Unit 4 Heroes.Starting out & Understanding ideas知识清单2026-2027学年外研版九年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 4 Heroes的核心词汇、短语和句式。从11个核心单词的词性、释义、搭配及相关词辨析入手，到5个核心短语的用法及拓展，再到7个核心句式的结构分析和语法点讲解，形成由基础到综合的学习支架。 知识链路按词汇-短语-句式递进，通过对比辨析（如death, die等词的用法区分）、搭配拓展（如give up接动词-ing形式）、句型解析（如It is + n. + that从句）提升语言能力，结合英雄主题例句培养文化意识，逻辑清晰助力学习能力发展，便于学生系统掌握知识。

Unit 4 Heroes.Starting out & Understanding ideas知识清单 Part1核心单词 1 fearless /'fɪələs/ adj. 无畏的，不怕的 fearless adj. 意为无畏的，不怕的，be fearless in the face of danger 面对危险无所畏惧。 fearless 不能用“very”修饰，需用“completely/totally”等副词修饰。 fearless 的相关词：(1)fear v. & n . 害怕；恐惧；担心 (2)fearful adj. 可怕的；担心的 (3)fearlessly adv. 无畏地；勇敢地 (4)fearfully adv. 害怕地 例：She showed fearless determination in the face of danger. 她在危险面前表现出了无畏的决心。 To pursue the truth, scientists must be completely fearless of failure. 为了追求真相，科学家必须对失败毫无畏惧。 He feels fear when he's alone at night.他晚上一个人时会感到害怕。 Drivers slow down near schools for fear of hitting pedestrians. 司机在学校附近减速慢行，生怕撞到行人。 2 bravely /'breɪvli/ adv. 勇敢地，无畏地 bravely adv. 意为“勇敢地，无畏地”，常用搭配：(1)act bravely 勇敢行动 (2)fight bravely 英勇作战 (3) face difficulties bravely 勇敢面对困难=face difficulties with bravery bravely 的相关词：(1)brave adj. 勇敢的 (2)bravery n. 勇敢 例：The soldiers fought back bravely against the enemy. 士兵们勇敢地反击敌人。 She was brave enough to speak in front of the whole class. 她足够勇敢，在全班面前发言。 The story is about the bravery of a young hero.这个故事讲述了一个年轻英雄的英勇(事迹)。 3 footstep /'fʊtstep/ n. 足迹 footstep 是由“名词+ 名词”构成的合成词，意为“足迹”。常见搭配： (1)follow sb's footsteps 追寻某人的足迹 (2)leave footsteps 留下足迹 (3) follow in sb's footsteps 效仿某人(尤指从事相同职业或生活方式) 例：We saw animal footsteps in the snow.我们在雪地里看到了动物的足迹。 The hunter followed the animal's footsteps in the snow.猎人跟着雪地里动物的足迹前行。 He decided to follow in his father's footsteps and become a doctor. 他决定追随他父亲的脚步，成为一名医生。 4 death /deθ/ n. 死，死亡 辨析：death, die, dead 与dying death  n. 死亡；破灭 在句中作主语或宾语。 die  v. 死 在句中作谓语，为非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。die of 因……而死。 dead  adj. 死的 在句中作定语或表语，表状态。be dead 可与一段时间连用。 dying adj. 临终的；快要消失的 在句中作定语或表语。the dying 临终者，垂死者。 例：I heard of his death when I got to his house.我到他家时得知了他的死讯。 He was born in 1847 and died in 1913.他生于1847 年，死于1913 年。 Many people died of the disease.许多人死于这种疾病。 The tree in our yard is dead.我们院子里的那棵树死了。 It's sad to see a dying culture being forgotten.看到一种濒临消失的文化被遗忘，令人难过。 5 gentle /'dʒentl/ adj. 温和的，温柔的 gentle adj. 意为“温和的，温柔的”。 be gentle with sb 对某人温和。 gentle 作形容词，还可意为“柔和的；平缓的”。 gentle 的相关词：(1)gently adv. 温和地；轻柔地 (2)gentleness n. 温和；和善 例：The old man is a gentle person who always helps others. 这位老人是个温和的人，总是帮助别人。 The teacher was gentle with the nervous student.老师对那位紧张的学生很温和。 Use a gentle touch when handling these fragile objects.拿这些易碎物品时要轻拿轻放。 6 pity /'pɪti/ n. 可惜，遗憾 pity n. 意为“可惜，遗憾”，相当于shame。常用于句型： (1)It's a pity that... 真可惜…… (2) what a pity“真遗憾”，常见的口语表达，用于表达遗憾的心情。 pity 作名词，还可意为“怜悯”，此时不等同于shame。 take pity on... 同情/ 怜悯……。 pity 还可作动词，意为“同情；怜悯”。 例：It's a pity you can't come to my birthday party.真可惜你不能来我的生日派对。 What a pity! The library is closed on Mondays.真遗憾！图书馆周一不开放。 The girl often takes pity on small animals.这个女孩常常怜悯小动物。 7 war /wɔː/ n. 战争 war n. 意为“战争”，常见搭配：(1)start a war 发动战争 (2)end a war 结束战争 (3)fight a war 作战；打仗 (4)be at war 处于战争状态 (5)go to war 参战 (6)the Second World War 第二次世界大战 例：People hope there will be no war in the world.人们希望世界上没有战争。 The story warns us that small conflicts can start a war.这个故事警示我们，小冲突可能引发战争。 The peace agreement helped them end a war peacefully.和平协议帮助他们和平地结束了战争。 The two countries have been at war for five years.这两个国家已经处于战争状态五年了。 8 fixed /fɪkst/ adj. 固定的；不变的 fixed adj. 意为“固定的；不变的”。既可作表语也可作定语。常见搭配有： (1)fixed asset 固定资产 (2)fixed routine 固定日程 (3)fixed cost 固定成本 (4)fixed income 固定收入 fixed 还可以是动词fix 的过去式、过去分词形式。get fixed 被修理。 例：The date of the meeting is fixed.会议的日期已经确定了。 She has a fixed routine every day.她每天都有固定的日程安排。 The car got fixed yesterday. 车昨天修好了。 9 entry /'entri/ n.(日记的)一则 entry n. 意为“(日记的)一则”，复数形式为entries。an entry in a diary日记上的一项记录；一则日记。 entry 作名词的其他词义及用法：(1)“进入”，不可数名词，entry to/into a place“进入某地的权利”。(2)“入口；通道”，可数名词，the entry to the building“大楼的入口”。(3)“参赛作品”，可数名词，an entry for + 比赛名称“某比赛的参赛作品”。 例：I added an entry in my diary about the show.我在日记中记录了关于演出的内容。 Entry into the museum is free for children.儿童可免费进入博物馆。 Please use the side entry to the building if the main door is locked. 如果正门锁了，请走这座大楼的侧门通道。 10 temperature /'temprətʃə/ n. 温度，气温 temperature n. 意为“温度，气温”。常见搭配： (1)at a high/ low temperature 在高温/ 低温下 (2)the temperature of... ……的温度 (3)temperature rises/falls 温度上升/ 下降 temperature 作名词，还可意为“体温”。常见搭配： (1)take one's temperature 量体温 (2)have a temperature=have a fever 发烧 例：The temperature outside is 25°C today—perfect for a picnic! 今天外面的气温是25℃，适合野餐！ High temperatures are common in summer.夏天常常气温很高。 The temperature of the water is just right for swimming. 这个水温正适合游泳。 11 selfless /'selfləs/ adj. 忘我的，无私的 selfless adj. 意为“忘我的，无私的”，既可作定语也可作表语。比较级是more selfless，最高级是the most selfless。 反义词：selfish adj. 自私的 selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地 例：He is so selfless that he often donates his salary to charity. 他非常无私，经常把工资捐给慈善事业。 Her devotion to charity was selfless.她对慈善事业的投入是无私的。 It's selfish to take all the cookies.把饼干都拿走是自私的。 Mary volunteers selflessly at the community center every weekend. 玛丽每个周末都无私地在社区中心做志愿者。 Part2 核心短语 1 according to 根据；依照 according to 意为“根据；依照”。according to sb “在某人看来/ 据某人说”。 例：According to Betty, curiosity and creativity play the biggest role. 贝蒂认为，好奇心和创造力起着最大的作用。 According to the teacher, we should finish our homework before playing games. 根据老师的要求，我们应该在玩游戏之前完成作业。 According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.根据天气预报，明天会是晴天。 2 give up 放弃 give up 意为“放弃”，可单独使用，也可接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式作宾语。宾语为代词时，要放在give 与up 之间。give up doing sth 放弃做某事/ 戒除某种习惯。 “动词+up”构成的其他常见短语：(1)cheer up(使)振作起来 (2)put up 建造；张贴 (3)set up 建起；设立 (4)pick up 拿起；(开车)接某人 例：As we know, true heroes never give up when they face challenges. 众所周知，真正的英雄在面对挑战时从不放弃。 English is very important, so you can’t give it up.英语很重要，因此你不能放弃它。 He gave up all his free time this week to help us.本周他牺牲了全部业余时间来帮助我们。 3 as... as... 和……一样…… as... as... 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较，两个as 中间应用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为not as/so... as...“不如……”。 与as... as... 相关的常见搭配：(1)as soon as 一……就…… (2)as far as 就……而言 (3)as long as 只要 (4)as... as possible 尽可能地…… 例：In the dream, he grew a new type of rice that was as big as a peanut. 在梦里，他种植了一种和花生一样大的新型水稻。 Tom jumped as high as Jack. 汤姆和杰克跳得一样高。 It's not as/so hard as I thought. 它没有我想象的那么困难。 As soon as the rain stops, the Whites will go for a picnic. 雨一停，怀特一家人就去野餐。 4 not only... but also... 不但……而且…… not only... but also... 用于连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或句子。 not only... but also... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词与but also 后的主语一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 连接两个分句且not only 置于句首时，第一个分句使用部分倒装。but also 所在的分句中，主语可以放在but 和also 之间。 用于连接并列成分的短语还有：(1)either... or... 或者……或者…… (2)neither... nor... 既不……也不…… (3)both... and... ……和……都 例：Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys this book. 不仅学生们而且老师也喜欢这本书。 She not only speaks Chinese but also teaches it.她不但说汉语而且教汉语。 I enjoy not only reading but also writing.我不但喜欢阅读而且喜欢写作。 Not only does he play football, but also he coaches the team. 他不但踢足球，还担任球队教练。 Not only does the library offer books, but it also provides free digital resources for readers. 这家图书馆不仅提供书籍，还为读者提供免费的数字资源。 not only... but also... 用于连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或句子。 5 bring up抚养；养育 例：I should bring you up. Part3 核心句式 1 It's a pity that l can't complete my duty. 很遗憾，我无法完成我的职责。 (1)分析结构 此句是“It is + n. + that 从句”句型，其中It 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that 从句。It is a pity that... 遗憾的是/ 很可惜…… (2)“It is + n. + t hat 从句”句型还有： ①It is a shame that... 遗憾的是…… ②It is good news that... ……是好消息。 ③It is no wonder that... 难怪…… ④It is a wonder that... 令人惊奇的是…… ⑤It is a fact that... 事实是…… 例：It is a pity that this novel has been lost to the world.这本小说现在已经失传于世，真是可惜。 It is a shame that the ancient building was destroyed by the storm. 遗憾的是这座古建筑被暴风雨摧毁了。 2 A hero is someone who has done something brave, new, or good and is therefore admired by a lot of people. something brave形容词修饰不定代词，放在不定代词之后。 3 If you describe somebody as your hero, you mean that you admire them a great deal, usually because of a quality or skill that they have. a great deal副词短语，意为“非常；极其”，用来修饰动词。 4 What was she like? What + be动词+某人/某物+ like?意为“某人/某物是什么样子的？”，常用来询问事物的外观或人的品质、个性，也可询问人的外貌特征。 5 So, I never got to know her. got to know逐渐了解 6 My teacher said that Grandma was a fearless soldier who bravely died for China. 长难句分析：此句是复合句。主句是My teacher said，that引导宾语从句，其中who bravely died for China是定语从句修饰先行词soldier。 7 Although it was very difficult, they stayed at their posts. 长难句分析：此句是复合句，主句是they stayed at their posts，从句是Although引导的让步状语从句， 其中it是主语。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $