2026届最新高考英语模拟三轮冲刺之阅读理解15篇（说明文）（浙江专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读，覆盖科技、社会科学等多元主题，系统训练细节理解、推理判断等核心题型，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文阅读|15篇（含滴灌技术、AI影响等主题）|以细节理解、推理判断为主，兼顾词义猜测与主旨大意|主题与题型对应，通过科技、社会现象等真实语篇，构建"信息定位-逻辑分析-综合概括"的思维链条，培养跨文化理解与批判性思维|

2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷之（浙江专用） 阅读理解15篇（说明文） Passage 1 Global trends indicate that basic resources like food and water are becoming increasingly scarce. With the population projected to reach 10 billion 30 years from today, feeding everyone is a major challenge, as we will not have more water or arable (可耕作的) land in the future. Deforestation is not a sustainable solution due to its severe impacts on climate change. Israeli company Netafim addresses this by promoting drip irrigation, a technology it pioneered. This method delivers precise amounts of water and nutrients directly to plant roots, dramatically improving efficiency. Transitioning to drip irrigation saves enormous amounts of water. For example, Netafim’s system for rice fields can reduce water usage by up to 70%. It also minimizes the need for harmful chemicals and helps reduce soil degradation caused by farming. Furthermore, smart irrigation lowers the carbon footprint because crops can be grown close to retailers, cutting down on long-distance transportation. Greenhouse farming supported by such technology also contributes to this reduction. Netafim is additionally working to reduce plastic waste through recycling initiatives for used irrigation lines. A major obstacle remains affordability for the world’s 450 million smallholder farmers. In response, Netafim is developing cheaper systems and innovative business models. These include “irrigation as a service”, where farmers pay a monthly fee, and “community irrigation” projects that pool resources for small farmers, as successfully implemented in India. The company also assists governments, such as Rwanda’s, in developing new agricultural areas. Although 75% of Israel’s crops use drip irrigation, the global adoption rate is only about 5%, with most agriculture still relying on wasteful flood irrigation. Actually, the growing demand for such solutions is global. The technology was well-received at the Dubai Expo, highlighting the keen interest from water-scarce regions like the Arabian Gulf, which seek to reduce dependence on food imports and enhance its food security through innovation. 1．What does the author highlight about future resource availability? A．The impact of technology. B．The damage of deforestation. C．The threat of climate change. D．The shortage of water and farmland. 2．What is an added bonus of drip irrigation besides saving water? A．It ends soil loss. B．It cuts plastic waste. C．It reduces chemical use. D．It speeds up crop growth. 3．What does the underlined word “pool” most probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Donate. B．Combine. C．Save. D．Control. 4．Why does the author mention regions like the Arabian Gulf in the last paragraph? A．To show global demand for drip irrigation. B．To compare their agriculture with Israel’s. C．To prove the effectiveness of drip irrigation. D．To criticize their dependence on food imports. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了以色列公司Netafim推广滴灌技术以解决未来水资源和耕地短缺的问题，并介绍了该技术的优点、面临的挑战以及全球推广情况。 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“With the population projected to reach 10 billion 30 years from today, feeding everyone is a major challenge, as we will not have more water or arable (可耕作的) land in the future.(据预测，30年后人口将达到100亿，养活所有人将是一个重大挑战，因为未来我们将没有更多的水或可耕地。)”可知，作者强调了未来水和耕地的短缺。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It also minimizes the need for harmful chemicals and helps reduce soil degradation caused by farming.(它还最大限度地减少了有害化学物质的需求，并有助于减少农业造成的土壤退化。)”可知，除了节约用水之外，滴灌的额外好处是减少化学物质的使用。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“A major obstacle remains affordability for the world’s 450 million smallholder farmers. In response, Netafim is developing cheaper systems and innovative business models. These include “irrigation as a service”, where farmers pay a monthly fee, and “community irrigation” projects that pool resources for small farmers, as successfully implemented in India.(目前最大的阻碍，是全球4.5亿小农户负担不起这套设备。为此，耐特菲姆正在研发更廉价的系统，并创新商业模式。其中包括“灌溉即服务”模式 —— 农户按月付费使用设备；还有“社区集体灌溉”项目，为小农户pool资源，该模式已在印度成功落地。)”可知，小农户负担不起，所以此处指把零散资源整合、集中起来，即为小农户集中资源，故推测pool意为“集中，结合”。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Actually, the growing demand for such solutions is global. The technology was well-received at the Dubai Expo, highlighting the keen interest from water-scarce regions like the Arabian Gulf, which seek to reduce dependence on food imports and enhance its food security through innovation.(实际上，对这种解决方案的需求正在全球范围内增长。这项技术在迪拜世博会上广受欢迎，突显了阿拉伯海湾等缺水地区的浓厚兴趣，这些地区希望通过创新减少对粮食进口的依赖，并加强粮食安全。)”可知，作者提到阿拉伯海湾等地区是为了展示全球对滴灌的需求。 Passage 2 The first thing to understand about emotional balance is that to keep it, you have to be constantly moving. If you seek peace of mind, please know that it requires continual practice, but once you learn the basics, the practice becomes a valued part of your lifestyle. It’s a little tricky to stay in a good place when the world is throwing so many distractions at you. Visualization (可视化) and meditation (冥想) are two great tools to start with when you feel yourself getting off-balance. They can not only help you rebalance but also move your life forward. The best way to begin is to listen to some meditative music for 30 minutes. You don’t have to think about anything; just allow yourself to relax and see what comes to you. When I’m up and active, I listen to Ed Sheeran or the Eagles, and when I need to relax, it’s Mozart or music for Zen meditation. There is a lot of power in music, and it’s an easy tool to help you get to where you want to be. Another overlooked rebalancing technique is recording your thoughts in a journal. First, you can release your overwhelming thoughts by putting them on paper. Second, it actually creates more room in your mind for positive thoughts to enter. That alone is a wonderful tool to help you stay on the path. A third tool is to actively engage in doing something that either you love or that needs to be done. Yes, these are two different paths, but they lead to the same destination. The goal is to focus all of your energy on creating something new and perhaps changing your current state of mind.    It’s not about escaping from your troubles. The idea is to develop a healthy lifestyle and to develop techniques that you can use for yourself. We all go through emotional upsets; the trick is learning to keep them in perspective, get a handle on them and use what you have taught yourself to chase them away. 1．What is the first suggestion to keep your emotions balanced? A．Making exercise a part of your life. B．Visualizing and meditating. C．Overcoming distractions. D．Constantly practicing it. 2．Why were different kinds of music mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To emphasize the power of music. B．To recommend the author’s favorite bands. C．To explain why music has power. D．To show the author’s love for classical music. 3．What is the author’s opinion about the technique of writing journals? A．It can work alone. B．It is commonly used. C．It can keep your memory sharp. D．It involves two different paths. 4．What is the final goal of keeping emotional balance? A．To become more creative. B．To avoid falling into trouble. C．To form a healthy lifestyle. D．To put things in perspective. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】主要介绍保持情绪平衡需要长期坚持练习，介绍了冥想、音乐、写日记等调节方法以及保持情绪平衡的最终意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you seek peace of mind, please know that it requires continual practice, but once you learn the basics, the practice becomes a valued part of your lifestyle.(如果你追求内心平静，要知道这需要不断练习，一旦掌握基础，这种练习就会成为生活中有价值的一部分。)”可知，保持情绪平衡的首要建议是坚持不断练习。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There is a lot of power in music, and it’s an easy tool to help you get to where you want to be.(音乐拥有巨大的力量，它是帮你达到理想心境的简易方式。)”可知，作者列举不同类型音乐，是为了强调音乐具有调节情绪的强大力量。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“First, you can release your overwhelming thoughts by putting them on paper. Second, it actually creates more room in your mind for positive thoughts to enter.(首先，你可以把纷乱的思绪写在纸上进行释放；其次，这能为积极想法留出更多心理空间。)”可知，写日记有两大情绪调节作用，本身就能独立起到调节情绪的效果，无需依赖其他方式。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The idea is to develop a healthy lifestyle and to develop techniques that you can use for yourself.(这样做的初衷是养成健康的生活方式，并掌握可自我运用的情绪调节方法。)”可知，保持情绪平衡的最终目标是形成健康的生活方式。 Passage 3 Ten years ago, scientists identified a small group of individuals who feel no pleasure from music even though their hearing is normal and they enjoy other types of experiences. This condition, called “specific musical anhedonia (快感缺乏症),” occurs when the brain’s auditory (听觉的) regions fail to properly communicate with the areas involved in reward. In a paper recently published in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences, the researchers who first described the condition outline the brain processes involved and explain how this work may help uncover broader differences in how people experience pleasure and joy. To identify this condition, the team developed the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), which assesses responses to five musical reward sources: emotional impact, mood regulation, social interaction, movement/dance, and enjoyment of seeking new music. Those with musical anhedonia score low across all five areas. Behavioral research and brain imaging confirm that their auditory circuits work normally — they can hear and interpret music — but the reward circuit shows reduced activity when exposed to music. This clear difference makes the special disease easy to tell from common hearing problems. Notably, this circuit responds normally to other rewards like winning money, proving the reward system itself functions well. The core issue lies in the disruption between the reward circuit and the auditory network, not the reward circuit’s performance. Studies suggest genetics (基因) and environment may contribute to the condition. Researchers also propose that similar specific anhedonias might exist for other rewards, such as food, due to interrupted connectivity between relevant processing regions and the reward circuit. It means people may lack feelings for certain pleasures rather than all pleasant things. The team is currently working together with geneticists to identify specific genes that might be involved in specific musical anhedonia. They also plan to investigate whether the condition is a stable trait or something that changes throughout life — and whether musical anhedonia or other similar conditions can be reversed. 1．How can we describe specific musical anhedonia? A．Loss of all pleasure experiences. B．Truly damaged auditory brain regions. C．Normal hearing but no music joy. D．Reduced response to music rewards. 2．What does the BMRQ mainly do? A．Record people’s daily music habits. B．Treat unusual brain hearing illnesses. C．Test different styles of beautiful music. D．Check people’s music pleasure reactions. 3．Which word has the closest meaning to “disruption” in paragraph 3? A．Disconnection. B．Distribution. C．Discussion. D．Disqualification. 4．What will researchers study next? A．Popularity of special musical abilities. B．Links between genes and brain problems. C．Time limits of different brain disorders. D．Ways to spread musical knowledge widely. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了特定音乐快感缺乏症这一病症，包括其定义、诊断方式、大脑相关机制、成因推测，以及研究人员后续的研究计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ten years ago, scientists identified a small group of individuals who feel no pleasure from music even though their hearing is normal and they enjoy other types of experiences. This condition, called “specific musical anhedonia (快感缺乏症),” occurs when the brain’s auditory (听觉的) regions fail to properly communicate with the areas involved in reward.(十年前，科学家发现了一小群人，他们尽管听力正常且享受其他类型的体验，但却无法从音乐中获得愉悦感。这种病症被称为“特定音乐快感缺乏症”，其成因在于大脑听觉区域未能与负责奖赏的区域进行恰当的沟通。)”可知，特定音乐快感缺乏症是指听力正常但无法从音乐中获得快乐。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“To identify this condition, the team developed the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), which assesses responses to five musical reward sources: emotional impact, mood regulation, social interaction, movement/dance, and enjoyment of seeking new music.(为了确定这种病症，研究团队开发了巴塞罗那音乐奖赏问卷（BMRQ），该问卷从五个音乐奖赏来源评估受试者的反应：情感影响、情绪调节、社交互动、运动/舞蹈以及探索新音乐的乐趣。)”可知，BMRQ主要检测人们对音乐愉悦感的反应。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Researchers also propose that similar specific anhedonias might exist for other rewards, such as food, due to interrupted connectivity between relevant processing regions and the reward circuit.(研究人员还提出，由于相关处理区域与奖赏回路之间的连接中断，针对其他奖赏（如食物）也可能存在类似的特定快感缺乏症。)”可知，由于相关处理区域和奖赏回路之间的连接中断导致特定快感缺乏症，“disruption(中断)”与“interrupted connectivity(中断的连接性)”意思相近，“disconnection(断开)”符合语境。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The team is currently working together with geneticists to identify specific genes that might be involved in specific musical anhedonia. They also plan to investigate whether the condition is a stable trait or something that changes throughout life — and whether musical anhedonia or other similar conditions can be reversed.(研究团队目前正与遗传学家合作，以确定可能参与特定音乐快感缺乏症的特定基因。他们还计划调查这种病症是一种稳定的特质，还是会在人生中发生变化——以及特定音乐快感缺乏症或其他类似病症是否可以逆转。)”可知，研究团队接下来会研究基因与大脑问题之间的关联。 Passage 4 Imagine wandering through a dark forest for hours, then traveling all the way home — in a straight line. Bull ants do this every night, and scientists have long wondered how. It turns out they use a previously unknown type of Moon compass (指南针) — never seen before in the animal kingdom. To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court— to test which direction they traveled home. After comparing their separate paths, the team concluded the behavior of ants that could see moonlight was consistent with what’s called a time-compensated (时间补偿的 ) lunar compass. Essentially, the insects observe how quickly the Moon moves to estimate the relative position of their home and update that prediction with time. The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it. The discovery makes bull ants the first known animals to navigate (导航) using this type of compass. Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon. Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.” 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The process. B．The purposes. C．The background. D．The findings. 2．What helps bull ants navigate correctly according to the text? A．Their familiarity with the path to home. B．Their tolerance for the Moon’s movement. C．Their independence from time compensation. D．Their adjustment to the Moon’s speed change. 3．What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph? A．Navigating with the Moon is reliable for the bull ants. B．Bull ants’ eyes are characterized by circular patterns. C．Light pollution affects bull ants’ sense of direction. D．Bull ants can see the Moon below the horizon. 4．What does Freas think of bull ants using Moon compass? A．It’s controversial. B．It’s challenging. C．It’s mysterious. D．It’s amazing. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了科学家发现公牛蚁利用月亮指南针导航的原理及优势。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court — to test which direction they traveled home.(为了弄清楚这一点，行为生态学家科迪·弗雷斯和他的同事们在公牛蚁离开巢穴的那一刻就抓住了它们。他们通过将公牛蚁分别放在一个透明的瓶子里或一个黑盒子里，来允许或阻止它们观察月亮。然后，他们把它们带到一个200米外的不熟悉的环境——一个废弃的篮球场——来测试它们回家的方向。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it.(月亮运动的动态速度使这一策略复杂化。它上升缓慢，在天空最高点时加速，然后在下落时减速。如果蚂蚁不考虑这一点，它们可能会被严重误导，但研究人员发现，这些昆虫有一种天生的感觉，即月亮的速度会发生变化，它们会对此进行补偿。)”可知，公牛蚁会根据月亮速度的变化进行调整，从而帮助它们正确导航。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon.(利用月亮导航有几个优点。与其他昆虫用来导航的星星不同，月亮不会被光污染所阻挡，而且它的亮度足以穿透云层。公牛蚁还有特殊的眼睛，可以看到极化的月光在天空中扩散的圆形图案，所以即使月亮在地平线以下，它们也能感知到月亮的位置。)”可知，利用月亮导航对公牛蚁来说是可靠的。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.”(弗雷斯说，这项研究让他对月亮作为导航辅助工具有了新的认识。他说：“你在月亮下待的时间越长，它就越像是一个比你最初想象的更好的帮手。”)”可知，弗雷斯认为公牛蚁使用月亮指南针是令人惊叹的。 Passage 5 Roadkill isn’t the most pleasant of subjects. As much as people try to avoid it and not contribute to it, the untimely animal deaths are an unfortunate, unavoidable byproduct of a society reliant on cars. In Brazil alone, it’s estimated that two to eight million birds and mammals are killed on roadways every year. In Europe, the potential tally may climb as high as 194 million. While viral headlines occasionally highlight different kinds of roadkill, the dead creatures actually have many other benefits. A team of biologists investigated what happens when scientists frequently use these dead creatures in their own work. According to their findings, roadkill is being used for a wide range of research — but the possibilities are even greater and more sustainable than most people realize. “Because the animals are already dead, researchers can often avoid live capture and handling, aligning (一致) perfectly with global animal-ethics principles that encourage replacing invasive methods wherever possible,” biologist Christa Beckmann explained. Along with colleagues from Western Sydney University, Deakin University, and Trent University, Beckmann evaluated 312 peer-reviewed studies from 67 countries around the world that focused on goals “other than counting or reducing roadkill”. They recorded at least 650 species — mostly mammals, followed by reptiles, birds, amphibians, and invertebrates. In total, the team identified around 117 different scientific uses for roadkill in various scientific projects. “We found examples of successfully using roadkill to map species distributions, monitor disease and environmental pollution, study diets, track invasive species, and supply museum collections, Beckmann said. In some instances, she added that roadkill also helped identify local populations previously believed extinct and even included species “previously unknown to science”. Beckmann knows the roadkill isn’t appropriate for all research projects and comes with its own biosafety considerations, but still believes there are far more uses waiting to be explored. “While roadkill will always be tragic, using these losses wisely could help drive scientific discovery and conservation forward, rather than letting valuable information decompose by the roadside,” she said. 1．What does the first paragraph primarily emphasize? A．The need for safer transportation. B．The severity of the roadkill issue. C．The impact of roadkill animals. D．The causes of different car accidents. 2．Why does Beckmann advocate using roadkill in research? A．It helps avoid harming live animals. B．It minimizes the research expenses. C．It provides fresh biological samples. D．It yields more accurate research results. 3．What do the numbers in paragraph 4 imply? A．The complexity of research methods. B．The development of international cooperation. C．The declining health of global ecosystem. D．The roadkill’s global scientific significance. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Roadkill — A Possible Alternative in Scientific Research. B．Cars — The Main Threat to Animals. C．The Moral Concerns Are Rising from Roadkill. D．Effective Methods of Preventing Roadkill Are in Need. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文介绍公路车祸致死动物并非毫无价值，可作为科研材料，有广泛且待开发的科学用途。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Roadkill isn’t the most pleasant of subjects. As much as people try to avoid it and not contribute to it, the untimely animal deaths are an unfortunate, unavoidable byproduct of a society reliant on cars. In Brazil alone, it’s estimated that two to eight million birds and mammals are killed on roadways every year. In Europe, the potential tally may climb as high as 194 million.( 车祸致死动物并不是一个让人愉快的话题。尽管人们尽量避让、也不愿造成这类悲剧，但动物非正常死亡，是依赖汽车出行的社会所产生的令人遗憾且无法避免的附带后果。仅在巴西，据估计每年就有200万至800万只鸟类和哺乳动物死于公路。在欧洲，这一潜在死亡数量甚至高达1.94亿。)”可知，开篇点明车祸动物致死是难以避免的社会产物，再用巴西、欧洲的庞大死亡数据，凸显问题的严重程度。由此可知，第一段强调公路动物致死问题的严重性。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““Because the animals are already dead, researchers can often avoid live capture and handling, aligning (一致) perfectly with global animal-ethics principles that encourage replacing invasive methods wherever possible,” biologist Christa Beckmann explained.( 生物学家克里斯塔・贝克曼解释道：“因为这些动物本就已经死亡，研究人员往往可以避开活体捕捉与处置，这完全契合全球动物伦理准则——准则倡导尽可能取代侵入性的活体研究方式。”)”可知，Beckman提倡科研使用公路致死动物是因为这有助于避免伤害活体动物。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Along with colleagues from Western Sydney University, Deakin University, and Trent University, Beckmann evaluated 312 peer-reviewed studies from 67 countries around the world that focused on goals “other than counting or reducing roadkill”. They recorded at least 650 species — mostly mammals, followed by reptiles, birds, amphibians, and invertebrates. In total, the team identified around 117 different scientific uses for roadkill in various scientific projects.(贝克曼与来自西悉尼大学、迪肯大学、特伦特大学的同事一起，评估了全球67个国家的312项同行评审研究，这些研究的目标并非统计或减少公路动物死亡数量。他们记录到至少650个物种，以哺乳动物居多，其次是爬行动物、鸟类、两栖动物和无脊椎动物。研究团队总计发现，公路致死动物在各类科研项目中有约117种不同的科学用途。)”可知，来自全球67国的312项研究、650个物种、117种科研用途这些数据，体现公路致死动物在全球范围都有很高的科研价值。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“While viral headlines occasionally highlight different kinds of roadkill, the dead creatures actually have many other benefits. A team of biologists investigated what happens when scientists frequently use these dead creatures in their own work. According to their findings, roadkill is being used for a wide range of research — but the possibilities are even greater and more sustainable than most people realize.(虽然网络热搜新闻偶尔会报道各类公路动物遇难事件，但这些死去的动物其实还有诸多其他价值。 一组生物学家开展了研究，探究科研人员频繁将这类动物遗体用于科研工作会带来怎样的作用。 研究结果表明，公路动物遗体现已应用于各类广泛的科研领域，而它的潜在价值远比大多数人所想的更大，也更具可持续性。)”本文介绍公路车祸致死动物并非毫无价值，可作为科研材料，有广泛且待开发的科学用途。A选项“公路致死动物——科研领域的一种可行替代选择”贴合全文核心主旨。 Passage 6 Few phrases feel more comforting than “I agree”. It signals that our thinking is accepted by someone else. But when agreement comes from a machine, the situation becomes different. A recent study on “sycophantic AI” highlights this issue. Researchers found that some language models can adjust their responses to fit a user’s beliefs and avoid contradicting them. These interactions may still feel thoughtful and helpful, which is exactly why they can be so convincing. Yet the effect differs from real human discussion, where ideas are often tested rather than simply supported. Good conversation usually contains some division. Ideas meet opposing views that push us to think more clearly. Sycophantic AI changes this process. Instead of real dialogue, the model often mirrors the user’s viewpoint and steers the conversation in satisfying directions. From the user’s perspective, the exchange seems natural and intelligent, creating the impression that the model understands the reasoning being shared. Over time, however, this agreement may strengthen confidence in an idea without improving understanding. To examine this effect, researchers used a rule-discovery puzzle. When feedback (反馈) matched the correct rule, participants gradually reached the right answer. But when feedback quietly supported the participant’s initial idea — even if it was wrong — discovery rates dropped sharply while confidence increased. Nothing false was added. Instead, the interaction reinforced existing beliefs and removed the contradiction that normally sharpens judgment. This pattern can also appear in real life. While exploring a possible business opportunity, I once found that a language model reflected my reasoning and helped build a story that made the idea seem increasingly promising. Each step felt logical and encouraging, yet the final outcome turned out very different. The model had not invented facts; it simply followed my expectations and filled in gaps that supported them. Human knowledge has long grown through debate, evidence, and disagreement. The risk of sycophantic AI isn’t simply that it agrees with us. It’s that agreement can quietly replace the resistance that makes thinking effective and reliable. Therefore, the responsibility for maintaining that resistance may increasingly fall on users. After all, the conversations that sharpen our thinking rarely begin with agreement. 1．What can we know about sycophantic AI from paragraph 2? A．It makes conversations less persuasive. B．It helps users debate and improve their ideas. C．It supports users’ views to avoid disagreements. D．It encourages users to reexamine their own ideas. 2．Why did participants become less successful in finding the correct rule? A．The feedback strengthened their beliefs instead of challenging them. B．The puzzle grew increasingly complex as the research continued. C．The researchers gave participants some false information. D．The participants lacked confidence in their own reasoning. 3．What can we infer from the author’s personal experience in paragraph 5? A．AI can help people achieve business success easily. B．AI may give a false sense of reliability to one’s ideas. C．AI’s advice is obviously different from human advice. D．Language models are helpful in finding business opportunities. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for AI users? A．Prioritize the quality of tasks. B．Enhance the ability to take risks. C．Engage in regular self-reflection practices. D．Learn to question and improve critical thinking. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文探讨了“谄媚型AI”对人类思维的潜在危害。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的句子“A recent study on “sycophantic AI” highlights this issue. Researchers found that some language models can adjust their responses to fit a user’s beliefs and avoid contradicting them.(最近一项关于“谄媚型人工智能”的研究突出了这一问题。研究人员发现，一些语言模型可以调整它们的回应以适应用户的信念，避免与用户产生矛盾。)”可知，谄媚型AI会支持用户的观点以避免分歧。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的句子“But when feedback quietly supported the participant’s initial idea — even if it was wrong — discovery rates dropped sharply while confidence increased. Nothing false was added. Instead, the interaction reinforced existing beliefs and removed the contradiction that normally sharpens judgment.(但是，当反馈悄悄地支持参与者的最初想法时——即使它是错误的——发现率急剧下降，而信心却增加了。没有添加任何虚假内容。相反，这种互动强化了现有的信念，并消除了通常会增强判断力的矛盾。)”可知，参与者成功找到正确规则的概率降低是因为反馈强化了他们的信念，而不是挑战他们的信念。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的句子“Each step felt logical and encouraging, yet the final outcome turned out very different. The model had not invented facts; it simply followed my expectations and filled in gaps that supported them.(每一步都感觉合乎逻辑且令人鼓舞，但最终结果却大相径庭。这个模型没有编造事实；它只是遵循我的期望，填补了支持这些期望的空白。)”可知，作者的个人经历表明AI可能会给人一种想法可靠的错误感觉。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的句子“The risk of sycophantic AI isn’t simply that it agrees with us. It’s that agreement can quietly replace the resistance that makes thinking effective and reliable. Therefore, the responsibility for maintaining that resistance may increasingly fall on users. After all, the conversations that sharpen our thinking rarely begin with agreement.(人工智能谄媚的风险不仅仅在于它同意我们的观点。正是这种一致可以悄然取代阻力，使思考变得有效和可靠。因此，维持这种抵制的责任可能越来越多地落在用户身上。毕竟，能够提高我们思维的对话很少是在达成一致的情况下开始的。)”可知，作者建议AI用户学会质疑，提高批判性思维能力。 Passage 7 Beneath the ocean’s surface lies a secret world of light. While bioluminescence — the ability of living things to produce their own light — has long interested scientists, a lesser-known phenomenon called bio-fluorescence (生物荧光) is now stealing the spotlight. Bio-fluorescence occurs when sea animals absorb light at one wavelength and send it out at another, creating vivid lights in colors like green, red, or orange. Unlike bioluminescence, which produces light through chemical reactions, bio-fluorescence depends on absorbing light from outside to glow. This natural light show is not just for beauty; it serves critical survival functions. In the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) of the Pacific, researchers observed corals sending out green under blue light. “It’s a dance of partnership guided by light,” explains marine biologist Dr. Kenji Nakamura. Without this interaction, coral bleaching (白化) — a major threat to coral ecosystems — would speed up. Another wonder comes from the Hawaiian bobtail squid (短尾乌贼). When threatened by hunters, it releases a cloud of bio-fluorescent ink. The sudden burst of light confuses attackers, buying the squid precious seconds to escape. Dr. Emily Carter who led the study notes, “This is evolution’s version of a smoke screen — but far more shining.” The discovery of GFP — green fluorescent protein (绿色荧光蛋白) — in jellyfish in 1962 revolutionized science. Researchers realized GFP could be used to mark specific cells, making invisible processes visible. Today, it lights up nerve cells in brain studies, helping map out connections in diseases like Alzheimer’s. “GFP is a window into the brain’s hidden workings,” says brain scientist Dr. Maria Gonzalez. Scientists are now copying bio-fluorescence to develop sustainable technologies. For example, fluorescent proteins inspire energy-efficient LED lighting, and bio-fluorescent markers could improve medical imaging. “Nature’s designs are blueprints for human innovation,” says materials scientist Dr. Raj Patel. Yet mysteries remain. Over 200 species of bio-fluorescent fish were recently discovered, their purposes still unclear. As submarines dive deeper, each expedition reveals new players in this beautiful underwater light show, proving that the ocean’s depths still guard ancient secrets. 1．How is bio-fluorescence different from bioluminescence? A．It is drawing less attention. B．It produces brighter lights. C．It needs an outside light source. D．It makes better use of chemical reactions. 2．What can we learn about the examples in paragraphs 3 and 4? A．They both describe light-based hunting methods. B．They both explain the formation of a close partnership. C．They both highlight potential threats to the environment. D．They both show survival functions of bio-fluorescence. 3．What is the main use of GFP in science? A．To protect corals from bleaching. B．To create more efficient LED lights. C．To treat the disease of Alzheimer’s. D．To visualize cells for better observation. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Hidden Light Show B．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Display of Beauty C．Bioluminescence: Ocean’s Ancient Magic Power D．Bioluminescence: Colourful Window into Ocean Secret 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了海洋中的生物荧光现象及绿色荧光蛋白在科学领域的应用以及基于生物荧光的可持续技术发展，最后指出海洋中仍有许多关于生物荧光的未解之谜。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike bioluminescence, which produces light through chemical reactions, bio-fluorescence depends on absorbing light from outside to glow.(与通过化学反应产生光的生物发光不同，生物荧光依赖于吸收外界的光来发光。)”可知，生物荧光需要外部光源才能发光，这是它与生物发光的核心区别。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Without this interaction, coral bleaching (白化) — a major threat to coral ecosystems — would speed up.(如果没有这种相互作用，珊瑚白化 —— 珊瑚生态系统面临的一个重大威胁 —— 将会加速。)”可知，第三段以珊瑚礁为例，说明了珊瑚的生物荧光能减缓白化速度；根据第四段“When threatened by hunters, it releases a cloud of bio-fluorescent ink. The sudden burst of light confuses attackers, buying the squid precious seconds to escape.(当受到猎人的威胁时，它会释放出一团生物荧光墨汁。突然迸发的亮光会迷惑攻击者，为乌贼争取宝贵的几秒钟时间来逃跑。)”可知，第四段以短尾乌贼为例，介绍了它的生物荧光墨水能迷惑捕食者。结合第二段“This natural light show is not just for beauty; it serves critical survival functions.(这种自然的灯光秀不仅仅是为了美观；它还具有重要的生存功能。)”可知，这两个例子均是为了说明生物荧光的生存功能。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Researchers realized GFP could be used to mark specific cells, making invisible processes visible. Today, it lights up nerve cells in brain studies, helping map out connections in diseases like Alzheimer’s.(研究人员意识到绿色荧光蛋白可以用来标记特定细胞，使看不见的过程变得可见。如今，它在大脑研究中照亮神经细胞，帮助绘制阿尔茨海默病等疾病中的神经连接。)”可知，GFP在科学中的主要用途是标记细胞使其可视化，便于观察研究。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the ocean’s surface lies a secret world of light. (海洋表面之下隐藏着一个秘密的光世界)”和最后一段“each expedition reveals new players in this beautiful underwater light show”(每次探险都揭示了这场美丽的水下灯光秀中的新角色)”及文章内容可知，全文围绕“生物荧光”展开，介绍了其原理、生存功能、科学应用和未解之谜，故“生物荧光：大自然隐藏的灯光秀”最能概括全文内容。 Passage 8 A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, moving quickly from dry brush toward a cluster of homes. The landscaping at the first house catches fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to burn. Any small flames that start along its walls quickly die out. Surprisingly, there is no water in sight. The flames are being put out by sound waves. This type of sound-based fire control may soon play a vital role in fighting wildfires. Understanding this requires knowing fire’s nature. The key ingredients for a fire are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Remove any one, and the fire stops. Sound waves can stop a fire by pushing oxygen molecules away from the fuel, preventing the fire from getting the air it needs to continue its burning reaction. Geoff Bruder, an engineer who previously researched energy at NASA, co-founded Sonic Fire Tech (Sonic for short) to build a machine for this purpose. He explains that the device vibrates the oxygen faster than the fuel can use it, which effectively blocks the chemical reaction. The company has successfully demonstrated fire control from distances up to 25 feet away. Using sound waves to fight fires isn’t a brand-new concept. US research agencies and universities have studied the method for over a decade. However, Albert Simeoni, a fire protection expert, points out the real challenge: scaling up the technology without creating damaging sound effects. Sonic solves this challenge by using infrasound (次声). Unlike previous efforts using 30 — 60 hertz waves, Sonic stays at or below 20 hertz. Therefore, these waves are inaudible (听不见的) to people and travel farther than higher-frequency waves. This technology is practical because homes often catch fire from embers entering roof openings. Sonic’s system uses a device powered by an electric motor to create sound waves, which travel through metal pipes installed on the roof and under its edges. The system activates automatically when sensors detect a flame, creating a kind of force field of infrasound to stop it. Experts note that sound waves generally work best on small flames. Nevertheless, homeowners and public-service companies are eager to try it. Sonic is working with two California companies to demonstrate its technology, and aims to have 50 pilot installations by early 2026. 1．How did the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By describing a scene. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By introducing a concept. 2．What is the key to sound waves putting out a fire according to the text? A．Removing the burning material physically. B．Keeping oxygen away from the burning fuel. C．Reducing the surrounding temperature rapidly. D．Lowering the temperature of the flames directly. 3．What can be inferred about Sonic Fire Tech’s use of infrasound? A．It pioneers the use of sound to fight fires. B．It is designed to produce audible fire alarms. C．It significantly lowers the cost of firefighting. D．It fixes a key problem in earlier sound methods. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The growing threat of wildfires in the suburbs. B．An innovative sound technology for firefighting. C．The science behind putting out fires with sound. D．A comparison between sound and water for fire control. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍一种基于声波（次声）的创新灭火技术，解释其原理、优势及应用进展，有望在野火扑救中发挥重要作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, moving quickly from dry brush toward a cluster of homes.(一场野火在洛杉矶郊区的山上燃烧，迅速从干枯的灌木丛向一片房屋蔓延。)”可知，作者通过描绘一个场景引入话题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sound waves can stop a fire by pushing oxygen molecules away from the fuel, preventing the fire from getting the air it needs to continue its burning reaction.(声波可以通过将氧分子推离燃料来灭火，阻止火焰获得维持燃烧反应所需的空气。)”可知，声波灭火的关键是使氧气远离燃烧的燃料。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, Albert Simeoni, a fire protection expert, points out the real challenge: scaling up the technology without creating damaging sound effects. Sonic solves this challenge by using infrasound (次声).(然而，消防专家Albert Simeoni指出了真正的挑战：扩大该技术应用的同时不产生破坏性音效。Sonic公司通过使用次声解决了这一难题。)”可知，该技术解决了早期声波方法中的一个关键问题。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This type of sound-based fire control may soon play a vital role in fighting wildfires. Understanding this requires knowing fire’s nature.(这种基于声波的灭火技术可能很快将在扑灭野火中发挥关键作用。)”以及全文围绕声波灭火创新技术展开介绍可知，文章主要介绍一种创新的声波消防技术。故选B项。 Passage 9 The Fahai Temple, located at the southern foot of Cuiwei Mountain in the Shijingshan district of Beijing, houses Ming Dynasty frescoes (壁画) dating back nearly 600 years. Today, a brand-new Fahai Temple Mural Art Center has been built at the foot of the mountain. “By using digital modern technology, valuable digital resources have been created, allowing the inactive frescoes to come to life,” said Liu Xiaobo, the art center’s curator. First built in 1439, the Fahai Temple is known as one of the “three major frescoes in China” together with the frescoes found in Dunhuang and Yongle Palace. “The frescoes depict 77 figures, including ordinary people, Buddhas and bodhisattvas, each with different postures and expressions,” said Liu. With the fall of Ming Dynasty, the prosperity of the Fahai Temple too came to an abrupt end. However, in recent years, the development of a high-tech industry featuring creativity services and digital technology has given the Shijingshan district government more confidence in the digital display of frescoes. At the exhibition of Fahai Temple Mural Art Center, the original mural paintings are displayed on a 4K HD screen, presenting them at their actual size. Each of the 77 figures is portrayed with thorough attention to detail using 3D modeling at the pixel (像素) level. The facial details of Water-moon Avalokitesvara, one of the most representative figures on the frescoes of Fahai Temple, are hard to make out in dim conditions. However, after using 3D modeling, the figure’s face, which measures over 3 meters tall, can be seen clearly on the 4K HD screen at the mural hall of the art center. “Through technological means, we can zoom in on them to show specific details and introduce the content of the frescoes item by item, offering the audience ample time to understand the frescoes,” Liu explained. 1．What can we know about the Fahai Temple frescoes? A．They were built during the Qing Dynasty. B．They are among China’s three major frescoes. C．There are altogether 77 Buddhas in the frescoes. D．They remained prosperous in the Ming Dynasty. 2．Why is 3D modeling used for the frescoes? A．To reduce the actual size of the figures. B．To make the figures move like real ones. C．To change the facial expressions of the figures. D．To show the details more clearly and completely. 3．What does the underlined word “zoom in on” probably mean? A．Enlarge B．Decorate C．Restore D．Appreciate 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The long history of the Fahai Temple. B．Ways to appreciate the Fahai Temple frescoes. C．The introduction of three great Chinese frescoes. D．Application of digital technology to ancient frescoes. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了北京法海寺拥有近六百年明代名贵壁画，如今当地运用4K屏幕与3D建模等数字技术，清晰还原壁画细节，让古老壁画以全新形式生动展示、便于观赏。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“First built in 1439, the Fahai Temple is known as one of the “three major frescoes in China” together with the frescoes found in Dunhuang and Yongle Palace.(法海寺始建于1439年，法海寺壁画与敦煌壁画、永乐宫壁画一同被誉为中国三大壁画)”可知，法海寺壁画是中国三大壁画之一。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, after using 3D modeling, the figure’s face, which measures over 3 meters tall, can be seen clearly on the 4K HD screen at the mural hall of the art center.(然而，在使用了3D模型技术之后，在艺术中心的壁画厅里，这个身高超过3米的人物的脸部能够在4K高清屏幕上清晰地呈现出来)”可知，在壁画上使用3D模型技术是为了更清晰、更完整地展现细节。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“to show specific details(以展示具体细节)”可知，展示具体细节需要放大放大画面，故划线词意思是“放大”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段““By using digital modern technology, valuable digital resources have been created, allowing the inactive frescoes to come to life,” said Liu Xiaobo, the art center’s curator.(“通过运用现代数字技术，珍贵的数字资源得以生成，让原本沉寂的壁画重焕生机。”该艺术中心的负责人刘晓波说)”可知，文章主要说明了北京法海寺拥有近六百年明代名贵壁画，如今当地运用4K屏幕与3D建模等数字技术，清晰还原壁画细节，让古老壁画以全新形式生动展示、便于观赏。故选D。 Passage 10 Doctors in London have taken a major step forward in medical science by helping children born blind to see again through the use of gene therapy. The treatment was designed for a rare inherited eye condition that affects the retina — the part of the eye responsible for transforming light into signals the brain can understand. The children in the treatment group suffered from a severe form of retinal dystrophy (营养不良) caused by a faulty gene. This fault meant that the light-sensing cells in their eyes could not function properly. As a result, these children were legally classified as blind, even though some could still tell light from dark. In the new procedure, surgeons injected (注射) a healthy copy of the faulty gene into one eye during a keyhole operation that lasted about an hour. The gene was carried safely inside a harmless virus and placed precisely in the light-sensitive layer of the retina. The goal was to help damaged cells recover their ability to respond to light. After the operation, researchers monitored the children’s progress for several years. The results were published in a respected medical journal. Many families reported remarkable improvements. One parent said that before the treatment, his son could not notice bright objects even when they were held just inches from his face. After the operation, the boy began to reach for toys and recognize people at a short distance. He even reacted to sunlight shining through a window — the first time he had shown any response to light. According to James Bainbridge, a senior retinal specialist involved in the work, the therapy not only helps the eye cells to work better but also encourages the brain to interpret visual signals more effectively. Although further research is still needed to confirm long-term safety, the future of gene treatment for visual disorders is bright with the potential to revolutionize treatment options and bring new hope to those living with visual disabilities. 1．What can we learn about the faulty gene? A．It makes the light-sensing cells perform poorly. B．It prevents people distinguishing light from dark. C．It affects how the brain transforms the light signals. D．It causes severe damage to the outer part of the eyes. 2．Why is the treatment described as “a major step forward”? A．It shortens the time needed for eye surgery. B．It removes a harmful virus from the patients’ eyes. C．It intends to cure the most common retinal diseases. D．It helps address a certain eye problem at its root. 3．Why does the author mention the father and his son in paragraph 4? A．To present the fact. B．To prove the effect. C．To predict the trend. D．To explain the theory. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of this treatment? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍伦敦医生利用基因疗法帮助先天失明儿童重见光明，以及该疗法的原理、效果和未来前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The children in the treatment group suffered from a severe form of retinal dystrophy caused by a faulty gene. This fault meant that the light-sensing cells in their eyes could not function properly.(治疗组的儿童患有由缺陷基因引起的严重视网膜营养不良。这种缺陷意味着他们眼睛中的感光细胞无法正常工作)”可知，缺陷基因会使感光细胞工作不佳。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Doctors in London have taken a major step forward in medical science by helping children born blind to see again through the use of gene therapy.(伦敦的医生通过基因疗法帮助先天失明的儿童重见光明，在医学上迈出了重要一步)”以及第三段中的“In the new procedure, surgeons injected a healthy copy of the faulty gene into one eye during a keyhole operation that lasted about an hour.(在新的手术过程中，外科医生在一个持续约一小时的锁孔手术中，将缺陷基因的健康副本注射到一只眼睛中)”可知，该疗法通过注入健康基因从根源上解决特定眼疾问题，因此被称为“重要一步”。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Many families reported remarkable improvements. One parent said that before the treatment, his son could not notice bright objects even when they were held just inches from his face. After the operation, the boy began to reach for toys and recognize people at a short distance.(许多家庭报告说情况有了显著改善。一位家长说，在治疗前，他的儿子即使把明亮的物体放在离脸几英寸远的地方也注意不到。手术后，这个男孩开始去够玩具，并能在短距离内认出人)”可知，作者提到这位父亲和他的儿子，是为了举例证明基因疗法的效果显著。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although further research is still needed to confirm long-term safety, the future of gene treatment for visual disorders is bright with the potential to revolutionize treatment options and bring new hope to those living with visual disabilities.(尽管仍需要进一步研究来确认长期安全性，但视觉障碍基因治疗的未来是光明的，有望彻底改变治疗方案，为视觉障碍患者带来新的希望)”可知，作者认为这种疗法的未来是光明的，对其未来持支持态度。故选A项。 Passage 11 On a snowy morning in Stockholm, the Candela C-8 looks like a standard speedboat. Once it picks up speed, something extraordinary happens: the hull (船体) lifts entirely out of the water, “flying” half a meter above the surface. This is the new generation of electric hydrofoils (水翼船). They are ideal for urban transport, says Gustav Hasselskog, the founder of Candela technology company. They are quiet, emission-free and cheap to run — the C-8’s cost per mile is about 5% of that of a traditional speedboat. In many cities, to reduce the disturbance caused by large waves, boats are usually speed-limited. Hydrofoils, however, cause almost no wake and thus travel faster. Hasselskog believes they could reshape urban transport by shifting traffic from blocked roads to underused waterways, which he terms “blue highways”. The Candela C-8 is supported by three thin, red struts (支柱), which are linked to two underwater wings that turn forward motion into lift. By lifting the hull out of the water, the boat reduces drag by as much as 80 percent, saving a huge amount of energy. Sensors around the boat measure waves and control systems adjust the wings 100 times a second, providing such a solid, smooth ride that the boat feels as though it is on rails. The power needed to drive a hydrofoil varies directly with its mass, so minimizing a hull’s overall weight is also of importance. The wings must be small enough to reduce drag and strong enough to bear the boat’s weight. The solution is to borrow from aerospace and motor racing, and use carbon fiber. As for motors, Candela now has a partnership with makers of electric vehicles, allowing electric boats to use standard fast-chargers designed for cars. The potential impact is significant with nearly half of the world’s population living in coastal regions where cities are often stuck in traffic. While large traditional public boats will still be needed for heavy routes, on short passenger-only routes in cities, electric hydrofoils may be about to take off. 1．What does Gustav Hasselskog expect the Candela C-8 to do? A．Boost coastal tourism. B．Remodel urban traffic. C．Lower travel expenses. D．Promote road building. 2．Which part of the Candela C-8 plays a vital role in its high energy efficiency? A．Its type of drive. B．Its power source. C．Its control systems. D．Its underwater wings. 3．What does the author think of the large traditional public boats? A．They are out of date. B．They show huge potential. C．They are irreplaceable. D．They need to be improved. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Electric Hydrofoils: A New Solution to City Traffic B．Traditional Speedboats: Features and Cost Analysis C．The Candela C-8: Reshaping Heavy-route Transport D．Carbon Fiber: Equipping the Candela C-8 with Wings 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型电动水翼船Candela C-8，其通过水翼技术实现高效、平稳航行，有望缓解城市交通压力，为沿海城市提供新的交通解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hasselskog believes they could reshape urban transport by shifting traffic from blocked roads to underused waterways, which he terms “blue highways”.(Hasselskog认为，它们可以通过将交通从拥堵的道路转移到未充分利用的水路上来重塑城市交通，他称之为“蓝色高速公路”)”可知，Hasselskog期望Candela C-8重塑城市交通。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Candela C-8 is supported by three thin, red struts (支柱), which are linked to two underwater wings that turn forward motion into lift. By lifting the hull out of the water, the boat reduces drag by as much as 80 percent, saving a huge amount of energy.(Candela C-8由三根细长的红色支柱支撑，这些支柱与两个水下机翼相连，将向前的运动转化为升力。通过将船体抬离水面，船只减少了高达80%的阻力，节省了大量能源)”可知，Candela C-8的水下机翼使其获得升力，减少了阻力，从而提高了能源效率。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While large traditional public boats will still be needed for heavy routes, on short passenger-only routes in cities, electric hydrofoils may be about to take off.(虽然大型传统公共船只仍然需要用于繁忙航线，但在城市的短途客运航线上，电动水翼船可能即将起飞)”可知，作者认为大型传统公共船只对于繁忙航线是必要的，即它们是不可替代的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“This is the new generation of electric hydrofoils (水翼船). (这是新一代的电动水翼船)”、第二段“Hasselskog believes they could reshape urban transport by shifting traffic from blocked roads to underused waterways, which he terms “blue highways”. (Hasselskog认为，它们可以通过将交通从拥堵的道路转移到未被充分利用的水道来重塑城市交通，他称之为“蓝色高速公路”)”和最后一段“The potential impact is significant with nearly half of the world’s population living in coastal regions where cities are often stuck in traffic. While large traditional public boats will still be needed for heavy routes, on short passenger-only routes in cities, electric hydrofoils may be about to take off. (潜在影响是巨大的，因为世界上近一半的人口生活在沿海地区，这些地区的城市经常陷入交通拥堵。虽然大型传统公共船只在繁忙航线上仍然需要，但在城市中短途的客运航线上，电动水翼船可能即将起飞)”可知，文章主要介绍了电动水翼船C-8的特点和优势，以及它如何通过利用城市水道来缓解交通拥堵，成为城市交通的新解决方案。故A项“Electric Hydrofoils: A New Solution to City Traffic (电动水翼船：城市交通的新解决方案)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 12 Imagine a place where sunlight never reaches, the water pressure could flatten a car, and the temperature swings from near-freezing to extreme hot within meters. This is the world of hydrothermal openings-leaks in the ocean floor where superheated, mineral-rich water erupts into the freezing deep sea. For decades, scientists believed nothing could live in such severe conditions. But in 1977, a team aboard the submarine Alvin made a shocking discovery: these seemingly lifeless places were actually filled with creatures. Among them were large mussels (贻贝) unlike any seen before. These mussels presented a puzzle. How could they survive in total darkness, far from the sunlight that powers almost all life on Earth’s surface? Through further study, scientists discover how these mussels team up with bacteria to prosper in one of Earth’s most extreme environments. The answer lies inside their bodies. Unlike most marine animals that must hunt food from the water, these mussels host billions of bacteria within their gills (鳃). The bacteria perform a process, using chemicals from outlet water currents rather than sunlight to produce food for the mussels. It’s a perfect partnership: the mussels provide a safe home for the bacteria and in return the bacteria feed their hosts. This mutualistic relationship has allowed the mussels to become “double stars” of the deep sea, successfully occupying not only hydrothermal outlets but also another extreme habitat: cold leaks, where methane (甲烷) gas slowly pops up from the seafloor. Remarkably, scientists have found that about 20 percent of the species living at openings and leaks are shared between these two very different environments. Today, researchers continue to explore these unique ecosystems using advanced submarines like China’s “Fendouzhe”, which has discovered new deep-sea communities in the Mariana Trench. Each dive reveals more about how life has adapted to Earth’s most extreme places-and what these adaptations might teach us about the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe. 1．What did scientists think the deep sea was like decades ago? A．Purely dark and lifeless. B．Full of diverse creatures. C．Similar to ocean surface. D．Rich in mineral resources. 2．What sustains the mussels’ survival? A．Bacteria in their gills. B．Food floating in the water. C．Extreme water pressure. D．Sunlight beneath the surface. 3．Why does the author mention China’s “Fendouzhe”? A．To compare it with Alvin. B．To introduce a new concept. C．To show ongoing exploration. D．To praise Chinese technology. 4．What is the main focus of the text? A．Deep-sea exploring technology. B．The discovery of methane leaks. C．Extreme environments on Earth. D．Life’s adaptation in severe habitats. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了深海热液喷口等极端环境中的生物生存情况，特别是贻贝如何通过与细菌共生在黑暗、高压等极端条件下生存，以及科学家对此的探索和研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“For decades, scientists believed nothing could live in such severe conditions. But in 1977, a team aboard the submarine Alvin made a shocking discovery: these seemingly lifeless places were actually filled with creatures.(几十年来，科学家一直认为没有任何生物能在如此恶劣的环境中生存。但在 1977 年，阿尔文号潜水艇上的科考团队有了一项惊人发现：这些看似毫无生机的地方，其实遍布着各种生物。)”可知，几十年前科学家认为深海是完全黑暗且没有生命的。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike most marine animals that must hunt food from the water, these mussels host billions of bacteria within their gills ( 鳃 ). The bacteria perform a process, using chemicals from outlet water currents rather than sunlight to produce food for the mussels.(与大多数必须从水中捕食的海洋动物不同，这些贻贝的鳃中寄生着数十亿细菌。这些细菌利用出口水流中的化学物质而不是阳光来为贻贝生产食物。)”可知，贻贝鳃中的细菌维持了贻贝的生存。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, researchers continue to explore these unique ecosystems using advanced submarines like China’s ‘Fendouzhe’, which has discovered new deep-sea communities in the Mariana Trench.(如今，研究人员继续使用像中国的“奋斗者”号这样的先进潜艇探索这些独特的生态系统，‘奋斗者’号在马里亚纳海沟发现了新的深海生物群落。)”可知，作者提到中国的“奋斗者”号是为了展示正在进行的探索 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了深海热液喷口等极端环境中的生物生存情况，特别是贻贝如何通过与细菌共生在黑暗、高压等极端条件下生存，以及科学家对此的探索和研究，由此可知，这篇文章的主要焦点是生命在恶劣环境中的适应。 Passage 13 Fatigue management (疲劳管理) is vital for everyone, and staying alert when needed requires more than just good, consistent sleep. Think of moments like feeling sleepy while driving or fighting sleep in a boring class — our usual fixes, such as walking around, drinking coffee or standing at the back of a room, are only quick short-term solutions. However, for those whose jobs involve missions or off-cycle work that prevent adequate sleep, more tailored strategies are necessary. This raises the question: Can sleep extension help when you know you’ll need to stay awake for a long time? Sleep banking, the practice of extending sleep hours in the nights before a known period of sleep deprivation (剥夺), has gained increasing attention. In 2009, an Army study compared people who got their regular hours of sleep for a week to a group that spent 10 hours in bed during those same nights. This was followed by 3 nights of only 3 hours of time in bed allowed for both groups. Surprisingly, the group that had “banked” sleep, performed better on a measure of alertness during the sleep restricted time period and recovered faster from the sleep deprivation. A more recent study also found that a week of sleep extension improved quick decision-making during a 40-hour total sleep deprivation task involving emotional stimuli and attentional distraction. Despite supporting evidence, there are also arguments against the theory. One concern is simply that humans are not designed to sleep when they don’t need sleep, thus from the perspective of physiological instinct (本能), the notion of banking does not make sense. Another is that the observed improvements may come from resolving sleep debt which itself boosts cognition and wakefulness rather than sleep banking. Currently, we don’t have a definitive answer to “Can you bank sleep?” But there is clear benefit to sleep extension before planned deprivation. While the mechanism remains unproven, either sleep banking or resolving sleep debt through pre-deprivation extension appears to help individuals perform better during deprivation and recover more quickly afterward. 1．What is the effect of common ways to fight sleepiness? A．They bring long-term comfort. B．They relieve temporary fatigue. C．They help to tackle tough tasks. D．They remove boredom in class. 2．What is the shared finding of the two studies? A．Mild sleep shortage facilitates decision-making. B．Sleep extension increases the degree of alertness. C．Sleep banking contributes to mental reactions. D．Sleepiness results from attentional distraction. 3．Why is the sleep banking theory being questioned? A．It goes against biological sense. B．It disturbs human cognition. C．It overstates the actual impact. D．It doesn’t pay people’s sleep debt. 4．Before which of the following activities can we bank sleep? A．Seeing a doctor. B．Taking a daily quiz. C．Joining in a triathlon. D．Attending a meeting. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍疲劳管理中睡眠储备的概念、相关研究及人们对该理论的支持与质疑。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Think of moments like feeling sleepy while driving or fighting sleep in a boring class — our usual fixes, such as walking around, drinking coffee or standing at the back of a room, are only quick short-term solutions.(试想一下这样的时刻：开车时昏昏欲睡，或是在枯燥的课堂上强打精神 ——我们常用的解决方法，比如四处走动、喝咖啡或站在房间后面，都只是快速的短期解决方案)”可知，常见的对抗困倦的方法只能缓解暂时的疲劳，故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ Surprisingly, the group that had “banked” sleep, performed better on a measure of alertness during the sleep restricted time period and recovered faster from the sleep deprivation.(令人惊讶的是进行睡眠储备的小组在睡眠受限期间，在警觉性测试中表现更好，并且从睡眠不足中恢复得更快)”和第四段“A more recent study also found that a week of sleep extension improved quick decision-making during a 40-hour total sleep deprivation task involving emotional stimuli and attentional distraction.(最近一项研究还发现，连续一周延长睡眠时间，能让人在一项包含情绪刺激、注意力干扰、且长达40小时完全不睡的任务中，更快做出决策)”可知，两项研究共同发现睡眠储备有助于提升心理反应能力，故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One concern is simply that humans are not designed to sleep when they don’t need sleep, thus from the perspective of physiological instinct, the notion of banking does not make sense.(一个担忧是，人类本身并不适合在不需要睡眠的时候强行睡眠，因此从生理本能的角度来看，睡眠储备的概念是不合理的)”可知，睡眠储备理论因违背生理本能而受到质疑，故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “Sleep banking, the practice of extending sleep hours in the nights before a known period of sleep deprivation(睡眠储备是指在已知即将面临睡眠剥夺的前几晚，延长睡眠时间的做法)”可知，睡眠储备适用于需长时间保持清醒、可能面临睡眠剥夺的活动。铁人三项属于高强度、长时间运动，需提前进行睡眠储备。故选C项。 Passage 14 For decades, high grades, early medals, or strong test scores are often seen as signs of future greatness. Talent programs frequently select top-performing children and push them into intensive, single-discipline training from a young age. However, this approach may be flawed. A team led by Arne Güllich, professor of University Kaiserslautern Landau, found these assumptions didn’t match how most world-class performers actually developed. Earlier research mainly studied young or sub-elite (亚精英) performers, such as school students, youth athletes, and conservatory musicians. What was missing was a close look at adults who reached the highest level in their fields. “Traditional research into giftedness and expertise didn’t sufficiently consider how world-class performers at peak performance age developed in their early years,” said Güllich. Given all this, a new international research team was formed. The team reanalyzed data from massive earlier studies, bringing together evidence from different fields for the first time. In total, they examined the developmental paths of 34,839 top performers. This group included Nobel Prize winners in science, Olympic medalists, excellent chess players, etc. The researchers found early success didn’t reliably predict later greatness. First, individuals who performed best at a young age were usually not the same people who later reached the world-class level. Second, future top performers tended to not stand out early, and many weren’t among the best in their age group. Third, those who eventually reached peak performance explored multiple areas early in life. According to the researchers, trying different disciplines helps individuals discover what truly fits them best over time, and that varied experiences build stronger learning skills, making it easier to improve later at the highest level. “Those who find an optimal (最适宜的) discipline for themselves and develop enhanced potential for long-term learning have improved chances of developing world-class performance,” said Güllich. “Thus, to support young talent, don’t make them specialize in just one discipline too early,” said Güllich. “Provide opportunities to pursue different areas of interest, and support development in two or three disciplines.” A young person might enjoy both mathematics and languages, or philosophy and geography. Looking ahead, these insights could help design better approaches to talent development. 1．What does the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Confusing. B．Unattractive. C．Discouraging. D．Unsound. 2．What is the uniqueness of the new study compared to previous research? A．The focus on comprehensive data. B．The massive financial investment. C．The dependence on technology. D．The cooperation between countries. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Ways to choose disciplines. B．The power of early variety. C．The qualities of top performers. D．The applications of the findings. 4．What did Güllich think was the most important about approaches to talent development? A．Creativity. B．Resistance. C．Flexibility. D．Sustainability. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现早期成功不能预测未来成就，指出过早单一学科训练有缺陷，提出人才培养应注重多领域探索。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“For decades, high grades, early medals, or strong test scores are often seen as signs of future greatness. Talent programs frequently select top-performing children and push them into intensive, single-discipline training from a young age. However, this approach may be flawed. A team led by Arne Güllich, professor of University Kaiserslautern Landau, found these assumptions didn’t match how most world-class performers actually developed.(几十年来，高分、早期奖牌或优异的考试成绩通常被视为未来成就卓越的标志。人才项目经常挑选表现顶尖的孩子，从小就推动他们接受高强度的单一学科训练。然而，这种方法可能是 flawed。凯撒斯劳滕-兰道大学的阿恩·居利希教授领导的团队发现，这些假设与大多数世界级表演者的实际发展方式并不相符)”可知，“从小进行单一学科高强度训练”的方法被研究证明与世界级表演者的实际发展不符，由此猜测flawed意为“有缺陷的、不健全的”,与unsound同义。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Earlier research mainly studied young or sub-elite (亚精英) performers, such as school students, youth athletes, and conservatory musicians. What was missing was a close look at adults who reached the highest level in their fields.(早期的研究主要研究年轻或亚精英表演者，如学生、青少年运动员和音乐学院的音乐家。所缺少的是对那些在各自领域达到最高水平的成年人的仔细观察)”和第三段中的“The team reanalyzed data from massive earlier studies, bringing together evidence from different fields for the first time. In total, they examined the developmental paths of 34,839 top performers.(该团队重新分析了早期大量研究的数据，首次整合了不同领域的证据。他们总共研究了34839名顶尖表演者的发展路径)”可知，与之前的研究相比，这项新研究的独特之处在于它聚焦于综合数据，首次整合不同领域证据，研究顶尖成年人的发展路径，而非仅研究年轻或亚精英群体。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“According to the researchers, trying different disciplines helps individuals discover what truly fits them best over time, and that varied experiences build stronger learning skills, making it easier to improve later at the highest level.(研究人员表示，随着时间的推移，尝试不同的学科有助于个人发现最适合自己的领域，而多样化的经历能培养更强的学习技能，使他们后来更容易在最高水平上取得进步)”可知，第五段主要讲述了早期尝试多种领域（多样化经历）的好处和作用，即早期多样化的力量。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Thus, to support young talent, don’t make them specialize in just one discipline too early,” said Güllich. “Provide opportunities to pursue different areas of interest, and support development in two or three disciplines.”(居利希说：“因此，为了支持年轻人才，不要让他们过早地只专注于一个学科。提供追求不同兴趣领域的机会，并支持在两到三个学科领域的发展。”)”可知，居利希认为人才培养方法中最重要的是灵活性，即不要过早单一化，要支持多领域发展。故选C项。 Passage 15 What happens when humans rely too much on artificial intelligence (AI) to write for them? A new study by researchers from a coalition (联盟) of West Coast universities suggests that heavy use of AI writing tools may not just change how people write, but also what they say and how they think. The research evaluation used responses from 100 participants who had to write essays about the relationship between money and happiness. Researchers discovered that study participants who depended on large language models (LLMs) for their work produced results which showed major differences from the outcomes of those who used no artificial intelligence. Participants who depended heavily on AI were 69% more likely to give neutral answers compared to others. People who created written work without AI tools showed higher degrees of personal judgement than those who used AI tools. The research demonstrated that AI-generated content showed more formal style while it lacked emotional depth. The results which University of Washington computer science professor Natasha Jaques studied demonstrate an underlying issue that extends beyond the current findings. The LLMs create a force which drives essay writing away from any standard which a human writer would create, according to her observation that she used to describe the effect which makes writing dull. Heavy AI users produced essays which were less personal because they used general expressions instead of specific personal details. Many participants also admitted their work felt less creative and less like their own voice, even though their satisfaction with the final output remained similar. Researchers observed that AI editing tools produce larger editing results than human editors. AI systems perform extensive text rewrites which change original text meaning instead of making minor text corrections. The discovery establishes fundamental research enquiries regarding artificial intelligence’s future impact on human communication and artistic expression. According to Florida State University Computational Linguistics Professor Thomas Juzek, the study demonstrates how AI tools provide more capabilities than basic grammar assessment. 1．How were heavy AI users different from non-AI users in their writing? A．They held clearer subjective judgments in content. B．Their works contained richer emotional messages. C．Their writings lacked individual characteristics. D．They preferred detailed and personal descriptions. 2．What is Natasha Jaques’ attitude toward LLMs? A．Appreciative. B．Concerned. C．Indifferent. D．Confused. 3．What do we know about AI editing tools from the text? A．They may change writers’ original ideas. B．They mainly focus on small grammar mistakes. C．They are not as professional as human editors. D．They rarely make large-scale revisions to articles. 4．Which of the following statements would Juzek agree with? A．AI reduces research workload. B．Human editing remains irreplaceable. C．Neutral writing benefits readers. D．AI tools have more potential functions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了西海岸大学的一项新研究发现，过度依赖 AI 写作工具会使文章更中立、缺乏个人特色与情感深度，还可能改变原意，引发相关思考。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“Heavy AI users produced essays which were less personal because they used general expressions instead of specific personal details. Many participants also admitted their work felt less creative and less like their own voice, even though their satisfaction with the final output remained similar.( 重度使用人工智能的人所创作的文章缺乏个人色彩，因为他们使用的是通用表述而非具体的个人细节。许多参与者也承认他们的作品感觉缺乏创意，不像自己的声音，尽管他们对最终成果的满意度仍然相似。)”可知，重度使用人工智能工具的用户与非人工智能工具使用者在写作方面的不同之处是它的写作缺乏个人特色。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The results which University of Washington computer science professor Natasha Jaques studied demonstrate an underlying issue that extends beyond the current findings. The LLMs create a force which drives essay writing away from any standard which a human writer would create, according to her observation that she used to describe the effect which makes writing dull.( 华盛顿大学计算机科学教授娜塔莎·贾克斯所研究的结果揭示了一个超出当前发现的潜在问题。据她的观察，这种语言模型所形成的“力量”会驱使文章的写作脱离人类作者通常会采用的任何标准，而她曾用这种方式来描述那种会让写作变得枯燥的影响。)”可推知，娜塔莎·贾克斯对语言模型持担忧态度。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“AI editing tools produce larger editing results than human editors. AI systems perform extensive text rewrites which change original text meaning instead of making minor text corrections.( 人工智能系统进行大量的文本重写，改变的是原始文本的含义，而非进行细微的文本修正。)”可知，人工智能编辑工具可能会改变作者原本的想法。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to Florida State University Computational Linguistics Professor Thomas Juzek, the study demonstrates how AI tools provide more capabilities than basic grammar assessment.( 佛罗里达州立大学计算语言学教授托马斯·朱泽克表示，这项研究表明，人工智能工具提供的功能比基本的语法评估要多得多。)”可推知，Juzek可能同意的观点是人工智能工具具有更多的潜在功能。故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届最新高考模拟三轮冲刺卷之（浙江专用） 阅读理解15篇（说明文） Passage 1 Global trends indicate that basic resources like food and water are becoming increasingly scarce. With the population projected to reach 10 billion 30 years from today, feeding everyone is a major challenge, as we will not have more water or arable (可耕作的) land in the future. Deforestation is not a sustainable solution due to its severe impacts on climate change. Israeli company Netafim addresses this by promoting drip irrigation, a technology it pioneered. This method delivers precise amounts of water and nutrients directly to plant roots, dramatically improving efficiency. Transitioning to drip irrigation saves enormous amounts of water. For example, Netafim’s system for rice fields can reduce water usage by up to 70%. It also minimizes the need for harmful chemicals and helps reduce soil degradation caused by farming. Furthermore, smart irrigation lowers the carbon footprint because crops can be grown close to retailers, cutting down on long-distance transportation. Greenhouse farming supported by such technology also contributes to this reduction. Netafim is additionally working to reduce plastic waste through recycling initiatives for used irrigation lines. A major obstacle remains affordability for the world’s 450 million smallholder farmers. In response, Netafim is developing cheaper systems and innovative business models. These include “irrigation as a service”, where farmers pay a monthly fee, and “community irrigation” projects that pool resources for small farmers, as successfully implemented in India. The company also assists governments, such as Rwanda’s, in developing new agricultural areas. Although 75% of Israel’s crops use drip irrigation, the global adoption rate is only about 5%, with most agriculture still relying on wasteful flood irrigation. Actually, the growing demand for such solutions is global. The technology was well-received at the Dubai Expo, highlighting the keen interest from water-scarce regions like the Arabian Gulf, which seek to reduce dependence on food imports and enhance its food security through innovation. 1．What does the author highlight about future resource availability? A．The impact of technology. B．The damage of deforestation. C．The threat of climate change. D．The shortage of water and farmland. 2．What is an added bonus of drip irrigation besides saving water? A．It ends soil loss. B．It cuts plastic waste. C．It reduces chemical use. D．It speeds up crop growth. 3．What does the underlined word “pool” most probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Donate. B．Combine. C．Save. D．Control. 4．Why does the author mention regions like the Arabian Gulf in the last paragraph? A．To show global demand for drip irrigation. B．To compare their agriculture with Israel’s. C．To prove the effectiveness of drip irrigation. D．To criticize their dependence on food imports. Passage 2 The first thing to understand about emotional balance is that to keep it, you have to be constantly moving. If you seek peace of mind, please know that it requires continual practice, but once you learn the basics, the practice becomes a valued part of your lifestyle. It’s a little tricky to stay in a good place when the world is throwing so many distractions at you. Visualization (可视化) and meditation (冥想) are two great tools to start with when you feel yourself getting off-balance. They can not only help you rebalance but also move your life forward. The best way to begin is to listen to some meditative music for 30 minutes. You don’t have to think about anything; just allow yourself to relax and see what comes to you. When I’m up and active, I listen to Ed Sheeran or the Eagles, and when I need to relax, it’s Mozart or music for Zen meditation. There is a lot of power in music, and it’s an easy tool to help you get to where you want to be. Another overlooked rebalancing technique is recording your thoughts in a journal. First, you can release your overwhelming thoughts by putting them on paper. Second, it actually creates more room in your mind for positive thoughts to enter. That alone is a wonderful tool to help you stay on the path. A third tool is to actively engage in doing something that either you love or that needs to be done. Yes, these are two different paths, but they lead to the same destination. The goal is to focus all of your energy on creating something new and perhaps changing your current state of mind.    It’s not about escaping from your troubles. The idea is to develop a healthy lifestyle and to develop techniques that you can use for yourself. We all go through emotional upsets; the trick is learning to keep them in perspective, get a handle on them and use what you have taught yourself to chase them away. 1．What is the first suggestion to keep your emotions balanced? A．Making exercise a part of your life. B．Visualizing and meditating. C．Overcoming distractions. D．Constantly practicing it. 2．Why were different kinds of music mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To emphasize the power of music. B．To recommend the author’s favorite bands. C．To explain why music has power. D．To show the author’s love for classical music. 3．What is the author’s opinion about the technique of writing journals? A．It can work alone. B．It is commonly used. C．It can keep your memory sharp. D．It involves two different paths. 4．What is the final goal of keeping emotional balance? A．To become more creative. B．To avoid falling into trouble. C．To form a healthy lifestyle. D．To put things in perspective. Passage 3 Ten years ago, scientists identified a small group of individuals who feel no pleasure from music even though their hearing is normal and they enjoy other types of experiences. This condition, called “specific musical anhedonia (快感缺乏症),” occurs when the brain’s auditory (听觉的) regions fail to properly communicate with the areas involved in reward. In a paper recently published in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences, the researchers who first described the condition outline the brain processes involved and explain how this work may help uncover broader differences in how people experience pleasure and joy. To identify this condition, the team developed the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), which assesses responses to five musical reward sources: emotional impact, mood regulation, social interaction, movement/dance, and enjoyment of seeking new music. Those with musical anhedonia score low across all five areas. Behavioral research and brain imaging confirm that their auditory circuits work normally — they can hear and interpret music — but the reward circuit shows reduced activity when exposed to music. This clear difference makes the special disease easy to tell from common hearing problems. Notably, this circuit responds normally to other rewards like winning money, proving the reward system itself functions well. The core issue lies in the disruption between the reward circuit and the auditory network, not the reward circuit’s performance. Studies suggest genetics (基因) and environment may contribute to the condition. Researchers also propose that similar specific anhedonias might exist for other rewards, such as food, due to interrupted connectivity between relevant processing regions and the reward circuit. It means people may lack feelings for certain pleasures rather than all pleasant things. The team is currently working together with geneticists to identify specific genes that might be involved in specific musical anhedonia. They also plan to investigate whether the condition is a stable trait or something that changes throughout life — and whether musical anhedonia or other similar conditions can be reversed. 1．How can we describe specific musical anhedonia? A．Loss of all pleasure experiences. B．Truly damaged auditory brain regions. C．Normal hearing but no music joy. D．Reduced response to music rewards. 2．What does the BMRQ mainly do? A．Record people’s daily music habits. B．Treat unusual brain hearing illnesses. C．Test different styles of beautiful music. D．Check people’s music pleasure reactions. 3．Which word has the closest meaning to “disruption” in paragraph 3? A．Disconnection. B．Distribution. C．Discussion. D．Disqualification. 4．What will researchers study next? A．Popularity of special musical abilities. B．Links between genes and brain problems. C．Time limits of different brain disorders. D．Ways to spread musical knowledge widely. Passage 4 Imagine wandering through a dark forest for hours, then traveling all the way home — in a straight line. Bull ants do this every night, and scientists have long wondered how. It turns out they use a previously unknown type of Moon compass (指南针) — never seen before in the animal kingdom. To figure it out, Cody Freas, a behavioral ecologist, and his colleagues trapped bull ants the moment they left their nests. They allowed or denied the insects the chance to observe the Moon by grouping the individuals in a clear bottle or a black box. Then they brought them to an unfamiliar setting 200 meters away — an abandoned basketball court— to test which direction they traveled home. After comparing their separate paths, the team concluded the behavior of ants that could see moonlight was consistent with what’s called a time-compensated (时间补偿的 ) lunar compass. Essentially, the insects observe how quickly the Moon moves to estimate the relative position of their home and update that prediction with time. The dynamic speed of the Moon’s movement complicates this strategy. It rises slowly, speeds up when it’s at the highest point in the sky, and then slows down as it sets. Ants could be terribly misled if they don’t account for that, but the researchers discovered the insects have an inborn sense that the Moon’s speed shifts, and they compensate for it. The discovery makes bull ants the first known animals to navigate (导航) using this type of compass. Navigating with the Moon presents several advantages. Unlike stars, which other insects use to navigate, the Moon is not blocked by light pollution, and it can be bright enough to breakthrough clouds. Bull ants also have specialized eyes that allow them to see circular (环形的) patterns of polarized moonlight spreading across the sky, so they can sense the Moon’s position, even when it’s below the horizon. Freas says the study has given him a new appreciation of the Moon as a navigational aid. “The more time you spend under the Moon,” he says, “the more it seems like a much better helper than you originally think.” 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The process. B．The purposes. C．The background. D．The findings. 2．What helps bull ants navigate correctly according to the text? A．Their familiarity with the path to home. B．Their tolerance for the Moon’s movement. C．Their independence from time compensation. D．Their adjustment to the Moon’s speed change. 3．What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph? A．Navigating with the Moon is reliable for the bull ants. B．Bull ants’ eyes are characterized by circular patterns. C．Light pollution affects bull ants’ sense of direction. D．Bull ants can see the Moon below the horizon. 4．What does Freas think of bull ants using Moon compass? A．It’s controversial. B．It’s challenging. C．It’s mysterious. D．It’s amazing. Passage 5 Roadkill isn’t the most pleasant of subjects. As much as people try to avoid it and not contribute to it, the untimely animal deaths are an unfortunate, unavoidable byproduct of a society reliant on cars. In Brazil alone, it’s estimated that two to eight million birds and mammals are killed on roadways every year. In Europe, the potential tally may climb as high as 194 million. While viral headlines occasionally highlight different kinds of roadkill, the dead creatures actually have many other benefits. A team of biologists investigated what happens when scientists frequently use these dead creatures in their own work. According to their findings, roadkill is being used for a wide range of research — but the possibilities are even greater and more sustainable than most people realize. “Because the animals are already dead, researchers can often avoid live capture and handling, aligning (一致) perfectly with global animal-ethics principles that encourage replacing invasive methods wherever possible,” biologist Christa Beckmann explained. Along with colleagues from Western Sydney University, Deakin University, and Trent University, Beckmann evaluated 312 peer-reviewed studies from 67 countries around the world that focused on goals “other than counting or reducing roadkill”. They recorded at least 650 species — mostly mammals, followed by reptiles, birds, amphibians, and invertebrates. In total, the team identified around 117 different scientific uses for roadkill in various scientific projects. “We found examples of successfully using roadkill to map species distributions, monitor disease and environmental pollution, study diets, track invasive species, and supply museum collections, Beckmann said. In some instances, she added that roadkill also helped identify local populations previously believed extinct and even included species “previously unknown to science”. Beckmann knows the roadkill isn’t appropriate for all research projects and comes with its own biosafety considerations, but still believes there are far more uses waiting to be explored. “While roadkill will always be tragic, using these losses wisely could help drive scientific discovery and conservation forward, rather than letting valuable information decompose by the roadside,” she said. 1．What does the first paragraph primarily emphasize? A．The need for safer transportation. B．The severity of the roadkill issue. C．The impact of roadkill animals. D．The causes of different car accidents. 2．Why does Beckmann advocate using roadkill in research? A．It helps avoid harming live animals. B．It minimizes the research expenses. C．It provides fresh biological samples. D．It yields more accurate research results. 3．What do the numbers in paragraph 4 imply? A．The complexity of research methods. B．The development of international cooperation. C．The declining health of global ecosystem. D．The roadkill’s global scientific significance. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Roadkill — A Possible Alternative in Scientific Research. B．Cars — The Main Threat to Animals. C．The Moral Concerns Are Rising from Roadkill. D．Effective Methods of Preventing Roadkill Are in Need. Passage 6 Few phrases feel more comforting than “I agree”. It signals that our thinking is accepted by someone else. But when agreement comes from a machine, the situation becomes different. A recent study on “sycophantic AI” highlights this issue. Researchers found that some language models can adjust their responses to fit a user’s beliefs and avoid contradicting them. These interactions may still feel thoughtful and helpful, which is exactly why they can be so convincing. Yet the effect differs from real human discussion, where ideas are often tested rather than simply supported. Good conversation usually contains some division. Ideas meet opposing views that push us to think more clearly. Sycophantic AI changes this process. Instead of real dialogue, the model often mirrors the user’s viewpoint and steers the conversation in satisfying directions. From the user’s perspective, the exchange seems natural and intelligent, creating the impression that the model understands the reasoning being shared. Over time, however, this agreement may strengthen confidence in an idea without improving understanding. To examine this effect, researchers used a rule-discovery puzzle. When feedback (反馈) matched the correct rule, participants gradually reached the right answer. But when feedback quietly supported the participant’s initial idea — even if it was wrong — discovery rates dropped sharply while confidence increased. Nothing false was added. Instead, the interaction reinforced existing beliefs and removed the contradiction that normally sharpens judgment. This pattern can also appear in real life. While exploring a possible business opportunity, I once found that a language model reflected my reasoning and helped build a story that made the idea seem increasingly promising. Each step felt logical and encouraging, yet the final outcome turned out very different. The model had not invented facts; it simply followed my expectations and filled in gaps that supported them. Human knowledge has long grown through debate, evidence, and disagreement. The risk of sycophantic AI isn’t simply that it agrees with us. It’s that agreement can quietly replace the resistance that makes thinking effective and reliable. Therefore, the responsibility for maintaining that resistance may increasingly fall on users. After all, the conversations that sharpen our thinking rarely begin with agreement. 1．What can we know about sycophantic AI from paragraph 2? A．It makes conversations less persuasive. B．It helps users debate and improve their ideas. C．It supports users’ views to avoid disagreements. D．It encourages users to reexamine their own ideas. 2．Why did participants become less successful in finding the correct rule? A．The feedback strengthened their beliefs instead of challenging them. B．The puzzle grew increasingly complex as the research continued. C．The researchers gave participants some false information. D．The participants lacked confidence in their own reasoning. 3．What can we infer from the author’s personal experience in paragraph 5? A．AI can help people achieve business success easily. B．AI may give a false sense of reliability to one’s ideas. C．AI’s advice is obviously different from human advice. D．Language models are helpful in finding business opportunities. 4．What is the author’s suggestion for AI users? A．Prioritize the quality of tasks. B．Enhance the ability to take risks. C．Engage in regular self-reflection practices. D．Learn to question and improve critical thinking. Passage 7 Beneath the ocean’s surface lies a secret world of light. While bioluminescence — the ability of living things to produce their own light — has long interested scientists, a lesser-known phenomenon called bio-fluorescence (生物荧光) is now stealing the spotlight. Bio-fluorescence occurs when sea animals absorb light at one wavelength and send it out at another, creating vivid lights in colors like green, red, or orange. Unlike bioluminescence, which produces light through chemical reactions, bio-fluorescence depends on absorbing light from outside to glow. This natural light show is not just for beauty; it serves critical survival functions. In the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) of the Pacific, researchers observed corals sending out green under blue light. “It’s a dance of partnership guided by light,” explains marine biologist Dr. Kenji Nakamura. Without this interaction, coral bleaching (白化) — a major threat to coral ecosystems — would speed up. Another wonder comes from the Hawaiian bobtail squid (短尾乌贼). When threatened by hunters, it releases a cloud of bio-fluorescent ink. The sudden burst of light confuses attackers, buying the squid precious seconds to escape. Dr. Emily Carter who led the study notes, “This is evolution’s version of a smoke screen — but far more shining.” The discovery of GFP — green fluorescent protein (绿色荧光蛋白) — in jellyfish in 1962 revolutionized science. Researchers realized GFP could be used to mark specific cells, making invisible processes visible. Today, it lights up nerve cells in brain studies, helping map out connections in diseases like Alzheimer’s. “GFP is a window into the brain’s hidden workings,” says brain scientist Dr. Maria Gonzalez. Scientists are now copying bio-fluorescence to develop sustainable technologies. For example, fluorescent proteins inspire energy-efficient LED lighting, and bio-fluorescent markers could improve medical imaging. “Nature’s designs are blueprints for human innovation,” says materials scientist Dr. Raj Patel. Yet mysteries remain. Over 200 species of bio-fluorescent fish were recently discovered, their purposes still unclear. As submarines dive deeper, each expedition reveals new players in this beautiful underwater light show, proving that the ocean’s depths still guard ancient secrets. 1．How is bio-fluorescence different from bioluminescence? A．It is drawing less attention. B．It produces brighter lights. C．It needs an outside light source. D．It makes better use of chemical reactions. 2．What can we learn about the examples in paragraphs 3 and 4? A．They both describe light-based hunting methods. B．They both explain the formation of a close partnership. C．They both highlight potential threats to the environment. D．They both show survival functions of bio-fluorescence. 3．What is the main use of GFP in science? A．To protect corals from bleaching. B．To create more efficient LED lights. C．To treat the disease of Alzheimer’s. D．To visualize cells for better observation. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Hidden Light Show B．Bio-fluorescence: Nature’s Display of Beauty C．Bioluminescence: Ocean’s Ancient Magic Power D．Bioluminescence: Colourful Window into Ocean Secret Passage 8 A wildfire burns in the hills of a Los Angeles suburb, moving quickly from dry brush toward a cluster of homes. The landscaping at the first house catches fire, but the house itself stubbornly refuses to burn. Any small flames that start along its walls quickly die out. Surprisingly, there is no water in sight. The flames are being put out by sound waves. This type of sound-based fire control may soon play a vital role in fighting wildfires. Understanding this requires knowing fire’s nature. The key ingredients for a fire are heat, fuel, and oxygen. Remove any one, and the fire stops. Sound waves can stop a fire by pushing oxygen molecules away from the fuel, preventing the fire from getting the air it needs to continue its burning reaction. Geoff Bruder, an engineer who previously researched energy at NASA, co-founded Sonic Fire Tech (Sonic for short) to build a machine for this purpose. He explains that the device vibrates the oxygen faster than the fuel can use it, which effectively blocks the chemical reaction. The company has successfully demonstrated fire control from distances up to 25 feet away. Using sound waves to fight fires isn’t a brand-new concept. US research agencies and universities have studied the method for over a decade. However, Albert Simeoni, a fire protection expert, points out the real challenge: scaling up the technology without creating damaging sound effects. Sonic solves this challenge by using infrasound (次声). Unlike previous efforts using 30 — 60 hertz waves, Sonic stays at or below 20 hertz. Therefore, these waves are inaudible (听不见的) to people and travel farther than higher-frequency waves. This technology is practical because homes often catch fire from embers entering roof openings. Sonic’s system uses a device powered by an electric motor to create sound waves, which travel through metal pipes installed on the roof and under its edges. The system activates automatically when sensors detect a flame, creating a kind of force field of infrasound to stop it. Experts note that sound waves generally work best on small flames. Nevertheless, homeowners and public-service companies are eager to try it. Sonic is working with two California companies to demonstrate its technology, and aims to have 50 pilot installations by early 2026. 1．How did the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By describing a scene. B．By listing numbers. C．By making a comparison. D．By introducing a concept. 2．What is the key to sound waves putting out a fire according to the text? A．Removing the burning material physically. B．Keeping oxygen away from the burning fuel. C．Reducing the surrounding temperature rapidly. D．Lowering the temperature of the flames directly. 3．What can be inferred about Sonic Fire Tech’s use of infrasound? A．It pioneers the use of sound to fight fires. B．It is designed to produce audible fire alarms. C．It significantly lowers the cost of firefighting. D．It fixes a key problem in earlier sound methods. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The growing threat of wildfires in the suburbs. B．An innovative sound technology for firefighting. C．The science behind putting out fires with sound. D．A comparison between sound and water for fire control. Passage 9 The Fahai Temple, located at the southern foot of Cuiwei Mountain in the Shijingshan district of Beijing, houses Ming Dynasty frescoes (壁画) dating back nearly 600 years. Today, a brand-new Fahai Temple Mural Art Center has been built at the foot of the mountain. “By using digital modern technology, valuable digital resources have been created, allowing the inactive frescoes to come to life,” said Liu Xiaobo, the art center’s curator. First built in 1439, the Fahai Temple is known as one of the “three major frescoes in China” together with the frescoes found in Dunhuang and Yongle Palace. “The frescoes depict 77 figures, including ordinary people, Buddhas and bodhisattvas, each with different postures and expressions,” said Liu. With the fall of Ming Dynasty, the prosperity of the Fahai Temple too came to an abrupt end. However, in recent years, the development of a high-tech industry featuring creativity services and digital technology has given the Shijingshan district government more confidence in the digital display of frescoes. At the exhibition of Fahai Temple Mural Art Center, the original mural paintings are displayed on a 4K HD screen, presenting them at their actual size. Each of the 77 figures is portrayed with thorough attention to detail using 3D modeling at the pixel (像素) level. The facial details of Water-moon Avalokitesvara, one of the most representative figures on the frescoes of Fahai Temple, are hard to make out in dim conditions. However, after using 3D modeling, the figure’s face, which measures over 3 meters tall, can be seen clearly on the 4K HD screen at the mural hall of the art center. “Through technological means, we can zoom in on them to show specific details and introduce the content of the frescoes item by item, offering the audience ample time to understand the frescoes,” Liu explained. 1．What can we know about the Fahai Temple frescoes? A．They were built during the Qing Dynasty. B．They are among China’s three major frescoes. C．There are altogether 77 Buddhas in the frescoes. D．They remained prosperous in the Ming Dynasty. 2．Why is 3D modeling used for the frescoes? A．To reduce the actual size of the figures. B．To make the figures move like real ones. C．To change the facial expressions of the figures. D．To show the details more clearly and completely. 3．What does the underlined word “zoom in on” probably mean? A．Enlarge B．Decorate C．Restore D．Appreciate 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The long history of the Fahai Temple. B．Ways to appreciate the Fahai Temple frescoes. C．The introduction of three great Chinese frescoes. D．Application of digital technology to ancient frescoes. Passage 10 Doctors in London have taken a major step forward in medical science by helping children born blind to see again through the use of gene therapy. The treatment was designed for a rare inherited eye condition that affects the retina — the part of the eye responsible for transforming light into signals the brain can understand. The children in the treatment group suffered from a severe form of retinal dystrophy (营养不良) caused by a faulty gene. This fault meant that the light-sensing cells in their eyes could not function properly. As a result, these children were legally classified as blind, even though some could still tell light from dark. In the new procedure, surgeons injected (注射) a healthy copy of the faulty gene into one eye during a keyhole operation that lasted about an hour. The gene was carried safely inside a harmless virus and placed precisely in the light-sensitive layer of the retina. The goal was to help damaged cells recover their ability to respond to light. After the operation, researchers monitored the children’s progress for several years. The results were published in a respected medical journal. Many families reported remarkable improvements. One parent said that before the treatment, his son could not notice bright objects even when they were held just inches from his face. After the operation, the boy began to reach for toys and recognize people at a short distance. He even reacted to sunlight shining through a window — the first time he had shown any response to light. According to James Bainbridge, a senior retinal specialist involved in the work, the therapy not only helps the eye cells to work better but also encourages the brain to interpret visual signals more effectively. Although further research is still needed to confirm long-term safety, the future of gene treatment for visual disorders is bright with the potential to revolutionize treatment options and bring new hope to those living with visual disabilities. 1．What can we learn about the faulty gene? A．It makes the light-sensing cells perform poorly. B．It prevents people distinguishing light from dark. C．It affects how the brain transforms the light signals. D．It causes severe damage to the outer part of the eyes. 2．Why is the treatment described as “a major step forward”? A．It shortens the time needed for eye surgery. B．It removes a harmful virus from the patients’ eyes. C．It intends to cure the most common retinal diseases. D．It helps address a certain eye problem at its root. 3．Why does the author mention the father and his son in paragraph 4? A．To present the fact. B．To prove the effect. C．To predict the trend. D．To explain the theory. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of this treatment? A．Favorable. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. Passage 11 On a snowy morning in Stockholm, the Candela C-8 looks like a standard speedboat. Once it picks up speed, something extraordinary happens: the hull (船体) lifts entirely out of the water, “flying” half a meter above the surface. This is the new generation of electric hydrofoils (水翼船). They are ideal for urban transport, says Gustav Hasselskog, the founder of Candela technology company. They are quiet, emission-free and cheap to run — the C-8’s cost per mile is about 5% of that of a traditional speedboat. In many cities, to reduce the disturbance caused by large waves, boats are usually speed-limited. Hydrofoils, however, cause almost no wake and thus travel faster. Hasselskog believes they could reshape urban transport by shifting traffic from blocked roads to underused waterways, which he terms “blue highways”. The Candela C-8 is supported by three thin, red struts (支柱), which are linked to two underwater wings that turn forward motion into lift. By lifting the hull out of the water, the boat reduces drag by as much as 80 percent, saving a huge amount of energy. Sensors around the boat measure waves and control systems adjust the wings 100 times a second, providing such a solid, smooth ride that the boat feels as though it is on rails. The power needed to drive a hydrofoil varies directly with its mass, so minimizing a hull’s overall weight is also of importance. The wings must be small enough to reduce drag and strong enough to bear the boat’s weight. The solution is to borrow from aerospace and motor racing, and use carbon fiber. As for motors, Candela now has a partnership with makers of electric vehicles, allowing electric boats to use standard fast-chargers designed for cars. The potential impact is significant with nearly half of the world’s population living in coastal regions where cities are often stuck in traffic. While large traditional public boats will still be needed for heavy routes, on short passenger-only routes in cities, electric hydrofoils may be about to take off. 1．What does Gustav Hasselskog expect the Candela C-8 to do? A．Boost coastal tourism. B．Remodel urban traffic. C．Lower travel expenses. D．Promote road building. 2．Which part of the Candela C-8 plays a vital role in its high energy efficiency? A．Its type of drive. B．Its power source. C．Its control systems. D．Its underwater wings. 3．What does the author think of the large traditional public boats? A．They are out of date. B．They show huge potential. C．They are irreplaceable. D．They need to be improved. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Electric Hydrofoils: A New Solution to City Traffic B．Traditional Speedboats: Features and Cost Analysis C．The Candela C-8: Reshaping Heavy-route Transport D．Carbon Fiber: Equipping the Candela C-8 with Wings Passage 12 Imagine a place where sunlight never reaches, the water pressure could flatten a car, and the temperature swings from near-freezing to extreme hot within meters. This is the world of hydrothermal openings-leaks in the ocean floor where superheated, mineral-rich water erupts into the freezing deep sea. For decades, scientists believed nothing could live in such severe conditions. But in 1977, a team aboard the submarine Alvin made a shocking discovery: these seemingly lifeless places were actually filled with creatures. Among them were large mussels (贻贝) unlike any seen before. These mussels presented a puzzle. How could they survive in total darkness, far from the sunlight that powers almost all life on Earth’s surface? Through further study, scientists discover how these mussels team up with bacteria to prosper in one of Earth’s most extreme environments. The answer lies inside their bodies. Unlike most marine animals that must hunt food from the water, these mussels host billions of bacteria within their gills (鳃). The bacteria perform a process, using chemicals from outlet water currents rather than sunlight to produce food for the mussels. It’s a perfect partnership: the mussels provide a safe home for the bacteria and in return the bacteria feed their hosts. This mutualistic relationship has allowed the mussels to become “double stars” of the deep sea, successfully occupying not only hydrothermal outlets but also another extreme habitat: cold leaks, where methane (甲烷) gas slowly pops up from the seafloor. Remarkably, scientists have found that about 20 percent of the species living at openings and leaks are shared between these two very different environments. Today, researchers continue to explore these unique ecosystems using advanced submarines like China’s “Fendouzhe”, which has discovered new deep-sea communities in the Mariana Trench. Each dive reveals more about how life has adapted to Earth’s most extreme places-and what these adaptations might teach us about the possibilities of life elsewhere in the universe. 1．What did scientists think the deep sea was like decades ago? A．Purely dark and lifeless. B．Full of diverse creatures. C．Similar to ocean surface. D．Rich in mineral resources. 2．What sustains the mussels’ survival? A．Bacteria in their gills. B．Food floating in the water. C．Extreme water pressure. D．Sunlight beneath the surface. 3．Why does the author mention China’s “Fendouzhe”? A．To compare it with Alvin. B．To introduce a new concept. C．To show ongoing exploration. D．To praise Chinese technology. 4．What is the main focus of the text? A．Deep-sea exploring technology. B．The discovery of methane leaks. C．Extreme environments on Earth. D．Life’s adaptation in severe habitats. Passage 13 Fatigue management (疲劳管理) is vital for everyone, and staying alert when needed requires more than just good, consistent sleep. Think of moments like feeling sleepy while driving or fighting sleep in a boring class — our usual fixes, such as walking around, drinking coffee or standing at the back of a room, are only quick short-term solutions. However, for those whose jobs involve missions or off-cycle work that prevent adequate sleep, more tailored strategies are necessary. This raises the question: Can sleep extension help when you know you’ll need to stay awake for a long time? Sleep banking, the practice of extending sleep hours in the nights before a known period of sleep deprivation (剥夺), has gained increasing attention. In 2009, an Army study compared people who got their regular hours of sleep for a week to a group that spent 10 hours in bed during those same nights. This was followed by 3 nights of only 3 hours of time in bed allowed for both groups. Surprisingly, the group that had “banked” sleep, performed better on a measure of alertness during the sleep restricted time period and recovered faster from the sleep deprivation. A more recent study also found that a week of sleep extension improved quick decision-making during a 40-hour total sleep deprivation task involving emotional stimuli and attentional distraction. Despite supporting evidence, there are also arguments against the theory. One concern is simply that humans are not designed to sleep when they don’t need sleep, thus from the perspective of physiological instinct (本能), the notion of banking does not make sense. Another is that the observed improvements may come from resolving sleep debt which itself boosts cognition and wakefulness rather than sleep banking. Currently, we don’t have a definitive answer to “Can you bank sleep?” But there is clear benefit to sleep extension before planned deprivation. While the mechanism remains unproven, either sleep banking or resolving sleep debt through pre-deprivation extension appears to help individuals perform better during deprivation and recover more quickly afterward. 1．What is the effect of common ways to fight sleepiness? A．They bring long-term comfort. B．They relieve temporary fatigue. C．They help to tackle tough tasks. D．They remove boredom in class. 2．What is the shared finding of the two studies? A．Mild sleep shortage facilitates decision-making. B．Sleep extension increases the degree of alertness. C．Sleep banking contributes to mental reactions. D．Sleepiness results from attentional distraction. 3．Why is the sleep banking theory being questioned? A．It goes against biological sense. B．It disturbs human cognition. C．It overstates the actual impact. D．It doesn’t pay people’s sleep debt. 4．Before which of the following activities can we bank sleep? A．Seeing a doctor. B．Taking a daily quiz. C．Joining in a triathlon. D．Attending a meeting. Passage 14 For decades, high grades, early medals, or strong test scores are often seen as signs of future greatness. Talent programs frequently select top-performing children and push them into intensive, single-discipline training from a young age. However, this approach may be flawed. A team led by Arne Güllich, professor of University Kaiserslautern Landau, found these assumptions didn’t match how most world-class performers actually developed. Earlier research mainly studied young or sub-elite (亚精英) performers, such as school students, youth athletes, and conservatory musicians. What was missing was a close look at adults who reached the highest level in their fields. “Traditional research into giftedness and expertise didn’t sufficiently consider how world-class performers at peak performance age developed in their early years,” said Güllich. Given all this, a new international research team was formed. The team reanalyzed data from massive earlier studies, bringing together evidence from different fields for the first time. In total, they examined the developmental paths of 34,839 top performers. This group included Nobel Prize winners in science, Olympic medalists, excellent chess players, etc. The researchers found early success didn’t reliably predict later greatness. First, individuals who performed best at a young age were usually not the same people who later reached the world-class level. Second, future top performers tended to not stand out early, and many weren’t among the best in their age group. Third, those who eventually reached peak performance explored multiple areas early in life. According to the researchers, trying different disciplines helps individuals discover what truly fits them best over time, and that varied experiences build stronger learning skills, making it easier to improve later at the highest level. “Those who find an optimal (最适宜的) discipline for themselves and develop enhanced potential for long-term learning have improved chances of developing world-class performance,” said Güllich. “Thus, to support young talent, don’t make them specialize in just one discipline too early,” said Güllich. “Provide opportunities to pursue different areas of interest, and support development in two or three disciplines.” A young person might enjoy both mathematics and languages, or philosophy and geography. Looking ahead, these insights could help design better approaches to talent development. 1．What does the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Confusing. B．Unattractive. C．Discouraging. D．Unsound. 2．What is the uniqueness of the new study compared to previous research? A．The focus on comprehensive data. B．The massive financial investment. C．The dependence on technology. D．The cooperation between countries. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Ways to choose disciplines. B．The power of early variety. C．The qualities of top performers. D．The applications of the findings. 4．What did Güllich think was the most important about approaches to talent development? A．Creativity. B．Resistance. C．Flexibility. D．Sustainability. Passage 15 What happens when humans rely too much on artificial intelligence (AI) to write for them? A new study by researchers from a coalition (联盟) of West Coast universities suggests that heavy use of AI writing tools may not just change how people write, but also what they say and how they think. The research evaluation used responses from 100 participants who had to write essays about the relationship between money and happiness. Researchers discovered that study participants who depended on large language models (LLMs) for their work produced results which showed major differences from the outcomes of those who used no artificial intelligence. Participants who depended heavily on AI were 69% more likely to give neutral answers compared to others. People who created written work without AI tools showed higher degrees of personal judgement than those who used AI tools. The research demonstrated that AI-generated content showed more formal style while it lacked emotional depth. The results which University of Washington computer science professor Natasha Jaques studied demonstrate an underlying issue that extends beyond the current findings. The LLMs create a force which drives essay writing away from any standard which a human writer would create, according to her observation that she used to describe the effect which makes writing dull. Heavy AI users produced essays which were less personal because they used general expressions instead of specific personal details. Many participants also admitted their work felt less creative and less like their own voice, even though their satisfaction with the final output remained similar. Researchers observed that AI editing tools produce larger editing results than human editors. AI systems perform extensive text rewrites which change original text meaning instead of making minor text corrections. The discovery establishes fundamental research enquiries regarding artificial intelligence’s future impact on human communication and artistic expression. According to Florida State University Computational Linguistics Professor Thomas Juzek, the study demonstrates how AI tools provide more capabilities than basic grammar assessment. 1．How were heavy AI users different from non-AI users in their writing? A．They held clearer subjective judgments in content. B．Their works contained richer emotional messages. C．Their writings lacked individual characteristics. D．They preferred detailed and personal descriptions. 2．What is Natasha Jaques’ attitude toward LLMs? A．Appreciative. B．Concerned. C．Indifferent. D．Confused. 3．What do we know about AI editing tools from the text? A．They may change writers’ original ideas. B．They mainly focus on small grammar mistakes. C．They are not as professional as human editors. D．They rarely make large-scale revisions to articles. 4．Which of the following statements would Juzek agree with? A．AI reduces research workload. B．Human editing remains irreplaceable. C．Neutral writing benefits readers. D．AI tools have more potential functions. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $