专题02 选词填空（期末真题汇编，上海专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 汇集上海多所重点中学高一下期末选词填空真题，聚焦人与社会、自我、自然三大主题，素材涵盖反过度旅游、AI影响、中医茶等时代热点与文化议题，兼具语言实践与素养培育价值。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选词填空|6篇（每篇10空）|核心词汇（如appeal/destination/AI术语/中医词汇）、语境逻辑分析|以undertourism、AI对学生生活影响等社会热点为情境，结合中医茶、瑜伽等文化健康主题，考查词汇在真实语境中的精准运用，匹配高一下学期语言能力与思维品质发展要求|

专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·上海市控江中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．beaten   B．appeal   C． intersection   D．avoiding   E. difference   F. seeking G. undiscovered   H. conscious   I. destination   J. trustworthy   K. undermarketed Undertourism Overtourism has made travel headlines for a couple of years, pushing sustainable travelers to do their part by traveling in the off-season, shopping local, or 1 cities burdened with too many tourists. ·However, there is a growing trend on the opposite side of the coin: undertourism, the phenomenon of inadequate levels of tourism. While some cities cope with overcrowded streets, others are actively 2 tourists. Increasingly, destinations take advantage of undertourism as a benefit — like Norway’s 2017 declaration to “rescue tired travelers from overcrowded European cities by flying them to Oslo.” The bright side of undertourism? Being a mindful, 3 traveler is important no matter where you go. It’s a chance for travelers to plot paths where their money makes a real 4 . Travelers looking for genuine experiences could do better for themselves — and their destinations — by heading off the 5 track. Here are two “undertourist-ed” destinations recommended by travel writers: Flores and Sumba in Indonesia Traveller writer Kylie McLaughlin admitted Indonesia’s need for tourists is shocking considering how popular Bali (巴厘岛-印尼的岛屿) is among vacationers. But Bali is only one island. And Indonesia’s archipelago (群岛) has a population of 260million across islands still 6 by tourists. Fellow travel writer Ilona Biro said Flores and Sumba have similar 7 Western Mongolia Writer Aubrey Menarndt says traveling to 8 destinations makes her journeys feel like she is discovering something new. Hiking in Mongolia’s Bayan-Olgii provided such an adventure. “In the still-deep snow of late May, my friend and I climbed a peak to view the 9 of China, Russia, and Mongolia. The only being we encountered on our way was a(n) 10 mountain dog who motivated and kept us company in exchange for snacks,” she said. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市同济大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attached   B．properly   C． customs   D．appealing   E. deals   F. flooded G. typically   H. embarrassing   I. advanced   J. reveal   K. afford How AI Is Changing Students’ Life AI is changing students’ life. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has 11 many parts of student life. From AI writing assistants and smart learning apps to voice translation tools and virtual tutors, students today are surrounded by 12 technology. For many teenagers, AI has become not only a study tool but also a part of daily routine. One of the most 13 aspects of AI is its ability to make learning more efficient. Students can get grammar corrections, math solutions, and essay suggestions in seconds. Many AI platforms also offer students special 14 , which make learning tools cheaper and more accessible, especially for families who cannot 15 expensive tutoring. In this way, well-developed Al tools help narrow the learning gap between students from different backgrounds. However, relying too much on AI may bring challenges. Some students become overly 16 to AI, depending on it for homework and writing. This may reduce their critical thinking and creativity. It can also be 17 when a student uses AI-generated content that doesn’t match their real ability and is questioned by teachers. AI might 18 quick answers, but it does not teach students how to think deeply or express themselves in their own voice. Another issue is culture and communication. Al tools are often trained on global data and may ignore local values or school rules. For example, they might misunderstand local 19 or suggest examples that are not suitable for classroom use. Students need to develop the ability to judge what AI gives them instead of trusting it blindly. Overall, AI is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it brings great convenience and learning support. On the other hand, it may lead to over-dependence and shallow learning if not used 20 . As AI continues to develop, students must learn how to use it wisely. Teachers and parents also have a role to play in helping young people find a healthy balance between technology and personal effort. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市宝山区·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．based   B．remind   C． symptoms   D．individually   E. established   F. considered   G. edges    H. available  I. release       J. accurately      K. relief   TCM teas are hotter in health market Herbal tea inspired by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is being prepared at a TCM hospital in Dingxi, Gansu province, in December. Several Chinese hospitals have found their   1 in the country’s growing health drinks market by prescribing herbal formulas (开处方) that target minor 2 , from calming nerves and aiding sleep to promoting healthy hair. Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine recently launched five herbal medicine formulas for drinking. On the first day of the market   3 , 10,000 doses (剂量) were sold. Wan Xixi, deputy director of the hospital’s medical administration department, says these formulas are finished   4 on prescriptions from famous TCM practitioners (从业人员). Each dose of herbs is 5 packaged and can be boiled for easy consumption at home. “The bags of dried herbs are not   6 for purchase on the market. To obtain them, individuals must obtain a prescription as they are tailored to individual differences,” Wan explains. In recent years, an increasing number of health-conscious people have developed a strong interest in such herbal tea drinks. Many Chinese hospitals, especially TCM hospitals, are keen to promote their special herbal tea formulas, some of which change seasonally. For example, in summer, they focus on formulas of smoked tea for   7 from summer heat. In winter, herbal tea formulas for throat clearing are more popular. In addition to hospitals, many pharmacies (药房), including the   8 brand Beijing Tong Ren Tang, have seen a boost in herbal tea sales. Pharmacies   9 buyers that while some herbs are available in drink form and others, and can be consumed as food, herbal formulas are still   10 medicine and should be taken under proper medical supervision. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市浦东新区华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．wonder  B．regular  C． doubt D．physically E. breathing F. wealth G. functioning  H. flexibility I. flow J. generally K. mood Sometimes it’s the simplest daily practice that can have the biggest impact on your health, and yoga is proof of that. Although most forms of yoga aren’t considered to be as intense as other workout regimens, practising yoga on a daily basis has been scientifically demonstrated to help you mentally and 11 . Through breath work, meditation and holding poses that increase strength and 12 the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health. It’s no 13 people have been practising yoga for over 5000 years, and that the number of Australians practising yoga doubled between 2008 and 2017 to over two million, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Yoga teacher, Jenni Tarmar, shares, “we have a 14 of research demonstrating that a regular mindfulness practice - the act of paying attention to the sensation in the body, thoughts and emotions without judgment - can reduce stress and help us to feel calmer, more productive, and 15 more even-keeled in our daily lives.” After evaluating yoga history and research, one 2014 review published in Frontiers in Human Neouroscience concluded that 16 yoga practice can help facilitate self-regulation. Another study of adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 found that practising yoga positively benefited emotional regulation and self-esteem. “Movement releases beneficial neurotransmitters (神经转发器) in the brain, which helps us feel good as well as assist in 17 regulation,” says yoga instructor, Evan Lawrence. “One of the things that I like about yoga specifically is that there is, at the same time, a focus on physical movement and 18 .” According to associate professor of psychiatry, Dr Gail Saltz, “practising yoga improves overall blood 19 to the body, including the brain, which is helpful for cognition and memory.” One 2019 review published in Brain Plasticity concluded that behavioural interventions like yoga can help “mitigate age-related and neurodegenerative decline” due to the positive effects a daily practice has on different parts of the 20 brain, like the hippocampus (which plays a major role in learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (cognitive control functions). 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 11 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 12 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 13 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 14 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 15 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 16 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 17 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 18 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 19 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 20 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·上海市上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advertising    B．air    C． chased    D．documenting    E. dominant F. dried    G. halved    H. hit    I. starving    J. undecided   K. wilderness A nation’s reality shows do not arise from nowhere. In the late nineteen-nineties, one of the most popular programs on Russian television was “Intercept,” in which police officers 1 and beat contestants who were trying to steal cars. In the late spring of 2016, billboards appeared across Britain, 2 a show that would attempt to remake society altogether. “No poverty. No bankers’ bonuses. No cyber-bullying.” Each poster asked the same question: “What if we could start again?” The show was called “Eden,” and it was about to 3 on Channel 4. The channel had been looking for an equivalent 4 since giving up the franchise(特权)of “Big Brother” in 2010, and “Eden,” with a rumored budget of fifteen million pounds, was the next contender. A group of twenty-three skilled strangers would live in the 5 isolated from the world, for a year. The cast members would build their own shelters and hunt and grow their food while a small crew and a set of remote cameras observed every minute of the “society”. Onscreen, “Eden” was slow and sincere. Filming had started in late March, and the participants were figuring out how to farm and how to feed themselves. The program was honest, as if it wasn’t sure if it was a documentary or something more performative. The cast seemed 6 too. They appeared divided about whether they should build a round tent and throw parties on the beach or dedicate more time to growing cabbage in the soil. At the same time, a male group discussed 7 weaker members out of the group. During its initial run of four episodes, “Eden” s audience, which began with two million viewers, nearly 8 . The show went off the screen. The plan had been to broadcast four mini-seasons, 9 the community’s progress throughout the year. But “Eden” did not return. In October, its Twitter feeds 10 up. However, unlike other reality shows, the makers of “Eden” persevered. The experiment went on. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A．spanning         B．condition    C． mute         D．bridging        E. fascinated         F. current  G.    intended           H. pioneer      I. novel         J. wake            K. dawn Sakamoto Ryuichi, who died on March 28th after a long battle with cancer, once described his musical method thus: “I open my ears to the world.” But what Mr. Sakamoto heard, few others could. As a member of the Japanese techno-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra, he helped 11 modern electronic music. His passing elicited tributes from musical luminaries (杰出人物) around the world, testimony to the influence of his genre- 12 career. Mr. Sakamoto was born in Tokyo in 1952 and took to music early. He graduated from one of Tokyo’s top conservatories, where he studied Western classical music, becoming especially 13 by Claude Debussy. There, he also explored an interest in the traditional music of Okinawa as well as in that of India and Africa. Early in his career, Mr. Sakamoto trained his ears on the sound of technology. Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO), a group he formed in 1978 alongside Hosono Haruomi and Takahashi Yukihiro, used synthesizers in instrumental songs 14 for dancing — a 15 combination at the time. “Errors or noises absorb me and I wonder if a new cultural 16 could emerge from this deficiency,” YMO’s success made Mr. Sakamoto a star in Japan, leading to a role opposite David Bowie in Oshima Nagisa’s 1983 film “Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence”. Mr. Sakamoto agreed to act in the movie on 17 that he could score (配乐) it. His compositions, which blended melodic piano chords, sweeping synthesizers and Javanese gamelan, propelled him to global fame — and established him as an artist 18 east and west. Unusually for a Japanese musician, Mr. Sakamoto used his fame to speak out on social and political issues, including environmental preservation and the oppression of Okinawans. Nuclear power was a particular problem. “They know nuclear power is unnecessary and dangerous,” he railed in an interview in 2006, five years before an earthquake and tsunami rocked north-east Japan and triggered a nuclear meltdown in Fukushima. In the 19 of the disaster, Mr. Sakamoto travelled often to the region to support local residents. In 2014 a first cancer diagnosis shook Mr. Sakamoto’s life. But even that could not 20 his longing to hear more. The next year he composed the score for Mr. Iñárritu’s “The Revenant”. In “Coda”, a documentary about Mr. Sakamoto released two years later, he can be seen traversing the North Pole and dropping microphones underneath the ice. “I’m fishing the sound,” he says, grinning at the camera, before declaring his catch “the purest I’ve ever heard”. 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandon    B．appreciation    C． artificial    D．crowd    E. demonstration F. essence    G. insensitive    H. interactions    I. missing    J. momentary   K. overvalued Tree climbing is a curious form of travel. Discovering a trunk with a clear path to the crown is as fascinating as finding a ladder to the moon; this is the 1 of climbing, a method of getting away from the boring everyday life. Putting physical space between ourselves and our daily routines cannot be 2 . After days spent writing papers and finishing assignments, climbing brings a step back from a wholly 3 environment. Tree tops are spaces that renew our 4 for small pleasures: reading a book, talking to a friend or enjoying a cup of coffee. Sitting on a branch provides a kind of 5 amnesia (失忆) in the natural world that allows us to forget street-level worries. When we sit alone in the greenwood, a new loneliness is experienced — the comfort of clear thought. Crossing roads or making phone calls, we are too engaged to look up. Tree climbing provides the 6 link to our love of nature in our childhood. Living in the city, a vital part of us becomes 7 and our natural instincts are restricted. The city becomes more crowded by the day but we must not allow our need for space to 8 out the tree world. Our 9 with nature mustn’t be limited to advertisements or watching mice running over rail lines. Now 10 the geographic drawing on your phone and try looking on the world from a branch. You might be surprised at the vision itself: a secret garden in the sky. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市七宝中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ease     B．self-conscious  C．navigate   D．composition  AB．irrationality  AC．barely  AD．regular   BC．master       BD．initially   CD．pursuits    ABC． criticisms Teens need real jobs, not elite internships The vogue for teenagers doing prestigious internships or having “enrichment experiences” may have gone too far in the narrow swath of society that can afford this dubious (微不足道的) luxury. Well-meaning parents believe that they’re offering their kids something better than a/an 11 , traditional summer job. But are they? When I was in college, I worked at Bartley’s Burger Cottage. My hair and clothes smelled like grease, and I had to learn the precise 12 of the “Kennedy Burger” and maybe 47 other burgers, but it was a great job. There was something relaxing or liberating about doing work completely unrelated to our futures or career goals or creative 13 . Would we have been happier if we were interning at publishing houses or consulting firms? I am not so sure. While it can seem like kids in fancy internships with carefully curated resumes are better prepared for life, that may not be entirely true. One of my daughter’s friends told me about missing a flight for a very important presentation at her internship that Monday. She ended up spending money she had been saving up for the school year to buy a very expensive ticket to make it back in time, and getting 14 any sleep. When she arrived, it turned out no one was around to hear her very important presentation. In that internship, she felt anxious, a little 15 , and was fairly quiet. But in her restaurant job she was more relaxed. She found herself opening up to strangers, learning to banter (打趣), to talk to anyone, to put people at 16 . Working in a restaurant or store is a/an 17 class in human interaction. You learn how to respond to 18 , to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires, to unruly or unfair 19 , which are highly useful skills to master when you are young. You are exposed to a variety of colorful strangers. You figure out how to manage all kinds of situations. And, of course, learning to 20 people is something you need in every profession, in every walk of life. 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市宝山区·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．based   B．remind   C． symptoms   D．individually   E. established   F. considered   G. edges    H. available  I. release       J. accurately      K. relief   TCM teas are hotter in health market Herbal tea inspired by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is being prepared at a TCM hospital in Dingxi, Gansu province, in December. Several Chinese hospitals have found their   21 in the country’s growing health drinks market by prescribing herbal formulas (开处方) that target minor 22 , from calming nerves and aiding sleep to promoting healthy hair. Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine recently launched five herbal medicine formulas for drinking. On the first day of the market   23 , 10,000 doses (剂量) were sold. Wan Xixi, deputy director of the hospital’s medical administration department, says these formulas are finished   24 on prescriptions from famous TCM practitioners (从业人员). Each dose of herbs is 25 packaged and can be boiled for easy consumption at home. “The bags of dried herbs are not   26 for purchase on the market. To obtain them, individuals must obtain a prescription as they are tailored to individual differences,” Wan explains. In recent years, an increasing number of health-conscious people have developed a strong interest in such herbal tea drinks. Many Chinese hospitals, especially TCM hospitals, are keen to promote their special herbal tea formulas, some of which change seasonally. For example, in summer, they focus on formulas of smoked tea for   27 from summer heat. In winter, herbal tea formulas for throat clearing are more popular. In addition to hospitals, many pharmacies (药房), including the   28 brand Beijing Tong Ren Tang, have seen a boost in herbal tea sales. Pharmacies   29 buyers that while some herbs are available in drink form and others, and can be consumed as food, herbal formulas are still   30 medicine and should be taken under proper medical supervision. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 31 . “The 32 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 33 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 34 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 35 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 36 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 37 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 38 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 39 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 40 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 选词填空 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·上海市控江中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．beaten   B．appeal   C． intersection   D．avoiding   E. difference   F. seeking G. undiscovered   H. conscious   I. destination   J. trustworthy   K. undermarketed Undertourism Overtourism has made travel headlines for a couple of years, pushing sustainable travelers to do their part by traveling in the off-season, shopping local, or 1 cities burdened with too many tourists. ·However, there is a growing trend on the opposite side of the coin: undertourism, the phenomenon of inadequate levels of tourism. While some cities cope with overcrowded streets, others are actively 2 tourists. Increasingly, destinations take advantage of undertourism as a benefit — like Norway’s 2017 declaration to “rescue tired travelers from overcrowded European cities by flying them to Oslo.” The bright side of undertourism? Being a mindful, 3 traveler is important no matter where you go. It’s a chance for travelers to plot paths where their money makes a real 4 . Travelers looking for genuine experiences could do better for themselves — and their destinations — by heading off the 5 track. Here are two “undertourist-ed” destinations recommended by travel writers: Flores and Sumba in Indonesia Traveller writer Kylie McLaughlin admitted Indonesia’s need for tourists is shocking considering how popular Bali (巴厘岛-印尼的岛屿) is among vacationers. But Bali is only one island. And Indonesia’s archipelago (群岛) has a population of 260million across islands still 6 by tourists. Fellow travel writer Ilona Biro said Flores and Sumba have similar 7 Western Mongolia Writer Aubrey Menarndt says traveling to 8 destinations makes her journeys feel like she is discovering something new. Hiking in Mongolia’s Bayan-Olgii provided such an adventure. “In the still-deep snow of late May, my friend and I climbed a peak to view the 9 of China, Russia, and Mongolia. The only being we encountered on our way was a(n) 10 mountain dog who motivated and kept us company in exchange for snacks,” she said. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．E 5．A 6．G 7．B 8．K 9．C 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“旅游不足”这一现象展开，将其与“旅游过度”进行对比，介绍了旅游不足现象及其带来的影响，并推荐了相关旅游目的地。 1．考查动名词。句意：几年来，过度旅游一直是旅游领域的头条新闻，促使可持续的旅行者在淡季旅行，在当地购物，或者避开游客太多的城市，以此来尽自己的一份力量。与“traveling in the off-season, shopping local”并列，表达“避开”游客过多的城市，应用动名词形式。故选D。 2．考查现在分词。句意：当一些城市应对拥挤的街道时，另一些城市正在积极吸引游客。“are actively ______ tourists”需现在分词，意为“积极吸引游客”，与前半句“过度拥挤”形成对比，“seeking”表示“寻求、吸引”。故选F。 3．考查形容词。 句意：无论你去哪里，做一个有意识的旅行者都很重要。修饰“traveler”，“mindful, conscious”强调“有意识的、细心的”，符合“负责任旅行”的语境。故选H。 4．考查名词。 句意：对于旅行者来说，这是一个机会，他们可以规划出自己的钱能真正发挥作用的路线。固定搭配“make a real difference”，表示“产生真正的影响”，指游客的消费能切实帮助目的地。故选E。 5．考查固定短语。 句意：寻求真正体验的旅行者如果不走寻常路，对自己和目的地都有好处。固定短语beaten track意为“常规的路，老路”，符合句意，故选A。 6．考查过去分词。 句意：印度尼西亚的群岛有2.6亿人口，其中一些岛屿尚未被游客发现。设空处修饰名词作定语，“islands still undiscovered by tourists”表示“仍未被游客发现的岛屿”，强调未被开发状态，应用过去分词。故选G。 7．考查名词。 句意：旅行作家伊洛娜·比罗说，弗洛雷斯和松巴岛也有类似的吸引力。“similar appeal”指“类似的吸引力”，说明Flores和Sumba与巴厘岛一样有旅游价值，但未被过度关注。故选B。 8．考查形容词。 句意：作家奥布里·梅纳恩特说，去市场不太发达的目的地旅行让她觉得自己在发现一些新东西。修饰“destinations”，“undermarketed”表示“营销不足的”，符合“旅游不足”中目的地未被充分推广的特点。故选K。 9．考查名词。 句意：五月末，我和朋友在厚厚的积雪中爬上了一座山峰，想看看中国、俄罗斯和蒙古的交界处。“the intersection of China, Russia, and Mongolia”指“中、俄、蒙三国交界处”，符合句意，故选C。 10．考查形容词。 句意：我们在路上唯一遇到的是一只值得信赖的山地狗，它激励着我们，陪伴着我们，以换取零食。修饰“mountain dog”，“trustworthy”意为“值得信赖的”，与后文 “陪伴并激励游客”的描述一致。故选J。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市同济大学第二附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attached   B．properly   C． customs   D．appealing   E. deals   F. flooded G. typically   H. embarrassing   I. advanced   J. reveal   K. afford How AI Is Changing Students’ Life AI is changing students’ life. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has 11 many parts of student life. From AI writing assistants and smart learning apps to voice translation tools and virtual tutors, students today are surrounded by 12 technology. For many teenagers, AI has become not only a study tool but also a part of daily routine. One of the most 13 aspects of AI is its ability to make learning more efficient. Students can get grammar corrections, math solutions, and essay suggestions in seconds. Many AI platforms also offer students special 14 , which make learning tools cheaper and more accessible, especially for families who cannot 15 expensive tutoring. In this way, well-developed Al tools help narrow the learning gap between students from different backgrounds. However, relying too much on AI may bring challenges. Some students become overly 16 to AI, depending on it for homework and writing. This may reduce their critical thinking and creativity. It can also be 17 when a student uses AI-generated content that doesn’t match their real ability and is questioned by teachers. AI might 18 quick answers, but it does not teach students how to think deeply or express themselves in their own voice. Another issue is culture and communication. Al tools are often trained on global data and may ignore local values or school rules. For example, they might misunderstand local 19 or suggest examples that are not suitable for classroom use. Students need to develop the ability to judge what AI gives them instead of trusting it blindly. Overall, AI is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it brings great convenience and learning support. On the other hand, it may lead to over-dependence and shallow learning if not used 20 . As AI continues to develop, students must learn how to use it wisely. Teachers and parents also have a role to play in helping young people find a healthy balance between technology and personal effort. 【答案】 11．F 12．I 13．D 14．E 15．K 16．A 17．H 18．J 19．C 20．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述AI改变学生生活，带来高效学习和优惠，但导致过度依赖等问题，需明智使用并平衡技术与个人努力。 11．考查动词时态。 句意：近年来，人工智能（AI）已经涌入了学生生活的许多方面。此空应填动词过去分词，与has构成现在完成时，根据后文“From AI writing assistants and smart learning apps to voice translation tools and virtual tutors”可知，flooded“大量涌入” 符合句意。故选F。 12．考查形容词。 句意：从人工智能写作助手和智能学习应用程序到语音翻译工具和虚拟导师，今天的学生都被先进的技术所包围。此空应填形容词修饰technology，advanced，表“先进的”，符合语境。故选I。 13．考查形容词。 句意：AI 最吸引人的方面之一是它能让学习更高效。此空应填形容词作定语，根据下文“its ability to make learning more efficient.”可知，appealing，表“有吸引力的”，符合“AI 功能吸引人”的句意。故选D。 14．考查名词。 句意：许多人工智能平台还为学生提供特别优惠，这使得学习工具更便宜、更容易使用，特别是对于负担不起昂贵辅导的家庭。此空应填名词作宾语，deals表“交易；优惠”，special deals为固定搭配，符合“让学习工具更便宜”的语境。故选E。 15．考查动词。 句意：许多人工智能平台还为学生提供特别优惠，这使得学习工具更便宜、更容易使用，特别是对于负担不起昂贵辅导的家庭。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形，与cannot构成否定，afford表“负担得起”，符合句意。故选K。 16．考查形容词。 句意：一些学生过度依赖人工智能，依赖它完成作业和写作。此空应填形容词，attached（to），表“依恋的；依赖的”，overly attached to AI为固定搭配，符合“依赖 AI”的语境。故选A。 17．考查形容词。 句意：当学生使用与真实能力不符的AI生成内容并被老师质疑时，这也会很尴尬。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，embarrassing，表“尴尬的”，符合“被质疑时的窘境”。故选H。 18．考查动词。 句意：AI可能会快速给出答案，但它不会教学生如何深入思考或用自己的声音表达自己。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形，reveal表“揭示；给出”，与answers搭配，符合句意。故选J。 19．考查名词。 句意：例如，他们可能会误解当地习俗，或者提出不适合课堂使用的例子。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，customs，表“习俗”，local customs为常见搭配，符合“文化与沟通”的语境。故选C。 20．考查副词。 句意：另一方面，如果使用不当，它可能会导致过度依赖和肤浅的学习。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰used，properly，表“恰当地”，not used properly 表“使用不当”，符合句意。故选B。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市宝山区·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．based   B．remind   C． symptoms   D．individually   E. established   F. considered   G. edges    H. available  I. release       J. accurately      K. relief   TCM teas are hotter in health market Herbal tea inspired by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is being prepared at a TCM hospital in Dingxi, Gansu province, in December. Several Chinese hospitals have found their   1 in the country’s growing health drinks market by prescribing herbal formulas (开处方) that target minor 2 , from calming nerves and aiding sleep to promoting healthy hair. Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine recently launched five herbal medicine formulas for drinking. On the first day of the market   3 , 10,000 doses (剂量) were sold. Wan Xixi, deputy director of the hospital’s medical administration department, says these formulas are finished   4 on prescriptions from famous TCM practitioners (从业人员). Each dose of herbs is 5 packaged and can be boiled for easy consumption at home. “The bags of dried herbs are not   6 for purchase on the market. To obtain them, individuals must obtain a prescription as they are tailored to individual differences,” Wan explains. In recent years, an increasing number of health-conscious people have developed a strong interest in such herbal tea drinks. Many Chinese hospitals, especially TCM hospitals, are keen to promote their special herbal tea formulas, some of which change seasonally. For example, in summer, they focus on formulas of smoked tea for   7 from summer heat. In winter, herbal tea formulas for throat clearing are more popular. In addition to hospitals, many pharmacies (药房), including the   8 brand Beijing Tong Ren Tang, have seen a boost in herbal tea sales. Pharmacies   9 buyers that while some herbs are available in drink form and others, and can be consumed as food, herbal formulas are still   10 medicine and should be taken under proper medical supervision. 【答案】 1．G 2．C 3．I 4．A 5．D 6．H 7．K 8．E 9．B 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中药茶在健康市场走热的情况、制作及相关注意事项。 1．考查名词。句意：多家中国医院通过开针对轻微症状的草药配方，在不断增长的健康饮品市场中找到了自己的优势。本空作found的宾语，结合下文的“from calming nerves and aiding sleep to promoting healthy hair.”可知，此处用名词edges意为“优势”，表示医院在市场中占据的有利地位。故选G。 2．考查名词。句意：多家中国医院通过开针对轻微症状的草药配方，在不断增长的健康饮品市场中找到了自己的优势，这些配方针对从安神助眠到护发的轻微症状。本空作target的宾语，结合“calming nerves and aiding sleep”可知，此处用名词symptoms意为“症状”，与等健康需求对应。故选C。 3．考查名词。句意：在市场推出的第一天，就售出了1万剂。本空作of的宾语，根据句意以及下文的“10,000 doses（剂量）were sold.”可知，此处表示的市场销售情况，由此可知，此处表示“推出”为release，指配方饮品的首次上市。故选I。 4．考查动词短语。句意：医院医疗行政部副主任Wan Xixi说这些配方是根据著名中医从业者的处方制成的。本空作状语，结合下文的“on prescriptions from famous TCM practitioners (从业人员)”可知，此处为based on意为“基于”，表示配方的制作依据。故选A。 5．考查副词。句意：每剂草药都单独包装，可煮沸后在家轻松饮用。本空修饰packaged，用副词作状语，结合句意，此处表示 “单独地”为individually，强调包装的个性化。故选D。 6．考查形容词。句意：这些干草药包在市场上不可购买。本空作表语，结合句意，此处表示“可购买的”，与“must obtain a prescription”形成对比，所以此处为available 作表语。故选H。 7．考查名词。句意：例如，夏季他们专注于烟熏茶配方来缓解暑热。本空作for的宾语，结合句意和下文的“from summer heat.”可知，此处表示“缓解……”为relief，符合夏季抗暑的需求。故选K。 8．考查形容词。句意：除医院外，许多药房，包括知名品牌北京同仁堂，草药茶销量也有所增长。本空作定语修饰brand，根据常识和下文的“Beijing Tong Ren Tang”可知，此处指的是 “知名的，已建立的”为established，形容同仁堂的品牌地位。故选E。 9．考查动词。句意：药房提醒购买者，尽管有些草药有饮品形式，还有些可作为食物食用，但草药配方仍被视为药物，应在适当的医疗监督下服用。本空作谓语，结合句意以及下文的“that while some herbs are available in drink form and others”可知，此处是提醒购买者的内容，所以此处为remind意为“提醒”，后接that从句，符合药房对消费者的告知义务。故选B。 10．考查动词。句意：药房提醒购买者，虽然有些草药可制成饮品或作为食物食用，但草药配方仍被视为药物，应在适当的医疗监督下服用。本空作谓语，根据句意以及下文的“should be taken under medical supervision”可知，此处为considered意为“被视为”。故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市浦东新区华东师范大学附属周浦中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．wonder  B．regular  C． doubt D．physically E. breathing F. wealth G. functioning  H. flexibility I. flow J. generally K. mood Sometimes it’s the simplest daily practice that can have the biggest impact on your health, and yoga is proof of that. Although most forms of yoga aren’t considered to be as intense as other workout regimens, practising yoga on a daily basis has been scientifically demonstrated to help you mentally and 11 . Through breath work, meditation and holding poses that increase strength and 12 the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health. It’s no 13 people have been practising yoga for over 5000 years, and that the number of Australians practising yoga doubled between 2008 and 2017 to over two million, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Yoga teacher, Jenni Tarmar, shares, “we have a 14 of research demonstrating that a regular mindfulness practice - the act of paying attention to the sensation in the body, thoughts and emotions without judgment - can reduce stress and help us to feel calmer, more productive, and 15 more even-keeled in our daily lives.” After evaluating yoga history and research, one 2014 review published in Frontiers in Human Neouroscience concluded that 16 yoga practice can help facilitate self-regulation. Another study of adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 found that practising yoga positively benefited emotional regulation and self-esteem. “Movement releases beneficial neurotransmitters (神经转发器) in the brain, which helps us feel good as well as assist in 17 regulation,” says yoga instructor, Evan Lawrence. “One of the things that I like about yoga specifically is that there is, at the same time, a focus on physical movement and 18 .” According to associate professor of psychiatry, Dr Gail Saltz, “practising yoga improves overall blood 19 to the body, including the brain, which is helpful for cognition and memory.” One 2019 review published in Brain Plasticity concluded that behavioural interventions like yoga can help “mitigate age-related and neurodegenerative decline” due to the positive effects a daily practice has on different parts of the 20 brain, like the hippocampus (which plays a major role in learning and memory) and the prefrontal cortex (cognitive control functions). 【答案】 11．D 12．H 13．A 14．F 15．J 16．B 17．K 18．E 19．I 20．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过引用科学研究、专家观点和统计数据来说明瑜伽对身心健康的积极影响，解释瑜伽如何帮助人们进行自我调节、改善情绪和认知功能，并强调了瑜伽作为一种日常实践的重要性。 11．考查副词。句意：虽然大多数形式的瑜伽不像其他锻炼方案那样剧烈，但科学证明，每天练习瑜伽对你的身心都有帮助。根据前文的“mentally and”可知，空处应和前文的mentally并列，应是D项physically“身体上”符合语境，构成固定搭配：mentally and physically意为“精神上和身体上”。故选D项。 12．考查名词。句意：通过呼吸练习，冥想和保持姿势，增加身体和心灵的力量和灵活性，从瑜伽中获益，对你的长期健康有积极的影响。空处和前文的strength并列，所以空处应填名词，此处应是flexibility意为“灵活性”符合语境。故选H项。 13．考查名词。句意：难怪人们练习瑜伽已经超过5000年了，根据澳大利亚统计局的数据，澳大利亚练习瑜伽的人数在2008年至2017年间翻了一番，超过200万人。根据前文“the body and mind gain benefits from yoga that positively impact your long-term health.”可知，空处应是wonder意为“惊奇”，构成固定搭配：it is no wonder意为“难怪”符合语境。故选A项。 14．考查名词。句意：瑜伽老师Jenni Tarmar分享说：“我们有大量的研究表明，定期的正念练习——不加评判地关注身体的感觉、思想和情绪——可以减轻压力，帮助我们在日常生活中感到更平静、更有效率、更平稳。”空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是wealth意为“大量”，构成固定搭配：a wealth of意为“大量的”符合语境。故选F项。 15．考查副词。句意：瑜伽老师珍妮·塔尔玛 (Jenni Tarmar) 分享道：“我们有大量的研究表明，经常进行正念练习——即不加评判地关注身体的感觉、思想和情感——可以减轻压力，帮助我们在日常生活中感觉更加平静、更有效率，而且通常更加稳定。”空处修饰空后的形容词，应该用副词修饰，根据句意，应是generally意为“通常”符合语境。故选J项。 16．考查形容词。句意：在评估了瑜伽的历史和研究之后，2014年发表在《人类神经科学前沿》(Frontiers in Human neuroscience)上的一篇综述得出结论，定期练习瑜伽有助于促进自我调节。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是regular意为“定期的”符合语境。故选B项。 17．考查名词。句意：瑜伽教练埃文·劳伦斯说：“运动在大脑中释放有益的神经递质，这有助于我们感觉良好，并有助于调节情绪。”空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是mood，和regulation构成固定搭配：mood regulation意为“情绪调节”符合语境。故选K项。 18．考查名词。句意：我特别喜欢瑜伽的一个原因是，它同时注重身体运动和呼吸。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的movement并列，所以空处应填名词作宾语，此处应是breathing，表达“同时注重身体运动和呼吸”之意。故选E项。 19．考查名词。句意：精神病学副教授盖尔·萨尔茨博士表示，“练习瑜伽可以改善身体的整体血液流动，包括大脑，这对认知和记忆有帮助。”空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处应是flow，构成固定词组搭配：blood flow意为“血流”。故选I项。 20．考查名词。句意：2019年发表在《大脑可塑性》杂志上的一篇综述得出结论，瑜伽等行为干预措施可以帮助“缓解与年龄相关的神经退行性衰退”，因为每天的练习对大脑功能的不同部位有积极影响，比如海马体(在学习和记忆中起主要作用)和前额皮质(认知控制功能)。此处修饰名词brain，应用名词functioning“功能”，作定语。故选G项。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·海市闵行区上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．critics        B．experimented        C．supply        D．sufficient        E．feed        F．resolve G．hazardous        H．novel                I．processed        J．produced        K．extinct The population of the world is increasing rapidly. By 2030, there could be 8.0 billion people on earth. Will there be 1 food for all these people, or will we have a food shortage? Some scientists think fish farming could 2 this problem. However, other scientists worry that fish farming could cause serious environmental problems. Fish farming is not a 3 thing. There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago. Today, about one-third of the fish we eat comes from fish farms. Most fish farms raise plant-eating fish. Popular kinds of plant-eating fish are carp, tilapia, and catfish. Unfortunately, many fish farms are starting to raise meat-eating fish. A popular type of meat-eating fish is salmon. These meat-eating fish live on 4 food made from wild fish. However, it takes up to 5 tons of wild fish to produce just 1 ton of farm-raised salmon. The 5 of wild fish is already decreasing. Eventually, many types of wild fish could go 6 . What will we do then? 7 of fish farming also say that farm-raised fish is unhealthy for humans. They say the fish contains dangerous chemicals. They also blame the issue on fish farming because it pollutes the water. Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish. Some people say that the farming methods being used now hasn’t 8 enough fish anyway. Instead of putting fish farms in lakes or near the coast, they say that the fish farms should be moved far out into the ocean. Several countries have already 9 with deep-ocean farms. In the future, fish farms might be large cages that move across the ocean. Like most things, there is both a good and a bad side to fish farming. Fish farming may help to 10 millions of people. At the same time, however, fish farming may damage the environment. 【答案】 1．D 2．F 3．H 4．I 5．C 6．K 7．A 8．J 9．B 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了世界人口增长和随之而来的潜在食物短缺问题，以及养鱼作为解决方案的利弊。 1．考查形容词。句意：到2030年，地球上可能将有80亿人口。会有足够的食物供给所有这些人吗，还是会发生食物短缺？根据后文“or will we have a food shortage(还是会发生食物短缺)”可知，此处应表示“足够的”，形容词。故选D项。 2．考查动词。句意：然而，其他科学家担心养鱼可能会引起严重的环境问题。根据前文“some scientists think fish farming could(其他科学家担心养鱼可能会)”以及下文“this problem(这一问题)”可知，此处应表示“解决”含义的动词。故选F项。 3．考查形容词。句意：养鱼不是一件新鲜事。根据前文“Fish farming is not a(养鱼不是一件)”和后文“There were fish farms in China 3, 000 years ago(三千多年前在中国就有渔场)”可知，此处应表示“新奇的，新颖的”，使用形容词作定语。故选H项。 4．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，许多养鱼场开始养殖食肉鱼类。一种受欢迎的食肉鱼类是鲑鱼。这些食肉鱼类以加工食物为食，这些食物由野生鱼类制成。根据后文“made from wild fish(由野生鱼类制成)”可知，此处应表示“加工”。故选I项。 5．考查名词。句意：然而，这需要多达5吨的野生鱼类才能生产出1吨的养鱼场养殖鲑鱼。根据后文“wild fish is already decreasing(野生鱼的……正在下降)”可知，此处应表示“供应”。故选C项。 6．考查形容词。句意：最终，许多野生鱼类可能会灭绝。根据上文“wild fish could go(野生鱼会……)”以及下文“What will we do then?(那个时候我们应该怎么办？)”可知，此处应表示“灭绝的”。故选K项。 7．考查名词。句意：养鱼的批评者还说，养鱼对人类来说是不健康的。根据后文“Another criticism is that farm-raised fish can spread diseases to wild fish (另一个批评是渔场养的鱼会将疾病传播至野生鱼)”可知，此处应表示“批评者”。故选A项。 8．考查动词。句意：然而，现在使用的方法还没有产生足够的鱼类。根据后文“enough fish (足够的鱼)”可知，此处应表示“产生”。故选J项。 9．考查动词。句意：几个国家已经在深海养殖场进行了实验。根据后文“with deep-ocean farms(深海养殖场)”可知，此处应表示“对……进行实验”。故选B项。 10．考查动词。句意：渔场养殖有助于养活数百万人。根据后文“millions of people(数百万人)”可知，此处应表示“养活”。故选E项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．absent B．flood C． bound D．indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus 11 as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several 12 , this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to 13 the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and 14 , the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake 15 similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their 16 appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs 17 tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer 18 in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some 19 , looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch 20 fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】 11．H 12．K 13．B 14．G 15．F 16．J 17．C 18．A 19．E 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 11．考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 12．考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，此处使用副词critically“关键地，严重地”，several critically是省略后的附加语，完整形式为several [populations are] critically [endangered]。使用副词critically是因为需要修饰形容词endangered，构成critically endangered(极度濒危)这一固定搭配。故选K项。 13．考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 14．考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 15．考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 16．考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 17．考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 18．考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 19．考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 20．考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会—— Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·上海市上海交通大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．advertising    B．air    C． chased    D．documenting    E. dominant F. dried    G. halved    H. hit    I. starving    J. undecided   K. wilderness A nation’s reality shows do not arise from nowhere. In the late nineteen-nineties, one of the most popular programs on Russian television was “Intercept,” in which police officers 1 and beat contestants who were trying to steal cars. In the late spring of 2016, billboards appeared across Britain, 2 a show that would attempt to remake society altogether. “No poverty. No bankers’ bonuses. No cyber-bullying.” Each poster asked the same question: “What if we could start again?” The show was called “Eden,” and it was about to 3 on Channel 4. The channel had been looking for an equivalent 4 since giving up the franchise(特权)of “Big Brother” in 2010, and “Eden,” with a rumored budget of fifteen million pounds, was the next contender. A group of twenty-three skilled strangers would live in the 5 isolated from the world, for a year. The cast members would build their own shelters and hunt and grow their food while a small crew and a set of remote cameras observed every minute of the “society”. Onscreen, “Eden” was slow and sincere. Filming had started in late March, and the participants were figuring out how to farm and how to feed themselves. The program was honest, as if it wasn’t sure if it was a documentary or something more performative. The cast seemed 6 too. They appeared divided about whether they should build a round tent and throw parties on the beach or dedicate more time to growing cabbage in the soil. At the same time, a male group discussed 7 weaker members out of the group. During its initial run of four episodes, “Eden” s audience, which began with two million viewers, nearly 8 . The show went off the screen. The plan had been to broadcast four mini-seasons, 9 the community’s progress throughout the year. But “Eden” did not return. In October, its Twitter feeds 10 up. However, unlike other reality shows, the makers of “Eden” persevered. The experiment went on. 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．H 5．K 6．J 7．I 8．G 9．D 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一档名为“Eden”的真人秀节目，该节目让一群陌生人在荒野中生活一年，并记录他们的生活。然而，节目在播出四集后观众数量大幅下降，最终停播，但制作团队并未放弃，实验仍在继续。 1．考查动词。句意：在20世纪90年代末，俄罗斯电视上最受欢迎的节目之一是《拦截》，警察追捕并殴打试图偷车的参赛者。空处和“beat”并列作谓语动词，时态为一般过去时。chased“追逐”为动词过去式，符合句意，指警察追捕参赛者。故选C项。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年春末，英国各地出现了广告牌，宣传一档试图彻底重塑社会的节目。根据上文“billboards appeared across Britain”可知，空处应为非谓语动词作状语，billboards与advertising“为……做广告”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故选A项。 3．考查动词。句意：这档节目名为《伊甸园》，即将在第四频道播出。be about to do sth. 表示“即将做某事”，空处需填动词原形。air“播放”为动词，air on Channel 4表示“在第四频道播出”，符合句意。故选B项。 4．考查名词。句意：自 2010 年放弃《老大哥》的特许经营权以来，该频道一直在寻找一个类似的主导节目，而据传预算达1500万英镑的《伊甸园》是下一个竞争者。形容词equivalent后接名词，作looking for的宾语。hit“很受欢迎的人或事物”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。 5．考查名词。句意：一群23名技艺高超的陌生人将在荒野中与世隔绝地生活一年。空处应为名词作介词in的宾语，表示“他们将在荒野中生活”，wilderness“荒野”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 6．考查形容词。句意：演员们似乎也犹豫不决。seem后接形容词作表语。undecided“未决定的，犹豫不决的”为形容词，符合句意，指他们在搭建帐篷和种植蔬菜之间意见不一。故选J项。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，一个男性小组讨论将较弱的成员赶出小组。discuss后接动名词作宾语，starving“使挨饿”，starving sb. out of... 表示“通过使挨饿迫使某人离开……”，符合句意，指通过饥饿让弱者退出。故选I项。 8．考查动词。句意：在其最初播出的四集中，《伊甸园》的观众从最初的200万几乎减少了一半。空处应为谓语动词，表示“观众数量几乎减少了一半”，halved“减半”为动词，符合句意。故选G项。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：原计划是播出四部迷你季，记录这一年社区的进展。空处为非谓语动词作状语，broadcast与documenting“记录”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式，指节目记录社区发展。故选D项。 10．考查动词。句意：10月，它的推特动态停止更新了。空处应为谓语动词，它的推特动态停止更新了，dried“干涸；停止”为动词，dry up意为“停止”，符合句意。故选F项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市复旦大学附属中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A．spanning         B．condition    C． mute         D．bridging        E. fascinated         F. current  G.    intended           H. pioneer      I. novel         J. wake            K. dawn Sakamoto Ryuichi, who died on March 28th after a long battle with cancer, once described his musical method thus: “I open my ears to the world.” But what Mr. Sakamoto heard, few others could. As a member of the Japanese techno-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra, he helped 11 modern electronic music. His passing elicited tributes from musical luminaries (杰出人物) around the world, testimony to the influence of his genre- 12 career. Mr. Sakamoto was born in Tokyo in 1952 and took to music early. He graduated from one of Tokyo’s top conservatories, where he studied Western classical music, becoming especially 13 by Claude Debussy. There, he also explored an interest in the traditional music of Okinawa as well as in that of India and Africa. Early in his career, Mr. Sakamoto trained his ears on the sound of technology. Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO), a group he formed in 1978 alongside Hosono Haruomi and Takahashi Yukihiro, used synthesizers in instrumental songs 14 for dancing — a 15 combination at the time. “Errors or noises absorb me and I wonder if a new cultural 16 could emerge from this deficiency,” YMO’s success made Mr. Sakamoto a star in Japan, leading to a role opposite David Bowie in Oshima Nagisa’s 1983 film “Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence”. Mr. Sakamoto agreed to act in the movie on 17 that he could score (配乐) it. His compositions, which blended melodic piano chords, sweeping synthesizers and Javanese gamelan, propelled him to global fame — and established him as an artist 18 east and west. Unusually for a Japanese musician, Mr. Sakamoto used his fame to speak out on social and political issues, including environmental preservation and the oppression of Okinawans. Nuclear power was a particular problem. “They know nuclear power is unnecessary and dangerous,” he railed in an interview in 2006, five years before an earthquake and tsunami rocked north-east Japan and triggered a nuclear meltdown in Fukushima. In the 19 of the disaster, Mr. Sakamoto travelled often to the region to support local residents. In 2014 a first cancer diagnosis shook Mr. Sakamoto’s life. But even that could not 20 his longing to hear more. The next year he composed the score for Mr. Iñárritu’s “The Revenant”. In “Coda”, a documentary about Mr. Sakamoto released two years later, he can be seen traversing the North Pole and dropping microphones underneath the ice. “I’m fishing the sound,” he says, grinning at the camera, before declaring his catch “the purest I’ve ever heard”. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．E 14．G 15．I 16．F 17．B 18．D 19．J 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本著名音乐人士坂本龙一（Sakamoto Ryuichi）的生平、贡献和音乐特色等。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：作为日本电子流行乐队Yellow Magic Orchestra的成员，他帮助开创了现代电子音乐的先河。由下文“His passing elicited tributes from musical luminaries (杰出人物) around the world(他的去世引起了世界各地音乐名人的致敬)”可知坂本龙一在世界音乐界地位很高，说明他应该是帮助开创了现代电子音乐的先河，动词pioneer (开创)符合句意。故选H项。 12．考查动词。句意：他的去世引起了世界各地音乐名人的致敬，这证明了他跨流派职业生涯的影响。由下文“he studied Western classical music(他学习西方古典音乐)”和“There, he also explored an interest in the traditional music of Okinawa as well as in that of India and Africa.(在那里，他还探索了对冲绳传统音乐以及印度和非洲传统音乐的兴趣)”可知坂本龙一专研过多种音乐流派，动词spanning (跨越)符合句意。故选A项。 13．考查动词。句意：他毕业于东京一所顶尖的音乐学院，在那里他学习西方古典音乐，对克劳德·德彪西特别着迷。由上文“he studied Western classical music(他学习西方古典音乐)”可知，坂本龙一学习西方古典音乐，是因为被法国音乐家克劳德·德彪西吸引，动词fascinated (深深吸引)符合句意，故选E项。 14．考查动词。句意：Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO)是他于1978年与Hosono Haruomi和Takahashi Yukihiro一起成立的一个团体，在用于跳舞的器乐歌曲中使用了音响合成器——这在当时是一种新颖的组合。由下文“dancing”可知，歌曲是用于跳舞的，动词intended (打算)符合句意。故选G项。 15．考查形容词。句意：Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO)是他于1978年与Hosono Haruomi和Takahashi Yukihiro一起成立的一个团体，在用于跳舞的器乐歌曲中使用了音响合成器——这在当时是一种新颖的组合。由上文“synthesizers”可知，使用音响合成器合成音乐，这很新颖，形容词novel (新颖的)符合句意。故选I项。 16．考查名词。句意：“错误或噪音吸引了我，我想知道这种缺陷是否会产生一种新的文化潮流。”由上文“he helped modern electronic music(他帮助开创了现代电子音乐的先河)”可知，使用音响合成器合成音乐，坂本龙一想知道是否会产生一种新的文化潮流，名词current (潮流)符合句意。故选F项。 17．考查名词。句意：坂本同意出演这部电影，条件是他能为其配乐。由本处语境可知，他出演电影的条件是配乐，名词condition (条件)符合句意。故选B项。 18．考查动词。句意：他的作品融合了旋律优美的钢琴和弦、扫频音响合成器和爪哇加麦兰，使他享誉全球，并确立了他作为连接东西方的艺术家的地位。由上文“His compositions, which blended melodic piano chords, sweeping synthesizers and Javanese gamelan”可知，他将东西方艺术连接起来，动词bridging (架桥于、弥合)符合句意。故选D项。 19．考查名词。句意：灾难发生后，坂本先生经常前往该地区支持当地居民。由本处语境可知，灾难之后他去支援，in the wake of (在……后)符合句意。故选J项。 20．考查动词。句意：但即便如此，癌症不能减弱他对倾听声音的渴望。由下文“The next year he composed the score for Mr. Iñárritu’s “The Revenant”.(第二年，他为伊纳里图的《荒野猎人》谱曲)”可知，癌症不能减弱他对声音的渴望，动词mute (减弱)符合句意。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市上海交通大学附属中学嘉定分校·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandon    B．appreciation    C． artificial    D．crowd    E. demonstration F. essence    G. insensitive    H. interactions    I. missing    J. momentary   K. overvalued Tree climbing is a curious form of travel. Discovering a trunk with a clear path to the crown is as fascinating as finding a ladder to the moon; this is the 1 of climbing, a method of getting away from the boring everyday life. Putting physical space between ourselves and our daily routines cannot be 2 . After days spent writing papers and finishing assignments, climbing brings a step back from a wholly 3 environment. Tree tops are spaces that renew our 4 for small pleasures: reading a book, talking to a friend or enjoying a cup of coffee. Sitting on a branch provides a kind of 5 amnesia (失忆) in the natural world that allows us to forget street-level worries. When we sit alone in the greenwood, a new loneliness is experienced — the comfort of clear thought. Crossing roads or making phone calls, we are too engaged to look up. Tree climbing provides the 6 link to our love of nature in our childhood. Living in the city, a vital part of us becomes 7 and our natural instincts are restricted. The city becomes more crowded by the day but we must not allow our need for space to 8 out the tree world. Our 9 with nature mustn’t be limited to advertisements or watching mice running over rail lines. Now 10 the geographic drawing on your phone and try looking on the world from a branch. You might be surprised at the vision itself: a secret garden in the sky. 【答案】 1．F 2．K 3．C 4．B 5．J 6．I 7．G 8．D 9．H 10．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爬树是一种独特的旅行方式，能让人们远离日常烦扰，在自然中重获对小确幸的感知，唤醒童年对自然的热爱。 1．考查名词。句意：发现一个有着直达树冠通道的树干，就如同发现通往月球的梯子一般令人着迷；这就是攀爬的本质，是一种逃离单调日常生活的途径。根据“of climbing, a method of getting away from the boring everyday life”以及句意“本质”可知应填名词essence，作表语。故选F。 2．考查形容词。句意：在我们与日常事务之间留出一定的私人空间，其重要性再怎么强调都不为过。根据“Putting physical space between ourselves and our daily routines”以及句意“在我们与日常事务之间留出一定的私人空间，其重要性再怎么强调都不为过。”可知应填形容词overvalued，作表语。故选K。 3．考查形容词。句意：在数日的论文撰写和作业完成之后，登山让人们暂时摆脱了完全人造的环境，重新回归到自然之中。根据“After days spent writing papers and finishing assignments, climbing brings a step back from a wholly”以及句意“人造的”可知应填形容词artificial，修饰名词environment。故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：树梢处是能让人们重新感激那些微小快乐之所在的地方：比如阅读一本书、与朋友交谈或者享受一杯咖啡。根据“for small pleasures: reading a book, talking to a friend or enjoying a cup of coffee”以及句意“感激”可知应填名词appreciation，作宾语，不可数。故选B。 5．考查形容词。句意：坐在树枝上能让我们暂时忘却身处自然环境中的种种烦恼，从而得以抛开日常琐事的困扰。根据“amnesia in the natural world that allows us to forget street-level worries”以及句意“暂时”可知应填形容词momentary，修饰名词amnesia。故选J。 6．考查形容词。句意：攀爬树木填补了我们童年时期对大自然喜爱之情所缺失的那一环。根据“to our love of nature in our childhood”以及句意“缺失的”可知应填形容词missing，修饰link。故选I。 7．考查形容词。句意：生活在城市里，我们的一部分生命力会变得迟钝，我们的本能也会受到限制。根据“our natural instincts are restricted”以及句意“迟钝”可知应填形容词insensitive，作表语。故选G。 8．考查动词。句意：这座城市日益拥挤不堪，但我们绝不能因对空间的需求而忽视了大自然的生态平衡。根据“but we must not allow our need for space to”以及句意“忽视”可知短语为crowd out，上文为短语allow…to do sth.。故选D。 9．考查名词。句意：我们与自然的接触不应仅仅局限于广告宣传或者观察老鼠在铁轨上穿梭的情景。根据“with nature mustn’t be limited to advertisements or watching mice running over rail lines”以及句意“接触”可知应填复数名词interactions，作主语，故选H。 10．考查动词。句意：现在别再盯着手机上的地图看了，试着从树枝的角度去观察这个世界吧。根据“try looking on the world from a branch”以及句意“放弃”可知应填动词abandon，此处为肯定祈使句。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市七宝中学·期末） Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．ease     B．self-conscious  C．navigate   D．composition  AB．irrationality  AC．barely  AD．regular   BC．master       BD．initially   CD．pursuits    ABC． criticisms Teens need real jobs, not elite internships The vogue for teenagers doing prestigious internships or having “enrichment experiences” may have gone too far in the narrow swath of society that can afford this dubious (微不足道的) luxury. Well-meaning parents believe that they’re offering their kids something better than a/an 11 , traditional summer job. But are they? When I was in college, I worked at Bartley’s Burger Cottage. My hair and clothes smelled like grease, and I had to learn the precise 12 of the “Kennedy Burger” and maybe 47 other burgers, but it was a great job. There was something relaxing or liberating about doing work completely unrelated to our futures or career goals or creative 13 . Would we have been happier if we were interning at publishing houses or consulting firms? I am not so sure. While it can seem like kids in fancy internships with carefully curated resumes are better prepared for life, that may not be entirely true. One of my daughter’s friends told me about missing a flight for a very important presentation at her internship that Monday. She ended up spending money she had been saving up for the school year to buy a very expensive ticket to make it back in time, and getting 14 any sleep. When she arrived, it turned out no one was around to hear her very important presentation. In that internship, she felt anxious, a little 15 , and was fairly quiet. But in her restaurant job she was more relaxed. She found herself opening up to strangers, learning to banter (打趣), to talk to anyone, to put people at 16 . Working in a restaurant or store is a/an 17 class in human interaction. You learn how to respond to 18 , to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires, to unruly or unfair 19 , which are highly useful skills to master when you are young. You are exposed to a variety of colorful strangers. You figure out how to manage all kinds of situations. And, of course, learning to 20 people is something you need in every profession, in every walk of life. 【答案】 11．AD 12．D 13．CD 14．AC 15．B 16．A 17．BC 18．AB 19．ABC 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了青少年应做普通工作而非精英实习。 11．考查形容词。句意：善意的父母认为他们为孩子提供的比一份普通的、传统的暑期工作要好。根据后文“traditional summer job”可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词“summer job”，结合前文“Well-meaning parents believe that they’re offering their kids something better”可知，此处指普通的、传统的暑期工作，regular“普通的，常规的”为形容词，符合句意。故填AD。 12．考查名词。句意：我的头发和衣服闻起来有油味，我必须学习“肯尼迪汉堡”和可能其他47种汉堡的确切配料，但这是一份很棒的工作。根据前文“learn the precise”和后文“of the “Kennedy Burger” and maybe 47 other burgers”可知，需要学习“肯尼迪汉堡”和可能其他47种汉堡的确切配料。空格处应填名词作learn的宾语，composition“配料，构成”为名词，符合句意。故填D。 13．考查名词。句意：做与我们的未来、职业目标或创造性追求完全无关的工作，有一种放松或解放的感觉。根据前文“our futures or career goals or creative”可知，空格处应填名词，结合句意，此处指创造性追求，pursuits“追求”为名词，符合句意。故填CD。 14．考查副词。句意：她最终花了为学年攒下的钱买了一张非常昂贵的机票，以便及时赶回去，却几乎没有得到任何睡眠。根据前文“She ended up spending money she had been saving up for the school year to buy a very expensive ticket to make it back in time”可知，此处指几乎没有得到任何睡眠，空格处应填副词修饰动词getting，barely“几乎不”为副词，符合句意。故填AC。 15．考查形容词。句意：在那次实习中，她感到焦虑，有点不自在，而且相当安静。根据前文“she felt anxious”可知，此处指有点不自在，空格处应填形容词作表语，self-conscious“不自在的，难为情的”为形容词，符合句意。故填B。 16．考查名词。句意：她发现自己愿意向陌生人敞开心扉，学会了打趣，和任何人交谈，让人们感到轻松。根据前文“put people at”可知，此处指让人们感到轻松，空格处应填名词作宾语，ease“轻松，舒适”为名词，符合句意。故填A。 17．考查形容词。句意：在餐馆或商店工作是一门人际交往的大师级课程。根据后文“class in human interaction”可知，此处在餐馆或商店工作是人际交往的大师级必修课。空格处应填名词作定语修饰class，master“大师”，符合语境。故填BC。 18．考查名词。句意：你学会如何应对非理性、吹毛求疵、苛刻或反复无常的欲望、无序或不公平的批评，这些都是年轻时需要掌握的非常有用的技能。根据前文“respond to”和后文“to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires”可知，此处irrationality“非理性”为名词，和后文的“to pettiness (吹毛求疵), to demanding or fickle desires”并列，表示学会如何应对非理性、吹毛求疵、苛刻等，符合句意。故填AB。 19．考查名词。句意：你学会如何应对非理性、吹毛求疵、苛刻或反复无常的欲望、无序或不公平的批评，这些都是年轻时需要掌握的非常有用的技能。根据前文“unruly or unfair”可知，此处指不公平的批评，空格处应填名词，criticisms“批评”为名词，符合句意。故填ABC。 20．考查动词。句意：当然，学会与人打交道是你在每个职业、每个生活领域都需要的东西。根据前文“learning to”可知，此处指学会与人打交道，空格处应填动词原形构成不定式作宾语，navigate“与……打交道”为动词，符合句意。故填C。 主题03 人与自然—— Passage 1 （24-25高一下·上海市宝山区·期末） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．based   B．remind   C． symptoms   D．individually   E. established   F. considered   G. edges    H. available  I. release       J. accurately      K. relief   TCM teas are hotter in health market Herbal tea inspired by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is being prepared at a TCM hospital in Dingxi, Gansu province, in December. Several Chinese hospitals have found their   21 in the country’s growing health drinks market by prescribing herbal formulas (开处方) that target minor 22 , from calming nerves and aiding sleep to promoting healthy hair. Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine recently launched five herbal medicine formulas for drinking. On the first day of the market   23 , 10,000 doses (剂量) were sold. Wan Xixi, deputy director of the hospital’s medical administration department, says these formulas are finished   24 on prescriptions from famous TCM practitioners (从业人员). Each dose of herbs is 25 packaged and can be boiled for easy consumption at home. “The bags of dried herbs are not   26 for purchase on the market. To obtain them, individuals must obtain a prescription as they are tailored to individual differences,” Wan explains. In recent years, an increasing number of health-conscious people have developed a strong interest in such herbal tea drinks. Many Chinese hospitals, especially TCM hospitals, are keen to promote their special herbal tea formulas, some of which change seasonally. For example, in summer, they focus on formulas of smoked tea for   27 from summer heat. In winter, herbal tea formulas for throat clearing are more popular. In addition to hospitals, many pharmacies (药房), including the   28 brand Beijing Tong Ren Tang, have seen a boost in herbal tea sales. Pharmacies   29 buyers that while some herbs are available in drink form and others, and can be consumed as food, herbal formulas are still   30 medicine and should be taken under proper medical supervision. 【答案】 21．G 22．C 23．I 24．A 25．D 26．H 27．K 28．E 29．B 30．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中药茶在健康市场走热的情况、制作及相关注意事项。 21．考查名词。句意：多家中国医院通过开针对轻微症状的草药配方，在不断增长的健康饮品市场中找到了自己的优势。本空作found的宾语，结合下文的“from calming nerves and aiding sleep to promoting healthy hair.”可知，此处用名词edges意为“优势”，表示医院在市场中占据的有利地位。故选G。 22．考查名词。句意：多家中国医院通过开针对轻微症状的草药配方，在不断增长的健康饮品市场中找到了自己的优势，这些配方针对从安神助眠到护发的轻微症状。本空作target的宾语，结合“calming nerves and aiding sleep”可知，此处用名词symptoms意为“症状”，与等健康需求对应。故选C。 23．考查名词。句意：在市场推出的第一天，就售出了1万剂。本空作of的宾语，根据句意以及下文的“10,000 doses（剂量）were sold.”可知，此处表示的市场销售情况，由此可知，此处表示“推出”为release，指配方饮品的首次上市。故选I。 24．考查动词短语。句意：医院医疗行政部副主任Wan Xixi说这些配方是根据著名中医从业者的处方制成的。本空作状语，结合下文的“on prescriptions from famous TCM practitioners (从业人员)”可知，此处为based on意为“基于”，表示配方的制作依据。故选A。 25．考查副词。句意：每剂草药都单独包装，可煮沸后在家轻松饮用。本空修饰packaged，用副词作状语，结合句意，此处表示 “单独地”为individually，强调包装的个性化。故选D。 26．考查形容词。句意：这些干草药包在市场上不可购买。本空作表语，结合句意，此处表示“可购买的”，与“must obtain a prescription”形成对比，所以此处为available 作表语。故选H。 27．考查名词。句意：例如，夏季他们专注于烟熏茶配方来缓解暑热。本空作for的宾语，结合句意和下文的“from summer heat.”可知，此处表示“缓解……”为relief，符合夏季抗暑的需求。故选K。 28．考查形容词。句意：除医院外，许多药房，包括知名品牌北京同仁堂，草药茶销量也有所增长。本空作定语修饰brand，根据常识和下文的“Beijing Tong Ren Tang”可知，此处指的是 “知名的，已建立的”为established，形容同仁堂的品牌地位。故选E。 29．考查动词。句意：药房提醒购买者，尽管有些草药有饮品形式，还有些可作为食物食用，但草药配方仍被视为药物，应在适当的医疗监督下服用。本空作谓语，结合句意以及下文的“that while some herbs are available in drink form and others”可知，此处是提醒购买者的内容，所以此处为remind意为“提醒”，后接that从句，符合药房对消费者的告知义务。故选B。 30．考查动词。句意：药房提醒购买者，虽然有些草药可制成饮品或作为食物食用，但草药配方仍被视为药物，应在适当的医疗监督下服用。本空作谓语，根据句意以及下文的“should be taken under medical supervision”可知，此处为considered意为“被视为”。故选F。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·上海市建平中学·期末） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need. A．aimed  B．characterized  C． connection  D．decline  E. emerging  F. objective  G. previously  H. randomly  I. revealed  J. promising  K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive 31 . “The 32 field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions 33 at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a 34 path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis 35 two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has 36 been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is 37 by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more 38 analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the 39 between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted 40 to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】 31．D 32．E 33．A 34．J 35．I 36．G 37．B 38．F 39．C 40．H 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 31．考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 32．考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 33．考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 34．考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 35．考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 36．考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 37．考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 38．考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____6____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 39．考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more  ____8____  analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 40．考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $