热点20 跨学科融合阅读（物理+化学+地理+心理+生物）（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析）2026年中考英语趋势性主题阅读

**基本信息** 以英语为载体融合物理、化学等五大学科，通过真实情境阅读考查跨学科知识理解与语言综合运用，体现语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |英语+物理|5题|原理应用、图文匹配|热空气密度变化原理→热气球升降机制→气体安全性比较| |英语+化学|5题|实验步骤、安全规范|酸碱反应生成CO₂→实验操作流程→安全注意事项| |英语+地理|10题|现象解释、图表分析|地球自转速度变化→日月运行规律→引力对昼夜的影响| |英语+心理|5题|概念理解、效应分析|单纯曝光效应→重复暴露与偏好形成→应用边界条件| |英语+生物|10题|成因探究、实验验证|晕车平衡系统冲突→100Hz纯音缓解机制；压力下鼻温变化→生理反应原理|

热点20 跨学科融合阅读（物理+化学+地理+心理+生物） 1 英语+物理 热空气的科学原理及其在飞行方面的应用 2 英语+化学 介绍了用小苏打和醋给气球充气的实验步骤、原理及安全注意事项 3 英语+地理 地球自转速度并非恒定不变，有些日子略长于24小时，有些则略短 4 英语+地理 太阳和月亮的不同特点，包括太阳持续发光、月亮反射太阳光、满月和新月时的不同现象等。 5 英语+心理 介绍了心理学中的 “单纯曝光效应” 6 英语+生物 介绍了晕车成因，并介绍了100 赫兹纯音缓解晕车的新方法及应用 7 英语+生物 介绍了一项科学研究，发现人在压力状态下鼻子温度会下降 01 英语+物理 （2026·山东青岛·一模）The first hot-air balloon was created in 1783. The hot-air balloon is one of the simplest forms of transportation and is still in use today. It uses hot air stuck inside a huge balloon to lift passengers high into the sky. Why can hot air do that? That is because gases are made up of billions of atoms (原子) or molecules (分子) that move around freely. The hotter a gas gets, the faster they move and the farther they spread out, making the gas expand (膨胀). When the balloon is on the ground, the air inside it is not much warmer than the air outside. Air molecules inside and out are equally spaced (等距)—we say they have the same density (密度). When the pilot heats the air inside the balloon, the molecules spread out. The air in the balloon becomes less dense, which makes it lighter. As a result, the balloon rises. The warmer the air in the balloon gets, the less dense and lighter it gets compared to the heavier, cooler air outside. The balloon rises higher and higher. To bring the balloon back down, the pilot needs to cool the air inside it. He releases (释放) some of the hot air through an opening at the top. Cool air is drawn in at the bottom to take the place of it, and the balloon falls down. Soon after the first hot-air balloon was flown, people began trying huge balloons that could carry passengers a long way. Called airships, some of these used hydrogen (氢气) instead of hot air because hydrogen has a much lower density than air. However, hydrogen burns, and it caused blow-ups. Today, airships are filled with helium (氦气), which has a low density but doesn’t burn. 1．What can we know about hot-air balloons according to the text? A．They can move around freely. B．They fly higher than other airships. C．They’re the oldest form of travel. D．They work by heating the air inside. 2．Which picture best describes “The hot-air balloon is falling down.”? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is helium used in modern airships instead of hydrogen? A．It’s easier to produce than hydrogen. B．It’s light and it’s safer than hydrogen. C．It can make airships fly much faster. D．It can spread out faster than hydrogen. 4．Why can birds use rising air to fly higher? A．Warm air rises and lifts them up. B．The Sun carries them upward. C．The wind directly pushes them up. D．The ground gives them power. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．It tells the history and safety rules of old airships. B．It shows how people heat and cool hot-air balloons. C．It introduces how birds use rising air to fly in the sky. D．It explains the science of hot air and its uses in flying. 02 英语+化学 （2026·广东东莞·一模） Balloons are decorations to birthday parties and many other fun events. Must we blow up a balloon by mouth or with a pump (打气筒)? Here is an experiment that can do it in a different way.Tools and Materials: Steps: 1. Pour some vinegar into the narrow-necked bottle until it is about a quarter full. 2. Fill the balloon with baking soda with the funnel. If you don’t have a funnel, you can make one with some paper and some tape. 3. Now carefully stretch (撑开) the neck of the balloon over the neck of the bottle without letting any baking soda fall into the bottle. 4. Lift the balloon up so that the baking soda falls from the balloon into the bottle and mixes with the vinegar. The vinegar begins to fizz (吱吱声). Scientific Principle: The baking soda and the vinegar create an ACID-BASE reaction (酸碱反应) and the two chemicals work together to produce a gas called CO₂. And this gas starts to fill the bottle, and then moves into the balloon to blow it up.Safety Tips: 1. Children must do it with the help of adults. 2. Be careful not to get vinegar on your hands or clothes. 3. Don’t breathe in baking soda powder, or you may cough. 4. Keep it away from fire after the balloon is full of gas. 5. Pour the liquid away and clean the bottle carefully when it’s over. 1．Which of the following is not the tools or materials to do the experiment? A．Vinegar. B．Baking soda. C．Balloon. D．Long-necked bottle. 2．How much vinegar should we pour into the bottle? A．Half full. B．All full. C．One third full. D．About a quarter full. 3．Which of the following can best describe Step 3? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the followings is TRUE? A．Children need to pour some vinegar on their classmates ’ clothes. B．Children can breathe in baking soda powder as much as they want. C．Children should keep the bottle away from fire when it is full of gas. D．Children are careful enough to do the experiment by themselves. 5．Where can we probably read this passage? A．In a fairy tale. B．In a science book. C．In a travel guide. D．In a storybook. 03 英语+地理 （2026·广东佛山·二模）Did you feel like yesterday passed a little faster? You might be correct. July 10th, 2025, was among the shortest days of the year—about 1.3 milliseconds shorter than a normal 24-hour day. A day has 24 hours (or 86,400,000 milliseconds), the average time Earth takes to rotate (转动) once. ________ Some are a bit longer, others shorter. For most of history, the rotation of the Earth has been used to measure time. But in the 1950s, scientists created special clocks to measure these “fast” or “slow” days. Recent years have seen many days shorter than 86,400,000 milliseconds: July 5, 2022, holds the record (1.65 milliseconds faster), followed by July 9, 2024 (1.36 milliseconds faster) and July 29, 2024 (1.34 milliseconds faster). For over 50 years, the shortest days of each year fall in June, July, or August, while the longest usually appear between March and May (sometimes October or November). There are many reasons to influence the speed of the Earth’s rotation. And the most important one is the pull of gravity (引力) from the moon. Though Earth has had fast days lately, over millions of years it has been slowing down: a day today is 1.7 milliseconds longer than a day a century ago, and on average, the day has been getting 2.3 milliseconds longer per century for thousands of years. Whether today is shorter or longer, these seemingly tiny time changes are reshaping our understanding of what a “day” is. So, if today is one of the shortest days of the year, have you made this special day meaningful for yourself? 1．Which of the following sentence can be put in ________? A．The earth rotates around the sun. B．Its rotation is why we have day and night. C．However, not every day is exactly the same. D．People recorded the time with different tools. 2．What does the underlined word “measure” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell the length of. B．Make use of. C．Take back. D．Catch up on. 3．Which of the following picture show the correct length of day (LOD) in a year? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the writer want the readers to do in the last paragraph? A．Buy a new clock. B．Value the special day. C．List meaningful activities. D．Explain the earth’s rotation. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How Do We Tell the Time? B．Does Moon Control Days? C．Are Days Getting Shorter? D．What Changes the Length of Day? 04 英语+地理 （2026·山东青岛·一模）According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are different. We often think that the Sun rules the day and the Moon rules the night. That’s kind of right, but not totally. The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t. As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night. The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting (反射) the Moon back to us. The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around sunrise. Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all. 1．What can we know about the Sun according to the passage? A．The Sun rules the Moon. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time. 2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 3? shadow n.① the shape of the Earth, ② the force from the Sun, ③ the dark area on the Earth, ④ the opposite side of the Sun. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 3．Which of the following is TRUE about a Full Moon? A．The Moon rises around sunrise and sets around sunset. B．The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. C．You can sometimes see it in the east in the afternoon. D．The side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully lit. 4．Which following picture shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the theme of the text? A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology. 05 英语+心理 （2026·山东济南·二模）Some people think they will not be influenced by advertisements. They might not have heard of the “mere exposure effect” (单纯曝光效应) -the more one is exposed to something, the easier it is for him or her to like it. There are two main reasons for the effect. The first is certainty. Our minds naturally learn to be careful around new things that could possibly harm us. If we see something repeatedly without bad results, we are led to believe it is safe. The second is perceptual fluency (知觉流畅性). We naturally prefer simple things that need little thought. Tasks like understanding something new take lots of attention and time, so we try to avoid them. Robert Zajonc, the discoverer of the effect, tested how a group of people reacted to a set of disordered shapes. The shapes changed so quickly that it was impossible to notice that some were repeated. When the people were asked which shapes they liked most, they chose those that they had seen the most often, even though they didn’t notice that. According to the effect, it takes about 15 repetitions (重复) for a person to develop maximum (最大限度) preference for a product. However, the effect does not work on everyone in the same way. If the exposure is too often, people get mad. Also, when people don’t like a product at first, repetition can make them dislike it more. Now tell me what you think about ads. If mere exposure can create preferences that we don’t realize, should we be alarmed or forbid (禁止) all the ads? Perhaps the point is not whether to turn down ads but how to help ourselves understand the influence of ads and make smarter choices. 1．According to paragraph 2, why do people prefer repeated things? A．Because they help people understand better. B．Because they usually bring good results. C．Because they seem safer and need less effort. D．Because people enjoy thinking hard about them 2．In Zajonc’s study, what caused people’s preference for certain shapes? A．People’s first feeling of the shapes. B．The order in which the shapes appeared. C．Personal tastes in art and beauty. D．The number of times people saw the shapes. 3．According to the passage, which of the charts best shows the mere exposure effect? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To question the advertising industry. B．To advise the government to forbid ads. C．To introduce a recent research topic. D．To remind people to realize the effect of ads. 5．In which part of a magazine can you find this article? A．Lifestyle. B．Science. C．Business. D．Education. 06 英语+生物 （2026·重庆·一模）①If you have ever felt dizzy (眩晕的), sick to your stomach, or sleepy on a bumpy school bus, you may have motion sickness. Common ways to deal with it, such as taking medicine or using motion sickness patches (贴片), may not work well for everyone. To understand why, let’s see what happens in our body when we travel. ②The reason for motion sickness is not hard to understand. Inside our inner ear, there is a balance system. It uses liquid and tiny hairs to tell the brain how our body is moving. During a trip, our eyes may see the outside world as “stable”, but our inner ears can feel strong movement. This big conflict (冲突) between what we see and what we feel confuses (迷惑) the brain, so we may feel sick. Even astronauts can experience this in space. ③Recently, scientists from Nagoya University found a new way to help. They discovered that a 100 Hz pure sound can calm the balance system. The sound waves help keep the liquid in the inner ear more stable. As a result, the mixed signals sent to the brain become weaker, and the feeling of sickness is reduced. ④The scientists did several tests to check this idea. First, they tested it on mice. After the mice listened to the 100 Hz sound for five minutes, they could keep their balance better in a shaking environment. What’s more, the effect lasted for about two hours. ⑤Then, 82 people who often suffered from motion sickness joined the human test. Before a shaking ride, they listened to the 100 Hz sound for only one minute at a safe volume (音量). The results were clear: about 70% to 80% of them felt more comfortable, and their body swaying (摇晃) was reduced by 38%. ⑥This method requires no medicine or patches. It just uses a 100 Hz sound that is gentle to the ears. People have already started using it in real life. Some new energy cars now have a 100 Hz sound feature to make rides more comfortable. This shows that a small scientific discovery can greatly improve our daily lives. 1．According to the passage, what causes motion sickness? A． B． C． D． 2．How does the writer mainly develop Paragraph 5? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By showing different opinions. D．By comparing discoveries. 3．According to Paragraph 6, what can we learn about the 100 Hz sound method? ① It works better than traditional medicine. ② It is safe and friendly to our ears. ③ It has been used in some new energy transportation. ④ It will take the place of all other methods for motion sickness. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 4．Which of the following shows the use of the 100 Hz sound method? A．A cafe plays it to make customers feel relaxed. B．A school uses it to make students focus on study. C．A hospital uses it to treat serious ear diseases. D．A VR game uses it to reduce players’ discomfort. 07 英语+生物 （2026·福建厦门·一模）Have you ever noticed that your body feels different when you’re nervous? Maybe before a speech, your hands get cold or your face turns warm. But scientists have found that your nose also goes through some changes. Researchers at the University of Sussex recorded 29 people with a thermal imaging camera to see what happened when they were stressed. First, the volunteers listened to white noise to calm down. Then they had to perform two particular (特定的) tasks in front of strangers. They had to give an unplanned speech and they had to do maths in their head, saying the answers out loud. The study found that people’s nose temperature, normally between 32℃ and 35℃, dropped by 3℃~6℃ when they’re under pressure. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important for sensing danger. Once the stress is over, the blood returns to normal within a few minutes. Gillian Forrester, who led the study, said how long it takes someone’s nose to return to its normal temperature could help show how well they manage their stress. She asked, “For those who return slowly, could that be a risk marker of serious worry or sadness?” The study could help more than humans. Stress also changes blood flow in primates’ (灵长类动物) faces. Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better, since they cannot describe it. As one scientist put it, “We’ve studied them to better understand ourselves. It’s time to give back.” 1．The e-dictionary entry (词条) ________ on the right matches the meaning of “go through” in Paragraph 1. go through  phrasal verb1. ★ to read something in order to make sure it is correct 2. ★ to experience a particular process 3. ★ to use up money 4. ★ to practise something A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 2．Which of the following activities did the volunteers do during the study? A．Watch a speech. B．Make white noise. C．Solve math problems. D．Record the temperature. 3．According to Paragraph 3, which picture shows the study result? A． B． C． D． 4．According to Paragraph 5, the researchers will study primates to ________. A．teach them to talk B．send them back home C．change their blood flow D．understand their feelings 5．In which section of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Culture. B．Sports. C．Travel. D．Science. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点20 跨学科融合阅读（物理+化学+地理+心理+生物） 1 英语+物理 热空气的科学原理及其在飞行方面的应用 2 英语+化学 介绍了用小苏打和醋给气球充气的实验步骤、原理及安全注意事项 3 英语+地理 地球自转速度并非恒定不变，有些日子略长于24小时，有些则略短 4 英语+地理 太阳和月亮的不同特点，包括太阳持续发光、月亮反射太阳光、满月和新月时的不同现象等。 5 英语+心理 介绍了心理学中的 “单纯曝光效应” 6 英语+生物 介绍了晕车成因，并介绍了100 赫兹纯音缓解晕车的新方法及应用 7 英语+生物 介绍了一项科学研究，发现人在压力状态下鼻子温度会下降 01 英语+物理 （2026·山东青岛·一模）The first hot-air balloon was created in 1783. The hot-air balloon is one of the simplest forms of transportation and is still in use today. It uses hot air stuck inside a huge balloon to lift passengers high into the sky. Why can hot air do that? That is because gases are made up of billions of atoms (原子) or molecules (分子) that move around freely. The hotter a gas gets, the faster they move and the farther they spread out, making the gas expand (膨胀). When the balloon is on the ground, the air inside it is not much warmer than the air outside. Air molecules inside and out are equally spaced (等距)—we say they have the same density (密度). When the pilot heats the air inside the balloon, the molecules spread out. The air in the balloon becomes less dense, which makes it lighter. As a result, the balloon rises. The warmer the air in the balloon gets, the less dense and lighter it gets compared to the heavier, cooler air outside. The balloon rises higher and higher. To bring the balloon back down, the pilot needs to cool the air inside it. He releases (释放) some of the hot air through an opening at the top. Cool air is drawn in at the bottom to take the place of it, and the balloon falls down. Soon after the first hot-air balloon was flown, people began trying huge balloons that could carry passengers a long way. Called airships, some of these used hydrogen (氢气) instead of hot air because hydrogen has a much lower density than air. However, hydrogen burns, and it caused blow-ups. Today, airships are filled with helium (氦气), which has a low density but doesn’t burn. 1．What can we know about hot-air balloons according to the text? A．They can move around freely. B．They fly higher than other airships. C．They’re the oldest form of travel. D．They work by heating the air inside. 2．Which picture best describes “The hot-air balloon is falling down.”? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is helium used in modern airships instead of hydrogen? A．It’s easier to produce than hydrogen. B．It’s light and it’s safer than hydrogen. C．It can make airships fly much faster. D．It can spread out faster than hydrogen. 4．Why can birds use rising air to fly higher? A．Warm air rises and lifts them up. B．The Sun carries them upward. C．The wind directly pushes them up. D．The ground gives them power. 5．What is the text mainly about? A．It tells the history and safety rules of old airships. B．It shows how people heat and cool hot-air balloons. C．It introduces how birds use rising air to fly in the sky. D．It explains the science of hot air and its uses in flying. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，围绕热空气的科学原理及其在飞行方面的应用展开。先介绍了自然界中存在的热空气上升现象以及热气球这一最早利用热空气原理的飞行工具，接着详细解释热空气上升的科学原理，还提及现代飞艇对气体的选择，让读者全面了解热空气在飞行领域的相关知识。 【详解】1．文章第一段明确提及“It uses hot air stuck inside a huge balloon to lift passengers high into the sky.”以及后文详细阐述了热气球是通过加热内部空气来工作的过程，如“When the pilot heats the air inside the balloon...”等。 2．根据文章描述“To bring the balloon back down, the pilot needs to cool the air inside it. He releases (释放) some of the hot air through an opening at the top. Cool air is drawn in at the bottom to take the place of it, and the balloon falls down.”，最佳描述“热气球正在下降”的图片应该是顶部有热空气释放，底部有冷空气进入的情景，即C图。 3．文章最后一段提到“Today, airships are filled with helium (氦气), which has a low density but doesn’t burn.”，明确说明了氦气密度低且不会燃烧，比氢气更安全。 4．文章开头部分“Rising hot air can be found in nature... creating rising air that can lift birds and gliders high into the sky.”以及后文详细解释了暖空气上升的原理，鸟儿利用上升的暖空气飞得更高。 5．文章开篇介绍了自然界中的热空气以及热气球的工作原理，接着详细阐述了热空气上升的科学原理，最后提到了现代飞艇使用氦气的情况，整体围绕热空气的科学原理及其在飞行中的应用展开。 重难词汇: transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/n. 运输；交通工具 molecule /ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/n. 分子 expand /ɪkˈspænd/v. 膨胀；扩张 density /ˈdensəti/n. 密度 release /rɪˈliːs/v. 释放；放出 hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/n. 氢气 长难句精析： 1. The hotter a gas gets, the faster they move and the farther they spread out, making the gas expand. 翻译：气体温度越高，分子运动越快、扩散越远，从而使气体发生膨胀。 分析：本句运用 the + 比较级，the + 比较级经典句型表 “越…… 越……”，they 指代原子与分子，spread out 表扩散，句末现在分词短语作结果状语，用来引出前文现象带来的自然结果。 2. The air in the balloon becomes less dense, which makes it lighter. 翻译：气球内的空气密度变小，这就让它变得更轻。 分析：介词短语 in the balloon 作后置定语修饰主语 the air，less dense 为形容词比较级，which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事，同时使用 make it + 形容词的常用结构表使某物处于某种状态。 3. Some of these used hydrogen instead of hot air because hydrogen has a much lower density than air. 翻译：其中一些飞艇使用氢气而非热空气，因为氢气的密度比空气低得多。 分析：some of these 指代上文提及的飞艇，instead of 意为代替、而不是，because 引导原因状语从句阐明缘由，副词 much 修饰比较级 lower，用来加强比较语气，表示程度更深。 02 英语+化学 （2026·广东东莞·一模） Balloons are decorations to birthday parties and many other fun events. Must we blow up a balloon by mouth or with a pump (打气筒)? Here is an experiment that can do it in a different way.Tools and Materials: Steps: 1. Pour some vinegar into the narrow-necked bottle until it is about a quarter full. 2. Fill the balloon with baking soda with the funnel. If you don’t have a funnel, you can make one with some paper and some tape. 3. Now carefully stretch (撑开) the neck of the balloon over the neck of the bottle without letting any baking soda fall into the bottle. 4. Lift the balloon up so that the baking soda falls from the balloon into the bottle and mixes with the vinegar. The vinegar begins to fizz (吱吱声). Scientific Principle: The baking soda and the vinegar create an ACID-BASE reaction (酸碱反应) and the two chemicals work together to produce a gas called CO₂. And this gas starts to fill the bottle, and then moves into the balloon to blow it up.Safety Tips: 1. Children must do it with the help of adults. 2. Be careful not to get vinegar on your hands or clothes. 3. Don’t breathe in baking soda powder, or you may cough. 4. Keep it away from fire after the balloon is full of gas. 5. Pour the liquid away and clean the bottle carefully when it’s over. 1．Which of the following is not the tools or materials to do the experiment? A．Vinegar. B．Baking soda. C．Balloon. D．Long-necked bottle. 2．How much vinegar should we pour into the bottle? A．Half full. B．All full. C．One third full. D．About a quarter full. 3．Which of the following can best describe Step 3? A． B． C． D． 4．Which of the followings is TRUE? A．Children need to pour some vinegar on their classmates ’ clothes. B．Children can breathe in baking soda powder as much as they want. C．Children should keep the bottle away from fire when it is full of gas. D．Children are careful enough to do the experiment by themselves. 5．Where can we probably read this passage? A．In a fairy tale. B．In a science book. C．In a travel guide. D．In a storybook. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了用小苏打和醋给气球充气的实验步骤、原理及安全注意事项。 【详解】6．图片工具材料部分“Balloon, Narrow-necked bottle, Baking soda, Vinegar, Funnel”指出，实验不需要长颈瓶。 7．文章步骤1“Pour some vinegar into the narrow-necked bottle until it is about a quarter full.”指出，应往瓶子里倒入约四分之一的醋。 8．文章步骤3“Now carefully stretch the neck of the balloon over the neck of the bottle without letting any baking soda fall into the bottle.”指出，第三步是把气球口撑开套在瓶口上，不让小苏打落入瓶中。 9．文章安全提示4“Keep it away from fire after the balloon is full of gas.”指出，气球充满气体后应远离火源。 10．本文是科学小实验相关内容，最有可能在科学书籍中读到。 重难词汇: decoration /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/n. 装饰品 vinegar /ˈvɪnɪɡə(r)/n. 醋 funnel /ˈfʌnl/n. 漏斗 stretch /stretʃ/v. 撑开；拉伸 mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/n. 混合物 长难句精析： 1. Here is an experiment that can do it in a different way. 翻译：这里有一个能用不同方式完成这件事的实验。 分析：本句为 here 引导的倒装句，that 引导定语从句修饰先行词 experiment，整体句式简洁贴合中考定语从句考点。 2. Now carefully stretch the neck of the balloon over the neck of the bottle without letting any baking soda fall into the bottle. 翻译：现在小心地把气球口套在瓶口上，不要让小苏打掉进瓶子里。 分析：本句为祈使句，介词 without 后接动名词结构作伴随状语，清晰表达动作伴随的限定条件。 3. The baking soda and the vinegar create an ACID-BASE reaction and the two chemicals work together to produce a gas called CO₂. 翻译：小苏打和醋发生酸碱反应，这两种物质共同作用产生一种叫做二氧化碳的气体。 分析：本句由 and 连接两个并列分句，过去分词短语 called CO₂作后置定语修饰名词 gas，是中考常考句式结构。 03 英语+地理 （2026·广东佛山·二模）Did you feel like yesterday passed a little faster? You might be correct. July 10th, 2025, was among the shortest days of the year—about 1.3 milliseconds shorter than a normal 24-hour day. A day has 24 hours (or 86,400,000 milliseconds), the average time Earth takes to rotate (转动) once. ________ Some are a bit longer, others shorter. For most of history, the rotation of the Earth has been used to measure time. But in the 1950s, scientists created special clocks to measure these “fast” or “slow” days. Recent years have seen many days shorter than 86,400,000 milliseconds: July 5, 2022, holds the record (1.65 milliseconds faster), followed by July 9, 2024 (1.36 milliseconds faster) and July 29, 2024 (1.34 milliseconds faster). For over 50 years, the shortest days of each year fall in June, July, or August, while the longest usually appear between March and May (sometimes October or November). There are many reasons to influence the speed of the Earth’s rotation. And the most important one is the pull of gravity (引力) from the moon. Though Earth has had fast days lately, over millions of years it has been slowing down: a day today is 1.7 milliseconds longer than a day a century ago, and on average, the day has been getting 2.3 milliseconds longer per century for thousands of years. Whether today is shorter or longer, these seemingly tiny time changes are reshaping our understanding of what a “day” is. So, if today is one of the shortest days of the year, have you made this special day meaningful for yourself? 1．Which of the following sentence can be put in ________? A．The earth rotates around the sun. B．Its rotation is why we have day and night. C．However, not every day is exactly the same. D．People recorded the time with different tools. 2．What does the underlined word “measure” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Tell the length of. B．Make use of. C．Take back. D．Catch up on. 3．Which of the following picture show the correct length of day (LOD) in a year? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the writer want the readers to do in the last paragraph? A．Buy a new clock. B．Value the special day. C．List meaningful activities. D．Explain the earth’s rotation. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How Do We Tell the Time? B．Does Moon Control Days? C．Are Days Getting Shorter? D．What Changes the Length of Day? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述地球自转速度并非恒定不变，有些日子略长于24小时，有些则略短，2025年7月10日是其中一个较短的例子。 11．第二段空处前一句说“一天是地球自转一圈的平均时间”，后一句说“有些日子稍长，有些稍短”，中间的句子需要起到转折或补充说明的作用，引出“并非每天都是一样的”。C项“然而，并非每一天都完全相同。”承接前文，引出后文。 12．第三段第二句“scientists created special clocks to measure these ‘fast’ or ‘slow’ days.”，科学家发明了特殊的钟表来对快或慢的日子做measure这个动作，钟表的核心功能就是“计量、测定时间的长短”。所以measure在这里和A选项“测定……的长度(或时长)”同义。 13．第四段首句“...the shortest days of each year fall in June, July, or August, while the longest usually appear between March and May (sometimes October or November).”，最短的日子出现在 6、7、8 月，最长的出现在3-5月。曲线的路径应该是往下走的趋势，只有选项A的图片符合这种趋势。 14．最后一段“So, if today is one of the shortest days of the year, have you made this special day meaningful for yourself?”，如果今天是一年中最短的日子之一，你有没有让这个特别的日子变得有意义？由此可知，作者希望读者能“珍惜这个特别的日子”。 15．通读全文，用“7月10日是今年最短的日子之一”引出话题，主体部分说明一天的长度并非固定不变，有长有短，最后一段以“如果今天是最短的日子之一，你有没有让它过得有意义”收尾，整个文章从现象到思考都围绕“日子是否在变短”这一疑问展开。因此最适合作最佳标题。 重难词汇: millisecond /ˈmɪlisekənd/n. 毫秒 rotate /rəʊˈteɪt/v. 旋转；转动 measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/v. 测量；衡量 record /ˈrekɔːd/n. 纪录 gravity /ˈɡrævəti/n. 重力；引力 influence /ˈɪnfluəns/v. 影响 长难句精析： 1. July 10th, 2025, was among the shortest days of the year—about 1.3 milliseconds shorter than a normal 24-hour day. 翻译：2025 年 7 月 10 日是一年中时长最短的日子之一，比标准 24 小时的一天短了约 1.3 毫秒。 分析：本句为主系表结构，破折号后用形容词比较级结构补充说明时间差值，整体用于客观数据表述，是阅读高频句式。 2. For over 50 years, the shortest days of each year fall in June, July, or August, while the longest usually appear between March and May. 翻译：五十多年来，一年中最短的日子多集中在六、七、八月，而最长的日子通常出现在三至五月。 分析：while 在此处作并列连词表对比含义，连接前后两个并列分句，清晰形成两种情况的对照关系。 3. A day today is 1.7 milliseconds longer than a day a century ago, and on average, the day has been getting 2.3 milliseconds longer per century for thousands of years. 翻译： 如今的一天比一个世纪前的一天长 1.7 毫秒，数千年来平均每过一个世纪，一天的时长就会增加 2.3 毫秒。 分析：本句由 and 连接并列句，运用形容词比较级体现时长差异，现在完成进行时强调漫长时间里持续发生的变化状态。 04 英语+地理 （2026·山东青岛·一模）According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are different. We often think that the Sun rules the day and the Moon rules the night. That’s kind of right, but not totally. The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t. As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night. The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting (反射) the Moon back to us. The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around sunrise. Since the moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all. 1．What can we know about the Sun according to the passage? A．The Sun rules the Moon. B．The Sun shines during both day and night. C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon. D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time. 2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 3? shadow n.① the shape of the Earth, ② the force from the Sun, ③ the dark area on the Earth, ④ the opposite side of the Sun. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 3．Which of the following is TRUE about a Full Moon? A．The Moon rises around sunrise and sets around sunset. B．The Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. C．You can sometimes see it in the east in the afternoon. D．The side of the Moon facing the Earth is fully lit. 4．Which following picture shows us New Moon? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the theme of the text? A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了太阳和月亮的不同特点，包括太阳持续发光、月亮反射太阳光、满月和新月时的不同现象等。 35．第二段提到：“The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t.”，这直接说明太阳在白天和夜晚都发光。 36．第三段提到：“When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night.”，根据语境可知，当地球自转使我们背对太阳，我们处于地球的阴影中时，就是夜晚，所以“shadow”指的是地球上的黑暗区域。 37．第五段提到：“At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up.”，这说明满月时，面向地球的月球一侧被完全照亮。 38．第六段提到：“The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit (轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all.”，可知在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，B选项符合。 39．文章主要围绕太阳和月亮的科普知识展开，属于科学范畴，所以主题是科学。 重难词汇: totally /ˈtəʊtəli/adv. 完全地；全部地 spin /spɪn/n. 旋转；自转 v. 转动 shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/n. 阴影；影子 reflect /rɪˈflekt/v. 反射；映照 opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/adj. 相反的；对面的 orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/n. 轨道 v. 沿轨道运行 长难句精析： 1. When the Earth’s spin turns us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. 翻译: 当地球自转使我们背对太阳，身处地球阴影中时，黑夜就来临了。 分析: when 引导时间状语从句，从句由 and 连接两个并列分句，主句为主谓宾简单句，清晰说明昼夜形成的条件。 2. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting the Moon back to us. 翻译: 月光实际上是太阳光经由月球反射后照射到我们身上的光线。 分析: 本句为主系表结构，现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 sun’s light，点明月光的形成原理。 3. The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit puts it between the Earth and the Sun. 翻译: 新月时期的月亮最难被看见，此时月球运行到地球与太阳之间的轨道位置。 分析: 主句运用形容词最高级结构，when 引导非限制性定语从句，用来补充解释新月出现时的天体位置情况。 05 英语+心理 （2026·山东济南·二模）Some people think they will not be influenced by advertisements. They might not have heard of the “mere exposure effect” (单纯曝光效应) -the more one is exposed to something, the easier it is for him or her to like it. There are two main reasons for the effect. The first is certainty. Our minds naturally learn to be careful around new things that could possibly harm us. If we see something repeatedly without bad results, we are led to believe it is safe. The second is perceptual fluency (知觉流畅性). We naturally prefer simple things that need little thought. Tasks like understanding something new take lots of attention and time, so we try to avoid them. Robert Zajonc, the discoverer of the effect, tested how a group of people reacted to a set of disordered shapes. The shapes changed so quickly that it was impossible to notice that some were repeated. When the people were asked which shapes they liked most, they chose those that they had seen the most often, even though they didn’t notice that. According to the effect, it takes about 15 repetitions (重复) for a person to develop maximum (最大限度) preference for a product. However, the effect does not work on everyone in the same way. If the exposure is too often, people get mad. Also, when people don’t like a product at first, repetition can make them dislike it more. Now tell me what you think about ads. If mere exposure can create preferences that we don’t realize, should we be alarmed or forbid (禁止) all the ads? Perhaps the point is not whether to turn down ads but how to help ourselves understand the influence of ads and make smarter choices. 1．According to paragraph 2, why do people prefer repeated things? A．Because they help people understand better. B．Because they usually bring good results. C．Because they seem safer and need less effort. D．Because people enjoy thinking hard about them 2．In Zajonc’s study, what caused people’s preference for certain shapes? A．People’s first feeling of the shapes. B．The order in which the shapes appeared. C．Personal tastes in art and beauty. D．The number of times people saw the shapes. 3．According to the passage, which of the charts best shows the mere exposure effect? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To question the advertising industry. B．To advise the government to forbid ads. C．To introduce a recent research topic. D．To remind people to realize the effect of ads. 5．In which part of a magazine can you find this article? A．Lifestyle. B．Science. C．Business. D．Education. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学中的 “单纯曝光效应”，阐述了人们会因反复接触事物而产生偏好的两大原因，并用实验加以佐证，同时说明了该效应的局限性，最后呼吁人们理性看待广告的影响。 21．根据原文第2段详细解释了人们偏好重复事物的两个核心原因。首先是“确定性”（Certainty），即反复接触且无负面结果会让人产生安全感（believe it is safe）；其次是“知觉流畅性”（Perceptual Fluency），即人们天生偏好不需要过多思考的简单事物，因为理解新事物需要耗费精力。 22．根据原文第3段“they chose those that they had seen the most often”可知，人们偏好的是被看到次数最多的形状，即偏好由看到形状的次数决定。 23． 根据原文第4段可知，单纯曝光效应有两层含义：一是正常情况下，重复次数越多，人们的喜爱度越高，达到一定次数后趋于平稳；二是若人们一开始就不喜欢某样事物，重复次数越多，厌恶感越强。A 选项中，喜爱度随重复次数增加而上升、厌恶感随重复次数增加而增强，完全符合原文逻辑。 24． 根据原文最后一段“Perhaps the point is not whether to turn down ads but how to help ourselves understand the influence of ads and make smarter choices”可知，作者的目的是提醒人们意识到广告的影响，做出更明智的选择。 25．本文介绍了心理学中的“单纯曝光效应”，并通过科学研究和实验进行说明，属于科普类内容，最可能出现在杂志的 “科学” 板块。 重难词汇: expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/v. 使接触；暴露 certainty /ˈsɜːtnti/n. 确定性；确信 repeatedly /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/adv. 反复地；多次地 disordered /dɪsˈɔːdəd/adj. 杂乱的；无序的 maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/adj. 最大限度的；最大的 forbid /fəˈbɪd/v. 禁止；不准 长难句精析： 1. They might not have heard of the “mere exposure effect” -the more one is exposed to something, the easier it is for him or her to like it. 翻译：他们或许从未听说过单纯曝光效应，即一个人接触某事物越多，就越容易喜欢上它。 分析：破折号后运用 the + 比较级，the + 比较级经典句型解释概念含义，主句使用现在完成时体现此前未曾了解的状态。 2. The shapes changed so quickly that it was impossible to notice that some were repeated. 翻译：这些图形变换速度极快，人们根本无法察觉到其中部分图形重复出现。 分析：本句采用 so...that... 结果状语从句结构，从句中 it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式，内嵌宾语从句补充具体察觉的内容。 3. Perhaps the point is not whether to turn down ads but how to help ourselves understand the influence of ads and make smarter choices. 翻译：或许关键不在于抵制广告，而在于学会认清广告带来的影响，做出更理智的选择。 分析： 句子运用 not...but... 表并列取舍关系，两个疑问词加不定式结构并列作表语，为中考常考句型。 06 英语+生物 （2026·重庆·一模）①If you have ever felt dizzy (眩晕的), sick to your stomach, or sleepy on a bumpy school bus, you may have motion sickness. Common ways to deal with it, such as taking medicine or using motion sickness patches (贴片), may not work well for everyone. To understand why, let’s see what happens in our body when we travel. ②The reason for motion sickness is not hard to understand. Inside our inner ear, there is a balance system. It uses liquid and tiny hairs to tell the brain how our body is moving. During a trip, our eyes may see the outside world as “stable”, but our inner ears can feel strong movement. This big conflict (冲突) between what we see and what we feel confuses (迷惑) the brain, so we may feel sick. Even astronauts can experience this in space. ③Recently, scientists from Nagoya University found a new way to help. They discovered that a 100 Hz pure sound can calm the balance system. The sound waves help keep the liquid in the inner ear more stable. As a result, the mixed signals sent to the brain become weaker, and the feeling of sickness is reduced. ④The scientists did several tests to check this idea. First, they tested it on mice. After the mice listened to the 100 Hz sound for five minutes, they could keep their balance better in a shaking environment. What’s more, the effect lasted for about two hours. ⑤Then, 82 people who often suffered from motion sickness joined the human test. Before a shaking ride, they listened to the 100 Hz sound for only one minute at a safe volume (音量). The results were clear: about 70% to 80% of them felt more comfortable, and their body swaying (摇晃) was reduced by 38%. ⑥This method requires no medicine or patches. It just uses a 100 Hz sound that is gentle to the ears. People have already started using it in real life. Some new energy cars now have a 100 Hz sound feature to make rides more comfortable. This shows that a small scientific discovery can greatly improve our daily lives. 1．According to the passage, what causes motion sickness? A． B． C． D． 2．How does the writer mainly develop Paragraph 5? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By showing different opinions. D．By comparing discoveries. 3．According to Paragraph 6, what can we learn about the 100 Hz sound method? ① It works better than traditional medicine. ② It is safe and friendly to our ears. ③ It has been used in some new energy transportation. ④ It will take the place of all other methods for motion sickness. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 4．Which of the following shows the use of the 100 Hz sound method? A．A cafe plays it to make customers feel relaxed. B．A school uses it to make students focus on study. C．A hospital uses it to treat serious ear diseases. D．A VR game uses it to reduce players’ discomfort. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了晕车成因，并介绍了100 赫兹纯音缓解晕车的新方法及应用。 26．第二段明确指出“This big conflict between what we see and what we feel confuses the brain, so we may feel sick.”，眼睛看到的“稳定”与内耳感受到的“运动”之间的冲突。选项C的示意图准确体现了这一矛盾。 27．第五段明确指出“82 people, one minute, 70% to 80%, 38%”，是列数字的写作手法。 28．第六段明确指出“It just uses a 100 Hz sound that is gentle to the ears. Some new energy cars now have a 100 Hz sound feature to make rides more comfortable.”， 对耳朵安全友好，已应用在新能源交通工具上，因此正确的是②③。 29．第三段明确指出“They discovered that a 100 Hz pure sound can calm the balance system. The sound waves help keep the liquid in the inner ear more stable. As a result, the mixed signals sent to the brain become weaker, and the feeling of sickness is reduced.”，该声音用于减少晃动环境中的不适感，VR游戏中，玩家也常因画面与身体感知不一致产生类似晕车的不适，因此可以用这个方法缓解。 重难词汇: dizzy /ˈdɪzi/adj. 眩晕的；头晕的 bumpy /ˈbʌmpi/adj. 颠簸不平的 stable /ˈsteɪbl/adj. 稳定的；平稳的 conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/n. 矛盾；冲突 volume /ˈvɒljuːm/n. 音量；体积 sway /sweɪ/v.&n. 摇晃；摇摆 长难句精析： 1. During a trip, our eyes may see the outside world as “stable”, but our inner ears can feel strong movement. 翻译：出行途中，我们的眼睛看到外界事物是静止的，但内耳却能感受到强烈的晃动。 分析：本句由 but 连接并列转折句，运用 see...as... 固定搭配，清晰对比视觉与身体感知的不同状态。 2. They discovered that a 100 Hz pure sound can calm the balance system. 翻译：他们发现 100 赫兹的纯音能够安抚人体平衡系统。 分析：主句为主谓宾结构，that 引导宾语从句充当句子宾语，是中考高频宾语从句句式。 07 英语+生物 （2026·福建厦门·一模）Have you ever noticed that your body feels different when you’re nervous? Maybe before a speech, your hands get cold or your face turns warm. But scientists have found that your nose also goes through some changes. Researchers at the University of Sussex recorded 29 people with a thermal imaging camera to see what happened when they were stressed. First, the volunteers listened to white noise to calm down. Then they had to perform two particular (特定的) tasks in front of strangers. They had to give an unplanned speech and they had to do maths in their head, saying the answers out loud. The study found that people’s nose temperature, normally between 32℃ and 35℃, dropped by 3℃~6℃ when they’re under pressure. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important for sensing danger. Once the stress is over, the blood returns to normal within a few minutes. Gillian Forrester, who led the study, said how long it takes someone’s nose to return to its normal temperature could help show how well they manage their stress. She asked, “For those who return slowly, could that be a risk marker of serious worry or sadness?” The study could help more than humans. Stress also changes blood flow in primates’ (灵长类动物) faces. Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better, since they cannot describe it. As one scientist put it, “We’ve studied them to better understand ourselves. It’s time to give back.” 1．The e-dictionary entry (词条) ________ on the right matches the meaning of “go through” in Paragraph 1. go through  phrasal verb1. ★ to read something in order to make sure it is correct 2. ★ to experience a particular process 3. ★ to use up money 4. ★ to practise something A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 2．Which of the following activities did the volunteers do during the study? A．Watch a speech. B．Make white noise. C．Solve math problems. D．Record the temperature. 3．According to Paragraph 3, which picture shows the study result? A． B． C． D． 4．According to Paragraph 5, the researchers will study primates to ________. A．teach them to talk B．send them back home C．change their blood flow D．understand their feelings 5．In which section of a magazine can we read the passage? A．Culture. B．Sports. C．Travel. D．Science. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，发现人在压力状态下鼻子温度会下降，该发现不仅可用于识别人类的压力状态，也能帮助人们了解灵长类动物的情绪。 30．文中“your nose also goes through some changes”的意思是“你的鼻子也会经历一些变化”，go through在这里表示“经历某个过程”，对应词典中的第2条释义。 31．根据原文“They had to give an unplanned speech and they had to do maths in their head, saying the answers out loud.”可知，志愿者在研究期间在解决数学问题。 32．根据原文“people’s nose temperature... dropped by 3℃~6℃ when they’re under pressure. Once the stress is over, the blood returns to normal within a few minutes.”可知，鼻子温度在压力期下降3到6摄氏度，压力结束后回升到正常水平，对应图C。 33．根据原文“Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better, since they cannot describe it.”可知，研究人员调查灵长类动物是为了了解他们的感受。 34．这篇文章是关于科学家对压力与体温变化的研究，属于科普类内容，最可能出现在杂志的Science板块。 重难词汇: thermal /ˈθɜːml/adj. 热量的；热成像的 pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/n. 压力 flow /fləʊ/n. 流动 v. 流动 长难句精析： 1. Researchers at the University of Sussex recorded 29 people with a thermal imaging camera to see what happened when they were stressed. 翻译：萨塞克斯大学的研究人员用热成像相机记录了 29 名受试者，观察他们处于压力状态时身体发生的变化。 分析：介词短语作后置定语修饰主语，不定式表目的，内含 what 引导宾语从句与 when 引导时间状语从句，串联实验目的与场景。 2. This is because the blood in their faces goes to their ears and eyes, which are important for sensing danger. 翻译：这是因为面部血液流向耳朵和眼睛，这些器官对感知危险至关重要。 分析： because 引导表语从句说明原因，which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为耳朵和眼睛，补充其作用。 3. Researchers hope to use this to understand how they feel and how to make them feel better, since they cannot describe it. 翻译：研究人员希望借此了解灵长类动物的情绪并改善其状态，因为它们无法用语言表达自身感受。 分析：主句含两个并列宾语结构，since 引导原因状语从句点明研究方式的必要性。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $