rejected by it. D．He was respectful yet distanced from it. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To analyze the underground comics movement. B．To recommend a book on a comics pioneer. C．To examine the influence of upbringing on art. D．To honor the friendship with a former colleague. 12 Large language models (LLMs) seem better at making people feel seen and heard than humans. This phenomenon, called “LLMpathy”, is both surprising and controversial. Some argue that computers can’t truly empathize (共情) for lack of emotion. Others are alarmed by how readily people are trading human connection for digital ones. But beyond these concerns, chatbots might offer something more practical. If they are beating us at empathy, shouldn’t we try to learn what they are doing, right? Researchers initially wondered if AI advantage lay in its unlimited attention. But that doesn’t seem to explain it. A 2024 research in Harvard Business School revealed that people’s expressing of empathy, despite increased commitments, still fell short compared to those by ChatGPT. Chatbots’ success may come from avoiding all-too-human mistakes. Chatbots’ responses stood out mainly because they focused on acknowledging feelings, unlike humans who often shared a seemingly related experience to offer solutions, unintentionally damaging the hope of being truly heard. Chatbots avoid these pitfalls. They focus entirely on the speaker. More than humans, chatbots paraphrase, acknowledge and justify how people might feel. When people adopt similar strategies, their connections strengthen. It bears noting that the AI advantage in empathetic conversations has limits. Its “paraphrase, acknowledge, follow up” may feel warm the first time, but dull the second. Most research tests people’s interactions with Chatbots just once, so AI’s edge might fade in longer, repetitive chats. Chatbots might be helpful, but they still can’t feel or truly care. The demand for AI therapists (理疗师) may be growing, but many people still prefer human support. Anyone who has repeated “agent” at a customer-service robot knows the feeling of desperately wanting a real person on the line. Some of the shortcomings of human connection are also, in fact, features. But the fact that we often must earn human empathy, and that it comes from limited beings who devote themselves to being there for us, is part of its beauty. 1．Why does AI often outperform humans at showing empathy? A．It has unlimited patience. B．It shares related experience. C．It focuses on people’s feeings. D．It prioritizes solving problems. 2．What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Responses. B．Shortcomings. C．Experiences. D．Feelings. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Human care is irreplaceable. B．In-person chats have limits. C．Service lines benefit human. D．Emotion is enhanced by AI. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Chatbots: The New Emotional Support B．The Double-Edged Sword of Chatbots C．The Rising Demand for AI Therapists D．Learn to Be a Listener like Chatbots 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 技巧04 词句猜测题的答题优化策略 策略分析 高考英语阅读理解词句猜测题，核心是要求考生结合上下文语境、语法结构或文章逻辑，推断出生词、短语或指代性词语（如it/they）的含义，而非依赖外部词汇储备直接作答。词句猜测题有如下特征：（1）语境依赖性强：答案线索完全隐藏在该词句的前后文之中，如定义解释、同义举例、转折对比或因果逻辑等，需通过语境推导。（2）考查对象多样：既包括超纲生词、熟词僻义（如“address”表“解决”），也包括代词指代、短语含义（如动词短语、习语），甚至是对复杂句子的理解。（3）干扰项易混淆：错误选项常是该词句的常见含义（与语境不符）或脱离上下文的主观猜测，需通过语境验证排除。 答题突破技巧 一、定义解释法：依托明确释义线索 【操作技巧】 英语阅读理解中，作者为帮助读者理解关键生词，常在生词后设置明确的语义解释信号。最常见的是定义解释，通过 "be defined as""refer to"等短语直接给出词义，如"Anthropology is defined as the scientific study of man"中，"is defined as"后内容揭示了"anthropology"（人类学）的含义；同位语结构也具有显著提示作用，两个并列名词短语通过逗号分隔，后者解释前者，例如 "The harbor, an important trading center, was bustling with activity"，破折号、冒号等标点符号同样承担解释功能，像 "The phenomenon—unusual weather patterns—has puzzled scientists"，破折号间内容明确了 "phenomenon" 的具体所指；而 "that is""in other words" 等插入语，则以更直白的方式转述词义，帮助读者快速锁定生词含义。 【阅读语段】 A biography is the story of a person’s life written by someone else. Unlike autobiography, which is a self-written life story, biography focuses on others’ experiences. What does the underlined word “biography” mean? A. A self-written life story B. A story of someone’s life written by others C. A collection of personal diaries D. A book about historical events 【技巧应用】 在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题常通过定义法和对比法设置线索。以 “biography” 一词为例，语段中 “is the story of a person’s life written by someone else” 采用定义法，通过 “is” 引导的主系表结构，直接给出 “由他人撰写的人物生平故事” 这一核心释义；同时，借助 “unlike autobiography” 形成对比关系，将 “biography” 与 “autobiography（自传）” 进行对比，进一步突出 “由他人撰写” 的本质特征。答题时，考生应敏锐捕捉 “is” 引导的定义句这一关键信息，快速定位正确选项 B。通过结合定义法与对比法的双重线索，不仅能精准锁定答案，更能加深对词汇内涵的理解，有效提升此类题型的解题准确率。 二、因果逻辑法：借助因果关系推导 【操作技巧】 英语文本中，"because, so, thus, as a result, consequently, due to, therefore" 等因果逻辑词是连接上下文语义的重要纽带。当遇到生词时，可依据这些标志词构建的因果链条，通过已知的原因或结果推导未知词汇的含义。例如，在句子 "The company's revenue plummeted due to a sudden drop in consumer demand" 中，即使不认识 "plummeted"，也能根据 "due to" 建立的因果关系，结合 "消费者需求骤降" 这一原因，推断出 "plummeted" 意为 "急剧下降"。在高考真题中，命题人常通过这种逻辑关系设置词汇猜测题，考生只要抓住因果线索，就能快速突破生词障碍，精准定位答案。 【阅读语段】 I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” What does “tug at the heartstrings” mean? A. Encourage team work B. Appeal to feeling C. Promote good deeds D. Provide advice 【技巧应用】 在解答这道词句猜测题时，破题点在于精准把握句间逻辑关系与文本细节暗示。由连接词 “so” 构建的因果逻辑链条可知，后文 “tug at the heartstrings” 实为解决前文 “need a little persuading” 这一困境的具体方式。深入剖析文本细节，文中描绘了单亲家长在孩子成长路上默默付出的艰辛，展现了无私教练为学生不计回报的悉心指导等情节，这些细腻的情感刻画与场景描述，实则是在暗示劝说并非依靠理性说教，而是通过唤起人们内心深处的情感共鸣来实现。由此可推断，“tug at the heartstrings” 意为触动情感、打动人心，所以答案为 B 选项。 三、对比转折法：利用反义关系定位 【操作技巧】 在英语文本中，转折对比类连接词是破解生词含义的关键线索。以 "but, however, unlike, on the contrary" 为代表的词汇，往往预示着前后文存在语义反转关系。考生可运用「反义推理法」，通过已知词汇的含义反向推导生词内涵。例如，在句子 "Unlike his timid classmates, Mark boldly raised his hand to answer the question" 中，通过 "Unlike" 明确对比关系，结合已知形容词 "timid（胆怯的）"，即可快速推断出 "boldly" 意为 "大胆地"。此类连接词还包括 "nevertheless, whereas, while" 等，在高考真题中高频出现，熟练掌握该策略可显著提升猜词效率。 【阅读语段】 Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. The word “gregarious” is closest in meaning to ______. A. Outgoing B. Shy C. Careful D. Lazy 【技巧应用】 在英语阅读理解中，遇到生词时，利用上下文逻辑关系是解题的关键。以本题为例，转折词 “unlike” 明确表明 Jane 与姐姐性格呈对立关系。这种转折对比的逻辑关系，是我们破解生词含义的重要线索。后文详细描述 Jane 具有 “害羞、不喜社交” 的性格特点，基于 “unlike” 所构建的对立逻辑，可推断出 “gregarious” 的含义应与 “害羞、不喜社交” 相反。在英语词汇中，“外向的” 恰是这类性格特征的反义词，因此 “gregarious” 意为 “外向的”，对应选项 A。通过这一实例，我们可以看到，精准捕捉文本中的逻辑连接词，并结合已知信息进行反向推理，是攻克词句猜测题的有效策略。 四、例证归纳法：通过实例概括词义 【操作技巧】 英语文本中，"such as, for example, including" 等举例标识词犹如理解生词的 "金钥匙"。这些词汇引导的具体实例，能精准定位生词所属类别，辅助推导深层含义。例如在句子 "Ornamental plants, such as roses, lilies, and tulips, brighten up any garden" 中，通过玫瑰、百合、郁金香等花卉实例，即便不认识 "ornamental"，也能快速推测出该词与 "观赏性" 相关；再如 "She enjoys recreational activities, including hiking, cycling, and swimming"，由徒步、骑行、游泳等活动，可自然推断 "recreational" 意为 "娱乐的、休闲的"。这类举例结构通过具象化表达，将抽象词汇转化为可感知的具体事物，是高考英语词句猜测题中最直观有效的破题线索。 【阅读语段】 Today young couples starting their households often spend much on appliances—for example, washing machines, fridges and color TVs. What does “appliances” refer to? A. Daily necessities like food and clothes B. Electronic devices for home use C. Furniture like sofas and beds D. Kitchen tools like pots and pans 【技巧应用】 在解答词句猜测题时，我们可利用 举例说明法 来推断生词含义。以 "appliances" 一词为例，原文句子 "Many households have a variety of appliances, for example, washing machines, refrigerators, and color TVs" 中，"for example" 作为典型的举例标志词，其引导的 "washing machines（洗衣机）、refrigerators（冰箱）、color TVs（彩电）" 均属于日常生活中常见的家用电子设备范畴。由此可见，这些具体例子是对 "appliances" 的具象化说明，通过将例子进行共性归纳，我们可以快速锁定 "appliances" 的核心语义 ——家用电子设备，从而判断选项 B 为正确答案。这一过程充分体现了从具体实例到抽象概念的推理逻辑，也印证了举例说明法在破解生词含义时的有效性。 五、构词拆解法：依托词根词缀推断 【操作技巧】 通过前缀（如表示否定的 "un-"、表 "下，接近" 的 "sub-"、表 "在... 下面；低；副" 的 "sus-"）、后缀（如构成形容词表 "可... 的" 的 "-able"、构成名词表 "行为；状态；结果" 的 "-tion"）和词根（如表示 "支撑；维持" 的 "sustain"、表示 "搬运；携带" 的 "port"）的已知含义推导生词。例如，在生词 "unsustainable" 中，前缀 "un-" 表示否定，词根 "sustain" 意为 "维持"，后缀 "-able" 表示 "可... 的"，将三者含义串联，即可推出该词意为 "不可持续的"；再如 "transportation"，词根 "port" 表示 "搬运"，前缀 "trans-" 表示 "转移；跨越"，后缀 "-ation" 表示行为结果，由此可推测出该词表示 "运输；交通运输系统" 。 【阅读语段】 The company’s “Future City” idea aims to make buildings more energy-efficient. The idea is to create a city that is more sustainable and livable for future generations. What does “sustainable” probably mean? A. Able to last for a long time B. Worth a lot of money C. Easy to remember D. Popular with youth 【技巧应用】 在高考英语阅读理解中，面对生词猜测题时，词根词缀法是极为有效的解题利器。以 “sustainable” 一词为例，它由核心词根 “sustain”（意为 “维持、支撑”，常见于 “sustain life” 维持生命、“sustain an injury” 承受伤害等短语）和后缀 “-able”（表示 “能够…… 的”，如 “readable” 可读的、“drinkable” 可饮用的）构成。从字面拆解来看，“sustainable” 意为 “可维持的”。然而，仅依赖词根词缀拆解往往不够，还需结合具体语境进行精准判断。在本题语境 “Our goal is to create livable cities for future generations by developing sustainable urban systems” 中，通过 “为后代创造宜居城市” 以及 “发展…… 城市系统” 等关键信息可知，这里强调的并非短期维持，而是着眼长远、能够长期持续的城市发展模式。综合词根词缀分析与语境推理，可确定 “sustainable” 的准确含义为 “能长期持续的”，与选项 A 高度契合，成功锁定正确答案。 六、上下文语境法：依托整体语义连贯 【操作技巧】 当题目中未出现诸如 "mean"、"refer to" 等明显的词义猜测标志词时，考生可通过剖析前后文的主题连贯性、情感基调一致性或动作发展逻辑性进行词义推断。例如，在描述生态保护的文章中，若生词所在句提及 "preservation efforts" 与前文 "habitat restoration"、后文 "species protection" 形成语义链，则可推测生词与 "保护" 概念相关；又如，在记叙文里通过人物 "frown（皱眉）"、"sigh（叹气）" 等动作，结合 "disappointing news" 的情感基调，可推断描述心理状态的生词带有消极色彩。这种基于语境逻辑的推理方法，能有效突破词汇障碍，精准把握文本含义。 【阅读语段】 I have a disability,” he explained. “I always dreamed of becoming a policeman, but I’m just too short to be one.” But he never lost hope. “I wanted to prove to myself and others that I can do it,” he said. He spent four years training for the police academy exam. What does “it” refer to? A. Graduating from the academy B. Becoming a policeman C. Training for the exam D. Overcoming disability 【技巧应用】 在高考英语阅读理解的词句猜测题中，指代关系的判断是关键考点。针对这道例题，文本围绕主人公的职业理想展开，前文通过 "aspire to become a police officer"、"dream of a law - enforcement career" 等表述，反复强调 “梦想成为警察” 这一核心主题，形成强烈的语义场。而后文出现的 "training for the police academy exam"（警校入学考试训练），是朝着目标付诸实践的具体行动。在英语语篇中，代词往往承担着衔接上下文、避免重复的功能。这里的 “it” 作为关键指示代词，根据语篇连贯原则和就近指代规律，结合前文高频出现的核心语义，可精准锁定其指代对象为前文反复提及的核心目标 ——“成为警察”。这种通过把握文本主题脉络、分析前后文逻辑关联来确定代词指代的方法，不仅适用于本题，也是应对高考英语中词句猜测类题型的重要策略，故答案为 B。 七、指代还原法：遵循 “就近向前” 原则 【操作技巧】 代词（it, they, that 等）通常指代前文最近的名词或名词短语，需结合单复数和语义匹配。在实际解题中，考生可采用 "三步定位法"：首先，锁定代词所在句子，明确指代对象的词性和单复数属性；其次，按照由近及远的顺序回溯前文，优先筛选 50 词范围内的名词或名词短语；最后，将候选对象代入原句，通过语义连贯性和逻辑合理性进行验证。例如，当遇到 "they" 时，需特别注意前文复数名词，若出现多个候选对象，可借助动词时态、修饰限定词等线索缩小范围。值得注意的是，当代词出现在长难句或段落开头时，可能需要跨句甚至跨段分析指代关系。 【阅读语段】 The museum’s “Inspiring Science” exhibition features interactive exhibits. It allows visitors to explore concepts in a fun way. It is designed to inspire young people to pursue STEM careers. What does the first “It” refer to? A. The museum B. The exhibition C. An interactive exhibit D. A scientific concept 【技巧应用】 在解答词句猜测题时，遵循 "就近向前" 的核心原则是关键。通过观察发现，文中第一个 "It" 与前文的 "‘Inspiring Science’ exhibition" 紧密相邻，在位置上形成了天然的指代关联。进一步分析句子结构，后文 "allows visitors to explore concepts" 描述的功能属性，与我们对 "展览" 所具备的展示与科普功能的认知高度契合。展览作为一种展示平台，其主要目的就是通过多种形式呈现内容，让参观者能够深入探索各类科学概念，这也与文中描述的功能相匹配。基于以上逻辑分析与信息对应，"It" 所指代的内容正是 "‘Inspiring Science’ exhibition"，故答案为 B。 突破演练 1 The sun was shining, people were paddling in the sea and dogs were being walked — a typical day on the beautiful Dorset coast. Just a few minutes inland, however, history was being made. Yesterday, at the National Trust’ s Purbeck Heaths nature reserve, four beavers (海狸) were released from cages and crawled into Little Sea, a 33-hectare lake — the first to be legally released in England after a 400-year disappearance and a fight to return them to the landscape. The Trust says this is the prime habitat for them to wander free, with no fenced enclosures, full of lakes and watercourses for the beavers to make their home. The Trust has permission to release 25 on the island but is starting with four and then making more releases in coming years if this one goes well. “I feel real hope,” said David Brown, the director at Purbeck. “I’ve worked as an ecologist for 40 years and this is the most optimistic time in my career without doubt. We are visibly, measurably recovering nature and that is so exciting!” Conservationists have been campaigning for the return of the beaver for decades because it is a keystone species, whose existence allows other creatures to develop well. This is because beavers create complex wetland habitats by digging channels and pools and constructing leaky dams. Their dams can also deal with pollution, helping to clean up rivers, and prevent flooding as well as drought. The Trust has worked with local farmers and landowners to ensure the beavers do not cause unwanted disruption. Purbeck hopes it will stimulate year-round nature tourism as people come to see the beavers and the habitats they create. “We have been seeing the economic development shift from bucket-and-spade tourism to nature tourism, and that is more sustainable,” Brown said. 1．Why is the beavers’ release considered historical? A．They are the first beavers spotted in the wild. B．It marks an improvement in lake protection. C．They are reintroduced to the wild after centuries of absence. D．It offers a great chance for people to interact with them freely. 2．What does the underlined word “prime” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Perfect. B．Temporary. C．Familiar. D．Extra. 3．What aspect of the beavers do conservationists highlight? A．Their impact on the ecosystem. B．Their capability of constructing dams. C．Their adaptability to the environment. D．Their popularity among tourists. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The beavers will reach other reserves quickly. B．Beaver tourism may reshape the local economy. C．More beavers will be released next summer. D．Bucket-and-spade tourism is declining sharply. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了英格兰在400年海狸消失后，首次在多塞特海岸的珀贝克荒原自然保护区合法放归了四只海狸。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yesterday, at the National Trust’s Purbeck Heaths nature reserve, four beavers were released from cages and crawled into Little Sea, a 33-hectare lake — the first to be legally released in England after a 400-year disappearance and a fight to return them to the landscape.(昨天，在国家信托基金会的珀贝克荒原自然保护区，四只海狸从笼子里被放出来，爬进了占地33公顷的小海湖——这是英格兰在400年海狸消失后，首次合法放归海狸，也是为让它们重返自然景观而进行的斗争)”可知，海狸的放归被认为是具有历史意义的，是因为它们在消失几个世纪后被重新引入野外。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“with no fenced enclosures, full of lakes and watercourses for the beavers to make their home.(没有围栏围起来的区域，到处都是湖泊和水道，供海狸安家)”可知，该基金会表示，这是它们自由漫步的完美的栖息地，由此可知，prime的意思是“完美的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Conservationists have been campaigning for the return of the beaver for decades because it is a keystone species, whose existence allows other creatures to develop well. This is because beavers create complex wetland habitats by digging channels and pools and constructing leaky dams. Their dams can also deal with pollution, helping to clean up rivers, and prevent flooding as well as drought.(几十年来，自然保护主义者一直在为海狸的回归而奔走，因为海狸是一种关键物种，它们的存在能让其他生物良好地发展。这是因为海狸通过挖掘渠道和水池以及建造漏水的水坝来创造复杂的湿地栖息地。它们的水坝还可以处理污染，帮助清理河流，防止洪水和干旱)”可知，自然保护主义者强调了海狸对生态系统的影响。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Purbeck hopes it will stimulate year-round nature tourism as people come to see the beavers and the habitats they create. “We have been seeing the economic development shift from bucket-and-spade tourism to nature tourism, and that is more sustainable,” Brown said.(普尔贝克希望，随着人们前来观赏海狸以及它们所创造的栖息地，这将刺激全年的自然生态旅游。“我们一直见证着经济发展从传统的挖沙铲土式（普通观光）旅游向自然生态旅游转变，而且这种自然生态旅游更具可持续性。” 布朗说道)”可推断出，海狸旅游可能会重塑当地经济。故选B。 2 A new groundbreaking study reveals a landmark breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment. Researchers, led by David Baker from the University of Washington, have designed new proteins — unlike any found in nature — that can inactivate some of the most poisonous components of snake bite toxins (毒素). Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue, affecting millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization, over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually, with more than 100,000 deaths and 300,000 cases of permanent disabilities. Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present drawbacks, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties. In light of these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often bypass the immune (免疫的) system, making conventional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%. By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings. While the study’s findings are encouraging, the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future. The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments. Meanwhile, scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. 1．Which is a shortcoming of the current snakebite treatments? A．They mainly rely on animal blood. B．They are effective in certain regions. C．They can lead to serious health risks. D．They may leave toxins in patients’ bodies. 2．How did Baker’s team deal with the current challenges? A．By inventing deep learning tools. B．By identifying more snake toxins. C．By enhancing the immune system. D．By designing AI-generated proteins. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about concerning Baker’s new study? A．Its advantages. B．Its strategies. C．Its procedures. D．Its limitations. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The existing approaches are hard to change. B．The conventional treatments are out of date. C．The new methods might enlighten other treatments. D．The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一项科学家利用AI设计新型蛋白质，成功中和蛇毒的突破性研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present drawbacks, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties.(目前主要从动物血液中获取的治疗方案往往存在缺点，包括生产成本高、效率有限和严重的副作用，例如引起休克和呼吸困难)”可知，目前蛇咬伤治疗的缺点是会导致严重的健康风险。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In light of these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often bypass the immune (免疫的) system, making conventional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%.(鉴于这些挑战，Baker和他的团队已经有效地利用深度学习工具来开发能够附着和灭活毒素的人工蛋白质。这项研究的重点是一组特殊的蛇蛋白，被称为三指毒素。这些毒素经常绕过免疫系统，使传统的治疗无效。值得注意的是，新设计的蛋白质在小鼠体内对致命数量的三指毒素提供了显著的保护，使存活率从80%到100%不等)”以及第四段“The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings.(利用人工智能设计和生产这些蛋白质的效率和速度表明，药物发现过程发生了革命性的转变，特别是在资源有限的情况下)”可知，Baker的团队通过设计人工智能生成的蛋白质应对当前的挑战。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with conventional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings.(通过避免与传统抗体开发相关的漫长和资源密集型过程，这种方法可能导致更容易获得和负担得起的治疗方法。此外，新的蛋白质更小，允许更大的渗透到身体系统，迅速灭活毒素，减少损害。利用人工智能设计和生产这些蛋白质的效率和速度表明，药物发现过程发生了革命性的转变，特别是在资源有限的情况下)”可知，这一段主要讲述了AI设计的蛋白质技术相较于传统抗蛇毒血清开发的革命性优势。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, scientists believe the new methods employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges.(与此同时，科学家们相信，这项研究中采用的新方法可能对治疗其他疾病有益，可能会导致出现更便宜的药物，以应对各种健康挑战)”可知，这些新方法可能会给其他治疗方法带来启发。故选C。 3 In 2024, TIME Magazine named 34-year-old Marí a González its “Person of the Year” for her extraordinary efforts to bring renewable energy to remote Amazonian communities. Born in a riverside village in Peru, Maria grew up in a home lit by kerosene (煤油) lamps. Her father, a fisherman, often risked his life sailing through dark waters at night. When María was 12, a storm tipped over his boat. He survived but lost his sight due to untreated injuries. “I watched him struggle to relearn even basic tasks,” María recalled, “which made me promise to prevent others from suffering the same fate.” She graduated with honors after earning a scholarship to study engineering in Lima. Returning to the Amazon in 2018, she proposed solar-powered lanterns made from recycled materials. Her original model — a rusty tin can wired to a broken calculator battery — exploded during a rainstorm. Local elders doubted her “magic boxes”, and funding was scarce. María spent nights testing designs in her hut. She studied traditional basket-weaving techniques to improve waterproofing and partnered with a women’s cooperative to collect plastic waste. A breakthrough came in 2022 when she created a durable solar lamp using recycled plastic bottles and smartphone batteries donated by a tech nonprofit. Her project, Green Light, has since equipped over 200 villages with affordable solar energy. In the Yurimaguas district alone, childhood respiratory (呼吸的) illnesses from kerosene smoke dropped by 60%. Children now study after sunset, clinics refrigerate vaccines, and fishermen like her father sail safely. “The forest taught me toughness,” Maria said in her TIME interview. “Every failure was a root growing deeper, helping me stand taller.” Despite international fame, Maria rejects to patent (申请专利) her designs. “Light belongs to everyone,” she insists. Her next goal? Training 1,000 women across the Amazon to become solar engineers by 2025. Meanwhile, María’s designs have inspired similar projects in Congo and Bangladesh. “True sustainability,” she says, “is when solutions grow from the soil of a community itself.” 1．What motivated Maria to start her project? A．A family accident caused by poor lighting. B．Her great passion for environmental science. C．The severe lack of electricity in her hometown. D．Encouragement from her engineering professors. 2．What dose the underlined phrase “magic boxes” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Recycled materials. B．Broken calculator batteries. C．Maria’s initial solar lantern models. D．Containers for storing medical supplies. 3．Which benefit is NOT mentioned in the article? A．Better medical storage in local clinics. B．Enhanced safety for nighttime fishermen. C．Improved education opportunities for children. D．Equipping each village with affordable solar energy. 4．What does Maria’s refusal to register her inventions reveal about her character? A．She possesses an innovative spirit. B．She fears industrial competition. C．She values community access over profit. D．She prioritizes personal recognition. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了34岁的Marí a González为亚马逊偏远社区带来可再生能源，她利用一家科技非营利组织捐赠的回收塑料瓶和智能手机电池，创造了一款耐用的太阳能灯，造福了很多贫困人民。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her father, a fisherman, often risked his life sailing through dark waters at night. When María was 12, a storm tipped over his boat. He survived but lost his sight due to untreated injuries. “I watched him struggle to relearn even basic tasks,” María recalled, “which made me promise to prevent others from suffering the same fate.”(她的父亲是个渔夫，经常在夜里冒着生命危险在黑暗的水域航行。María 12岁时，一场风暴掀翻了他的船。他活了下来，但由于受伤未得到治疗而失明。“我看到他连最基本的任务都很难重新学习，”María回忆道，“这让我发誓要防止其他人遭受同样的命运。”)”可知，因光线不足引起的家庭事故促使玛丽亚开始她的项目。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Her original model — a rusty tin can wired to a broken calculator battery — exploded during a rainstorm.(她最初的模型是一个生锈的锡罐，连接着一个坏掉的计算器电池，在一场暴雨中爆炸了)”以及“Local elders doubted her(当地老人对她表示怀疑)”可知，她最初的模型是一个生锈的锡罐，连接着一个坏掉的计算器电池，在一场暴雨中爆炸了，因此当地长老对玛丽亚最初的太阳能灯模型表示怀疑。故划线词指的是“玛丽亚最初的太阳能灯模型”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Her project, Green Light, has since equipped over 200 villages with affordable solar energy.(从那以后，她的项目“绿光”为200多个村庄配备了价格合理的太阳能)”可知，文章中没有提到为每个村庄配备负担得起的太阳能。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite international fame, Maria rejects to patent (申请专利) her designs. “Light belongs to everyone,” she insists. Her next goal? Training 1,000 women across the Amazon to become solar engineers by 2025. Meanwhile, María’s designs have inspired similar projects in Congo and Bangladesh. “True sustainability,” she says, “is when solutions grow from the soil of a community itself.”(尽管享有国际声誉，玛利亚拒绝为她的设计申请专利。“光属于每个人，”她坚持说。她的下一个目标？到2025年，在亚马逊地区培训1000名女性成为太阳能工程师。同时，María的设计启发了刚果和孟加拉国的类似项目。“真正的可持续性，”她说，“是当解决方案从社区本身的土壤中生长出来。”)”可知，玛丽亚拒绝登记她的发明揭示了比起利润，她更重视社区使用性。故选C。 4 They say one’s trash is another’s treasure, but a chunk of “rock” used to keep a door open for decades is a treasure by pretty much any metric you might care to use. The 3.5 kilogram (7.7 pound) stone was found in a stream bed in southeast Romania by an elderly woman, who brought it home and put it to use. After the woman died in 1991, the relative who inherited her home suspected the doorstop might be more than meets the eye. So he consulted experts to find that this is not a “rock” but an amber — tree resin from millions of years in the past. Over time, the highly sticky substance fossilizes into a hard, warm-coloured material widely recognized as a gemstone. This doorstop amber is likely between around 38 and 70 million years old, categorised as rumanite, which is famed and prized for its wide range of deep, reddish colour, and this one turned out to be one of the biggest entire chunks of amber up to now in the world. Its value? Somewhere in the region of $1 million — around $ 1.1 million. “Its discovery represents a great significance both at a scientific level and at a museum level,” Daniel Costache, said director of the Provincial Museum of Buzau. Classified as a national treasure of Romania, the nugget has had a home now at the Provincial Museum of Buzau — the county in which the relic was found — since 2022. The discovery resembles that of a man in Michigan, who kept a large piece of rock as a doorstop, only to find out decades later that he was keeping his doors in place with a meteorite worth $100,000. A chunk of amber worth over a million dollars isn’t a bad score, either, really. Just imagine how many doorstops you could buy. 1．What is the author’s attitude towards this kind of discovery? A．Doubtful. B．Humourous. C．Indifferent. D．Critical. 2．What does the underlined phrase “more than meets the eye” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Looking more attractive than usual. B．Having a hidden or unexpected value or quality. C．Appearing larger in size than it actually is. D．Being more difficult to understand that expected. 3．Why is this “doorstop rock” considered a treasure? A．Because of its beautiful appearance B．Because of its unusually large size. C．Because of its gem-level and scientific significance. D．Because of its sentimental value as a doorstop tool. 4．What is the best title of this text? A．The Hidden Treasure in a Doorstop B．The Story of an Elderly Woman’s Discovery C．Amber: A Precious Gemstone D．Famous Discoveries in Romania 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了罗马尼亚一年长女士用的3.5千克“石头”门挡，竟是珍贵琥珀，价值百万欧元，2022年成国宝，入博物馆。 1．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A chunk of amber worth over a million dollars isn’t a bad score, either, really. Just imagine how many doorstops you could buy.(一块价值超过一百万美元的琥珀也不算差啊，真的。想象一下，你能用它买下多少个门挡呢。)”可推断，作者语气调侃、诙谐，可以看出作者对于这些意外发现有价值物品的情况持一种幽默的态度。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“After the woman died in 1991, the relative who inherited her home suspected the doorstop might be more than meets the eye.( 1991年这位女士去世后，继承她房产的亲属怀疑这个门挡可能more than meets the eye。)”可知，前文提到女士把这块“石头”当作门挡，而在她去世后，继承房子的亲戚怀疑它不只是表面看上去那样，也就是怀疑它有着隐藏的、意想不到的价值，这表明这个物件有着隐藏的、一开始没被发现的价值和特质。“more than meets the eye”在这里就是指有着超出表面呈现出来的、意想不到的价值或品质，B项与上下文所传达的意思相符，故选B。 3． 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“So he consulted experts to find that this is not a “rock” but an amber— tree resin from millions of years in the past. Over time, the highly sticky substance fossilizes into a hard, warm-coloured material widely recognized as a gemstone. This doorstop amber is likely between around 38 and 70 million years old, categorised as rumanite, which is famed and prized for its wide range of deep, reddish colour, and this one turned out to be one of the biggest entire chunks of amber up to now in the world. Its value? Somewhere in the region of $1million— around $ 1.1 million.(于是他咨询了专家，得知这并非一块“石头”，而是一种数百万年前形成的琥珀树树脂。随着时间的推移，这种粘性极强的物质会变成一种坚硬、色泽温暖的物质，被广泛认定为宝石。这块当作门挡用的琥珀很可能有大约3800万至7000万年的历史，被归类为鲁曼石，因其丰富的深红色调而闻名且备受珍视。而这块琥珀最终被证实是迄今为止世界上最大的整块琥珀之一。它的价值？大约在100万至110万美元之间。)”和第四段的“Its discovery represents a great significance both at a scientific level and at a museum level(它的发现无论是在科学层面还是在博物馆层面都具有重大意义。)”可知，这块“石头”实际上是琥珀，具有宝石级别的价值和科学意义而被视为珍宝。是由于其具有极高的价值和重要的科学意义，因此这块“石头”被当作珍宝。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文和第一段内容“They say one’s trash is another’s treasure, but a chunk of “rock” used to keep a door open for decades is a treasure by pretty much any metric you might care to use.(人们常说“别人的垃圾就是我的宝藏”，但一块用于几十年来保持门开启的“石头”，无论从哪个角度考量，都堪称是无价之宝。)”可知，文章主要围绕着一块原本被当作门挡使用了数十年的“石头”展开，而最后发现它其实是价值百万美元的珍贵琥珀，是隐藏在门挡中的宝藏，A项“门挡中的隐秘宝藏”这个标题很好地概括了文章核心内容，强调了原本不起眼的物品实则是珍贵之物这一关键信息，故选A。 5 UPS driver RYAN ARENS was making his rounds near a pond in Bozeman, Montana, when he heard an unearthly sound. “Like a cry for help,” he told thedodo.com, a website for animal lovers. It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry — a half-submerged brown-and-white wirehaired hound, struggling to cling to a thin layer of ice. How she got there no one knows, but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking away at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog. It was slow going, and Arens, 44, thought he stood a better chance. “Animals are my weakness,” he told the Great Falls Tribune, explaining why he stripped down to his boxers and socks, even though the temperature was in the 30s, and commandeered the rowboat. His heart thumping, Arens slid closer to the dog and used the other man’s rock to smash away at the ice. He gave one strong heave too many and slipped off the boat, crashing into 16 feet of freezing water. He resurfaced in time to see the dog going under. Using nervous energy to keep warm, he swam about five feet toward her, grabbed hold of her collar, and pulled her to the ice. He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner, a retired veterinarian. Once in the house himself, Arens jumped into a warm shower with the dog until they both defrosted. A few more minutes in the pond, the vet told Arens, and she would have likely suffered cardiac arrest. The next day, Arens was back working the same neighborhood when the dog’s owner came over to thank him for saving Sadie. “Would you like to meet her?” he asked. He opened the door to his pickup, and Sadie bolted out. She made a beeline for Arens, leaping on him and bathing him in wet kisses. That special delivery, says Arens, “was the highlight of my UPS career.” 1．How did the elderly man try to save the dog at first? A．He swam to the dog directly. B．He called Ryan Arens for help. C．He used a stick to reach the dog. D．He hacked at the ice with a rock. 2．What does the underlined word “commandeered” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．borrowed B．took control of C．repaired D．sold 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The dog’s owner lived far away from the pond. B．Ryan Arens often saved animals in his daily life. C．Sadie recognized and was grateful to Ryan Arens. D．The temperature in Bozeman, Montana was very high then. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A retired veterinarian helped take care of a rescued dog. B．A dog owner thanked a UPS driver for returning his lost dog. C．An elderly man tried to save a dog in a frozen pond but failed. D．A UPS driver risked his life to save a drowning dog in a frozen pond. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章详细描述了UPS司机Ryan Arens在听到狗的求救声后，不顾寒冷，跳入冰冷的水中，历经困难最终成功救起半淹没在冰水中的狗。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking away at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.(他乘划艇进入池塘，用一块石头凿开冰面，为狗开辟一条路)”可知，老人是划着一艘小船进入池塘，并用一块石头凿冰，试图开辟一条通向狗的路。A选项“他直接游向狗”，文章未提及；B选项“他打电话给Ryan Arens求助”，原文是Arens看到老人在施救，不是老人打电话求助；C选项“他用一根棍子去够狗”，文章也未提及；所以D选项“He hacked at the ice with a rock.(他用一块石头凿冰)”正确。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“‘Animals are my weakness,’ he told the Great Falls Tribune, explaining why he stripped down to his boxers and socks, even though the temperature was in the 30s(‘动物是我的软肋，’他告诉Great Falls Tribune，并解释了为什么即使气温只有30多华氏度，他也要脱得只剩四角裤和袜子)”以及后文的“the rowboat”可知，Arens因为动物是他的软肋，尽管温度很低，他还是只穿着短裤和袜子，然后对小船做了某个动作去救狗。结合语境，他应该是“控制、掌管”了小船去救狗。A选项“borrowed(借)”，文章未体现借的意思；C选项“repaired(修理)”，文中没说修理船；D选项“sold(卖)”，更不符合语境，所以B选项“took control of(控制、掌管)”正确。故选B。 3．推理判断题 。根据最后一段“He opened the door to his pickup, and Sadie bolted out. She made a beeline for Arens, leaping on him and bathing him in wet kisses.(他打开皮卡的门，Sadie冲了出去。她径直向Arens走去，跳到他身上，用湿吻给他洗澡。Arens说，那次特殊递送“是我UPS事业中的亮点”。)”可以看出狗直接冲向Arens并亲吻他，能推断出狗认出并感激他。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章详细描述了UPS司机Ryan Arens在听到狗的求救声后，不顾寒冷，跳入冰冷的水中，历经困难最终成功救起半淹没在冰水中的狗，选项D“一名UPS司机冒着生命危险去救一只在冰冻池塘里快要淹死的狗”准确概括了文章的主要内容。选项A：退休兽医只是在狗被救上岸后帮忙照顾，这不是文章的核心内容，文章重点在于救狗的过程，所以A选项错误。选项B：狗主人感谢司机救狗只是故事后续的一个情节，不是文章主旨，文章主要围绕救狗事件展开，所以B选项错误。选项C：文章中提到老人尝试救狗，但进展缓慢，并非失败，且重点是UPS司机Ryan Arens成功救狗，所以C选项错误。故选D。 6 In my senior-year literature class last term, I encountered a knight who defended a forgotten kingdom, a gentle grandmother who healed wounds with folk tales, and a futuristic explorer who vanished in a black hole. Once, I often found myself amazed at how my students, who brought these figures to life, grasped the essence of complex literary themes. But the situation was quite different with their first assignment, which centered on the question: “Why is literature important?” Most of the essays were barely a page long, and scarcely any had a sentence that could serve as a strong thesis statement. I was taken aback. Then it dawned on me that the problem lay in the question itself. They could have written volumes about the allure of social media, but literature, in its pure form, just didn’t seem significant to them. This had to change. As a new semester began, I asked everyone to craft a reflective essay on a literary work that had touched their soul. This time, they found the task far more engaging. For the subsequent two tasks, a drama-analysis project was followed by a poetry-creation workshop. I only stipulated that each piece should convey a deep-seated emotion. The outcomes were astounding. The students delved into a wide range of literary works and produced essays and poems, each 8 to 15 pages long, with insights that broadened my perspective and stirred my emotions. I entered the class believing that literature is important as a mirror of humanity. However, my students demonstrated something even more profound. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a year’s worth of memories filled with the realization of literature’s most profound significance — the ability to awaken dormant feelings, to transport us to unseen worlds, and to reveal the shared threads of our human experiences. 1．Who are the characters mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Senior-year students. B．The author’s relatives. C．Famous literary critics. D．Fictional personas. 2．Why did the students perform poorly in their first writing task? A．They lacked writing skills. B．They had a limited understanding of literature. C．They misinterpreted the question’s intent. D．They had no interest in the topic. 3．What does the underlined word “astounding” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Confusing. B．Impressive. C．Ordinary. D．Frightening. 4．What does the author’s experience illustrate? A．Literature can awaken deep-seated human emotions. B．Teaching literature is an easy task. C．Students prefer creative writing to theoretical essays. D．Classic literature is losing its appeal. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my senior-year literature class last term, I encountered a knight who defended a forgotten kingdom, a gentle grandmother who healed wounds with folk tales, and a futuristic explorer who vanished in a black hole.(上学期，在我任教的高年级文学课上，我邂逅了诸多角色：一位守护着被遗忘王国的骑士、一位用民间故事治愈伤痛的慈祥祖母，还有一位消失在黑洞中的未来探险家)”可知，这些角色都是文学作品中的人物，即虚构人物。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Then it dawned on me that the problem lay in the question itself. They could have written volumes about the allure of social media, but literature, in its pure form, just didn’t seem significant to them.(这时我恍然大悟，问题其实出在问题本身上。他们本可以洋洋洒洒地写上很多关于社交媒体吸引力的内容，但纯粹的文学对他们而言似乎并无重要意义)”可推知，学生在第一次写作任务中表现不佳是因为他们误解了“文学为何重要”这一问题，觉得该主题无关紧要。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The students delved into a wide range of literary works and produced essays and poems, each 8 to 15 pages long, with insights that broadened my perspective and stirred my emotions.(学生们钻研了大量的文学作品，写出了8到15页长的散文和诗歌，他们的见解开阔了我的视野，激发了我的情感)”可知，学生们深入研究了广泛的文学作品，写出了长篇的论文和诗歌，这些作品让作者印象深刻，“astounding”意为“令人赞叹的、印象深刻的”，与“Impressive”意思相近，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a year’s worth of memories filled with the realization of literature’s most profound significance — the ability to awaken dormant feelings, to transport us to unseen worlds, and to reveal the shared threads of our human experiences.(当六月最后的铃声响起时，我带着一整年的回忆离开了，这些回忆让我深刻领悟到了文学最深远的意义——它能够唤醒沉睡的情感，带我们穿越至未曾见过的世界，并揭示出我们人类经历中共通的脉络)”可推知，作者的经历说明了文学可以唤醒人类深藏的情感。故选A。 7 Ecotourism has become an increasingly popular way for travelers to explore the world while minimizing their environmental impact. Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities. The core principles of ecotourism include minimizing environmental damage, respecting local cultures, and supporting conservation efforts. Travelers engaging in ecotourism activities typically visit protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, or remote communities. They participate in activities like bird watching, hiking, or learning about traditional crafts from local residents. These experiences not only allow travelers to connect with nature but also contribute to the preservation of fragile ecosystems. One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador. Faced with threats from over-tourism in the 20th century, the government implemented strict regulations to protect the unique wildlife and landscapes. Today, visitors to the Galapagos must follow designated routes, be accompanied by certified guides, and pay a conservation fee that funds environmental protection projects. This approach has helped maintain the islands’ biodiversity while providing income for local communities through tourism. Another example is Costa Rica, often regarded as a leader in ecotourism. The country has transformed its natural resources into a sustainable tourism industry, with over 25% of its land protected in national parks and reserves. Tourists can explore rainforests, observe sea turtles nesting, or stay in eco-lodges that use renewable energy and support local farmers. This model has not only preserved Costa Rica’s natural beauty but also reduced poverty in rural areas by creating jobs in tourism. However, ecotourism is not without challenges. Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.” Travelers must be cautious and research companies before booking to ensure their tourism dollars support genuine environmental and community initiatives. Additionally, even well-managed ecotourism can have negative impacts if visitor numbers exceed the carrying capacity of an area, leading to habitat disturbance or increased waste. To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife. By making informed choices, travelers can enjoy meaningful experiences while helping to protect the planet for future generations. 1．What is the main difference between ecotourism and traditional tourism? A．Ecotourism focuses on luxury accommodations. B．Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel and environmental conservation. C．Traditional tourism only visits natural areas. D．Traditional tourism requires following strict regulations. 2．Why does the author mention the Galapagos Islands? A．To show the negative effects of over-tourism. B．To introduce a popular luxury travel destination. C．To provide a successful example of ecotourism. D．To explain how to get certified as an ecotourism guide. 3．What does the word “greenwashing” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Making false claims about being environmentally friendly. B．Using green colors in tourism advertisements. C．Planting trees to offset carbon emissions from travel. D．Implementing strict environmental protection measures. 4．What is recommended for responsible ecotourism according to the text? A．Choosing large international hotel chains. B．Exploring natural areas without a guide. C．Leaving trash in designated areas. D．Selecting locally owned accommodations. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生态旅游的特点、原则、成功案例、挑战及负责任生态旅游的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike traditional tourism, which often focuses on luxury accommodations and crowded attractions, ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local communities.(与传统旅游往往注重豪华住宿和拥挤景点不同，生态旅游强调对自然区域进行负责任的旅行，以保护环境并改善当地社区的福祉)”可知，生态旅游与传统旅游的主要区别在于生态旅游强调负责任的旅行和环境保护。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One successful example of ecotourism is the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador.(生态旅游的一个成功例子是厄瓜多尔的加拉帕戈斯群岛)”可知，作者提到加拉帕戈斯群岛是为了提供一个生态旅游的成功例子。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Some destinations market themselves as “eco-friendly” without implementing meaningful conservation measures, a practice known as “greenwashing.”(一些旅游目的地将自己宣传为‘环保’，但实际上并没有采取有意义的保护措施，这种做法被称为“greenwashing”)”可知，“greenwashing”指的是虚假宣传环保的行为，即“声称自己环保但实际上并非如此”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To practice responsible ecotourism, experts recommend choosing small-scale, locally owned accommodations, participating in guided tours led by local experts, and following the “leave no trace” principle by taking all trash with you and avoiding damage to plants and wildlife.(为了实践负责任的生态旅游，专家建议选择当地拥有的小型住宿，参加由当地专家带领的导游，并遵循‘不留痕迹’的原则，随身携带所有垃圾，避免损害植物和野生动物)”可知，文本建议选择当地拥有的住宿以实践负责任的生态旅游。故选D。 8 Do you know what percentage of your family’s total expenses is spent on food? This is the main focus of the Engel coefficient (恩格尔系数), an economic concept that describes the relationship between income and spending on food. For years, it has been considered an important measure of people’s living standards. If the figure is high, then it is often believed that the standard of living is low, as a large share of income is spent on food. However, recently a topic has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms, where many people have begun to question whether the Engel coefficient is relevant in China. One of the key reasons for this concern comes from the Chinese attitude toward food, shown by the old saying, “Food is of primary importance to the people.” This highlights the significant difference between China’s food culture and consumption habits and those of Western countries. The food culture in China is rich and diverse, and people are willing to spend more money and energy on it. “In the past, I earned 100 yuan a day and spent half of it on food. Now I earn 1,000 yuan a day, and I still spend half of it on food. Having a good meal makes my day,” a user from Hunan commented on Sina Weibo. Food in China is a science, a social activity and an art. The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are employed all over China to create healthy, well-balanced meals. Whether in a restaurant or at someone’s home, food is often the common ground over which people gather to talk and share. Many aspects of Chinese spiritual culture are connected to food, from governance to communication. Chinese traditional culture focuses on seeing society and life from the perspective of food, and Chinese people are very good at enjoying the beauty and meaning found in everyday meals. These factors make consumption habits in China different from those in other countries, making the Engel coefficient not able to completely reflect the living standards of Chinese people. Moreover, this public concern shows just how deeply food is valued in Chinese society, reported Guangming Daily. 1．Which of the following Engel coefficient figures suggests a high living standard? A．63.9%. B．42.2%. C．36.3%. D．29.8%. 2．How does the author mainly illustrate irrelevance of the Engel coefficient in China? A．By presenting data. B．By giving examples. C．By listing reasons. D．By citing quotes. 3．What do the underlined words “this concern” in the third paragraph refer to? A．Whether the Engel coefficient is relevant in China. B．Whether Chinese people are willing to spend more on food. C．Whether consumption habits are different in China. D．Whether the principles of TCM are suitable for food. 4．What does this text mainly talk about? A．Beating the economic rule. B．The importance of food in China. C．The consumption habits in China. D．Improving the Chinese living standards. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍恩格尔系数这一经济概念，以及中国民众对其在中国适用性的质疑，分析中国饮食文化等因素使其难以反映中国人生活水平。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For years, it has been considered an important measure of people’s living standards. If the figure is high, then it is often believed that the standard of living is low, as a large share of income is spent on food. (多年来，它一直被视为衡量人们生活水平的重要指标。如果这个数字高，人们通常认为生活水平低，因为收入的很大一部分花在了食物上。)”可知，恩格尔系数越低，生活水平越高。对比选项，1.8%是最低值，意味着最高的生活水平。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One of the key reasons for this concern comes from the Chinese attitude toward food, shown by the old saying, “Food is of primary importance to the people.” This highlights the significant difference between China’s food culture and consumption habits and those of Western countries.  (这种担忧的一个关键原因源于中国人对食物的态度，正如一句古语所言：“民以食为天。” 这凸显出中国的饮食文化和消费习惯与西方国家存在显著差异。)”、第五段中的“Food in China is a science, a social activity and an art. The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are employed all over China to create healthy, well-balanced meals. Whether in a restaurant or at someone’s home, food is often the common ground over which people gather to talk and share. (在中国，饮食是一门科学，一种社交活动，更是一门艺术。中医的理念在中华大地上被广泛运用，以烹制出健康均衡的膳食。无论是在餐馆还是在他人家中，食物往往是人们相聚交谈、分享生活的共同纽带。)”以及第六段中的“Many aspects of Chinese spiritual culture are connected to food, from governance to communication. Chinese traditional culture focuses on seeing society and life from the perspective of food, and Chinese people are very good at enjoying the beauty and meaning found in everyday meals. (中国精神文化的诸多方面都与饮食息息相关，从治国理政到人际交往皆是如此。中国传统文化注重从饮食的视角审视社会与人生，而中国人也十分善于从日常膳食中品味其蕴含的美好与深意。)”可知，作者通过列出“中国人对食物的重视态度、饮食的多重属性、饮食与精神文化的关联”等原因，阐述恩格尔系数在中国的不适用性。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“However, recently a topic has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms, where many people have begun to question whether the Engel coefficient is relevant in China. (然而，最近一个话题在中国社交媒体平台上走红，许多人开始质疑恩格尔系数在中国是否适用。)”以及第三段中的“One of the key reasons for this concern comes from the Chinese attitude toward food, shown by the old saying, “Food is of primary importance to the people.” (这种担忧的一个关键原因来自中国人对食物的态度，俗话说‘民以食为天’就体现了这一点。)”可知，“this concern”指代前文提到的“许多人质疑恩格尔系数在中国是否适用”这一情况。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“These factors make consumption habits in China different from those in other countries, making the Engel coefficient not able to completely reflect the living standards of Chinese people. Moreover, this public concern shows just how deeply food is valued in Chinese society, reported Guangming Daily.(这些因素使得中国的消费习惯与其他国家存在差异，进而导致恩格尔系数无法完全反映中国人民的生活水平。此外，《光明日报》报道称，这种公众关切恰恰体现出食品在中国社会受到何等高度的重视。)”以及上文对这些因素的介绍可知，恩格尔系数这一传统经济规则在中国的应用受到了挑战，由此可知，“突破经济规则”能概括文章核心。故选A项。 9 A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,” says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.” Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature. Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources. In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife. But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. 1．What does Ashley mean by “But that can be all it takes.”? A．The rangers’ work is efficient. B．The damage has been done. C．The cleanup takes a long time. D．The pollution has spread widely. 2．What is a result of foreign waste in public lands? A．A shift in animal behavior. B．A shortage of food supplies. C．A decline in bacterial species. D．An increase in conflicts between animals. 3．Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5? A．To praise their benefits to desert life. B．To highlight our ignorance of wildlife. C．To stress their significance for photography. D．To show our unawareness of nature’s sensitivity. 4．It is conveyed in this passage that we should ________. A．encourage wildlife protection B．leave no trace in the wild C．promote national park tourism D．restore ecological damage 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类活动，特别是游客在自然保护区的不当行为，对自然环境造成的负面影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. (在新墨西哥州的卡尔斯巴德洞穴国家公园，一袋掉落的薯片扰乱了洞穴生态系统。这个洞穴几乎与外界隔绝，因此引入任何外来物质都可能带来危害。)”和“The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. (这种零食会吸引微小生物，导致不必要的生长。很快，蟋蟀和蜘蛛等小动物前来觅食，从而传播了污染。公园管理员在几小时内就发现了这个袋子。)”可知，一袋薯片掉落在洞穴里，虽然护林员在几小时内就发现了薯片，但是在此之前薯片已经吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋蟀和蜘蛛等小动物也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。所以Ashley说“But that can be all it takes.”意思是损害已经造成了。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.” (留下垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，并改变它们的行为，有时甚至会带来灾难性的后果。尝到过垃圾味道并对人类构成威胁的熊可能不得不被杀死。“熊能在三周内习惯非自然的食物，”Watts说。“在这种情况下，大家都输了。”)”可知，在公共土地上留下的外来垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，进而改变它们的行为，有时还会带来灾难性的后果，比如尝到垃圾味道的熊会对人类构成威胁。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state. (“这真的很难抗拒，”Blye说。敏感生态系统面临的风险并不明显。“人们很容易想，哦，那边有野花。我不应该踩到它们，”Blye说，但这些充满对沙漠生活至关重要的微生物的微小生态系统提供了许多好处，包括减少侵蚀的风险和帮助吸收降雨，而且可能需要数百年才能恢复到原始状态。)”可知，作者提到野花是为了举例说明：人们可能知道不应该踩踏野花，但却没意识到野花所在的微小生态系统对沙漠至关重要，且恢复难度极大，即突出人们对自然敏感性的无知。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. (在新墨西哥州的卡尔斯巴德洞穴国家公园，一袋掉落的薯片扰乱了洞穴生态系统。)”、第二段“Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. (每年有超过5亿人参观美国的公共土地，这为破坏野生环境提供了许多机会。)”和第三段“Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. (留下垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，并改变它们的行为，有时甚至会带来灾难性的后果。)”以及第五段“The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. (敏感生态系统面临的风险并不明显。)”可知，文章开篇以一袋薯片扰乱洞穴生态系统为例，接着讲述了食物垃圾、生物垃圾等人类在公共土地上留下的废弃物对生态系统的危害，如改变动物行为、引入有害细菌等，还提到游客踏出小径拍照等行为对自然和野生动物造成长期损害，强调了人类活动对自然环境的不良影响。所以文章传达的是我们应该在野外不留下痕迹。故选B。 10 The convenience of modern life is nothing short of astonishing. As I write this, my phone is wirelessly sending some hits from the 1700s to my portable speaker. The fact that, as a culture, we celebrate such short cuts is understandable. That said, most people are able to sense that convenience has a darker side. Before getting into that, we’d better understand why convenience is so seductive first. We often desist doing the things we need to do to make progress. Behind every well-intentioned plan lies this horrible sense of inertia (惰性). Why is this resistance — and our corresponding appetite for ease — such an essential part of our makeup? Here, insights from evolutionary psychology (particularly the idea of“the evolutionary mismatch”) can help. The evolutionary mismatch is the idea that we colved for a hunter-gather difostyle, and that while our circumstances have changed completely, our brains and bodies haven’t. Resistance was a necessary counterbalance (制衡) to the bursts of intense activity that characterized the lives of hunter-gatherers: searching for food in driving rain, or running to escape a dangerous animal. It’s the reason we still ask: “Do I really have to be doing this? Shouldn’t I save my energy?” The people choosing to remain sheltered during snowstorms, when the prospect of obtaining food was low, were more likely to live and pass on their genes to the next generation. Since then, of course, innovation has changed things greatly. We’ve altered technology and our environments partly to serve our natural instinct (本能) to conserve energy. The question is: what do we stand to lose by following our tendency to prioritize comfort and convenience? Continually choosing the convenient path lessens your ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties. And, from an evolutionary perspective, some measure of discomfort is as crucial to our survival as rest and relaxation. Our ancestors didn’t survive purely by being lazy, but through a combination of playing it safe and taking necessary risks. This difficulty itself does shape our character. In the technological world we have fashioned, we must sometimes make conscious efforts to act in opposition to our instincts. As a culture, we must remember while convenience feels good in the moment, our capacity to adapt and overcome challenges is part of our evolutionary inheritance (遗传) too, and central to the adventure of life. 1．What does the underlined word “seductive” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Attractive and inviting. B．Useful and practical. C．Harmful and dangerous. D．Annoying and frustrating. 2．What does“the evolutionary mismatch” primarily refer to? A．The inconsistency between personal goals and societal expectations. B．The contrast between modern convenience and ancient challenges. C．The argument over the hunter-gatherer lifestyle of ancient people. D．The conflict between our natural instinct and the current environment. 3．What may prioritizing convenience in modern life result in? A．It may lead to a lack of innovation and progress. B．It may reduce our ability to overcome challenges. C．It may make us overly dependent on technology. D．It may cause a decline in physical fitness. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．The Benefits of Modern Technology B．Understanding Evolution in Today’s World C．The Dark Side of Convenience in Modern Life D．Rejecting Modern Convenience for a Better Life 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了现代生活中便利性的利弊，以及为何人们会倾向于追求便利，同时指出了过度追求便利可能带来的问题。 1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“We often resist doing the things we need to do in order to make progress. Behind every well-intentioned plan lies this horrible sense of inertia (惰性). Why is this resistance — and our corresponding appetite for ease— such an essential part of our makeup?(我们常常抗拒去做那些为了取得进步而需要做的事情。在每一个善意的计划背后，都隐藏着这种可怕的惰性。为何这种抗拒——以及我们相应的对轻松的渴望——会成为我们天性中如此重要的一部分呢？)”可知，我们天性有对轻松的渴望，所以便利对我们来说是具有很大的诱惑力的，推知seductive应是“诱人的”之意，和A项Attractive and inviting“有吸引力的”意思相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The evolutionary mismatch is the idea that we evolved for a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and that while our circumstances have changed completely, our brains and bodies haven’t.(进化不匹配是指我们进化出了一种狩猎采集的生活方式，虽然我们的环境已经完全改变了，但我们的大脑和身体却没有改变)”可知，“the evolutionary mismatch”主要是指我们的自然本能和当前环境之间的冲突。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Continually choosing the convenient path lessens your ability to deal with unavoidable difficulties.(不断选择方便的道路会削弱你处理不可避免的困难的能力)”可知，在现代生活中优先考虑便利可能会降低我们克服挑战的能力。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The fact that, as a culture, we celebrate such short cuts is understandable. That said, most people are able to sense that convenience has a darker side.(作为一种文化，我们推崇这样的捷径，这是可以理解的。话虽如此，大多数人都能感觉到便利也有其阴暗的一面)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了过度追求便利可能带来的问题，所以C项“现代生活中便利的阴暗面”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 11 In his new biography of Robert Crumb, Dan Nadel, a comics (漫画) expert, writes that his subject agreed to participate in the project under one condition: “that I be honest about his faults, look closely at his urges, and examine the racially charged aspects of his work.” Crumb, honest in his work as an underground comics pioneer, expected the same from his biographer. And Nadel fulfilled. That doesn’t mean Crumb: A Cartoonist’s life is a hatchet job. Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb’s art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. Nadel tracks Crumb’s artistic progress, from working with his brother Charles on adolescent comics influenced by childhood heroes like Carl Barks and John Stanley, to designing greeting cards for American Greetings, and finally to sinking into a boundless release of subconscious chaos. When it comes time to explore Crumb’s problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. Crumb’s work often embraced the racist prejudices he absorbed from his white, postwar American upbringing, and his art was an unpleasant reflection of those influences. According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land. Nor happy beginnings. Crumb was born in 1943 in Philadelphia, the youngest of five children in a family marked by mental illness and frequent moves. This instability shaped his early life and created a sense of disconnection that would last throughout his career. Nadel also investigates Crumb’s later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. Crumb’s fame grew, but he continued to refuse to be categorized, seeing himself as separate from the very culture that celebrated him. Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb’s career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won’t find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly. 1．What does the underlined phrase “a hatchet job” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．A careless analysis. B．A confusing overview. C．A cruel attack. D．A failed experiment. 2．How does Nadel approach Crumb’s representations of black people? A．He embraces the sad endings. B．He defends Crumb’s artistic freedom. C．He acknowledges racism and criticism. D．He separates Crumb’s views from his art. 3．What was Crumb’s relationship with the counterculture? A．He was doubtful yet part of it. B．He was angry yet influential in it. C．He was interested yet rejected by it. D．He was respectful yet distanced from it. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To analyze the underground comics movement. B．To recommend a book on a comics pioneer. C．To examine the influence of upbringing on art. D．To honor the friendship with a former colleague. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍丹·纳德尔为漫画先驱罗伯特·克拉姆所著传记的内容，包括对克拉姆作品争议性的探讨、其成长背景及与反主流文化的关系等。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Far from it, Nadel expresses intense admiration for Crumb’s art and deep sympathy for his troubled upbringing. (远非如此，纳德尔对克拉姆的艺术表现出强烈钦佩，并对他坎坷的成长经历深表同情。)”可知，画线短语与后文“钦佩与同情”语义相反，结合前文“诚实探讨缺点”的语境，可推断“a hatchet job”意为“恶意攻击”。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“When it comes time to explore Crumb’s problematic representations of black people, Nadel neither excuses the artist nor issues simple criticism. (当探讨克拉姆对黑人有争议的描绘时，纳德尔既不替艺术家辩解，也不进行简单批判。)”及“According to Nadel, essentially it is both prejudiced and blaming, pointing fingers at himself, the reader and the entire culture, and there are never happy endings in Crumb Land.”(根据纳德尔的说法，本质上这既带有偏见又充满指责，将矛头指向他自己、读者以及整个文化，而在 “克拉姆之地” 中从无幸福的结局。)可知，纳德尔承认其作品中的种族主义问题并加以批判。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nadel also investigates Crumb’s later years, including his time in San Francisco, where he became a major figure in the counterculture, but always kept questioning it. (纳德尔还探讨了克拉姆的晚年时光，包括他在旧金山的岁月 —— 在那里，他成为反主流文化的重要人物，但始终对其保持质疑态度。)”可知，克拉姆既是反主流文化的一部分，又对其持怀疑态度。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“Generously illustrated with work throughout Crumb’s career, Crumb is an artist biography that connects the work to the life story without forcing or simplifying anything. It works as cultural history; you won’t find a sharper analysis of the underground comics movement. Nadel honors the complexity of his subject, even, perhaps particularly, when it gets ugly.(这本书大量收录了克拉姆职业生涯中的作品插图。《克拉姆》是一部艺术家传记，它将作品与人生故事自然关联，既不牵强附会，也不简单化处理。它堪称一部文化史；关于地下漫画运动，你找不到比这更深刻的分析了。纳德尔尊重传主的复杂性 —— 即便（或许说尤其是）当这种复杂性呈现出不堪一面时，亦是如此。)”可知，全文围绕传记“Crumb: A Cartoonist’s Life”展开，介绍其对克拉姆艺术生涯、争议及成长背景的呈现，并评价其作为文化史和地下漫画运动分析的价值，作者不仅是介绍了这本人物传记，也表达了对本传记的欣赏和推荐。故选B项。 12 Large language models (LLMs) seem better at making people feel seen and heard than humans. This phenomenon, called “LLMpathy”, is both surprising and controversial. Some argue that computers can’t truly empathize (共情) for lack of emotion. Others are alarmed by how readily people are trading human connection for digital ones. But beyond these concerns, chatbots might offer something more practical. If they are beating us at empathy, shouldn’t we try to learn what they are doing, right? Researchers initially wondered if AI advantage lay in its unlimited attention. But that doesn’t seem to explain it. A 2024 research in Harvard Business School revealed that people’s expressing of empathy, despite increased commitments, still fell short compared to those by ChatGPT. Chatbots’ success may come from avoiding all-too-human mistakes. Chatbots’ responses stood out mainly because they focused on acknowledging feelings, unlike humans who often shared a seemingly related experience to offer solutions, unintentionally damaging the hope of being truly heard. Chatbots avoid these pitfalls. They focus entirely on the speaker. More than humans, chatbots paraphrase, acknowledge and justify how people might feel. When people adopt similar strategies, their connections strengthen. It bears noting that the AI advantage in empathetic conversations has limits. Its “paraphrase, acknowledge, follow up” may feel warm the first time, but dull the second. Most research tests people’s interactions with Chatbots just once, so AI’s edge might fade in longer, repetitive chats. Chatbots might be helpful, but they still can’t feel or truly care. The demand for AI therapists (理疗师) may be growing, but many people still prefer human support. Anyone who has repeated “agent” at a customer-service robot knows the feeling of desperately wanting a real person on the line. Some of the shortcomings of human connection are also, in fact, features. But the fact that we often must earn human empathy, and that it comes from limited beings who devote themselves to being there for us, is part of its beauty. 1．Why does AI often outperform humans at showing empathy? A．It has unlimited patience. B．It shares related experience. C．It focuses on people’s feeings. D．It prioritizes solving problems. 2．What does the underlined word “pitfalls” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Responses. B．Shortcomings. C．Experiences. D．Feelings. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Human care is irreplaceable. B．In-person chats have limits. C．Service lines benefit human. D．Emotion is enhanced by AI. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Chatbots: The New Emotional Support B．The Double-Edged Sword of Chatbots C．The Rising Demand for AI Therapists D．Learn to Be a Listener like Chatbots 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是议论文。文章围绕大型语言模型（LLMs）在共情能力上似乎优于人类这一现象展开讨论，提出了“LLMpathy”这一概念，并分析了这一现象背后的原因、争议以及其实际意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Chatbots’ responses stood out mainly because they focused on acknowledging feelings, unlike humans who often shared a seemingly related experience to offer solutions, unintentionally damaging the hope of being truly heard.(聊天机器人的回答之所以引人注目，主要是因为它们专注于承认感受，而不像人类经常分享看似相关的经历来提供解决方案，这无意中破坏了人们真正倾听的希望)”以及第四段“They focus entirely on the speaker. More than humans, chatbots paraphrase, acknowledge and justify how people might feel.(他们的注意力完全集中在说话人身上。与人类相比，聊天机器人更多地诠释、承认和证明人们的感受)”可知，因为人工智能关注的是人们的感受，所以在表现同理心方面往往胜过人类。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据前文“Chatbots’ responses stood out mainly because they focused on acknowledging feelings, unlike humans who often shared a seemingly related experience to offer solutions, unintentionally damaging the hope of being truly heard.(聊天机器人的回答之所以引人注目，主要是因为它们专注于承认感受，而不像人类经常分享看似相关的经历来提供解决方案，这无意中破坏了人们真正倾听的希望)”可知，聊天机器人它们专注于承认感受，而不像人类经常分享看似相关的经历来提供解决方案，这破坏了人们真正倾听的希望，所以是聊天机器人避免了这些缺点，推知pitfalls应是“缺点”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chatbots might be helpful, but they still can’t feel or truly care. The demand for AI therapists (理疗师) may be growing, but many people still prefer human support. Anyone who has repeated “agent” at a customer-service robot knows the feeling of desperately wanting a real person on the line. Some of the shortcomings of human connection are also, in fact, features. But the fact that we often must earn human empathy, and that it comes from limited beings who devote themselves to being there for us, is part of its beauty.(聊天机器人可能会有所帮助，但它们仍然无法感受到或真正关心。对人工智能治疗师的需求可能正在增长，但许多人仍然更喜欢人类的支持。任何对客服机器人重复说过“代理”的人都知道那种迫切需要真人接听电话的感觉。事实上，人际关系的一些缺点也是特征。但事实是，我们经常必须赢得人类的同情，而这种同情来自于那些致力于为我们服务的有限的人，这正是它的美丽之处)”可知，从本段我们能了解到人类的关怀是不可替代的。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Large language models (LLMs) seem better at making people feel seen and heard than humans. This phenomenon, called “LLMpathy”, is both surprising and controversial. Some argue that computers can’t truly empathize (共情) for lack of emotion. Others are alarmed by how readily people are trading human connection for digital ones. But beyond these concerns, chatbots might offer something more practical. If they are beating us at empathy, shouldn’t we try to learn what they are doing, right?(大型语言模型（LLMs）似乎比人类更善于让人感觉被看到和被听到。这种现象被称为“LLMpathy”，既令人惊讶，也备受争议。一些人认为，由于缺乏情感，计算机无法真正地移情。另一些人则对人们如何轻易地将人际关系换成数字关系感到震惊。但除了这些担忧之外，聊天机器人可能会提供一些更实用的东西。如果他们在移情方面胜过我们，我们难道不应该试着学习他们在做什么吗？)”可知，本文主要讲述了大型语言模型（LLMs）在共情能力上似乎优于人类，应该学习他们，所以D项“学会像聊天机器人一样倾听”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $