Unit 11Rules Matter!-同步【语法】-反身代词-复习和练习2025-2026学年仁爱科普版七年级英语下册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“反身代词”语法内容，涵盖定义、形式构成、四大核心用法及固定搭配，搭建从“基础概念理解”到“用法辨析”再到“中考应用”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“易错点对比表”“中考真题链接”和“分层练习设计”构建知识体系，如将“ourself/themself”等错误形式与正确形式对比标注，培养学生思维品质。特别设计“高频固定搭配表”和“情景交际练习”，不同基础学生可针对性训练，助力提升语言能力，教师可直接用于课堂复习或作业设计，提高教学效率。

Unit 11Rules Matter!-同步【语法】-反身代词-复习和练习 同步【语法】复习 一、核心知识点精讲 1. 什么是反身代词？ 反身代词是指代句子中主语自身的代词，表示动作反射到主语本身，也叫 “自身代词”。 · 基本含义：自己、本人 · 形式：由 形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格 + self/selves 构成（单数 - self，复数 - selves） 人称 主格 形容词性物主代词 反身代词（单数） 反身代词（复数） 第一人称 I / we my / our myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 第二人称 you / you your / your yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 he/she/it / they his/her/its / their himself/herself/itself 他 / 她 / 它自己 themselves 他们 / 她们 / 它们自己 2. 反身代词的核心用法 （1）作宾语（动作的承受者就是主语自己） a) 固定搭配高频词： · hurt oneself 受伤 · teach oneself 自学 · enjoy oneself 玩得开心 · wash oneself 自己洗漱 · dress oneself 自己穿衣服 · help oneself to… 随便吃 / 用…… b) 例句： · Xiao Fang teaches herself French. · The family are enjoying themselves on the trip. c) 易错点： 反身代词必须和主语人称、单复数保持一致，不能乱套。 例：She hurt herself.（不能说 hurt her） （2）作同位语（强调主语 “亲自、自己”） a) 用法：放在主语或宾语后，起强调作用，可译为 “亲自、本人” b) 例句： · I made the dinner myself.（= I myself made the dinner.） · You should clean the room yourself. c) 考点：强调句中，反身代词的位置可前可后，不影响句子主干。 （3）与介词 by 连用（表 “独自、单独”） a) 固定短语：by oneself = alone 独自地 b) 例句： · I have to make dinner by myself. · The little boy can go to school by himself. c) 易混辨析： · by oneself 独自（无人陪伴） · enjoy oneself 玩得开心（≠ 独自） （4）常用固定搭配（中考单选 / 完形高频） 搭配 释义 考点 by oneself 独自 介词 by 不能丢 teach oneself 自学 = learn… by oneself enjoy oneself 玩得开心 = have a good time help oneself to… 随便吃 / 用…… 交际用语常考 hurt oneself 受伤 安全 / 规则话题高频 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 生活场景词汇 talk to oneself 自言自语 阅读词汇 二、重难点 & 易混易错点 1. 单复数形式易错 错误形式 正确形式 易错原因 ourself ourselves 复数反身代词必须加 -selves themself themselves 复数形式拼写错误 hisself himself 第三人称男性用 himself，无 hisself herselfs herself herself 无复数，复数为 themselves 2. 与物主代词 / 宾格的混用 错误用法 正确用法 辨析说明 I hurt me. I hurt myself. 动作反射到主语自身，用反身代词 She teaches her English. She teaches herself English. 自学用反身代词，her 是宾格 / 形容词性物主代词 Enjoy you! Enjoy yourself! 交际用语必须用反身代词 yourself 3. by oneself 与 alone /lonely 辨析 短语 含义 区别 by oneself 独自（无人陪伴，中性） 只表 “独自一人”，不涉及心情 alone 独自的 / 地（中性） 可作形容词 / 副词，和 by oneself 同义 lonely 孤独的（带感情色彩，贬义） 指内心感到孤单，≠ 物理上的独自 · 例句： · He lives by himself, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 4. 语法填空易错点 · 主语是第三人称单数时，反身代词必须对应： · he → himself；she → herself；it → itself · 主语是复数时，反身代词必须用复数形式： · we → ourselves；they → themselves；you（复数）→ yourselves 三、中考真题考点链接（ 反身代词是初中英语历年中考必考基础考点，题型稳定、难度偏低，主要集中在语法填空、单项选择、情景交际、完形填空四大题型，也是七年级夯实基础、对接中考的核心内容。 1. 语法填空（全国中考必考题型，分值 1 分） 命题规律：给出人称代词原形，结合语境变换为对应反身代词，重点考查人称一致、单复数一致。 1) 2024 河南中考 原题：My little sister is old enough to dress ______ (she) now. 答案：herself 真题解读： dress oneself 为固定搭配，意为 “自己穿衣服”；主语指代女生，故用女性单数反身代词 herself。 易错警示：切勿直接填写宾格 her，dress her 意为 “给她穿衣服”，语义不符。 2. 单项选择（各省市中考高频题型） 命题规律：侧重辨析人称匹配、固定短语、易混代词，选项设置以主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词混合干扰为主。 1) 2024 江苏中考 原题：—Who cleaned the classroom yesterday? —Li Ming did it all by ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案：D 真题解读： by oneself 是中考核心短语，含义 “独自；靠自己”，为固定用法，只能搭配反身代词，其余人称代词均不可搭配 by 使用。 3. 情景交际（口语运用必考） 命题规律：日常交际固定句式，多用于聚会、宴请、出行场景，七年级日常对话常考，中考口语与单选均会涉及。 2023 四川中考 原题：—I will go to have a picnic this weekend. —______ A. Enjoy yourself B. Help yourself C. Good luck 答案：A 真题解读： Enjoy yourself 专门用于祝福他人出行、游玩愉快；Help yourself 仅用于餐桌招待客人，二者为中考最易混淆交际句型，必须区分记忆。 4. 完形填空（语境综合考查） 命题规律：结合生活短文，融合alone/lonely 词义辨析 + 反身代词双重考点，是中考拉分小考点。 2024 浙江中考完形节选 原文：He lived ______ and learned to take care of ______. A. alone; himself B. lonely; him 答案：A 真题解读： 1. alone 侧重 “独自一人（客观状态）”，lonely 侧重 “内心孤独（主观情绪）”； 2. take care of 后接反身代词，表照顾自己，为中考完形固定搭配。 同步【语法】练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The old man can look after ________ (he) very well. 2. We enjoyed ________ (we) at the sports meeting last week. 3. Help ________ (you) to some oranges, Lucy. 4. The little girl taught ________ (she) to draw at home. 5. Don’t play with fire, or you will hurt ________ (you). 6. They finished the model plane by ________ (they). 7. You should do your homework by ________ (you), boys. 8. My sister can dress ________ (she) every morning. 9. The students enjoyed ________ (they) on the school trip. 10. I can do the work by ________ (I). 二、单项选择 1. (2024・江苏中考) —Who helped you clean the classroom? —Nobody. I did it all by ______. A. me B. myself C. I D. my 2. (2023・山东中考) The little boy is too young to look after ______. A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves 3. (2024・河南中考) My brother is old enough to dress ______ now. A. he B. him C. himself D. his 4. (2023・北京中考) The children enjoyed ______ in the zoo yesterday. A. them B. themselves C. their D. theirs 5. (2023・四川中考) —I’m going to the party tonight. —______! A. Enjoy yourself B. Help yourself C. Be careful D. Good idea 6. She taught ______ English when she was young. A. her B. she C. herself D. hers 7. Don’t play with knives. You may hurt ______. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 8. They built the small house by ______. A. them B. their C. themselves D. theirs 9. Help ______ to some cakes, Lily and Lucy. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves 10. He stayed at home ______ and didn’t feel lonely. A. by him B. by himself C. in himself D. for him 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I am Li Ming. Last Sunday, I went to the park with my friends. We enjoyed 1. ________ (we) very much. I can swim by 2. ________ (I) now. My friend Lucy is good at drawing. She taught 3. ________ (she) to draw pictures. Look! Tom is flying a kite by 4. ________ (he). We all played happily. But we told him not to hurt 5. ________ (he). At noon, we were hungry. We took out some food. “Help 6. ________ (you) to some bread,” I said to my friends. After lunch, we cleaned the park by 7. ________ (we). We were tired but happy. We learned that we can do many things by 8. ________ (our). We had a wonderful day and I will remember it by 9. ________ (I). We really enjoyed 10. ________ (our) that day. 四、句型转换/改错 1. She can learn English by herself.（同义句） She can ________ ________ English. 2. They had a good time in the park.（同义句） They ________ ________ in the park. 3. I can finish it by me.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 4. Help you to some fish, kids.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 5. He hurt him yesterday.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 6. We teach our English every day.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 7. They enjoyed them at the party.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 8. She can look after her.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 9. You must do it you.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 10. The cat washed it.（改错） ________ 改为 ________ 五、情景交际 1. —I will go to the mountains this weekend. —________________________!（祝你玩得开心） 2. —Help yourself to some chicken. —________________________.（谢谢） 3. —Did you enjoy yourselves yesterday? —Yes, ________________________.（我们玩得很开心） 4. —Don’t hurt yourselves when you play basketball. —________________________.（好的，我们会小心） 5. —I’m going to have a picnic with my friends. —________________________!（玩得愉快） 参考答案和解析 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. himself 解析：主语 the old man 为男性单数，look after oneself 照顾自己，用反身代词 himself。 2. ourselves 解析：固定搭配 enjoy oneself 玩得开心；主语 we 对应复数反身代词 ourselves。 3. yourself 解析：称呼 Lucy 为单人，Help oneself to sth. 随便吃点……，用单数 yourself。 4. herself 解析：主语 the little girl 是女性单数，teach oneself 自学，填 herself。 5. yourself 解析：此处面向对方提醒，动作作用于对方自身，用 yourself。 6. themselves 解析：by oneself 独自完成；主语 they，对应复数反身代词 themselves。 7. yourselves 解析：句中 boys 表明是多人，第二人称复数用 yourselves。 8. herself 解析：主语 my sister 为女性单数，dress oneself 自己穿衣服，填 herself。 9. themselves 解析：主语 the students 是复数，enjoy oneself 搭配使用 themselves。 10. myself 解析：主语 I，by oneself 独自，第一人称单数反身代词用 myself。 二、单项选择 1. B 解析：固定短语 by oneself 表示 “独自、靠自己”，主语是 I，对应反身代词 myself。 2. B 解析：主语 the little boy 是男性第三人称单数，look after oneself 表示 “照顾自己”，用 himself。 3. C 解析：固定搭配 dress oneself 表示 “自己穿衣服”，主语 my brother 对应 himself。 4. B 解析：固定短语 enjoy oneself 表示 “玩得开心”，主语 the children 是复数，用 themselves。 5. A 解析：情景交际，别人要去参加派对，祝福用 Enjoy yourself（祝你玩得开心）。 6. C 解析：固定搭配 teach oneself 表示 “自学”，主语 she 对应 herself。 7. C 解析：hurt oneself 表示 “伤到自己”，主语是 you，对应 yourself。 8. C 解析：by oneself 表示 “独自”，主语 they 对应复数反身代词 themselves。 9. D 解析：Help oneself to… 表示 “随便吃……”，Lily and Lucy 是两个人，用复数 yourselves。 10. B 解析：固定短语 by oneself 表示 “独自、一个人”，主语 he 对应 by himself。 三、语法填空 1. ourselves 解析：固定搭配 enjoy oneself 玩得开心；主语是 we，故用复数反身代词。 2. myself 解析：固定搭配 by oneself 独自；主语是 I，对应 myself。 3. herself 解析：固定搭配 teach oneself 自学；主语 Lucy 是女生，用 herself。 4. himself 解析：固定搭配 by oneself 独自；主语 Tom 是男生，用 himself。 5. himself 解析：固定搭配 hurt oneself 伤到自己；宾语与主语 him 保持一致。 6. yourselves 解析：固定句型 Help yourselves to… 随便吃……；对朋友们说，用复数。 7. ourselves 解析：固定搭配 by oneself 独自；主语是 we，用 ourselves。 8. ourselves 解析：固定搭配 by oneself 独自；主语是 we，用 ourselves。 9. myself 解析：固定搭配 by oneself 独自；主语是 I，对应 myself。 10. ourselves 解析：固定搭配 enjoy oneself 玩得开心；主语是 we，用 ourselves。 四、句型转换/改错 1. teach herself 解析：learn… by oneself = teach oneself 自学。 2. enjoyed themselves 解析：have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心；时态为一般过去时。 3. me 改为 myself 解析：by oneself 独自，I 对应的反身代词是 myself。 4. you 改为 yourselves 解析：Help oneself to… 随便吃……；kids 是复数，用 yourselves。 5. him 改为 himself 解析：hurt oneself 伤到自己，主语 he 对应 himself。 6. our 改为 ourselves 解析：teach oneself 自学，we 对应 ourselves。 7. them 改为 themselves 解析：enjoy oneself 玩得开心，they 对应 themselves。 8. her 改为 herself 解析：look after oneself 照顾自己，she 对应 herself。 9. you 改为 yourself 解析：do sth. (by) oneself 独自做某事，you 对应 yourself。 10. it 改为 itself 解析：wash itself 自己清洗，it 对应的反身代词是 itself。 五、情景交际 1. Enjoy yourself / Have a good time 解析：对别人外出、游玩表示祝福，用 “祝你玩得开心”。 2. Thank you / Thanks 解析：别人招待你吃东西，礼貌回答 “谢谢”。 3. we enjoyed ourselves 解析：问句用 enjoy yourselves，答句对应 we enjoyed ourselves。 4. OK, we will be careful 解析：回应提醒，表示 “好的，我们会小心”。 5. Enjoy yourselves / Have a good time 解析：和朋友去野餐，祝福 “玩得愉快”，用复数更合适。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $