Unit3 Sea Exploration to do 不定式语法导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案聚焦动词不定式专题复习，课堂导入从非谓语动词三种形式回顾切入，搭建从基本形式（含时态语态变化）到句法功能（主语、宾语等六类）的学习支架，通过分类讲解、即时训练衔接前后知识脉络。 资料特色在于结合单元主题设计例句，高考链接与书面表达模块提升语言能力，口诀巧记和对比训练（如不定式与动名词作主语区别）培养思维品质，分层练习与答案解析助力自主学习，有效落实学习能力培养。

Unit3 Sea Exploration 动词不定式专题复习 Revision： 非谓语动词的三种形式： ， ， . 动词不定式(to+动词原形)是非谓语动词的一种形式，在句中 （能/不能）单独作谓语。 不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 一、不定式的基本形式 动词的不定式（to do）是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独做谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成不定式短语，有形式上的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词、或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语。 基本形式：to do 否定形式：not to do 不定式的时态和语态 时态变化 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式的一般式 与谓语动作 或在其 （前/后）发生 不定式的进行式 / 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作 不定式的完成式 在谓语动作 发生 完成进行式 表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行。 二、不定式的句法功能 （一）做主语 含义：不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 分类：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 1. to do 作主语位于句首，在谓语之前 2. 若不定式做主语较长，谓语太短时，常用it作形式主语而将不定式放到谓语后面 （1）It is + adj. + (for/of sb.)to do sth. for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.） of :adj. 多为描述主语的品质（kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.） Practice: <1>It is important __for____us to live a low-carbon life. <2>.It was generous __of____him to contribute so much . （2）It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. （3）It takes sb. some time/money/courage... to do sth. 3.wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数) 【即时训练】 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. (2019全国III) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. （二）做宾语 1.主语 + 谓语 + to do sth. 常接不定式作宾语的有：begin, want, offer, decide, long, happen, arrange, learn, afford, pretend等。 口诀巧记： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 失败犹豫莫假装， 设法尝试承担起。 （agree, offer, plan, ask, promise, help,prepare, decide, refuse, dare, choose, hope,fail, hesitate, pretend, manage, try, undertake,begin, want, long, happen, arrange, learn, afford） 【即时训练】 5. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 6. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 7. (2019浙江) One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 2.动词不定式作宾语且后面有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语（动词不定式）放在后面。 think/ consider/ find it + adj./n.+ to do 例如： I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. I find it fascinating to learn about the history of sea exploration. 3.动词不定式在介词but、except、besides后面时，如果这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to. She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to accept the fact. 口诀巧记：前有do后无to,前无do后有to. 4.有些动词之后接动词不定式和动词-ing形式意义差别较大。 stop to do sth 停止一件事去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事 【即时训练】 8. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 9. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 10. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 11. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 5.动词短语中含有介词to，宾语要用动名词（v-ing）。 look forward to...期待，盼望…… object to...反对…… be devoted to...致力于……v-ing be opposed to...反对…… adapt/adjust to...适应…… lead to...导致…… when it comes to... 【应用实践】 The event also encouraged her ____________ (found) the community. They offered_________(do) some voluntary work during the school holidays. The activity not only enabled us ________(learn) Chinese culture better but also promoted our friendship. Mrs. Green objected to___________(advertise) the product. When it comes to______________(play) badminton, her face is glowing with excitement. He made it a rule _________ (read) English every day. 【翻译】I regretted to tell you that you didn’t pass the driving test. （三）做宾补 1.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + to do 常见的有：动词allow, expect, advise, permit, tell, wish, forbid, persuade, invite, request, encourage, teach, inspire等。 例如： The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar. The teacher allowed the students to leave early. 2. “一感”：feel “二听”：hear, listen to “三使”：have, let, make “五看”：see, watch, notice, observe, look at “求帮助”：help 这些动词在主动语态中,其后的宾补的不定式不带to, 但是在被动语态中要补出省略的to. (let没有被动语态)。 I heard someone come up the stairs. ---Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 【即时训练】 12. With the world changing fast, we have something new __________(deal) with by ourselves every day. 13. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 14. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 15. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 16. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 17. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 18. They are required ________________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 19. (2020年浙江卷1月)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 3.用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。 省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。 【即时训练】 20. With a lot of difficult problems ___________(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 21. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year. 22. With a lot of homework ___________(do), I decided not to watch the performance with you. 4.be said类动词： be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。 不定式根据语境可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 【即时训练】 23. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 24. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. （四）做表语 1.动词不定式作表语时，说明主语的具体内容或目的等，主语和表语可以互换。 My job is to help the patients.--To help the patients is my job. 2.句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的动词不定式实际上是do的引申，即表示do所做的内容，这时动词不定式可省略to. The least I can do is (to) write to you. 【即时训练】 25. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________________(see) whether they will enjoy it. 26. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________________(not, make) it more difficult. 【应用实践】 1.【翻译】我的理想是成为一名律师。 2. 【翻译】这个问题有待解决。 3.【同义句转换】 The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. （五）做定语 1.不定式作定语要放在所修饰词的后面，不定式与它所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或者动宾关系； 不定式作定语可表示将来。 Please give me some water to drink. 2.如果不定式后面的动词为不及物动词，则其后应加上相应的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. I’ve got my wife and my son to look after. 3.如果不定式与其修饰的名词为逻辑上的动宾关系并与该句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，则不定式用主动形式表被动意义。 We have a lot of work to do today. Hurry up! The company has several projects to complete this year. 4.time、way、right、chance、reason、effort、ambition、movement等名词后常跟动词不定式做定语。 It is already time to start making your learning plan. 5.序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词。 Summer is the best season to go swimming. He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. 【即时训练】 27. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________ (hold)tomorrow is very important. 28. The airport ______________________________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 29. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one _____________(blame). 30. (2020浙江) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___________________ (change) lives. 【应用实践】 ① Is that the way (open) the can? ② On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters (write). ③ She was the only one (survive) the crash. She was so lucky. ④ His attempt (solve) the puzzle was unsuccessful, but he enjoyed the challenge. ⑤ The meeting (hold) tomorrow is very important. ⑥ Mr.Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). （六）做状语 1.做目的状语。 常用的结构： to do; in order to do; so as to (以便于) 注意：in order to可以放在句首也可以放在句中； so as to只能放在句中。 We turned the lights off in order not to/ so as not to waste electricity. 【即时训练】 31. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 32. _____________________________(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 33. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____________________(train) for a space flight. 34. (2020天津改编)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection __________________ (promote) economic growth. 2.做原因状语： 一般用在be+ adj.后。 常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词(如：excited、sorry、glad、pleased等)之后。说明产生这种情绪的原因。 We were very excited to hear the news. We’re quite glad to meet you here. I am sorry to hear that your grandma is ill. 3.做结果状语 ：①so/such......to do ②enough to do ③too......to do太......而不能 ④only to do结果却...(表示出乎意料...) We are not so stupid to buy his words. He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train The tea is too hot to drink. He hurried to the school, only to find nobody there. 【即时训练】 35. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 36. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 37. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 38. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 39. (2019全国I) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 三、链接高考 1.（2021·全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 2.（2020·全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter. 3.（2020·北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 4. （2023新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether __________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 5. （2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 6. （2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ ____________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 7. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 8.（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them. 9. (2022全国乙) _____________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media… 不定式的书面表达 1. (2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。 2. (2022全国乙)学生们急切的是提高自律性，父母和老师们也迫切需要提高指导性。 3. (2022全国乙) 目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。 4. (2022全国甲) 另外，我们可以分发传单号召更多的人保护海洋。 5. (2022全国甲) 设置“世界海洋日”目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起关键作用。 6. (2022全国甲)国家间应该携起手来制定切实可行保护海洋的方案。 7. (2022新高考I) 这是我第一次邀请你参加我们Talk and Talk节目。 8. (2022新高考I) 现在我们学英语有困难时，很多学生迫切知道如何解决。 9. (2021全国乙) 另一方面，网络学习本身也有一些不足，使我们很难不受影响。 10. (2021全国甲) 因为这个活动将在网站呈现，我真诚希望你能提一些建议。 动词不定式专题复习 完整答案 一、非谓语动词三种形式 to do（动词不定式）；doing（动名词/现在分词）；done（过去分词） 不能单独作谓语 --- 不定式基本形式 时态变化 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing / 不定式动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生 完成进行式 to have been doing / 动作在谓语动作前一直在进行 / 可能继续 2、 句法功能 3、 即时训练答案 （一）作主语 1. to reduce 2. to be updated 3. remains 4. to get （二）作宾语 5. to grasp 6. to care 7. to wear 8. getting 9. to close 10.locking 11. living 应用实践 to found；to do；to learn；advertising；playing；to read 翻译：我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾照考试。 （三）作宾补 12. to deal 13. to enter 14. listening 15. to carry 16. to be made 17. to stay 18. to process 19. to increase 20. to solve 21. to follow 22. to do 23. to have studied 24. have been missing （四）作表语 25. to be seen 26. not to make 应用实践 1. My dream is to become a lawyer. 2. The problem remains to be solved. 3. To check the victim’s breathing is the first step. （五）作定语 27. being held；held；to be held 28. to be completed 29. to blame 30. to change 31. ①to open ②to write ③to survive ④to solve ⑤to be held ⑥to blame （六）作状语 31. to save 32. To be accepted 33. to be trained 34. to promote 35. to be informed / to find / to be told 36. to carry 37. to stand 38. to breathe 39. to perform --- 三、链接高考 1. to have 2. to find 3. to break 4. to bite 5. to be lifted 6. to teach 7. to increase 8. to see 9. To strengthen --- 书面表达参考翻译 1. They are more likely to become addicted to online chatting or playing games because of lack of self-discipline. 2. Students are eager to improve self-discipline, and parents and teachers also urgently need to improve guidance. 3. At present, with the increasing popularity of smartphones and computers, more and more students are choosing to learn English in various ways outside the classroom. 4. In addition, we can hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean. 5. World Oceans Day is set up to raise awareness of ocean protection, which plays a key role in the global ecosystem. 6. Countries should work together to make practical plans to protect the ocean. 7. This is the first time that I have invited you to take part in our Talk and Talk program. 8. Now many students are eager to know how to solve problems when they have difficulty learning English. 9. On the other hand, online learning itself has some shortcomings, making it difficult for us not to be influenced. 10. Since the activity will be presented on the website, I sincerely hope you can offer some suggestions. $