考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练）高一英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦6大常考话题，精选34篇各地期末真题及6篇猜想题，系统覆盖阅读理解高频考点，强化语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |历史、社会与文化|6篇（含恩格尔系数等真题）|细节理解、推理判断|围绕文化差异与社会现象，培养跨文化理解| |科学与技术|6篇（含AI应用等真题）|主旨大意、词义猜测|结合科技发展，提升信息筛选与逻辑分析能力| |自然生态与环境保护|6篇（含海洋保护等真题）|观点态度、推理判断|聚焦生态问题，增强环保意识与批判性思维| |社会服务与人际沟通|4篇（含社区服务等真题）|细节理解、推理判断|通过社会案例，培养同理心与社会责任感| |做人做事与个人成长|3篇（含个人经历等真题）|主旨大意、推理判断|以成长故事为载体，塑造积极价值观| |生活与学习|3篇（含文化体验等真题）|细节理解、观点态度|联系生活实际，提升语言应用与学习能力| |考题猜想|6篇|综合题型|预测命题趋势，强化解题策略迁移|

考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练） 目录 话题 篇目 真题实战 6大常考话题 话题一：历史、社会与文化 6 话题二：科学与技术 6 话题三：自然生态与环境保护 6 话题四：社会服务与人际沟通 4 话题五：做人做事与个人成长 3 话题六：生活与学习 3 考题猜想 Passage1-6 4 6大常考话题一:历史、社会与文化（6篇） Passage 1：8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D Passage 2：8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C Passage 3：12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B Passage 4：8．A 9．D 10．B 11．B Passage 5：32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B Passage 6：4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C 6大常考话题二: 科学与技术（6篇） Passage 1：28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D Passage 2：28．D 29．C 30．D 31．B Passage 3：12．C 13．A 14．D 15．D Passage 4：12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C Passage 5：8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B Passage 6：28．D 29．B 30．C 31．B 6大常考话题三: 自然生态/环境保护（6篇） Passage 1：32．D 33．C 34．B 35．C Passage 2：8．A 9．D 10．B 11．B Passage 3：12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C Passage 4：8．D 9．D 10．C 11．C Passage 5：12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A Passage 6：8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 6大常考话题四: 社会服务与人际沟通（4篇） Passage 1：24．A 25．C 26．A 27．B Passage 2：24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B Passage 3：4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D Passage 4：4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 6大常考话题五: 做人做事与个人成长（3篇） Passage 1：4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C Passage 2：4．D 5．C 6．C 7．B Passage 3：4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 6大常考话题六：生活与学习（3篇） Passage 1：4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D Passage 2：4．B 5．D 6．B 7．B Passage 3：4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D Passage 1：8．C 9．C 10．D 11．A Passage 2：12．B 13．D 14．D 15．B Passage 3：8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A Passage 4：4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B Passage 5：1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C Passage 6：5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练） 目录 话题 篇目 真题实战 6大常考话题 话题一：历史、社会与文化 6 话题二：科学与技术 6 话题三：自然生态与环境保护 6 话题四：社会服务与人际沟通 4 话题五：做人做事与个人成长 3 话题六：生活与学习 3 考题猜想 Passage1-6 6 6大常考话题一:历史、社会与文化（6篇） Passage 1（24-25高一下·河南郑州·期末） The Engel coefficient (恩格尔系数) is an economic idea that describes the relationship between income and consumption (消费) on food. If the figure is high, then it is often believed that the standard of living is low, as a large share of income is spent on food. However, recently a topic has become popular on Chinese social media platforms, where many people have begun to question whether the Engel coefficient is relevant (相关的) in China. As an old saying goes, “Food is of primary importance to the people.” This stresses the significant difference between China’s food culture and consumption habits and those of Western countries. Chinese people are willing to spend more money and energy on food. “In the past, I earned 100 yuan a day and spent half of it on food. Now I earn 1,000 yuan a day, and I still spend half of it on food. Having a good meal makes my day,” a blogger commented. Food in China is a science, a social activity and an art. Whether on a snack street, in a restaurant or at someone’s home, food is often the common ground over which people gather to talk and share. “Many aspects of Chinese spiritual culture are connected to food, from management to communication,” Wang Xuetai, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Guangming Daily. “Chinese traditional culture focuses on seeing society and life from the view of food, and Chinese people are very good at enjoying the beauty and meaning found in everyday meals.” These factors make consumption habits in China different from those in other countries, making the Engel coefficient not able to completely reflect the living standards of Chinese people. Moreover, this public concern shows just how deeply food is valued in Chinese society. 8．Why do many people question the relevance of the Engel coefficient in China? A．The Engel coefficient is an outdated economic idea. B．Rising living standards have weakened consumption. C．China’s economic structure differs basically from others. D．Chinese food culture and consumption habits are unique. 9．What is the purpose of mentioning the blogger’s words? A．To show the blogger’s unique consumption habit. B．To compare income growth with stable food expenses. C．To illustrate the significance of food in Chinese culture. D．To stress the importance of individual financial management. 10．What role does Wang Xuetai think food plays in Chinese culture? A．It shapes modern consumption trends. B．It connects spiritual values and social life. C．It serves as a base for traditional social practices. D．It acts as a way for management and policy-making. 11．Why might the Engel coefficient mislead in assessing Chinese living standards? A．Chinese people prefer saving to spending on food. B．The Chinese government encourages daily food consumption. C．Western countries have higher food costs compared to China. D．Food consumption in China includes cultural and social values. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·重庆第一中学·期末） Gifts shaping children’s skills carry societal weight. New research led by Mathilde Meyer and Felix Riede suggests that inadequate or outdated toys contributed to the collapse of Norse settlements in Greenland. In 985, Norse settlers from Iceland established communities on Greenland’s fertile coastline, thriving for centuries until the world entered a cold period called the Little Ice Age (1300 — 1400). While the Inuit people who arrived later survived, the Norse had to leave their settlements by 1400. Archaeologists long puzzled over why, as Norse diets increasingly included seafood — contradicting earlier theories about their refusal to adapt. To find an answer, Meyer and Riede conducted a comparative analysis of the toys from both cultures. They examined 72 toys from Norse settlements and a remarkable 2,397 toys from Inuit settlements in similar environmental conditions. The toys were divided into five categories: weapons (such as harpoons and swords), tools (like cooking pots and lamps), transport (boats and sledges), social play (dolls and figurines), and skill play (tops and balls). The results were striking: not only did Inuit children have far more toys, but the variety of their toys was also much greater. For example, while Norse children had only toy arrows, axes, and swords, Inuit children had a wide range of hunting-related toys, including bows, crossbows, and harpoons. As time went on, the gap between the two cultures in terms of toy diversity became even more obvious. From 1000 to 1200, there were 8 social-play toys in Norse settlements compared to 23 in Inuit settlements. By 1200 — 1400, this gap expanded to 11 versus 158. The Inuit continuously increased the number of toys related to sea hunting, such as seal figurines, while the Norse still focused on land-based toys like horse figurines. The researchers argue that Norse reliance on traditional toys hindered children’s ability to innovate in a changing environment. In contrast, the Inuit’s focus on diverse, context-relevant toys equipped children with adaptive skills, ensuring long-term survival. This study serves as a warning: in the game of survival, the toys children play with may shape the fate of a society. 8．What is the central mystery addressed in the passage? A．Why the Norse residents preferred farming to fishing. B．How the Inuit people maintained toy diversity over time. C．Why the Norse settlements collapsed despite seafood diets. D．How climate change affected Greenland’s early inhabitants. 9．How did the researchers carry out their study? A．By defining a new concept. B．By examining previous essays. C．By comparing climate changes. D．By investigating ancient toys. 10．What does the underlined word “hinder” probably mean? A．Promote. B．Prevent. C．Ignore. D．Determine. 11．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Besides Toys: Society’s Cultural Clues. B．Beyond Culture: the Settlement Factors. C．Rather than Climate: Toy Roles in Collapse. D．More than Play: the Skill-shaping Tools. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·河南郑州·期末）To better understand how animals like spiders communicate with pattern and color, Jenny Yi-Ti Sung, a student at the University of Cincinnati, is turning to ancient dramatic art. Sung is studying how Beijing Opera expresses details about characters to their audiences through the performers’ colorful masks (假面具). For spiders, the unique characteristics broadcast species, sex or even romantic intentions to possible mates. Similarly, in Beijing Opera, the masks give the audience clues about a character’s motive, character or virtue. “I’m interested in understanding how male spiders might use their patterns and colors to tell a female spider they’re a good mate,” Sung said. “I saw a parallel in Beijing Opera masks. How do these visual patterns develop to tell a specific identity?” Sung is investigating whether Beijing Opera masks within a particular opera are more similar or different compared with masks in unrelated operas. She compares 76 masks after standardizing their sizes, checking for patterns or special qualities in their designs. This investigation aims to show the importance of differences among characters within the same story in Beijing Opera. Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in biology (生物学). “I think it enriches science and opens up new ways of thinking about things,” he said. Facial patterns, as observed in jumping spiders and various animal species, hold biological significance in communicating information about species, sex and mate suitability. “When they live in mixed-species communities, their facial patterns develop to be different so they can recognize members of the same species at a distance,” Morehouse said. 12．What does the underlined word “parallel” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Similarity. B．Mystery. C．Change. D．Contrast. 13．What is the aim of Sung’s investigation of Beijing Opera masks? A．To find similar features among masks. B．To compare masks across unrelated operas. C．To identify the colors used in different masks. D．To explore the differences of characters in a single opera. 14．What is special about Sung’s study according to Morehouse? A．It applies to many animals. B．It covers the biological sciences. C．It brings science and culture together. D．It focuses on new conservation methods. 15．What do facial patterns help animals do? A．They confuse their enemies. B．They enable species recognition. C．They maintain harmony between species. D．They make communication between species easier. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing. Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags. Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation. Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions. Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet. 8．What major change have tea companies made in packaging? A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials. C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags. 9．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation? A．Tea herbs require more water for growing. B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently. C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment. D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation. 10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To support sustainable tea brands. B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle. C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea. D．To praise green practices in tea farming. 11．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog. C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·山东烟台·期末）Traditional sensory and consumer testing is often done in separated rooms. The issue with this is that food is not consumed in such environments, but rather in environments with various contextual elements that influence human behavior and perception (感知) of food. By not including social elements, responses from participants may not be reflective of real-life perceptions of food. Therefore, a new Ohio study aims to introduce social elements to sensory and consumer tests using immersive technologies such as video walls and VR headphones. In the study, a total of 150 participants were divided into three groups. They were presented with a carbonated cola and a flat cola in unmarked cups in three different environments: in an individual context, in a social context where pairs of participants sat side by side, and in another social context where video footage of each participant’s partner consuming a cola was played on a video wall. To record their emotional responses, participants rated their feelings immediately after tasting each cola, using a 7-point scale (量表), where I represented “extremely negative” and 7 represented “extremely positive”. The higher the score, the stronger the willingness to consume. The data showed that in the individual context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola was 4.2, while for the flat cola it was only 2.5. In the co-presence social context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola increased to 5.8, and for the flat cola, it rose to 4.1. Similarly, in the virtual social context group, the average positive response scores for the carbonated cola and the flat cola were 5.8 and 4.1 respectively. The findings suggested that positive responses to both stimuli were significantly higher in the two social conditions than in the individual condition. Notably, the two social conditions never differed on any emotional measures. “We should explore other virtual social settings and different groups (friends or strangers), and expand testing to more kinds of foods or drinks,” said Roth Goldberg, leader of the study. “Importantly, we must examine whether these findings can be practically applied in restaurants or product development.” 32．What is the main problem with traditional sensory and consumer testing? A．It is influenced by food quality. B．It ignores social contexts. C．It takes too much time to complete. D．It can’t rate emotional responses. 33．What does the underlined word “stimuli” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Types of tested drinks. B．Data collection tools. C．Pairs of participants. D．Virtual environments. 34．What can be learned from the testing? A．VR technology does not work as expected. B．The quality of cola determines response scores. C．Individual testing reflects perception of food best. D．Virtual social elements can improve drink consumption. 35．What is Roth Goldberg’s suggestion about? A．Social effects of the findings. B．Directions for further study. C．Choices of research methods. D．Involvement of more researchers. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·河南洛阳·期末）“Bike buses” are taking over neighborhoods. Many families are giving up cars and starting a morning ride with friends, biking in organized groups led by grown-up volunteers. The effort is a call to fight against climate change, encourage exercise and reduce school drop-off traffic. And both parents and kids say it just makes the children happier. Dad Devin Olson organized a bike bus for his local school zone. Olson says cycling creates connectivity between all walks of life. Six years ago, Olson partnered Minneapolis Public Schools to run a 2-mile bike bus that dropped off students at two elementary schools. So far, Olson has led 11 semi-annual bike buses that have grown from about 60 participants to nearly 150. “We meet at 8 a.m. to play soccer and eat donuts (甜甜圈),” said Olson. “Then we review safety measures and start our ride. It’s nothing but laughing and pure joy.” The group makes about eight stops along the way to pick up children, many of whom are accompanied by parents. “We want kids to celebrate going to school,” explained Olson, adding that the kids who participate enjoy opportunities to communicate with students in different grades. Luke Bormheimer co-runs SF Bike Bus, which organizes city-wide school routes, with the goal of inspiring people around the country to start bike buses. “Our first 3-mile ride included more than 100 kids, families, and adults in one trip to school,” said Bornheimer. According to him, a successful bike bus takes place on a “slow street”. The bike bus experience has comforted parents who were nervous about their children’s safety on the road. “Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school,” he said. 4．What are the advantages of “bike buses” according to paragraph 1? A．Saving transportation costs, improving road safety, and increasing car usage. B．Reducing air pollution, promoting physical exercise, and easing school traffic. C．Replacing public transportation, decreasing activities and creating job opportunities. D．Improving family relationships, encouraging sports and speeding up school drop-off. 5．What can we infer from Devin Olson’s words and actions? A．He believes bike buses mainly benefit teenagers’ parents. B．He thinks bike buses should only focus on transportation. C．He plans to reduce the number of stops for the bike bus. D．He aims to make the school trip more enjoyable for kids. 6．What’s a “slow street” most probably? A．It’s a road where traffic jams often take place. B．It’s a road that is used only by public transports. C．It’s a shared road for bicyclists and car drivers. D．It’s a safe road for those lovers taking bus rides. 7．Why does Luke Bornheimer run SF Bike Bus? A．To ensure children’s safety on roads through “slow street” routes. B．To organize school trips for over 100 kids and families in the city. C．To encourage more cities to establish bike buses across the country. D．To replace traditional school transportation with eco-friendly biking. 6大常考话题二: 科学与技术（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川成都·期末）“I’m thirsty,” a visitor told a humanoid robot standing 1.7 meters tall and weighing 65 kilograms at the 7th World Voice Expo (展览会) in Hefei, East China’s Anhui province. Without hesitation, it identified the bottle of coffee and handed it to the visitor. Besides, a range of daily necessities are now integrated with AI large language models, offering visitors exciting new experiences. For example, a smart refrigerator equipped with an AI-powered camera can suggest recipes according to the ingredients stored in it. The 7th World Voice Expo showcases over 200 AI products, including humanoid robots, human machine interaction systems and upgraded large language models. This event highlights the remarkable speed at which AI has developed and the growing popularity of its applications in various situations. iFLYTEK’s superbrain robotic platform has empowered 450 robotics companies and 15,000 developers across the country via opening up its large language model. Unitree, a Hangzhou-based robotics startup, presented its star humanoid robot, Unitr ee H1, which can move 3.3 meters per second. “We have sold more than 100 such robots, offering an insight into the huge market space for humanoid robots,” said Li Jun, head of technical services at Unitree. MiMouse, a high-tech company in Anhui, showcased its best-selling smart mouse along with a newly developed smart keyboard. Based on several large language models, they can effortlessly produce articles, create PowerPoint presentations, draw pictures and perform translations. “They can help reduce repetitive tasks for office workers,” said Feng Haihong, general manager of MiMouse, adding that they sold about 10,000 sets in less than a month. In this year’s government work report, China announced an AI Plus initiative to push the digital economy’s development. “Thanks to the AI boom (繁荣), China is now home to more than 4,500 AI companies. In the future, AI will transform industrial and competition modes as well as scientific research globally, bring changes to all professions, and most importantly, meet people’s desires for a better life,” said Liu Qingfeng, chairman of iFLYTEK, at the expo. 28．What does the underlined word “integrated“ in paragraph 1 mean? A．Combined. B．Compared. C．Tested. D．Displayed. 29．What can we know about the high-tech companies in paragraph 3? A．They receive government funding. B．They are achieving market success. C．They develop large language models. D．They are reducing labor cost in work. 30．What influence will AI bring according to Liu Qingfeng? A．The boom of digital economy. B．The disappearance of some jobs. C．The improvement of people’s lives. D．The deepening of global cooperation. 31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．AI Companies Rise in China B．Government Boosts AI Development C．Human-like Robots Draw Attention at Hefei Expo D．China’s AI Boom Sees New Wave of Applications Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东烟台·期末）Swimming robots play a key role in mapping pollution, studying water ecosystems, and monitoring water quality in sensitive areas. However, many previous devices rely on noisy propellers (螺旋桨), which can do harm to wildlife. The natural elements in these environments also challenge robotic swimmers. To address these issues, researchers at EPFL’s School of Engineering have developed a multi-functional swimming robot. Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise. This design, combined with its light weight, allows the robot to float on water and mix in naturally with its surroundings. “Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian. To drive the robot, the researchers have developed a unique electronic control system that is environmentally safe. Light sensors act as simple eyes, allowing the robot to sense and follow light sources by itself. They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests. “We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy,” says Hartmann. “The insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical, lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature.” 28．What is the unique feature of the new swimming robot? A．It can widen tight spaces. B．It can produce fresh water. C．It is propeller-powered and lightweight. D．It is noise-free and flexible. 29．What are Florian’s statements aimed at in paragraph 3? A．Describing the testing process. B．Pointing out limitations in design. C．Stressing technical advancement. D．Praising the highest moving speed. 30．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the new robot? A．Its energy consumption modes. B．Its monitoring strategies. C．Its reliability in gathering information. D．Its possible applications. 31．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A scientific journal. C．A business report. D．An official document. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Limited by fixed schedules and the same materials, traditional classrooms often struggle to address individual learning styles and frequently fail to satisfy different needs for learning. Now, educational tools powered by AI help analyze students’ strengths and weaknesses in real time, enabling educators to offer more personalized guidance. A 2023 UNESCO report revealed that schools adopting AI instructors saw a 34% improvement in math scores globally, signaling the possibility of the technology to bridge educational gaps and offer better learning resources. Initial research in the countryside of India showed a 40% reduction in dropout rates, with teachers reporting improved ability to address individual struggles. Researchers at Stanford University worked on a project and developed an AI system that tracks eye movements and response time during online learning. By studying data from 50,000 students, the AI system identifies the confusion invisible to human teachers. For instance, it discovers students’ brief hesitation in solving equations (方程), and offers targeted instruction. “It’s not about replacing teachers but giving them superhuman insight,” said the project leader, Dr. Emily Zhou. Meanwhile, a 2024 Cambridge study explored generative (生成的) AI’s role in lesson planning. Teachers input teaching goals, and the AI produces content — calibrating vocabulary for non-native speakers or creating personalized physics exercises. In a survey, 78% of educators reported saving five or more hours weekly. However, 62% expressed concerns about overdependence on AI-generated materials that lack sensitivity culturally. Researchers are now training models to recognize regional languages and traditions, aiming to balance educational gaps within different cultures. Experts predict AI could complete 30% of administrative (行政的) tasks by 2026, freeing teachers for teaching and guiding students. Challenges include data privacy and equal access to technology. As Dr. Zhou noted, “The goal isn’t perfect algorithms (算法) or replacing humans but improving human potential through thoughtful tech partnerships.” 12．What was a key-finding of the Stanford University study? A．AI could track students’ response time. B．AI could reduce students’ dropout rates. C．AI could recognize students’ confusion. D．AI could improve students’ math scores. 13．What does the underlined word “calibrating” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Adjusting accurately. B．Selecting accidentally. C．Replacing completely. D．Memorizing carefully. 14．Why are many people worried about AI-generated materials? A．They lack true emotions. B．They rely on former models. C．They contain regional dialects. D．They ignore cultural differences. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Development of AI Technology B．The Risks of AI in Modern Education C．What Challenges AI Brings to Humans D．How AI Changes Teaching and Learning Passage 4 （24-25高一下·湖南雅礼中学·期末）An experiment which saw salad seeds sent into space has given hope for the future of growing food on another planet, according to a recently-published study. The findings have appeared after two kilograms of seeds spent six months on board the International Space Station (ISS) with the astronaut, Tim Peake, as part of his Principia mission. There, the seeds could have absorbed up to 100 times more radiation (辐射) than on Earth while being influenced by the violent shaking from the stresses of space travel. When the seeds returned to Earth in 2016, 600,000 children from schools across Britain took part in an experiment, supported by the UK Space Agency, to plant them and monitor their growth, comparing it to that of seeds that had remained on Earth. The results showed that, while the space seeds grew more slowly and were more sensitive to ageing, they were still able to survive. Peake said, “When humans travel to Mars, they will need to find ways to feed themselves, and this research helps us understand some of the biology of seed storage and germination (发芽) which will be important for future space missions.” The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) tasked 8,600 schools and groups across Britain with taking part in the controlled study and recording their results as a scientist would. It was part of a project called Rocket Science, led by the RHS Campaign for School Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency. RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rocket Science experiment opened a window into space biology and allowed young people to be at the forefront of creative research.” “This research project did more than just inspire; it furthered our understanding of the challenges around growing plants in unusual environments and the possibility of growing food on long-term space missions in the future. Inspiring a new generation of botanists and biologists will remain our goal to enrich everyone’s lives through plants.” 12．What do the findings of the experiment indicate? A．Salad seeds sent into space turned out to be a failure. B．Astronauts successfully grew salad seeds on Mars. C．The future of growing plants in space looks bright. D．The radiation makes it impossible for plants to survive. 13．Which word can be filled in the blank to complete the research steps? carry the seeds into space → bring them back to Earth → ______ the growing state → make comparisons A．Update. B．Observe. C．Protect. D．Improve. 14．Unlike those on Earth, the seeds sent into space ______. A．can grow 100 times larger in size B．provide enough food for astronauts C．stop growing when returning to Earth D．are more likely to show signs of ageing 15．What can we learn from what Alana Cama said? A．Growing plants in unusual environments is no longer a challenging task. B．A new generation of botanists and biologists takes the lead in the research. C．The project inspires the interests of the young generation in creative fields. D．The exploration of growing food in space is the central mission in the future. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·河南郑州·期末）Is there food on Mars? Almost certainly not. But astronauts need to eat every day, and sending food to space is super expensive—one meal can cost $10, 000. Thus, finding a way to feed them on the trip to Mars is a really big challenge. Now, UK-based researchers think they have the solution. Dr Rodrigo, the lead researcher, says astronauts could grow their own food while flying to Mars. These researchers are carrying out a project for astronauts to produce food in a smart and Earth-friendly way, using a few special cells (细胞) and mini cell factories to create useful products. The project has now been tested in space when a spaceship took cells into orbit. The cells were in a mini space lab. It is like a small science lab in a box that lets scientists do experiments under microgravity, without the usual limits of space research. In the space lab, cells grew and produced a particular vitamin (维生素). “This material could be collected and eaten by astronauts in the space,” Dr Rodrigo said, “but the space lab is hard to bring. So we need to rethink how it may look like.” Dr Rodrigo and his team hope even a short time in microgravity will show whether their cells can produce different kinds of food, from milk products to ice cream. They also hope the technology will be applied to a wide range of industries. “In the future, when we build a base on the Moon, we'll need space labs like this to help people live there for a long time, ” he said. 8．What makes feeding astronauts on the trip to Mars challenging? A．High cost of space meals. B．Limited space for food. C．Long transportation time. D．Uncertainty of cell growth. 9．What is the purpose of the project carried out by researchers? A．To find food on Mars. B．To create food in space. C．To explore life on Mars. D．To send astronauts to space. 10．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The role of vitamin in space. B．The health problems of astronauts. C．The design work of spaceship. D．The test of the project in space lab. 11．What does Dr Rodrigo think of space labs? A．Easy to bring to space. B．Important for the Moon bases. C．Expensive to build in space. D．Difficult for humans to produce. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末）Researchers from Penn State University believe they have developed a flexible, sticker-like wearable device able to understand even the most advanced poker face (扑克脸), according to the finding published last month in the journal Nano Letters. The wearable device analyzes the tiny changes in physical responses to predict how a person is feeling. The researchers set out to create a “multi-modal sensing” device that collected several physical signals at the same time without interference (干扰). To do that, the team designed the small, sticker-like device made from thin layers of flexible metals, folded and cut into wave-like shapes. Its flexible structure allows it to continue collecting real-time data even when bent, stretched, or pulled. A rechargeable battery powers the device. Once placed on the skin, the sensors check for changes in skin temperature, heart rate, humidity (as expressed through sweat), and blood oxygen levels. Each of these signals can be linked to emotions. While each signal alone gives limited information, the researchers say measuring them all together in real time gives a much clearer picture of how a person feels. This stream of data is changed into digital signals and sent to a phone or a computer. Then, a special computer program analyzes the data to guess what emotion the person is experiencing. In an experiment with eight volunteers, people watched a series of videos that caused feelings while wearing the sticker. They were instructed to make facial expressions for emotions like happiness, fear, sadness, and anger. The device matched these expressions with 92.28% accuracy (精准性). More importantly, it also found the emotional responses with 88.83% accuracy when people watched the videos with no expressions on their faces. Though the sticker is still in the testing stages, researchers believe it could one day be a particularly useful tool to help clinicians better understand the emotional state of non-verbal patients. Early indications of mental health issues, which might otherwise go unnoticed, could be treated professionally at an early stage before those situations worsen. 28．What is a feature of the device? A．It is plastic-coated. B．It is poker-sized. C．It is solar-powered. D．It is layer-structured. 29．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about regarding the device? A．What it changes. B．How it functions. C．How it is developed. D．What it is used for. 30．What do we know about the experiment? A．It analyzed verbal responses. B．It included sufficient subjects. C．It showed trustworthy results. D．It proved effective in medicine. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A device: to analyze fitness data B．A sticker: to read hidden emotions C．A model: to replace human doctors D．A sensor: to track facial expressions 6大常考话题三: 自然生态/环境保护（6篇） Passage 1（24-25高一下山东济南·期末） Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans. We humans try to discover the routes and have drawn our own lines, but they are not clear to us because of unexpected changes in nature. To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地). The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from — including which species cross into whose national waters. “MiCO connects almost 2,000 important habitats and shows the importance of cross-boundary teamwork,” says the research team. They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others. “For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.” MiCO works to provide useful knowledge on migratory connectivity to help protect marine species. In 2023, a UN report found climate (气候) changes are having bad influence on migratory species. MiCO catches the information from different time periods and the team hopes it may be used to tell those changes in connectivity. MiCO is also expected to collect information on more migratory marine species because there is less than one-third of data collected now. “So far, the migratory information revealed within the MiCO system only touches the surface of the true connectivity of the global oceans,” the team says. 32．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By offering advice. B．By presenting study results. C．By expressing opinions. D．By giving background information. 33．What is MiCO? A．A map that humans draw to look for marine species. B．A route which guides marine species through the oceans. C．A database that shows the lines marine species migrate along. D．A system which scientists use for researches on temperature changes. 34．Why does the writer take the example of green turtles? A．To prove the harm in fishing for migratory species. B．To show the importance of cross-country teamwork. C．To share the methods of marine species protection. D．To explain the reason for marine species to migrate. 35．Which of the following can be the data MiCO collects? A．Over 10 laws are made on marine species protection. B．There are mainly 3 elephant species living on the earth. C．Leatherback turtles travel about 20,000 km from Indonesia to Oregon. D．Thousands of people visit the whale shark habitat in South Africa every year. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing. Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags. Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation. Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions. Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet. 8．What major change have tea companies made in packaging? A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials. C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags. 9．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation? A．Tea herbs require more water for growing. B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently. C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment. D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation. 10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To support sustainable tea brands. B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle. C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea. D．To praise green practices in tea farming. 11．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog. C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末）Anyone with even a passing interest in the natural world will have noticed a dramatic phenomenon this year: a lack of insects. Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. There are several probable reasons for this sudden reduction compared with typical summers. The weather has not helped, with a cool and wet spring across much of the country affecting insect numbers. But even with that factored in, this year’s sudden drop comes after many years of going down little by little. Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands, there are more practical implications. For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. The present position will hopefully last for a short time but is nonetheless a wake-up call about the degree of losses that have taken place in recent decades. One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. Nature is not just a nice thing to have: it is important for our national health, wealth and safety. Our butterflies and other insects are telling us something rather important. 12．What can we learn about this year’s butterflies? A．Their numbers suffer a sharp drop. B．Their species are rich and varied. C．They can be found in many places. D．Their migration habits have changed. 13．Why is Dave Goulson mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To suggest solutions to farming issues. B．To show insect numbers a century ago. C．To explain the impact of the cool wet spring. D．To offer evidence for a long-term phenomenon. 14．What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Effects. B．Advantages. C．Features. D．Opportunities. 15．What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A．Appreciate butterflies’ beauty. B．Wait for short-term recovery. C．Join in citizen science activities. D．Study insect losses professionally. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·河南开封·期末）With humans encroaching (侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move — it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks. Researchers looked at how 62 species of animals on six continents changed their behavior in response to human activities such as hunting, farming, and development. The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras. Once night falls, the animals surveyed became far more active than they were before humans arrived, hunting and looking for food in the dark. For example, animals that used to split their activity evenly between day and night typically increased their nighttime activity to 68%. The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. So, a deer might become more active at night simply because it sees humans hiking nearby, not because it’s being hunted. The researchers believe these nighttime behaviors not only allow humans and animals to coexist more peacefully, they may be able to give us hints as to how to plan conservation efforts accordingly, such as limiting human activity during times when a specific species is more active. But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. So, just because animals are becoming more active at night doesn’t mean they’ve escaped the influence of humans. 8．Why are animals becoming more active at night? A．It is easier to find food at night. B．It is easier to escape being hunted. C．They have got used to nightlife. D．They can be less affected by human. 9．How did researchers collect data in the study? A．By training animals to respond to human activities. B．By calculating the economic costs of human activities. C．By comparing animal behaviors in different continents. D．By applying tracking technologies like GPS and cameras. 10．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Deer can get used to nightlife easily. B．Animals should stay away from humans. C．Any human encroachment can affect animals. D．Animals can be affected only when being hunted. 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．The benefits and risks of animals’ nightlife style. B．Animals should be well protected before it is too late. C．Animals move to nightlife due to human encroachments. D．Animals have their own ways to get used to life changes. Passage 5 （24-25高一下·河南洛阳·期末）If you live in Singapore, you may have heard the adults in your family complaining about having to pay five cents for each disposable (一次性的) plastic shopping bag the supermarket. Why are supermarkets now charging for a plastic bag that used to be free? Every year, about six billion kilogrammes of rubbish ends up in the oceans. Most of this is plastic, and about sixty percent comes from the Asia-Pacific region. Some of the ocean plastics in Southeast Asia come from local consumers, but a lot of them are also exported into the region by some rich, developed countries, who do not wish to deal with their own rubbish, so they send it to developing countries with weaker regulations. Most plastic waste cannot actually be recycled because it is too dirty or mixed with other materials. In Singapore, waste is burnt, which contributes to air pollution. In other countries, rubbish is done with in landfills, which can pollute surface and groundwater resources, or might be dumped (丢弃) illegally in rivers. Plastic waste is dangerous to marine life as it can cause animals to choke. It slowly breaks apart into little pieces called microplastics, but cannot break down completely. Microplastics are swallowed by the tiniest micro-organisms and even end up in our food and bodies. However, it is not all doom and gloom. As mentioned at the beginning, charging consumers for plastic bags is an effective way to cut down on the amount of plastic that is thrown in rivers and the sea. Another way to stop plastic from entering the ocean is placing traps in rivers, such as the Interceptor, a rubbish collector, in Klang River, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In this system, floating booms (水栅) channel rubbish into the collector that collects it, and this enables rubbish to be done with properly. 12．How much of the rubbish in the oceans each year is from the Asia-Pacific region? A．About 2 billion kilogrammes. B．About 3.6 billion kilogrammes. C．About 16 billion kilogrammes. D．About 60 billion kilogrammes. 13．What may be written between paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A．How plastic waste in the sea can be recycled. B．How microplastics in the sea come into being. C．How plastic in the sea affects animals and humans. D．How we can prevent plastic from getting into the sea. 14．What does the underlined part “doom and gloom” in the last paragraph mean? A．Excitement and joy. B．Surprise and curiosity. C．Success and achievement. D．Sadness and depression. 15．What’s the function of the booms? A．They direct and send rubbish towards the collector. B．They break down the plastic waste into small pieces. C．They move and catch plastic waste on the water surface. D．They prevent plastic waste from flowing along the water. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·安徽联考·期末）The vast area of Patagonia remains mostly unaffected by men, but oil pollution, long-time climate change and local fisheries still pose many risks to the millions of Magellanic penguins (企鹅) that return there to breed (繁殖) and nest each year. “They are the lords of this place,” says Pablo Borboroglu, the founder and president of the Global Penguin Society. “Most people think that there are only three or four species of penguins and they all live on ice because of movies or cartoons,” he says, but these assumptions are far from true. Of 18 species of penguins, only four are limited to Antarctica. “The penguins that are facing more problems are the ones that have to coexist with the humans,” he notes. Borboroglu thinks that mutually beneficial coexistence between humans and animals is essential for the penguins’ survival. His team promotes eco-tourism and fosters conversations with governments and entrepreneurs (企业家) . In many developing countries, leaders want to help save species, but hard financial realities sometimes get in the way. Still, there are victories. Ten years ago, Borboroglu and his team discovered a new group of penguins. There were only six pairs. So, his team made a plan to reward locals. They pushed to establish an ecotourism operation, and worked with locals on management plans. The effort created jobs for people and generated local interest in the penguins. Ten years later, they counted almost 2,600 pairs, and the number continues to grow. Borboroglu also firmly believes that investing in public education will ensure lasting impact, especially among young people. So, he designs education programs teaching an appreciation of penguins and their needs, knowing that these children will someday be future leaders. 8．What’s the common misunderstanding about penguins? A．All of them live on ice. B．There are 18 species on the Earth. C．They are facing survival problems. D．Only 4 species live on Antarctica. 9．Which may Borboroglu agree with about the penguins’ survival? A．Entrepreneurs should help with financial difficulties. B．Developing countries should do more to save penguins. C．Governments should control the development of tourism. D．Humans should coexist with penguins in a friendly way. 10．Why does the author make a comparison in Paragraph 4? A．To show penguins’ ability to breed. B．To prove the achievement the team got. C．To inspire people’s interest in penguins. D．To introduce ways to protect penguins. 11．What will Borboroglu do to continue protecting penguins? A．Choose the future leaders. B．Build colder habitats for penguins. C．Raise money for penguins. D．Promote education projects among the young. 6大常考话题四: 社会服务与人际沟通（4篇） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东烟台·期末）Madagascar is home to amazing forest ecosystems, many of which are at risk due to human activities. UNESCO’s professional training programme is giving hands-on skills to over 60 young people, unlocking new careers with environmental efforts. Jean, a young local guy, worked for a long time as a day labourer, taking on various dangerous jobs in construction. “I could only earn about $7 per day at such dangerous conditions,” he explains. His situation changed completely when he joined UNESCO’s BIOCOM project training programme, which aims to give job choices of preventing the destructive use of forest resources and supporting environmental protection for communities living in and around Madagascar’s national parks. After the training, Jean became a metalworker and created eco-friendly park facilities, like trash bins and signposts, reducing wood consumption. He now earns $20 daily, proving green jobs pay better and protect forests. Despite Jean’s individual success, there are broader challenges. In his community, many young people face challenges in completing education and obtaining training. Half of those who enter secondary school fail to graduate. Lacking opportunities, many turn to harvest resources directly in the surrounding national parks, often in unsustainable ways, which threatens the other two BIOCOM project sites: Marojejy National Park and Andohahela National Park, both of which have been on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2010. UNESCO’s program equips regional youth with skills for green careers. This helps prevent unsustainable local practices, such as cutting down trees illegally and overuse of firewood. For Jean, the impact of these training programs goes beyond himself. “Thanks to these training programs, we’ve become pioneers, showing the young in our villages that other career paths are out there and within reach,” he said. Jean’s example shows sustainable work can rebuild communities. UNESCO’s training programme in Madagascar lights hope, benefiting both the young and the environment in the long run. 24．What does Jean think of his previous work? A．Risky and low-paid. B．Pioneering but boring. C．Stressful and fast-paced. D．Meaningful but time-consuming. 25．What’s the purpose of the training programme? A．To better locals’ living standards. B．To advance the tourism industry. C．To provide environmental career options. D．To help the young complete education. 26．Why are the two national parks mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To prove the necessity of the project. B．To highlight young people’s preference for them. C．To compare their roles in conducting the project. D．To call for international attention to park maintenance. 27．Which of the following can describe the programme? A．Temporary. B．Far-reaching. C．Short-sighted. D．Entertaining. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末）In Tallahassee, Florida, there’s a high school science teacher named Yennifer Castillo, who reshapes not just classrooms but college students’ future. For Castillo, teaching is to make a dream come true. She devotes herself to decorating her classroom each summer, inspired by the teachers she had when growing up. She documents her beautifully handmade classroom decorations based on favorite childhood shows and movies such as Lilo & Stitch and posts videos on social media, making herself a hit. She believes in the power of applying social media to inspiring others. However, it is far from easy. She says it typically takes the entire summer to prepare, and she spends between $300 and $400 each school year. But it’s totally worth it, as she adds, to make her students welcome and comfortable and know someone takes the time to invite them in. Castillo is also making a lasting impact beyond her school walls, with her masterpiece Annual College Essentials Basket Giveaway. Since 2018, she has collected and donated baskets filled with necessities like sheets, comforters, and school supplies to first-year college students. “I started this giveaway because I know firsthand how tough it can be to start college without the basics.” Castillo says, drawing from her own story. Her mission is clear: to reduce financial burdens and remind them they’re never alone. This year, she’s invited the world to join her through a GoFundMe campaign, expanding the ripple (连锁反应) of kindness. As Castillo puts it, “It doesn’t matter how far you go in life. You can always give back to your community. If everyone does just one act of kindness, the world will be a better place.” 24．What makes Castillo popular on social media? A．Making donations to students. B．Posting comments on movies. C．Sharing her decoration videos. D．Displaying her growth stories. 25．What does Castillo think of her decorations in the classroom? A．Showy but thoughtful. B．Self-created and low-cost. C．Traditional and invaluable. D．Time-consuming but rewarding. 26．Why did Castillo start the Annual College Essentials Basket Giveaway? A．To achieve her childhood dream. B．To seek more aid for her project. C．To back college freshmen in need. D．To broaden social media influence. 27．What can we learn from Castillo? A．Still waters run deep. B．No act of kindness is ever wasted. C．Wealth makes charity. D．No way is impossible to courage. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽联考·期末）IShowSpeed is a 20-year-old YouTuber from the U. S., who went viral during his recent trip to China. His videos from this trip got millions of views and not just on YouTube, but also reposted across Chinese social platforms like Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, and Douyin. The Chinese Embassy in the U. S. posted about Speed’s China trip really on Twitter. Speed’s China trip showed people a different side of China — warm, real, full of life. People call him “Jia Kang Ge” because he is extremely energetic in front of the camera, always jumping around and shouting. Netizens gave him this nickname as a playful joke, but it also carries a sense of affection. The literal meaning of “Jia Kang Ge” is hyperthyroidism.  Basically, hyper energy and chaotic charm. Speed, an American YouTuber, has gained immense attention for his travel experiences in China. One of his livestreams from China hit three million views. He not only visited multiple cities but also immersed himself in the local culture. He wore a big floral padded jacket, tried stinky tofu, and danced in public squares with kids. He walked the streets of Chengdu, surrounded by fans. He wasn’t just a tourist snapping pictures. Even though he is an international star, in China, he was completely natural — zero celebrity distance. People find him down to earth. Netizens say he is “crazy but real”. The way he genuinely explored China made a lot of people think:“Maybe we should be more open to other cultures, too.” One of the netizens says, “You can feel his sincere curiosity and reactions. China stream has been by far the best stream ever for Speed. He went up against a lot of pressure not to go to China, but he did. It turned out amazing.” 4．What does the nickname “Jia Kang Ge” reflect about Speed? A．His popularity among netizens. B．His energetic character and charm. C．His love for jumping and shouting. D．His physical illness and hyper energy. 5．What docs the underlined word  “immense” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Little. B．Moderate . C．Negative. D．Huge. 6．What did netizens think of Speed’s exploration in China? A．It was funny but real. B．It had a positive influence. C．It was fruitless and stressful. D．It proved to be a waste of time. 7．What is the text about? A．The Chinese Embassy posted a trip on YouTube. B．The origin of a unique nickname of an American. C．An American YouTuber adapted to Chinese culture.· D．A young YouTuber’s journey in China and its impact. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·河北石家庄·期末）As 18,000-plus hockey fans filed into climate Pledge Arena for the Seattle Kraken’s first-ever home game, Brian Hamilton, one of the support staff members for the visiting Vancouver Canucks, lay out the team’s hockey sticks, masks and bottled water. As he did so, he didn’t notice the woman, Nadia Popovici, who took the seat directly behind him. Nor did she pay much attention to him. That would change soon enough. Halfway through the action, Popovici’s eyes locked onto something odd on the man sitting with the Canucks players. Through the stadium glass, she spotted an ugly-looking mole(痣) on the back of Hamilton’s neck: reddish and raised with an irregular border. She had seen plenty like it as a hospital volunteer and soon-to-be medical student, so she was pretty sure it was a cancerous mole. What she wasn’t sure of was how to approach Hamilton. “It’s so uncomfortable to have something on your body pointed out,” she told the Seattle Times. But she knew she had to say something. As Hamilton lingered near the ice between periods, Popovici, dressed in Kraken kit, tapped on the glass, keyed in a message on her phone and held the screen against the barrier: “The mole on the back of your neck looks like it might be cancerous. You might want to go see a doctor!” Hamilton glanced at the brightly lit message for only a second. That’s strange, he thought. Walking away, he uneasily rubbed the back of his neck. A few days later, he visited the Canucks’ doctor, who agreed that the mole looked alarming and ordered a tissue examination. It came back positive — life-threatening if left unattended. Hamilton had the mole removed, and his recovery is excellent. “She took me out of a slow fire,” says Hamilton. “The words out of the doctor’s mouth were if I ignored that for four to five years, I wouldn’t be here.” The two connected at the next Canucks-Kraken matchup, where Hamilton was able to express his heartfelt gratitude to his guardian angel in person and tell her that his mom loves her. No thanks were necessary, Popovici told the Athletic, “It was just one moment in our lives where we crossed paths at the right time.” 4．What was Brain Hamilton? A．An assistant. B．A coach. C．A player. D．A doctor. 5．How did Nadia Popovici warn Hamilton? A．By passing a note. B．By informing a doctor. C．By typing a message. D．By telling him directly. 6．What was the result of Hamilton’s tissue examination? A．The mole was cancerous. B．He needed further tests. C．The mole was incurable. D．He needed regular treatment. 7．What can we infer from Popovici’s words in the last paragraph? A．She regretted not acting sooner. B．She wanted Hamilton to thank her. C．She believed it was pure coincidence. D．She planned the encounter in advance. 6大常考话题五: 做人做事与个人成长（3篇） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·重庆第一中学·期末）In a quiet corner of Montreal, Canada, 72-year-old Elaine McBride has spent the past decade breathing new life into abandoned books. Her small basement workshop, lined with shelves of torn classics and water-stained novels, is a haven for literature that others regarded beyond repair. “Every book has a story worth preserving,” she says, her fingers brushing the worn cover of a 1940s edition of Pride and Prejudice. McBride’s mission began accidentally. After retiring from her job as a librarian, she came across a pile of damaged books destined for landfill. Horrified by the waste, she taught herself bookbinding and restoration techniques through online tutorials and old craft manuals. “I started with glue and patience,” she laughs. Now, her tools include specialized paperweights, acid-free adhesives, and a vintage press passed down from her grandfather. Over the years, McBride has restored over 2,000 books, donating most to community centers, schools, and prisons. One of her most memorable projects was reviving a fire-damaged copy of The Little Prince for a local children’s hospital. “The child who received it traced the charred (烧焦的) pages and said, ‘Now it’s like me — burned but still loved,’” she recalls. Her work has also inspired a group of teenagers from a nearby high school to join her, learning the art of restoration while listening to her stories of literary history. McBride’s efforts highlight a quiet revolution in a digital age: the belief that physical books hold irreplaceable value. “In a world of screens, these pages are tangible memories,” she says. Though her hands now ache after long hours, she shows no sign of slowing down. “Each book I save is a promise that stories outlive their shelves.” 4．What inspired Elaine McBride to start restoring books? A．A desire to teach others craft skills. B．The sight of books being thrown away. C．Her grandpa’s old bookbinding tools. D．A childhood love for classic literature. 5．Why does the author mention the fire damaged The Little Prince? A．To illustrate McBride’s technical skills. B．To stress the emotional impact of her work. C．To compare different restoration challenges. D．To show the popularity of children’s books. 6．What can be inferred from the words of McBride in paragraph 4? A．Stories need new bookshelves to stay popular. B．Damaged books can hardly carry any stories. C．McBride promises to keep worn books restored. D．Physical books can go beyond the physical form. 7．Which words best describe Elaine McBride? A．Brave and responsible. B．Selfish and greedy. C．Patient and generous. D．Ambitious and decisive. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末）After 25 years, of professional experience, Brandi Fields thought she wouldn’t get back to campus again — until her son Kyle’s transformation at Texas Christian University (TCU) made her see education in a new light. The mother and her son will strengthen their connection even more at this week’s spring graduation ceremony, as they honor their achievement of earning graduate degrees at the same time. Brandi, 50, and Kyle,.22, will walk across the stage together to accept their respective graduate degrees, with their family and friends cheering them on from the audience. Kyle began his undergraduate studies at TCU in the fall of 2020. Soon after, his family moved to Fort Worth, motivated to be closer as a family. In May 2023, Kyle earned his bachelor’s degree (学士学位) in communications and a minor in business. In fall 2023, both mother and son were back in the classroom — Brandi joined the EMBA program and Kyle began the master’s degree program with AddRan College of Liberal Arts. Brandi said her new college experience brought immersive (沉浸式的) learning, late night readings and a transformative study abroad trip to South Africa. Through it all, she described feeling deeply supported by her family and the remarkable EMBA academic (学术的) team and staff who shaped her experience to be impactful and unforgettable. Outside the classroom, Brandi and Kyle found a lot of moments of connection. “Spending time together, just doing homework on the sofa gave us a lot of time, a lot of things to connect through,” Kyle shared. About this week’s spring graduation ceremony, Brandi said she’s not yet sure how she’ll react on that day, but she knows there will no doubt be tears as she cheers on her son as he walks across the stage. For her to be doing it in her own cap and gown (长袍) from the floor of Ed and Rae Schollmaier Arena will make that a unique memory she’ll value forever. 4．What made Brandi decide to return to school? A．The invitation from TCU. B．A must for her career advancement. C．A desire to strengthen family relationship. D．Inspiration from her son’s academic journey. 5．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．Adaptation challenges in college. B．Completion of a bachelor’s degree. C．Shared engagement in high education. D．A relocation decision for family bonds. 6．Which of the following can best describe Brandi at college? A．She actively took part in various social activities. B．She put academic excellence before family time. C．She achieved family harmony and academic success. D．She struggled with course demands more than Kyle did. 7．What message does the author want to deliver? A．Age is no wall for a learning call. B．Learning together, bonding stronger. C．Home environment shapes child’s growth.. D．Sharing interests, deepening understanding. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·辽宁沈阳·期末）From the concert halls of Europe to the tech industries of the United States, C． J. Santos has created a story across the globe. Born in Brazil, Santos moved to Switzerland at the age of 18, and earned degrees in both music performance and business administration there in the university. During his next 10 years of “intense” career as a professional musician, he spent most of his time on the road. “I had the honor to perform in the top concert halls in Europe,” Santos said. “It really wore me out to be constantly traveling and performing, but it allowed me to see the world and understand it in its full diversity. This was a unique experience, and I carry its benefits with me to this day.” Through these experiences, Santos was able to become fluent in six languages. With these skills under his belt, Santos worked with his wife, who is also fluent in four languages, to develop a small translation business. “Running it with no previous business experience was a challenging but exciting learning-by-doing experience,” Santos said. “In addition, the translation industry experienced a massive digital transformation in the last decade.” This brought Santos to an MBA/M. S. program in business analytics and information management, where he got rich experience, knowledge and perspectives in different industries. The program provided him with something he clearly enjoys in life: variety. “It helped me take the most advantage of the translation industry’s digital transformation. What I gained from the program is more than what I managed in the 15 years in Europe,” he added. As Santos continues to grow his business, he’s also working as an advisor. “The world’s digital transformation has advanced at high speed,” he said. “To me, it’s very exciting to be a valuable resource to those who need help to jump onboard the digital express (数字快车).” 4．What did Santos think of his career as a musician? A．innovative but stressful. B．Unique and enjoyable. C．Tiring but rewarding. D．Demanding and fruitless. 5．What drove Santos to take up the MBA/M. S. program? A．His strong desire for a Master’s Degree. B．The challenge from starting a new business. C．His lack of education background in business. D．The demand for a learning-by-doing experience. 6．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The great variety Santos enjoys in life. B．The application of digital transformation. C．The benefits Santos got from the program. D．Santos’s viewpoint on translation industry. 7．In which aspect does Santos probably offer help as an advisor? A．Digital solutions. B．Business analysis. C．Translation skills. D．Resources management. 6大常考话题六：生活与学习（3篇） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）When 14-year-old Clara opened the dusty box in her grandmother’s room, a cracked violin lay inside. Two strings were missing, and the wood had faded, but it still looked elegant. Though her parents often said, “Focus on math and science, not daydreams,” she felt a connection to the instrument. Each night after homework, she secretly cleaned it with a piece of cloth. At school, Clara borrowed library books on violin repair. She learned to replace strings using spare parts from broken guitars. When she needed better tools, she offered to do the cleaning at Mr. Thompson’s music shop every Tuesday. Finally, the violin came back to life. The kind owner taught her how to maintain the violin and how to play it. For months, her fingertips hardened from pressing the strings. Her progress was slow but continuous. Still, she didn’t tell her parents about her secret practice. The turning point came on a rainy April evening. Hearing a beautiful folk tune coming out of her room repeatedly, her mother stopped outside her door. “Why not join the community concert?” she suggested hesitantly. Clara’s heart raced — she got support. On the performance day, her father joked backstage, “Play loud enough for Grandma to hear,” hiding his nerves. Clara’s performance of Amazing Grace began shakily, but as memories of her restoration efforts and Mr. Thompson’s patience surfaced, she became more confident and played the tune more skillfully. Midway, she noticed her grandmother wiping tears, and her parents holding hands. The applause sounded like summer thunder. Now, the repaired violin has above Clara’s desk. Her parents still remind her to study, but they also save concert notices from newspapers. “Maybe music and math aren’t so different.” her father joked recently. “Both need practice and heart.” 4．Why did Clara hide her violin practice at first? A．She feared damaging the instrument. B．She lacked proper training resources. C．Her parents valued study over music. D．Her grandmother disliked loud sounds. 5．When did Clara’s family begin to change their attitude? A．After she replaced the strings. B．After her dad joked backstage. C．After her mom heard her practice. D．After she performed in the concert. 6．What did the audience think of Clara’s performance? A．Shaky. B．Impressive. C．Sad. D．Imaginative. 7．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Music wins. B．Talent wins. C．Memory lasts. D．Effort counts. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东广州八区·期末）On a cool September evening, I found myself seated around a worn wooden table at a Dungan family’s home in Kyrgyzstan, surrounded by travelers from Spain, Canada, and Russia. The table was set with slices of watermelon as well as cucumber and tomato salads. Our hostess Mrs.Zhang then served us a bamboo basket of steaming jin momo — soft buns similar to Chinese baozi — while explaining how her ancestors had brought wheat growing techniques from northwestern China during the late 19th century. Soon the table was filled with dishes telling silent stories: cucumber salads carrying Gansu flavors and lagman noodles mixing Central Asian vegetables with Shaanxi hand-pulling techniques. As people drank tea and talked in different languages. I gradually understood this gathering was more than a meal. The Spanish architect beside me was amazed at how food could preserve cultural codes across centuries and borders. The Canadian teacher noted that Mrs. Zhang’s kitchen — where Chinese chopping knives met Kyrgyz clay pots — mirrored today’s globalized world. The scene reminds me of Lisa Kyung Gross’ research in New York. Her documentation of immigrant chefs shows food’s double magic: Spanish bakers reinvent date cookies by dipping them in Belgian chocolate, adding new charm and flavors to traditional food. As Gross poetically notes, every bite contains layers of history, yet remains open to new understandings. Perhaps this food magic explains why UNESCO lists 38 food traditions as Intangible Cultural Heritage From Japanese seasonal philosophy to Italian pizza-making skills, these living traditions show how cooking practices maintain identities while encouraging dialogues. That night in Dungan House, the Russian software engineer’s laughter as he struggled with chopsticks perfectly conveyed the message — cultural exchange isn’t about perfection, but shared humanity. 4．What does Mr. Zhang’s explanation of jin momo show? A．The mixture of cooking styles. B．The spread of Chinese farming skills. C．The friendship between two countries. D．The development of traditional Chinese cuisine. 5．Which is the focus of Lisa Kyung Gross research? A．Heritage protection. B．Home-based recipe. C．Cultural shock. D．Immigrant adaptation. 6．What can we learn from the Russian engineer’s experience? A．Laughter helps to overcome cultural shock. B．Communication matters more than correct use. C．Traditional table manners carry humanity code. D．Cultural exchange requires perfect understanding. 7．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．Ta explain how UNESCO protects cultural heritage. B．To discuss food as a bridge between different cultures. C．To describe the cooking techniques of Dungan families. D．To compare different food traditions in Asia and Europe Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙外国语中学·期末）Jake Lee Pinnick is busy preparing food, clothing and house decorations, putting up couplets and visiting friends with his family to celebrate the Spring Festival, or the Chinese Lunar NewYear. In 2010, the 32-year-old American traveled to the Wudang Mountains, a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in central China’s Hubei Province, to learn martial arts. Pinnick said he was very interested in Chinese Kung Fu from a young age. When Pinnick first arrived in the Wudang Mountains, he had no earlier training or martial arts experience, so he began with a five-year training program, learning the basics and all aboutTaoist culture. Pinnick said the first six months were the hardest, because he had to train for eight or nine hours, six days a week, whatever the temperature outside. After over a decade of hard training, he has mastered various forms of Chinese Kung Fu, including Tai Chi and Qigong, and become a guider with about 200 apprentices (学徒) in China. This year is the 13th Spring Festival that Pinnick has spent in China. He likes the Spring Festival and the traditions here. He also teaches his daughter Selina Lee Pinnick these traditions. As the new year begins, people are starting new chapters in their lives and making resolutions. Pinnick also has many plans and wishes — he plans on making more efforts to learn the Chinese language this year. In addition to learning Chinese, Pinnick will continue to learn about traditional Chinese culture and how to play Chinese musical instruments in his leisure time, and he will share his experience on social media. “I think that the experience I’ve had, being a foreigner coming to China and learning the culture from outside, is unique. I hope to introduce Chinese Kung Fu and traditions to more westerners,” he said. 4．What was Pinnick’s main reason for traveling to the Wudang Mountains? A．To learn Chinese Kung Fu. B．To know about Taoist culture. C．To visit some places of interest. D．To celebrate the Spring Festival. 5．Which of the following best describes Pinnick? A．Well-rounded. B．Generous. C．Hardworking. D．Selfless. 6．What can we infer about Pinnick according to the article? A．He planned to open a Chinese Kung Fu school. B．He became skillful at different kinds of Kung Fu. C．He asked his daughter to learn Chinese musical instruments. D．He practised Kung Fu before coming to the Wudang Mountains. 7．Why does Pinnick hope to share his experience on social media? A．To become famous online. B．To take in more apprentices. C．To show off his unique experience. D．To act as a bridge between cultures. Passage 1 Do you often use the words “tapestry” “delve” or “testament” in English? Many of us would say no. These words aren’t among the “Top 500 spoken words” — a list of the most common English words. However, these words are becoming more common in some written content, as a study in 2024 found that five percent of all articles published on a research site used the word “delve.” In 2022, it was less than one percent. Since ChatGPT was released to the public in November 2022, we’ve seen that artificial intelligence (AI) favors certain words. Why does ChatGPT prefer these words? The answer is actually very human. While ChatGPT seems to think for itself, what it really does is analyze a very large amount of human-generated information, and use the data to spit out answers to our enquiry (询问). It doesn’t actually understand what it’s telling us. The process of rating AI responses, as part of training the software, is called “reinforcement (强化) learning from human feedback”, and this provides the first clue about why ChatGPT favors certain word. It’s not cheap to employ a lot of testers to rate thousands of responses from Al. So, big companies outsource these jobs to lower-income countries, often places where English is not the first language. One such country that offers cheap labor is Nigeria, and in Nigerian English, “delve” is a common word in professional settings. So, when Nigerian testers tell Al which responses sound natural, their own linguistic preferences come through. As AI-generated content becomes more common, will it also affect the way we speak to each other? In some ways, AI has already left its mark. Of course, language is a living thing, often affected by current events and by new technology. The point is that language is always updating itself, and how we use language is affected by the people we talk to and by the media we consume. As AI-generated media spreads, it is possible, even likely that AI will affect the development of our own vocabulary. 8．Why does the author mention the words we don’t often use? A．To show the varieties of language. B．To warn readers of AI’s threat to language. C．To raise readers’ interest in language change. D．To introduce a study in language development. 9．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．AI’s answers are directly written by humans. B．AI is specially designed to think like humans. C．AI depends on human to develop its language. D．AI understands human language independently. 10．Why does AI favor certain uncommon words? A．Spoken English has been used to train AI. B．AI tries to have impact on human language. C．Companies develop strange language models. D．Non-native English speakers work as AI trainers. 11．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．AI plays an important role in language development. B．New technology reduces the number of English words. C．Language pushes the development of AI-generated media. D．The use of uncommon words make communication harder. Passage 2 The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy. Accordingly, fan clubs for niche sports have been growing. Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan? According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones. Pickleball (匹克球) is a great example of a niche sport that has developed from a relatively unknown activity to a US national passion. So, what will the next pickleball be? Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?” 12．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．More people are aware of sports’ benefits. B．Technology contributes to niche sports’ popularity. C．Fans have a positive effect on niche sports’ development. D．Sports platforms have made huge economic gain in recent years. 13．What does the author mean by saying “sports followers warm up to the leagues”? A．Sports followers want to join the leagues. B．The leagues have attracted energetic players. C．The leagues make changes based on fans’ preferences. D．Sports followers become very interested in the leagues. 14．What is a characteristic of niche sports fans? A．They are addicted to electronics. B．They come from different age groups. C．They are socially disconnected in daily life. D．They are highly dependent on digital services. 15．What do Peter Cosco’s words suggest? A．Pickleball became widely known by accident. B．A sport needs various conditions to interest people. C．Niche sports should be improved to attract a larger audience. D．Technology offers increasing chances to introduce newborn sports. Passage 3 Bacteria know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1-2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 8．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B．Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C．Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D．Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 9．What did Lingchong You find in his study? A．What encourages bacterial growth. B．How sponges are exactly structured. C．How bacteria grow independently. D．Why bacteria keep company with each other. 10．What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A．Poorly adaptive. B．Relatively harmless. C．Partly distributed. D．Surprisingly unpleasant. 11．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．Evidence of bacterial threat. B．The classification of bacteria. C．Methods to help bacterial growth. D．Research into applications of bacteria. Passage 4 The message took me by surprise. It came from my Ph.D．adviser, asking me whether I’d apply for a fellowship (学术奖金) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Two years earlier, I’d written a proposal for the very same award — a requirement for passing my Ph.D．qualifying exam. Before it, I’d never written a full research proposal. My adviser wanted me to come up with a brand-new project. The process was like figuring out how the pieces of a complex puzzle (拼图) should fit together. Finally, I focused on creating a secure proposal, with experiments that were almost guaranteed to be scientifically practical. The result was indeed like that, but far from creative. Eventually, I failed. On my second try, I squeaked (勉强通过) by. I was relieved, but the reviewers’ comments hurt me: my ideas weren’t novel and interesting. I awkwardly thanked people when they congratulated me, feeling insecure and defeated. In the following years, I focused on the lab experiments, and mastered new techniques. I gained the practice of submitting applications for several small grants (助学金). Bit by bit, I began seeing myself in a new light and trusting my decisions. So, when my adviser convinced me to apply for the NIH fellowship this time, I was determined not to play it safe and to create a more daring project. Despite old criticisms, I landed on a plan that built on the work I’d done but used fresh ideas. Regardless of whether my idea proved to be correct, I thought it was worth the effort. I’d seen my project indicate new research directions and push back the frontiers of my subject. Five months later, I prepared myself for heartbreak once again as I logged in. But amazingly, I secured the fellowship with great reviews. I can’t claim to have mastered the art of writing an NIII proposal. But the award empasized that avoiding negative reviewer comments shouldn’t be the only aim. Exciting projects, with daring ideas, are the ones that will move our science forward and awaken the curiosity of scientists. 4．Why did the author’s first proposal fail? A．It’s not complete. B．It’s not practical. C．It’s not creative. D．It’s too simple. 5．How did the author benefit from the lab experiments? A．They helped him to get his Ph.D． B．They helped to gain peer trust. C．They increased his self-confidence. D．They helped his second proposal pass. 6．Why did the author feel the project worth his effort? A．It expanded the boundaries in his field. B．It earned him some money over the years. C．It satisfied the requirements of NIH. D．It met the expectations of his adviser. 7．What does the author’s experience tell us? A．Stability wins the race. B．No daring step, no reward. C．Practice makes perfect. D．Opportunity rewards the ready. Passage 5 Refrigerators are so important in modern life that it is hard to imagine a world without them. Before mechanical refrigeration, people had to cool their food using ice and snow, either found locally or brought down from the mountains. The first food cellars (地窖) were holes that were dug into the ground, lined with wood or straw and packed with snow and ice. This was the main way to preserve food throughout most of human history. The invention of refrigerators revolutionized the process. Refrigeration works by removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, to lower its temperature. To cool foods, a refrigerator uses the evaporation (蒸发) of a liquid or refrigerant (致冷剂) to take in heat. The liquid or refrigerant evaporates at an extremely low temperature, creating cool temperatures inside the refrigerator. The first known artificial form of refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow in 1748, though it was not used for any practical purpose. In 1805, Oliver Evans, an American inventor, designed a blueprint for the first refrigerator machine. But it wasn’t until 1834 that the first practical refrigeration machine was built by Jacob Perkins. A decade later, an American physician named John Gorrie built a refrigerator based on Oliver Evans’ design. Gorrie used the device to cool the air for his yellow fever patients. Early refrigerators used harmful refrigerants, which posed safety risks. leaks led to deadly accidents, promoting the development of safer alternatives. In response, three American companies worked together to develop a less dangerous method, resulting in the discovery of Freon. By the 1940s, refrigerators using Freon became the standard for almost all home kitchens: But only years later would people realize that some chemical compounds could endanger the ozone layer (臭氧层) of the entire planet. Today, compressor type (压缩式) refrigerators are dominant, and safe cooling-chemicals are replacing harmful ones. Additionally, refrigerators powered by solar, magnetic, and acoustic energy are emerging as sustainable options. These innovations promise a green future for refrigeration. 1．Which best describe the cooling of food before refrigerators appeared? A．Ineffective. B．Impossible. C．Inconvenient. D．Impractical. 2．How do modern refrigerators work? A．By circulating cold air. B．By using ice to beat heat. C．By removing harmful gases D．By evaporating to absorb heat. 3．What did John Gorrie use his refrigerator for? A．Producing some ice. B．Preserving medicine. C．Storing food for his patients. D．Lowering room temperature 4．What might be the major trend of refrigerators in the future? A．Increasing heavy reliance on Freon. B．Stopping using chemical compounds. C．Using eco-friendly cooling technologies. D．Making refrigerators much larger in size. Passage 6 Who doesn’t stand in awe of the advances that science and its STEM siblings (technology, engineering, and math) have created to better our world? But since the time of Aristotle, it has also been recognized that the hard sciences and the humanities must walk side by side in determining human action. The ancient Greek philosopher praised “practical wisdom” as the “middle ground” between scientific knowledge and what he referred to as the “cunning (狡诈的) intelligence of politicians, military generals and business leaders”. In his Nicomachean Ethics, he rejected the idea that scientific knowledge alone could determine the affairs of the complex human social world. Likewise, he saw that cunning was insufficient to shape society. Aristotle insisted that practical wisdom was required for the advancement of the human race as it would take into account what he called “the common good,” doing what is right for the majority of people living together in society. Aristotle’s philosophy is still sound today. But to the extent that we side with him, we must challenge our modern era’s overwhelming emphasis on the STEM disciplines as the key to progress. Yes, we will continue to welcome advances in computerization, robotics, medicine and more. But to ensure these innovations are in service of the good life, we must also advance our thinking in the humanities: philosophy, social affairs and the arts. Instead of just STEM, we should perhaps be promoting STEMMA．In that case, we will be able to raise a new generation that has greater capacities for managing collective human efforts and appreciating the arts. Management education — the new “M” — has not always been integrated into humanistic thinking, but it must become more so. Our goal must be to develop the thoughtful leaders of the future. Regarding the “A,” how could it be beneficial to the future without emphasizing the arts, which inform our knowledge of beauty and meaning in human affairs? All the brilliant discoveries of STEM will not solve the grand challenges of today’s world — ignorance, poverty, intolerance and political conflict— without the practical wisdom of humanities-trained leaders. We can’t march boldly into the future without the capabilities necessary for preserving our human dignity in a world of artificial superintelligence (ASI). Humans are not robots and neurons are not digital switches. It is only through the humanities that we will be able to appreciate the answers that superintelligent computers give us when we ask them questions. It is only through the humanities that we will increasingly recognize and build on what we humans uniquely are. 5．What is the limitation of relying only on STEM disciplines? A．They lack the precision needed for modern innovations. B．They prevent the development of artificial superintelligence. C．They cannot meet the severe challenges of human society alone. D．They are too focused on theoretical rather than practical knowledge. 6．The term “practical wisdom” as used by Aristotle emphasizes ________. A．the need for military strategies in societal development B．the importance of thoughtful business leaders of the future C．the advantage of political philosophy over scientific knowledge D．the value of balancing scientific knowledge and cunning intelligence 7．What can we infer about “STEMMA”? A．It directs STEM towards human-centered goals. B．It empowers humans to manage the global economy. C．It represents an educational model designed to replace STEM. D．It suggests art appreciation is the ultimate solution to global challenges. 8．How does the author view the relationship between humans and ASI? A．The development of ASI comes at the expense of human dignity. B．Human uniqueness is defined by contrasting it with ASI’s capabilities. C．ASI’s outputs are beyond humans’ comprehension without the humanities. D．ASI’s analytical power can make up for the shortcomings in the humanities. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（期末复习专项训练） 目录 话题 篇目 真题实战 6大常考话题 话题一：历史、社会与文化 6 话题二：科学与技术 6 话题三：自然生态与环境保护 6 话题四：社会服务与人际沟通 4 话题五：做人做事与个人成长 3 话题六：生活与学习 3 考题猜想 Passage1-6 6 6大常考话题一:历史、社会与文化（6篇） Passage 1（24-25高一下·河南郑州·期末） The Engel coefficient (恩格尔系数) is an economic idea that describes the relationship between income and consumption (消费) on food. If the figure is high, then it is often believed that the standard of living is low, as a large share of income is spent on food. However, recently a topic has become popular on Chinese social media platforms, where many people have begun to question whether the Engel coefficient is relevant (相关的) in China. As an old saying goes, “Food is of primary importance to the people.” This stresses the significant difference between China’s food culture and consumption habits and those of Western countries. Chinese people are willing to spend more money and energy on food. “In the past, I earned 100 yuan a day and spent half of it on food. Now I earn 1,000 yuan a day, and I still spend half of it on food. Having a good meal makes my day,” a blogger commented. Food in China is a science, a social activity and an art. Whether on a snack street, in a restaurant or at someone’s home, food is often the common ground over which people gather to talk and share. “Many aspects of Chinese spiritual culture are connected to food, from management to communication,” Wang Xuetai, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told Guangming Daily. “Chinese traditional culture focuses on seeing society and life from the view of food, and Chinese people are very good at enjoying the beauty and meaning found in everyday meals.” These factors make consumption habits in China different from those in other countries, making the Engel coefficient not able to completely reflect the living standards of Chinese people. Moreover, this public concern shows just how deeply food is valued in Chinese society. 8．Why do many people question the relevance of the Engel coefficient in China? A．The Engel coefficient is an outdated economic idea. B．Rising living standards have weakened consumption. C．China’s economic structure differs basically from others. D．Chinese food culture and consumption habits are unique. 9．What is the purpose of mentioning the blogger’s words? A．To show the blogger’s unique consumption habit. B．To compare income growth with stable food expenses. C．To illustrate the significance of food in Chinese culture. D．To stress the importance of individual financial management. 10．What role does Wang Xuetai think food plays in Chinese culture? A．It shapes modern consumption trends. B．It connects spiritual values and social life. C．It serves as a base for traditional social practices. D．It acts as a way for management and policy-making. 11．Why might the Engel coefficient mislead in assessing Chinese living standards? A．Chinese people prefer saving to spending on food. B．The Chinese government encourages daily food consumption. C．Western countries have higher food costs compared to China. D．Food consumption in China includes cultural and social values. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了恩格尔系数在中国因独特的饮食文化和消费习惯而受到质疑。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This stresses the significant difference between China’s food culture and consumption habits and those of Western countries.(这强调了中国饮食文化和消费习惯与西方国家的显著差异)”可知，很多人质疑恩格尔系数在中国的相关性是因为中国的饮食文化和消费习惯独特。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Food in China is a science, a social activity and an art. Whether on a snack street, in a restaurant or at someone’s home, food is often the common ground over which people gather to talk and share.(在中国，食物是一门科学、一种社交活动和一门艺术。无论是在小吃街、餐馆还是在别人家里，食物往往是人们聚在一起聊天和分享的共同话题)”以及前文提到博主的话可知，提及博主的话是为了说明食物在中国文化中的重要性。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Many aspects of Chinese spiritual culture are connected to food, from management to communication(中国精神文化的许多方面都与食物有关，从管理到交流)”可知，王学泰认为食物连接了精神价值和社会生活。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These factors make consumption habits in China different from those in other countries, making the Engel coefficient not able to completely reflect the living standards of Chinese people.(这些因素使得中国的消费习惯与其他国家不同，使得恩格尔系数不能完全反映中国人的生活水平)”以及前文提到食物在中国不仅是物质消费，还包含文化和社会价值可知，恩格尔系数在评估中国生活水平时可能会产生误导是因为中国的食物消费包含了文化和社会价值。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·重庆第一中学·期末） Gifts shaping children’s skills carry societal weight. New research led by Mathilde Meyer and Felix Riede suggests that inadequate or outdated toys contributed to the collapse of Norse settlements in Greenland. In 985, Norse settlers from Iceland established communities on Greenland’s fertile coastline, thriving for centuries until the world entered a cold period called the Little Ice Age (1300 — 1400). While the Inuit people who arrived later survived, the Norse had to leave their settlements by 1400. Archaeologists long puzzled over why, as Norse diets increasingly included seafood — contradicting earlier theories about their refusal to adapt. To find an answer, Meyer and Riede conducted a comparative analysis of the toys from both cultures. They examined 72 toys from Norse settlements and a remarkable 2,397 toys from Inuit settlements in similar environmental conditions. The toys were divided into five categories: weapons (such as harpoons and swords), tools (like cooking pots and lamps), transport (boats and sledges), social play (dolls and figurines), and skill play (tops and balls). The results were striking: not only did Inuit children have far more toys, but the variety of their toys was also much greater. For example, while Norse children had only toy arrows, axes, and swords, Inuit children had a wide range of hunting-related toys, including bows, crossbows, and harpoons. As time went on, the gap between the two cultures in terms of toy diversity became even more obvious. From 1000 to 1200, there were 8 social-play toys in Norse settlements compared to 23 in Inuit settlements. By 1200 — 1400, this gap expanded to 11 versus 158. The Inuit continuously increased the number of toys related to sea hunting, such as seal figurines, while the Norse still focused on land-based toys like horse figurines. The researchers argue that Norse reliance on traditional toys hindered children’s ability to innovate in a changing environment. In contrast, the Inuit’s focus on diverse, context-relevant toys equipped children with adaptive skills, ensuring long-term survival. This study serves as a warning: in the game of survival, the toys children play with may shape the fate of a society. 8．What is the central mystery addressed in the passage? A．Why the Norse residents preferred farming to fishing. B．How the Inuit people maintained toy diversity over time. C．Why the Norse settlements collapsed despite seafood diets. D．How climate change affected Greenland’s early inhabitants. 9．How did the researchers carry out their study? A．By defining a new concept. B．By examining previous essays. C．By comparing climate changes. D．By investigating ancient toys. 10．What does the underlined word “hinder” probably mean? A．Promote. B．Prevent. C．Ignore. D．Determine. 11．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Besides Toys: Society’s Cultural Clues. B．Beyond Culture: the Settlement Factors. C．Rather than Climate: Toy Roles in Collapse. D．More than Play: the Skill-shaping Tools. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究揭示，在格陵兰岛挪威人因玩具单一限制了儿童适应能力而崩溃，而因纽特人通过多样化玩具培养生存技能，得以在恶劣环境中延续。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While the Inuit people who arrived later survived, the Norse had to leave their settlements by 1400. Archaeologists long puzzled over why, as Norse diets increasingly included seafood — contradicting earlier theories about their refusal to adapt. (虽然后来到达的因纽特人幸存下来，但挪威人不得不在1400年前离开他们的定居点。考古学家长期以来一直困惑于为什么，因为挪威人的饮食中越来越多地包括海鲜——这与早期关于他们拒绝适应环境的理论相矛盾)”可知，研究探究的核心谜团是尽管古挪威人的饮食转向海鲜，他们的定居点为何仍然崩溃。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To find an answer, Meyer and Riede conducted a comparative analysis of the toys from both cultures. They examined 72 toys from Norse settlements and a remarkable 2,397 toys from Inuit settlements in similar environmental conditions. (为了找到答案，Meyer和Riede对两种文化的玩具进行了比较分析。他们检查了来自挪威定居点的72个玩具和来自因纽特人定居点的2397个玩具，它们的环境条件相似)”可知，研究者通过研究古代玩具展开探究。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“In contrast, the Inuit’s focus on diverse, context-relevant toys equipped children with adaptive skills, ensuring long-term survival. (相比之下，因纽特人对多样化、与环境相关的玩具的关注使儿童具备了适应技能，确保了长期生存)”可知，挪威人的情况与因纽特人不同，他们依赖传统玩具，这会阻碍儿童的创新能力，画线词意为“阻碍”。A. Promote促进，推动；B. Prevent阻碍，防止；C. Ignore忽略；D. Determine决定。故选B项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Gifts shaping children’s skills carry societal weight. New research led by Mathilde Meyer and Felix Riede suggests that inadequate or outdated toys contributed to the collapse of Norse settlements in Greenland. (塑造孩子技能的礼物具有社会影响力。Mathilde Meyer和Felix Riede领导的一项新研究表明，不充足或过时的玩具导致了格陵兰岛挪威人定居点的崩溃)”和最后一段中“This study serves as a warning: in the game of survival, the toys children play with may shape the fate of a society. (这项研究是一个警告：在生存的游戏中，孩子们玩的玩具可能会塑造一个社会的命运)”可知，文章介绍了一项研究，该研究聚焦格陵兰岛的挪威人和因纽特人的玩具差异，发现了挪威人因玩具单一限制了儿童适应能力而崩溃，而因纽特人通过多样化玩具培养生存技能，得以在恶劣环境中延续。因此，C项“非关气候：玩具在社会崩溃中的作用”呼应文中对传统气候解释的否定，点明玩具多样性与社会存亡的因果关系，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·河南郑州·期末）To better understand how animals like spiders communicate with pattern and color, Jenny Yi-Ti Sung, a student at the University of Cincinnati, is turning to ancient dramatic art. Sung is studying how Beijing Opera expresses details about characters to their audiences through the performers’ colorful masks (假面具). For spiders, the unique characteristics broadcast species, sex or even romantic intentions to possible mates. Similarly, in Beijing Opera, the masks give the audience clues about a character’s motive, character or virtue. “I’m interested in understanding how male spiders might use their patterns and colors to tell a female spider they’re a good mate,” Sung said. “I saw a parallel in Beijing Opera masks. How do these visual patterns develop to tell a specific identity?” Sung is investigating whether Beijing Opera masks within a particular opera are more similar or different compared with masks in unrelated operas. She compares 76 masks after standardizing their sizes, checking for patterns or special qualities in their designs. This investigation aims to show the importance of differences among characters within the same story in Beijing Opera. Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in biology (生物学). “I think it enriches science and opens up new ways of thinking about things,” he said. Facial patterns, as observed in jumping spiders and various animal species, hold biological significance in communicating information about species, sex and mate suitability. “When they live in mixed-species communities, their facial patterns develop to be different so they can recognize members of the same species at a distance,” Morehouse said. 12．What does the underlined word “parallel” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Similarity. B．Mystery. C．Change. D．Contrast. 13．What is the aim of Sung’s investigation of Beijing Opera masks? A．To find similar features among masks. B．To compare masks across unrelated operas. C．To identify the colors used in different masks. D．To explore the differences of characters in a single opera. 14．What is special about Sung’s study according to Morehouse? A．It applies to many animals. B．It covers the biological sciences. C．It brings science and culture together. D．It focuses on new conservation methods. 15．What do facial patterns help animals do? A．They confuse their enemies. B．They enable species recognition. C．They maintain harmony between species. D．They make communication between species easier. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了辛辛那提大学学生宋怡缇通过研究京剧面具来探索蜘蛛等动物如何用图案和颜色交流。 12．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Similarly, in Beijing Opera, the masks give the audience clues about a character’s motive, character or virtue.(同样，在京剧中，面具为观众提供了关于角色动机、性格或品德的线索)”以及“How do these visual patterns develop to tell a specific identity?(这些视觉模式是如何发展起来以表明特定身份的？)”可知，宋怡缇认为蜘蛛用图案和颜色交流与京剧面具传达信息有相似之处，所以“parallel”意思是“相似之处”，与A选项Similarity意思相同。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This investigation aims to show the importance of differences among characters within the same story in Beijing Opera.(这项调查旨在表明京剧同一故事中角色之间差异的重要性)”可知，宋怡缇研究京剧面具的目的是探索同一部京剧中的角色差异。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in biology (生物学).(宋怡缇的导师内森·莫尔豪斯对宋怡缇的创造性方法给予了高度评价，称其为生物学中文化和科学兴趣的完美结合)”可知，莫尔豪斯认为宋怡缇研究的特别之处在于它将科学和文化结合在了一起。故选C。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When they live in mixed-species communities, their facial patterns develop to be different so they can recognize members of the same species at a distance.(当它们生活在混合物种的群体中时，它们的面部图案会变得不同，这样它们就可以在远处识别出同物种的成员)”可知，面部图案帮助动物识别物种。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing. Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags. Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation. Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions. Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet. 8．What major change have tea companies made in packaging? A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials. C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags. 9．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation? A．Tea herbs require more water for growing. B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently. C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment. D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation. 10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To support sustainable tea brands. B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle. C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea. D．To praise green practices in tea farming. 11．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog. C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在消费者环保意识增强的背景下，茶产业在可持续发展方面的优势及对环保的积极作用。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic - linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant - based wrappers and tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.(可持续包装正成为茶叶行业的一大焦点。各公司正在摒弃传统的与塑料相关的茶包，转而设计可分解为无害天然材料的产品。一些品牌正在使用植物基包装材料和罐子来减少浪费。散装茶叶是减少包装浪费的最佳方式之一，因为它无需单独包装的茶包。)”可知，茶叶公司在包装方面主要的改变是注重可持续设计。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco - friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.(许多茶园收集雨水以减少对淡水的依赖。像路易波士茶和洋甘菊等一些草本茶在干燥条件下生长，只需极少灌溉，所以它们非常环保。简而言之，选择茶而不是其他饮料有助于全球水资源保护。)”可知，茶园依靠收集循环利用的雨水进行灌溉，从而有助于水资源保护。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.(但对于普通人来说，选择茶而不是其他饮料可能会产生更持久的影响。无论你喜欢绿茶、红茶还是清爽的冰茶混合饮品，你的选择都意义重大。茶不仅仅是一种饮品——它是迈向更健康地球的一步。)”可知，作者写最后一段是为了鼓励人们养成饮茶的生活方式，从而为环保做贡献。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.(可持续发展已不再是一种潮流，而是一种必然需求。随着消费者环保意识的日益增强，饮料行业面临着减少碳足迹的压力。在所有饮品中，茶在可持续发展方面走在前列。这种古老的饮品拥有一种环保的消费模式，从可持续包装到极少加工环节都有所体现)”可知，文章围绕茶产业在可持续发展方面的表现，如可持续包装、节水、低运输影响等展开，强调其对环保的积极作用，所以最有可能出自一个环保博客。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·山东烟台·期末）Traditional sensory and consumer testing is often done in separated rooms. The issue with this is that food is not consumed in such environments, but rather in environments with various contextual elements that influence human behavior and perception (感知) of food. By not including social elements, responses from participants may not be reflective of real-life perceptions of food. Therefore, a new Ohio study aims to introduce social elements to sensory and consumer tests using immersive technologies such as video walls and VR headphones. In the study, a total of 150 participants were divided into three groups. They were presented with a carbonated cola and a flat cola in unmarked cups in three different environments: in an individual context, in a social context where pairs of participants sat side by side, and in another social context where video footage of each participant’s partner consuming a cola was played on a video wall. To record their emotional responses, participants rated their feelings immediately after tasting each cola, using a 7-point scale (量表), where I represented “extremely negative” and 7 represented “extremely positive”. The higher the score, the stronger the willingness to consume. The data showed that in the individual context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola was 4.2, while for the flat cola it was only 2.5. In the co-presence social context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola increased to 5.8, and for the flat cola, it rose to 4.1. Similarly, in the virtual social context group, the average positive response scores for the carbonated cola and the flat cola were 5.8 and 4.1 respectively. The findings suggested that positive responses to both stimuli were significantly higher in the two social conditions than in the individual condition. Notably, the two social conditions never differed on any emotional measures. “We should explore other virtual social settings and different groups (friends or strangers), and expand testing to more kinds of foods or drinks,” said Roth Goldberg, leader of the study. “Importantly, we must examine whether these findings can be practically applied in restaurants or product development.” 32．What is the main problem with traditional sensory and consumer testing? A．It is influenced by food quality. B．It ignores social contexts. C．It takes too much time to complete. D．It can’t rate emotional responses. 33．What does the underlined word “stimuli” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Types of tested drinks. B．Data collection tools. C．Pairs of participants. D．Virtual environments. 34．What can be learned from the testing? A．VR technology does not work as expected. B．The quality of cola determines response scores. C．Individual testing reflects perception of food best. D．Virtual social elements can improve drink consumption. 35．What is Roth Goldberg’s suggestion about? A．Social effects of the findings. B．Directions for further study. C．Choices of research methods. D．Involvement of more researchers. 【答案】32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，探讨社交环境对食品感官和消费者测试结果的影响，并提出引入虚拟社交元素的新方法。 32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Traditional sensory and consumer testing is often done in separated rooms. The issue with this is that food is not consumed in such environments, but rather in environments with various contextual elements that influence human behavior and perception of food. By not including social elements, responses from participants may not be reflective of real-life perceptions of food. (传统的感官和消费者测试通常在独立的房间里进行。问题在于，人们并非在这样的环境中享用食物，而是在存在各种背景元素的环境中，这些元素会影响人类对食物的行为和感知。由于不包含社交元素，参与者的反应可能无法反映真实生活中对食物的感知)”可知，传统感官和消费者测试的主要问题在于它忽略了社会环境。故选B。 33．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In the study, a total of 150 participants were divided into three groups. They were presented with a carbonated cola and a flat cola in unmarked cups in three different environments(在这项研究中，共有150名参与者被分为三组。他们在三种不同的环境中，用没有标记的杯子分别品尝了一杯碳酸可乐和一杯无气可乐)”和第三段中“The data showed that in the individual context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola was 4.2, while for the flat cola it was only 2.5.(数据显示，在个体情境组中，碳酸可乐的平均积极反应得分为4.2，而无气可乐的平均积极反应得分仅为2.5)”可知，该研究让参与者品尝碳酸可乐和无气可乐这两种饮料，并收集了他们对这两种饮料的反应数据，所以划线词所在句表达：研究结果表明，在两种社交条件下，两种被测试的饮料类型（即碳酸可乐和无气可乐）的积极反应都显著高于个体条件下的积极反应”，划线词stimuli指的是“被测试的饮料类型”。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The higher the score, the stronger the willingness to consume.(得分越高，消费意愿越强)”和第三段中“In the co-presence social context group, the average positive response score for the carbonated cola increased to 5.8, and for the flat cola, it rose to 4.1. Similarly, in the virtual social context group, the average positive response scores for the carbonated cola and the flat cola were 5.8 and 4.1 respectively. The findings suggested that positive responses to both stimuli were significantly higher in the two social conditions than in the individual condition. Notably, the two social conditions never differed on any emotional measures.(在实际共处的社交情境组中，碳酸可乐的平均积极反应得分提高到5.8，而无气可乐的平均积极反应得分提高到4.1。同样，在虚拟社交情境组中，碳酸可乐和无气可乐的平均积极反应得分分别为5.8和4.1。研究结果表明，在两种社交条件下，两种饮品的积极反应都显著高于个体条件下的积极反应。值得注意的是，在任何情绪指标上，两种社交情境之间都没有差异)”可知，从测试中可以了解到虚拟社交元素可以提高饮料的消费意愿。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We should explore other virtual social settings and different groups (friends or strangers), and expand testing to more kinds of foods or drinks,” said Roth Goldberg, leader of the study. “Importantly, we must examine whether these findings can be practically applied in restaurants or product development.”(该研究的负责人Roth Goldberg表示：“我们应该探索其他虚拟社交场景和不同的群体（朋友或陌生人），并将测试扩展到更多种类的食物或饮品上。重要的是，我们必须研究这些发现是否能实际应用于餐厅或产品开发中”)”可知，Roth Goldberg的建议是关于进一步研究的方向。故选B。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·河南洛阳·期末）“Bike buses” are taking over neighborhoods. Many families are giving up cars and starting a morning ride with friends, biking in organized groups led by grown-up volunteers. The effort is a call to fight against climate change, encourage exercise and reduce school drop-off traffic. And both parents and kids say it just makes the children happier. Dad Devin Olson organized a bike bus for his local school zone. Olson says cycling creates connectivity between all walks of life. Six years ago, Olson partnered Minneapolis Public Schools to run a 2-mile bike bus that dropped off students at two elementary schools. So far, Olson has led 11 semi-annual bike buses that have grown from about 60 participants to nearly 150. “We meet at 8 a.m. to play soccer and eat donuts (甜甜圈),” said Olson. “Then we review safety measures and start our ride. It’s nothing but laughing and pure joy.” The group makes about eight stops along the way to pick up children, many of whom are accompanied by parents. “We want kids to celebrate going to school,” explained Olson, adding that the kids who participate enjoy opportunities to communicate with students in different grades. Luke Bormheimer co-runs SF Bike Bus, which organizes city-wide school routes, with the goal of inspiring people around the country to start bike buses. “Our first 3-mile ride included more than 100 kids, families, and adults in one trip to school,” said Bornheimer. According to him, a successful bike bus takes place on a “slow street”. The bike bus experience has comforted parents who were nervous about their children’s safety on the road. “Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school,” he said. 4．What are the advantages of “bike buses” according to paragraph 1? A．Saving transportation costs, improving road safety, and increasing car usage. B．Reducing air pollution, promoting physical exercise, and easing school traffic. C．Replacing public transportation, decreasing activities and creating job opportunities. D．Improving family relationships, encouraging sports and speeding up school drop-off. 5．What can we infer from Devin Olson’s words and actions? A．He believes bike buses mainly benefit teenagers’ parents. B．He thinks bike buses should only focus on transportation. C．He plans to reduce the number of stops for the bike bus. D．He aims to make the school trip more enjoyable for kids. 6．What’s a “slow street” most probably? A．It’s a road where traffic jams often take place. B．It’s a road that is used only by public transports. C．It’s a shared road for bicyclists and car drivers. D．It’s a safe road for those lovers taking bus rides. 7．Why does Luke Bornheimer run SF Bike Bus? A．To ensure children’s safety on roads through “slow street” routes. B．To organize school trips for over 100 kids and families in the city. C．To encourage more cities to establish bike buses across the country. D．To replace traditional school transportation with eco-friendly biking. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“自行车巴士”在社区流行，由成人志愿者带队，组织家庭集体骑车上学，利于环保、锻炼等，因此受到了家长孩子欢迎。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The effort is a call to fight against climate change, encourage exercise and reduce school drop-off traffic.(这一举措旨在呼吁大家共同应对气候变化、鼓励进行体育锻炼以及减少上学期间的交通拥堵)”可知，自行车巴士可以减少空气污染、促进体育锻炼以及缓解学校交通压力。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We meet at 8 a.m. to play soccer and eat donuts (甜甜圈),” said Olson. “Then we review safety measures and start our ride. It’s nothing but laughing and pure joy.”(奥尔森说：“我们早上8点集合，一起踢足球、吃甜甜圈。然后我们会讨论安全措施，接着开始骑行。整个过程充满了欢声笑语和无尽的快乐。”)”可推知，德文·奥尔森旨在让孩子们的学校旅行更加愉快。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Our first 3-mile ride included more than 100 kids, families, and adults in one trip to school,” said Bornheimer. According to him, a successful bike bus takes place on a “slow street”.(博恩海默说：“我们最初的3英里骑行活动中，有100多名儿童、家庭成员和成年人一起前往学校。”据他介绍，一次成功的“自行车巴士”活动是在一条“慢速街道”上进行的)”可推知，“慢速街道”大概指的是一条供骑自行车者和汽车驾驶者共同使用的道路。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Luke Bormheimer co-runs SF Bike Bus, which organizes city-wide school routes, with the goal of inspiring people around the country to start bike buses.(卢克·博尔海默联合运营着“旧金山自行车巴士”项目，该项目组织全市范围的学校路线，其目标是激励全国各地的人们开展自行车巴士活动)”及““Our hope is to create a bike bus for every school,” he said.(“我们的目标是为每所学校都打造一辆自行车巴士，”他说)”可知，卢克·博恩海默运营“旧金山自行车巴士”服务旨在鼓励更多城市在全国范围内设立自行车巴士服务。故选C。 6大常考话题二: 科学与技术（6篇） Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川成都·期末）“I’m thirsty,” a visitor told a humanoid robot standing 1.7 meters tall and weighing 65 kilograms at the 7th World Voice Expo (展览会) in Hefei, East China’s Anhui province. Without hesitation, it identified the bottle of coffee and handed it to the visitor. Besides, a range of daily necessities are now integrated with AI large language models, offering visitors exciting new experiences. For example, a smart refrigerator equipped with an AI-powered camera can suggest recipes according to the ingredients stored in it. The 7th World Voice Expo showcases over 200 AI products, including humanoid robots, human machine interaction systems and upgraded large language models. This event highlights the remarkable speed at which AI has developed and the growing popularity of its applications in various situations. iFLYTEK’s superbrain robotic platform has empowered 450 robotics companies and 15,000 developers across the country via opening up its large language model. Unitree, a Hangzhou-based robotics startup, presented its star humanoid robot, Unitr ee H1, which can move 3.3 meters per second. “We have sold more than 100 such robots, offering an insight into the huge market space for humanoid robots,” said Li Jun, head of technical services at Unitree. MiMouse, a high-tech company in Anhui, showcased its best-selling smart mouse along with a newly developed smart keyboard. Based on several large language models, they can effortlessly produce articles, create PowerPoint presentations, draw pictures and perform translations. “They can help reduce repetitive tasks for office workers,” said Feng Haihong, general manager of MiMouse, adding that they sold about 10,000 sets in less than a month. In this year’s government work report, China announced an AI Plus initiative to push the digital economy’s development. “Thanks to the AI boom (繁荣), China is now home to more than 4,500 AI companies. In the future, AI will transform industrial and competition modes as well as scientific research globally, bring changes to all professions, and most importantly, meet people’s desires for a better life,” said Liu Qingfeng, chairman of iFLYTEK, at the expo. 28．What does the underlined word “integrated“ in paragraph 1 mean? A．Combined. B．Compared. C．Tested. D．Displayed. 29．What can we know about the high-tech companies in paragraph 3? A．They receive government funding. B．They are achieving market success. C．They develop large language models. D．They are reducing labor cost in work. 30．What influence will AI bring according to Liu Qingfeng? A．The boom of digital economy. B．The disappearance of some jobs. C．The improvement of people’s lives. D．The deepening of global cooperation. 31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．AI Companies Rise in China B．Government Boosts AI Development C．Human-like Robots Draw Attention at Hefei Expo D．China’s AI Boom Sees New Wave of Applications 【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了第七届世界声博会在合肥举行，200多款AI产品亮相，如人形机器人、智能冰箱等，展示了AI的快速发展与应用普及，未来其将改变多领域并满足人们对美好生活的向往。 28．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“a range of daily necessities are now integrated with AI large language models, offering visitors exciting new experiences.(一系列生活必需品现在与人工智能大型语言模型integrated，为游客提供令人兴奋的新体验。)”以及后文“offering visitors exciting new experiences(为参观者提供了令人兴奋的新体验)”以及下文所举例子“For example, a smart refrigerator equipped with an AI-powered camera can suggest recipes according to the ingredients stored in it.(例如，配备人工智能摄像头的智能冰箱可以根据里面储存的食材建议食谱。)”可知，日用品与AI模型相结合实现新功能；故划线词integrated意思是“结合”。故选A。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unitree, a Hangzhou-based robotics startup, presented its star humanoid robot, Unitr ee H1, which can move 3.3 meters per second. “We have sold more than 100 such robots, offering an insight into the huge market space for humanoid robots,” said Li Jun, head of technical services at Unitree. MiMouse, a high-tech company in Anhui, showcased its best-selling smart mouse along with a newly developed smart keyboard. Based on several large language models, they can effortlessly produce articles, create PowerPoint presentations, draw pictures and perform translations. “They can help reduce repetitive tasks for office workers,” said Feng Haihong, general manager of MiMouse, adding that they sold about 10,000 sets in less than a month.( 位于杭州的机器人初创企业Unitree展示了其明星型人形机器人 Unitree H1，该机器人每秒可移动3.3米。Unitree技术服务部门负责人李军表示：‘我们已售出超过100台这样的机器人，这让我们看到了型人形机器人巨大的市场空间。’安徽的高科技公司咪鼠科技（MiMouse）展示了其最畅销的智能鼠标以及一款新开发的智能键盘。基于多个大型语言模型，它们能够轻松生成文章、制作演示文稿、绘制图画和进行翻译。‘它们可以帮助减少办公室工作人员的重复性工作。’咪鼠科技总经理冯海洪说道，并补充说他们在不到一个月的时间里售出了约10000套产品)”可知，Unitree和MiMouse等高科技公司产品销量高，即高科技公司正在取得市场上的成功。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thanks to the AI boom (繁荣), China is now home to more than 4,500 AI companies. In the future, AI will transform industrial and competition modes as well as scientific research globally, bring changes to all professions, and most importantly, meet people’s desires for a better life(得益于人工智能的蓬勃发展，中国目前拥有超过4500家人工智能企业。未来，人工智能将改变全球的产业和竞争模式、科研方式，给所有职业带来变革，最重要的是，它将满足人们对于更美好生活的追求)”可知，他认为人工智能可以让人们生活得到改善。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The 7th World Voice Expo showcases over 200 AI products, including humanoid robots, human machine interaction systems and upgraded large language models. This event highlights the remarkable speed at which AI has developed and the growing popularity of its applications in various situations.(第七届世界声博会展示了超过200种人工智能产品，包括仿人机器人、人机交互系统以及升级版的大语言模型。此次展会突显了人工智能发展的惊人速度以及其在各种场景中应用的日益普及)”以及文章说明了第七届世界声博会上，200多款AI产品亮相，如人形机器人、智能冰箱等，展示了AI的快速发展与应用普及，未来其将改变多领域并满足人们对美好生活的向往。可知，D选项“中国的人工智能热潮催生了新的应用浪潮”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东烟台·期末） Swimming robots play a key role in mapping pollution, studying water ecosystems, and monitoring water quality in sensitive areas. However, many previous devices rely on noisy propellers (螺旋桨), which can do harm to wildlife. The natural elements in these environments also challenge robotic swimmers. To address these issues, researchers at EPFL’s School of Engineering have developed a multi-functional swimming robot. Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise. This design, combined with its light weight, allows the robot to float on water and mix in naturally with its surroundings. “Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian. To drive the robot, the researchers have developed a unique electronic control system that is environmentally safe. Light sensors act as simple eyes, allowing the robot to sense and follow light sources by itself. They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests. “We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy,” says Hartmann. “The insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical, lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature.” 28．What is the unique feature of the new swimming robot? A．It can widen tight spaces. B．It can produce fresh water. C．It is propeller-powered and lightweight. D．It is noise-free and flexible. 29．What are Florian’s statements aimed at in paragraph 3? A．Describing the testing process. B．Pointing out limitations in design. C．Stressing technical advancement. D．Praising the highest moving speed. 30．What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the new robot? A．Its energy consumption modes. B．Its monitoring strategies. C．Its reliability in gathering information. D．Its possible applications. 31．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A book review. B．A scientific journal. C．A business report. D．An official document. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．D 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型游泳机器人的特点及应用前景。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise.(与传统基于螺旋桨的系统不同，洛桑联邦理工学院的机器人通过波浪状的鳍在水中移动，没有噪音)”以及第三段中“By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian.(洛桑联邦理工学院（EPFL）研究员弗洛里安（Florian）解释道：“通过摆动鳍的速度比海扁虫快10倍，这款机器人能够达到每秒12厘米（相当于自身身长2.6倍）的惊人速度。得益于其特殊的鳍，它具备出色的机动性，能够向前、向后、侧向游动以及转弯。”)”可知，新游泳机器人的独特之处在于它没有噪音且灵活。故选D。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian.(“我们的设计不仅仅是模仿自然；它超越了自然生物所能达到的。通过摆动鳍的速度比海扁虫快10倍，机器人可以达到每秒12厘米（2.6体长）的惊人速度。由于其特殊的鳍，它具有出色的机动性，能够向前、向后、侧向和转弯游泳，”洛桑联邦理工学院研究员Florian解释道)”可推知，Florian的话旨强调该机器人在设计上的技术进步，超越了自然界生物的能力。故选C。 30．主旨大意题。根据第五段“They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests.(他们希望这种机器人能够在环境监测与研究、污染追踪和现代农业等领域发挥作用。例如，在污染追踪方面，它可以通过不断收集和分析数据，迅速找到污染物的来源，无论是工业区的化学泄漏还是海洋狭窄环境中的石油泄漏。他们的下一个目标是建立一个更可靠的野外测试平台)”可知，第五段主要介绍了新机器人可能的应用领域。故选D。 31．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. (这个比信用卡还小、重6克的游泳机器人，灵感来自于海扁虫，非常适合在空间有限的环境中使用，比如稻田，或者在水上机器上进行检查。它可以穿过狭窄的空间，运输比自己重得多的货物)”可知，文章主要介绍了洛桑联邦理工学院研发的一种新型多功能游泳机器人，包括其设计特点、技术优势以及潜在的应用领域。由此可推知，文章最可能出自科学期刊。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Limited by fixed schedules and the same materials, traditional classrooms often struggle to address individual learning styles and frequently fail to satisfy different needs for learning. Now, educational tools powered by AI help analyze students’ strengths and weaknesses in real time, enabling educators to offer more personalized guidance. A 2023 UNESCO report revealed that schools adopting AI instructors saw a 34% improvement in math scores globally, signaling the possibility of the technology to bridge educational gaps and offer better learning resources. Initial research in the countryside of India showed a 40% reduction in dropout rates, with teachers reporting improved ability to address individual struggles. Researchers at Stanford University worked on a project and developed an AI system that tracks eye movements and response time during online learning. By studying data from 50,000 students, the AI system identifies the confusion invisible to human teachers. For instance, it discovers students’ brief hesitation in solving equations (方程), and offers targeted instruction. “It’s not about replacing teachers but giving them superhuman insight,” said the project leader, Dr. Emily Zhou. Meanwhile, a 2024 Cambridge study explored generative (生成的) AI’s role in lesson planning. Teachers input teaching goals, and the AI produces content — calibrating vocabulary for non-native speakers or creating personalized physics exercises. In a survey, 78% of educators reported saving five or more hours weekly. However, 62% expressed concerns about overdependence on AI-generated materials that lack sensitivity culturally. Researchers are now training models to recognize regional languages and traditions, aiming to balance educational gaps within different cultures. Experts predict AI could complete 30% of administrative (行政的) tasks by 2026, freeing teachers for teaching and guiding students. Challenges include data privacy and equal access to technology. As Dr. Zhou noted, “The goal isn’t perfect algorithms (算法) or replacing humans but improving human potential through thoughtful tech partnerships.” 12．What was a key-finding of the Stanford University study? A．AI could track students’ response time. B．AI could reduce students’ dropout rates. C．AI could recognize students’ confusion. D．AI could improve students’ math scores. 13．What does the underlined word “calibrating” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Adjusting accurately. B．Selecting accidentally. C．Replacing completely. D．Memorizing carefully. 14．Why are many people worried about AI-generated materials? A．They lack true emotions. B．They rely on former models. C．They contain regional dialects. D．They ignore cultural differences. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Development of AI Technology B．The Risks of AI in Modern Education C．What Challenges AI Brings to Humans D．How AI Changes Teaching and Learning 【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能如何改变教学与学习。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“By studying data from 50,000 students, the AI system identifies the confusion invisible to human teachers.(通过研究5万名学生的数据，这个人工智能系统能够识别出人类教师难以察觉的困惑)”可知，斯坦福大学这项研究的关键发现是人工智能能够识别学生的困惑情绪。故选C。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Teachers input teaching goals, and the AI produces content(教师输入教学目标，然后人工智能生成相关内容)”以及后文“vocabulary for non-native speakers or creating personalized physics exercises.(为非母语者……词汇量或创建个性化的物理练习)”可知，人工智能根据教学目标生成相关内容，其中需要为非母语者仔细调整词汇量，故划线词意思是“仔细调整”。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Researchers are now training models to recognize regional languages and traditions, aiming to balance educational gaps within different cultures.(研究人员现在正在训练模型识别地区语言和传统，旨在平衡不同文化中的教育差距)”可知，许多人会对人工智能生成的内容感到担忧是因为他们忽视了文化差异。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A 2023 UNESCO report revealed that schools adopting AI instructors saw a 34% improvement in math scores globally, signaling the possibility of the technology to bridge educational gaps and offer better learning resources. Initial research in the countryside of India showed a 40% reduction in dropout rates, with teachers reporting improved ability to address individual struggles.(2023年联合国教科文组织的一份报告指出，采用人工智能教师的学校在全球范围内数学成绩提高了34%，这表明该技术有可能缩小教育差距并提供更优质的教育资源。在印度农村地区的初步研究显示，辍学率降低了40%，教师们也表示能够更好地解决学生的个人困难)”结合文章主要说明了AI驱动的教育工具可实时分析学生情况，提供个性化指导，提升成绩、降低辍学率等，虽有挑战，但目标是通过技术协作提升潜力。可知，D选项“人工智能如何改变教学与学习”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·湖南雅礼中学·期末） An experiment which saw salad seeds sent into space has given hope for the future of growing food on another planet, according to a recently-published study. The findings have appeared after two kilograms of seeds spent six months on board the International Space Station (ISS) with the astronaut, Tim Peake, as part of his Principia mission. There, the seeds could have absorbed up to 100 times more radiation (辐射) than on Earth while being influenced by the violent shaking from the stresses of space travel. When the seeds returned to Earth in 2016, 600,000 children from schools across Britain took part in an experiment, supported by the UK Space Agency, to plant them and monitor their growth, comparing it to that of seeds that had remained on Earth. The results showed that, while the space seeds grew more slowly and were more sensitive to ageing, they were still able to survive. Peake said, “When humans travel to Mars, they will need to find ways to feed themselves, and this research helps us understand some of the biology of seed storage and germination (发芽) which will be important for future space missions.” The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) tasked 8,600 schools and groups across Britain with taking part in the controlled study and recording their results as a scientist would. It was part of a project called Rocket Science, led by the RHS Campaign for School Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency. RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rocket Science experiment opened a window into space biology and allowed young people to be at the forefront of creative research.” “This research project did more than just inspire; it furthered our understanding of the challenges around growing plants in unusual environments and the possibility of growing food on long-term space missions in the future. Inspiring a new generation of botanists and biologists will remain our goal to enrich everyone’s lives through plants.” 12．What do the findings of the experiment indicate? A．Salad seeds sent into space turned out to be a failure. B．Astronauts successfully grew salad seeds on Mars. C．The future of growing plants in space looks bright. D．The radiation makes it impossible for plants to survive. 13．Which word can be filled in the blank to complete the research steps? carry the seeds into space → bring them back to Earth → ______ the growing state → make comparisons A．Update. B．Observe. C．Protect. D．Improve. 14．Unlike those on Earth, the seeds sent into space ______. A．can grow 100 times larger in size B．provide enough food for astronauts C．stop growing when returning to Earth D．are more likely to show signs of ageing 15．What can we learn from what Alana Cama said? A．Growing plants in unusual environments is no longer a challenging task. B．A new generation of botanists and biologists takes the lead in the research. C．The project inspires the interests of the young generation in creative fields. D．The exploration of growing food in space is the central mission in the future. 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空种子实验及其对未来太空种植食物的研究意义。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段“An experiment which saw salad seeds sent into space has given hope for the future of growing food on another planet, according to a recently-published study. (根据最近发表的一项研究，一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验为在另一颗行星上种植食物的未来带来了希望)”可知，实验的发现表明在太空中种植植物的未来看起来很光明。故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第四段“When the seeds returned to Earth in 2016, 600,000 children from schools across Britain took part in an experiment, supported by the UK Space Agency, to plant them and monitor their growth, comparing it to that of seeds that had remained on Earth. (2016年，当这些种子返回地球时，在英国航天局的支持下，英国各地学校的60万名儿童参与了一项实验，他们种植这些种子并监测其生长情况，并将其与留在地球上的种子进行对比)”可推知，研究步骤为：将种子送入太空、将它们带回地球、观察它们的生长状态、然后进行比较，空白处应填入“观察”，以完成研究步骤。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第五段“The results showed that, while the space seeds grew more slowly and were more sensitive to ageing, they were still able to survive. (结果表明，尽管太空种子生长更为缓慢且对老化更加敏感，但它们仍能够存活下来)”可知，与地球上的种子不同，送入太空的种子更有可能出现衰老的迹象。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后两段中Alana Cama的话“The Rocket Science experiment opened a window into space biology and allowed young people to be at the forefront of creative research. (火箭科学实验为太空生物学打开了一扇窗口，让年轻人站在了创造性研究的前沿)”、“This research project did more than just inspire; it furthered our understanding of the challenges around growing plants in unusual environments and the possibility of growing food on long-term space missions in the future. Inspiring a new generation of botanists and biologists will remain our goal to enrich everyone’s lives through plants. (这个研究项目不仅仅是激发灵感；它还加深了我们对在特殊环境中种植植物所面临挑战的理解，以及未来在长期太空任务中种植食物的可能性。激励新一代植物学家和生物学家将始终是我们的目标，我们希望通过植物来丰富每个人的生活)”可推知，从Alana Cama的话中，我们能了解到这个项目会激发年轻一代在具有创造性的领域的兴趣。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·河南郑州·期末） Is there food on Mars? Almost certainly not. But astronauts need to eat every day, and sending food to space is super expensive—one meal can cost $10, 000. Thus, finding a way to feed them on the trip to Mars is a really big challenge. Now, UK-based researchers think they have the solution. Dr Rodrigo, the lead researcher, says astronauts could grow their own food while flying to Mars. These researchers are carrying out a project for astronauts to produce food in a smart and Earth-friendly way, using a few special cells (细胞) and mini cell factories to create useful products. The project has now been tested in space when a spaceship took cells into orbit. The cells were in a mini space lab. It is like a small science lab in a box that lets scientists do experiments under microgravity, without the usual limits of space research. In the space lab, cells grew and produced a particular vitamin (维生素). “This material could be collected and eaten by astronauts in the space,” Dr Rodrigo said, “but the space lab is hard to bring. So we need to rethink how it may look like.” Dr Rodrigo and his team hope even a short time in microgravity will show whether their cells can produce different kinds of food, from milk products to ice cream. They also hope the technology will be applied to a wide range of industries. “In the future, when we build a base on the Moon, we'll need space labs like this to help people live there for a long time, ” he said. 8．What makes feeding astronauts on the trip to Mars challenging? A．High cost of space meals. B．Limited space for food. C．Long transportation time. D．Uncertainty of cell growth. 9．What is the purpose of the project carried out by researchers? A．To find food on Mars. B．To create food in space. C．To explore life on Mars. D．To send astronauts to space. 10．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The role of vitamin in space. B．The health problems of astronauts. C．The design work of spaceship. D．The test of the project in space lab. 11．What does Dr Rodrigo think of space labs? A．Easy to bring to space. B．Important for the Moon bases. C．Expensive to build in space. D．Difficult for humans to produce. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国研究人员如何通过一种创新的方法，让宇航员在飞往火星的途中自己种植食物，以解决太空食物供应的高成本问题。 8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的句子“Is there food on Mars? Almost certainly not. But astronauts need to eat every day, and sending food to space is super expensive—one meal can cost $10, 000.(火星上有食物吗？几乎可以肯定不会。但是宇航员每天都需要吃饭，而将食物送到太空是非常昂贵的——一顿饭可能要花费1万美元。)”可知，将食物送往太空的成本极高，每餐费用高达10,000美元。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的句子“Dr Rodrigo, the lead researcher, says astronauts could grow their own food while flying to Mars. These researchers are carrying out a project for astronauts to produce food in a smart and Earth-friendly way, using a few special cells and mini cell factories to create useful products.(首席研究员Dr Rodrigo表示，宇航员可以在飞往火星的途中种植自己的食物。这些研究人员正在为宇航员进行一个项目，以一种智能和环保的方式生产食物，使用一些特殊的细胞和微型细胞工厂来生产有用的产品。)”可知，该项目的目的是让宇航员在飞往火星的途中自己种植食物，以一种智能且环保的方式生产食物。故选B项。 10．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的句子“The project has now been tested in space when a spaceship took cells into orbit. The cells were in a mini space lab. It is like a small science lab in a box that lets scientists do experiments under microgravity, without the usual limits of space research. In the space lab, cells grew and produced a particular vitamin.(该项目现在已经在太空中进行了测试，一艘宇宙飞船将细胞送入轨道。这些细胞被放置在一个小型太空实验室里。它就像一个装在盒子里的小型科学实验室，让科学家在微重力下进行实验，而不受太空研究的通常限制。在太空实验室里，细胞生长并产生了一种特殊的维生素。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了该项目在太空实验室中的测试情况，包括细胞在微重力环境下的生长和维生素的生产。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的句子““This material could be collected and eaten by astronauts in the space,” Dr Rodrigo said, “but the space lab is hard to bring. So we need to rethink how it may look like.”(Dr Rodrigo说：“这种材料可以在太空中被宇航员收集和食用，但太空实验室很难携带”所以我们需要重新思考它的样子。)”以及第四段的句子““In the future, when we build a base on the Moon, we'll need space labs like this to help people live there for a long time, ” he said.(他说：“将来，当我们在月球上建立基地时，我们将需要这样的太空实验室来帮助人们在月球上生活很长时间”)”可知，Dr Rodrigo认为太空实验室对于在月球上建立基地并长期居住非常重要。故选B项。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末） Researchers from Penn State University believe they have developed a flexible, sticker-like wearable device able to understand even the most advanced poker face (扑克脸), according to the finding published last month in the journal Nano Letters. The wearable device analyzes the tiny changes in physical responses to predict how a person is feeling. The researchers set out to create a “multi-modal sensing” device that collected several physical signals at the same time without interference (干扰). To do that, the team designed the small, sticker-like device made from thin layers of flexible metals, folded and cut into wave-like shapes. Its flexible structure allows it to continue collecting real-time data even when bent, stretched, or pulled. A rechargeable battery powers the device. Once placed on the skin, the sensors check for changes in skin temperature, heart rate, humidity (as expressed through sweat), and blood oxygen levels. Each of these signals can be linked to emotions. While each signal alone gives limited information, the researchers say measuring them all together in real time gives a much clearer picture of how a person feels. This stream of data is changed into digital signals and sent to a phone or a computer. Then, a special computer program analyzes the data to guess what emotion the person is experiencing. In an experiment with eight volunteers, people watched a series of videos that caused feelings while wearing the sticker. They were instructed to make facial expressions for emotions like happiness, fear, sadness, and anger. The device matched these expressions with 92.28% accuracy (精准性). More importantly, it also found the emotional responses with 88.83% accuracy when people watched the videos with no expressions on their faces. Though the sticker is still in the testing stages, researchers believe it could one day be a particularly useful tool to help clinicians better understand the emotional state of non-verbal patients. Early indications of mental health issues, which might otherwise go unnoticed, could be treated professionally at an early stage before those situations worsen. 28．What is a feature of the device? A．It is plastic-coated. B．It is poker-sized. C．It is solar-powered. D．It is layer-structured. 29．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about regarding the device? A．What it changes. B．How it functions. C．How it is developed. D．What it is used for. 30．What do we know about the experiment? A．It analyzed verbal responses. B．It included sufficient subjects. C．It showed trustworthy results. D．It proved effective in medicine. 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A device: to analyze fitness data B．A sticker: to read hidden emotions C．A model: to replace human doctors D．A sensor: to track facial expressions 【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宾州大学研究人员开发出一种可穿戴贴片设备，能分析隐藏情绪。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To do that, the team designed the small, sticker-like device made from thin layers of flexible metals, folded and cut into wave-like shapes.(为了做到这一点，研究小组设计了这种小型的、类似贴纸的设备，它由薄层柔性金属制成，折叠并切割成波浪形)”可知，该设备的一个特点是层状结构。故选D。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Once placed on the skin, the sensors check for changes in skin temperature, heart rate, humidity (as expressed through sweat), and blood oxygen levels.(一旦贴在皮肤上，传感器就会检测皮肤温度、心率、湿度（通过汗液表达）和血氧水平的变化)”以及后文对设备如何工作的描述可知，第三段主要介绍了该设备是如何工作的。故选B。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The device matched these expressions with 92.28% accuracy (精准性). More importantly, it also found the emotional responses with 88.83% accuracy when people watched the videos with no expressions on their faces.(该设备对这些表情的匹配准确率达到了92.28%。更重要的是，当人们观看视频时脸上没有表情时，它也能以88.83%的准确率发现情绪反应)”可推知，实验结果显示了可靠的结果。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Researchers from Penn State University believe they have developed a flexible, sticker-like wearable device able to understand even the most advanced poker face (扑克脸), according to the finding published last month in the journal Nano Letters.(宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员相信，他们已经开发出一种灵活的、类似贴纸的可穿戴设备，能够理解即使是最高级的扑克脸，这一发现发表在上个月的《纳米快报》杂志上)”以及后文对设备的详细介绍可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以读取隐藏情绪的贴片设备。由此可知，B选项“A sticker: to read hidden emotions(一种贴纸：读懂隐藏的情绪)”适合作为标题。故选B。 6大常考话题三: 自然生态/环境保护（6篇） Passage 1（24-25高一下山东济南·期末） Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans. We humans try to discover the routes and have drawn our own lines, but they are not clear to us because of unexpected changes in nature. To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地). The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from — including which species cross into whose national waters. “MiCO connects almost 2,000 important habitats and shows the importance of cross-boundary teamwork,” says the research team. They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others. “For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.” MiCO works to provide useful knowledge on migratory connectivity to help protect marine species. In 2023, a UN report found climate (气候) changes are having bad influence on migratory species. MiCO catches the information from different time periods and the team hopes it may be used to tell those changes in connectivity. MiCO is also expected to collect information on more migratory marine species because there is less than one-third of data collected now. “So far, the migratory information revealed within the MiCO system only touches the surface of the true connectivity of the global oceans,” the team says. 32．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By offering advice. B．By presenting study results. C．By expressing opinions. D．By giving background information. 33．What is MiCO? A．A map that humans draw to look for marine species. B．A route which guides marine species through the oceans. C．A database that shows the lines marine species migrate along. D．A system which scientists use for researches on temperature changes. 34．Why does the writer take the example of green turtles? A．To prove the harm in fishing for migratory species. B．To show the importance of cross-country teamwork. C．To share the methods of marine species protection. D．To explain the reason for marine species to migrate. 35．Which of the following can be the data MiCO collects? A．Over 10 laws are made on marine species protection. B．There are mainly 3 elephant species living on the earth. C．Leatherback turtles travel about 20,000 km from Indonesia to Oregon. D．Thousands of people visit the whale shark habitat in South Africa every year. 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个名为MiCO的交互式地图系统，该系统用于展示海洋物种迁徙路线，并强调跨国合作对保护迁徙动物的重要性。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Many marine species (海洋物种) depend on specific routes to migrate (迁徙). The routes offer these seafaring travellers the right conditions, at the right time of year, to guide them through the oceans.(许多海洋生物依赖于特定的迁徙路线。这些路线为这些航海旅行者提供了合适的条件，在一年中的合适时间，引导他们穿越海洋。)”和第二段“To find out the routes that migratory marine species regularly take, a research team of scientists in Australia and the US have now created an interactive map that shows the paths connecting ocean habitats (栖息地).(为了找出海洋物种迁徙的常规路线，澳大利亚和美国的一个科学家研究小组制作了一张互动地图，显示了连接海洋栖息地的路径。)”可知，作者通过描述海洋物种依赖特定路线迁徙的背景信息，引出MiCO系统的研究目的。故选D项。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段“The new map, named the Migratory Connectivity in the Ocean (MiCO), collects data and makes it easier for scientists to see where migratory marine species may be falling into the paths. The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from — including which species cross into whose national waters.(这张名为‘海洋中的迁徙连通性’（MiCO）的新地图收集了数据，使科学家更容易看到迁徙海洋物种可能落入的路径。该数据库包括基于约30年数据的109个物种的信息，并显示了它们的去向和来源，包括哪些物种进入了哪些国家的水域。)”可知，MiCO是一个展示海洋物种迁徙路线的数据库。故选C项。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段中“They find that all of the species recorded in MiCO have less protection at some point in their life history because of different situations in different countries. That means no country is able to fully protect migratory species if there is no help from others.(他们发现，由于不同国家的不同情况，MiCO中记录的所有物种在其生命史的某个阶段都受到的保护较少。这意味着，如果没有其他国家的帮助，任何国家都无法充分保护迁徙物种。)”以及““For example, green turtles nest in Costa Rica and migrate north through Nicaragua and out to islands in the Caribbean,” the team says. “Although largely protected in Costa Rica, it is allowed to fish for turtles in Nicaragua and huge numbers are lost off the coast there every year.”(‘例如，绿海龟在哥斯达黎加筑巢，然后向北迁徙，穿过尼加拉瓜，到达加勒比海的岛屿，’研究小组说。‘尽管哥斯达黎加受到很大程度的保护，但尼加拉瓜允许捕捞海龟，每年都有大量海龟在海岸附近消失。’)”可知，作者通过海龟在不同国家保护差异的案例，说明跨国合作的重要性。故选B项。 35．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The database (数据库) includes information on 109 species, based on around 30 years of data, and shows where they are going to and from—including which species cross into whose national waters.(该数据库包括基于约30年数据的109个物种的信息，并显示了它们的去向和来源，包括哪些物种进入了哪些国家的水域。)”可知，MiCO收集的数据与海洋物种迁徙路线有关，选项C“棱皮龟从印度尼西亚到俄勒冈州穿行了大约2万公里。”符合这一特征。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing. Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic-linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant-based wrappers and填补 tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags. Water shortage in agriculture is a growing issue, so how to conserve water is key in tea farming. Tea plants are more water-efficient than coffee, which requires lots of irrigation (灌溉). Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco-friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation. Moreover, tea is lightweight, so transporting it has a lower environmental impact than heavy bottled drinks. Apart from that, many tea varieties can be sun dried or minimally processed, reducing carbon emissions. Supporting sustainable brands encourages the industry to adopt greener practices. But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet. 8．What major change have tea companies made in packaging? A．Focusing on sustainable design. B．Turning to advanced materials. C．Increasing plastic-linked packaging. D．Using individually wrapped bags. 9．How does the tea industry contribute to water conservation? A．Tea herbs require more water for growing. B．Tea plants absorb rainwater less efficiently. C．Tea companies introduce eco-friendly equipment. D．Tea farms depend on recycled water for irrigation. 10．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To support sustainable tea brands. B．To encourage a tea-drinking lifestyle. C．To analyze the impact of choosing tea. D．To praise green practices in tea farming. 11．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A scientific report. B．An environmental blog. C．A tea-making magazine. D．An agricultural guidebook. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在消费者环保意识增强的背景下，茶产业在可持续发展方面的优势及对环保的积极作用。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sustainable packaging is becoming a big focus in the tea industry. Companies are moving away from traditional plastic - linked tea bags to designing products that break down into harmless natural materials. Some brands are using plant - based wrappers and tins to reduce waste. Loose leaf tea is one of the best ways to reduce packaging waste as it removes the need for individually wrapped tea bags.(可持续包装正成为茶叶行业的一大焦点。各公司正在摒弃传统的与塑料相关的茶包，转而设计可分解为无害天然材料的产品。一些品牌正在使用植物基包装材料和罐子来减少浪费。散装茶叶是减少包装浪费的最佳方式之一，因为它无需单独包装的茶包。)”可知，茶叶公司在包装方面主要的改变是注重可持续设计。故选A项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many tea farms gather rainwater to reduce dependence on fresh water. Some tea herbs like rooibos and chamomile grow in dry conditions and require minimal irrigation, so they are super eco - friendly. In short, choosing tea over other drinks helps with global water conservation.(许多茶园收集雨水以减少对淡水的依赖。像路易波士茶和洋甘菊等一些草本茶在干燥条件下生长，只需极少灌溉，所以它们非常环保。简而言之，选择茶而不是其他饮料有助于全球水资源保护。)”可知，茶园依靠收集循环利用的雨水进行灌溉，从而有助于水资源保护。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But for ordinary people, choosing tea over other drinks may seem to have a more lasting impact. Whether you enjoy green tea, black tea or refreshing iced blends, your choice makes a difference. Tea is more than just a drink—it’s a step toward a healthier planet.(但对于普通人来说，选择茶而不是其他饮料可能会产生更持久的影响。无论你喜欢绿茶、红茶还是清爽的冰茶混合饮品，你的选择都意义重大。茶不仅仅是一种饮品——它是迈向更健康地球的一步。)”可知，作者写最后一段是为了鼓励人们养成饮茶的生活方式，从而为环保做贡献。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sustainability is no longer a trend—it’s a necessity. As consumers get more eco-conscious, the beverage (饮料) industry is under pressure to reduce its carbon footprint. Among all drinks, tea is the one that leads the way in sustainability. This ancient drink has an eco-friendly consumption model, from sustainable packaging to minimal processing.(可持续发展已不再是一种潮流，而是一种必然需求。随着消费者环保意识的日益增强，饮料行业面临着减少碳足迹的压力。在所有饮品中，茶在可持续发展方面走在前列。这种古老的饮品拥有一种环保的消费模式，从可持续包装到极少加工环节都有所体现)”可知，文章围绕茶产业在可持续发展方面的表现，如可持续包装、节水、低运输影响等展开，强调其对环保的积极作用，所以最有可能出自一个环保博客。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末） Anyone with even a passing interest in the natural world will have noticed a dramatic phenomenon this year: a lack of insects. Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. There are several probable reasons for this sudden reduction compared with typical summers. The weather has not helped, with a cool and wet spring across much of the country affecting insect numbers. But even with that factored in, this year’s sudden drop comes after many years of going down little by little. Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands, there are more practical implications. For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. The present position will hopefully last for a short time but is nonetheless a wake-up call about the degree of losses that have taken place in recent decades. One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. Nature is not just a nice thing to have: it is important for our national health, wealth and safety. Our butterflies and other insects are telling us something rather important. 12．What can we learn about this year’s butterflies? A．Their numbers suffer a sharp drop. B．Their species are rich and varied. C．They can be found in many places. D．Their migration habits have changed. 13．Why is Dave Goulson mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To suggest solutions to farming issues. B．To show insect numbers a century ago. C．To explain the impact of the cool wet spring. D．To offer evidence for a long-term phenomenon. 14．What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Effects. B．Advantages. C．Features. D．Opportunities. 15．What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A．Appreciate butterflies’ beauty. B．Wait for short-term recovery. C．Join in citizen science activities. D．Study insect losses professionally. 【答案】12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年昆虫数量锐减尤其是蝴蝶近乎消失的现象，分析原因并呼吁公众参与保护行动。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. (也许最明显的是蝴蝶几乎绝迹。通常很常见的物种在许多地方几乎消失殆尽。)”可知，今年蝴蝶的数量急剧下降。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. (英国顶尖昆虫学家之一戴夫·古尔森表示，与一个世纪前相比，昆虫数量减少了90%至95%。这不是一个潮湿的春天造成的：这是多种因素共同作用的结果，包括日益集约的农业兴起、动物生存环境的破坏以及气候崩溃的影响。)”可知，提到戴夫·古尔森是为了说明昆虫数量减少是一个长期现象，而非单一原因导致。故选D。 14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands (除了花园、树林和草地的令人沮丧的寂静和静止)”以及后文“For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. (例如，我们的许多作物植物，包括西红柿、苹果和草莓，都依赖野生昆虫为它们授粉。昆虫也是许多鸟类的食物来源，这些鸟类的数量也在减少。)”可知，昆虫数量减少除了带来寂静的花园等直观感受外，还有更实际的影响，比如影响农作物授粉和鸟类食物来源。故implications意思是“影响”。A. Effects影响；B. Advantages优势；C. Features特征；D. Opportunities机会。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. (我们每个人都能做的一件事就是走出去收集更多信息。本周末，一年一度的大蝴蝶计数活动开始，帮助人们调查当地情况，这是全国必要计数活动的一部分——公民科学在行动中的一个绝佳例子。)”可知，作者建议读者参与公民科学活动，如大蝴蝶计数活动，来帮助收集信息并保护昆虫。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·河南开封·期末） With humans encroaching (侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move — it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks. Researchers looked at how 62 species of animals on six continents changed their behavior in response to human activities such as hunting, farming, and development. The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras. Once night falls, the animals surveyed became far more active than they were before humans arrived, hunting and looking for food in the dark. For example, animals that used to split their activity evenly between day and night typically increased their nighttime activity to 68%. The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. So, a deer might become more active at night simply because it sees humans hiking nearby, not because it’s being hunted. The researchers believe these nighttime behaviors not only allow humans and animals to coexist more peacefully, they may be able to give us hints as to how to plan conservation efforts accordingly, such as limiting human activity during times when a specific species is more active. But moving to the nightlife could also have downsides for these animals. A nighttime lifestyle can reduce an animal’s ability to hunt and find food successfully and can even affect its ability to find a mate. Switching to a nighttime lifestyle can affect natural patterns of life even if these animals are doing so to reduce their interaction with humans. So, just because animals are becoming more active at night doesn’t mean they’ve escaped the influence of humans. 8．Why are animals becoming more active at night? A．It is easier to find food at night. B．It is easier to escape being hunted. C．They have got used to nightlife. D．They can be less affected by human. 9．How did researchers collect data in the study? A．By training animals to respond to human activities. B．By calculating the economic costs of human activities. C．By comparing animal behaviors in different continents. D．By applying tracking technologies like GPS and cameras. 10．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．Deer can get used to nightlife easily. B．Animals should stay away from humans. C．Any human encroachment can affect animals. D．Animals can be affected only when being hunted. 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．The benefits and risks of animals’ nightlife style. B．Animals should be well protected before it is too late. C．Animals move to nightlife due to human encroachments. D．Animals have their own ways to get used to life changes. 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着人类越来越多地侵入野生动物栖息地，动物们发现生存的最佳方式不是收拾行李搬家，而是要适应夜间生活。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. (狐狸、鹿、野猪等各种以往白天活动的动物，由于害怕人类活动而在夜间活动。)”可知，动物在夜间变得更加活跃，是因为此时它们受人类的影响较小。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“The studies employed various technologies to follow the animals, from GPS trackers to motion-activated cameras. (研究采用了各种技术来跟踪动物，从GPS跟踪器到运动激活相机。)”可知，研究人员通过使用诸如全球定位系统和摄像头之类的追踪技术收集数据。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“The team also found the animals responded similarly to these human encroachments, regardless of whether human activity directly affected them. (研究小组还发现，不管人类活动是否直接影响到它们，动物对这些人类侵犯的反应相似。)”可知，任何人类的侵犯都会影响动物。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With humans encroaching (侵入) more and more on wildlife habitats, animals are finding that the best way to survive isn’t to pack up and move — it’s to adapt to the night life. A variety of previously daytime animals such as foxes, deer and boars have become active at night to avoid human activity out of fear. But this nighttime switch comes with its own risks. (由于人类不断侵占野生动物的栖息地，动物们发现，要想生存下去，最好的办法不是集体迁移——而是要适应夜间生活。此前大多在白天活动的动物，如狐狸、鹿和野猪，现在都选择在夜间活动，以躲避人类的干扰，因为它们害怕人类。但这种夜间活动的转变也伴随着自身的风险。)”结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了由于人类的侵犯，动物转向夜间生活。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高一下·河南洛阳·期末） If you live in Singapore, you may have heard the adults in your family complaining about having to pay five cents for each disposable (一次性的) plastic shopping bag the supermarket. Why are supermarkets now charging for a plastic bag that used to be free? Every year, about six billion kilogrammes of rubbish ends up in the oceans. Most of this is plastic, and about sixty percent comes from the Asia-Pacific region. Some of the ocean plastics in Southeast Asia come from local consumers, but a lot of them are also exported into the region by some rich, developed countries, who do not wish to deal with their own rubbish, so they send it to developing countries with weaker regulations. Most plastic waste cannot actually be recycled because it is too dirty or mixed with other materials. In Singapore, waste is burnt, which contributes to air pollution. In other countries, rubbish is done with in landfills, which can pollute surface and groundwater resources, or might be dumped (丢弃) illegally in rivers. Plastic waste is dangerous to marine life as it can cause animals to choke. It slowly breaks apart into little pieces called microplastics, but cannot break down completely. Microplastics are swallowed by the tiniest micro-organisms and even end up in our food and bodies. However, it is not all doom and gloom. As mentioned at the beginning, charging consumers for plastic bags is an effective way to cut down on the amount of plastic that is thrown in rivers and the sea. Another way to stop plastic from entering the ocean is placing traps in rivers, such as the Interceptor, a rubbish collector, in Klang River, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In this system, floating booms (水栅) channel rubbish into the collector that collects it, and this enables rubbish to be done with properly. 12．How much of the rubbish in the oceans each year is from the Asia-Pacific region? A．About 2 billion kilogrammes. B．About 3.6 billion kilogrammes. C．About 16 billion kilogrammes. D．About 60 billion kilogrammes. 13．What may be written between paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A．How plastic waste in the sea can be recycled. B．How microplastics in the sea come into being. C．How plastic in the sea affects animals and humans. D．How we can prevent plastic from getting into the sea. 14．What does the underlined part “doom and gloom” in the last paragraph mean? A．Excitement and joy. B．Surprise and curiosity. C．Success and achievement. D．Sadness and depression. 15．What’s the function of the booms? A．They direct and send rubbish towards the collector. B．They break down the plastic waste into small pieces. C．They move and catch plastic waste on the water surface. D．They prevent plastic waste from flowing along the water. 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新加坡超市对一次性塑料袋收费，因海洋垃圾多为塑料且60%来自亚太地区，塑料危害大，也有收费、设垃圾收集器等解决办法。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Every year, about six billion kilogrammes of rubbish ends up in the oceans. Most of this is plastic, and about sixty percent comes from the Asia-Pacific region.(每年，约有60亿公斤的垃圾流入海洋。其中大部分是塑料制品，而约60%的垃圾来自亚太地区)”可知，每年海洋中的垃圾中有60亿公斤×60%=36亿公斤来自亚太地区。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Most plastic waste cannot actually be recycled because it is too dirty or mixed with other materials. In Singapore, waste is burnt, which contributes to air pollution. In other countries, rubbish is done with in landfills, which can pollute surface and groundwater resources, or might be dumped (丢弃) illegally in rivers. Plastic waste is dangerous to marine life as it can cause animals to choke. It slowly breaks apart into little pieces called microplastics, but cannot break down completely. Microplastics are swallowed by the tiniest micro-organisms and even end up in our food and bodies.(大多数塑料废弃物实际上无法进行回收利用，因为它们太脏或者混有其他物质。在新加坡，废弃物会被焚烧，这会导致空气污染。而在其他一些国家，垃圾则被填埋处理，这可能会污染地表和地下水资源，或者可能会被非法倾倒到河流中。塑料废弃物对海洋生物来说是危险的，因为它会导致动物窒息。塑料会慢慢分解成微小的颗粒，称为微塑料，但无法完全分解。微塑料会被最微小的微生物吞食，甚至会进入我们的食物和体内)”以及第四段“However, it is not all doom and gloom. As mentioned at the beginning, charging consumers for plastic bags is an effective way to cut down on the amount of plastic that is thrown in rivers and the sea.(然而，情况并非全是悲观绝望的。正如开头所提到的，向消费者收取塑料袋费用是一种有效的方法，能够减少被丢弃在河流和海洋中的塑料数量)”可知，第3段讲塑料垃圾的危害（无法回收、污染、危害海洋生物等），第4段讲解决办法。由此可推知，两段之间可能会进一步阐述海洋塑料对动物和人类的具体影响，承接第三段的危害内容，故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Most plastic waste cannot actually be recycled because it is too dirty or mixed with other materials.(大多数塑料废弃物实际上无法进行回收利用，因为它们太脏或者混有其他物质)”以及第四段中划线部分后文“As mentioned at the beginning, charging consumers for plastic bags is an effective way to cut down on the amount of plastic that is thrown in rivers and the sea.(正如开头所提到的，向消费者收取塑料袋费用是一种有效的方法，能够减少被丢弃在河流和海洋中的塑料数量)”可知，前文讲塑料垃圾的危害，后文讲解决办法，说明情况并非全是悲观绝望的。故划线词意思是“悲伤与绝望”。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Another way to stop plastic from entering the ocean is placing traps in rivers, such as the Interceptor, a rubbish collector, in Klang River, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In this system, floating booms (水栅) channel rubbish into the collector that collects it, and this enables rubbish to be done with properly.(另一种阻止塑料进入海洋的方法是在河流中设置垃圾收集装置，例如马来西亚吉隆坡巴生河中的“拦截者”垃圾收集器。在这个系统中，漂浮的水栅会将垃圾引入收集器，由收集器对垃圾进行收集，这样就能对垃圾进行妥善处理)”可知，这些水栅的作用是将垃圾引入收集器。故选A。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·安徽联考·期末） The vast area of Patagonia remains mostly unaffected by men, but oil pollution, long-time climate change and local fisheries still pose many risks to the millions of Magellanic penguins (企鹅) that return there to breed (繁殖) and nest each year. “They are the lords of this place,” says Pablo Borboroglu, the founder and president of the Global Penguin Society. “Most people think that there are only three or four species of penguins and they all live on ice because of movies or cartoons,” he says, but these assumptions are far from true. Of 18 species of penguins, only four are limited to Antarctica. “The penguins that are facing more problems are the ones that have to coexist with the humans,” he notes. Borboroglu thinks that mutually beneficial coexistence between humans and animals is essential for the penguins’ survival. His team promotes eco-tourism and fosters conversations with governments and entrepreneurs (企业家) . In many developing countries, leaders want to help save species, but hard financial realities sometimes get in the way. Still, there are victories. Ten years ago, Borboroglu and his team discovered a new group of penguins. There were only six pairs. So, his team made a plan to reward locals. They pushed to establish an ecotourism operation, and worked with locals on management plans. The effort created jobs for people and generated local interest in the penguins. Ten years later, they counted almost 2,600 pairs, and the number continues to grow. Borboroglu also firmly believes that investing in public education will ensure lasting impact, especially among young people. So, he designs education programs teaching an appreciation of penguins and their needs, knowing that these children will someday be future leaders. 8．What’s the common misunderstanding about penguins? A．All of them live on ice. B．There are 18 species on the Earth. C．They are facing survival problems. D．Only 4 species live on Antarctica. 9．Which may Borboroglu agree with about the penguins’ survival? A．Entrepreneurs should help with financial difficulties. B．Developing countries should do more to save penguins. C．Governments should control the development of tourism. D．Humans should coexist with penguins in a friendly way. 10．Why does the author make a comparison in Paragraph 4? A．To show penguins’ ability to breed. B．To prove the achievement the team got. C．To inspire people’s interest in penguins. D．To introduce ways to protect penguins. 11．What will Borboroglu do to continue protecting penguins? A．Choose the future leaders. B．Build colder habitats for penguins. C．Raise money for penguins. D．Promote education projects among the young. 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了巴塔哥尼亚地区的麦哲伦企鹅面临的生存威胁及Borboroglu团队通过生态旅游、政府合作和教育项目保护企鹅的努力。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段““Most people think that there are only three or four species of penguins and they all live on ice because of movies or cartoons,” he says, but these assumptions are far from true.(他说：“因为电影或漫画，大多数人认为只有三到四种企鹅，而且它们都生活在冰上。”但这些假设远非事实。)”可知，常见误解是所有企鹅都生活在冰上。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Borboroglu thinks that mutually beneficial coexistence between humans and animals is essential for the penguins’ survival.(Borboroglu认为，人类与动物的互利共存对企鹅的生存至关重要。)”可知，Borboroglu主张人类应与企鹅友好共存。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Still, there are victories. Ten years ago, Borboroglu and his team discovered a new group of penguins. There were only six pairs. So, his team made a plan to reward locals. They pushed to establish an ecotourism operation, and worked with locals on management plans. The effort created jobs for people and generated local interest in the penguins. Ten years later, they counted almost 2,600 pairs, and the number continues to grow.(尽管如此，还是有成功的时刻。十年前，Borboroglu和他的团队发现了一组新的企鹅。只有六对。因此，他的团队制定了一个奖励当地人的计划。他们推动建立生态旅游业务，并与当地人合作制定管理计划。这项工作为人们创造了就业机会，并激发了当地人对企鹅的兴趣。十年后，他们统计了近2600对，而且这个数字还在继续增长。)”可知，作者通过对比证明团队保护措施的有效性。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, he designs education programs teaching an appreciation of penguins and their needs, knowing that these children will someday be future leaders.(因此，他设计教育项目，教导人们欣赏企鹅及其需求，因为他知道这些孩子有一天会成为未来的领导者)”可知，Borboroglu将继续推动针对年轻人的教育项目。故选D。 6大常考话题四: 社会服务与人际沟通（4篇） Passage 1（24-25高一下·山东烟台·期末） Madagascar is home to amazing forest ecosystems, many of which are at risk due to human activities. UNESCO’s professional training programme is giving hands-on skills to over 60 young people, unlocking new careers with environmental efforts. Jean, a young local guy, worked for a long time as a day labourer, taking on various dangerous jobs in construction. “I could only earn about $7 per day at such dangerous conditions,” he explains. His situation changed completely when he joined UNESCO’s BIOCOM project training programme, which aims to give job choices of preventing the destructive use of forest resources and supporting environmental protection for communities living in and around Madagascar’s national parks. After the training, Jean became a metalworker and created eco-friendly park facilities, like trash bins and signposts, reducing wood consumption. He now earns $20 daily, proving green jobs pay better and protect forests. Despite Jean’s individual success, there are broader challenges. In his community, many young people face challenges in completing education and obtaining training. Half of those who enter secondary school fail to graduate. Lacking opportunities, many turn to harvest resources directly in the surrounding national parks, often in unsustainable ways, which threatens the other two BIOCOM project sites: Marojejy National Park and Andohahela National Park, both of which have been on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2010. UNESCO’s program equips regional youth with skills for green careers. This helps prevent unsustainable local practices, such as cutting down trees illegally and overuse of firewood. For Jean, the impact of these training programs goes beyond himself. “Thanks to these training programs, we’ve become pioneers, showing the young in our villages that other career paths are out there and within reach,” he said. Jean’s example shows sustainable work can rebuild communities. UNESCO’s training programme in Madagascar lights hope, benefiting both the young and the environment in the long run. 24．What does Jean think of his previous work? A．Risky and low-paid. B．Pioneering but boring. C．Stressful and fast-paced. D．Meaningful but time-consuming. 25．What’s the purpose of the training programme? A．To better locals’ living standards. B．To advance the tourism industry. C．To provide environmental career options. D．To help the young complete education. 26．Why are the two national parks mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To prove the necessity of the project. B．To highlight young people’s preference for them. C．To compare their roles in conducting the project. D．To call for international attention to park maintenance. 27．Which of the following can describe the programme? A．Temporary. B．Far-reaching. C．Short-sighted. D．Entertaining. 【答案】24．A 25．C 26．A 27．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织在马达加斯加开展的环保培训项目及其影响。 24．细节理解题。 根据第二段的““I could only earn about $7 per day at such dangerous conditions,” he explains.”(他解释说：“在如此危险的条件下，我每天只能挣到大约7美元。”)”可知，Jean认为他之前的工作危险且报酬低。故选A。 25．细节理解题。 根据第三段的“His situation changed completely when he joined UNESCO’s BIOCOM project training programme, which aims to give job choices of preventing the destructive use of forest resources and supporting environmental protection for communities living in and around Madagascar’s national parks.(当他加入联合国教科文组织的BIOCOM项目培训计划时，他的情况完全改变了，该计划旨在为生活在马达加斯加国家公园内及周围的社区提供防止森林资源破坏性利用和支持环境保护的工作选择)”可知，培训计划的目的是提供环保职业选择。故选C。 26．推理判断题。 根据第四段的“Lacking opportunities, many turn to harvest resources directly in the surrounding national parks, often in unsustainable ways, which threatens the other two BIOCOM project sites: Marojejy National Park and Andohahela National Park, both of which have been on the List of World Heritage in Danger since 2010.(由于缺乏机会，许多人转向直接在周围的国家公园开采资源，往往以不可持续的方式进行，这威胁到了另外两个BIOCOM项目地点：Marojejy国家公园和Andohahela国家公园，这两个公园自2010年以来一直被列入世界遗产濒危名录)”可知，许多年轻人因为缺乏机会而转向不可持续的资源开采方式，这威胁到了两个国家公园，从而证明了项目的必要性。故选A。 27．推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Jean’s example shows sustainable work can rebuild communities. UNESCO’s training programme in Madagascar lights hope, benefiting both the young and the environment in the long run.(Jean的例子表明，可持续的工作可以重建社区。联合国教科文组织在马达加斯加的培训计划点燃了希望，从长远来看，这对年轻人和环境都有利)”可推知，该计划具有深远的影响。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末） In Tallahassee, Florida, there’s a high school science teacher named Yennifer Castillo, who reshapes not just classrooms but college students’ future. For Castillo, teaching is to make a dream come true. She devotes herself to decorating her classroom each summer, inspired by the teachers she had when growing up. She documents her beautifully handmade classroom decorations based on favorite childhood shows and movies such as Lilo & Stitch and posts videos on social media, making herself a hit. She believes in the power of applying social media to inspiring others. However, it is far from easy. She says it typically takes the entire summer to prepare, and she spends between $300 and $400 each school year. But it’s totally worth it, as she adds, to make her students welcome and comfortable and know someone takes the time to invite them in. Castillo is also making a lasting impact beyond her school walls, with her masterpiece Annual College Essentials Basket Giveaway. Since 2018, she has collected and donated baskets filled with necessities like sheets, comforters, and school supplies to first-year college students. “I started this giveaway because I know firsthand how tough it can be to start college without the basics.” Castillo says, drawing from her own story. Her mission is clear: to reduce financial burdens and remind them they’re never alone. This year, she’s invited the world to join her through a GoFundMe campaign, expanding the ripple (连锁反应) of kindness. As Castillo puts it, “It doesn’t matter how far you go in life. You can always give back to your community. If everyone does just one act of kindness, the world will be a better place.” 24．What makes Castillo popular on social media? A．Making donations to students. B．Posting comments on movies. C．Sharing her decoration videos. D．Displaying her growth stories. 25．What does Castillo think of her decorations in the classroom? A．Showy but thoughtful. B．Self-created and low-cost. C．Traditional and invaluable. D．Time-consuming but rewarding. 26．Why did Castillo start the Annual College Essentials Basket Giveaway? A．To achieve her childhood dream. B．To seek more aid for her project. C．To back college freshmen in need. D．To broaden social media influence. 27．What can we learn from Castillo? A．Still waters run deep. B．No act of kindness is ever wasted. C．Wealth makes charity. D．No way is impossible to courage. 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了佛罗里达州的高中科学老师Yennifer Castillo通过装饰教室和举办年度大学必需品篮子捐赠活动来激励学生并回馈社区的故事。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She documents her beautifully handmade classroom decorations based on favorite childhood shows and movies such as Lilo & Stitch and posts videos on social media, making herself a hit.(她根据自己童年时期喜欢的节目和电影，如《星际宝贝》，记录下自己精心手工制作的教室装饰，并将视频发布到社交媒体上，使自己大受欢迎)”可知，她在社交媒体上分享自己的装饰视频使她受欢迎。故选C。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“She says it typically takes the entire summer to prepare, and she spends between $300 and $400 each school year. But it’s totally worth it, as she adds, to make her students welcome and comfortable and know someone takes the time to invite them in.(她说通常要花整个夏天来准备，每个学年她要花300到400美元。但这是完全值得的，她补充说，这样做是为了让她的学生感到受欢迎和舒适，并让他们知道有人愿意花时间邀请他们进来)”可知，Castillo认为装饰教室耗时但值得。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since 2018, she has collected and donated baskets filled with necessities like sheets, comforters, and school supplies to first-year college students. “I started this giveaway because I know firsthand how tough it can be to start college without the basics.” Castillo says, drawing from her own story.(自2018年以来，她一直在收集并向大学新生捐赠装满床单、被子和学校用品等必需品的篮子。“我发起这个捐赠活动是因为我亲身体会到没有基本生活用品上大学有多艰难。”Castillo以自己的经历为例说道)”可知，她发起这个活动是为了帮助有需要的大一新生。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As Castillo puts it, “It doesn’t matter how far you go in life. You can always give back to your community. If everyone does just one act of kindness, the world will be a better place.(正如Castillo所说：“人生无论走多远，你都可以回馈社区。如果每个人都做一件善事，世界将会变得更美好。”)”可知，我们可以从Castillo身上学到“善举从不白费”的道理。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽联考·期末） IShowSpeed is a 20-year-old YouTuber from the U. S., who went viral during his recent trip to China. His videos from this trip got millions of views and not just on YouTube, but also reposted across Chinese social platforms like Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, and Douyin. The Chinese Embassy in the U. S. posted about Speed’s China trip really on Twitter. Speed’s China trip showed people a different side of China — warm, real, full of life. People call him “Jia Kang Ge” because he is extremely energetic in front of the camera, always jumping around and shouting. Netizens gave him this nickname as a playful joke, but it also carries a sense of affection. The literal meaning of “Jia Kang Ge” is hyperthyroidism.  Basically, hyper energy and chaotic charm. Speed, an American YouTuber, has gained immense attention for his travel experiences in China. One of his livestreams from China hit three million views. He not only visited multiple cities but also immersed himself in the local culture. He wore a big floral padded jacket, tried stinky tofu, and danced in public squares with kids. He walked the streets of Chengdu, surrounded by fans. He wasn’t just a tourist snapping pictures. Even though he is an international star, in China, he was completely natural — zero celebrity distance. People find him down to earth. Netizens say he is “crazy but real”. The way he genuinely explored China made a lot of people think:“Maybe we should be more open to other cultures, too.” One of the netizens says, “You can feel his sincere curiosity and reactions. China stream has been by far the best stream ever for Speed. He went up against a lot of pressure not to go to China, but he did. It turned out amazing.” 4．What does the nickname “Jia Kang Ge” reflect about Speed? A．His popularity among netizens. B．His energetic character and charm. C．His love for jumping and shouting. D．His physical illness and hyper energy. 5．What docs the underlined word  “immense” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Little. B．Moderate . C．Negative. D．Huge. 6．What did netizens think of Speed’s exploration in China? A．It was funny but real. B．It had a positive influence. C．It was fruitless and stressful. D．It proved to be a waste of time. 7．What is the text about? A．The Chinese Embassy posted a trip on YouTube. B．The origin of a unique nickname of an American. C．An American YouTuber adapted to Chinese culture.· D．A young YouTuber’s journey in China and its impact. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了 20 岁的美国YouTube博主IShowSpeed在中国的旅行经历及其产生的影响。他的中国之行视频在中美各大社交平台广泛传播，他充满活力的表现和对中国文化的真实探索受到网友喜爱，引发人们对不同文化的思考。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“People call him“Jia Kang Ge” because he is extremely energetic in front of the camera, always jumping around and shouting. Netizens gave him this nickname as a playful joke, but it also carries a sense of affection. The literal meaning of “Jia Kang Ge” is hyperthyroidism. Basically, hyper energy and chaotic charm.(人们称他为“甲亢哥”，因为他在镜头前精力极其充沛，总是跳来跳去大喊大叫。网友们开着玩笑给他取了这个昵称，但它也饱含着一种喜爱之情。“甲亢哥”字面意思是甲状腺机能亢进。根本上来说，代表着精力充沛和一种随性的魅力)”可知，“甲亢哥” 这个昵称反映了他精力充沛的性格和魅力。故选B。 5．词句猜测题。根据第三段 “Speed, an American YouTuber, has gained immense attention for his travel experiences in China. One of his livestreams from China hit three million views.(美国YouTube博主Speed因其在中国的旅行经历获得了____关注。他在中国的一次直播观看量达到了300万)”结合观看量达300万可知，他获得了大量关注，可推测“immense”意为“巨大的”，与Huge意义相近。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Netizens say he is “crazy but real”. The way he genuinely explored China made a lot of people think: “Maybe we should be more open to other cultures, too.” One of the netizens says, “You can feel his sincere curiosity and reactions. China stream has been by far the best stream ever for Speed. He went up against a lot of pressure not to go to China, but he did. It turned out amazing.”(网友们说他“疯狂但真实”。他对中国的真诚探索让很多人思考：“也许我们也应该对其他文化更加开放”一位网友说：“你能感受到他真诚的好奇和反应。中国之行的直播是Speed目前为止最棒的一次直播。他顶着很多压力没有不去中国，但他还是去了。结果非常惊人”)”可推断，网友认为Speed对中国的探索产生了积极影响，让人们思考对其他文化的态度。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“IShowSpeed is a 20-year-old YouTuber from the U.S., who went viral during his recent trip to China. His videos from this trip got millions of views and not just on YouTube, but also reposted across Chinese social platforms like Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, and Douyin. (IShowSpeed 是一名20岁的美国YouTube博主，他在最近的中国之行中走红。他这次旅行的视频获得了数百万浏览量，而且不仅在 YouTube 上，还在中国的社交平台如哔哩哔哩、小红书和抖音上被转载)”表明了Speed在中国旅行以及其旅行视频广泛传播这一事实，体现了他的中国之行；根据第四段“Netizens say he is “crazy but real”. The way he genuinely explored China made a lot of people think: “Maybe we should be more open to other cultures, too.”(网友们说他“疯狂但真实”。他对中国的真诚探索让很多人思考：“也许我们也应该对其他文化更加开放”)”说明了他的中国之行对人们产生了影响，引发了人们对于文化态度的思考。所以选项D“A young YouTuber’s journey in China and its impact.（一位年轻 YouTube 博主的中国之行及其影响）”准确概括了文章内容。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·河北石家庄·期末） As 18,000-plus hockey fans filed into climate Pledge Arena for the Seattle Kraken’s first-ever home game, Brian Hamilton, one of the support staff members for the visiting Vancouver Canucks, lay out the team’s hockey sticks, masks and bottled water. As he did so, he didn’t notice the woman, Nadia Popovici, who took the seat directly behind him. Nor did she pay much attention to him. That would change soon enough. Halfway through the action, Popovici’s eyes locked onto something odd on the man sitting with the Canucks players. Through the stadium glass, she spotted an ugly-looking mole(痣) on the back of Hamilton’s neck: reddish and raised with an irregular border. She had seen plenty like it as a hospital volunteer and soon-to-be medical student, so she was pretty sure it was a cancerous mole. What she wasn’t sure of was how to approach Hamilton. “It’s so uncomfortable to have something on your body pointed out,” she told the Seattle Times. But she knew she had to say something. As Hamilton lingered near the ice between periods, Popovici, dressed in Kraken kit, tapped on the glass, keyed in a message on her phone and held the screen against the barrier: “The mole on the back of your neck looks like it might be cancerous. You might want to go see a doctor!” Hamilton glanced at the brightly lit message for only a second. That’s strange, he thought. Walking away, he uneasily rubbed the back of his neck. A few days later, he visited the Canucks’ doctor, who agreed that the mole looked alarming and ordered a tissue examination. It came back positive — life-threatening if left unattended. Hamilton had the mole removed, and his recovery is excellent. “She took me out of a slow fire,” says Hamilton. “The words out of the doctor’s mouth were if I ignored that for four to five years, I wouldn’t be here.” The two connected at the next Canucks-Kraken matchup, where Hamilton was able to express his heartfelt gratitude to his guardian angel in person and tell her that his mom loves her. No thanks were necessary, Popovici told the Athletic, “It was just one moment in our lives where we crossed paths at the right time.” 4．What was Brain Hamilton? A．An assistant. B．A coach. C．A player. D．A doctor. 5．How did Nadia Popovici warn Hamilton? A．By passing a note. B．By informing a doctor. C．By typing a message. D．By telling him directly. 6．What was the result of Hamilton’s tissue examination? A．The mole was cancerous. B．He needed further tests. C．The mole was incurable. D．He needed regular treatment. 7．What can we infer from Popovici’s words in the last paragraph? A．She regretted not acting sooner. B．She wanted Hamilton to thank her. C．She believed it was pure coincidence. D．She planned the encounter in advance. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在一场冰球比赛中，Nadia Popovici发现Brian Hamilton后颈的痣可能是癌变的，并通过手机留言提醒他，最终让Hamilton及时就医的故事。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Brian Hamilton, one of the support staff members for the visiting Vancouver Canucks, lay out the team’s hockey sticks, masks and bottled water. (布莱恩・汉密尔顿是来访的温哥华加人队的支持人员之一，他摆放着球队的曲棍球棍、$