热点话题05 阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔逝世（阅读理解专练）英语高考复习通用版

**基本信息** 以太空探索热点为载体，构建“阅读输入-词汇积累-综合应用”的递进训练体系，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文精读|1篇原创阅读+10个词汇训练|聚焦人物事迹，设细节理解、词义猜测题；词汇训练结合语境|以洛弗尔生平为线索，通过阅读提炼核心信息，关联课标词汇在航天主题中的应用| |好题精练|3篇阅读+1篇7选5+1篇完形+1篇语法填空|涵盖高考常见题型，围绕中外航天人物与事件，考查推理判断、篇章结构等|从单一人物拓展到航天探索多维度，形成“个体案例-群体精神-科学挑战”的认知逻辑链|

热点话题05阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔逝世 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔逝世 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.kidsnews.com.au/space/potential-earthlike-planet-discovered-150-light-years-away/news-story/b49d33f58868d8d48bb152ee4bde166d Space veteran and heroic Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell has died at the age of 97. The American legend passed away peacefully on August 7, in Lake Forest, Illinois, with NASA leading tributes for the “unforgettable astronaut”, The Sun reported. The proud Cleveland native was one of NASA’s most travelled astronauts, as he went to space a remarkable four times. He was on board Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8 and Apollo 13. It was Captain Lovell who uttered the immortal words, “Houston, we have a problem” during the Apollo 13 mission. The expression entered popular culture and is still used informally to describe a sudden crisis. Capt Lovell was hailed a hero after he managed to prevent a tragedy when disaster struck the three-man space crew during Apollo 13’s journey. In April 1970, the spacecraft’s service module experienced a sudden oxygen tank explosion on its way to the moon. Capt Lovell and fellow astronauts Jack Swigert and Fred Haise were plunged into darkness after the blast as the world watched on in dismay. The astronauts survived despite spending four cold days stranded 200,000 miles (over 320,000km) from Earth. In a nailbiting string of events, the astronauts’ only option was to cram into a lunar lander to attempt the gruelling journey back to Earth, guided by mission controllers. Captain Lovell was just 42 years old at the time and the world’s most-travelled astronaut. The journey was supposed to see Capt Lovell become the fifth man to walk on the moon but sadly he never set foot on the lunar surface. Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy also paid tribute to Capt Lovell. “NASA sends its condolences to the family of Capt. Jim Lovell, whose life and work inspired millions of people across the decades,” Mr Duffy said. “Jim’s character and steadfast courage helped our nation reach the moon and turned a potential tragedy into a success from which we learned an enormous amount. “We mourn his passing even as we celebrate his achievements. 【原创·阅读理解】(332words) 1.Why was Capt Lovell awarded a hero？ A.Because he went to space four times. B.Because he was on board Apollo 8. C.Because he once landed on the moon. D.Because he prevented a tragedy during Apollo 13. 2.What was the critical measure taken by the astronauts to survive after the oxygen tank explosion on Apollo 13? A. They repaired the service module immediately in space. B. They called for help from other spacecraft nearby. C. They moved into the lunar lander to return to Earth. D. They waited for rescue teams to reach their location. 3.The phrase "nail-biting string of events" in the text probably means ________. A. a series of painful medical procedures B. a sequence of extremely tense and anxious moments C. a long period of boring and repetitive tasks D. a quick and easy solution to the crisis 4.Which words can best describe Capt Lovell best? A.bold and clever B.knowledgeable and frightened C.creative and stubborn D.calm and courageous 【课标词汇积累】 1.veteran n. 经验丰富的人，老兵；退伍军人 As a veteran member of the school debate team, Sarah offered valuable advice to the new recruits on how to structure their arguments. 作为学校辩论队的资深成员，莎拉就如何构建论点向新队员提供了宝贵的建议。 2.legend n. 传说；传奇人物；铭文；图例 Our physics teacher often tells us the legend of Newton and the apple to inspire our curiosity about science. 我们的物理老师经常给我们讲牛顿和苹果的传说，以激发我们对科学的好奇心。 3.unforgettable adj. 难忘的；铭刻肺腑的 The school art festival was an unforgettable experience because we performed our original play on stage for the first time. 学校艺术节是一次难忘的经历，因为我们要第一次在舞台上表演原创话剧。 4.remarkable adj. 异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的 It is remarkable how quickly the study group solved the complex chemistry problem together. 学习小组如此迅速地共同解决了这个复杂的化学问题，真是令人瞩目。 5.immortal adj. 不死的；永恒的，不朽的；神的；流芳百世的n. 神仙；流芳百世的人；不朽的作家 Shakespeare’s plays are considered immortal works of literature that we still study in high school today. 莎士比亚的戏剧被视为不朽的文学作品，我们至今仍在高中学习它们。 6.dismay v. 使惊愕；使焦虑；使失望n. 惊恐；焦虑；哀伤 To his dismay, John realized he had left his homework notebook at home just before the teacher collected it. 令约翰沮丧的是，就在老师收作业之前，他意识到自己把作业本忘在家里了。 7.tribute n. 致敬；悼念；贡品；体现 Writing a heartfelt letter is a simple yet powerful tribute to your mentors who guided you through high school. 写一封发自内心的信，是对指引你度过高中生活的导师们简单而有力的致敬。 8.potential adj. 潜在的n. 潜力；可能性 Group projects allow every student to discover their hidden potential in leadership or creative thinking. 小组项目让每个学生都能发现自己在领导力或创造性思维方面的隐藏潜力。 9.steadfast adj. 坚定的；固定的；不动摇的；不变的 Despite the heavy workload, Lisa remained steadfast in her goal to get into her dream university. 尽管课业繁重，丽莎进入理想大学的目标依然坚定不动摇。 10.condolence n. 吊唁，慰唁 Learning how to offer condolence appropriately is an important part of developing emotional intelligence in high school. 学习如何恰当地表达慰问是高中阶段培养情商的重要组成部分。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The ____________ teacher knew exactly how to calm the nervous students before the final exam. 这位经验丰富的老师确切地知道如何在期末考试前安抚紧张的学生。 2.To the freshmen, the senior who scored 100 points in a single basketball game is already a campus ____________. 对新生来说，那位在一场篮球比赛中独得100分的高年级学生已经是校园传奇了。 3.Receiving the "Best Progress" award was an ____________ moment that boosted my confidence in learning math. 获得“最佳进步奖”是一个难忘的时刻，它增强了我学习数学的信心。 4.Tom has made ____________ progress in English pronunciation after practicing with the app every day for a month. 经过每天使用应用程序练习一个月后，汤姆在英语发音方面取得了显著的进步。 5.The spirit of teamwork displayed during the sports meeting will remain ____________ in our class memory. 运动会上展现的团队精神将永远铭刻在我们班级的记忆中。 6.The students looked at the difficult exam paper with ____________, wondering if they had studied the right chapters. 学生们看着艰难的试卷，感到十分惊慌，想知道自己是否复习对了章节。 7.The student council organized a charity run as a ____________ to the retiring principal who served the school for thirty years. 学生会组织了一次慈善跑，以此向为学校服务了三十年的即将退休的校长致敬。 8.Your teacher believes you have great ____________ in coding, so you should consider joining the computer club. 你的老师认为你在编程方面有很大的潜力，所以你应该考虑加入计算机俱乐部。 9.A ____________ friend is someone who supports you even when you fail a test or lose a game. 坚定的朋友是即使在你考试不及格或比赛输掉时依然支持你的人。 10.The entire class signed a card to express their sincere ____________ to Mike after his grandfather passed away. 迈克的祖父去世后，全班同学签了一张卡片，向他表达真诚的慰问。 【参考译文】 太空老将、英勇的阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔于97岁高龄逝世。 据《太阳报》报道，这位美国传奇人物于8月7日在伊利诺伊州莱克福里斯特安详离世，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）向这位“令人难忘的宇航员”致以深切哀悼。 这位来自克利夫兰的自豪之子是美国国家航空航天局（NASA）出访次数最多的宇航员之一，他曾四次进入太空，这一成就尤为非凡。 他曾乘坐过双子座7号、双子座12号、阿波罗8号和阿波罗13号航天器。 正是洛弗尔船长在阿波罗13号任务期间说了那句不朽的话：“休斯顿，我们遇到问题了。”这句话后来进入了流行文化，并至今仍被非正式地用来形容突发危机。 阿波罗13号任务途中，当三名宇航员遭遇灾难时，洛弗尔船长成功阻止了一场悲剧的发生，因此被誉为英雄。 1970年4月，该航天器的服务舱在前往月球途中遭遇氧气罐突然爆炸。 爆炸发生后，洛弗尔船长与宇航员杰克·斯威格特、弗雷德·海斯一同陷入黑暗之中，全世界都在震惊中目睹这一幕。 尽管在距离地球20万英里（超过32万公里）的太空中度过了四个寒冷的日子，宇航员们仍成功生还。 在一系列紧张刺激的事件中，宇航员们唯一的选择就是迅速登上月球着陆器，在任务控制人员的引导下，踏上艰难的返回地球之旅。 洛弗尔船长当时年仅42岁，是全球旅行次数最多的宇航员。 此次任务本应使洛弗尔船长成为第五位踏上月球表面的人，但遗憾的是他最终未能实现这一目标。 美国国家航空航天局代理局长肖恩·达菲也向洛弗尔上尉表达了敬意。 达菲先生表示：“美国国家航空航天局向吉姆·洛弗尔上尉的家人致以深切哀悼。他的生平与事业数十年来激励了全球数百万人。” 吉姆的品格与坚定不移的勇气，帮助实现了登月壮举。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·四川省成都市成都外国语学校月考）From designing spacecraft to flying in one, Wang Jie, a crew member of China’s Shenzhou-20 mission, is ready to write his chapter in the country’s space exploration. The 35-year-old’s space dream began in 2003 in a classroom in Urad Front Banner, Bayannur City of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, about 400 kilometers from the landing site of the Shenzhou-5 return capsule. His middle school teacher wrote on the blackboard about astronaut Yang Liwei’s triumphant return to Earth, which marked the completion of China’s first crewed space mission. Wang Jie watched intently, and his cosmic aspirations took root in that historic moment. Dreaming of the stars, Wang enrolled at Shenyang Aerospace University in north China to study aircraft manufacturing engineering. After earning his bachelor’s degree, he continued to study mechanics at Beihang University in Beijing. After obtaining his doctorate, Wang joined the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, devoting himself to cutting-edge spacecraft research and development. Over the years, his diligence earned him recognition as a seasoned lead designer. Selected to be a member of China’s third batch of astronauts in 2020, Wang faced great challenges. Training in the weightlessness simulation water tank for extravehicular (舱外的) activities proved especially tough for him. During the training, he had to wear an underwater training suit and use his hands to control body positioning while performing tasks like extravehicular transfers, moving on and off the robotic arm and assembling equipment. A single training session could last five to six hours, pushing his physical limits to the extreme. He pushed himself to overcome his weaknesses. He consistently put in extra effort and was often the last one to leave the physical training area. “I never dared to slack off during training and strived for every point in exams. Now, I have finally achieved my first flight, and I’m honored to contribute my efforts to advancing China’s space endeavors,” Wang said. 1．What inspired Wang’s space dream? A．An unusual space-themed class. B．A direct sighting of Shenzhou-5. C．A pioneering space achievement. D．An uplifting speech by Yang Liwei. 2．What can be inferred about Wang from paragraph 3? A．He consistently worked toward his space ambition. B．He faced many challenges on his astronaut journey. C．He played a major role in the development of CAST. D．He greatly revolutionized China’s space exploration. 3．What was difficult for Wang? A．Seeking technical solutions. B．Meeting strict physical demands. C．Grasping theoretical knowledge. D．Adapting to isolated environments. 4．What can we learn from Wang’s story? A．A bold attempt is half success. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．A good beginning makes a good ending. Passage2阅读理解 （重庆市2026届高考模拟调研卷（七））Growing up in the 60s and 70s included shared media experiences. With only a couple of TV channels to choose from, we watched world events together, and those events shaped our lives. For three days in 1972, I remember watching Gene Cernan, Ron Evans, and Harrison Schmitt spend a record-breaking 22 hours and 4 minutes conducting science experiments on the moon’s surface. After dinner on December 11, I dutifully brushed my teeth and got ready for bed. But on this night, instead of dragging myself to bed, my parents let me watch Apollo’s lunar rover (月球车). Over 500,000 people viewed the mission’s launch in person at Kennedy Space Center. To say that vision of lunar exploration fired up my young mind is an understatement. Even though there was no Canadian space program nor women astronauts, I saw myself as an explorer. To me, Gene Cernan had super-powers. He had flown into space and now moved freely on that silent satellite in the night sky. I wasn’t just fascinated by outer space. Inner space also called my name. Watching the television on Sunday nights, I wondered what it would be like to float in the depths of Jacques Cousteau’s ocean world or float upon the evening sky with birds. There are no bounds to a child’s imagination. In writing The Aquanaut,I wanted to reconnect with the joyous sense of possibility, where a young mind starts to piece together an image of what they might do when they grow older. As a seven-year old, every door was open to me, and with the right encouragement,I realized my dreams of exploring places where no human has been before. I hope The Aquanaut will encourage young readers to see the potential to pursue their curiosity and set a path forward to achieving their wildest dreams,because I know with certainty that anything is possible. 5．What does the writer’s childhood experience show? A．Family rules are always strict about bedtime. B．A single event can lastingly shape a person’s future. C．Shared TV viewing could unite people in the past. D．Children’s imagination is usually limited by reality. 6．What made the author’s childhood media experience special in the 60s and 70s? A．The shared viewing of limited TV programs. B．The personal attendance at a rocket launch. C．The availability of numerous TV channels. D．The possibility to watch TV very late every night. 7．What is the book The Aquanaut aimed at? A．Documenting historical space exploration missions. B．Sharing exciting underwater adventure stories. C．Encouraging young people to pursue their curiosity. D．Analyzing the science of oceans and outer space. 8．Why does the writer write the text? A．To explain the writing process of her new book. B．To describe the technical details of a moon landing. C．To argue for more TV programs about exploration. D．To share how a childhood inspiration led to her book. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. 4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Most people remember the excitement of receiving the first letter from their pen pal. The beauty of the letter is the anticipation (期盼), the waiting and the 1 of what is in the note. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was 2 at such a letter. Her pen pal was in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. Chen learned in June about a national campaign of writing to 3 . She drafted an outline that evening and 4 every moment of her planned journey and how she 5 got to know about astronauts and the nation’s aerospace development program. She put her passion for 6 into writing, along with her 7 and doubts about her studies and making choices in life. A three-page letter of reply arrived in a month. Shenzhou ⅩⅣ astronaut Chen Dong responded to her 8 . In the letter, he recalled how he became an astronaut. “During the practice, every inch of my skin, my cells was put under 9 pressure. It felt like my internal organs were being ‘displaced’,” he said. His strengthened 10 went on for six years. He finally 11 for the mission in space. It was his 12 that kept him going when he was feeling tired and lost, he wrote. “Life is like the 13 , which comes with different weather. It is not all sunny days. Don’t fear 14 in life…” The letter stuck in Chen’s mind. She 15 to become a researcher and hopes she can contribute to China’s aerospace development. 1．A．doubt B．puzzle C．happiness D．curiosity 2．A．worried B．surprised C．overjoyed D．disappointed 3．A．editors B．scientists C．leaders D．astronauts 4．A．detailed B．marked C．enjoyed D．analysed 5．A．luckily B．strangely C．gradually D．temporarily 6．A．travel B．space C．study D．science 7．A．desire B．excitement C．confusion D．discouragement 8．A．warmly B．casually C．impatiently D．surprisingly 9．A．light B．limited C．unbearable D．controllable 10．A．habit B．training C．disabilities D．behavior 11．A．lived B．stood C．struggled D．qualified 12．A．dream B．skill C．strength D．knowledge 13．A．sky B．sea C．journey D．research 14．A．changes B．failures C．accidents D．difficulties 15．A．hated B．determined C．hesitated D．attempted Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Three Chinese astronauts have safely returned to Earth in the recently-launched Shenzhou-21 spacecraft after their own spacecraft was declared unsafe. The three crew members were 1 (initial) scheduled to return to Earth Nov. 5, but their journey home 2 (postpone) “due to a suspected impact from tiny space debris (碎片)” to their ship. Their return was delayed for nine days, and their 204-day stay in space was the 3 (long) for any astronaut at China’s space station. After a nine-day wait, they finally headed home on the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft 4 transported the incoming crew, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). Medical teams found that the astronauts were 5 good physical condition, Chinese state media outlet CCTV reported. “The path of humanity’s 6 (explore) of space is not smooth,” Chen Dong, one of the astronauts, told journalists after emerging from the capsule. “It’s filled with difficulties and challenges. But that is exactly why we choose to walk this path.” “I’m very proud that we successfully completed the mission...We have finally made 7 home safely.” The 8 (damage) Shenzhou-20 ship had “a slight crack” in the window of its return capsule, likely caused by debris impact, 9 (make) it unsafe for the crew to return in, according to the CMSA．The ship will stay in orbit to carry out 10 (experiment) instead, the agency said. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题05阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔逝世 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔逝世 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.kidsnews.com.au/space/potential-earthlike-planet-discovered-150-light-years-away/news-story/b49d33f58868d8d48bb152ee4bde166d Space veteran and heroic Apollo 13 commander Jim Lovell has died at the age of 97. The American legend passed away peacefully on August 7, in Lake Forest, Illinois, with NASA leading tributes for the “unforgettable astronaut”, The Sun reported. The proud Cleveland native was one of NASA’s most travelled astronauts, as he went to space a remarkable four times. He was on board Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8 and Apollo 13. It was Captain Lovell who uttered the immortal words, “Houston, we have a problem” during the Apollo 13 mission. The expression entered popular culture and is still used informally to describe a sudden crisis. Capt Lovell was hailed a hero after he managed to prevent a tragedy when disaster struck the three-man space crew during Apollo 13’s journey. In April 1970, the spacecraft’s service module experienced a sudden oxygen tank explosion on its way to the moon. Capt Lovell and fellow astronauts Jack Swigert and Fred Haise were plunged into darkness after the blast as the world watched on in dismay. The astronauts survived despite spending four cold days stranded 200,000 miles (over 320,000km) from Earth. In a nailbiting string of events, the astronauts’ only option was to cram into a lunar lander to attempt the gruelling journey back to Earth, guided by mission controllers. Captain Lovell was just 42 years old at the time and the world’s most-travelled astronaut. The journey was supposed to see Capt Lovell become the fifth man to walk on the moon but sadly he never set foot on the lunar surface. Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy also paid tribute to Capt Lovell. “NASA sends its condolences to the family of Capt. Jim Lovell, whose life and work inspired millions of people across the decades,” Mr Duffy said. “Jim’s character and steadfast courage helped our nation reach the moon and turned a potential tragedy into a success from which we learned an enormous amount. “We mourn his passing even as we celebrate his achievements. 【原创·阅读理解】(332words) 1.Why was Capt Lovell awarded a hero？ A.Because he went to space four times. B.Because he was on board Apollo 8. C.Because he once landed on the moon. D.Because he prevented a tragedy during Apollo 13. D考查细节理解题。根据文章中Capt Lovell was hailed a hero after he managed to prevent a tragedy when disaster struck the three-man space crew during Apollo 13’s journey.（阿波罗13号任务途中，当三名宇航员遭遇灾难时，洛弗尔船长成功阻止了一场悲剧的发生，因此被誉为英雄。） 故选D。 2.What was the critical measure taken by the astronauts to survive after the oxygen tank explosion on Apollo 13? A. They repaired the service module immediately in space. B. They called for help from other spacecraft nearby. C. They moved into the lunar lander to return to Earth. D. They waited for rescue teams to reach their location. C细节理理解题。 根据文章倒数第三段 "the astronauts’ only option was to cram into a lunar lander to attempt the gruelling journey back to Earth"，可知他们进入登月舱返回地球是生存的关键措施。A、B、D 选项在文中均未提及或与事实不符。故选C。 3.The phrase "nail-biting string of events" in the text probably means ________. A. a series of painful medical procedures B. a sequence of extremely tense and anxious moments C. a long period of boring and repetitive tasks D. a quick and easy solution to the crisis B词义猜测题。 "Nail-biting" 字面意为“咬指甲”，常用来形容因紧张、焦虑或悬念而令人坐立不安的状态。结合上下文，宇航员在爆炸后陷入黑暗，距离地球20万英里，经历艰难旅程返回，这一过程充满了危险和不确定性，因此指的是“一系列极其紧张和令人焦虑的时刻”。 4.Which words can best describe Capt Lovell best? A.bold and clever B.knowledgeable and frightened C.creative and stubborn D.calm and courageous D考查推理判断题。根据文章中的内容可知Jim Lovell managed to prevent a tragedy when disaster struck the three-man space crew during Apollo 13’s journey.（在阿波罗13号任务途中，当三名宇航员遭遇灾难时，吉姆·洛夫尔成功避免了一场悲剧的发生。）表明他冷静、勇敢。故选D。 【课标词汇积累】 1.veteran n. 经验丰富的人，老兵；退伍军人 As a veteran member of the school debate team, Sarah offered valuable advice to the new recruits on how to structure their arguments. 作为学校辩论队的资深成员，莎拉就如何构建论点向新队员提供了宝贵的建议。 2.legend n. 传说；传奇人物；铭文；图例 Our physics teacher often tells us the legend of Newton and the apple to inspire our curiosity about science. 我们的物理老师经常给我们讲牛顿和苹果的传说，以激发我们对科学的好奇心。 3.unforgettable adj. 难忘的；铭刻肺腑的 The school art festival was an unforgettable experience because we performed our original play on stage for the first time. 学校艺术节是一次难忘的经历，因为我们要第一次在舞台上表演原创话剧。 4.remarkable adj. 异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的 It is remarkable how quickly the study group solved the complex chemistry problem together. 学习小组如此迅速地共同解决了这个复杂的化学问题，真是令人瞩目。 5.immortal adj. 不死的；永恒的，不朽的；神的；流芳百世的n. 神仙；流芳百世的人；不朽的作家 Shakespeare’s plays are considered immortal works of literature that we still study in high school today. 莎士比亚的戏剧被视为不朽的文学作品，我们至今仍在高中学习它们。 6.dismay v. 使惊愕；使焦虑；使失望n. 惊恐；焦虑；哀伤 To his dismay, John realized he had left his homework notebook at home just before the teacher collected it. 令约翰沮丧的是，就在老师收作业之前，他意识到自己把作业本忘在家里了。 7.tribute n. 致敬；悼念；贡品；体现 Writing a heartfelt letter is a simple yet powerful tribute to your mentors who guided you through high school. 写一封发自内心的信，是对指引你度过高中生活的导师们简单而有力的致敬。 8.potential adj. 潜在的n. 潜力；可能性 Group projects allow every student to discover their hidden potential in leadership or creative thinking. 小组项目让每个学生都能发现自己在领导力或创造性思维方面的隐藏潜力。 9.steadfast adj. 坚定的；固定的；不动摇的；不变的 Despite the heavy workload, Lisa remained steadfast in her goal to get into her dream university. 尽管课业繁重，丽莎进入理想大学的目标依然坚定不动摇。 10.condolence n. 吊唁，慰唁 Learning how to offer condolence appropriately is an important part of developing emotional intelligence in high school. 学习如何恰当地表达慰问是高中阶段培养情商的重要组成部分。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The ____________ teacher knew exactly how to calm the nervous students before the final exam. 这位经验丰富的老师确切地知道如何在期末考试前安抚紧张的学生。 2.To the freshmen, the senior who scored 100 points in a single basketball game is already a campus ____________. 对新生来说，那位在一场篮球比赛中独得100分的高年级学生已经是校园传奇了。 3.Receiving the "Best Progress" award was an ____________ moment that boosted my confidence in learning math. 获得“最佳进步奖”是一个难忘的时刻，它增强了我学习数学的信心。 4.Tom has made ____________ progress in English pronunciation after practicing with the app every day for a month. 经过每天使用应用程序练习一个月后，汤姆在英语发音方面取得了显著的进步。 5.The spirit of teamwork displayed during the sports meeting will remain ____________ in our class memory. 运动会上展现的团队精神将永远铭刻在我们班级的记忆中。 6.The students looked at the difficult exam paper with ____________, wondering if they had studied the right chapters. 学生们看着艰难的试卷，感到十分惊慌，想知道自己是否复习对了章节。 7.The student council organized a charity run as a ____________ to the retiring principal who served the school for thirty years. 学生会组织了一次慈善跑，以此向为学校服务了三十年的即将退休的校长致敬。 8.Your teacher believes you have great ____________ in coding, so you should consider joining the computer club. 你的老师认为你在编程方面有很大的潜力，所以你应该考虑加入计算机俱乐部。 9.A ____________ friend is someone who supports you even when you fail a test or lose a game. 坚定的朋友是即使在你考试不及格或比赛输掉时依然支持你的人。 10.The entire class signed a card to express their sincere ____________ to Mike after his grandfather passed away. 迈克的祖父去世后，全班同学签了一张卡片，向他表达真诚的慰问。 Keys: 1.veteran 2.legend 3.unforgettable 4.remarkable 5.immortal 6.dismay 7.tribute 8.potential 9.steadfast10.condolence 【参考译文】 太空老将、英勇的阿波罗13号任务指挥官吉姆·洛弗尔于97岁高龄逝世。 据《太阳报》报道，这位美国传奇人物于8月7日在伊利诺伊州莱克福里斯特安详离世，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）向这位“令人难忘的宇航员”致以深切哀悼。 这位来自克利夫兰的自豪之子是美国国家航空航天局（NASA）出访次数最多的宇航员之一，他曾四次进入太空，这一成就尤为非凡。 他曾乘坐过双子座7号、双子座12号、阿波罗8号和阿波罗13号航天器。 正是洛弗尔船长在阿波罗13号任务期间说了那句不朽的话：“休斯顿，我们遇到问题了。”这句话后来进入了流行文化，并至今仍被非正式地用来形容突发危机。 阿波罗13号任务途中，当三名宇航员遭遇灾难时，洛弗尔船长成功阻止了一场悲剧的发生，因此被誉为英雄。 1970年4月，该航天器的服务舱在前往月球途中遭遇氧气罐突然爆炸。 爆炸发生后，洛弗尔船长与宇航员杰克·斯威格特、弗雷德·海斯一同陷入黑暗之中，全世界都在震惊中目睹这一幕。 尽管在距离地球20万英里（超过32万公里）的太空中度过了四个寒冷的日子，宇航员们仍成功生还。 在一系列紧张刺激的事件中，宇航员们唯一的选择就是迅速登上月球着陆器，在任务控制人员的引导下，踏上艰难的返回地球之旅。 洛弗尔船长当时年仅42岁，是全球旅行次数最多的宇航员。 此次任务本应使洛弗尔船长成为第五位踏上月球表面的人，但遗憾的是他最终未能实现这一目标。 美国国家航空航天局代理局长肖恩·达菲也向洛弗尔上尉表达了敬意。 达菲先生表示：“美国国家航空航天局向吉姆·洛弗尔上尉的家人致以深切哀悼。他的生平与事业数十年来激励了全球数百万人。” 吉姆的品格与坚定不移的勇气，帮助实现了登月壮举。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·四川省成都市成都外国语学校月考）From designing spacecraft to flying in one, Wang Jie, a crew member of China’s Shenzhou-20 mission, is ready to write his chapter in the country’s space exploration. The 35-year-old’s space dream began in 2003 in a classroom in Urad Front Banner, Bayannur City of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, about 400 kilometers from the landing site of the Shenzhou-5 return capsule. His middle school teacher wrote on the blackboard about astronaut Yang Liwei’s triumphant return to Earth, which marked the completion of China’s first crewed space mission. Wang Jie watched intently, and his cosmic aspirations took root in that historic moment. Dreaming of the stars, Wang enrolled at Shenyang Aerospace University in north China to study aircraft manufacturing engineering. After earning his bachelor’s degree, he continued to study mechanics at Beihang University in Beijing. After obtaining his doctorate, Wang joined the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, devoting himself to cutting-edge spacecraft research and development. Over the years, his diligence earned him recognition as a seasoned lead designer. Selected to be a member of China’s third batch of astronauts in 2020, Wang faced great challenges. Training in the weightlessness simulation water tank for extravehicular (舱外的) activities proved especially tough for him. During the training, he had to wear an underwater training suit and use his hands to control body positioning while performing tasks like extravehicular transfers, moving on and off the robotic arm and assembling equipment. A single training session could last five to six hours, pushing his physical limits to the extreme. He pushed himself to overcome his weaknesses. He consistently put in extra effort and was often the last one to leave the physical training area. “I never dared to slack off during training and strived for every point in exams. Now, I have finally achieved my first flight, and I’m honored to contribute my efforts to advancing China’s space endeavors,” Wang said. 1．What inspired Wang’s space dream? A．An unusual space-themed class. B．A direct sighting of Shenzhou-5. C．A pioneering space achievement. D．An uplifting speech by Yang Liwei. 2．What can be inferred about Wang from paragraph 3? A．He consistently worked toward his space ambition. B．He faced many challenges on his astronaut journey. C．He played a major role in the development of CAST. D．He greatly revolutionized China’s space exploration. 3．What was difficult for Wang? A．Seeking technical solutions. B．Meeting strict physical demands. C．Grasping theoretical knowledge. D．Adapting to isolated environments. 4．What can we learn from Wang’s story? A．A bold attempt is half success. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Where there is a will, there is a way. D．A good beginning makes a good ending. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了神舟20号机组成员王杰受到中国首次载人航天任务的启发，进行了相关的研究，克服了艰苦的宇航员训练，最终实现了他的太空梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The 35-year-old’s space dream began in 2003 in a classroom in Urad Front Banner, Bayannur City of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, about 400 kilometers from the landing site of the Shenzhou-5 return capsule. His middle school teacher wrote on the blackboard about astronaut Yang Liwei’s triumphant return to Earth, which marked the completion of China’s first crewed space mission. Wang Jie watched intently, and his cosmic aspirations took root in that historic moment. (这位35岁的宇航员的太空梦始于2003年，在中国北部内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市乌拉特前旗的一间教室里，那里距离神舟5号返回舱的着陆点约400公里。他的中学老师在黑板上写着宇航员杨利伟成功返回地球的故事，这标志着中国首次载人航天任务的完成。王杰聚精会神地看着，他对宇宙的渴望在那个历史性的时刻生根发芽。)”可知，王杰的太空梦始于2003年，当时中学老师在黑板上讲解航天员杨利伟 “凯旋归来”，而这一事件标志着“中国首次载人航天任务的完成”。这一“开创性的航天成就”（中国首次载人航天）正是激发他太空梦的关键。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Dreaming of the stars, Wang enrolled at Shenyang Aerospace University in north China to study aircraft manufacturing engineering. After earning his bachelor’s degree, he continued to study mechanics at Beihang University in Beijing. After obtaining his doctorate, Wang joined the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, devoting himself to cutting-edge spacecraft research and development. Over the years, his diligence earned him recognition as a seasoned lead designer.( 怀揣着星空梦的王杰考入了位于中国北方的沈阳航空航天大学，攻读飞机制造工程专业。获得学士学位后，他继续在北京航空航天大学学习力学。获得博士学位后，他加入了中国航天科技集团公司下属的中国空间技术研究院，致力于尖端航天器的研究和开发。多年来，他的勤奋使他作为一个经验丰富的首席设计师赢得了人们的认可。)”可知，从第三段可以推断出王杰一直在努力实现自己的太空抱负。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Training in the weightlessness simulation water tank for extravehicular (舱外的) activities proved especially tough for him. During the training, he had to wear an underwater training suit and use his hands to control body positioning while performing tasks like extravehicular transfers, moving on and off the robotic arm and assembling equipment. A single training session could last five to six hours, pushing his physical limits to the extreme. (在舱外活动的失重模拟水槽训练对他来说尤其困难。在训练期间，他必须穿着水下训练服，在执行舱外转移、上下机械臂和组装设备等任务时，用双手控制身体定位。一次训练可能会持续五到六个小时，将他的身体极限推向极致。)”可知，王杰在训练中面临巨大挑战，尤其是“舱外活动失重模拟水槽训练”—— 需穿水下训练服、用手控制身体位置完成任务，单次训练长达 5到6 小时，“将身体极限推向极致”。这说明对他而言，“满足严苛的体能要求”很困难。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，王杰从2003年种下太空梦，到求学、科研积累，再到2020年成为航天员后，通过“克服弱点、额外努力、最后离开训练场地”等严苛训练，最终实现首飞。由此可推知，他的经历体现“有志者事竟成”。故选C项。 Passage2阅读理解 （重庆市2026届高考模拟调研卷（七））Growing up in the 60s and 70s included shared media experiences. With only a couple of TV channels to choose from, we watched world events together, and those events shaped our lives. For three days in 1972, I remember watching Gene Cernan, Ron Evans, and Harrison Schmitt spend a record-breaking 22 hours and 4 minutes conducting science experiments on the moon’s surface. After dinner on December 11, I dutifully brushed my teeth and got ready for bed. But on this night, instead of dragging myself to bed, my parents let me watch Apollo’s lunar rover (月球车). Over 500,000 people viewed the mission’s launch in person at Kennedy Space Center. To say that vision of lunar exploration fired up my young mind is an understatement. Even though there was no Canadian space program nor women astronauts, I saw myself as an explorer. To me, Gene Cernan had super-powers. He had flown into space and now moved freely on that silent satellite in the night sky. I wasn’t just fascinated by outer space. Inner space also called my name. Watching the television on Sunday nights, I wondered what it would be like to float in the depths of Jacques Cousteau’s ocean world or float upon the evening sky with birds. There are no bounds to a child’s imagination. In writing The Aquanaut,I wanted to reconnect with the joyous sense of possibility, where a young mind starts to piece together an image of what they might do when they grow older. As a seven-year old, every door was open to me, and with the right encouragement,I realized my dreams of exploring places where no human has been before. I hope The Aquanaut will encourage young readers to see the potential to pursue their curiosity and set a path forward to achieving their wildest dreams,because I know with certainty that anything is possible. 5．What does the writer’s childhood experience show? A．Family rules are always strict about bedtime. B．A single event can lastingly shape a person’s future. C．Shared TV viewing could unite people in the past. D．Children’s imagination is usually limited by reality. 6．What made the author’s childhood media experience special in the 60s and 70s? A．The shared viewing of limited TV programs. B．The personal attendance at a rocket launch. C．The availability of numerous TV channels. D．The possibility to watch TV very late every night. 7．What is the book The Aquanaut aimed at? A．Documenting historical space exploration missions. B．Sharing exciting underwater adventure stories. C．Encouraging young people to pursue their curiosity. D．Analyzing the science of oceans and outer space. 8．Why does the writer write the text? A．To explain the writing process of her new book. B．To describe the technical details of a moon landing. C．To argue for more TV programs about exploration. D．To share how a childhood inspiration led to her book. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 【解析】本文主要介绍的是作者童年时期观看阿波罗登月直播的经历如何激发了她的探索精神，并最终促使她创作《潜水员》一书。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段“To say that vision of lunar exploration fired up my young mind is an understatement.(说月球探索的景象点燃了我年轻的心灵，这是轻描淡写的说法。)”以及最后一段“ As a seven-year old, every door was open to me, and with the right encouragement, I realized my dreams of exploring places where no human has been before. (作为一个七岁的孩子，每一扇门都向我敞开；在适当的鼓励下，我实现了探索那些人类从未踏足之地的梦想。)”可知，童年观看登月这一单一事件对作者产生了持久的深远影响，塑造了她的未来方向。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段“Growing up in the 60s and 70s included shared media experiences. With only a couple of TV channels to choose from, we watched world events together, and those events shaped our lives. (在60年代和70年代长大意味着共享的媒体体验。由于只有几个电视频道可供选择，我们一起观看世界大事，而这些事件塑造了我们的人生。)”可知，那个时期媒体体验的特殊之处在于电视节目有限，人们共同观看。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I hope The Aquanaut will encourage young readers to see the potential to pursue their curiosity and set a path forward to achieving their wildest dreams, because I know with certainty that anything is possible. (我希望《潜水员》能鼓励年轻读者看到追求好奇心的潜力，并为他们实现最狂野的梦想铺平道路，因为我非常确定的知道一切皆有可能。)”可知，这本书旨在鼓励年轻人追求好奇心。 8．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“In writing The Aquanaut,I wanted to reconnect with the joyous sense of possibility, where a young mind starts to piece together an image of what they might do when they grow older. (在写《潜水员》一书时，我想重新找回那种充满可能性的喜悦感——那时，一颗年轻的心灵开始拼凑出自己长大后可能做什么的图景。)”可知，写作目的是分享童年灵感如何促成她的书。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure. First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial gravity machines could help. Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems. 3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts. 4 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe. 5 Humans are filled with microbes (微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. A．Exploring space always comes with risks. B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类探索火星所面临的挑战和困难。文章从多个角度分析了人类登陆火星的可能性和难点，包括健康风险、空间辐射、生存条件的建立以及保护火星环境等方面。 1．根据上文“Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration. (在过去的60年里，许多航天器飞过火星，绕火星运行，甚至在火星上着陆。但人类探险者可以比机器工作得更快，更灵活。踏上火星将是太空探索的一个重要里程碑。)”可知，上文是解释为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星，本空应对此进行总结，E选项“That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. (这就是为什么某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．根据上文“For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. (另一方面，它会导致液体在头部积聚。)”可知，长时间在微重力环境下会导致头部积液，本空应继续解释这种现象导致的健康后果，F选项“This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications. (这可能会导致眼睛压力增加，并导致视力并发症。)”说明了头部积液可能导致的视力问题，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 3．根据上文“Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.  (然后还有空间辐射要担心。地球磁场保护地球附近的宇航员免受高能宇宙射线的伤害。这些宇宙射线可能会增加患癌症和其他健康问题的风险。)”可知，宇宙射线可能增加癌症和其他健康问题的风险，本空继续谈论这种暴露对于宇航员的影响，D选项“On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. (在长途旅行中，宇航员将面临长时间的暴露。)”正好说明了在更长的旅程中，宇航员会面临更长时间的暴露在宇宙射线中，这增加了患病的风险，能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 4．根据下文“Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory. (由于宇航员无法从地球上携带建筑材料，科学家们正在想方设法让宇航员在火星上使用材料。长期游客也需要大量的氧气来呼吸。美国宇航局‘毅力号’探测器上的一个设备目前正在为未来的火星氧气工厂奠定基础。)”可知，下文是具体解释在火星定居地建立和生存将面临的许多具体的挑战，G选项“Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. (在火星定居地建立和生存将面临诸多挑战。)”概括了在火星建立和生存的挑战，能引出下文，符合题意。故选G。 5．根据下文“Humans are filled with microbes (微生物) . And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets. (人类体内充满了微生物。传播这些微生物可能会对寻找火星上的生命造成不利影响。因此，负责任的太空探索的一个关键部分是确保地球上的细菌不会感染其他行星。)”可知，本空要引出后文宇航员可能给火星带来的不好的影响，B选项“It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. (它还涉及保护火星免受宇航员的伤害。)”说明了除了保护宇航员外，还需要保护火星不受宇航员的影响，即避免地球微生物污染火星，能引出下文，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Most people remember the excitement of receiving the first letter from their pen pal. The beauty of the letter is the anticipation (期盼), the waiting and the 1 of what is in the note. Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was 2 at such a letter. Her pen pal was in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. Chen learned in June about a national campaign of writing to 3 . She drafted an outline that evening and 4 every moment of her planned journey and how she 5 got to know about astronauts and the nation’s aerospace development program. She put her passion for 6 into writing, along with her 7 and doubts about her studies and making choices in life. A three-page letter of reply arrived in a month. Shenzhou ⅩⅣ astronaut Chen Dong responded to her 8 . In the letter, he recalled how he became an astronaut. “During the practice, every inch of my skin, my cells was put under 9 pressure. It felt like my internal organs were being ‘displaced’,” he said. His strengthened 10 went on for six years. He finally 11 for the mission in space. It was his 12 that kept him going when he was feeling tired and lost, he wrote. “Life is like the 13 , which comes with different weather. It is not all sunny days. Don’t fear 14 in life…” The letter stuck in Chen’s mind. She 15 to become a researcher and hopes she can contribute to China’s aerospace development. 1．A．doubt B．puzzle C．happiness D．curiosity 2．A．worried B．surprised C．overjoyed D．disappointed 3．A．editors B．scientists C．leaders D．astronauts 4．A．detailed B．marked C．enjoyed D．analysed 5．A．luckily B．strangely C．gradually D．temporarily 6．A．travel B．space C．study D．science 7．A．desire B．excitement C．confusion D．discouragement 8．A．warmly B．casually C．impatiently D．surprisingly 9．A．light B．limited C．unbearable D．controllable 10．A．habit B．training C．disabilities D．behavior 11．A．lived B．stood C．struggled D．qualified 12．A．dream B．skill C．strength D．knowledge 13．A．sky B．sea C．journey D．research 14．A．changes B．failures C．accidents D．difficulties 15．A．hated B．determined C．hesitated D．attempted 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述15岁的香港学生陈曼琳对太空充满热情，在一项全国性的给宇航员写信的活动中，她写的信得到了神舟十四号宇航员陈冬的回信，这给了她极大的鼓舞。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：信的美妙之处在于对信中内容的期待、等待和好奇。A. doubt怀疑；B. puzzle困惑；C. happiness高兴；D. curiosity好奇。根据空后“what is in the note”可知指好奇信中写了什么，故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：15岁的香港学生陈曼琳对到这样的一封信感到欣喜若狂。A. worried担忧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. overjoyed欣喜若狂；D. disappointed失望的。根据文章首句“Most people remember the excitement of receiving the first letter from their pen pal.”可知，大多数人都记得收到笔友的第一封信时的兴奋，故此处呼应excitement，指陈曼琳对收到这样的一封信感到欣喜若狂，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，陈了解到一项全国性的给宇航员写信的活动。A. editors编辑；B. scientists科学家；C. leaders领导；D. astronauts宇航员。根据上文“Her pen pal was in the Tiangong Space Station”可知，她的笔友在天宫空间站，应是一位宇航员，故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，她起草了一个大纲，详细描述了她计划中的每一刻，以及她是如何逐渐了解宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的。A. detailed详细说明，详细叙述；B. marked标记；C. enjoyed喜欢，享受；D. analysed分析。根据空后“every moment of her planned journey”可知，她详细描述了她计划中的每一刻，故选A。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. luckily幸运地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. temporarily临时地。根据空后“got to know about astronauts and the nation’s aerospace development program”可知，此处指逐渐了解宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划，故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把对太空的热情投入到写作中，同时也把对学业和生活选择的沮丧和疑虑一并投入到写作中。A. travel旅行；B. space太空；C. study学习；D. science科学。根据上文提到她给宇航员写信以及“got to know about astronauts and the nation’s aerospace development program.”可知，她对太空充满热情，故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. desire欲望；B. excitement兴奋；C. confusion困惑；D. discouragement灰心，沮丧，挫折。空处和“doubts”并列，应是表达负面情绪；结合下文“he wrote. “Life is like the ________, which comes with different weather. It is not all sunny days. Don’t fear ________ in life…””陈冬在回信中说人生并不总是晴天并鼓励她，可知，陈曼琳在信中写了自己遇到的挫折和沮丧，discouragement“沮丧，挫折”符合语境，故选D。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：神舟十四号宇航员陈冬热情地回应了她。A. warmly热情地；B. casually随意地；C. impatiently不耐烦地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据上文“A three-page letter of reply arrived in a month.”可知，回信长达三页纸，故此处指热情地回信，故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在练习的过程中，我的每一寸皮肤，每一寸细胞都承受着难以承受的压力。A. light轻的；B. limited有限的；C. unbearable难以忍受的；D. controllable可控制的。根据下文“It felt like my internal organs were being ‘displaced’(感觉就像我的内脏被“转移”了一样)”可知此处指承受“难以忍受”的压力，故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的强化训练持续了六年。A. habit习惯；B. training训练；C. disabilities残疾；D. behavior行为。根据上文“he recalled how he became an astronaut.”可知，此处指经历了六年的艰苦的训练，呼应上文“practice”，故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他终于有资格执行太空任务。A. lived生活，居住；B. stood站立；C. struggled挣扎；D. qualified（使）具有资格。根据上文“Her pen pal was in the Tiangong Space Station”以及“he recalled how he became an astronaut”可知，此处指他经过了六年的强化训练，最终成为宇航员，具有执行太空任务的资格，故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他写道，当他感到疲倦和迷茫时，是梦想让他坚持下去。A. dream梦想；B. skill技能；C. strength力量；D. knowledge知识。根据下文“that kept him going when he was feeling tired and lost”、上文“he recalled how he became an astronaut.”以及“He finally ________ for the mission in space.”可知，此处指成为宇航员的梦想让他在感到疲倦和迷茫时能够坚持下去，故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活就像天空，有不同的天气。A. sky天空；B. sea大海；C. journey旅程；D. research研究。根据下文“which comes with different weather. It is not all sunny days.”可知，有不同天气的应是天空，故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要害怕生活中的困难……。A. changes变化；B. failures失败；C. accidents事故；D. difficulties困难。上文“It is not all sunny days.”提到生活中并不总是晴天，故此处指生活中的困难，故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她决心成为一名研究人员，并希望她能为中国的航空航天发展做出贡献。A. hated厌恶；B. determined决定；C. hesitated犹豫；D. attempted尝试，试图。根据下文“hopes she can contribute to China’s aerospace development”可知，她希望为中国的航空航天发展做出贡献，此处指她决定成为一名研究人员，故选B。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Three Chinese astronauts have safely returned to Earth in the recently-launched Shenzhou-21 spacecraft after their own spacecraft was declared unsafe. The three crew members were 1 (initial) scheduled to return to Earth Nov. 5, but their journey home 2 (postpone) “due to a suspected impact from tiny space debris (碎片)” to their ship. Their return was delayed for nine days, and their 204-day stay in space was the 3 (long) for any astronaut at China’s space station. After a nine-day wait, they finally headed home on the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft 4 transported the incoming crew, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). Medical teams found that the astronauts were 5 good physical condition, Chinese state media outlet CCTV reported. “The path of humanity’s 6 (explore) of space is not smooth,” Chen Dong, one of the astronauts, told journalists after emerging from the capsule. “It’s filled with difficulties and challenges. But that is exactly why we choose to walk this path.” “I’m very proud that we successfully completed the mission...We have finally made 7 home safely.” The 8 (damage) Shenzhou-20 ship had “a slight crack” in the window of its return capsule, likely caused by debris impact, 9 (make) it unsafe for the crew to return in, according to the CMSA．The ship will stay in orbit to carry out 10 (experiment) instead, the agency said. 【答案】 1．initially 2．was postponed 3．longest 4．that/which 5．in 6．exploration 7．it 8．damaged 9．making 10．experiments 【解析】这是一新闻报道。文章报道了三名中国宇航员因原乘组神舟二十号飞船受太空碎片影响不安全，换乘神舟二十一号飞船安全返回地球的事迹。 1．考查副词。句意：这三名宇航员原定于11月5日返回地球，但他们的返程行程因飞船遭遇“疑似微小太空碎片的撞击”而被推迟。根据动词scheduled可知，修饰动词需用副词，形容词initial的副词形式为initially，意为 “最初”，表 “最初计划于11月5日返回”。故答案为initially。 2．考查被动语态。句意：同上。因为主语their journey home与postpone之间为被动关系，动作发生在过去（原计划返回时间为过去），所以用一般过去时的被动语态，又因为主语是第三人称单数所以be动词用was。故答案为was postponed。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：他们的返回时间推迟了九天，他们在太空的停留时间长达204天，这是中国空间站上任何宇航员所保持的最长停留纪录。分析句式结构可知，定冠词the后接形容词最高级，用long的最高级longest，表“中国空间站宇航员中最长的驻留时间”。故答案为longest。 4．考查定语从句。句意：经过九天的等待之后，他们终于乘坐“神舟二十一号”宇宙飞船返回了地球。据中国载人航天局称，已将新一批航天员送抵目的地。 分析句式结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft指物，且从句中缺主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故答案为that/which。 5．考查介词。句意：据中国中央电视台报道，医疗团队发现这些宇航员身体状况良好。分析句意可知，此处用介词in构成固定短语in good physical condition意为“身体状况良好”，表医疗团队确认宇航员身体状态佳。故答案为in。 6．考查名词。句意：“人类探索太空的历程并非一帆风顺，”宇航员陈冬在走出返回舱后对记者们说道。根据空格前的humanity’s可知，名词所有格后接名词，explore 的名词形式为 exploration且是不可数名词，意为 “探索”，表 “人类的太空探索之路”。故答案为exploration。 7．考查固定搭配。句意：“我非常自豪我们成功完成了这次任务……我们终于平安返回了。” 根据空格前的made可知，此处用固定短语make it意为 “成功做到；顺利到达”，此处表 “我们终于安全到家了”，故答案为it。 8．考查过去分词。句意：据中国载人航天局称，受损的“神舟-20”号飞船返回舱的窗口出现了一处“细微裂缝”，这很可能是由于碎片撞击所致，因此无法让机组人员进入返回舱。分析句式结构可知，the Shenzhou-20 ship与damage之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词damaged作定语，表“受损的神舟二十号飞船”。故答案为damaged。 9．考查现在分词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用现在分词表主动，作结果状语表示自然结果。故答案为making。 10．考查名词。句意：该机构表示，这艘飞船将留在轨道上进行实验。根据空格前的carry out可知，此处用固定短语carry out experiments表示“进行实验”，又因为experiment为可数名词，前面没有冠词等限定词，可知此处用复数形式experiments，表 “进行(多项)实验”。故答案为experiments。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $