Unit 8 A green world（词汇运用专练）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦“环境保护”话题，构建“基础词汇—词形变化—语境运用”三级训练体系，强化词汇在语篇中的综合应用，提升语言理解与表达能力，培养语境分析的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础篇|30题（单句填空）|含中文提示/首字母拼写、词形转换、固定搭配|从孤立词汇记忆到基础语法（时态/非谓语）初步应用，搭建词汇—语法关联| |培优篇|30题（语篇填空）|短文语境填词、词形变化、选词填空|从单句到语篇，整合环保主题词汇与语法规则，实现词汇在意义情境中的灵活运用|

Unit 8 A green world 词汇运用专练（南京专用） 话题：人与自然—环境保护 基础篇 一、根据句意、中文提示及首字母填写单词。 1. Farmers grow different kinds of crops in the rich ______（土壤）. 2.Too much pressure can ______（导致）many health problems. 3.We should ______（回收利用）waste paper and plastic to protect the environment. 4.Please ______（分开）the good apples from the bad ones. 5.His English ______（水平）has improved greatly this term. 6.All the head teachers in our school are s______ with every student in daily school management. 7.When you feel angry or upset, you should learn to c______ your own moods properly. 8.As polite teenagers, we must never b______ the public rules in any public places. 9.Students who often cheat in exams will surely be p______ by their teachers and parents. 10.Many big factories are not allowed to p______ the clean water and fresh air in the city. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.The sudden heavy rain ________ (cause) many serious natural disasters in mountainous areas last year. 2.We should collect and ________ (recycle) waste plastic to protect the environment in our daily life. 3.Everyone needs to learn how to ________ (control) their own feelings when they face difficulties. 4.Don't ________ (pour) dirty waste water into rivers or lakes around our living places. 5.The naughty kids ________ (break) some delicate glass bottles when they played indoors just now. 6.All teachers and students will ________ (vote) for the excellent student leader in our school next week. 7.We can easily ________ (separate) fresh fruits from rotten ones before storing them at home. 8.You will ________ (success) finish all your tasks if you keep working hard. 9.The powerful typhoon ________ (damage) lots of houses and farm crops in the countryside last month. 10.I am busy with plenty of homework every day, so I ________ (hard) have time for outdoor activities. 三、选词填空。 A.根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 unclean, eco-friendly, chemical, recycle, total 1.It is ________ to drink water from the river directly. 2.We should ________ paper and plastic to protect the environment. 3.Many ________ in the factory are bad for people's health. 4.The ________ number of the students in our class is 45. 5.More people like to use ________ bags instead of plastic ones now. B.根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 pollute, run out, punish, wisely, successfully 1.If people still waste water every day, the clean water on the earth will ________ in the future. 2.We should protect the environment and never ________ rivers and oceans with harmful rubbish. 3. If someone disobeys the school rules and hurts others, he will be ________ by the school. 4. As middle school students, we need to use our pocket money and time ________. 5. After lots of hard work and teamwork, all the members finished the difficult plan ________. 培优篇 01 （A）根据下列短文，写出与各小题所给汉语相对应的英语单词(每空一词)。 Our environment is facing serious problems now. Many people use too many 1._________（电子的）products and throw them away carelessly. Poor time 2.__________（管理）of waste batteries and e-waste has greatly 3.___________（损害）the natural environment around us. Some people care so little about green life that they can 4.__________（几乎不）realize the harm of e-waste. As students, we should learn to 5.___________（控制）our use of electronic products and recycle waste things properly. It’s our duty to go green. Small actions can make a big difference to the environment and build a better world for everyone. （B）用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。 It is necessary for us to live a green life nowadays. To protect our living environment, our school has made strict environmental rules. We are required 1.________ (separate) waste into different groups, such as recyclable waste and harmful waste. Every Saturday, some students volunteer 2.________ (collect) litter in the community nearby. Besides, our school holds yearly activities 3.________ (plant) young trees. Trees can clean the air and stop the environment from 4.________ (pollute). We mustn’t do anything bad or 5.________ (break) the environmental rules. Remember that small actions can bring great changes to our beautiful earth. （C）阅读下面短文，用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有一个单词或短语是多余的。） recycle second-hand damage punish make a big difference total It's important for us to protect the environment in daily life. First, we should 1.________ paper, plastic and glass instead of throwing them away. Many 2.________ books and clothes can also be given to others for reuse.Littering and wasting resources will 3.________ the environment badly. Our school will 4.________ anyone who breaks the environmental rules.Small good habits from everyone can 5.________ to protecting our earth. Let's take action together. 02 （A） 根据下列短文，写出与各小题所给汉语相对应的英语单词(每空一词)。 Now our earth is in great need of protection. We must value every kind of natural 1._______（资源）on the planet. More and more people depend on all kinds of 2.________（电子的）devices in modern life, but they often throw away the old ones casually. It’s a good choice to choose 3.________（二手的）goods if they are still in good condition. We should try our best to 4.__________（回收利用）useless things instead of wasting them. Meanwhile, we must save 5.________（能源）in our daily life, such as turning off lights and computers when not in use. Living a green life is not hard. Small good habits can reduce pollution and make our world cleaner and more beautiful. It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment. （B）用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。 Nowadays, human activities greatly influence the earth. Our natural environment can be easily 1.________ (affect) by bad habits. Many people carelessly keep 2.________ (pour) dirty water and rubbish into rivers and lakes. This will not only 3.________ (break) the balance of nature but also harm living things around us. To solve the problem, our government has made strict laws 4.________ (protect) the environment. Anyone who pollutes public places will be seriously 5.________ (fine). As middle school students, we should act actively. We can save water, avoid wasting resources and call on more people to live a green life. Only joint efforts can make our planet cleaner and more comfortable to live in. （C）阅读下面短文，用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有一个单词或短语是多余的。） in addition focus on single-use successful eco-friendly pollute Living a green life is a must for every student nowadays. We should 1.________ small details in daily life and try our best to protect the environment. It’s wise to say no to 2.________ plastic items, because they are hard to break down and will 3.________ rivers, land and the whole nature greatly.We are encouraged to choose more 4.________ products instead of plastic ones to cut down waste. In addition, schools and families should guide students to develop good living habits. If we keep working together and never give up, we will be 5_________in creating a cleaner, greener and more comfortable living space for all living things. 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 A green world 词汇运用专练（南京专用） 话题：人与自然—环境保护 基础篇 一、根据句意、中文提示及首字母填写单词。 1. Farmers grow different kinds of crops in the rich ______（土壤）. 【答案】soil 【解析】句意：农民们在肥沃的土壤里种植各种各样的庄稼。soil是不可数名词，专门表示大自然中的泥土、土壤，无复数形式，直接填写原形即可。 2.Too much pressure can ______（导致）many health problems. 【答案】cause 【解析】句意：太大的压力会引发许多健康问题。情态动词can后面必须紧跟动词原形，cause为实义动词，含义是导致、引起，符合句意，故填原形cause。 3.We should ______（回收利用）waste paper and plastic to protect the environment. 【答案】recycle 【解析】句意：我们应该回收废纸和塑料来保护环境。情态动词should后接动词原形，recycle侧重对废品进行回收再利用，贴合环保语境，因此填写原形。 4.Please ______（分开）the good apples from the bad ones. 【答案】separate 【解析】句意：请把好苹果和坏苹果分离开。本句是祈使句，祈使句开头用动词原形，separate有分开、分离之意，固定搭配separate...from...表示“把……和……分开”，故填原形。 5.His English ______（水平）has improved greatly this term. 【答案】level 【解析】句意：这学期他的英语水平进步很大。level作名词意为水平、层次，English level是英语常用固定短语，意为英语水平，此处用单数形式即可。 6.All the head teachers in our school are s______ with every student in daily school management.【答案】strict 【解析】句意：我们学校所有班主任在日常校园管理中对每位学生都要求严格。固定搭配be strict with sb. 意为 “对某人要求严格”，结合首字母 s，故填 strict。 7.When you feel angry or upset, you should learn to c______ your own moods properly. 【答案】control 【解析】句意：当你感到愤怒或低落时，你应该学会合理控制自己的情绪。不定式符号 to 后需使用动词原形，control 表示 “控制”，贴合句意与首字母 c。 8.As polite teenagers, we must never b______ the public rules in any public places. 【答案】break 【解析】句意：作为文明青少年，我们在任何公共场所都绝对不能违反公共秩序。情态动词 must 后接动词原形，break rules 为固定搭配，意为 “违反规则”，根据首字母 b 填 break。 9.Students who often cheat in exams will surely be p______ by their teachers and parents. 【答案】punished 【解析】句意：经常考试作弊的学生一定会受到老师和家长的惩罚。主语 students 与 punish 之间是被动关系，本句为一般将来时被动语态 will be + 过去分词，punish 的过去分词是 punished。 10.Many big factories are not allowed to p______ the clean water and fresh air in the city. 【答案】pollute 【解析】句意：许多大型工厂不被允许污染城市里洁净的水源和清新的空气。情态动词 are not allowed to 后接动词原形，pollute 意为 “污染”，符合环保语境。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.The sudden heavy rain ________ (cause) many serious natural disasters in mountainous areas last year. 【答案】caused 【解析】句意：去年突如其来的大雨在山区引发了许多严重的自然灾害。cause 是动词，意为 “造成，引起”。句中有时间状语 last year，时态用一般过去时，cause 的过去式为 caused。 2.We should collect and ________ (recycle) waste plastic to protect the environment in our daily life. 【答案】recycle 【解析】句意：日常生活中我们应该收集并回收废旧塑料来保护环境。recycle 为动词，意为 “回收利用”，and 连接并列动词，前面用原形 collect，此处也填动词原形 recycle。 3.Everyone needs to learn how to ________ (control) their own feelings when they face difficulties. 【答案】control 【解析】句意：每个人在面对困难时都要学会控制自己的情绪。control 是动词，意为 “控制”，固定结构 how to do sth. 后接动词原形，故填 control。 4.Don't ________ (pour) dirty waste water into rivers or lakes around our living places. 【答案】pour 【解析】句意：不要把污浊的废水倒进我们居所附近的江河湖泊里。pour 为动词，意为 “倾倒”，祈使句 Don't 后接动词原形，因此填 pour。 5.The naughty kids ________ (break) some delicate glass bottles when they played indoors just now. 【答案】broke 【解析】句意：这群调皮的孩子刚才在室内玩耍时打碎了一些精致的玻璃瓶。break 是动词，意为 “打破”，时间标志词 just now 表示过去，用一般过去时，break 不规则变化，过去式为 broke。 6.All teachers and students will ________ (vote) for the excellent student leader in our school next week. 【答案】vote 【解析】句意：下周全校师生将会为学校优秀学生干部进行投票。vote 为动词，意为 “投票”，助动词 will 后接动词原形，构成一般将来时，填 vote。 7.We can easily ________ (separate) fresh fruits from rotten ones before storing them at home. 【答案】separate 【解析】句意：在家储存水果前，我们可以轻松把新鲜水果和腐烂水果分离开。separate 是动词，意为 “分开，分离”，情态动词 can 后使用动词原形，故填 separate。 8.You will ________ (success) finish all your tasks if you keep working hard. 【答案】successfully 【解析】句意：如果你坚持努力，你将会顺利地完成所有任务。括号内 success 是名词，意为 “成功”。此处空格用来修饰实义动词 finish，修饰动词需要使用副词形式，success 的副词形式为 successfully，意为 “成功地、顺利地”，因此填 successfully。 9.The powerful typhoon ________ (damage) lots of houses and farm crops in the countryside last month. 【答案】damaged 【解析】句意：上个月强台风损毁了乡村里大量房屋和农作物。damage 为动词，意为 “损坏，毁坏”，last month 为过去时间，时态用一般过去时，过去式是 damaged。 10.I am busy with plenty of homework every day, so I ________ (hard) have time for outdoor activities. 【答案】hardly 【解析】句意：我每天忙于大量的作业，所以我几乎没有时间进行户外活动。括号内hard可作形容词意为“困难的；坚硬的”，也可作副词意为“努力地”。结合语境此处需要表达“几乎不”，要把hard变为副词hardly，hardly用来修饰实义动词have，本身无其他变形，故填hardly。 三、选词填空。 A.根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 unclean, eco-friendly, chemical, recycle, total 1.It is ________ to drink water from the river directly. 2.We should ________ paper and plastic to protect the environment. 3.Many ________ in the factory are bad for people's health. 4.The ________ number of the students in our class is 45. 5.More people like to use ________ bags instead of plastic ones now. 【答案】1.unclean 2.recycle 3.chemicals 4.total 5.eco-friendly 【解析】1.句意：直接饮用河里的水是不卫生、不干净的。句型为 It is + 形容词 + to do sth.，表示 “做某事是…… 的”，中间必须用形容词。方框中 unclean 是形容词，意为 “不干净的、不洁净的”。语义和语法都匹配，故填 unclean。 2.句意：我们应该回收纸张和塑料，以此保护环境。句中有情态动词 should，情态动词后面必须跟动词原形。recycle 是动词原形，意思是 “回收、再利用”。符合环保语境，语法结构也正确。 3.句意：工厂里的许多化学物质对人们的身体健康有害。 many 只能修饰可数名词复数，表示 “许多”。chemical 作名词时意为 “化学药品、化学制品”，单数形式；前面有 many，需要变复数 chemicals。 4.句意：我们班的学生总人数是 45 人。此处修饰名词 number，需要用形容词作定语。 total 是形容词，意为 “总的、总共的”；the total number 是固定搭配，意为 “总数、总人数” 5.句意：现在越来越多人喜欢用环保袋子，而不用塑料袋。空格后是名词 bags，前面需要用形容词来修饰。eco-friendly 是合成形容词，含义为 “环保的、生态友好的”。贴合保护环境的话题，用法正确。 B.根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 pollute, run out, punish, wisely, successfully 1.If people still waste water every day, the clean water on the earth will ________ in the future. 2.We should protect the environment and never ________ rivers and oceans with harmful rubbish. 3. If someone disobeys the school rules and hurts others, he will be ________ by the school. 4. As middle school students, we need to use our pocket money and time ________. 5. After lots of hard work and teamwork, all the members finished the difficult plan ________. 【答案】 1. run out 2. pollute 3. punished 4. wisely 5. successfully 【解析】 1. run out句意：如果人们每天仍然浪费水资源，地球上的干净水源在未来将会耗尽。will 是一般将来时助动词，后面要跟动词原形；run out 是固定短语，意为 “用完、耗尽”，符合水资源短缺的句意，所以填 run out。 2.pollute句意：我们应该保护环境，绝不用有害垃圾去污染河流和海洋。情态动词 never 后跟动词原形；pollute 是实义动词，意为 “污染”，pollute…with… 是固定搭配 “用…… 污染……”，语义和语法都合适。 3. punished句意：如果有人违反校规并且伤害他人，他将会受到学校的惩罚。本句是一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 动词过去分词；punish 意为 “惩罚”，它的过去分词是 punished，表示 “被惩罚”。 4. wisely句意：作为中学生，我们需要明智地使用我们的零花钱和课余时间。空格修饰动词 use，修饰动词要用副词；wisely 是副词，意为 “明智地、理智地”，用来修饰行为方式，所以填 wisely。 5. successfully句意：经过大量的努力和团队合作，所有成员成功完成了这项艰难的方案。空格修饰动词 finished，修饰动词需用副词；successfully 是副词，意为 “成功地”，在句中作状语，符合句意和语法要求。 培优篇 01 （A）根据下列短文，写出与各小题所给汉语相对应的英语单词(每空一词)。 Our environment is facing serious problems now. Many people use too many 1._________（电子的）products and throw them away carelessly. Poor time 2.__________（管理）of waste batteries and e-waste has greatly 3.___________（损害）the natural environment around us. Some people care so little about green life that they can 4.__________（几乎不）realize the harm of e-waste. As students, we should learn to 5.___________（控制）our use of electronic products and recycle waste things properly. It’s our duty to go green. Small actions can make a big difference to the environment and build a better world for everyone. 【答案】1.electronic 2. management 3. damaged 4. hardly 5. control 【导语】本文讲述如今电子产品使用泛滥，电子垃圾随意丢弃、缺乏妥善时间与废物管理，严重破坏自然环境；呼吁中学生节制使用电子产品、做好回收利用，践行绿色生活，用小行动守护环境。 1.句意：很多人使用过多电子产品，还随意丢弃。空格后修饰名词 products，需用形容词；electronic 为形容词，意为 “电子的”，作定语修饰名词，无词形变化，用原形。 2.句意：废旧电池和电子垃圾缺乏妥善的时间与处理管理，已经极大损害了我们周边的自然环境。固定搭配 time management 时间管理、事务管理；management 是不可数名词，无复数变化，直接填原形。 3.句意：不良的电子垃圾处理方式已经严重破坏了自然环境。本句为现在完成时，结构：have + 动词过去分词；damage 作动词表示 “损害、破坏”，过去分词为 damaged，须变形使用。 4.句意：有些人对绿色生活毫不在意，几乎意识不到电子垃圾的危害。hardly 是副词，表 “几乎不”，没有时态、单复数变形，直接使用原形。 5.句意：作为学生，我们应当学会控制自己对电子产品的使用，并合理回收废弃物。固定结构 learn to do sth. 学会做某事，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形；control 用原形即可。 （B）用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。 It is necessary for us to live a green life nowadays. To protect our living environment, our school has made strict environmental rules. We are required 1.________ (separate) waste into different groups, such as recyclable waste and harmful waste. Every Saturday, some students volunteer 2.________ (collect) litter in the community nearby. Besides, our school holds yearly activities 3.________ (plant) young trees. Trees can clean the air and stop the environment from 4.________ (pollute). We mustn’t do anything bad or 5.________ (break) the environmental rules. Remember that small actions can bring great changes to our beautiful earth. 【答案】1. to separate 2. to collect 3. to plant 4. being polluted 5. break 【导语】本文介绍学校制定环保新规，要求学生做好垃圾分类、参与社区捡垃圾、植树等环保活动。文章警示人们不要污染环境、切勿违反环保规定，强调微小的环保行动也能改变地球，倡导大家践行绿色生活、保护环境。 1.句意：我们被要求将垃圾分为不同类别，例如可回收垃圾和有害垃圾。本句考查固定搭配 be required to do sth.（被要求做某事），为被动语态固定用法，括号内动词separate需使用动词不定式形式，故填 to separate。 2.句意：每周六，一些学生主动去附近社区捡拾垃圾。考查固定结构 volunteer to do sth.（自愿做某事），volunteer后只能接动词不定式作宾语，因此collect变为to collect。 3.句意：此外，学校每年都会举办活动来栽种树苗。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，举办活动的目的是植树，plant需用不定式形式 to plant。 4.句意：树木可以净化空气，防止环境被污染。固定搭配 stop...from doing sth.（阻止……做某事），介词from后接动名词；环境是被污染，需用被动语态，故填 being polluted。本题为高频难点变形题，结合动名词+被动语态，贴合八下语法考点。 5.句意：我们不能做坏事，也不能违反环保规定。情态动词mustn’t（禁止）后接动词原形，or连接两个并列谓语，动词形式保持一致，因此填break。 （C）阅读下面短文，用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有一个单词或短语是多余的。） recycle second-hand damage punish make a big difference total It's important for us to protect the environment in daily life. First, we should 1.________ paper, plastic and glass instead of throwing them away. Many 2.________ books and clothes can also be given to others for reuse.Littering and wasting resources will 3.________ the environment badly. Our school will 4.________ anyone who breaks the environmental rules.Small good habits from everyone can 5.________ to protecting our earth. Let's take action together. 【答案】 1. recycle 2. second-hand 3. damage 4. punish 5. make a big difference 【导语】在日常生活中保护环境对我们来说至关重要。首先，我们应该回收纸张、塑料和玻璃，而不是把它们扔掉。许多二手书籍和衣物也可以送给他人再次利用。乱扔垃圾、浪费资源会严重破坏环境。我校将会惩罚任何违反环保规定的人。每个人小小的好习惯，都能为保护我们的地球带来巨大改变。让我们一起行动起来。 1.句意：首先，我们应该回收纸张、塑料和玻璃，而不是随手扔掉。填 recycle语法：情态动词 should 后面必须跟动词原形。recycle 意为 “回收、循环利用”，环保常识里纸张、塑料、玻璃都是可回收物品，和后文 “不要扔掉” 逻辑完全对应，只能选 recycle。 2. 句意：很多书籍和衣物也可以送给别人再次使用。 second-hand 是复合形容词，意思是 “二手的、旧的”，second-hand books 二手书，second-hand clothes 二手衣物，是固定常用搭配，符合 “送给他人重复使用” 的语境。 3.句意：乱扔垃圾、浪费资源会严重损坏环境。助动词 will 后接动词原形。damage 作动词表示 “损害、破坏、伤害”，damage the environment 是固定短语，意为 “破坏环境”，贴合句意。 4.句意：凡是违反环保校规的人，学校将会予以惩罚。词义辨析：punish 意为 “惩罚、处罚”，助动词 will 后接动词原形。结合语境违反规则就会被惩罚，语义通顺，只能选 punish。 5. 句意：每个人小小的好习惯，都能对保护我们的地球起到很大作用。固定搭配：make a big difference (to sth.) 是固定短语，意为 “对…… 产生重大影响、起到很大作用”，情态动词 can 后接动词 / 动词短语原形。契合文章主旨：人人参与环保，就会带来巨大改变。 02 （A） 根据下列短文，写出与各小题所给汉语相对应的英语单词(每空一词)。 Now our earth is in great need of protection. We must value every kind of natural 1._______（资源）on the planet. More and more people depend on all kinds of 2.________（电子的）devices in modern life, but they often throw away the old ones casually. It’s a good choice to choose 3.________（二手的）goods if they are still in good condition. We should try our best to 4.__________（回收利用）useless things instead of wasting them. Meanwhile, we must save 5.________（能源）in our daily life, such as turning off lights and computers when not in use. Living a green life is not hard. Small good habits can reduce pollution and make our world cleaner and more beautiful. It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment. 【答案】1.resources 2.electronic 3.second-hand 4.recycle 5.power 【导语】本文介绍了地球生态急需保护，呼吁人们珍惜自然资源、理性使用电子产品、优先选购二手物品、坚持废物回收利用，从随手关灯、节约用电等小事做起，养成绿色生活习惯，用微小行动减少污染，共同守护地球家园。 1.句意：我们必须珍惜地球上各种各样的自然资源。natural 是形容词，形容词后修饰名词； resource 表示 “资源”，泛指自然界各类资源时，固定用复数形式 resources；固定搭配：natural resources 自然资源。 2.句意：在现代生活中，越来越多的人依赖各种各样的电子设备。空格后是名词 devices（设备），需要用形容词作定语修饰名词；electronic 形容词，意为 “电子的”，无词性变形，直接修饰名词。 3.句意：如果物品状况依旧良好，选择二手物品是一个很好的选择。复合形容词，专门作定语修饰后面名词 goods；second-hand 本身就是固定合成词，无单复数、无变形。 4.句意：我们应该尽力回收无用的东西，而不是浪费它们。try one’s best to do sth. 尽力做某事，to 后面必须接动词原形；：recycle 实义动词，意为 “回收、再利用”，无需变形，直接用原形。 5.句意：同时我们必须在日常生活中节约能源，比如不用时关掉电灯和电脑。此处为不可数名词，表 “能源、电力、能量”；power 侧重生活中的电力、能源消耗，符合关灯、关电脑节约用电的语境；固定搭配：save power 节约能源。 （B）用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。 Nowadays, human activities greatly influence the earth. Our natural environment can be easily 1.________ (affect) by bad habits. Many people carelessly keep 2.________ (pour) dirty water and rubbish into rivers and lakes. This will not only 3.________ (break) the balance of nature but also harm living things around us. To solve the problem, our government has made strict laws 4.________ (protect) the environment. Anyone who pollutes public places will be seriously 5.________ (fine). As middle school students, we should act actively. We can save water, avoid wasting resources and call on more people to live a green life. Only joint efforts can make our planet cleaner and more comfortable to live in. 【答案】 1. affected 2. pouring 3. break 4. to protect 5. fined 【导语】 本文阐述人类日常不良行为会严重影响自然环境，随意向河湖倾倒污水、垃圾会破坏生态平衡；国家出台严苛法律法规保护环境，污染环境者将受到罚款处罚；同时呼吁中学生以身作则，节约用水、节约资源，倡导身边人践行绿色低碳生活，共同守护地球生态。 1. 句意：我们的自然环境很容易被坏习惯所影响。本句是情态动词的被动语态，结构为：can be + 动词过去分词。affect 是实义动词，意为 “影响”；它的过去式和过去分词都是 affected。by 引出动作的执行者，是被动语态的标志性提示词，必须用过去分词形式。 2.句意：许多人肆无忌惮地持续向河湖中倾倒污水和垃圾。keep doing sth “一直做某事、持续做某事”，后面只能接动名词。pour 以普通辅音结尾，直接加 ing，变为 pouring。pour 本义 “倾倒、倒出”，贴合文中排放污水、乱扔垃圾的环保语境。 3.句意：这不仅会打破自然平衡，还会伤害我们周围的生物。情态动词 will 后面，必须接动词原形，无人称、时态、单复数变化。break the balance of nature 固定搭配，意为 “破坏自然平衡”。not only…but also… 连接并列谓语，前后形式一致，都用原形。 4.句意：为了解决这个问题，政府制定了严格的法律来保护环境。此处用动词不定式 to do 作目的状语，表示 “制定法律” 的目的是 “保护环境”。make laws to do sth. 制定法律做某事，故用to protect。 5.句意：任何污染公共场所的人都会被严厉罚款。本句是一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词。fine 此处作动词，意为 “罚款”；不是形容词 “晴朗的、美好的”。fine 的过去分词规则变化，直接加 d，即 fined。 （C）阅读下面短文，用方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、语意和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有一个单词或短语是多余的。） in addition focus on single-use successful eco-friendly pollute Living a green life is a must for every student nowadays. We should 1.________ small details in daily life and try our best to protect the environment. It’s wise to say no to 2.________ plastic items, because they are hard to break down and will 3.________ rivers, land and the whole nature greatly.We are encouraged to choose more 4.________ products instead of plastic ones to cut down waste. In addition, schools and families should guide students to develop good living habits. If we keep working together and never give up, we will be 5_________in creating a cleaner, greener and more comfortable living space for all living things. 【答案】 1. focus on 2. single-use 3. pollute 4. eco-friendly 5. successful 【导语】本文倡导中学生践行绿色生活，日常要注重环保细节、拒绝使用一次性塑料制品；这类塑料难以降解，会严重污染河流、土地与自然环境。我们应多选用环保产品减少垃圾排放，此外学校和家庭也要引导学生养成环保习惯。只要人人坚持共同努力，我们一定能成功打造干净、绿色、宜居的生态家园。 1.句意：我们应该关注日常生活中的小细节，尽力保护环境。should 为情态动词，后接动词原形；focus on 固定短语，意为 “关注、聚焦于”，贴合从小事做起保护环境的语境。 2.句意：拒绝一次性塑料制品是很明智的做法。single-use 形容词，意为 “一次性的”，修饰后面名词 plastic items。 3.句意：它们很难降解，还会严重污染河流、土地和整个大自然。will 情态动词后接动词原形；pollute 意为 “污染”，契合塑料垃圾破坏环境的文意。 4.句意：我们被鼓励选择更多环保产品来减少垃圾。eco-friendly 形容词 “环保的、生态友好的”，与一次性塑料形成对比，符合绿色生活主题。 5.句意：我们一定能成功为所有生物打造更干净、绿色、舒适的生活空间。固定搭配 be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事，形容词 successful 作表语。 1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $