专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，陕晋青宁专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为高中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选宁夏、陕西、山西等地期末试题，涵盖科技、自然生态、社会文化等主题，情境真实且思维梯度清晰。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|多篇阅读，每题2分|科技（数字切换与无聊感研究）、自然生态（海豚交流、大堡礁保护）、社会文化（意大利咖啡文化、糖画非遗）等|情境具时代性（如NASA学生任务、社交媒体行为研究），问题层次分明（细节理解如“RPS技术优势”、推理判断如“海豚NSWA哨声功能”），注重语言能力与思维品质培养|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1：1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D Passage 2：5．D 6．B 7．C Passage 3：8．C 9．B 10．A Passage 4：11．B 12．C 13．A 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1：14．B 15．D 16．C 17．D Passage 2：18．A 19．D 20．C 21．B Passage 3：22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D Passage 4：26．C 27．D 28．B 29．A 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1：30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C Passage 2：34．C 35．D 36．B 37．C Passage 3：38．A 39．D 40．A 41．D 主题01 人与社会——艺术与体育 Passage 1：42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D Passage 2：46．A 47．B 48．D 49．D Passage 3：50．C 51．D 52．A 53．B 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1：54．B 55．A 56．D 57．B Passage 2：58．D 59．C 60．A 61．C Passage 3：62．B 63．A 64．D 65．C Passage 4：66．B 67．D 68．C 69．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·宁夏银川·期末） “Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of scrolling through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it. Kay Y.Y.Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning. “As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said. In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment. “I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and toughing it out is likely a better choice.” The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom. Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. 1．What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory? A．The unsatisfied desire. B．The feeling of boredom. C．The degree of engagement. D．The lack of emotion. 2．What is the primary purpose of Tam’s study? A．To prove the accuracy of the Boredom Feedback Model. B．To examine the impact of digital switching on boredom. C．To compare boredom levels between students and adults. D．To identify solutions for reducing digital switching. 3．How was Tam’s study conducted? A．By tracking phone data from students. B．By comparing two video-watching conditions. C．By measuring boredom changes over time. D．By surveying digital habits. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To solve a problem. B．To give a suggestion. C．To raise a question. D．To give a warning. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·陕西西安·期末） For over 60 years, NASA has been using Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS), a type of nuclear (原子能的) “battery”, to power spacecraft and enable them to travel to some of the darkest, coldest, and farthest reaches of our solar system. If you could plan an RPS-powered mission to any moon in our solar system, which moon would you choose to unlock its mysteries? K-12 students, your task is to plan a mission that uses RPS to get to a dark, dusty, or faraway moon in our solar system. NASA wants to know what you plan to explore, the discoveries you hope to make, and what your special power is to help you achieve mission success. Your plan should address all three topics below: ●Dark, dusty, or distant mission destination: Tell us which moon your RPS-powered space mission will go to and describe your mission goal(s). ●RPS: Explain the importance and advantages of using RPS for this mission. Explain how this technology overcomes the challenges of extreme environments and destinations. ●Your power: NASA missions are also powered by people — from mission planning and development to designing, launching, and operating a spacecraft. Tell us what you think your unique power is and how your special power will help you achieve mission success. Your power could be a skill, personal characteristics, or your personal strength that is unique to you. Every student who puts forward a plan will receive a digital certificate (证书) and an invitation to a virtual event with NASA experts, where students will learn about what powers the NASA workforce to dream big and explore. Three national finalists in each grade category (9 finalists total) will receive a particular virtual session with a NASA RPS expert. 5．Who are the competition intended for? A．NASA engineers. B．University professors. C．Professional astronauts. D．Students in certain grades. 6．What must be included in the plans? A．A list of NASA’s past missions. B．A unique power and its application. C．A detailed map of the solar system. D．A comparison of different power systems. 7．What will be offered to every student with a plan? A．A job offer from NASA． B．A free trip to a space center. C．A certificate and online event access. D．A face-to-face meeting with NASA RPS expert. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西西安·期末） To help our readers find the best bike sharing programs in their area, we reviewed platforms that are local and have options in a few large markets. Here are our top picks. Citi BikePrice: $4.49 per trip up to 30 minutes plus $0.26 added charge per additional minute Availability: Stations located across New York and New Jersey Programs: Single ride, day pass, monthly membership, annual membership Why We Chose It Whether you’re commuting (通勤) to work or exploring the city as a tourist you’ll be able to find a bike near to you and ride comfortably by planning a bike-safe route in the app. Capital BikesharePrice: $1 unlocking fee plus $0.05 per-minute charge Availability: Stations located across Washington, DC, Virginia, and Maryland Programs: Single ride, day pass, annual membership Why We Chose It Offering access to plenty of bikes around town and in surrounding cities in Maryland and Virginia, this Lyft-backed option also unlocks discounts for helmets and select activities in the area. Bay WheelsPrice: $3.49 per trip up to 30 minute plus $0.30 added charge per additional minute Availability: Stations located across California Programs: Single ride, monthly, annual membership Why We Chose It Current ride-share user will appreciate the program’s ease of use, with the ability to rent one of the thousands of bikes across 550 docking stations directly through the Lyft app. LyftPrice: Varies based on location Availability: Stations located across California, Illinois, Ohio, Colorado, Washington, DC, New York, and Oregon Programs: Single ride, day pass and membership options vary depending on city Why We Chose It Offering a wide availability of bikes in seven major markets, Lyft’s platform also provides the infrastructure (基础设施) for a number of top locally branded bike sharing companies in those locations. 8．How much does Citi Bike charge for an hour’s ride? A．$7.8. B．$15.6. C．$12.29. D．$20.29 9．What do Capital Bikeshare and Bay Wheels have in common? A．They offer the same programs. B．They are both backed by Lyft. C．They are both available in California. D．They share the same rules of charging. 10．What is an advantage of Lyft over the others? A．It is more widely available. B．It rents bikes of higher quality. C．It enjoys popularity worldwide. D．It provides discounts for helmets. Passage 4 （23-24高一下·山西太原·期末） Correct First Aid Misbeliefs As for parenting, first aid knowledge is important. Yet there exist several commonly held beliefs that, unfortunately, are incorrect. These mistaken beliefs can stop us effectively responding to emergencies involving our children. Here are the current recommendations from the Red Cross for each misunderstanding. NosebleedsIncorrect: Put cotton wool balls into the nose to stop the bleeding. Why: In reality, putting them into your kids’ nose can prevent blood clotting (凝结) and likely make the bleeding worse. Correct: ●Sit forward and squeeze the nostrils below the bridge to close the nose for 10-15 minutes. Breathe through the mouth during this time. ●After the bleeding stops, don’t blow, rub or pick the nose. BurnsIncorrect: Immediately apply ice or butter for heat burns to relieve the pain. Why: Ice applied directly to burned skin can increase skin damage. It slows healing and makes it harder for a doctor to treat the burned area. Correct: ●Cool the burned area with cool water for 10 minutes. ●Cover the burn loosely with a clean bandage. If the burn gets worse or infected, see a doctor. FeverIncorrect: Use rubbing alcohol to lower a fever. Why: Wiping rubbing alcohol on the skin doesn’t cool the body or reduce fever. And it can be absorbed through skin, especially for your kids and babies, causing alcohol poisoning. Correct: ●Give fever-reducing medicine. ●Call a doctor if you’re unsure or the fever doesn’t go away. 11．What is the correct practice for a nose bleeding according to the text? A．Blocking the nose with cotton. B．Holding the nose closed for a moment. C．Blowing the nose to clear blood. D．Raising arms to a certain height. 12．What is the mistaken belief about the treatment of burns? A．Butter can worsen the burned area. B．Cool water cannot touch the burns. C．Ice can relieve the pain immediately. D．The burned area can’t be covered by a bandage. 13．Which of the following is the side effect of using the alcohol to lower a fever? A．Alcohol poisoning. B．Skin damage. C．Higher temperature. D．Pain and discomfort. 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山西·期末） Dolphins are some of the noisiest and smartest animals in the ocean. They live in groups and use many different sounds—clicks, whistles (哨声), and buzzing noises—to communicate with each other and find their way underwater. One of the most interesting things about dolphins is that they use special whistles as names. These “signature whistles” are unique to each dolphin. The whistles are produced by one individual and repeated by another—like saying “Jeff, Jeff”—to re-establish contact. This shows dolphins can learn and remember sounds, which is a big step for animal communication. But dolphins have-another talent: they appear to be using a wide range of whistles that are not names. So far, researchers have identified 22 of these “non-signature whistles” used by dozens of dolphins. “We have these non-signature whistles that seem like they could function like words of some kind, with specific meanings,” says Laela Sayigh, a marine biologist, Two of the whistles—with the catchy names NSWA and NSWB—seem to have special uses, one sounding an alarm, the other asking a question, respectively. The research comes from the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program in Florida. For over 40years, scientists have been recording dolphin sounds using special underwater microphones and tags (标签) attached to the dolphins’ backs. These tags record high-quality sounds and movement underwater, helping scientists build a huge library of dolphin calls. In one case, two dolphins heard their own signature whistles played from a speaker. They answered with the NSWB whistle—maybe asking, “What’s going on?” In another case, when NSWA was played, many dolphins swam away, which made researchers think it might be an alarm sound. Although it’s still too early to say dolphins have a full language like humans, clearly there’s a lot of complexity in what they do as it is. They use names, ask questions, and maybe even warn each other of danger. If any animal can “talk” in a language-like way, dolphins might just be the best example we have. 14．What is the purpose of “signature whistles” for dolphins? A．To attract their mates. B．To identify themselves. C．To drive away hunters. D．To find food underwater. 15．Why do scientists conduct the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program? A．To train dolphins to perform tasks. B．To build a theme park about dolphins. C．To ensure dolphins live in clean waters. D．To study dolphin sounds and movement. 16．One dolphin probably produces the NSWA whistle when ______ . A．the food is sufficient. B．it greets another dolphin. C．a danger is approaching. D．it wants to ask a question. 17．What can be learned about dolphin communication from the text? A．It is quite easy to understand. B．It is a fully developed language. C．It is available to a range of sea life. D．It is complex with various functions. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末） Cuckoos (杜鹃) are a well-known and much-loved species in the UK. They are a call of summer, travelling all the way from their wintering ground in Africa to breed on islands in the UK. Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. Researchers have been attaching satellite tags (标签) to cuckoos, which transmit real-time location data. This data reveals how long cuckoo s spend in the UK, when they leave, and which migration routes they take between the UK and Africa. The hope is that this data will give scientists a detailed understanding of cuckoo migration, the threats they face along the way, and the conservation measures that could be adopted to improve their chances of survival. The tags have already revealed many insights into cuckoo migration. It’s hoped that as data keeps coming in, scientists will better understand the factors that influence whether cuckoo s survive their migration, and therefore the best ways to help protect the species. It’s not just the scientists who have been eagerly tracking the tagged birds, though. The tags provide live location data which is published on an online map. Members of the public can therefore watch the cuckoos’ incredible journeys, too, and if you click on the individuals on the map, you can find out more about each bird. “This ongoing project opens a significant window on the wonders of migration, and our discoveries are helping to shape the way we look at bird migration more widely,” says lead scientist on the project, Dr. Chris Hewson. “It will also lay a foundation (基础) from which cuckoo conservation measures can be planned , increasing the likelihood that the call of these birds will grace our summers for generations to come.” 18．What are researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology trying to find out? A．Why there are fewer and fewer cuckoos. B．What happened to cuckoos’ habitat. C．How to make an online map for Africa. D．Where to look for new species. 19．How can the public take part in the cuckoo tracking project according to the passage? A．By contributing funds to the research. B．By participating in bird watching tours. C．By observing the birds in their natural habitat. D．By following the live location data online. 20．What does Dr. Chris Hewson think of the project? A．It inspires the public’s passion for technology. B．It shows the exact population of cuckoos in the UK. C．It lays a foundation for the species’ conservation. D．It will help cuckoo s choose a safer migration route. 21．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Cuckoos’ Migration Routes B．Tracking Cuckoos’ Journeys C．Decline of New Species in the UK D．Conservation Measures for Birds Passage 3 （23-24高一下·陕西咸阳·期末） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cross because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grow n in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself,” according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 22．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 23．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. 24．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn’t grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 25．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn’t need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·宁夏银川·期末） The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is one of the most extraordinary natural wonders on Earth. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is not only the largest coral reef system in the world but is also visible from space. Home to thousands of species of marine life(海洋生物), including fish, turtles, sharks, and corals, the reef is a biodiversity hot spot and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reef’s vibrant ecosystem is built by tiny organisms called coral polyps (珊瑚虫). These creatures produce calcium carbonate (碳酸盐) to form hard skeletons, which over time create the complex structures we recognize as coral reefs. The reef’s health depends on a delicate balance of environmental conditions, including water temperature, salinity, and sunlight. However, the Great Barrier Reef faces significant threats. Climate change is the most pressing issue, as rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching — a phenomenon where corals dismiss the algae (海藻) that give them color and nutrients. Without these algae, corals turn white and become more easily to pick up disease. Pollution from agricultural irrigation and plastic waste further worsen the problem, while overfishing disrupts the reef’s ecological balance. Efforts to protect the reef are underway. The Australian government has put stricter regulations into effect on fishing and pollution, and scientists are exploring innovative solutions such as coral farming and genetic engineering to restore damaged areas. Despite these efforts, the future of the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain. Experts warn that without immediate and collective global action, the reef could lose much of its biodiversity within the next few decades. This would not only be a tragedy for marine life but also have destructive consequences for the millions of people who depend on the reef for their livelihoods. 26．What makes the Great Barrier Reef visible from space? A．Its UNESCO World Heritage status. B．The vibrant colors of coral polyps. C．Its length of over 2,300 kilometers. D．The high density of marine species. 27．Why are coral polyps essential to the reef’s structure? A．They provide nutrients to algae. B．They control water temperature and salinity. C．They protect the reef from plastic pollution. D．They form hard skeletons using calcium carbonate. 28．What is the main cause of coral bleaching? A．Agricultural runoff increasing salinity. B．Rising ocean temperatures forcing algae out. C．Overfishing destroying ecological balance. D．Plastic waste blocking sunlight penetration. 29．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about saving the Great Barrier Reef? A．Global cooperation is critical to its survival. B．Reducing tourism is the most urgent step. C．Technological solutions alone will succeed. D．Australia’s current efforts are sufficient. 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·陕西汉中·期末） Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it! Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice. It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup. In addition, takeaway coffee is not very common at all in Italy. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day. Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点). I have been spoiled for choice with lovely cafés in the Italian town I’m living in. These cafés sell different kinds of mouth-watering pastries — either plain (无馅料的) or filled with cream, chocolate, etc.—as well as delicious coffee. Cappuccinos are very popular at breakfast time and, for me, a creamy cappuccino and a pastry with chocolate is the perfect way to start the day. Finally, I have found that coffee in Italy is so much cheaper than coffee in the UK. Normally, an espresso or a macchiato costs around a euro and a cappuccino about 1.50! They are small, of course, but this means that in Italy it is possible to go out for coffee every day without breaking the bank. 30．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By following the time order. B．By making a comparison. C．By quoting some old sayings. D．By showing its influence. 31．Which coffee will you get in Italy if you order one without special instructions? A．Espresso. B．Lungo. C．Cappuccino. D．Macchiato. 32．What can we learn about the coffee culture in Italy? A．Takeaway coffee is very popular among Italians. B．Italians are very often seen drinking huge coffees. C．Italians like to take short breaks from work for coffee. D．Coffees are often served along with pastries during breakfasts. 33．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Art. C．Culture. D．History. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山西太原·期末） Sugar painting, as the name means, is a painting made of sugar. It’s the sugar for us to taste, and the painting for us to admire. Since the Warring States Period (战国时代) , the ancient people loved sweets and developed methods of producing sugar. In the Tang Dynasty, there was huge progress in the technology of sugar making. And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people’s homes. With the cultural and economic (经济的) development of Song and Yuan Dynasties, people became less interested in only tasting sweetness. In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared. Sugar painting is different from normal painting. Sugar painters use syrup (糖浆) as the material, a spoon as the “paintbrush”, and a smooth table as the “paper”. To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly. They move the spoon full of syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting is done. However, it’s a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What’s worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters. For most people, painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand. However, sugar painting has pulled the art down into people’s daily lives. Through it, we may see the spiritual support of the ancient people across centuries. Now, sugar painting has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. Therefore, the art should be remembered, missed and passed on. 34．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．People in the Warring States Period already knew how to make sugar paintings. B．In the Tang Dynasty, sugar was still only served to the emperors and prince s. C．Sugar painters need to heat sugar to make syrup before creating sugar paintings. D．There are many young people learning the art of sugar painting nowadays. 35．When did sugar painting appear? A．In the Warring States Period. B．In the Tang Dynasty. C．In the Yuan Dynasty. D．In the Ming Dynasty. 36．Why should sugar painters make the work very quickly? A．To show their excellent skills. B．To avoid syrup becoming hard. C．To protect the spoon and the table. D．To reduce people’s waiting time. 37．What’s the writer’s attitude towards today’s sugar painting according to Paragraph 4? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Unclear. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西·期末） Today’s teenagers are earning and spending money in new ways — but many still need help with saving. A recent study by the Youth Money Alliance (YMA) shows that 68% of teens aged 13-18 make their own money through jobs, online work, or selling things like handmade crafts or used clothes. However, only 38% have a savings account, and more than half (55%) say they’ve bought things like sneakers or video games without thinking twice in the past month. To fix this, schools and communities are starting new programs. In Boston, high school students join “Finance Fridays”, where they practice managing fake money in a stock market game. Ethan Chen, a 15-year-old student, said, “I lost $500 at first, but I learned to spread out my investments!” Another group, Teen trek, holds weekend workshops where teens plan a trip to Europe. Mia Torres,16, said, “I realized I’d need $3,000 for a 10-day trip. Now I’m selling my old clothes to save money!” Technology is also helping. Apps like BusyKid and FamZoo let parents give teens chores, pay them digitally, and even teach them to invest small amounts in stocks. Maria Lopes, a parent in Miami, said, “My daughter used to spend all her money on junk food. Now she saves 20% every month and uses the app to track her spending. She even asked for a raise in her allowance by showing me her budget!” But some experts worry that relying too much on apps might not be good. Financial advisor Jake Thompson says, “Teens need to handle cash, bargain at yard sales, and learn to wait for things they want. Apps are helpful, but they can’t replace real-life practice.” As more teens face financial decisions, learning to manage money is becoming more important than ever. 38．Based on the YMA study, what do most teens aged 13-18 do? A．Buy in a hurry. B．Open a savings account. C．Plan purchases carefully. D．Create their own brands. 39．How does Ethan Chen describe his experience in the “Finance Fridays” program? A．He earned $500 by selling clothes. B．He saved $500 for a trip to Europe. C．He invested all his money in video games. D．He lost $500 at first but learned to invest his money. 40．What does Maria Lopes’ daughter do to manage her money? A．She saves 20% of her allowance and tracks her spending with an app. B．She asks for a raise in her allowance without showing a budget. C．She spends all her money on junk food. D．She invests all her money in stocks. 41．What can we infer about Jake Thompson’s opinion on financial apps? A．He claims that apps are ineffective and should be banned. B．He thinks apps are the only way for teens to learn about money. C．He believes apps should completely replace real-life money handling. D．He agrees that apps are useful but must be combined with real-world practice. 主题01 人与社会——艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山西临汾·期末） Have you noticed how upbeat, happy songs can give you energy, while calm, soft tunes (曲调) can help you relax? Music really shapes people’s moods, and getting lost in it can help you enjoy the magic of music even more. “Getting lost in music” means concentrating on the music so hard that you shut out your other thoughts for a short time. Here is a quite common situation: People often play tunes while they are doing something else, like reading a book or talking to friends. However, experts say if you try out different styles of music and listen closely to things like rhythm, you get more benefits and let it change how you are feeling in that moment. Music is a language everyone understands and has brought humans together for thousands of years. Scientists say this is because it gives off different chemicals in the brain that make you feel happy and closer to others. If you’ve studied for a test by singing your time tables, you’ll know how music can improve your memory. Research shows that listening to calm tunes reduces stress and even helps people feel less pain. In fact, music lights up nearly every part of the brain, and there could even be benefits that haven’t been discovered yet. How can you get lost in music? Start by listening to types of music you haven’t tried before, says author Ben Ratliff. Focus on different parts of the tune, such as rhythm. Listen to the drums and notice whether the pattern of beats stays the same or surprises you. Music from Cuba or Brazil, such as samba, is good for trying this. Listening while moving connects you closely to the sound, says Ratliff, so dance around your room and notice how the song changes. Use your senses to understand what the musician is trying to tell you, so imagine you can see, feel and even taste the song. Is it hard like metal or does it taste like melted chocolate? By listening carefully, you can get the most from music and have fun dancing too. 42．Why does the writer put a question at the beginning? A．To make a comparison. B．To expect correct answers. C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To find favorite music pieces. 43．What writing technique is used in Paragraph 2? A．Listing examples. B．Providing data. C．Explaining the cause and effect. D．Following the order of time. 44．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Mental health. B．Music benefits. C．Test preparations. D．Language influence. 45．Why does Ratliff suggest dancing around the room in Paragraph 4? A．To learn Brazil samba. B．To tell different tune parts. C．To become more energetic. D．To connect closely to music. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山西·期末） Many people think getting fit means spending more time in the gym. However, fitness experts suggest that taking breaks, like a “deload week”, can improve your results. A deload week is a period when you reduce the intensity (强度) of your works. It is usually done every four to eight weeks, especially during intense training. This break allows your body to recover from the stress caused by heavy exercise. When you train hard, your muscles develop small tears, and inflammation (发炎) occurs. This process is necessary for building strength, but recovery is just as important. Without rest, your muscles may stay in a damaged state, leading to poor performance and less effective training. Deload weeks give your muscles time to recover and improve. Some gym-goers worry that taking breaks might make them lose progress. But studies show that muscles have a “memory”. After rest, your muscles respond better and grow faster when you start training again. Even after several weeks of reduced training, your strength can return quickly, often faster than it took to get to that level in the first place. Rest also helps prevent over-training syndrome (综合症状), which happens when you exercise too much without enough recovery. Symptoms include tiredness, poorer performance, and feeling bad. Over-training can take weeks or even months to overcome. It’s clear that recovery time is important for both fitness and overall health. Rest days mean little or no exercise, usually once or twice a week. Deload weeks, on the other hand, still include light workouts but at a much lower intensity. Both help recovery and improve fitness. For those training intensely for events like marathons, both rest days and deload weeks should be included. General gym-goers, working out less often, may not need deload weeks as often. Fitness experts recommend adding a deload week every four to six weeks. If performance starts to drop, it might be time to include one. Deload weeks not only help fitness but also protect overall health. 46．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2? A．Explain an idea. B．Correct a mistake. C．Give an example. D．Make a comparison. 47．Why are some gym-goers worried about taking breaks? A．It would take too much time. B．It might influence their progress. C．It may change the exercise plan. D．It could stop their muscles growing. 48．What do fitness experts suggest? A．Building strength in our upper body. B．Keeping track of our workout partners. C．Resting for one week after intense training. D．Scheduling time to recover in workout plans. 49．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．One Side Effect of Over-training B．A Misunderstanding About Sports Events C．Reasons Behind Positive Changes D．The Importance of Rest in Fitness Training Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西汉中·期末） Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland. Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. What draws visitors most is its famous festivals in the summer, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world. Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city. Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you can get so much out of the city. The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding places to park. We have a great congregate team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September, you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending time in the many local cafes, meeting up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain! Without doubt, my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Many of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can retrospect my own childhood with my son! 50．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most? A．Its long history. B．Its beautiful scenery. C．Its famous festivals. D．Its comfortable weather. 51．What can we infer about the Cycling Gardeners from the passage? A．They prefer driving cars to riding bikes. B．They often have trouble finding parking spots. C．Their main work area is located outside the city centre. D．Their work efficiency is improved by using electric bikes. 52．What does the underlined word “retrospect” most likely mean in the last paragraph? A．Review. B．Revise. C．Record. D．Remove. 53．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The History of Edinburgh. B．A Local’s Loving View of Edinburgh. C．Edinburgh’s Transportation Problems. D．The Famous Festivals in Edinburgh. 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·青海西宁·期末） Last year, hundreds of people’ spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. M any would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives. However, by the end of the trip many were already planning a return to Qomolangma. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful. British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is pure joy. We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you.” With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature, with some of us more likely to take risks than others. Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill”. Speaking to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities, Farley said, “They’ll say, ‘I’m not taking risks, I’m an expert...’ They don’t want to die and they don’t expect to die.” With this in mind, is climbing Qomolangma worth the risks? It’s totally up to you. 54．Why did many Qomolangma climbers decide to try again? A．They hoped to stay away from the crowds. B．They found the challenging experience unique. C．They were unwilling to waste the money used. D．They thought climbing Qomolangma was an easy task. 55．What’s George Mallory’s attitude towards climbing Qomolangma? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 56．According to Frank Farley, which of the following best describes “Type T” people? A．Sports-loving. B．Quick-minded. C．Strong-willed. D．Thrill-seeking; 57．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life’s Meaning From Risk-Taking? B．Climbing Qomolangma Worth the Risk? C．What to Prepare Before the Risk-Taking? D．How to Avoid Danger From Climbing Qomolangma? Passage 2 （24-25高一下·陕西渭南·期末） Axolotls (蝾螈) — the cute and charming creatures made famous by the video game “Minecraft” — are in a free fall. Pollution, modern farming, and the introduction of invasive (入侵的) fish that hunt and eat the endangered species have reduced their habitat to the waterways of a single lake in Mexico. But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, Justine McDaniel reported for The Washington Post. “This is a huge step because in conservation programs when you have animals raised by people and you take them back to the wild... there are a lot of deaths,” Alejandra Ramos, the study’s lead author said. Axolotls have long been bred in labs and are popular pets, but increasing their numbers in the wild has proven to be a much greater challenge. The study stuck radio transmitters onto 18 axolotls that would allow them to be tracked, then set free eight into Mexico City’s Lake Xochimilco and 10 into a man-made wetland. At least twice a day for 40 days, researchers visited both sites to collect data. The researchers found that the axolotls introduced to a man-made pond also endured, a promising finding for the potential of artificial wetlands to aid axolotl conservation, the study authors said. That finding matters if their habitat doesn’t recover or if climate change worsens, Esther Quintero, a Conservation International-Mexico biologist said. Conservation International is supporting a project in Lake Xochimilco to bring back the axolotl’s natural habitat by returning to ancestral farming practices. By supporting farmers’ change to pesticide-free farming and helping put in biofilters (生物过滤器) to clean the water, the project aims to restore these waters so axolotls can live well in the future. “Saving the axolotl goes beyond liking this creature that is really lovely,” Quintero said. “There is no future for any species without its habitat.” 58．What may prevent Axolotls from going extinct according to the study? A．Hunting invasive fish B．Monitoring their life. C．A ban on hunting them. D．Feeding under human care. 59．What`s Alejandra Ramos’ attitude to the finding? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 60．What does the underlined word “endured” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Survived. B．Escaped. C．Approached. D．Responded. 61．What’s the suitable title of the text? A．Axolotls: Target of Researchers B．Foreign Species: Threat to Axolotls C．Being Raised: Axolotls’ New Hope D．Habitat: Axolotls’ Surviving Key Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西汉中·期末） A fairy penguin, also known as a little penguin, lives on the coastal areas of southern Australia and New Zealand. Fairy penguins are important to the ecosystem because they eat fish, which benefits the ocean’s food chain balance. They also help fertilize (施肥) the land with their waste, which helps plants grow. But pollution causes a threat to them. Plastic waste in the ocean can harm the penguins by getting caught around their necks or in their stomachs, leading to injury or death. Plastic pollution is a growing problem in our oceans, and it is having a serious impact on the health of sea life, including penguins. The digestion of plastic waste can lead to hunger and other health problems. Studies have found that penguins have digested plastic waste such as bottle caps and fishing lines. Plastic debris (碎片) can be easily mistaken for food by penguins, as it is similar to their food in size, shape and color. Once eaten, the plastic remains in their stomachs, causing blockages, which can impact the penguins’ overall health. Plastic waste can also affect the behavior of fairy penguins. Studies have shown that plastic pollution can have an effect on the normal behavior of penguins, leading to decreased food intake and reduced reproductive success. The digestion of plastic waste has also been found to cause stress in penguins, leading to changes in behavior and a decreased ability to cope with other stress. To deal with the issue of plastic pollution, conservation (保护) work has been done to protect the penguins. These efforts include protecting their habitats, reducing pollution, cleaning the beach and educating people about how they can help. Scientists are also working to better understand the impacts of climate change so they can develop more effective ways. Some efforts have already had success, such as reducing oil pollution and protecting breeding sites. However, these are far from enough. We must take early action to reduce pollution and address climate change, not just for the penguins, but for all sea lives. 62．Which statement about fairy penguins will the author probably disagree with? A．They help plants grow. B．They are endangered animals. C．They keep the ocean’s food balance. D．They might get injured by plastic waste. 63．Why are penguins easily likely to mistake plastic debris for food? A．Plastic debris looks like their food in size, shape and color. B．Plastic debris releases a smell similar to their daily food. C．Penguins have poor eyesight to distinguish plastic from food. D．Penguins are often very hungry and eat anything they find. 64．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2 and 3? A．The efforts made to protect penguins. B．The ways to solve plastic pollution. C．The causes of plastic waste in the ocean. D．The effects of plastic pollution on penguins. 65．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The efforts made haven’t yet got good results. B．Some conservation ways are difficult to carry out. C．More efforts need to be done to protect penguins. D．Climate change’s impacts have been fully understood. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·山西晋中·期末） You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi — wireless Internet service — and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the US capital, Washington D．C． Fewer than 150 people live in Green Bank; which has two churches, an elementary school and a public library. It is also home to the largest radio telescope in the world. There is a ban (禁令) on Wi-Fi in Green Bank, along with anything else that can create electromagnetic (电磁的) waves. Officials say the waves could disturb the telescope receives. For many Americans, a visit to Green Bank is a little like returning to the 1950s. To get there, you must read road signs because there is no GPS service in the town. People can connect with the Internet through telephones, but wireless service is not allowed. The observatory (天文台) is one of the largest employers in the area. The National Science Foundation (NSF) spends about $8.2 million a year to operate the observatory, telescope and educational center. Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. But once a week, when the device is cleaned, some banned devices are allowed near it. People in the town respect the work of the scientists. And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here with our phones and other devices we’re out fishing, hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face to face. 66．What will you see when you pay a visit to Green Bank? A．GPS service. B．Guide posts. C．Cellphone towers. D．Radio-controlled toys. 67．What is Jonah Bauserman’s duty in his work? A．Following signals from cellphones. B．Cleaning the telescope once a week. C．Listening for signals from outer space. D．Protecting the telescope from being affected. 68．What has the telescope brought to the local people? A．Great wealth. B．Many job chances. C．A healthier lifestyle. D．Much difficulty in life. 69．What may be the best title for this text? A．An American Town Without Wi-Fi and Mobile Phones B．Good relationships Between People in an American Town C．The largest Radio telescope in the World D．A Better Life Without Wireless Devices / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·宁夏银川·期末） “Digital switching” is a term refers to the modern habit of scrolling through and fast-forwarding online videos. Researchers from Canada did some exploration of it. Kay Y.Y.Tam, a psychology researcher, launched the study after noticing herself — and pretty much everyone else — swiping through online videos. This behavior was connected with the “Boredom Feedback Model”, a theory she had published in 2021. Boredom, she proposed, is rooted in attention shifts. These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. The unpleasant emotion can develop when a situation lacks novelty or meaning. “As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom,” Tam said. In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. On average, they skipped eight times — but reported feeling more bored and less engaged when they watched the single video. Participants had a similar experience in another similar experiment. “I’m convinced that switching, when it comes to videos, is not a good idea if the goal is to have an enjoyable experience,” said Erin Westgate, a professor of psychology. “Sitting and toughing it out is likely a better choice.” The new findings add to a growing body of evidence that boredom is on the rise, despite a world filled with content we can access at all times. People who are bored often turn to their phones, only to feel more bored. Swiping on social media has also been linked to increased feelings of boredom. Boredom can motivate people to explore their environment and to stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer. However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. 1．What is the cause of attention shifts according to Tam’s theory? A．The unsatisfied desire. B．The feeling of boredom. C．The degree of engagement. D．The lack of emotion. 2．What is the primary purpose of Tam’s study? A．To prove the accuracy of the Boredom Feedback Model. B．To examine the impact of digital switching on boredom. C．To compare boredom levels between students and adults. D．To identify solutions for reducing digital switching. 3．How was Tam’s study conducted? A．By tracking phone data from students. B．By comparing two video-watching conditions. C．By measuring boredom changes over time. D．By surveying digital habits. 4．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To solve a problem. B．To give a suggestion. C．To raise a question. D．To give a warning. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍加拿大研究人员对“数字切换”这一在线视频浏览习惯展开的研究，探讨其与无聊感之间的关联，以及相关研究发现和启示。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These shifts often occur when there’s a gap between how engaged people actually feel and how engaged they want to feel. (这些注意力的转移通常发生在人们实际感受到的投入程度与他们想要感受到的投入程度之间存在差距的时候。)”可知，按照Tam的理论，注意力转移的原因是未得到满足的期望，也就是未满足的欲望，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As digital switching involves frequent attention shifts, I wondered how this behavior might influence our feelings of boredom (由于数字切换涉及频繁的注意力转移，我想知道这种行为可能会如何影响我们的无聊感)可知，Tam研究的主要目的是研究数字切换对无聊感的影响，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In her study, more than 1,200 participants, many of them university students, first watched a single video for ten minutes. They were then presented with seven shorter videos, with the option to skip to the next. (在她的研究中，1200多名参与者，其中许多是大学生，首先观看一个十分钟的单一视频。然后他们会看到七个较短的视频，并且可以选择跳到下一个。)”可知，研究通过让参与者处于两种不同的观看视频条件（观看一个长视频和观看多个可切换的短视频）来进行，从而对比分析，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, if we rely too much on quick escapes, it would be like an animal jumping from tree to tree in search of food without staying long enough to see if a tree bears fruit. That animal risks starvation. (然而，如果我们过于依赖快速逃避，这就像一只动物从一棵树跳到另一棵树寻找食物，却没有停留足够长的时间去看看一棵树是否结果。那只动物有饿死的风险。)”可知，作者通过类比，警告人们如果过度依赖像数字切换这样的快速逃避方式来应对无聊，可能会面临不良后果，所以最后一段的主要目的是发出警告，故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·陕西西安·期末） For over 60 years, NASA has been using Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS), a type of nuclear (原子能的) “battery”, to power spacecraft and enable them to travel to some of the darkest, coldest, and farthest reaches of our solar system. If you could plan an RPS-powered mission to any moon in our solar system, which moon would you choose to unlock its mysteries? K-12 students, your task is to plan a mission that uses RPS to get to a dark, dusty, or faraway moon in our solar system. NASA wants to know what you plan to explore, the discoveries you hope to make, and what your special power is to help you achieve mission success. Your plan should address all three topics below: ●Dark, dusty, or distant mission destination: Tell us which moon your RPS-powered space mission will go to and describe your mission goal(s). ●RPS: Explain the importance and advantages of using RPS for this mission. Explain how this technology overcomes the challenges of extreme environments and destinations. ●Your power: NASA missions are also powered by people — from mission planning and development to designing, launching, and operating a spacecraft. Tell us what you think your unique power is and how your special power will help you achieve mission success. Your power could be a skill, personal characteristics, or your personal strength that is unique to you. Every student who puts forward a plan will receive a digital certificate (证书) and an invitation to a virtual event with NASA experts, where students will learn about what powers the NASA workforce to dream big and explore. Three national finalists in each grade category (9 finalists total) will receive a particular virtual session with a NASA RPS expert. 5．Who are the competition intended for? A．NASA engineers. B．University professors. C．Professional astronauts. D．Students in certain grades. 6．What must be included in the plans? A．A list of NASA’s past missions. B．A unique power and its application. C．A detailed map of the solar system. D．A comparison of different power systems. 7．What will be offered to every student with a plan? A．A job offer from NASA． B．A free trip to a space center. C．A certificate and online event access. D．A face-to-face meeting with NASA RPS expert. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 NASA 发起的一项面向 K-12 学生的任务规划活动。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“K-12 students, your task is to plan a mission that uses RPS to get to a dark, dusty, or faraway moon in our solar system.(K-12的学生们，你们的任务是计划一项任务，利用RPS到达我们太阳系中一个黑暗、尘土飞扬或遥远的月球。)”可知，此次活动是针对 K-12 年级的学生，也就是某些特定年级的学生。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第六段“Your power: NASA missions are also powered by people — from mission planning and development to designing, launching, and operating a spacecraft. Tell us what you think your unique power is and how your special power will help you achieve mission success. Your power could be a skill, personal characteristics, or your personal strength that is unique to you.(你的力量：NASA的任务也是由人提供动力的——从任务规划和开发到设计、发射和操作航天器。告诉我们你认为你的独特能力是什么，以及你的特殊能力将如何帮助你完成任务。你的力量可以是一项技能，个人特征，或者你独一无二的个人力量。)”可知，计划中必须包括一种独特的力量及其应用。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Every student who puts forward a plan will receive a digital certificate (证书) and an invitation to a virtual event with NASA experts, where students will learn about what powers the NASA workforce to dream big and explore.(每个提出计划的学生都将获得一份数字证书，并受邀参加与NASA专家一起举办的虚拟活动，在那里学生将了解是什么让NASA的工作人员有了远大的梦想和探索。)”可知，每个有计划的学生都能收到一个数字证书和参加与 NASA 专家的线上活动的邀请。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西西安·期末） To help our readers find the best bike sharing programs in their area, we reviewed platforms that are local and have options in a few large markets. Here are our top picks. Citi BikePrice: $4.49 per trip up to 30 minutes plus $0.26 added charge per additional minute Availability: Stations located across New York and New Jersey Programs: Single ride, day pass, monthly membership, annual membership Why We Chose It Whether you’re commuting (通勤) to work or exploring the city as a tourist you’ll be able to find a bike near to you and ride comfortably by planning a bike-safe route in the app. Capital BikesharePrice: $1 unlocking fee plus $0.05 per-minute charge Availability: Stations located across Washington, DC, Virginia, and Maryland Programs: Single ride, day pass, annual membership Why We Chose It Offering access to plenty of bikes around town and in surrounding cities in Maryland and Virginia, this Lyft-backed option also unlocks discounts for helmets and select activities in the area. Bay WheelsPrice: $3.49 per trip up to 30 minute plus $0.30 added charge per additional minute Availability: Stations located across California Programs: Single ride, monthly, annual membership Why We Chose It Current ride-share user will appreciate the program’s ease of use, with the ability to rent one of the thousands of bikes across 550 docking stations directly through the Lyft app. LyftPrice: Varies based on location Availability: Stations located across California, Illinois, Ohio, Colorado, Washington, DC, New York, and Oregon Programs: Single ride, day pass and membership options vary depending on city Why We Chose It Offering a wide availability of bikes in seven major markets, Lyft’s platform also provides the infrastructure (基础设施) for a number of top locally branded bike sharing companies in those locations. 8．How much does Citi Bike charge for an hour’s ride? A．$7.8. B．$15.6. C．$12.29. D．$20.29 9．What do Capital Bikeshare and Bay Wheels have in common? A．They offer the same programs. B．They are both backed by Lyft. C．They are both available in California. D．They share the same rules of charging. 10．What is an advantage of Lyft over the others? A．It is more widely available. B．It rents bikes of higher quality. C．It enjoys popularity worldwide. D．It provides discounts for helmets. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章旨在帮助读者找到所在地区最佳的共享单车项目，对当地及部分大型市场的共享单车平台进行评估。 8．细节理解题。根据Citi Bike 中的“Price: $4.49 per trip up to 30 minutes plus $0.26 added charge per additional minute (价格：30分钟内每次4.49美元，每多一分钟额外收费0.26美元)”可知一小时是60分钟，前30分钟费用为4.49美元，后30分钟费用为30×0.26=7.8美元，所以总费用是4.49+7.8=12.29美元。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据Capital Bikeshare中的“Offering access to plenty of bikes around town and in surrounding cities in Maryland and Virginia, this Lyft-backed option also unlocks discounts for helmets and select activities in the area. (在马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州的城镇和周边城市，人们可以使用大量的自行车，这个由Lyft支持的选择还可以为头盔和该地区的特定活动提供折扣)”和Bay Wheels中的“Current ride-share user will appreciate the program’s ease of use, with the ability to rent one of the thousands of bikes across 550 docking stations directly through the Lyft app. (现有的共享单车用户会喜欢这个项目的易用性，他们可以直接通过Lyft应用程序在550个停靠站租用数千辆自行车)”可知，二者都由Lyft支持。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据Capital Bikeshare中的“Offering a wide availability of bikes in seven major markets, Lyft’s platform also provides the infrastructure (基础设施) for a number of top locally branded bike sharing companies in those locations. (Lyft的平台在七个主要市场提供广泛的自行车供应，还为这些地区的一些顶级本土品牌共享单车公司提供基础设施)”可知，相比其他几个项目，其覆盖范围更广。故选A。 Passage 4 （23-24高一下·山西太原·期末） Correct First Aid Misbeliefs As for parenting, first aid knowledge is important. Yet there exist several commonly held beliefs that, unfortunately, are incorrect. These mistaken beliefs can stop us effectively responding to emergencies involving our children. Here are the current recommendations from the Red Cross for each misunderstanding. NosebleedsIncorrect: Put cotton wool balls into the nose to stop the bleeding. Why: In reality, putting them into your kids’ nose can prevent blood clotting (凝结) and likely make the bleeding worse. Correct: ●Sit forward and squeeze the nostrils below the bridge to close the nose for 10-15 minutes. Breathe through the mouth during this time. ●After the bleeding stops, don’t blow, rub or pick the nose. BurnsIncorrect: Immediately apply ice or butter for heat burns to relieve the pain. Why: Ice applied directly to burned skin can increase skin damage. It slows healing and makes it harder for a doctor to treat the burned area. Correct: ●Cool the burned area with cool water for 10 minutes. ●Cover the burn loosely with a clean bandage. If the burn gets worse or infected, see a doctor. FeverIncorrect: Use rubbing alcohol to lower a fever. Why: Wiping rubbing alcohol on the skin doesn’t cool the body or reduce fever. And it can be absorbed through skin, especially for your kids and babies, causing alcohol poisoning. Correct: ●Give fever-reducing medicine. ●Call a doctor if you’re unsure or the fever doesn’t go away. 11．What is the correct practice for a nose bleeding according to the text? A．Blocking the nose with cotton. B．Holding the nose closed for a moment. C．Blowing the nose to clear blood. D．Raising arms to a certain height. 12．What is the mistaken belief about the treatment of burns? A．Butter can worsen the burned area. B．Cool water cannot touch the burns. C．Ice can relieve the pain immediately. D．The burned area can’t be covered by a bandage. 13．Which of the following is the side effect of using the alcohol to lower a fever? A．Alcohol poisoning. B．Skin damage. C．Higher temperature. D．Pain and discomfort. 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在育儿过程中，一些常见的急救误区以及正确的急救方法。 11．细节理解题。根据Nosebleeds部分中“Correct: ●Sit forward and squeeze the nostrils below the bridge to close the nose for 10-15 minutes. Breathe through the mouth during this time.”（正确的做法是：●坐直，捏住鼻梁下的鼻孔，闭住鼻子10-15分钟。在此期间用嘴呼吸。）可知，正确的处理流鼻血的方法是捏住鼻孔一段时间。故选B项。 12．细节理解题。根据Burns部分中“Incorrect: Immediately apply ice or butter for heat burns to relieve the pain. Why: Ice applied directly to burned skin can increase skin damage.”（错误的做法：立即用冰或黄油来缓解热烧伤的疼痛。为什么：直接将冰敷在烧伤的皮肤上会增加皮肤损伤。）可知，烧伤治疗的错误观念是认为冰可以立即缓解疼痛。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据Fever部分中“And it can be absorbed through skin, especially for your kids and babies, causing alcohol poisoning.”（而且它可以通过皮肤吸收，尤其是对孩子和婴儿，会引起酒精中毒。）可知，使用酒精来降温的副作用是酒精中毒。故选A项 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山西·期末） Dolphins are some of the noisiest and smartest animals in the ocean. They live in groups and use many different sounds—clicks, whistles (哨声), and buzzing noises—to communicate with each other and find their way underwater. One of the most interesting things about dolphins is that they use special whistles as names. These “signature whistles” are unique to each dolphin. The whistles are produced by one individual and repeated by another—like saying “Jeff, Jeff”—to re-establish contact. This shows dolphins can learn and remember sounds, which is a big step for animal communication. But dolphins have-another talent: they appear to be using a wide range of whistles that are not names. So far, researchers have identified 22 of these “non-signature whistles” used by dozens of dolphins. “We have these non-signature whistles that seem like they could function like words of some kind, with specific meanings,” says Laela Sayigh, a marine biologist, Two of the whistles—with the catchy names NSWA and NSWB—seem to have special uses, one sounding an alarm, the other asking a question, respectively. The research comes from the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program in Florida. For over 40years, scientists have been recording dolphin sounds using special underwater microphones and tags (标签) attached to the dolphins’ backs. These tags record high-quality sounds and movement underwater, helping scientists build a huge library of dolphin calls. In one case, two dolphins heard their own signature whistles played from a speaker. They answered with the NSWB whistle—maybe asking, “What’s going on?” In another case, when NSWA was played, many dolphins swam away, which made researchers think it might be an alarm sound. Although it’s still too early to say dolphins have a full language like humans, clearly there’s a lot of complexity in what they do as it is. They use names, ask questions, and maybe even warn each other of danger. If any animal can “talk” in a language-like way, dolphins might just be the best example we have. 14．What is the purpose of “signature whistles” for dolphins? A．To attract their mates. B．To identify themselves. C．To drive away hunters. D．To find food underwater. 15．Why do scientists conduct the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program? A．To train dolphins to perform tasks. B．To build a theme park about dolphins. C．To ensure dolphins live in clean waters. D．To study dolphin sounds and movement. 16．One dolphin probably produces the NSWA whistle when ______ . A．the food is sufficient. B．it greets another dolphin. C．a danger is approaching. D．it wants to ask a question. 17．What can be learned about dolphin communication from the text? A．It is quite easy to understand. B．It is a fully developed language. C．It is available to a range of sea life. D．It is complex with various functions. 【答案】14．B 15．D 16．C 17．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海豚复杂的语音交流系统。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the most interesting things about dolphins is that they use special whistles as names. These “signature whistles” are unique to each dolphin. The whistles are produced by one individual and repeated by another—like saying “Jeff, Jeff”—to re-establish contact.(关于海豚最有趣的事情之一是它们使用特殊的哨声作为名字。这些“签名哨声”对每只海豚来说都是独一无二的。一只海豚发出这种哨声，另一只海豚重复它——就像说‘杰夫，杰夫’——来重新建立联系)”可知，“签名哨声”的作用是海豚用于识别自己，就如同它们独特的名字。故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For over 40 years, scientists have been recording dolphin sounds using special underwater microphones and tags (标签)attached to the dolphins’ backs. These tags record high-quality sounds and movement underwater, helping scientists build a huge library of dolphin calls.(40多年来，科学家们一直使用特殊的水下麦克风和附着在海豚背上的标签来记录海豚的声音。这些标签记录水下的高质量声音和行动，帮助科学家建立一个庞大的海豚叫声库)”可知，科学家进行萨拉索塔海豚研究项目的目的是研究海豚的声音和行动。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“In another case, when NSWA was played, many dolphins swam away, which made researchers think it might be an alarm sound.(在另一个案例中，当播放NSWA哨声时，许多海豚游走了，这让研究人员认为它可能是一种警报声)”可推断，当危险临近时，一只海豚可能会发出NSWA哨声。故选C项。 17．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Although it’s still too early to say dolphins have a full language like humans, clearly there’s a lot of complexity in what they do as it is. They use names, ask questions, and maybe even warn each other of danger.(虽然现在说海豚拥有像人类一样完整的语言还为时过早，但显然它们的交流方式本身就有很多复杂性。它们使用名字，提出问题，甚至可能互相警告危险)”可知，从文中可以了解到海豚的交流方式复杂且具有多种功能。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末） Cuckoos (杜鹃) are a well-known and much-loved species in the UK. They are a call of summer, travelling all the way from their wintering ground in Africa to breed on islands in the UK. Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. Researchers have been attaching satellite tags (标签) to cuckoos, which transmit real-time location data. This data reveals how long cuckoo s spend in the UK, when they leave, and which migration routes they take between the UK and Africa. The hope is that this data will give scientists a detailed understanding of cuckoo migration, the threats they face along the way, and the conservation measures that could be adopted to improve their chances of survival. The tags have already revealed many insights into cuckoo migration. It’s hoped that as data keeps coming in, scientists will better understand the factors that influence whether cuckoo s survive their migration, and therefore the best ways to help protect the species. It’s not just the scientists who have been eagerly tracking the tagged birds, though. The tags provide live location data which is published on an online map. Members of the public can therefore watch the cuckoos’ incredible journeys, too, and if you click on the individuals on the map, you can find out more about each bird. “This ongoing project opens a significant window on the wonders of migration, and our discoveries are helping to shape the way we look at bird migration more widely,” says lead scientist on the project, Dr. Chris Hewson. “It will also lay a foundation (基础) from which cuckoo conservation measures can be planned , increasing the likelihood that the call of these birds will grace our summers for generations to come.” 18．What are researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology trying to find out? A．Why there are fewer and fewer cuckoos. B．What happened to cuckoos’ habitat. C．How to make an online map for Africa. D．Where to look for new species. 19．How can the public take part in the cuckoo tracking project according to the passage? A．By contributing funds to the research. B．By participating in bird watching tours. C．By observing the birds in their natural habitat. D．By following the live location data online. 20．What does Dr. Chris Hewson think of the project? A．It inspires the public’s passion for technology. B．It shows the exact population of cuckoos in the UK. C．It lays a foundation for the species’ conservation. D．It will help cuckoo s choose a safer migration route. 21．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Cuckoos’ Migration Routes B．Tracking Cuckoos’ Journeys C．Decline of New Species in the UK D．Conservation Measures for Birds 【答案】18．A 19．D 20．C 21．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在研究杜鹃数量急剧下降的原因，他们通过给杜鹃安装卫星标签来追踪其迁徙情况，同时公众也能通过网络参与追踪项目，该项目为杜鹃物种的保护奠定了基础。 18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. (不幸的是，杜鹃在英国的数量急剧下降。自1995年以来，它们的繁殖种群数量减少了35%。英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在试图找出这种下降的原因)”可知，英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在试图找出为什么杜鹃越来越少。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The tags provide live location data which is published on an online map. Members of the public can therefore watch the cuckoos’ incredible journeys, too, and if you click on the individuals on the map, you can find out more about each bird. (这些标签提供实时位置数据，并发布在在线地图上。因此，公众也可以观看杜鹃不可思议的旅程，如果你点击地图上的个体，你可以了解更多关于每只鸟的信息)”可知，公众可以通过在线跟踪实时位置数据来参与杜鹃追踪项目。故选D。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It will also lay a foundation (基础) from which cuckoo conservation measures can be planned, increasing the likelihood that the call of these birds will grace our summers for generations to come. (它还将为制定杜鹃保护措施奠定基础，增加这些鸟的叫声在未来几代人的夏天都能听到的可能性)”可知，克里斯·休森博士认为该项目为物种保护奠定了基础。故选C。 21．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, cuckoos are facing a dramatic decline in the UK. Since 1995, their breeding population has decreased by 35%. Why this decline is occurring is something researchers at the British Trust for Ornithology (鸟类学) are trying to find out, and they are using some high-tech equipment to do so. (不幸的是，杜鹃在英国的数量急剧下降。自1995年以来，它们的繁殖种群数量减少了35%。英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在试图找出这种下降的原因，他们正在使用一些高科技设备来做到这一点)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了英国鸟类学信托基金的研究人员正在研究杜鹃数量急剧下降的原因，他们通过给杜鹃安装卫星标签来追踪其迁徙情况，同时公众也能通过网络参与追踪项目，该项目为杜鹃物种的保护奠定了基础。由此可知，B选项“追踪杜鹃的旅程”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·陕西咸阳·期末） For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon, growing crops will be important. Now, scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface, after showing it’s possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥), a small flowering plant, in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions, and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement. “For future, longer space missions, we may use the moon as a launching platform,” explained Professor Rob Ferl. “It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that’s already there to grow plants.” Until now, scientists have not grown plants in the soil. “So, what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers?” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions, researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil, add water, nutrients and light, and see what happened. The researchers chose to use thale cross because its genetic code has already been fully mapped. For comparison, the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils, including those that are similar to the Martian soil. To their delight, the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew. However, they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grow n in the control soils. Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself,” according to Dr. Stephen Elardo. “The moon is a very, very dry place,” he said. How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 22．What’s the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 23．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. 24．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn’t grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 25．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn’t need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. 【答案】22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。 22．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions(任务), and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.（这一发现增加了人们对未来太空任务期间在月球上种植植物的希望，甚至使人类能够在月球上建立一个定居点。）”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code(基因序列)has already been fully mapped.（研究人员选择使用荠蓝，因为它的基因序列已经完全绘制出来了。）”可知，研究人员在实验中使用荠蓝是因为人们对它的基因有很好的了解。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller, while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size.（一些在月球土壤中生长的植物较小，而另一些生长较慢或大小不一。）”可知，研究人员发现生长在月球土壤中的植物生长得不够好。故选A。 25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them, with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies.”（加上增加的水和营养，月球土壤中的矿物质对在其中种植植物会有什么反应？加水会使矿物质对植物更友好吗?研究人员希望在后续研究中回答这些问题。）可知，在月球土壤中种植植物还存在一些问题需要解决。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·宁夏银川·期末） The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is one of the most extraordinary natural wonders on Earth. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is not only the largest coral reef system in the world but is also visible from space. Home to thousands of species of marine life(海洋生物), including fish, turtles, sharks, and corals, the reef is a biodiversity hot spot and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reef’s vibrant ecosystem is built by tiny organisms called coral polyps (珊瑚虫). These creatures produce calcium carbonate (碳酸盐) to form hard skeletons, which over time create the complex structures we recognize as coral reefs. The reef’s health depends on a delicate balance of environmental conditions, including water temperature, salinity, and sunlight. However, the Great Barrier Reef faces significant threats. Climate change is the most pressing issue, as rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching — a phenomenon where corals dismiss the algae (海藻) that give them color and nutrients. Without these algae, corals turn white and become more easily to pick up disease. Pollution from agricultural irrigation and plastic waste further worsen the problem, while overfishing disrupts the reef’s ecological balance. Efforts to protect the reef are underway. The Australian government has put stricter regulations into effect on fishing and pollution, and scientists are exploring innovative solutions such as coral farming and genetic engineering to restore damaged areas. Despite these efforts, the future of the Great Barrier Reef remains uncertain. Experts warn that without immediate and collective global action, the reef could lose much of its biodiversity within the next few decades. This would not only be a tragedy for marine life but also have destructive consequences for the millions of people who depend on the reef for their livelihoods. 26．What makes the Great Barrier Reef visible from space? A．Its UNESCO World Heritage status. B．The vibrant colors of coral polyps. C．Its length of over 2,300 kilometers. D．The high density of marine species. 27．Why are coral polyps essential to the reef’s structure? A．They provide nutrients to algae. B．They control water temperature and salinity. C．They protect the reef from plastic pollution. D．They form hard skeletons using calcium carbonate. 28．What is the main cause of coral bleaching? A．Agricultural runoff increasing salinity. B．Rising ocean temperatures forcing algae out. C．Overfishing destroying ecological balance. D．Plastic waste blocking sunlight penetration. 29．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about saving the Great Barrier Reef? A．Global cooperation is critical to its survival. B．Reducing tourism is the most urgent step. C．Technological solutions alone will succeed. D．Australia’s current efforts are sufficient. 【答案】26．C 27．D 28．B 29．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大堡礁位于澳大利亚昆士兰海岸，是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统，拥有丰富的海洋生物多样性。阐述了其生态系统由珊瑚虫构建，然而如今大堡礁面临诸多威胁，如气候变化、污染和过度捕捞等，澳大利亚政府及科学家虽已采取保护措施，但它的未来仍取决于全球的共同行动。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段“Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it is not only the largest coral reef system in the world but is also visible from space.(它绵延超过 2300 公里，不仅是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统，而且从太空也能看到)” 可知，大堡礁因其超过 2300 公里的长度而能从太空被看见。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段“These creatures produce calcium carbonate (碳酸盐) to form hard skeletons, which over time create the complex structures we recognize as coral reefs.(这些生物产生碳酸钙形成坚硬的骨骼，随着时间的推移，形成了我们所熟知的珊瑚礁这种复杂结构)” 可知，珊瑚虫对珊瑚礁结构至关重要是因为它们用碳酸钙形成坚硬的骨骼。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据第三段“Climate change is the most pressing issue, as rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching — a phenomenon where corals dismiss the algae (海藻) that give them color and nutrients.(气候变化是最紧迫的问题，因为不断上升的海洋温度导致珊瑚白化 —— 这是一种珊瑚排出赋予它们颜色和营养的藻类的现象)” 可知，珊瑚白化的主要原因是不断上升的海洋温度迫使藻类排出。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Experts warn that without immediate and collective global action, the reef could lose much of its biodiversity within the next few decades.(专家警告说，如果没有立即的全球集体行动，大堡礁可能在未来几十年内失去大部分生物多样性)” 可知，全球合作对大堡礁的生存至关重要。故选A。 主题03 人与社会——社会与文化 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·陕西汉中·期末） Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it! Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice. It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup. In addition, takeaway coffee is not very common at all in Italy. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day. Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点). I have been spoiled for choice with lovely cafés in the Italian town I’m living in. These cafés sell different kinds of mouth-watering pastries — either plain (无馅料的) or filled with cream, chocolate, etc.—as well as delicious coffee. Cappuccinos are very popular at breakfast time and, for me, a creamy cappuccino and a pastry with chocolate is the perfect way to start the day. Finally, I have found that coffee in Italy is so much cheaper than coffee in the UK. Normally, an espresso or a macchiato costs around a euro and a cappuccino about 1.50! They are small, of course, but this means that in Italy it is possible to go out for coffee every day without breaking the bank. 30．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? A．By following the time order. B．By making a comparison. C．By quoting some old sayings. D．By showing its influence. 31．Which coffee will you get in Italy if you order one without special instructions? A．Espresso. B．Lungo. C．Cappuccino. D．Macchiato. 32．What can we learn about the coffee culture in Italy? A．Takeaway coffee is very popular among Italians. B．Italians are very often seen drinking huge coffees. C．Italians like to take short breaks from work for coffee. D．Coffees are often served along with pastries during breakfasts. 33．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage? A．Technology. B．Art. C．Culture. D．History. 【答案】30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了意大利独特的咖啡文化，包括偏好浓缩咖啡、站着吧台快速享用、早餐搭配糕点的习惯，以及相较于英国有更实惠的价格，展现出意大利人对咖啡的喜爱与日常生活中不可或缺的地位。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice. It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup. In addition, takeaway coffee is not very common at all in Italy. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day.(当然，咖啡在英国也很受欢迎，但意大利的咖啡文化完全是另一回事。在意大利，当你在咖啡馆或酒吧点咖啡时，你会得到一杯微苦的浓缩咖啡。这是意大利人的“普通咖啡”，他们对我们在英国喝的大杯咖啡不太感兴趣。在意大利，如果你想喝不止一口咖啡，lungo是一个不错的选择。这是一种浓缩咖啡，加了一点水，但仍然装在一个小杯子里。此外，外卖咖啡在意大利并不常见。一般来说，意大利人喜欢站在吧台边喝他们的小咖啡，对许多人来说，这个短暂的休息是他们一天中重要的一部分。)”可知本段通过对比意大利和英国的咖啡文化来展开论述，指出意大利人通常饮用浓缩咖啡，并且不太倾向于喝英国人常见的大杯咖啡。故选B。 31．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso. This is “normal coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. (在意大利，当你在咖啡馆或酒吧点咖啡时，你会得到一杯微苦的浓缩咖啡。这是意大利人的“普通咖啡”，他们对我们在英国喝的大杯咖啡不太感兴趣。)”可知，在意大利，如果不特别说明，点一杯咖啡默认就是浓缩咖啡（espresso）。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点). 通常，意大利酒吧的早餐包括咖啡和酥皮糕点。)”可知，在意大利，早餐通常包括咖啡和酥皮糕点。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第一段“Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it!(咖啡是意大利文化的重要组成部分，自从六个多月前来到这里，我喝了很多咖啡!)”并通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了意大利的咖啡文化，属于文化类话题。我们可以在杂志的“文化”部分读到这篇文章。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山西太原·期末） Sugar painting, as the name means, is a painting made of sugar. It’s the sugar for us to taste, and the painting for us to admire. Since the Warring States Period (战国时代) , the ancient people loved sweets and developed methods of producing sugar. In the Tang Dynasty, there was huge progress in the technology of sugar making. And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people’s homes. With the cultural and economic (经济的) development of Song and Yuan Dynasties, people became less interested in only tasting sweetness. In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared. Sugar painting is different from normal painting. Sugar painters use syrup (糖浆) as the material, a spoon as the “paintbrush”, and a smooth table as the “paper”. To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting. Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly. They move the spoon full of syrup up and down, left and right. Soon a sugar painting is done. However, it’s a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What’s worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters. For most people, painting is a kind of art and difficult to understand. However, sugar painting has pulled the art down into people’s daily lives. Through it, we may see the spiritual support of the ancient people across centuries. Now, sugar painting has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. Therefore, the art should be remembered, missed and passed on. 34．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．People in the Warring States Period already knew how to make sugar paintings. B．In the Tang Dynasty, sugar was still only served to the emperors and prince s. C．Sugar painters need to heat sugar to make syrup before creating sugar paintings. D．There are many young people learning the art of sugar painting nowadays. 35．When did sugar painting appear? A．In the Warring States Period. B．In the Tang Dynasty. C．In the Yuan Dynasty. D．In the Ming Dynasty. 36．Why should sugar painters make the work very quickly? A．To show their excellent skills. B．To avoid syrup becoming hard. C．To protect the spoon and the table. D．To reduce people’s waiting time. 37．What’s the writer’s attitude towards today’s sugar painting according to Paragraph 4? A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Unclear. 【答案】34．C 35．D 36．B 37．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了糖画的起源、制作方法、现状以及其作为非物质文化遗产应被传承的意义。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To make syrup, they have to make sugar hot before painting.(为了制作糖浆，他们必须在绘画前把糖加热)”可知，糖画师在创作糖画前需要加热糖来制作糖浆。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the Ming Dynasty, some people added pictures with good luck into the bowl of sugar, and sugar painting appeared.(在明朝，一些人在糖碗里加入有吉祥寓意的图案，糖画出现了)”可知，糖画出现在明朝。故选D。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since syrup may become hard if it cools, the painters have to produce the work very quickly.(因为糖浆冷却后可能会变硬，所以画师们必须很快完成作品)”可知，糖画师必须很快完成作品是为了避免糖浆变硬。故选B。 37．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, it’s a pity that this folk art is dying recently. The sugar painting that used to be rich in shapes has become poorer and poorer because of fewer needs. What’s worse, few people seem to be willing to pass on the art except those aging sugar painters.(然而，遗憾的是，这种民间艺术最近正在消亡。由于需求减少，曾经造型丰富的糖画变得越来越贫乏。更糟糕的是，除了那些年迈的糖画师，似乎很少有人愿意传承这门艺术)”可知，作者对当今糖画的现状感到担忧。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西·期末） Today’s teenagers are earning and spending money in new ways — but many still need help with saving. A recent study by the Youth Money Alliance (YMA) shows that 68% of teens aged 13-18 make their own money through jobs, online work, or selling things like handmade crafts or used clothes. However, only 38% have a savings account, and more than half (55%) say they’ve bought things like sneakers or video games without thinking twice in the past month. To fix this, schools and communities are starting new programs. In Boston, high school students join “Finance Fridays”, where they practice managing fake money in a stock market game. Ethan Chen, a 15-year-old student, said, “I lost $500 at first, but I learned to spread out my investments!” Another group, Teen trek, holds weekend workshops where teens plan a trip to Europe. Mia Torres,16, said, “I realized I’d need $3,000 for a 10-day trip. Now I’m selling my old clothes to save money!” Technology is also helping. Apps like BusyKid and FamZoo let parents give teens chores, pay them digitally, and even teach them to invest small amounts in stocks. Maria Lopes, a parent in Miami, said, “My daughter used to spend all her money on junk food. Now she saves 20% every month and uses the app to track her spending. She even asked for a raise in her allowance by showing me her budget!” But some experts worry that relying too much on apps might not be good. Financial advisor Jake Thompson says, “Teens need to handle cash, bargain at yard sales, and learn to wait for things they want. Apps are helpful, but they can’t replace real-life practice.” As more teens face financial decisions, learning to manage money is becoming more important than ever. 38．Based on the YMA study, what do most teens aged 13-18 do? A．Buy in a hurry. B．Open a savings account. C．Plan purchases carefully. D．Create their own brands. 39．How does Ethan Chen describe his experience in the “Finance Fridays” program? A．He earned $500 by selling clothes. B．He saved $500 for a trip to Europe. C．He invested all his money in video games. D．He lost $500 at first but learned to invest his money. 40．What does Maria Lopes’ daughter do to manage her money? A．She saves 20% of her allowance and tracks her spending with an app. B．She asks for a raise in her allowance without showing a budget. C．She spends all her money on junk food. D．She invests all her money in stocks. 41．What can we infer about Jake Thompson’s opinion on financial apps? A．He claims that apps are ineffective and should be banned. B．He thinks apps are the only way for teens to learn about money. C．He believes apps should completely replace real-life money handling. D．He agrees that apps are useful but must be combined with real-world practice. 【答案】38．A 39．D 40．A 41．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了如今青少年的赚钱、消费与储蓄现状，以及学校、社区和科技助力青少年理财的相关项目，同时提及专家对理财类应用的看法。 38．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study by the Youth Money Alliance (YMA) shows that 68% of teens aged 13-18 make their own money through jobs, online work, or selling things like handmade crafts or used clothes. However, only 38% have a savings account, and more than half (55%) say they’ve bought things like sneakers or video games without thinking twice in the past month. (YMA最近的一项研究表明，68%的13-18岁的青少年通过打工、网上工作或出售手工艺品或旧衣服等东西来赚钱。然而，只有38%的人有储蓄账户，超过一半(55%)的青少年表示，他们在过去一个月里不假思索地购买了运动鞋或电子游戏等物品)”可知，大多数13-18岁的青少年会冲动消费。故选A项。 39．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Boston, high school students join “Finance Fridays”, where they practice managing fake money in a stock market game. Ethan Chen, a 15-year-old student, said, “I lost $500 at first, but I learned to spread out my investments!” (在波士顿，高中生参加了“Finance Fridays”项目，他们在股市游戏中练习管理假钱。15岁的学生Ethan Chen说：“一开始我亏了500美元，但我学会了分散投资！”)”可知，Ethan Chen描述自己在“Finance Fridays”项目中的经历是：起初亏了500美元，但学会了管理自己的资金。故选D项。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段“Maria Lopes, a parent in Miami, said, “My daughter used to spend all her money on junk food. Now she saves 20% every month and uses the app to track her spending. (迈阿密的一位家长Maria Lopes说，我女儿过去把所有的钱都花在垃圾食品上。现在，她每个月节省20%，并使用该应用程序记录自己的支出)”可知，Maria Lopes的女儿会存20%的零花钱，并通过应用程序记录支出。故选A项。 41．推理判断题。根据第四段“Financial advisor Jake Thompson says, “Teens need to handle cash, bargain at yard sales, and learn to wait for things they want. Apps are helpful, but they can’t replace real-life practice.” (财务顾问Jake Thompson说：“青少年需要管理现金，在庭院销售时讨价还价，学会等待他们想要的东西。应用程序是有帮助的，但它们不能取代现实生活中的实践。”)”可推知，他认为应用程序有用，但必须与现实中的实践相结合。故选D项。 主题01 人与社会——艺术与体育 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山西临汾·期末） Have you noticed how upbeat, happy songs can give you energy, while calm, soft tunes (曲调) can help you relax? Music really shapes people’s moods, and getting lost in it can help you enjoy the magic of music even more. “Getting lost in music” means concentrating on the music so hard that you shut out your other thoughts for a short time. Here is a quite common situation: People often play tunes while they are doing something else, like reading a book or talking to friends. However, experts say if you try out different styles of music and listen closely to things like rhythm, you get more benefits and let it change how you are feeling in that moment. Music is a language everyone understands and has brought humans together for thousands of years. Scientists say this is because it gives off different chemicals in the brain that make you feel happy and closer to others. If you’ve studied for a test by singing your time tables, you’ll know how music can improve your memory. Research shows that listening to calm tunes reduces stress and even helps people feel less pain. In fact, music lights up nearly every part of the brain, and there could even be benefits that haven’t been discovered yet. How can you get lost in music? Start by listening to types of music you haven’t tried before, says author Ben Ratliff. Focus on different parts of the tune, such as rhythm. Listen to the drums and notice whether the pattern of beats stays the same or surprises you. Music from Cuba or Brazil, such as samba, is good for trying this. Listening while moving connects you closely to the sound, says Ratliff, so dance around your room and notice how the song changes. Use your senses to understand what the musician is trying to tell you, so imagine you can see, feel and even taste the song. Is it hard like metal or does it taste like melted chocolate? By listening carefully, you can get the most from music and have fun dancing too. 42．Why does the writer put a question at the beginning? A．To make a comparison. B．To expect correct answers. C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To find favorite music pieces. 43．What writing technique is used in Paragraph 2? A．Listing examples. B．Providing data. C．Explaining the cause and effect. D．Following the order of time. 44．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Mental health. B．Music benefits. C．Test preparations. D．Language influence. 45．Why does Ratliff suggest dancing around the room in Paragraph 4? A．To learn Brazil samba. B．To tell different tune parts. C．To become more energetic. D．To connect closely to music. 【答案】42．C 43．A 44．B 45．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章先指出音乐能影响情绪，“沉浸于音乐”可带来更多益处，接着说明音乐的作用，最后介绍沉浸于音乐的方法。 42．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you noticed how upbeat, happy songs can give you energy, while calm, soft tunes (曲调) can help you relax? Music really shapes people’s moods, and getting lost in it can help you enjoy the magic of music even more.( 你有没有注意到欢快、快乐的歌曲能给你带来能量，而平静、柔和的曲调能帮助你放松？音乐真的能塑造人的情绪，沉浸其中能让你更加享受音乐的魔力。)”可知，作者在文章开头提出这样一个问题，目的不是进行比较（A 选项），也不是期待正确答案（B 选项），更不是寻找最喜欢的音乐作品（D 选项），而是通过提出一个与人们日常生活相关且有趣的问题，引起读者的好奇心，激发读者继续阅读文章的兴趣。故选C项。 43．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Here is a quite common situation: People often play tunes while they are doing something else, like reading a book or talking to friends.( 这是一个很常见的情况：人们经常在做其他事情的时候演奏音乐，比如读书或和朋友聊天。)”可知，作者指出的“like reading a book or talking to friends”是在举例说明人们在做其他事情时播放音乐这种常见的情况，所以作者使用的写作技巧是列举例子。故选A项。 44．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“If you’ve studied for a test by singing your time tables, you’ll know how music can improve your memory. Research shows that listening to calm tunes reduces stress and even helps people feel less pain. In fact, music lights up nearly every part of the brain, and there could even be benefits that haven’t been discovered yet.( 如果你通过唱时间表来备考，你就会知道音乐是如何提高你的记忆力的。研究表明，听平静的音乐可以减轻压力，甚至帮助人们减轻疼痛。事实上，音乐几乎能激活大脑的每个部分，甚至可能有尚未被发现的好处。)”可知，第三段主要介绍的是音乐的好处。故选B项。 45．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Listening while moving connects you closely to the sound, says Ratliff, so dance around your room and notice how the song changes.(拉特利夫说，边听边移动将你与声音紧密联系在一起，所以在你的房间里跳舞，注意歌曲的变化。)”可推知，拉特利夫建议在房间里跳舞是因为边移动边听能让人更紧密地与音乐的声音相连。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山西·期末） Many people think getting fit means spending more time in the gym. However, fitness experts suggest that taking breaks, like a “deload week”, can improve your results. A deload week is a period when you reduce the intensity (强度) of your works. It is usually done every four to eight weeks, especially during intense training. This break allows your body to recover from the stress caused by heavy exercise. When you train hard, your muscles develop small tears, and inflammation (发炎) occurs. This process is necessary for building strength, but recovery is just as important. Without rest, your muscles may stay in a damaged state, leading to poor performance and less effective training. Deload weeks give your muscles time to recover and improve. Some gym-goers worry that taking breaks might make them lose progress. But studies show that muscles have a “memory”. After rest, your muscles respond better and grow faster when you start training again. Even after several weeks of reduced training, your strength can return quickly, often faster than it took to get to that level in the first place. Rest also helps prevent over-training syndrome (综合症状), which happens when you exercise too much without enough recovery. Symptoms include tiredness, poorer performance, and feeling bad. Over-training can take weeks or even months to overcome. It’s clear that recovery time is important for both fitness and overall health. Rest days mean little or no exercise, usually once or twice a week. Deload weeks, on the other hand, still include light workouts but at a much lower intensity. Both help recovery and improve fitness. For those training intensely for events like marathons, both rest days and deload weeks should be included. General gym-goers, working out less often, may not need deload weeks as often. Fitness experts recommend adding a deload week every four to six weeks. If performance starts to drop, it might be time to include one. Deload weeks not only help fitness but also protect overall health. 46．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2? A．Explain an idea. B．Correct a mistake. C．Give an example. D．Make a comparison. 47．Why are some gym-goers worried about taking breaks? A．It would take too much time. B．It might influence their progress. C．It may change the exercise plan. D．It could stop their muscles growing. 48．What do fitness experts suggest? A．Building strength in our upper body. B．Keeping track of our workout partners. C．Resting for one week after intense training. D．Scheduling time to recover in workout plans. 49．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．One Side Effect of Over-training B．A Misunderstanding About Sports Events C．Reasons Behind Positive Changes D．The Importance of Rest in Fitness Training 【答案】46．A 47．B 48．D 49．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是通过引入“deload week”概念，解释为何适当的休息和恢复对于提升训练效果及预防过度训练综合症至关重要。 46．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, fitness experts suggest that taking breaks, like a “deload week”, can improve your results.(但是，健身专家认为，休息时间，例如“Deload Week”，可以改善你的结果。)”和第二段“A deload week is a period when you reduce the intensity ( 强度 ) of your works. It is usually done every four to eight weeks, especially during intense training. This break allows your body to recover from the stress caused by heavy exercise.(减量周是指你降低工作强度的一段时间。通常每四到八周进行一次，尤其是在高强度训练期间。这个休息期让你的身体重体力运动带来的压力中恢复过来。)”可推知，作者在第二段主要是为了解释Deload Week这一概念，故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some gym-goers worry that taking breaks might make them lose progress. (一些健身房会员担心，休息可能会让他们失去进步。)”可知，一些健身房会员担心休息可能会影响他们的进步。故选B。 48．细节理解题。根据第第一段中“However, fitness experts suggest that taking breaks, like a “deload week”, can improve your results.(但是，健身专家认为，休息时间，例如“Deload Week”，可以改善你的结果。)”和最后一段中“Fitness experts recommend adding a deload week every four to six weeks. If performance starts to drop, it might be time to include one. Deload weeks not only help fitness but also protect overall health.(健身专家建议每四到六个星期增加一次Deload周。如果性能开始下降，则可能是时候包括一个。 Deload Weeks不仅有助于健身，还可以保护整体健康。)”可知，健身专家建议安排恢复锻炼计划的时间。故选D。 49．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“However, fitness experts suggest that taking breaks, like a “deload week”, can improve your results.(但是，健身专家认为，休息时间，例如“Deload Week”，可以改善你的结果。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究表明锻炼之余适当修养才能提升健身效果。D项“在健身锻练中休息的重要性”适合作文章标题，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西汉中·期末） Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland. Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. What draws visitors most is its famous festivals in the summer, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world. Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city. Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you can get so much out of the city. The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding places to park. We have a great congregate team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September, you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending time in the many local cafes, meeting up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain! Without doubt, my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it. Many of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can retrospect my own childhood with my son! 50．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most? A．Its long history. B．Its beautiful scenery. C．Its famous festivals. D．Its comfortable weather. 51．What can we infer about the Cycling Gardeners from the passage? A．They prefer driving cars to riding bikes. B．They often have trouble finding parking spots. C．Their main work area is located outside the city centre. D．Their work efficiency is improved by using electric bikes. 52．What does the underlined word “retrospect” most likely mean in the last paragraph? A．Review. B．Revise. C．Record. D．Remove. 53．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．The History of Edinburgh. B．A Local’s Loving View of Edinburgh. C．Edinburgh’s Transportation Problems. D．The Famous Festivals in Edinburgh. 【答案】50．C 51．D 52．A 53．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苏格兰城市爱丁堡，因其邻近英格兰、成功的旅游业和多元文化人口而独具特色，文中还分享了作者作为当地人对爱丁堡的热爱，包括其夏季著名节日、骑行园丁、 Meadows 公园等方面。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段“What draws visitors most is its famous festivals in the summer, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world.(最吸引游客的还是这里夏季举办的那些著名的节日，这些节日使得整个城市都挤满了来自世界各地的游客)”可知，爱丁堡最吸引游客的是其著名的节日。故选C。 51．推理判断题。根据第三段“The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport, we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding places to park.(“骑行园丁”是当地社区的一部分。由于完全依赖自行车作为交通工具，我们的活动范围仅限于市中心。通过使用电动自行车，我们让自己生活的便利性有所提升，而且在交通中我们常常能超越汽车，而且停车也毫无困难)”可知，“骑行园丁们”通过使用电动自行车提高了工作效率。故选D。 52．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down.(我最美好的回忆莫过于下雪时堆雪人了)”以及后文“my own childhood with my son”可知，作者期待和儿子回顾自己的童年时光。故划线词意思是“回顾”。故选A。 53．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland.(由于其靠近英格兰、拥有繁荣的旅游业以及多元化的居民群体，爱丁堡在苏格兰堪称一座独具特色的城市)”可知，短文主要介绍了苏格兰城市爱丁堡，因其邻近英格兰、成功的旅游业和多元文化人口而独具特色，文中还分享了作者作为当地人对爱丁堡的热爱，包括其夏季著名节日、骑行园丁、 Meadows 公园等方面。可知，B选项“一位本地人眼中的爱丁堡”最符合文章标题。故选B。 主题02 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·青海西宁·期末） Last year, hundreds of people’ spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. M any would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives. However, by the end of the trip many were already planning a return to Qomolangma. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful. British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is pure joy. We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you.” With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure, is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature, with some of us more likely to take risks than others. Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars, as well as those who climb Qomolangma. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill”. Speaking to the LA Times about the “Type T” personalities, Farley said, “They’ll say, ‘I’m not taking risks, I’m an expert...’ They don’t want to die and they don’t expect to die.” With this in mind, is climbing Qomolangma worth the risks? It’s totally up to you. 54．Why did many Qomolangma climbers decide to try again? A．They hoped to stay away from the crowds. B．They found the challenging experience unique. C．They were unwilling to waste the money used. D．They thought climbing Qomolangma was an easy task. 55．What’s George Mallory’s attitude towards climbing Qomolangma? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 56．According to Frank Farley, which of the following best describes “Type T” people? A．Sports-loving. B．Quick-minded. C．Strong-willed. D．Thrill-seeking; 57．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life’s Meaning From Risk-Taking? B．Climbing Qomolangma Worth the Risk? C．What to Prepare Before the Risk-Taking? D．How to Avoid Danger From Climbing Qomolangma? 【答案】54．B 55．A 56．D 57．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人们攀登珠穆朗玛峰的动机和意义，以及他们如何根据自己的价值观和个性来评估这种风险。 54．细节理解题。根据第一段“However,  by the end of the trip many were already planning a return to Qomolangma. For these people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, making some feel weak and others, powerful.(然而，在旅行结束时，许多人已经开始计划再次攀登珠穆朗玛峰了。对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种独一无二的体验，它让一些人感到虚弱，而另一些人则感到强大)”和第二段“You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you.(你必须专注于那个对你而言最为重要且独一无二的原因)”可知，珠穆朗玛峰的攀登者再次返回是因为他们认为这样有挑战的体验是非同一般的。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据第二段“British mountain climber George Mallory wrote of climbing Qomolangma, “What we get from this adventure is pure joy. We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to enjoy life. That is what life means.” He added, “There are a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going. You really have to focus on the one reason that’s most important and unique to you.”(英国登山家乔治·马洛里在描述攀登珠穆朗玛峰的经历时写道：“这次探险带给我们的只有纯粹的快乐。我们活着并非为了进食和赚钱。我们进食和赚钱是为了能够享受生活。这就是生活的意义所在。”他还补充道：“有上千个理由可以放弃，但只有一个是继续前行的理由。你真的必须专注于对你来说最重要且独一无二的那个理由。”)”可推断，George Mallory对攀登珠穆朗玛峰的态度是肯定的。故选A。 56．细节理解题。根据第三段“He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” standing for “thrill”.(他将这些人的性格特征称为“T型性格”，其中“T”代表“刺激”)”可知，“Type T”类型的人是追求刺激的。故选D。 57．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“With this in mind, is climbing Qomolangma worth the risks? It’s totally up to you.(记住，是否值得冒险攀登珠穆朗玛峰？这完全取决于你自己)”以及文章探讨了人们攀登珠穆朗玛峰的动机和意义，以及他们如何根据自己的价值观和个性来评估这种风险。可知，B项“攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒这个险吗？”为文本最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·陕西渭南·期末） Axolotls (蝾螈) — the cute and charming creatures made famous by the video game “Minecraft” — are in a free fall. Pollution, modern farming, and the introduction of invasive (入侵的) fish that hunt and eat the endangered species have reduced their habitat to the waterways of a single lake in Mexico. But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, Justine McDaniel reported for The Washington Post. “This is a huge step because in conservation programs when you have animals raised by people and you take them back to the wild... there are a lot of deaths,” Alejandra Ramos, the study’s lead author said. Axolotls have long been bred in labs and are popular pets, but increasing their numbers in the wild has proven to be a much greater challenge. The study stuck radio transmitters onto 18 axolotls that would allow them to be tracked, then set free eight into Mexico City’s Lake Xochimilco and 10 into a man-made wetland. At least twice a day for 40 days, researchers visited both sites to collect data. The researchers found that the axolotls introduced to a man-made pond also endured, a promising finding for the potential of artificial wetlands to aid axolotl conservation, the study authors said. That finding matters if their habitat doesn’t recover or if climate change worsens, Esther Quintero, a Conservation International-Mexico biologist said. Conservation International is supporting a project in Lake Xochimilco to bring back the axolotl’s natural habitat by returning to ancestral farming practices. By supporting farmers’ change to pesticide-free farming and helping put in biofilters (生物过滤器) to clean the water, the project aims to restore these waters so axolotls can live well in the future. “Saving the axolotl goes beyond liking this creature that is really lovely,” Quintero said. “There is no future for any species without its habitat.” 58．What may prevent Axolotls from going extinct according to the study? A．Hunting invasive fish B．Monitoring their life. C．A ban on hunting them. D．Feeding under human care. 59．What`s Alejandra Ramos’ attitude to the finding? A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned. 60．What does the underlined word “endured” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Survived. B．Escaped. C．Approached. D．Responded. 61．What’s the suitable title of the text? A．Axolotls: Target of Researchers B．Foreign Species: Threat to Axolotls C．Being Raised: Axolotls’ New Hope D．Habitat: Axolotls’ Surviving Key 【答案】58．D 59．C 60．A 61．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蝾螈因多种原因濒危，研究发现人工饲养的蝾螈能在野外存活，且人工湿地有助于其保护，还提及相关保护项目。 58．细节理解题。根据第一段“But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, (但一项新的研究带来了一线希望：由人类饲养的蝾螈可以在野外生存)”可知，根据这项研究，人类饲养蝾螈，即蝾螈在人类的照顾下进食，这种方式可能有助于防止它们灭绝。故选D。 59．推理判断题。根据第二段““This is a huge step because in conservation programs when you have animals raised by people and you take them back to the wild... there are a lot of deaths,” Alejandra Ramos, the study’s lead author said. (该研究的主要作者 Alejandra Ramos 表示：“这是一大进步，因为在保护项目中，当你把人工饲养的动物放归野外时…… 会有很多死亡案例。”)”可知，亚历杭德拉·拉莫斯认为这项研究是保护动物过程中的巨大进步，所以她对这项发现是持支持态度的。故选C。 60．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Axolotls have long been bred in labs and are popular pets, but increasing their numbers in the wild has proven to be a much greater challenge. (Axolotls长期以来一直在实验室里繁殖，是受欢迎的宠物，但事实证明，增加它们在野外的数量是一个更大的挑战)”以及第四段“The researchers found that the axolotls introduced to a man-made pond also endured, a promising finding for the potential of artificial wetlands to aid axolotl conservation, the study authors said. (研究人员发现，引入人工池塘的蝾螈也endured，这对人工湿地帮助蝾螈保护的潜力来说是一个有希望的发现，研究作者说)”可知，增加蝾螈在野外的数量是大的挑战，推测此处表示引入人工池塘的蝾螈存活了下来，所以这是一个有希望的发现，划线单词endured的意思是“存活”，与Survived意思相近。故选A。 61．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a new study is offering a flash of hope: axolotls raised by people can survive in the wild, Justine McDaniel reported for The Washington Post. (但据《华盛顿邮报》贾斯汀·麦克丹尼尔报道，一项新的研究带来了一线希望：由人类饲养的蝾螈可以在野外生存)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明由人类饲养的蝾螈可以在野外生存，这为蝾螈的保护带来了新的希望，所以“被饲养：蝾螈的新希望”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·陕西汉中·期末） A fairy penguin, also known as a little penguin, lives on the coastal areas of southern Australia and New Zealand. Fairy penguins are important to the ecosystem because they eat fish, which benefits the ocean’s food chain balance. They also help fertilize (施肥) the land with their waste, which helps plants grow. But pollution causes a threat to them. Plastic waste in the ocean can harm the penguins by getting caught around their necks or in their stomachs, leading to injury or death. Plastic pollution is a growing problem in our oceans, and it is having a serious impact on the health of sea life, including penguins. The digestion of plastic waste can lead to hunger and other health problems. Studies have found that penguins have digested plastic waste such as bottle caps and fishing lines. Plastic debris (碎片) can be easily mistaken for food by penguins, as it is similar to their food in size, shape and color. Once eaten, the plastic remains in their stomachs, causing blockages, which can impact the penguins’ overall health. Plastic waste can also affect the behavior of fairy penguins. Studies have shown that plastic pollution can have an effect on the normal behavior of penguins, leading to decreased food intake and reduced reproductive success. The digestion of plastic waste has also been found to cause stress in penguins, leading to changes in behavior and a decreased ability to cope with other stress. To deal with the issue of plastic pollution, conservation (保护) work has been done to protect the penguins. These efforts include protecting their habitats, reducing pollution, cleaning the beach and educating people about how they can help. Scientists are also working to better understand the impacts of climate change so they can develop more effective ways. Some efforts have already had success, such as reducing oil pollution and protecting breeding sites. However, these are far from enough. We must take early action to reduce pollution and address climate change, not just for the penguins, but for all sea lives. 62．Which statement about fairy penguins will the author probably disagree with? A．They help plants grow. B．They are endangered animals. C．They keep the ocean’s food balance. D．They might get injured by plastic waste. 63．Why are penguins easily likely to mistake plastic debris for food? A．Plastic debris looks like their food in size, shape and color. B．Plastic debris releases a smell similar to their daily food. C．Penguins have poor eyesight to distinguish plastic from food. D．Penguins are often very hungry and eat anything they find. 64．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2 and 3? A．The efforts made to protect penguins. B．The ways to solve plastic pollution. C．The causes of plastic waste in the ocean. D．The effects of plastic pollution on penguins. 65．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The efforts made haven’t yet got good results. B．Some conservation ways are difficult to carry out. C．More efforts need to be done to protect penguins. D．Climate change’s impacts have been fully understood. 【答案】62．B 63．A 64．D 65．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是仙女企鹅面临的塑料污染威胁及其影响，以及为保护这些企鹅和海洋生态系统所采取的措施。 62．推理判断题。根据第一段“A fairy penguin, also known as a little penguin, lives on the coastal areas of southern Australia and New Zealand. Fairy penguins are important to the ecosystem because they eat fish, which benefits the ocean’s food chain balance. They also help fertilize (施肥) the land with their waste, which helps plants grow. But pollution causes a threat to them. Plastic waste in the ocean can harm the penguins by getting caught around their necks or in their stomachs, leading to injury or death.(仙女企鹅对生态系统至关重要，因为它们以鱼为食，有助于维持海洋食物链的平衡。此外，它们的排泄物还能为土地施肥，促进植物生长。然而，污染对它们构成了威胁。海洋中的塑料垃圾可能会缠绕在企鹅的脖子上或进入它们的胃里，造成伤害甚至导致死亡)”可推知，作者可能不同意的一点是仙女企鹅是濒临灭绝的动物。故选B。 63．细节理解题。根据第二段“Plastic debris (碎片) can be easily mistaken for food by penguins, as it is similar to their food in size, shape and color.(塑料碎片很容易被企鹅误认为是食物，因为它们的大小、形状和颜色与企鹅的食物十分相似)”可知，企鹅容易将塑料碎片误认为食物是因为塑料碎片在大小、形状和颜色上都与它们的食物相似。故选A。 64．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Plastic pollution is a growing problem in our oceans, and it is having a serious impact on the health of sea life, including penguins. The digestion of plastic waste can lead to hunger and other health problems.(塑料污染在我们的海洋中是一个日益严重的问题，它对包括企鹅在内的海洋生物的健康产生了严重影响。塑料垃圾的消化会导致饥饿和其他健康问题)”和第三段“Plastic waste can also affect the behavior of fairy penguins. Studies have shown that plastic pollution can have an effect on the normal behavior of penguins, leading to decreased food intake and reduced reproductive success.(塑料垃圾也会影响小企鹅的行为。研究表明，塑料污染会影响企鹅的正常行为，导致食物摄入量减少，繁殖成功率降低)”可知，第二段和第三段的主旨是塑料污染对企鹅的影响。故选D。 65．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some efforts have already had success, such as reducing oil pollution and protecting breeding sites. However, these are far from enough. We must take early action to reduce pollution and address climate change, not just for the penguins, but for all sea lives.(一些努力已经取得了成功，比如减少石油污染和保护繁殖地。然而，这些还远远不够。我们必须尽早采取行动，减少污染，应对气候变化，这不仅是为了企鹅，也是为了所有的海洋生物)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出需要做更多的努力来保护企鹅。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·山西晋中·期末） You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi — wireless Internet service — and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the US capital, Washington D．C． Fewer than 150 people live in Green Bank; which has two churches, an elementary school and a public library. It is also home to the largest radio telescope in the world. There is a ban (禁令) on Wi-Fi in Green Bank, along with anything else that can create electromagnetic (电磁的) waves. Officials say the waves could disturb the telescope receives. For many Americans, a visit to Green Bank is a little like returning to the 1950s. To get there, you must read road signs because there is no GPS service in the town. People can connect with the Internet through telephones, but wireless service is not allowed. The observatory (天文台) is one of the largest employers in the area. The National Science Foundation (NSF) spends about $8.2 million a year to operate the observatory, telescope and educational center. Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. But once a week, when the device is cleaned, some banned devices are allowed near it. People in the town respect the work of the scientists. And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here with our phones and other devices we’re out fishing, hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face to face. 66．What will you see when you pay a visit to Green Bank? A．GPS service. B．Guide posts. C．Cellphone towers. D．Radio-controlled toys. 67．What is Jonah Bauserman’s duty in his work? A．Following signals from cellphones. B．Cleaning the telescope once a week. C．Listening for signals from outer space. D．Protecting the telescope from being affected. 68．What has the telescope brought to the local people? A．Great wealth. B．Many job chances. C．A healthier lifestyle. D．Much difficulty in life. 69．What may be the best title for this text? A．An American Town Without Wi-Fi and Mobile Phones B．Good relationships Between People in an American Town C．The largest Radio telescope in the World D．A Better Life Without Wireless Devices 【答案】66．B 67．D 68．C 69．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国小镇格林班克没有无线网络和手机服务，以及这种环境对当地人和天文台的影响。 66．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To get there, you must read road signs because there is no GPS service in the town. (要去那里，你必须阅读路标，因为镇上没有GPS服务。)”可知，当你去参观格林班克时，你会看到路标。故选B。 67．细节理解题。根据第二段“There is a ban (禁令) on Wi-Fi in Green Bank, along with anything else that can create electromagnetic (电磁的) waves. Officials say the waves could disturb the telescope receives. (格林班克禁止使用Wi-Fi，以及任何可能产生电磁波的设备。官员们表示，这些电磁波可能会干扰望远镜接收信号。)”、第五段中“Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. (乔纳·鲍瑟曼是一名技术人员。如果他认为该区域有不允许的信号，他就开车到信号发出的房子去检查。)”可知，乔纳·鲍瑟曼的工作职责是保护射电望远镜不受影响。故选D。 68．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People in the town respect the work of the scientists. And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here with our phones and other devices we’re out fishing, hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face to face. (镇上的人尊重科学家的工作。他们说，他们很高兴生活没有Wi-Fi和手机。“你知道，我们没有坐在这里玩手机和其他设备，而是出去钓鱼、打猎，去彼此的家。”每个人都认识彼此，交流几乎总是面对面的。)”可知，射电望远镜给当地人带来了更健康的生活方式。故选C。 69．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi—wireless Internet service—and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the US capital, Washington D. C. (你可能会认为全美国的人都有Wi-Fi——无线互联网服务——和手机。但在西弗吉尼亚州的格林班克却没有这样的服务，这个小镇距离美国首都华盛顿特区有四个小时的车程。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国小镇格林班克没有无线网络和手机服务，以及这种环境对当地人和天文台的影响。可知，A选项“An American Town Without Wi-Fi and Mobile Phones (一个没有Wi-Fi和手机的美国小镇)”最符合文章标题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $