热点话题04 水稻种子能感知雨声——实验研究报告（阅读理解专练）英语高考复习通用版

**基本信息** 以“水稻种子感知雨声”科学热点为核心，构建“话题导入-精读训练-词汇积累-多题型应用”的递进式英语专项训练体系，融合语言能力与科学思维培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文精读|1篇原创阅读+10词词汇训练|聚焦实验报告类文本，设细节理解、词义猜测等题型|从“现象发现-实验设计-结论分析”逻辑链展开，配套课标词汇情境化应用| |好题精练|4篇综合题型（2阅读+7选5+完形+语法填空）|涵盖科普类阅读理解、语篇补全、语境完形及语法应用|以“植物感知环境”为主题线索，整合不同题型对语言知识（词汇、语法）和思维能力（逻辑推理、信息整合）的考查|

热点话题04水稻种子能感知雨声——实验研究报告 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have discovered that rice seeds that “hear” the sound of raindrops seem to sprout faster than those that do not. The study is the first to suggest that seeds can sense sound, and use the information to help them “decide” when to sprout.麻省理工学院（MIT）的科学家发现，能够“感知”雨滴声音的水稻种子似乎比无法感知的种子发芽更快。这项研究首次表明，种子能够感知声音，并利用这些信息来决定何时发芽。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2026/05/06/rice-seeds-sense-the-sound-of-rain/ Scientists at MIT have published a study suggesting that rice seeds can sense the sound of raindrops hitting water. The researchers believe that the seeds use this information to help them “decide” when to sprout. The researchers wanted to make sure that the seeds were responding to the sound of rain and not to its water. So they chose to focus on rice seeds because rice is usually grown in water. That meant all the seeds would be equally wet. For the experiment, the researchers placed thousands of rice seeds in shallow pools of water. All of the seeds had enough water to sprout. Some of the water was kept completely quiet. But other pools were hit with falling drops of water to imitate real rain – some light, some medium, and some heavy. On average, the seeds that were exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds that were kept in quiet pools of water. The scientists believe that this faster sprouting might give the seeds a better chance of surviving. Dr. Nicholas Makris, who led the study, says, “The energy of the rain sound is enough to accelerate [speed up] a seed’s growth.” Though it may seem strange to think about seeds “hearing” something, sound is really just a vibration. The researchers believe the seeds may be responding to vibrations in the water caused by falling raindrops. These vibrations are much more powerful underwater than in air. Inside the cells of the seeds, there are tiny, heavy grains called “statoliths”. Like snow in a snow globe, these statoliths help seeds figure out which way is “down”. That way, when the seed sprouts, its roots will grow down into the soil and its shoots will grow up toward the light. When the vibrations from the water drops reached the seeds, these statoliths shook around inside the seed cells. The scientists think this may have triggered the seeds to sprout earlier. The researchers believe that sensing rain sounds may help seeds make sure they’re in a good spot to grow. Seeds that can sense the vibrations of the rain are probably close enough to the surface to get moisture, and to grow into the light. 【原创·阅读理解】(369words) 1.What can we know from the first three paragraphs？ A.Rice seeds have a sense of the raindrops. B.Rice seeds respond to the the sound of rain. C.Rice seeds respond to the the water of rain. D.Rice seeds can use the raindrops to sprout. 2.What do we know from the experiment? A.the seeds exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds kept in real rain. B.the seeds exposed to the in real rain sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds kept in quiet pools of water. C.the seeds exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds kept in quiet pools of water. D.the seeds exposed to the in real rain sprouted about 30-40% slower than seeds kept in quiet pools of water. 3.What does the underlined word“triggered”mean？ A.alleviate B.activate C.liberate D.motivate 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Rice Seeds Sense the Sound of Rain B.Rice Seeds Sense the Water of Rain C.How Do Rice Seeds Decide to Sprout? D.The Fake Rain Drop and Real Rain Drop. 【课标词汇积累】 1.sprout vi. 发芽；抽芽vt. 使发芽；使生长n. 幼芽，新梢 After weeks of hard work, my confidence finally began to sprout during the school debate competition. 经过几周的努力，我的自信心终于在学校辩论赛中开始萌芽。 2.shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；（呼吸）浅的，弱的 The swimming pool is too shallow for diving, so we must jump in feet first for safety.游泳池太浅了，不适合跳水，为了安全起见，我们必须脚先入水。 3. medium adj. 中等的；中间的；不深不浅的n. 方式；媒介 English is a useful medium for us to communicate with students from other countries online. 英语是我们与其他国家的学生在线交流的有用媒介。 4.expose v. 揭发；使暴露；使接触 Leaving your phone out in the rain will expose it to water damage and break the circuit.把手机留在雨中会使其遭受水损并破坏电路。 5.fake adj. 假的；伪造的v. 伪造；假装 It is wrong to fake illness just to skip the morning running exercise at school. 仅仅为了逃避学校的晨跑而装病是错误的。 6.accelerate v. （使）加速，加快 Working in a group can accelerate the process of solving complex physics problems. 小组合作可以加速解决复杂物理问题的进程。 7.vibration n. 摆动；震动；感受 The physics teacher demonstrated how sound waves cause vibration in the strings of a guitar. 物理老师演示了声波如何引起吉他弦的振动。 8.moisture n. 水分；湿气；潮湿；降雨量 High moisture in the air during the rainy season makes our classroom feel sticky and uncomfortable.  雨季空气中高含量的水分让我们教室感觉黏糊糊的，很不舒服。 9.respond v. 回答，回复；作出反应；有改进 How did your parents respond when you told them about your plan for the summer vacation? 当你告诉父母你的暑假计划时，他们是如何反应的？ 10.underwater adj. 在水中的；水面下的 We watched an amazing documentary about underwater creatures in geography class today. 今天在地理课上，我们观看了一部关于水下生物的精彩纪录片。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.We learned how seeds ____________ in biology class and then planted some beans in the school garden.我们在生物课上学习了种子如何发芽，随后在学校花园里种了一些豆子。 2.Don't be satisfied with a ____________ understanding of the math formula; try to derive it yourself.不要满足于对数学公式的浅层理解，试着自己去推导它。 3.Please cook the steak to ____________because my father prefers it neither too rare nor too well-done.请把牛排煮成五分熟，因为我父亲不喜欢太生或太熟的口感。 4.The teacher asked us to ____________ our hidden talents during the annual art festival. 老师要求我们在年度艺术节上展示我们隐藏的才华。 5.She realized that the "expert" advice on the internet was completely ____________ and misleading.  她意识到网上那位“专家”的建议完全是虚假且具误导性的。 6.I felt a slight ____________ in my pocket when my phone received a message from my best friend.当手机收到最好朋友发来的消息时，我感觉到口袋里有一丝震动。 7.Plants need adequate ____________ from the soil to grow healthy leaves for our biology observation. 植物需要从土壤中吸收充足的水分，才能长出健康的叶子供我们进行生物观察。 8.Please ____________ to the teacher's question actively instead of keeping silent in class. 请积极回应老师的问题，而不是在课堂上保持沉默。 9.Listening to fast-paced music might ____________ your heartbeat when you are nervous before an exam. 当你考前紧张时，听快节奏的音乐可能会加速你的心跳。 10.Holding your breath ____________ for too long can be dangerous during swimming training. 在游泳训练中，在水下憋气太久可能是危险的。 【参考译文】 麻省理工学院的科学家发表了一项研究，表明水稻种子能够感知雨滴落在水面上的声音。研究人员认为，种子利用这一信息来“决定”何时发芽。 研究人员希望确认这些种子是对雨声作出反应，而非对其水分作出反应。因此他们选择研究水稻种子，因为水稻通常是在水中种植的，这意味着所有种子都会处于相同的湿润状态。 在实验中，研究人员将数千粒水稻种子置于浅水池中。所有种子均获得充足的水分以完成发芽。 部分水体保持完全静止；而其他水池则被喷洒水滴以模拟真实降雨效果——有的雨势较轻，有的中等，还有的较为猛烈。 平均而言，暴露在模拟雨滴下的种子发芽速度比置于静水池中的种子快约30%至40%。科学家认为，这种更快的发芽速度可能有助于种子提高存活几率。 该研究负责人尼古拉斯·马克里斯博士表示：“雨水声的能量足以加速种子的生长。” 尽管想象种子“听到”声音似乎有些奇怪，但声音本质上只是一种振动。研究人员认为，这些种子可能是对雨滴落下时在水中产生的振动产生了反应。这种振动在水下的强度远大于在空气中的强度。 种子细胞内部含有被称为“平衡石”的微小而沉重的颗粒。这些平衡石如同雪景球中的雪花，帮助种子判断“向下”的方向。因此，当种子发芽时，其根系会向下伸入土壤，而幼苗则会向上朝向光源生长。 当水滴产生的振动传达到种子时，这些平衡石会在种子细胞内发生震动。科学家认为，这可能促使种子提前发芽。 研究人员认为，感知雨声有助于种子确定自身生长的最佳位置。能够感知雨声振动的种子通常距离地表足够近，既能吸收水分，又能向光照方向生长。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 Anyone who has tried to keep potted plants or a home garden alive through different seasons knows it’s a task easier said than done. Sudden temperature changes and long-lasting droughts can stress plants, disturbing their normal biochemistry. If not addressed quickly enough, those stresses can eventually kill the plant. Disappointed growers often only see the tell-tale signs (like browning leaves) after it’s too late. But a new plant-wearable device by ACS (American Chemical Society) researchers could offer an early warning system. The wearable comes in the form of an electromagnetic (电磁的) sensor attached directly to plant leaves, whose purpose is to detect hydrogen peroxide, a chemical that plants release when exposed to environmental stress. The sensor consists of many tiny plastic needles mounted on a flexible base. That base is coated with a chitosan-based hydrogel (a kind of soft material) capable of detecting small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, which is then changed into an electric current. The presence of that current alerts growers to their plants’ stress levels. In the past, researchers monitored early signs of plant stress by taking small samples or observing changes in fluorescence (荧光). But neither of those options are perfect. Taking samples can damage a plant and engender stress of its own and fluorescence changes can be difficult to clearly detect. That’s where the plant wearable comes in. By attaching an electrochemical sensor directly to a plant’s leaves, the researchers believed they could get a near-instant response while minimizing physical disturbance to the plant. In several experiments, the wearable accurately identified hydrogen peroxide in plants that had been attacked by a pathogen (病原体). The research suggests that in theory, similar wearables can be applied to crops across wide farming areas as an affordable way to detect stressed plants before they are beyond saving. “This sensor technology has the potential to function as a hand-held device for on-site measurement of reactive oxygen species in plants, providing a rapid and cost-effective solution for hydrogen peroxide quantification,” write the researchers. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By correcting a misbelief. C．By offering an assumption. D．By describing phenomena. 2．Which aspect of the wearable device does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Its testing results. B．Its working principle. C．Its unique components. D．Its powerful significance. 3．What does the underlined word “engender” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Discover. B．Lessen. C．Cause. D．Avoid. 4．What can be inferred about the sensor technology? A．It hasn’t been used on large farms. B．It removes pathogens from plants. C．It can’t speed up plant monitoring. D．It increases crop production greatly. Passage2阅读理解 （贵州贵阳市2026届高三年级2月适应性考试（一））Many people have seen the way a Mimosa pudica plant, also called the touch-me-not, folds its leaves when touched. Fewer know that if you put one into a sealed room with a dose of anaesthetic (麻醉剂), it will eventually stop doing this, as though it has been knocked out or put to sleep. This raises controversial ideas: Does this plant exist in a state of awareness that is shut off by anaesthetics? Or might we consider this state as plants’ subjective internal experience? Paco Calvo at the University of Murcia in Spain and a small group of plant behaviour researchers take them seriously. Plants operate in ways that are difficult for us to perceive, so people have traditionally assumed they aren’t doing very much. But in recent years, researchers have found them to possess many surprising abilities. Plants can sense and react to more aspects of their environments than we can, and they maintain busy social lives by communicating with each other above and below ground. Calvo believes that the first step in exploring the internal lives of plants is to look closely at their behaviour. He has spent many hours simply sitting and watching his favourite common bean plants grow. “One way to tune in to plants is to slow down and get closer to their different timescales,” he says. At the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory (MINT Lab) at the University of Murcia, he and his colleagues take a more high-tech approach. Taking the climbing beans as an example, they use images taken every minute to capture the plants’ movements while monitoring their internal electrical signalling activity with electrodes and biosensors (生物传感器). While the MINT Lab is looking joyfully at electrical signalling, other plant behaviourists are being sceptical about plants having consciousness. “It’s an interesting philosophical question, but not a very useful one for understanding plants, as everything they do can be explained physiologically (生理地),” says Mike Blatt at the University of Glasgow, UK. 5．Why is the experiment on Mimosa pudica mentioned? A．To discuss plants’ awareness. B．To introduce an anaesthetic. C．To end the public’s argument. D．To call for plant conservation. 6．What has recent research found about plants? A．They are passive in communication. B．They move at a relatively slow speed. C．They operate under a visible system. D．They are sensitive to the surroundings. 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Approaches of observing plants. B．Functions of electrical signals. C．Steps of growing climbing beans. D．Timescales of exploring plants. 8．What might Mike Blatt think of MINT Lab’s study? A．Innovative. B．Worthful. C．Fruitless. D．Outdated. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （广东湛江市2026年普通高考测试（二））When we think about bees and flowers, we usually picture bees flying around beautiful flowers, busy collecting nectar (花蜜). 1 But what if flowers are using their own senses too? Can flowers actually hear bees? Recent scientific research suggests they might, and the way flowers respond to bee sounds is fascinating. Scientists have long known flowers attract bees with colors and sweet smells. But new research has shown that flowers might also be tuning into the sounds that bees make. Bees, when they fly and search for food, produce gentle buzzing sounds (嗡嗡声). For a long time, scientists didn’t think these soft sounds mattered much to plants. 2 In a pioneering study, researchers discovered that some flowers respond to the buzzing of bees by producing sweeter nectar. That means flowers can attract bees visually and through smell. 3 This incredible finding opens up a new understanding of the complex interactions between flowers and bees. But how can a flower hear? Plants don’t have ears like animals, so they must be doing something different. Researchers believe that flowers pick up vibrations (振动) from sound waves. These vibrations move through the air and touch flowers, causing tiny movements that plants can sense. 4 In the same way, flowers might vibrate slightly in response to bee sounds, signaling the plant to produce sweeter nectar. 5 Plants often react to other environmental clues, like sunlight, wind, and touch. Responding to sound waves may just be another clever way that plants adapt to their surroundings and communicate with their partners. A．This is similar to pulling a guitar string. B．Bees are also rewarded for buzzing nearby. C．This type of sensing is not unusual in nature. D．Bees use their sight and smell to find flowers. E．However, recent experiments suggest otherwise. F．The sweeter the nectar is, the happier the bees are. G．On the contrary, bees know what sounds plants prefer. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I recall as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant flowers to my mother. She was, amazed at its shape but her passion eventually 1 . Both my parents hated the 2 of these flowers in the lawn. There were an ocean of them! We spent hours picking them. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never 3 . My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week, but that didn’t 4 these hardy wonders. And for those flowers that escaped the honor of being 5 to my mother or the destiny to be killed by the lawnmower, there was another 6 of existence. The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were 7 . As I worked in my garden last week, I again 8 at the flowers. And I hope I had the 9 of a dandelion. If only I could stretch my roots so deep that nothing could 10 me completely from the source that feeds me life. If only I could face the world with a sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a 11 . If only I could spread love as freely as this flower spreads seeds of itself. The lawns are now beautiful green 12 . The only patches (块) of color come from well-placed and well-controlled flowerbeds. Chemicals have managed to kill what human 13 couldn’t. I hope you and I can be 14 . I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our 15 . I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, and competitiveness. 1．A．changed B．faded C．remained D．uplifted 2．A．presence B．absence C．survival D．removal 3．A．pulled up B．settled down C．got across D．ran out 4．A．distract B．destroy C．trouble D．restore 5．A．hand-washed B．hand-written C．hand-delivered D．hand-crafted 6．A．dimension B．addition C．anticipation D．exception 7．A．amazing B．thriving C．brilliant D．gone 8．A．grabbed B．yelled C．marveled D．laughed 9．A．productivity B．perseverance C．inclusiveness D．effectiveness 10．A．separate B．discourage C．defend D．forbid 11．A．truck B．block C．lawnmower D．dandelion 12．A．boards B．routes C．blankets D．signs 13．A．evolution B．interference C．preservation D．enhancement 14．A．forgiving B．conventional C．emotional D．different 15．A．souls B．deadlines C．fields D．targets Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is not a secret 1 trees are vital to our life. They provide us with food, wood and most 2 (important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—blocking out harmful bacteria from water. The discovery 3 (make) by a team 4 (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students 5 were seeking a natural water filter(过滤)—one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have 6 (accessible) to modern water filter systems. The 7 (research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn 8 trees for help, because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles. They began by cutting 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through. To their 9 (amaze), they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. Greatly 10 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题04水稻种子能感知雨声——实验研究报告 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have discovered that rice seeds that “hear” the sound of raindrops seem to sprout faster than those that do not. The study is the first to suggest that seeds can sense sound, and use the information to help them “decide” when to sprout.麻省理工学院（MIT）的科学家发现，能够“感知”雨滴声音的水稻种子似乎比无法感知的种子发芽更快。这项研究首次表明，种子能够感知声音，并利用这些信息来决定何时发芽。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2026/05/06/rice-seeds-sense-the-sound-of-rain/ Scientists at MIT have published a study suggesting that rice seeds can sense the sound of raindrops hitting water. The researchers believe that the seeds use this information to help them “decide” when to sprout. The researchers wanted to make sure that the seeds were responding to the sound of rain and not to its water. So they chose to focus on rice seeds because rice is usually grown in water. That meant all the seeds would be equally wet. For the experiment, the researchers placed thousands of rice seeds in shallow pools of water. All of the seeds had enough water to sprout. Some of the water was kept completely quiet. But other pools were hit with falling drops of water to imitate real rain – some light, some medium, and some heavy. On average, the seeds that were exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds that were kept in quiet pools of water. The scientists believe that this faster sprouting might give the seeds a better chance of surviving. Dr. Nicholas Makris, who led the study, says, “The energy of the rain sound is enough to accelerate [speed up] a seed’s growth.” Though it may seem strange to think about seeds “hearing” something, sound is really just a vibration. The researchers believe the seeds may be responding to vibrations in the water caused by falling raindrops. These vibrations are much more powerful underwater than in air. Inside the cells of the seeds, there are tiny, heavy grains called “statoliths”. Like snow in a snow globe, these statoliths help seeds figure out which way is “down”. That way, when the seed sprouts, its roots will grow down into the soil and its shoots will grow up toward the light. When the vibrations from the water drops reached the seeds, these statoliths shook around inside the seed cells. The scientists think this may have triggered the seeds to sprout earlier. The researchers believe that sensing rain sounds may help seeds make sure they’re in a good spot to grow. Seeds that can sense the vibrations of the rain are probably close enough to the surface to get moisture, and to grow into the light. 【原创·阅读理解】(369words) 1.What can we know from the first three paragraphs？ A.Rice seeds have a sense of the raindrops. B.Rice seeds respond to the the sound of rain. C.Rice seeds respond to the the water of rain. D.Rice seeds can use the raindrops to sprout. B考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的Scientists at MIT have published a study suggesting that rice seeds can sense the sound of raindrops hitting water. （麻省理工学院的科学家发表了一项研究，表明水稻种子能够感知雨滴撞击水面的声音。）可知，研究的是水稻种子对声音的感知。故选B。 2.What do we know from the experiment? A.the seeds exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds kept in real rain. B.the seeds exposed to the in real rain sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds kept in quiet pools of water. C.the seeds exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds kept in quiet pools of water. D.the seeds exposed to the in real rain sprouted about 30-40% slower than seeds kept in quiet pools of water. C考查细节理解。根据文章中On average, the seeds that were exposed to the fake rain drops sprouted about 30-40% faster than seeds that were kept in quiet pools of water. （平均而言，暴露于模拟雨滴下的种子发芽速度比置于静水池中的种子快约30%-40%。）可知推知，C正确。 3.What does the underlined word“triggered”mean？ A.alleviate B.activate C.liberate D.motivate B考查猜测词义。根据前文内容When the vibrations from the water drops reached the seeds, these statoliths shook around inside the seed cells.（当水滴产生的振动传达到种子时，这些平衡石会在种子细胞内发生振动。）The scientists think this__________ the seeds to sprout earlier.科学家认为，这可能________种子提前发芽。可知，此处是：activate激活的意思。故选B。 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Rice Seeds Sense the Sound of Rain B.Rice Seeds Sense the Water of Rain C.How Do Rice Seeds Decide to Sprout? D.The Fake Rain Drop and Real Rain Drop. A考查文章大意。根据文章整体内容可知，文章主要讲述了水稻种子能够感知雨滴落在水面上的声音，以及相关的实验。故选A。 【课标词汇积累】 1.sprout vi. 发芽；抽芽vt. 使发芽；使生长n. 幼芽，新梢 After weeks of hard work, my confidence finally began to sprout during the school debate competition. 经过几周的努力，我的自信心终于在学校辩论赛中开始萌芽。 2.shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的；（呼吸）浅的，弱的 The swimming pool is too shallow for diving, so we must jump in feet first for safety.游泳池太浅了，不适合跳水，为了安全起见，我们必须脚先入水。 3. medium adj. 中等的；中间的；不深不浅的n. 方式；媒介 English is a useful medium for us to communicate with students from other countries online. 英语是我们与其他国家的学生在线交流的有用媒介。 4.expose v. 揭发；使暴露；使接触 Leaving your phone out in the rain will expose it to water damage and break the circuit.把手机留在雨中会使其遭受水损并破坏电路。 5.fake adj. 假的；伪造的v. 伪造；假装 It is wrong to fake illness just to skip the morning running exercise at school. 仅仅为了逃避学校的晨跑而装病是错误的。 6.accelerate v. （使）加速，加快 Working in a group can accelerate the process of solving complex physics problems. 小组合作可以加速解决复杂物理问题的进程。 7.vibration n. 摆动；震动；感受 The physics teacher demonstrated how sound waves cause vibration in the strings of a guitar. 物理老师演示了声波如何引起吉他弦的振动。 8.moisture n. 水分；湿气；潮湿；降雨量 High moisture in the air during the rainy season makes our classroom feel sticky and uncomfortable.  雨季空气中高含量的水分让我们教室感觉黏糊糊的，很不舒服。 9.respond v. 回答，回复；作出反应；有改进 How did your parents respond when you told them about your plan for the summer vacation? 当你告诉父母你的暑假计划时，他们是如何反应的？ 10.underwater adj. 在水中的；水面下的 We watched an amazing documentary about underwater creatures in geography class today. 今天在地理课上，我们观看了一部关于水下生物的精彩纪录片。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.We learned how seeds ____________ in biology class and then planted some beans in the school garden.我们在生物课上学习了种子如何发芽，随后在学校花园里种了一些豆子。 2.Don't be satisfied with a ____________ understanding of the math formula; try to derive it yourself.不要满足于对数学公式的浅层理解，试着自己去推导它。 3.Please cook the steak to ____________because my father prefers it neither too rare nor too well-done.请把牛排煮成五分熟，因为我父亲不喜欢太生或太熟的口感。 4.The teacher asked us to ____________ our hidden talents during the annual art festival. 老师要求我们在年度艺术节上展示我们隐藏的才华。 5.She realized that the "expert" advice on the internet was completely ____________ and misleading.  她意识到网上那位“专家”的建议完全是虚假且具误导性的。 6.I felt a slight ____________ in my pocket when my phone received a message from my best friend.当手机收到最好朋友发来的消息时，我感觉到口袋里有一丝震动。 7.Plants need adequate ____________ from the soil to grow healthy leaves for our biology observation. 植物需要从土壤中吸收充足的水分，才能长出健康的叶子供我们进行生物观察。 8.Please ____________ to the teacher's question actively instead of keeping silent in class. 请积极回应老师的问题，而不是在课堂上保持沉默。 9.Listening to fast-paced music might ____________ your heartbeat when you are nervous before an exam. 当你考前紧张时，听快节奏的音乐可能会加速你的心跳。 10.Holding your breath ____________ for too long can be dangerous during swimming training. 在游泳训练中，在水下憋气太久可能是危险的。 Keys: 1.sprout 2.shallow 3.medium 4.expose 5.fake 6.vibration 7.moisture 8.respond 9.accelerate 10.underwater 【参考译文】 麻省理工学院的科学家发表了一项研究，表明水稻种子能够感知雨滴落在水面上的声音。研究人员认为，种子利用这一信息来“决定”何时发芽。 研究人员希望确认这些种子是对雨声作出反应，而非对其水分作出反应。因此他们选择研究水稻种子，因为水稻通常是在水中种植的，这意味着所有种子都会处于相同的湿润状态。 在实验中，研究人员将数千粒水稻种子置于浅水池中。所有种子均获得充足的水分以完成发芽。 部分水体保持完全静止；而其他水池则被喷洒水滴以模拟真实降雨效果——有的雨势较轻，有的中等，还有的较为猛烈。 平均而言，暴露在模拟雨滴下的种子发芽速度比置于静水池中的种子快约30%至40%。科学家认为，这种更快的发芽速度可能有助于种子提高存活几率。 该研究负责人尼古拉斯·马克里斯博士表示：“雨水声的能量足以加速种子的生长。” 尽管想象种子“听到”声音似乎有些奇怪，但声音本质上只是一种振动。研究人员认为，这些种子可能是对雨滴落下时在水中产生的振动产生了反应。这种振动在水下的强度远大于在空气中的强度。 种子细胞内部含有被称为“平衡石”的微小而沉重的颗粒。这些平衡石如同雪景球中的雪花，帮助种子判断“向下”的方向。因此，当种子发芽时，其根系会向下伸入土壤，而幼苗则会向上朝向光源生长。 当水滴产生的振动传达到种子时，这些平衡石会在种子细胞内发生震动。科学家认为，这可能促使种子提前发芽。 研究人员认为，感知雨声有助于种子确定自身生长的最佳位置。能够感知雨声振动的种子通常距离地表足够近，既能吸收水分，又能向光照方向生长。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 Anyone who has tried to keep potted plants or a home garden alive through different seasons knows it’s a task easier said than done. Sudden temperature changes and long-lasting droughts can stress plants, disturbing their normal biochemistry. If not addressed quickly enough, those stresses can eventually kill the plant. Disappointed growers often only see the tell-tale signs (like browning leaves) after it’s too late. But a new plant-wearable device by ACS (American Chemical Society) researchers could offer an early warning system. The wearable comes in the form of an electromagnetic (电磁的) sensor attached directly to plant leaves, whose purpose is to detect hydrogen peroxide, a chemical that plants release when exposed to environmental stress. The sensor consists of many tiny plastic needles mounted on a flexible base. That base is coated with a chitosan-based hydrogel (a kind of soft material) capable of detecting small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, which is then changed into an electric current. The presence of that current alerts growers to their plants’ stress levels. In the past, researchers monitored early signs of plant stress by taking small samples or observing changes in fluorescence (荧光). But neither of those options are perfect. Taking samples can damage a plant and engender stress of its own and fluorescence changes can be difficult to clearly detect. That’s where the plant wearable comes in. By attaching an electrochemical sensor directly to a plant’s leaves, the researchers believed they could get a near-instant response while minimizing physical disturbance to the plant. In several experiments, the wearable accurately identified hydrogen peroxide in plants that had been attacked by a pathogen (病原体). The research suggests that in theory, similar wearables can be applied to crops across wide farming areas as an affordable way to detect stressed plants before they are beyond saving. “This sensor technology has the potential to function as a hand-held device for on-site measurement of reactive oxygen species in plants, providing a rapid and cost-effective solution for hydrogen peroxide quantification,” write the researchers. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving examples. B．By correcting a misbelief. C．By offering an assumption. D．By describing phenomena. 2．Which aspect of the wearable device does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Its testing results. B．Its working principle. C．Its unique components. D．Its powerful significance. 3．What does the underlined word “engender” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Discover. B．Lessen. C．Cause. D．Avoid. 4．What can be inferred about the sensor technology? A．It hasn’t been used on large farms. B．It removes pathogens from plants. C．It can’t speed up plant monitoring. D．It increases crop production greatly. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了人们养护植物常难及时发现其受环境胁迫，科研人员研发植物可穿戴传感器，可检测植物应激物质，相较传统方法更具优势，有望广泛用于农田植株监测预警。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Anyone who has tried to keep potted plants or a home garden alive through different seasons knows it’s a task easier said than done. Sudden temperature changes and long-lasting droughts can stress plants, disturbing their normal biochemistry. If not addressed quickly enough, those stresses can eventually kill the plant. Disappointed growers often only see the tell-tale signs (like browning leaves) after it’s too late. But a new plant-wearable device by ACS (American Chemical Society) researchers could offer an early warning system.( 任何尝试在不同季节里养护盆栽植物或家庭花园的人都知道，这项任务说起来容易做起来难。突然的温度变化和长期的干旱会令植物承受压力，扰乱其正常的生物化学过程。如果处理不及时，这些压力最终可能会导致植物死亡。失望的园丁往往是在为时已晚时才会看到那些明显的迹象（比如叶子变棕），但美国化学学会（ACS）的研究人员推出的一种新型植物可穿戴设备或许能提供一个早期预警系统。)”可知，文章开篇先描述了一个普遍现象：养盆栽或家庭花园很难，温度骤变、干旱会伤害植物，而种植者往往发现问题时已经太晚。在此基础上，自然引出美国化学学会研发的新型植物可穿戴预警设备。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The wearable comes in the form of an electromagnetic (电磁的) sensor attached directly to plant leaves, whose purpose is to detect hydrogen peroxide, a chemical that plants release when exposed to environmental stress. The sensor consists of many tiny plastic needles mounted on a flexible base. That base is coated with a chitosan-based hydrogel (a kind of soft material) capable of detecting small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, which is then changed into an electric current. The presence of that current alerts growers to their plants’ stress levels.( 这种可穿戴设备的形式是一个直接附着在植物叶子上的电磁传感器，其目的是检测过氧化氢，这是一种植物在受到环境压力时释放的化学物质。该传感器由许多微小的塑料针安装在一个灵活的基座上组成。该基座上涂有一种基于壳聚糖的水凝胶（一种柔软材料），能够检测少量的过氧化氢，然后将其转化为电流。这种电流的存在会提醒园丁他们的植物处于何种压力状态。)”可知，第二段主要谈论了可穿戴设备的工作原理。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In the past, researchers monitored early signs of plant stress by taking small samples or observing changes in fluorescence (荧光). But neither of those options are perfect.( 过去，研究人员通过采集小样本或观察荧光变化来监测植物的早期压力迹象。但这两种方法都不完美。)”以及划线单词句中“Taking samples can damage a plant and … stress of its own and fluorescence changes can be difficult to clearly detect.( 采集样本可能会对植物造成损害，并……自身的压力反应，而荧光变化也难以清晰地检测出来。)”可知，前半句说取样会伤害植物，后半句用 and 连接并列的负面影响，说明取样本身也会“造成” 植物的压力。由此可知，engender 在此处意为“引起、导致”，与C选项cause“引起” 同义。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The research suggests that in theory, similar wearables can be applied to crops across wide farming areas as an affordable way to detect stressed plants before they are beyond saving.( 研究显示，理论上，类似的可穿戴设备可以应用于大面积农田的作物检测，作为一种经济实惠的方法，在作物无法挽救之前检测出受压状态的植物。)”可推知，关于这种传感器技术，可以得出它尚未在大型农场中使用。 Passage2阅读理解 （贵州贵阳市2026届高三年级2月适应性考试（一））Many people have seen the way a Mimosa pudica plant, also called the touch-me-not, folds its leaves when touched. Fewer know that if you put one into a sealed room with a dose of anaesthetic (麻醉剂), it will eventually stop doing this, as though it has been knocked out or put to sleep. This raises controversial ideas: Does this plant exist in a state of awareness that is shut off by anaesthetics? Or might we consider this state as plants’ subjective internal experience? Paco Calvo at the University of Murcia in Spain and a small group of plant behaviour researchers take them seriously. Plants operate in ways that are difficult for us to perceive, so people have traditionally assumed they aren’t doing very much. But in recent years, researchers have found them to possess many surprising abilities. Plants can sense and react to more aspects of their environments than we can, and they maintain busy social lives by communicating with each other above and below ground. Calvo believes that the first step in exploring the internal lives of plants is to look closely at their behaviour. He has spent many hours simply sitting and watching his favourite common bean plants grow. “One way to tune in to plants is to slow down and get closer to their different timescales,” he says. At the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory (MINT Lab) at the University of Murcia, he and his colleagues take a more high-tech approach. Taking the climbing beans as an example, they use images taken every minute to capture the plants’ movements while monitoring their internal electrical signalling activity with electrodes and biosensors (生物传感器). While the MINT Lab is looking joyfully at electrical signalling, other plant behaviourists are being sceptical about plants having consciousness. “It’s an interesting philosophical question, but not a very useful one for understanding plants, as everything they do can be explained physiologically (生理地),” says Mike Blatt at the University of Glasgow, UK. 5．Why is the experiment on Mimosa pudica mentioned? A．To discuss plants’ awareness. B．To introduce an anaesthetic. C．To end the public’s argument. D．To call for plant conservation. 6．What has recent research found about plants? A．They are passive in communication. B．They move at a relatively slow speed. C．They operate under a visible system. D．They are sensitive to the surroundings. 7．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Approaches of observing plants. B．Functions of electrical signals. C．Steps of growing climbing beans. D．Timescales of exploring plants. 8．What might Mike Blatt think of MINT Lab’s study? A．Innovative. B．Worthful. C．Fruitless. D．Outdated. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．A 8．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对植物是否具有意识及内部生活的研究与探讨。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fewer know that if you put one into a sealed room with a dose of anaesthetic (麻醉剂), it will eventually stop doing this, as though it has been knocked out or put to sleep. This raises controversial ideas: Does this plant exist in a state of awareness that is shut off by anaesthetics? Or might we consider this state as plants’ subjective internal experience?(但很少有人知道，若将一株含羞草放入密封房间并通入一定剂量的麻醉剂，它最终会停止这种反应，仿佛被麻醉或陷入沉睡一般。这引发了颇具争议的疑问：这种植物是否存在一种能被麻醉剂阻断的意识状态？或者，我们能否将这种状态视为植物的主观内在体验？)”可知，提到含羞草实验是为了讨论植物是否有意识。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But in recent years, researchers have found them to possess many surprising abilities. Plants can sense and react to more aspects of their environments than we can, and they maintain busy social lives by communicating with each other above and below ground.(但近年来，研究人员发现它们具备许多令人惊叹的能力。植物能够感知并对环境中更多方面的变化做出反应，而且它们通过地上和地下的交流方式维持着繁忙的社交生活)”可知，最近的研究发现植物对周围环境很敏感。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Calvo believes that the first step in exploring the internal lives of plants is to look closely at their behaviour.(Calvo认为，探索植物内部生活的第一步是仔细观察它们的行为)”以及后文提到的观察方法可知，本段主要讲观察植物的方法。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““It’s an interesting philosophical question, but not a very useful one for understanding plants, as everything they do can be explained physiologically (生理地),” says Mike Blatt at the University of Glasgow, UK.(英国格拉斯哥大学的Mike Blatt表示：“这是一个有趣的哲学问题，但对于理解植物而言并无太大助益，因为它们所做的一切都能从生理学角度得到解释。”)”可知，Mike Blatt认为MINT实验室的研究没有实际意义，是徒劳无果的。故选C。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （广东湛江市2026年普通高考测试（二））When we think about bees and flowers, we usually picture bees flying around beautiful flowers, busy collecting nectar (花蜜). 1 But what if flowers are using their own senses too? Can flowers actually hear bees? Recent scientific research suggests they might, and the way flowers respond to bee sounds is fascinating. Scientists have long known flowers attract bees with colors and sweet smells. But new research has shown that flowers might also be tuning into the sounds that bees make. Bees, when they fly and search for food, produce gentle buzzing sounds (嗡嗡声). For a long time, scientists didn’t think these soft sounds mattered much to plants. 2 In a pioneering study, researchers discovered that some flowers respond to the buzzing of bees by producing sweeter nectar. That means flowers can attract bees visually and through smell. 3 This incredible finding opens up a new understanding of the complex interactions between flowers and bees. But how can a flower hear? Plants don’t have ears like animals, so they must be doing something different. Researchers believe that flowers pick up vibrations (振动) from sound waves. These vibrations move through the air and touch flowers, causing tiny movements that plants can sense. 4 In the same way, flowers might vibrate slightly in response to bee sounds, signaling the plant to produce sweeter nectar. 5 Plants often react to other environmental clues, like sunlight, wind, and touch. Responding to sound waves may just be another clever way that plants adapt to their surroundings and communicate with their partners. A．This is similar to pulling a guitar string. B．Bees are also rewarded for buzzing nearby. C．This type of sensing is not unusual in nature. D．Bees use their sight and smell to find flowers. E．However, recent experiments suggest otherwise. F．The sweeter the nectar is, the happier the bees are. G．On the contrary, bees know what sounds plants prefer. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现花朵能感知蜜蜂的嗡嗡声，通过声波振动产生更甜的花蜜，这种感知能力在自然界并不罕见，也让人们对花蜂互动有了新认知。 1．前文“When we think about bees and flowers, we usually picture bees flying around beautiful flowers, busy collecting nectar (花蜜). (当我们想到蜜蜂和花朵时，通常会想象蜜蜂在美丽的花朵周围飞舞，忙碌地采集花蜜。)”描述蜜蜂采蜜的场景，后文“But what if flowers are using their own senses too? Can flowers actually hear bees? ( 但倘若花朵也有自己的感知能力呢？花朵真的能听到蜜蜂的声音吗？)”转折提出“花朵也有感官、能听见蜜蜂”，D项“Bees use their sight and smell to find flowers.(蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉来寻找花朵。)”先说明蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉寻找花朵，形成前后逻辑衔接，符合语境。故选D项。 2．前文“For a long time, scientists didn’t think these soft sounds mattered much to plants.( 长期以来，科学家们认为这些轻微的声音对植物来说并不重要。)”提到科学家长期认为蜜蜂的嗡嗡声对植物无关紧要，后文“In a pioneering study, researchers discovered that some flowers respond to the buzzing of bees by producing sweeter nectar.(在一项开创性的研究中，研究人员发现，一些花朵会因蜜蜂的嗡嗡声而分泌出更甜的花蜜。)”介绍新研究发现花朵会对蜜蜂声音做出反应，E项“However, recent experiments suggest otherwise.( 然而，最近的实验结果却与此相反。)”表转折，引出相反的实验结论，衔接自然。故选E项。 3．前文“In a pioneering study, researchers discovered that some flowers respond to the buzzing of bees by producing sweeter nectar. That means flowers can attract bees visually and through smell.( 在一项开创性的研究中，研究人员发现，一些花朵会因蜜蜂的嗡嗡声而分泌出更甜的花蜜。这意味着花朵可以通过视觉和气味来吸引蜜蜂。)”指出花朵听到蜜蜂声音会产出更甜的花蜜，B项“Bees are also rewarded for buzzing nearby.( 蜜蜂在附近嗡嗡作响也会得到奖励。)”承接“更甜的花蜜”这一内容，说明花蜜甜度对蜜蜂的影响，与后文“这一发现刷新认知”形成连贯逻辑。故选B项。 4．前文“These vibrations move through the air and touch flowers, causing tiny movements that plants can sense.( 这些振动在空气中传播并作用于花朵，引发微小的运动，而植物能够感知到这些运动。)”说明花朵能感知声波带来的振动，后文用“In the same way(同样地)”类比花朵的振动反应，A项“This is similar to pulling a guitar string.( 这与拉动吉他弦的过程类似。)”以拨吉他弦作类比，契合上下文的类比逻辑。故选A项。 5．后文“Plants often react to other environmental clues, like sunlight, wind, and touch.( 植物通常会对其他环境线索做出反应，比如阳光、风和触碰。)”提到植物还会对阳光、风、触摸等环境信号做出反应，C项“This type of sensing is not unusual in nature.( 这种感知在自然界中并不罕见。)”指出这种感知能力在自然界并不罕见，总起后文内容，衔接顺畅。故选C项。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I recall as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant flowers to my mother. She was, amazed at its shape but her passion eventually 1 . Both my parents hated the 2 of these flowers in the lawn. There were an ocean of them! We spent hours picking them. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never 3 . My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week, but that didn’t 4 these hardy wonders. And for those flowers that escaped the honor of being 5 to my mother or the destiny to be killed by the lawnmower, there was another 6 of existence. The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were 7 . As I worked in my garden last week, I again 8 at the flowers. And I hope I had the 9 of a dandelion. If only I could stretch my roots so deep that nothing could 10 me completely from the source that feeds me life. If only I could face the world with a sunshiny face after someone has run me over with a 11 . If only I could spread love as freely as this flower spreads seeds of itself. The lawns are now beautiful green 12 . The only patches (块) of color come from well-placed and well-controlled flowerbeds. Chemicals have managed to kill what human 13 couldn’t. I hope you and I can be 14 . I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our 15 . I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, and competitiveness. 1．A．changed B．faded C．remained D．uplifted 2．A．presence B．absence C．survival D．removal 3．A．pulled up B．settled down C．got across D．ran out 4．A．distract B．destroy C．trouble D．restore 5．A．hand-washed B．hand-written C．hand-delivered D．hand-crafted 6．A．dimension B．addition C．anticipation D．exception 7．A．amazing B．thriving C．brilliant D．gone 8．A．grabbed B．yelled C．marveled D．laughed 9．A．productivity B．perseverance C．inclusiveness D．effectiveness 10．A．separate B．discourage C．defend D．forbid 11．A．truck B．block C．lawnmower D．dandelion 12．A．boards B．routes C．blankets D．signs 13．A．evolution B．interference C．preservation D．enhancement 14．A．forgiving B．conventional C．emotional D．different 15．A．souls B．deadlines C．fields D．targets 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者回忆童年时期对蒲公英的喜爱与父母对它的厌恶，引申出对生命力顽强、坚韧不拔精神的赞美，表达了作者希望像蒲公英一样拥有深深扎根、无畏困难、传播爱与阳光的生活态度。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲对这花的形状感到惊奇，但她的热情最终消退了。A. changed换；B. faded逐渐消失；C. remained仍然；D. uplifted使振奋。根据下文“Both my parents hated the________of these flowers in the lawn.”可知，此处表示母亲对于花的热情消退了。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母都讨厌草坪上有这些花的存在。A. presence存在；B. absence缺席；C. survival存活；D. removal移动。根据下文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”可知，父亲每周都会割掉蒲公英，所以此处表示父母讨厌草坪上存在这些花。故选A项。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但蒲公英似乎永远不会摘完。A. pulled up减速停下；B. settled down安顿下来；C. got across使被理解；D. ran out用完，耗尽。根据上文“We spent hours picking them. But the supply of dandelions (蒲公英) never”以及下文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”可知，此处表示蒲公英似乎永远也摘不完。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲每周都会用割草机把所有蒲公英的头都割掉，但这并没有摧毁这些顽强的生命奇迹。A. distract分散；B. destroy摧毁；C. trouble麻烦；D. restore恢复。根据下文“The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were________.”可知，割草机的切割并不能消灭所有的蒲公英。故选B项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有被亲手交给母亲的荣耀，也没有被割草机割死的命运的花来说，存在另一个维度。A. hand-washed手洗的；B. hand-written手写的；C. hand-delivered亲手交付的；D. hand-crafted手工制作的。根据上文“I recall as a young child bringing a bunch of brilliant flowers to my mother. ”可知，此处指作者亲手送给母亲的花。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有被亲手交给母亲的荣耀，也没有被割草机割死的命运的花来说，存在另一个维度。A. dimension维度；B. addition添加；C. anticipation预期；D. exception例外。根据下文“The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were________.”以及语境可知，除了被摘掉送给作者的母亲和被作者的父亲用割草机割掉外，还有另一种存在维度。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新蒲公英的出现让我们惊叹不已，因为我们以为所有的都已经消失了。A. amazing令人惊喜的；B. thriving欣欣向荣的；C. brilliant聪颖的；D. gone不复存在的。根据上文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”以及常识可知，经过割草机的切割之后，作者以为蒲公英都被处理完，不复存在了。故选D项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周我在花园里劳作时，再次对这些花感到惊奇。A. grabbed抓住；B. yelled喊；C. marveled感到惊奇；D. laughed笑。根据上文“The emergence of a new dandelion caused endless amazement as we had thought all were________.”可知，此处表示作者再次对花感到惊奇。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望我有蒲公英那样的毅力。A. productivity生产力；B. perseverance毅力；C. inclusiveness包容性；D. effectiveness有效性。根据下文“If only I could stretch my roots so deep that nothing could________me completely from the source that feeds me life.”以及语境可知，此处指作者希望拥有蒲公英般的坚持与毅力。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我能把根扎得如此之深，以至于没有任何东西能把我与滋养我生命的源泉完全隔绝。A. separate分开，隔开；B. discourage劝阻；C. defend保卫；D. forbid禁止。根据下文“me completely from the source that feeds me life”以及语境可知，此处表示没有任何东西可以将其隔绝于生命源泉。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有人用割草机碾过我之后，我还能面带阳光地面对世界。A. truck卡车；B. block块；C. lawnmower割草机；D. dandelion蒲公英。根据上文“My father would cut off all the heads with the lawnmower (割草机) once a week,”可知，此处呼应前文的割草机，表示如果有人使用割草机碾过之后。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：草坪现在是美丽的绿色地毯。A. boards板；B. routes路线；C. blankets毯子；D. signs标志。根据上文“The lawns are now beautiful green”以及下文“The only patches (块) of color come from well-placed and well-controlled flowerbeds.”可知，此处将草坪比作绿色的地毯。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：化学药品已经成功杀死了人力干预无法消灭的东西。A. evolution进化；B. interference干扰，干预；C. preservation保存；D. enhancement增强。根据上文“Chemicals have managed to kill what human”可知，此处将人力干预与化学药品的作用对比。故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望你和我能有所不同。A. forgiving宽容的；B. conventional常规的；C. emotional情感的；D. different与众不同的。根据下文“I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our________. I hope that we can overcome the poisons of anger, fear, hate, and competitiveness.”可知，此处表示作者希望人们都可以像蒲公英一样与众不同。故选D项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：希望我们的根能扎得足够深，最强的毒药也触及不到我们的灵魂。A. souls灵魂；B. deadlines截止日期；C. fields地，田；D. targets目标。根据上文“I hope that we can stretch our roots deep enough that the strongest poison can’t reach our”以及语境可知，此处表示最深的毒药也不会触及最深层的部分，即触及不到灵魂。故选A项。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is not a secret 1 trees are vital to our life. They provide us with food, wood and most 2 (important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—blocking out harmful bacteria from water. The discovery 3 (make) by a team 4 (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students 5 were seeking a natural water filter(过滤)—one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have 6 (accessible) to modern water filter systems. The 7 (research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn 8 trees for help, because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles. They began by cutting 1.5-inch-wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through. To their 9 (amaze), they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. Greatly 10 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through. 【答案】 1．that 2．importantly 3．was made 4．consisting 5．who/that 6．access 7．researchers 8．to 9．amazement 10．encouraged 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。树对我们的生活很重要，这已经不是秘密。一队科学家对树进行了研究，又有了新的发现，它们能去除水中的细菌。 1．考查主语从句。句意：树木对我们的生活至关重要，这不是秘密。此处it是形式主语，后面　　1　　trees are vital to our life是主语从句，又因为从句中不缺少成分，故选用从属连词that。故填that。 2．考查副词。句意：它们为我们提供食物，木材，最重要的是，氧气。此处most importantly是在修饰谓语动词provide，故用副词。故填importantly。 3．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这一发现是由麻省理工学院（MIT）的科学家和寻求天然滤水器的高中生组成的团队发现的——这将有助于发展中国家无法使用现代滤水系统的社区。the discovery和make之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填was made。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处是现在分词短语“consisting of scientists”作后置定语，修饰team。因为被修饰词team和consist之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填consisting。 5．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，因为先行词是students，并且引导词在定语从句中充当主语，故用who/that。故填who/that。 6．考查形容词和名词的转换。句意：同上。have access to是固定搭配，意为“使用，接近，可以利用”。故填access。 7．考查名词及名词的数。句意：由Rohit Karnik教授领导的研究人员决定求助于树木，因为它们可以让液体流过，同时阻挡气泡。根据句意，此处表示人，故用researcher。又因“研究人员”不止一个，故用复数。故填researchers。 8．考查介词。句意：同上。turn to“向……求助”，为固定搭配。故填to。 9．考查名词。句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们发现它能有效捕获所有粒子。to one's amazement是固定结构，表示“令某人惊讶的是”。故填amazement。 10．考查过去分词。句意：在极大的鼓舞下，研究小组进行了另一项实验，这次用的是含有细菌的水。此处为分词作状语，主语team与encourage之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词encouraged。 故填encouraged。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $