精品解析：广东省中山纪念中学2025-2026学年高一下学期英语科中段考试题

中山纪念中学2028届高一下学期英语科中段考试题 本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Can’t find the perfect bike to suit all your needs? Join us for our Build-Your-Own Bike Workshop and create one for yourself! Our committed trainers will take you through step-by-step instructions in this 5-day workshop to guide you in building your own bike. This workshop will not only provide a satisfying hands-on experience but will also expand your knowledge of bike parts, how they work and how to repair them. Gear up for an enriching time! Date: 2-6 May 2025 Time: 9 a.m.-12 p.m. daily course Course Fees: $500 per participant (参与者) (Fees include: all bike parts; instruction sheets; trainer fees) Limited to 6 participants to ensure you get the attention you need. 10% Early Bird Discount For Sign-ups Before 1 April. Membership gives you an additional cash discount of $30. Sign up now at www.urbanbikeshop.com for the ultimate build-your-own bike experience! What Urban Bike Shop is all about We are the go-to platform for cyclists to shop for bike parts and build their own bikes. Additionally, our platform links you to the various bike retailers (零售商) so you can shop for bikes and bike parts more easily. Our Vision To promote the joy of cycling and serve as a platform where cyclists can set fitness goals, achieve them, and be rewarded for their efforts. We hope to connect cyclists and inspire them to share their experiences with our year-long events. 1. What can participants do in the workshop? A. Improve fitness through cycling. B. Produce bike parts by hand. C. Gain the knowledge of building bikes. D. Master the skills of being a trainer. 2. How much should an Urban Bike Shop member pay for registration in March? A. $420. B. $450. C. $470. D. $500. 3. What is Urban Bike Shop’s long-term goal? A. To create a sharing platform for cyclists. B. To provide free services of repairing bikes. C. To attract as many bike retailers as possible. D. To make high-quality bikes more accessible. B In 1998, British adventurer Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of transport, which was ambitious. What he didn’t know then was that the journey he thought would take eight years would turn into a remarkable 27-year trek (跋涉) across continents, oceans and history. Now, after walking 36,000 miles, surviving the attack of polar bears, swimming across seas, and solving countless visa problems, the 56-year-old adventurer is eventually on the home stretch. Bushby began his adventure in Punta Arenas, Chile, trekking north through South and North America, finally reaching Alaska. In 2006, he attempted one of the most dangerous legs of the journey: crossing the frozen Bering Strait into Siberia. Armed with a gun to scare off polar bears and forced to leap between moving blocks of ice, he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done. His challenges didn’t stop there. Last year, when he couldn’t safely travel through a European country, he took on a new challenge — swimming across the Caspian Sea. With a support team and co-swimmer Angela Maxwell, Bushby spent 31 days completing the 179-mile crossing, swimming a total of 132 hours. After reaching Azerbaijan, he continued through Turkey, and now stands less than 2,000 miles from home. He hopes to recenter Europe this summer and walk into Hull by September 2026. Returning home after nearly three decades, he admits, will feel unrealistic. He left when he was 29. He will return at 58. He says reuniting with family will mean “getting to know each other again”. Bushby walks an average of 30km a day and rests wherever he can find shelter. His mission, called the Goliath Expedition, has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global health incident, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. And the world is cheering him on as he enters the final chapter of one of the most extraordinary human endurance journeys ever attempted. 4. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Through the most familiar areas. B. Returning home by transport. C. At the final stage of the journey. D. Facing the most dangerous part. 5. Why did Bushby swim across the Caspian Sea? A. To shorten the distance. B. To avoid possible risks. C. To set a new world record. D. To test his physical limits. 6. What does Bushby mean by saying “getting to know each other again” in paragraph 4? A. He feels regretful for traveling. B. He has changed beyond recognition. C. He feels awkward to see his family. D. He needs to rebuild family connection. 7. Which of the following can best describe Bushby? A. Crazy and creative. B. Energetic and inflexible. C. Strong-willed and determined. D. Courageous and considerate. C With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere. Venus has been described as “Earth’s evil twin” — similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more livable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever had life as we know it. Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma (岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised (结晶), meaning the planet’s interior (内部) would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt, “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet. Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release (释放物) reflects an equally dry Venusian interior,” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the idea that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate. Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin. 8. What is the finding of the recent research? A. Venus is about to blow up. B. Venus was unlikely to support life. C. Venus is Earth’s similar twin. D. Venus was more habitable than thought. 9. What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research? A. Its study methods. B. Its research steps. C. Its possible impacts. D. Its basic principles. 10. How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion? A. By studying changes of water content. B. By measuring the interior water directly. C. By comparing interior and surface water. D. By examining the quality of interior water. 11. What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou? A. Carry out more fly-bys. B. Conduct Venus observations. C. Identify the approaching threats. D. Narrow down astronomers’ search. D “The opposite of play isn’t work; it’s depression (抑郁),” says play researcher Stuart Brown.“The adult-play shortage is becoming a public health crisis.” Play may appear insignificant, but recent studies indicate it may be as essential as the need for sleep. Playfulness helps some young animals learn to master their bodies and their environments — and once they do, most stop playing as adults. “Adult play promotes qualities that we humans could use more of,” says Jeff Harry, a play consultant. Unfortunately, social standards hold back our urge to let loose. “Being a playful adult is really disapproved in our society,” he says. “You don’t want people to think that you’ re childish.” “It hasn’t always been this way,” says Peter Gray, a play researcher at Boston University. When Gray reviewed descriptions of the last remaining hunter-gatherer tribes, he noticed that they were often described as “good-humored” and “joyful”. “What we would call work — hunting and gathering — was fun,” he says. “Generally speaking we like to do the things that are necessary for our survival. Humans took one giant step away from fun when we started planting crops. Then we invented factories and lost sight of play entirely,” Gray adds. We may be able to change this situation, says Harry. As we fully make the transition to a knowledge-based economy, work and play are beginning to coexist again. Some of today’s most successful companies were started by people tinkering (小修补) in their garages. “Play is all about looking at a tough world with creativity and optimism.” Brown says. He goes so far as to declare that “adult play is necessary for our survival as a species”. The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say, “I am not wasting time, or acting immature. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity. You’ re welcome.” 12. Why does Stuart Brown consider adult play important? A. It promotes creativity. B. It improves sleep quality. C. It encourages cooperation. D. It provides health benefits. 13. What social factor prevents adult play according to Jeff Harry? A. Lack of enough time for relaxation. B. Fear of negative views from others. C. Cultural impact on personal values. D. Pressure from work-related activities. 14. Which statement will Peter Gray agree with according to Paragraph 3? A. Adult play contributes positively to work. B. Industrialization closely connected work and play. C. Humans originally found joy in survival activities. D. Humans had more fun when we started planting crops. 15. What is the text mainly about? A. Playfulness still matters to adults today. B. Depression can be a result of adult play. C. Playfulness is necessary in modern businesses. D. Social changes disconnect adult work and play. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Survive a High-Rise Fire Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue. ___16___ An unexpected fire alarm will be scary, but panicking won’t help. Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. ___17___ If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit. Be sure to close all the doors behind you, so you don’t give the fire more oxygen to keep burning. ___18___ Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe. If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door. ___19___ Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building. ___20___ But don’t break it, and don’t jump. You’ll likely have better chances of survival waiting calmly inside for help to arrive. A. Then feel the door to your unit. B. You can open the window wide and ask for help. C. Run as fast as possible while passing through smoke. D. Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible. E. And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death. F. And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out. G. You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2024, a father and his son set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman (铁人三项) competition. Jeff, 59, and son, Johnny, 28, weren’t the typical ____21____. Johnny is disabled and Jeff would ____22____ his arms and legs. To ____23____ the competition, athletes must complete a(n) ____24____ 140 miles of swimming, bicycling and running within 17 hours. “I wanted to ____25____ his dreams,” Jeff said. “I started doing things I never would have dreamt possible.” Finishing the Ironman competition would be another dream come true. The race began with a 2.4-mile swim in the Choptank River. The ____26____ completed the swim in 90 minutes, and completed the difficult bike part in eight hours, then set their sights on the ____27____ leg of the race — a 26.2-mile marathon with Jeff ____28____ Johnny in the racing chair. They’d been racing for 5 hours, leaving another 3 hours to make their time. But at mile 19, Jeff began to worry, convinced they were going too slow. Somehow he ____29____ the energy to pick up the pace. With 15 minutes left and 200 feet to the finish line, Jeff stopped to help Johnny out of his racing chair. In the first decade of his life, Johnny could only walk 23 steps. ____30____, after years of painstaking work, he ____31____ his step number and was determined to finish his races on his own. Johnny saw the clock ticking down and ____32____ they wouldn’t complete it. “Not because I wouldn’t get my moment,” he says, “but because Dad had worked so hard.” After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35 seconds — with just four minutes and 25 seconds to ____33____ — father and son crossed the finish line together. As the crowd cheered on an excited Johnny, a(n) ____34____ Jeff kept a low profile (保持低调). “He didn’t want his finish line moment,” says Johnny. “He wanted it to be ____35____.” 21. A. competitors B. coaches C. leaders D. experts 22. A. make up B. act as C. work out D. watch over 23. A. regard B. demand C. finish D. start 24. A. familiar B. easy C. common D. tough 25. A. ruin B. dream C. abandon D. achieve 26. A. twins B. pair C. team D. group 27. A. first B. final C. second D. middle 28. A. lifting B. pushing C. carrying D. kicking 29. A. saved B. showed C. gathered D. sweated 30. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise 31. A. decreased B. counted C. increased D. changed 32. A. worried B. excited. C. delighted D. disappointed 33. A. save B. spend C. spare D. breathe 34. A. healthy B. strong C. energetic D. tired 35. A. his B. theirs C. yours D. mine 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Advertising ___36___ (refer) to the activity of promoting a product or service. It has become part of our modern life. Advertising has always been closely linked with the mass media. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement can also create a desire to buy, thus ___37___ (increase) business. That is ___38___ when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often starts a mass media advertising campaign. Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways ___39___ persuading people into buying their products or services. A common way to make an impact is to create ___40___ memorable slogan, which uses simple but impressive language ___41___ (make) people remember the product or service. Another way advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to a “brand ambassador”. Moreover, some advertisements such as product placement ___42___ (be) not so obvious. We absorb the marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they ___43___(probable) have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. In the future, advertising will be more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific ___44___ (need). Not only will this make them feel ____45____ (valued), but it will also help companies target their customers more successfully. 第三部分 写作(共四节，满分40分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 分析下列句子成分，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。 46. Inspired, / he / asked / his fans / to make videos, / which he then joined together into one performance. A. 定语+主+谓+宾+宾补+定语从句 B. 状语+主+谓+宾+宾补+定语从句 C. 定语+主+谓+宾+状语+宾语从句 D. 状语+主+谓+宾+状语+宾语从句 47. His friends/ tried/ to help him/ through his dark times,/ but/ his life/ became/ marked / by sadness. A. 主+谓+宾语+状+连词 but+主+谓+宾+状 B. 主+谓+宾语+状+连词 but+主+系+表+状 C. 主+谓+目的状语+状+连词 but+主+谓+宾+状 D. 主+谓+目的状语+状+连词 but+主+系+表+状 48. They / allow / visitors / who have never been to China / to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand. A. 主+谓+宾+宾语从句+伴随状语 B. 主+谓+宾+宾语从句+目的状语 C. 主+谓+宾+定语从句+宾语补足语 D. 主+谓+宾+定语从句+目的状语 49. He/ crashed into/ the stone,/ spilling the milk everywhere. A. 主语+谓语+宾语+结果状语 B. 主语+谓语+状语+伴随状语 C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 D. 主语+系动词+表语+后置定语 50. I/ walked around / looking at the street art/ for a few hours. A. 主+谓+原因状语+时间状语 B. 主+谓+方式状语+时间状语 C. 主+谓+伴随状语+时间状语 D. 主+谓+结果状语+时间状语 第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 51. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills ________ (dot) with sheep and cattle. （所给词的适当形式填空） 52. Music gave me strength and brought me ______ (relieve). （所给词的适当形式填空） 53. Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of ________ (satisfy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 54. These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ________ carried her through a life of hard choices. (用适当的词填空) 55. There are so many beautiful old buildings — many ________ (sit) on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第三节(共2小题;每小题5分，满分10分) 根据提示，用英语完成句子翻译。 56. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家纷纷利用各种庆典活动获利。网上购物平台和社交媒体应用让大众更容易为爱的人花钱购买礼物。（commercial，take advantage of，social media apps）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 虚拟合唱团让他们能够将自己的声音融入其他个体的声音之中，并成为全球社群的一部分。事实证明，它对许多人的生活产生了积极影响。(virtual choir, enable, prove) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第四节书面表达(共1小题，满分20分) 58. 假定你是李华，你校英语社拟设立“音乐角”，现向学生征集活动方案，请你给负责此项工作的外教Mr. Brown写邮件投稿，主要内容包括： 1. 阐述方案； 2. 说明理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Brown, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 中山纪念中学2028届高一下学期英语科中段考试题 本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Can’t find the perfect bike to suit all your needs? Join us for our Build-Your-Own Bike Workshop and create one for yourself! Our committed trainers will take you through step-by-step instructions in this 5-day workshop to guide you in building your own bike. This workshop will not only provide a satisfying hands-on experience but will also expand your knowledge of bike parts, how they work and how to repair them. Gear up for an enriching time! Date: 2-6 May 2025 Time: 9 a.m.-12 p.m. daily course Course Fees: $500 per participant (参与者) (Fees include: all bike parts; instruction sheets; trainer fees) Limited to 6 participants to ensure you get the attention you need. 10% Early Bird Discount For Sign-ups Before 1 April. Membership gives you an additional cash discount of $30. Sign up now at www.urbanbikeshop.com for the ultimate build-your-own bike experience! What Urban Bike Shop is all about We are the go-to platform for cyclists to shop for bike parts and build their own bikes. Additionally, our platform links you to the various bike retailers (零售商) so you can shop for bikes and bike parts more easily. Our Vision To promote the joy of cycling and serve as a platform where cyclists can set fitness goals, achieve them, and be rewarded for their efforts. We hope to connect cyclists and inspire them to share their experiences with our year-long events. 1. What can participants do in the workshop? A. Improve fitness through cycling. B. Produce bike parts by hand. C. Gain the knowledge of building bikes. D. Master the skills of being a trainer. 2. How much should an Urban Bike Shop member pay for registration in March? A. $420. B. $450. C. $470. D. $500. 3. What is Urban Bike Shop’s long-term goal? A. To create a sharing platform for cyclists. B. To provide free services of repairing bikes. C. To attract as many bike retailers as possible. D. To make high-quality bikes more accessible. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍自制自行车研习班的课程安排、费用优惠，同时介绍该车行经营宗旨与未来发展愿景。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This workshop will not only provide a satisfying hands-on experience but will also expand your knowledge of bike parts, how they work and how to repair them.(这个研习班不仅能带来充实的实操体验，还能扩充学员关于自行车零件、运作原理以及维修方面的知识。)”可知，参与者能够学到组装自行车相关知识。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Course Fees部分中“$500 per participant; 10% Early Bird Discount For Sign-ups Before 1 April. Membership gives you an additional cash discount of $30.(每人报名费五百美元；四月一日前报名享受九折优惠，会员还可再减免三十美元)”可知，500*10%为折后价450美元，再减去会员优惠30美元后为420美元。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We hope to connect cyclists and inspire them to share their experiences with our year-long events. (我们希望联结骑行爱好者，借助全年各类活动鼓励大家彼此分享骑行经验。)”可知，该车行的长远目标是打造骑行爱好者的经验交流分享平台。 B In 1998, British adventurer Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of transport, which was ambitious. What he didn’t know then was that the journey he thought would take eight years would turn into a remarkable 27-year trek (跋涉) across continents, oceans and history. Now, after walking 36,000 miles, surviving the attack of polar bears, swimming across seas, and solving countless visa problems, the 56-year-old adventurer is eventually on the home stretch. Bushby began his adventure in Punta Arenas, Chile, trekking north through South and North America, finally reaching Alaska. In 2006, he attempted one of the most dangerous legs of the journey: crossing the frozen Bering Strait into Siberia. Armed with a gun to scare off polar bears and forced to leap between moving blocks of ice, he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done. His challenges didn’t stop there. Last year, when he couldn’t safely travel through a European country, he took on a new challenge — swimming across the Caspian Sea. With a support team and co-swimmer Angela Maxwell, Bushby spent 31 days completing the 179-mile crossing, swimming a total of 132 hours. After reaching Azerbaijan, he continued through Turkey, and now stands less than 2,000 miles from home. He hopes to recenter Europe this summer and walk into Hull by September 2026. Returning home after nearly three decades, he admits, will feel unrealistic. He left when he was 29. He will return at 58. He says reuniting with family will mean “getting to know each other again”. Bushby walks an average of 30km a day and rests wherever he can find shelter. His mission, called the Goliath Expedition, has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global health incident, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. And the world is cheering him on as he enters the final chapter of one of the most extraordinary human endurance journeys ever attempted. 4. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Through the most familiar areas. B. Returning home by transport. C. At the final stage of the journey. D. Facing the most dangerous part. 5. Why did Bushby swim across the Caspian Sea? A. To shorten the distance. B. To avoid possible risks. C. To set a new world record. D. To test his physical limits. 6. What does Bushby mean by saying “getting to know each other again” in paragraph 4? A. He feels regretful for traveling. B. He has changed beyond recognition. C. He feels awkward to see his family. D. He needs to rebuild family connection. 7. Which of the following can best describe Bushby? A. Crazy and creative. B. Energetic and inflexible. C. Strong-willed and determined. D. Courageous and considerate. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】主要说明了英国探险家立志纯徒步从智利走回英国，原定8年却耗时27年，闯过极地、横渡海域，克服诸多磨难，如今临近终点，凭借坚韧意志即将圆梦。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Now, after walking 36,000 miles, surviving the attack of polar bears, swimming across seas, and solving countless visa problems(如今，在经历了36000英里的跋涉、在北极熊的袭击中幸存下来、游过洋以及解决了无数的签证问题之后)”以及第四段中“now stands less than 2,000 miles from home(现在离家乡不到2000英里)”可知，在经历了36000英里的跋涉、在北极熊的袭击中幸存下来、横渡海洋以及克服了无数签证方面的阻碍之后，距离家乡不到2000英里，说明“the 56-year-old adventurer is eventually on the home stretch.(这位56岁的冒险家终于on the home stretch)”是指56岁的冒险家卡尔•布什比（Karl Bushby）来到了旅程的最后阶段，故“on the home stretch”指“旅程的最后阶段”。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Last year, when he couldn’t safely travel through a European country, he took on a new challenge — swimming across the Caspian Sea. (去年，由于无法安全地穿越某个欧洲国家，他便迎难而上，尝试了新的挑战——游过里海。)”可知，他游过里海是为了避开潜在风险。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Returning home after nearly three decades, he admits, will feel unrealistic. He left when he was 29. He will return at 58. He says reuniting with family will mean “getting to know each other again”.(将近三十年后重返家乡，他承认这种想法听起来有些不切实际。他当时29岁就离开了。而如今他58岁才回来。他说与家人团聚意味着“重新了解彼此”)”可知，他离开家近30年，与家人隔阂较深，需要重建家庭联系，因此布什比说“getting to know each other again”的意思是他需要重建家庭联系。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, after walking 36,000 miles, surviving the attack of polar bears, swimming across seas, and solving countless visa problems, the 56-year-old adventurer is eventually on the home stretch.(如今，这位56岁的探险家已经走了36000英里，经历了北极熊的袭击、横渡海洋的艰难历程，并克服了无数签证方面的阻碍，终于即将抵达终点)”以及文章讲述的Bushby的旅程从计划8年延长至27年，克服北极熊袭击、签证问题、游泳穿越里海等诸多困难，始终坚持，体现了“坚持不懈、意志坚定”。 C With a surface hot enough to melt lead in its atmosphere. Venus has been described as “Earth’s evil twin” — similar in size, yet worlds apart. The question of whether Venus was ever habitable has long been a hot topic among scientists. Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more livable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever had life as we know it. Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma (岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised (结晶), meaning the planet’s interior (内部) would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt, “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet. Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. In other words, volcanic eruptions are “dry”. “The shortage of water in volcanic release (释放物) reflects an equally dry Venusian interior,” said Constantinou. The team announced that their findings did not support the idea that Venus had surface oceans of water in its past, or a habitable climate. Their conclusion could soon be tested. Later this decade, NASA is set to launch a mission to carry out fly-bys of Venus. Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin. 8. What is the finding of the recent research? A. Venus is about to blow up. B. Venus was unlikely to support life. C. Venus is Earth’s similar twin. D. Venus was more habitable than thought. 9. What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about concerning the research? A. Its study methods. B. Its research steps. C. Its possible impacts. D. Its basic principles. 10. How did Constantinou and his colleagues draw their conclusion? A. By studying changes of water content. B. By measuring the interior water directly. C. By comparing interior and surface water. D. By examining the quality of interior water. 11. What can the finding be used to do according to Constantinou? A. Carry out more fly-bys. B. Conduct Venus observations. C. Identify the approaching threats. D. Narrow down astronomers’ search. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】主要说明了金星虽与地球大小相似却环境恶劣，其是否宜居存争议。剑桥大学康斯坦丁努团队研究发现，金星内部缺水、火山喷发“干燥”，不支持其曾有地表水和宜居气候的说法，NASA未来探测或验证结论。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some astronomers believe the planet was once much more livable, but a recent research by Tereza Constantinou, a PhD student from the University of Cambridge, has now dealt a blow to the idea that it ever had life as we know it. (一些天文学家认为，这颗行星曾经的环境更为适宜居住，但剑桥大学的博士生特蕾莎·康斯坦丁努最近的一项研究却给这一观点泼了一盆冷水，即该行星曾经确实存在过我们所理解的生命形式。)”可知，最近的研究得出的结论是金星不太可能存在生命。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Constantinou noted that early in the formation of Venus, the planet was covered in a vast sea of magma (岩浆). If this cooled quickly, water would form oceans or be trapped as it crystallised (结晶), meaning the planet’s interior (内部) would be water-rich. As a result, water would be released when volcanoes erupt, “If you look at any photos of volcanism on Earth, you can see these large clouds coming out. Most of that is water,” said Constantinou. But if the magma cooled slowly, water would have ended up as steam in the atmosphere. In this situation, water would not be trapped inside the interior of the planet. (康斯坦丁努指出，在金星形成之初，其表面覆盖着一片巨大的岩浆海洋。如果岩浆迅速冷却，水就会形成海洋或者在结晶过程中被封存起来，这意味着金星的内部会富含水分。因此，当火山喷发时，水就会被释放出来。“如果你看过地球上的火山活动的照片，就会看到这些巨大的云团喷出。其中大部分就是水。”康斯坦丁努说道。但如果岩浆冷却缓慢，水就会在大气中变成蒸汽。在这种情况下，水就不会被困在金星的内部了。)”可知，第二段主要是关于这项研究的理论基础。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Constantinou and his colleagues studied changes in the Venusian atmosphere to cast light on the water content of its interior. When they analysed the amount of substances being refilled, they found very little water was being added. (康斯坦丁努及其团队研究了金星大气层的变化，以探究其内部的含水量情况。在分析物质补充量的过程中，他们发现实际上并没有多少水被补充进来。)”可知，康斯坦丁努和他的同事们通过分析水分含量的变化情况得出他们的结论。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Constantinou said resolving the question could help astronomers rule out Venus as a habitable planet now that the dry interior of Venus suggests it never has the oceans of liquid water traditionally thought necessary for life to begin. (康斯坦丁努表示，解决这一问题有助于天文学家排除金星作为宜居行星的可能性。因为金星内部干燥，这表明金星从未拥有过传统上认为是生命起源所必需的液态水海洋。)”可知，根据康斯坦丁努的观点，这一发现可以用于缩小天文学家的搜索范围。 D “The opposite of play isn’t work; it’s depression (抑郁),” says play researcher Stuart Brown.“The adult-play shortage is becoming a public health crisis.” Play may appear insignificant, but recent studies indicate it may be as essential as the need for sleep. Playfulness helps some young animals learn to master their bodies and their environments — and once they do, most stop playing as adults. “Adult play promotes qualities that we humans could use more of,” says Jeff Harry, a play consultant. Unfortunately, social standards hold back our urge to let loose. “Being a playful adult is really disapproved in our society,” he says. “You don’t want people to think that you’ re childish.” “It hasn’t always been this way,” says Peter Gray, a play researcher at Boston University. When Gray reviewed descriptions of the last remaining hunter-gatherer tribes, he noticed that they were often described as “good-humored” and “joyful”. “What we would call work — hunting and gathering — was fun,” he says. “Generally speaking we like to do the things that are necessary for our survival. Humans took one giant step away from fun when we started planting crops. Then we invented factories and lost sight of play entirely,” Gray adds. We may be able to change this situation, says Harry. As we fully make the transition to a knowledge-based economy, work and play are beginning to coexist again. Some of today’s most successful companies were started by people tinkering (小修补) in their garages. “Play is all about looking at a tough world with creativity and optimism.” Brown says. He goes so far as to declare that “adult play is necessary for our survival as a species”. The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say, “I am not wasting time, or acting immature. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity. You’ re welcome.” 12. Why does Stuart Brown consider adult play important? A. It promotes creativity. B. It improves sleep quality. C. It encourages cooperation. D. It provides health benefits. 13. What social factor prevents adult play according to Jeff Harry? A. Lack of enough time for relaxation. B. Fear of negative views from others. C. Cultural impact on personal values. D. Pressure from work-related activities. 14. Which statement will Peter Gray agree with according to Paragraph 3? A. Adult play contributes positively to work. B. Industrialization closely connected work and play. C. Humans originally found joy in survival activities. D. Humans had more fun when we started planting crops. 15. What is the text mainly about? A. Playfulness still matters to adults today. B. Depression can be a result of adult play. C. Playfulness is necessary in modern businesses. D. Social changes disconnect adult work and play. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了研究表明玩乐对成年人至关重要，关乎身心健康。受世俗观念影响成人很少玩乐，远古人类劳作充满乐趣，如今新时代下工作与玩乐正渐渐相融。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中““The opposite of play isn’t work; it’s depression (抑郁),” says play researcher Stuart Brown.“The adult-play shortage is becoming a public health crisis.” Play may appear insignificant, but recent studies indicate it may be as essential as the need for sleep.( “玩耍的对立面不是工作，而是抑郁。”游戏研究专家斯图尔特·布朗如是说。“成年人对玩耍的缺失正演变成一场公共健康危机。”游戏看似微不足道，但最近的研究表明，它可能与睡眠需求一样重要。)”可知，斯图尔特·布朗认为成人玩耍很重要是因为它有益于健康。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段““Adult play promotes qualities that we humans could use more of,” says Jeff Harry, a play consultant. Unfortunately, social standards hold back our urge to let loose. “Being a playful adult is really disapproved in our society,” he says. “You don’t want people to think that you’ re childish.”(“成年人的玩耍活动能够培养出我们人类更需要的品质，”游戏顾问杰夫·哈里说道。不幸的是，社会标准阻碍了我们释放天性的冲动。“在我们的社会中，做一个爱玩的成年人是极不被认可的，”他说，“你不想让人们认为你幼稚。”)”可知，根据杰夫·哈里的观点，阻碍成人玩耍的核心社会因素是害怕他人的负面评价。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When Gray reviewed descriptions of the last remaining hunter-gatherer tribes, he noticed that they were often described as “good-humored” and “joyful”. “What we would call work — hunting and gathering — was fun,” he says. “Generally speaking we like to do the things that are necessary for our survival. Humans took one giant step away from fun when we started planting crops. Then we invented factories and lost sight of play entirely,” Gray adds.( 当格雷回顾了最后一些狩猎采集部落的描述时，他注意到这些部落常常被描述为“性格开朗”和“充满欢乐”的。“我们所说的‘工作’——狩猎和采集——其实是有趣的，”他说。“总的来说，我们喜欢做那些对我们的生存至关重要的事情。当人类开始种植庄稼时，我们与乐趣的距离就拉大了一大步。”“后来我们发明了工厂，完全忽略了玩耍的存在，”格雷补充道。)”可推知，人类最初在生存活动中就能找到快乐。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇就提出核心观点 —— 成人玩耍短缺是公共健康危机，玩耍对成年人至关重要；接着分析了成人玩耍被抑制的社会原因和历史根源；最后指出玩耍的意义和未来趋势。全文始终围绕“玩耍对当代成年人仍然重要”这一中心展开由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是“对今天的成年人来说，玩耍仍然很重要”。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Survive a High-Rise Fire Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue. ___16___ An unexpected fire alarm will be scary, but panicking won’t help. Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. ___17___ If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit. Be sure to close all the doors behind you, so you don’t give the fire more oxygen to keep burning. ___18___ Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe. If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door. ___19___ Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building. ___20___ But don’t break it, and don’t jump. You’ll likely have better chances of survival waiting calmly inside for help to arrive. A. Then feel the door to your unit. B. You can open the window wide and ask for help. C. Run as fast as possible while passing through smoke. D. Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible. E. And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death. F. And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out. G. You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window. 【答案】16. E 17. A 18. D 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍高层火灾自救方法：被困后保持冷静，摸门温判断是否逃生并随手关门，防烟匍匐捂口鼻，无法逃生则堵门阻烟，报警报位置并挂布求救，切勿砸窗跳楼。 【16题详解】 前文“Saving trapped people on upper floors in high-rise buildings is a challenge for the fire department as fire truck ladders only reach a maximum of 33m. If trapped, you need to wait a while for rescue.( 在高层建筑中营救被困在高层的人员对消防部门来说是一项挑战，因为消防车的云梯最大只能伸展到 33 米的高度。如果被困，你需要等待一段时间才能得到救援。)”提到高层火灾中消防车云梯有限，被困后需等待救援，空白处衔接等待救援的这段时间的重要性。E项“And what you do during that time can be truly life-or-death.( 而你在这段时间的所作所为可能关乎生死。)”，承接“等待救援”的语境，突出后续自救方法的必要性，承上启下逻辑紧密。故选E项。 【17题详解】 前文“Stay calm, and try to figure out where the fire happen. (保持冷静，试着找出火灾发生的地点。)”说要冷静判断火灾位置，后文“If it is cool, you should be able to leave for the nearest exit.( 如果门是凉的，你应该能够前往最近的出口离开。)”提到“如果门是凉的，就可以前往最近的出口”，空白处需填判断门温的动作。A 项“Then feel the door to your unit.( 然后摸一下你房间的门。)”，衔接“判断火灾位置”的动作，且与后文“门凉则可离开”的场景直接呼应，是火灾自救的常规操作。故选A项。 【18题详解】 后文“Smoke inhalation (吸入) is the leading cause of death in fires. If you have to pass through smoke, make sure you crawl (匍匐前行) your way on all fours and cover your mouth and nose with your shirt to help filter (过滤) out the smoke as you breathe.( 吸入烟雾是火灾中导致死亡的主要原因。如果你必须穿过烟雾，一定要趴在地上爬行，并用衬衫捂住口鼻，以便在呼吸时过滤掉烟雾。)”核心讲“烟雾吸入是火灾致死的主要原因”，并给出匍匐前行、捂住口鼻的防烟方法，空白处需为该段主旨句。D项“Try to avoid breathing in smoke as much as possible.( 尽量避免吸入烟雾。)”，精准概括本段核心——防烟自救，引出后文具体的防烟措施，贴合段落主旨。故选D项。 【19题详解】 前文“If it’s too dangerous to leave your apartment, you’ re still going to need to protect yourself against smoke coming in. Get to an area where you can close the door.( 如果离开你的公寓太危险了，你仍然需要保护自己不让烟雾进入。找到一个可以关闭门的地方。)”说若无法离开公寓，需找能关门的区域阻挡烟雾进入，空白处需填具体的阻烟方法。F项“And place wet towels or cloths under doors to help keep the smoke out.( 并在门下放湿毛巾或布来阻挡烟雾进入.)”，是关门后阻烟的经典自救动作，承接前文“防烟”的核心需求，细节匹配。故选F项。 【20题详解】 前文“Once you’ve done that, you should call the fire department, and report your exact location in the building.( 一旦完成了上述操作，您就应该拨打消防部门的电话，并准确告知所在建筑物的具体位置。)”说要拨打消防电话报告具体位置，后文“But don’t break it, and don’t jump.( 但请不要破坏它，也不要跳下去。)”提到“但不要砸窗、不要跳楼，留在室内等待救援”，空白处需填合理的求救方式。G项“You can also signal by hanging a light-colored cloth out of your window.( 你还可以通过从窗户悬挂一块浅色的布发求救信号。)”是无接触、安全的视觉求救方式 ，与“报告位置”的求救行为形成并列补充，符合语境。故选G项。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。 In 2024, a father and his son set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman (铁人三项) competition. Jeff, 59, and son, Johnny, 28, weren’t the typical ____21____. Johnny is disabled and Jeff would ____22____ his arms and legs. To ____23____ the competition, athletes must complete a(n) ____24____ 140 miles of swimming, bicycling and running within 17 hours. “I wanted to ____25____ his dreams,” Jeff said. “I started doing things I never would have dreamt possible.” Finishing the Ironman competition would be another dream come true. The race began with a 2.4-mile swim in the Choptank River. The ____26____ completed the swim in 90 minutes, and completed the difficult bike part in eight hours, then set their sights on the ____27____ leg of the race — a 26.2-mile marathon with Jeff ____28____ Johnny in the racing chair. They’d been racing for 5 hours, leaving another 3 hours to make their time. But at mile 19, Jeff began to worry, convinced they were going too slow. Somehow he ____29____ the energy to pick up the pace. With 15 minutes left and 200 feet to the finish line, Jeff stopped to help Johnny out of his racing chair. In the first decade of his life, Johnny could only walk 23 steps. ____30____, after years of painstaking work, he ____31____ his step number and was determined to finish his races on his own. Johnny saw the clock ticking down and ____32____ they wouldn’t complete it. “Not because I wouldn’t get my moment,” he says, “but because Dad had worked so hard.” After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35 seconds — with just four minutes and 25 seconds to ____33____ — father and son crossed the finish line together. As the crowd cheered on an excited Johnny, a(n) ____34____ Jeff kept a low profile (保持低调). “He didn’t want his finish line moment,” says Johnny. “He wanted it to be ____35____.” 21. A. competitors B. coaches C. leaders D. experts 22. A. make up B. act as C. work out D. watch over 23. A. regard B. demand C. finish D. start 24. A. familiar B. easy C. common D. tough 25. A. ruin B. dream C. abandon D. achieve 26. A. twins B. pair C. team D. group 27. A. first B. final C. second D. middle 28. A. lifting B. pushing C. carrying D. kicking 29. A. saved B. showed C. gathered D. sweated 30. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Otherwise 31. A. decreased B. counted C. increased D. changed 32. A. worried B. excited. C. delighted D. disappointed 33. A. save B. spend C. spare D. breathe 34. A. healthy B. strong C. energetic D. tired 35. A. his B. theirs C. yours D. mine 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了59岁杰夫的儿子——约翰尼是残疾人，为了实现儿子完成铁人三项的梦想，杰夫推着坐在轮椅上的儿子一起完成了比赛的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：59岁的杰夫和28岁的儿子约翰尼并非典型的参赛者。A. competitors参赛者；B. coaches 教练；C. leaders 领导者；D. experts 专家。根据上文“In 2024, a father and his son set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman (铁人三项) competition.”以及语境可知，前文明确提到父子二人参加铁人三项比赛，competitors对应“参与竞赛的人”，符合语境。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：约翰尼身患残疾，杰夫将充当他的手脚。A. make up编造；B. act as充当、作为；C. work out锻炼；D. watch over照看。根据上文“Johnny is disabled”可知，因约翰尼残疾，杰夫需要代替他完成肢体相关的运动动作，act as体现“承担某种角色或功能”，符合语境。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要完成这项比赛，运动员必须在17小时内完成140英里的游泳、自行车和跑步项目。A. regard认为；B. demand要求；C. finish完成；D. start开始。根据下文“within 17 hours”以及语境可知，这是完成比赛的时间限制，finish对应“达成比赛目标”，符合语境。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要完成这项比赛，运动员必须在17小时内完成艰巨的140英里游泳、自行车和跑步项目。A. familiar熟悉的；B. easy容易的；C. common普通的；D. tough艰巨的。根据下文“140 miles of swimming, bicycling and running within 17 hours”以及语境可知，140英里的赛程且有17小时的时间限制，难度极大，tough符合“艰难、有挑战性”的语境。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想帮他实现梦想，”杰夫说。A. ruin摧毁；B. dream梦想；C. abandon放弃；D. achieve实现。根据下文“another dream come true”可知，杰夫的目的是帮助儿子实现梦想，achieve与dream搭配，符合语境。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对父子搭档用90分钟完成了游泳项目。A. twins双胞胎；B. pair搭档、一对；C. team团队；D. group群体。根据上文“In 2024, a father and his son set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman (铁人三项) competition”可知，杰夫和约翰尼是父子组合，两人共同参赛，pair强调“两个人搭档”，符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后将目标投向比赛的最后一个项目——26.2英里的马拉松。A. first第一的；B. final最后的；C. second第二的；D. middle中间的。根据上文“140 miles of swimming, bicycling and running within 17 hours”以及语境可知，铁人三项包括游泳、自行车、跑步，前文已完成前两项，跑步是最后一项，final符合“顺序收尾”的语境。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰夫推着轮椅上的约翰尼完成26.2英里的马拉松。A. lifting举起；B. pushing推；C. carrying搬运；D. kicking踢。根据下文“racing chair”可知，约翰尼坐在轮椅上，杰夫需要推动轮椅前进，pushing符合场景。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，他凝聚力量加快了速度。A. saved节省；B. showed展示；C. gathered聚集、凝聚；D. sweated出汗。根据上文“they were going too slow”以及“  the energy to pick up the pace”以及语境可知，面对“太慢”的担忧，杰夫需要集中精力提速，gathered体现“汇集能量”，符合语境。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，经过多年的刻苦训练，他的步数增加了，并且决心自己完成比赛。A. However然而；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“Johnny could only walk 23 steps”可知，前文提到约翰尼早年只能走23步，后文说他能自己完成比赛，前后形成转折，However符合语境。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经过多年的刻苦训练，他的步数增加了，并且决心自己完成比赛。A. decreased减少；B. counted计数；C. increased增加；D. changed改变。根据上文“Johnny could only walk 23 steps”以及后文可知，从“只能走23步”到“自己完成比赛”，说明他的行走能力提升，步数增加，increased符合语境。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：约翰尼看着时间流逝，担心他们无法完成比赛。A. worried担心的；B. excited兴奋的；C. delighted高兴的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“the clock ticking down”和下文“wouldn’t complete it”可知，他因时间紧张而担忧，worried符合语境。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用时16小时55分35秒——仅剩4分25秒的剩余时间——父子俩一起冲过了终点线。A. save节省；B. spend花费；C. spare剩余、留出；D. breathe呼吸。根据上文“with just four minutes and 25 seconds”以及语境可知，比赛时限17小时，他们用时接近时限，剩余时间不多，spare表示“剩余的、未用完的”，符合语境。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人群为兴奋的约翰尼欢呼时，疲惫的杰夫保持着低调。A. healthy健康的；B. strong强壮的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. tired疲惫的。根据上文“father and son crossed the finish line together”以及语境可知，经过近17小时的高强度比赛，杰夫必然身心俱疲，tired符合“长时间运动后的状态”。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：“他不想拥有自己的终点时刻，”约翰尼说，“他想让这一刻属于我。”A. his他的；B. theirs他们的；C. yours你的；D. mine我的。结合前文杰夫帮助约翰尼实现梦想，以及“keep a low profile”可知，杰夫希望焦点在儿子身上，mine指代约翰尼自己，符合语境。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Advertising ___36___ (refer) to the activity of promoting a product or service. It has become part of our modern life. Advertising has always been closely linked with the mass media. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement can also create a desire to buy, thus ___37___ (increase) business. That is ___38___ when a company wants to promote a product or service, it often starts a mass media advertising campaign. Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways ___39___ persuading people into buying their products or services. A common way to make an impact is to create ___40___ memorable slogan, which uses simple but impressive language ___41___ (make) people remember the product or service. Another way advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to a “brand ambassador”. Moreover, some advertisements such as product placement ___42___ (be) not so obvious. We absorb the marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they ___43___(probable) have an effect on us the next time we go shopping. In the future, advertising will be more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific ___44___ (need). Not only will this make them feel ____45____ (valued), but it will also help companies target their customers more successfully. 【答案】36. refers 37. increasing 38. why 39. of 40. a 41. to make 42. are 43. probably 44. needs 45. more valued 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍广告的定义、广告与大众传媒的联系、常见的广告宣传方式以及未来广告行业的发展趋势。 【36题详解】 考查时态。句意：广告指的是推销产品或服务的活动。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观定义，用一般现在时，主语Advertising不可数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式refers。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一则成功的广告除了能让人们了解产品或服务外，还能激发人们的购买欲望，进而提升经营业绩。此处为非谓语动词作状语，increase与前面整件事之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词increasing。 【38题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是当一家公司想要推广产品或服务时，往往会开展大众媒体广告宣传活动的原因。此处引导表语从句，固定句式that is why意为“这就是……的原因”，所以用连接副词why。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：基于激发购买欲望背后的心理原理，广告商研究出了种种有效说服人们购买其产品或服务的方法。固定搭配ways of doing sth.意为“做某事的方法”，所以此处为介词of。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：打造影响力的常用方式是创作朗朗上口的宣传标语，这类标语运用简洁又亮眼的语言，让人们记住相关产品或服务。slogan为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，结合句意，此处表示一句标语，为泛指，且memorable是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：打造影响力的常用方式是创作朗朗上口的宣传标语，这类标语运用简洁又亮眼的语言，让人们记住相关产品或服务。此处用非谓语动词作状语，用来体现使用这类语言的目的，所以此处使用动词不定式形式to make作目的状语。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：此外，像植入式广告这类广告形式并没有那么显眼。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语some advertisements为复数，所以谓语动词为are。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们下意识地接收各类营销信息，不曾多加思索，但这些信息很可能会在我们下次购物时对我们产生影响。此处修饰动词have，需用副词作状语，probable的副词形式为probably意为“可能”。 【44题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：未来的广告行业将更侧重于了解个体消费者，并向他们推送贴合其特定需求的定制化广告。need表示需求时为可数名词，此处表示各类具体需求，需用复数形式needs。 【45题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这不仅会让消费者感受到更多重视，也能帮助企业更成功地锁定客户。结合语境和下文“more successfully”可知，此处暗含对比含义，用形容词比较级more valued作宾语补足语。 第三部分 写作(共四节，满分40分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 分析下列句子成分，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。 46. Inspired, / he / asked / his fans / to make videos, / which he then joined together into one performance. A. 定语+主+谓+宾+宾补+定语从句 B. 状语+主+谓+宾+宾补+定语从句 C. 定语+主+谓+宾+状语+宾语从句 D. 状语+主+谓+宾+状语+宾语从句 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：受到启发，他要求他的粉丝们制作视频，然后他把这些视频拼接成一个表演。Inspired为过去分词作状语，表示主语的状态或原因；he为句子主语；asked为谓语动词；his fans为宾语；to make videos为动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.；which he then joined together into one performance为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词videos。因此，该句的结构为“状语+主+谓+宾+宾补+定语从句”。 47. His friends/ tried/ to help him/ through his dark times,/ but/ his life/ became/ marked / by sadness. A. 主+谓+宾语+状+连词 but+主+谓+宾+状 B. 主+谓+宾语+状+连词 but+主+系+表+状 C. 主+谓+目的状语+状+连词 but+主+谓+宾+状 D. 主+谓+目的状语+状+连词 but+主+系+表+状 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：他的朋友们试图帮助他度过黑暗的时期，但他的生活变得充满了悲伤。这是一个由but连接的并列句。在前半句“His friends tried to help him through his dark times”中，His friends作主语，tried作谓语，to help him作宾语，through his dark times是介词短语作状语；在后半句his life became marked by sadness中，his life作主语，became是连系动词（作系语），marked是过去分词作表语，by sadness是介词短语作状语。 48. They / allow / visitors / who have never been to China / to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand. A. 主+谓+宾+宾语从句+伴随状语 B. 主+谓+宾+宾语从句+目的状语 C. 主+谓+宾+定语从句+宾语补足语 D. 主+谓+宾+定语从句+目的状语 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：他们允许从未到过中国的游客亲身体验中国传统文化。本句中，They作主语；allow作谓语；visitors作宾语；who have never been to China是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词visitors；to experience traditional Chinese culture first hand作宾语补足语，构成allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）的固定搭配，即该句结构为“主+谓+宾+定语从句+宾语补足语”。 49. He/ crashed into/ the stone,/ spilling the milk everywhere. A. 主语+谓语+宾语+结果状语 B. 主语+谓语+状语+伴随状语 C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 D. 主语+系动词+表语+后置定语 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他撞到了石头上，把牛奶洒得到处都是。句中He作主语；crashed into为动词短语，整体作谓语；the stone作宾语；spilling the milk everywhere为现在分词短语，表示撞到石头后自然而然产生的结果，在句中作结果状语。 50. I/ walked around / looking at the street art/ for a few hours. A. 主+谓+原因状语+时间状语 B. 主+谓+方式状语+时间状语 C. 主+谓+伴随状语+时间状语 D. 主+谓+结果状语+时间状语 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我四处走动，看了几个小时的街头艺术。句中I作主语，walked around作谓语，looking at the street art为现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示与谓语动作同时发生，for a few hours为介词短语作时间状语。 第二节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 51. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills ________ (dot) with sheep and cattle. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】dotted 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“翡翠岛”宁静的风景和许多绿色的郡县真是一场视觉盛宴，绵延的绿色山丘上点缀着牛羊。with复合结构中，its rolling green hills和dot之间是被动关系，所以此处用dot的过去分词形式dotted作宾语补足语。故填dotted。 52. Music gave me strength and brought me ______ (relieve). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】relief 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：音乐给了我力量，给了我解脱。空处应填提示词的名词形式relief“解脱”作brought的直接宾语，该词不可数。故填relief。 53. Moreover, music gave me hope and a sense of ________ (satisfy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】satisfaction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，音乐给了我希望和满足感。设空处作宾语，填名词satisfaction“满足”，不可数。故填satisfaction。 54. These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ________ carried her through a life of hard choices. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】句意：林巧稚医生的这些话语让我们得以深入了解这位非凡女性的内心世界，以及支撑她走过充满艰难抉择的一生的究竟是什么力量。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what。 55. There are so many beautiful old buildings — many ________ (sit) on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sitting 【解析】 【详解】句意：这里有许多精美的古老建筑——其中许多建在高高的山丘之上，从那里可以饱览城市、大海以及金门大桥的美景。此处为独立主格结构，且many与sit构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。 第三节(共2小题;每小题5分，满分10分) 根据提示，用英语完成句子翻译。 56. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家纷纷利用各种庆典活动获利。网上购物平台和社交媒体应用让大众更容易为爱的人花钱购买礼物。（commercial，take advantage of，social media apps）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations to make profits. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，第一句描述当下正在发生的变化，使用现在进行时，表示“节日”为festivals作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“正变得”为are becoming作谓语，表示“越来越商业化”为more and more commercial作表语，表示“商家纷纷利用各种庆典活动获利”可使用“with+宾语+宾补”结构作状语，表示“商家”为businesses作with的宾语，表示“利用”为固定短语take advantage of，与宾语之间为主动关系，此处用现在分词形式taking advantage of作宾补，表示“各种庆典活动”为the celebrations作介词of的宾语，表示“获利”为to make profits，使用不定式短语作目的状语，所以第一句翻译为Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations；第二句陈述已然形成的现状，全句使用现在完成时，表示“网上购物平台”为online shopping websites，表示“社交媒体应用”为social media apps，两者为并列主语，使用and连接，位于句首单词首字母需大写，表示“让大众更容易为爱的人花钱购买礼物”可使用固定句型“make it+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”，it作形式宾语，真正宾语为后方不定式结构，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为have made，表示“容易得多”为much easier作宾补，much用来修饰比较级加强语气，表示“大众”为the public作介词for的宾语，表示“为爱的人花钱购买礼物”为不定式结构to spend more on gifts for their loved ones作真正宾语，所以第二句翻译为Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones。 57. 虚拟合唱团让他们能够将自己的声音融入其他个体的声音之中，并成为全球社群的一部分。事实证明，它对许多人的生活产生了积极影响。(virtual choir, enable, prove) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people. 【解析】 【详解】表示“虚拟合唱团”用a virtual choir，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“让他们能够”用enable them to，句子陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语a virtual choir为第三人称单数，谓语用enables。表示“将自己的声音融入其他个体的声音之中”用add their voices to those of other individuals，to后接动词原形。表示“成为全球社群的一部分”用become part of the global community，与add并列。表示“事实证明”用It has proved to be，强调到目前为止的结果，用现在完成时，谓语用has proved。表示“对……产生积极影响”用a positive influence on，作be的表语。表示“许多人的生活”用the lives of many people，作介词on的宾语。 第四节书面表达(共1小题，满分20分) 58. 假定你是李华，你校英语社拟设立“音乐角”，现向学生征集活动方案，请你给负责此项工作的外教Mr. Brown写邮件投稿，主要内容包括： 1. 阐述方案； 2. 说明理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Brown, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mr. Brown, Learning that our club aims to establish a “Music Corner”, I am writing to outline my proposal. My plan is to organize a “Weekly Talent Stage”, which provides students with a valuable opportunity to perform various types of music, ranging from classical piano compositions to modern hip-hop. Volunteers can also try out their original songs or introduce favorite albums. This proposal is recommended because being absorbed in music serves as a wonderful cure for academic anxiety, enabling us to get through stressful study periods. Much to our relief, it will surely bring about a positive state of mind and a great sense of satisfaction. I would appreciate it if you could take my proposal into consideration. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给负责“音乐角”征集活动方案工作的外教Mr. Brown写邮件投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 打算：aim to → intend to 建立：establish → set up 作为：serve as → work as 肯定：surely → certainly 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Much to our relief, it will surely bring about a positive state of mind and a great sense of satisfaction. 拓展句：What greatly relieves us is that it will surely bring about a positive state of mind and a great sense of satisfaction. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning that our club aims to establish a “Music Corner”, I am writing to outline my proposal. (运用了现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】This proposal is recommended because being absorbed in music serves as a wonderful cure for academic anxiety, enabling us to get through stressful study periods. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句以及现在分词enabling作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $