专题1 名词-【中考对策】2026年中考总复习英语（人教版）

第二编 语法专题突破 专题一 考点①名词的数 1.可数名词 (1)名词变复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般情况下，在名词词尾 map→maps,boy→boys 加-s bus→buses,.box→boxes, 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名 watch→watches. 词，在词尾加-es brush→brushes 以辅音字母加-y结尾的 dictionary-dictionaries, 名词，先将y变成i,再 country→countries 加-es 以f或fe结尾的名词，先 leaf→leaves,knife→knives 将f或fe变成v,再加-es 以。结尾且有生命的名 hero→heroes, 词，在词尾加-es。 tomato→tomatoes, (口诀：英雄爱吃西红柿 potato→botatoes 和土豆) 以0结尾且无生命的名 词，在词尾加-s。 radio→radios, (口诀：收音机里说这张photo-→photos, 照片上有一个动物园，里 Z00→Z00s, 面有一架钢琴只能弹 piano→pianos s调)》 (2)名词变复数的不规则变化 构成方法 例词 man→men,woman->women, a变e policeman→policemen oo变ee foot→feet,tooth→teeth 单复数同形 sheep→sheep,deer→deer 某国人：中日不 Chinese→Chinese, 变，英法变，其余 Frenchman-Frenchmen, 后面加-s German--→Germans 其他 mouse→mice,child-→children 名词 (3)可数名词的修饰词 many,a few,few,several,a number of, how many,too many等。 2.不可数名词 不可数名词没有复数，前面不能直接用不 定冠词a或an修饰。 (1)不可数名词的数量 不可数名词表数量时，常用“数词/冠词+量词 +of+不可数名词”表示。作主语时，谓语动词 的形式取决于of前面的量词。 There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有两杯茶。 (2)不可数名词的修饰词 much,a bit of,a little,little,how much,too much等。 3.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词，但 意义不同 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 orange 橙子 橙汁 room 房间 空间 次数； chicken 鸡 鸡肉 time 时间 倍数 试卷；报 paper 纸 beauty 美人 美丽 纸；文件 experience 经历 经验 work 作品 工作 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 light 电灯 光 exercise 练习 锻炼 fish 鱼 鱼肉 ®即学即练 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·上海青浦区二模)The artist used different-sized brush)to create the detailed artwork. 2.(2025·陕西改编)I picked tea (leaf)there and enjoyed lots of local food. 167 3.(2025·上海青浦区二模)The farmer raised many sheep)and sold them at the market to make a living. 4.Would you please offer me some advice)on how to improve my spoken English? 5.(2024·镇江改编)We will never forget those hero)who have done a lot for our country. 6.I had a lot of interesting during my stay in China,but I didn't have much in cooking Chinese food.experience) 考点2名词所有格 1.s所有格 构成 例子 the girl's father女孩的爸爸 单数 在词尾加’s 名词 today's newspaper 今天的报纸 以s结尾的 two hours'walk 复数加 两个小时的步行路程 名词不以s结尾 children's books儿童书籍 的加-s These are Mary's and Helen's 各自分别在每个 rooms.这些是玛丽的房间和海 拥有 名词后加-s 伦的房间。 共同在最后一个 This is Mary and Helen's father. 拥有 名词后加’s 这是玛丽和海伦的爸爸。 2.of所有格 一般来说，无生命名词的所有格常用of 表示。 the door of the room房间的门 the color of the clothes衣服的颜色 3.双重所有格 双重所有格可以用“of+-'s所有格”或“of +名词性物主代词”表示。 He is a friend of my father's. 他是我爸爸的一位朋友。 This is a book of mine.这是我的一本书。 168 4.用to表示所有格 “the+名词+to+名词”意为“…的”，表 示所属关系或关联关系。 the key to the door门上的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 ·即学即练 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·龙东地区)Chinese people use twelve animals to name the year of a (person)birth. 2.(2025·遂宁改编)一Excuse me,sir.How far is it from here to the train station? -Oh,it's about ten minute)walk. 3.My parents took me to the amusement park on (child)Day.There were so many exciting things to do there. 4.（2024·西藏改编) (Eric and Helen) father works in the police station. 5.Upstairs are (Lily and Lucy)bedrooms. They are tidy and nice.But ours are in a mess. 考点3名词作定语 1.名词作定语，一般用单数。如果要变复数，只 把被修饰的词变成复数。 We planted two apple trees last year. 去年我们种了两棵苹果树。 2.man或woman作定语修饰名词时，如果要变 复数，man或woman与被修饰的词都变成复数。 They are all men doctors.他们都是男医生。 3.sport作定语时，用复数。 Our sports meeting will be held next Saturday morning. 我们的运动会将在下周六早晨举行。 4.“基数词-名词(-形容词)”构成的复合形容词 作定语时，复合形容词中的名词用单数。 a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩 。即学即练 1.昨天我妈妈买了两双运动鞋。 Yesterday my mother bought two pairs of 2.我们班女老师的数量是6个。 The number of the in our class is six. 3.(2025·扬州邗江区二模改编)她80岁的爷 爷在一个冬天的早晨去世了。 Her grandpa passed away on a winter morning. 考点4名词的词形转换 1.动词变名词 构词法 例词 teach→teacher,visit→visitor, 以-er/-or结尾 drive→river,win→winner feel-→feeling,build-→building, 以-ing结尾 mean→neaning,begin→beginning develop-development, 以-ment结尾 agree→agreement 以-tion或 invent-→invention,decide-→decision, -sion结尾 pollute→pollution,invite→invitation 以-ress结尾 act→actress,wait→waitress fail→failure,succeed→success, 特殊 die→death,advise→advice, choose-→choice,weigh-→weight 2.形容词变名词 构词法 例词 difficult-→difficulty,safe→safety, 以-y结尾 active→activity,social→society different->difference, 以-ce结尾 important->importance kind-→kindness,il→illness, 以-ness结尾 happy-→happiness,busy→business 以-h结尾 warm->warmth,true->truth high→height,proud-→pride, 特殊 medical-→nedicine 3.名词变名词（表人） 构词法 例词 art→artist,violin-→violinist, 以-ist结尾 tour→tourist,piano-→pianist, science→scientist 以-an或-ian Asia→Asian,Europe-→European, 结尾 music-→nusician,Canada→Canadian 以-er结尾 village→villager,farm→farmer ®即学即练 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·安徽阜阳重，点中学一模改编)Years of competition has taught Zheng Qinwen, China's first Olympic gold win)in the tennis singles(单打)，to keep patient in matches. 2.(2025·福建南平二模改编)一Sarah has a strong mind. -Yes.Once she makes a (decide), nothing can stop her. 3.(2025·成都改编)This palace is amazing. Ancient Chinese (build)never let you down.Each of them is a wonderful window into Chinese culture. 4.（2025·杨州仪征市二模)The beauty of Yangzhou attracts countless (tour) attention every year. 5.(2025·山西改编)We believe China will continue to lead the world in technology (develop). 6.(2025·无锡江阴市二模改编)一Life is like a road.It isn't always smooth. -Exactly.So we should learn to deal with all kinds of difficult). 7.(2025·上海闵行区二模)We should listen to the teacher's safe)instructions during a fire drill. 8.At the concert,those (music）skills impressed the little boy so much. 169 专题精练 I.用所给词的适当形式填空 baby panda in Guangzhou,has quickly 1.(2025·云南)Nowadays,thousands of foreign increased its (weigh)which reached visit)come to China on vacation. 1.23 kg within a month,showing good health 2.(2025·龙东地区)The key to and growth. happy)is to see all the beauty of the world. 14.(2025·无锡江阴市二模)We need to think 3.We received an (invite)to attend twice before making a decide). their daughter's wedding yesterday. 15.(2025·上海青浦区一模改编)Our future 4.(2025·成都改编)At the2025 World happiness depends on the choose) Athletics Indoor Championships,Wu Yanni set we make today. a new national record of 8.01 seconds in the 16.（2024·合肥庐江县一模)一If every one of woman)60 m hurdles. us gives help and love to others,our 5.(2025·白银)Qian Xuesen,father of China's social)will be a better place. space program,is one of the greatest -I agree with you. science)in the world. 17.World Health Day is used to highlight(强调) 6.(2025·云南改编)We will take action to stop the (important)of personal health. water pollute)near the lake tomorrow. 18.There are three (photo)on the wall. 7.(2025·陕西改编)Different They are very beautiful. experience)there have opened my eyes and 19.These German)have been in China improved my (know). for many years. 8.Teachers in Western countries have a three 20.(2025·厦门同安区二模改编)The film Ne (month)holiday in a year. 9.(2025·无锡江阴市二模)The detective fell Zha 2 was a huge （succeed)and received great praise from people. into silent)as he was checking the Ⅱ.词义辨析 scene. 10.(2025·成都青羊区一模改编)一The 1.(2025·连云港)The use of China's first home- museum showing Picasso's paintings received built ocean drilling（钻探)ship shows a big thousands of visitors. hole/flag/bridge/step)forward in -I can understand it.After all,he's one of China's deep sea exploring. the greatest_ (art)in the world. 2.(2025·安微)David left the school pop group.. 11.(2025·上海青浦区二模)The detective worked Then I took over his (farm/part/role/ hard to uncover the (true）behind sale)as the lead singer. the mystery. 3.(2025·镇江丹徒区一模)As AI changes our 12.-Will you stay with us for the Dragon Boat world,YangBOT reminds us that true Festival? progress/level/pride/custom )respects the -Sorry,I can't.I will travel on past while moving toward the future. busy). 4.（2025·宿迁宿豫区二模)Follow the 13.(2025·成都金牛区一模)Meng Er Dai,the inventions/instruments/interviews/ 170 instructions),and you can know how to use the new type of sweeping robot. 5.(2025·马鞍山第七中学一模)In the past forty years,China has created some new wonders of the world and the Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good example/challenge/direction/choice). 6.(2025·镇江丹徒区一模)Li Zigi,a popular influencer,helps people see the discovery/magic/secret/value )of keeping Chinese traditions alive. 7.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of knowledge/ energy/change/courage). 8.(2025·天津和平区二模)-Be quiet, please!I need complete care/trust/ silence/agreement)while I'm working on this problem. -Sorry.I'll turn down the music. 9.-A robot served us dinner last night.Don't you think we are living in amazing times? -I can't agree more.The information/technology/discovery/competition) makes our lives easier and happier. Ⅲ.语法填空 A A father was worried about his son,who was sixteen 1. (year)old but had no courage at all.So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk(和尚)to train his boy. The Buddhist monk said to the 2. (boy)father,"Leave your son alone here.I'll make him a man with so much 3. courage)in a month,and a real man in another three 4. _（month)time.” Time passed by quickly.The father returned. The Buddhist monk prepared a match between his son and a strong boy. The strong boy hit the son,and his 5. tooth)were off,and he fell down.But at once the boy stood up.Several 6. time) later,the Buddhist monk asked,"Which of the 7. (child)is brave?” “What a shame！”the father said in a low voice."I never thought he would be so easily knocked down.” "I'm sorry that's all you see.Don't you see any more 8. different)than before? Each time he fell down,he stood up again instead of crying.That's the kind of courage you wanted him to have.” B Many stories happened at the 1. child )Medical Care Center.These stories 2 deep)touched us.We saw a lot of children without hair because they got special treatment().We played with them and drew pictures with them.They had great pains,but they were very 3. (friend).It was much easier to talk with them than we had expected. One day,a girl wanted to teach us how fold)paper.She taught us with great patience and explained each step slowly and clearly.Though we could do that well,we still pretended(假装)to know5. (something） about it.We followed her step by step and did as she told us.Finally,when we completed our work perfectly,she gave each of us a big hug.We could see the 6. （proud)and7. happy)on her face.Her father was so 8. thank)to us that his eyes were full of tears. Until then,we knew that the girl would receive an operation(手术)the next day. It was really a 9. (value)experience to all of us.We began to think about the ways to deal with some 10.(difficult)in life. When we compare our“troubles”with those kids',ours seem not worth mentioning at all. 171wait any longer to take action!5.save electricity;turning off 6.to set up;importance;protection 7.The air pollution is getting worse and worse.8.work out;no matter how 9.looking forward to going 10.full of energy; thirsty for knowledge 11.fail to be thankful to 12.along with difficulties;will;be;waiting for 13.Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions. 核心考点突破 考点11.cut down2.cut off3.cut up4.cut;down 5.cut out 6.cut in 考点21.harmful2.ham3.harmless 考点31.to send2.too high;to afford 考点41.set out2.find out3.come out4.work out 5.left out 6.run out 考点51.separate2.are divided3.separate 4.A year is divided into four seasons. 5.He always separates his personal life from his work. 当堂跟踪训练 I.1.knowledge 2.wooden 3.harmful 4.thankful 5.to buy 6.has overcome 7.creativity 8.ours 9.graduation 10.caring II.1.the 2.for 3.in 4.at 5.from IlI.1.First of all;turn off;to save energy 2.take action; stop throwing away 3.After graduating from 4.kept her cool;brought back 5.Although/Though;tiring; full of/filled with fun 6.Believe in yourself IV.1.carefully 2.a 3.parts 4.came 5.in 6.protecting 7.and 8.reported 9.their 10.pride 人第二编语法专题突破 ◆专题一名词◆ 即学即练 考点11.brushes2.leaves3.sheep4.advice 5.heroes 6.experiences;experience 考点21.person's2.minutes'3.Children's 4.Eric and Helen's 5.Lily's and Lucy's 考点31.sports shoes2.women teachers 3.80-year-old 4 1.winner 2.decision 3.buildings 4.tourists' 5.development 6.difficulties 7.safety 8.musicians' 专题精练 I.1.visitors 2.happiness 3.invitation 4.women's 5.scientists 6.pollution 7.experiences;knowledge -2 8.months'9.silence 10.artists 11.truth 12.business 13.weight 14.decision 15.choices 16.society 17.importance 18.photos 19.Germans 20.success II.1.step 2.role 3.progress 4.instructions 5.example 6.value 7.energy 8.silence 9.technology Ⅲ. A 1.years 2.boy's 3.courage 4.months'5.teeth 6.times 7.children 8.differences B 1.Children's 2.deeply 3.friendly 4.to fold 5.nothing 6.pride 7.happiness 8.thankful 9.valuable 10.difficulties ◆专题二冠词· 专题精练 I.1.a 2.the;an 3.a;/4.The 5.The 6.The 7.an;a 8.the 9.a 10.an;a 11.an;the 12.an 13.the 14./the 15.the II.1.a 2.the 3.the 4.the 5./6.the 7.an ·专题三代词◆ 即学即练 考点11.My;her2.mine3.herself4.its 5.themselves 6.ours 考点21.neither2.either3.both4.None5.all 6.another 7.other 8.the other 9.others 10.the others 11.a little 12.few 13.a few 14.little 考点31.it2.that3.one4.those5.it 专题精练 I.1.hers 2.him 3.nobody 4.yourself 5.Nothing 6.them 7.mine 8.themselves 9.its 10.ourselves 11.their 12.yours II.1.Neither 2.both 3.Either 4.None 5.All 6.the other 7.another 8.the others 9.others 10.one 11.it 12.that 13.those 14.ones IlI.1.heard 2.was hiding 3.him 4.it 5.my 6.his 7.Finally 8.us 9.friends 10.ourselves IV.1-2 DC ·专题四数词· 专题精练 I.1.first 2.second 3.thousands 4.third 5.20/twenty 6.twelve;twelfth 7.hundreds;hundred