专题05阅读理解（七选五）（期末真题汇编）高一英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 该试卷为高中英语七选五阅读理解专题汇编，涵盖“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题，精选广东、江苏、重庆等地高一下学期期末/期中真题，素材贴近学生生活，注重逻辑思维与实用技能培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |七选五阅读理解|每篇5题，共12篇|生活技能（骑行、省钱）、人际沟通（友谊、跨文化）、环境保护（低碳生活、塑料污染）|情境真实，如骑行安全建议、社区花园建设；问题设计梯度分明，考查段落主题句与过渡句衔接；素材源自各地期末真题，适配高一下学期教学目标。|

专题05 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末） With the rise of digital learning platforms, more students are turning to online resources to supplement their studies. However, staying focused while learning online can be challenging. 1 Here are some strategies to help you stay on track. Create a dedicated study space. Having a specific area for studying helps your brain switch into “learning mode.” Make sure this space is quiet, well-lit, and free from distractions like your phone or TV. 2 Set clear goals for each session. Before you start, decide what you want to achieve in the next 30 to 60 minutes. Breaking down larger tasks into smaller, manageable goals can boost your sense of accomplishment. 3 Take regular breaks. Staring at a screen for hours can lead to tiredness and reduced concentration. Try the Pomodoro Technique: study for 25 minutes, then take a 5-minute break. 4 Stretch, walk around, or get some water to refresh your mind. Stay connected with others. Online learning doesn’t mean you have to study alone. Join discussion forums or form a virtual study group. 5 It also keeps you motivated and accountable. A. This not only deepens your understanding. B. Start with easy subjects to build up your confidence. C. But forming a productive online study habit is easier said than done. D. Avoid studying in bed, as it can make you feel sleepy. E. During breaks, avoid screens and move your body. F. You can use apps to block distracting websites. G. Write your goals down and check them off as you go. 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．A 【解析】 1．上文提到“保持专注有挑战性”，下文给出策略，C项“但养成高效的在线学习习惯说起来容易做起来难”承上启下，符合逻辑。 2．本段讲学习空间，D项“避免在床上学习，会让你犯困”是对前文“安静、明亮、无干扰”空间的补充，符合语境。 3．本段讲设定目标，G项“写下目标并逐项勾掉”具体说明了如何增强成就感，与“smaller manageable goals”对应。 4．本段讲休息，E项“休息时远离屏幕，活动身体”是对番茄工作法后休息方式的合理延伸。 5．本段讲与他人互动，A项“这不仅能加深理解”中的“这”指代前文的讨论或小组学习，且与后文“还能保持动力”形成递进关系。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期中）If you struggle to meet new people or join in a conversation at social events, it might be that your body language is sending the message to others to stay away. 6 ? Below are some tips to get you started. Smile. Although it is possible to overdo smiling, generally it is better to smile than frown (皱眉). Try to find things that really make you happy or laugh and your smile will come across as natural rather than forced. 7 . Make sure that you aren’t using objects to shield (遮住) yourself from others. At a party, hold your drink at your side instead of close to your chest (胸膛). Keeping objects between you and others makes you appear guarded and closed. Use eye contact. When you do end up talking with someone, be sure to maintain eye contact. Avoiding eye contact makes you appear untrustworthy or disinterested. If direct eye contact feels hard, try looking at only one eye at a time, or at a part between a person’s eyes. 8 Avoid nervous habits. Even though you might be nervous, avoid the habits that go with it. 9 . Don’t play with your pen or the change in your pocket. Keep your hands relaxed at your sides or use them to gesture (做手势) when making conversation. 10 . Say nice things about other people instead of mean things. Approach others and include those who seem to be left out. Be a positive person and you will attract other positive people to you. Although it may feel unnatural at first, with time you should start to feel more open and confident as a result of changing your body language. A．Avoid blocks B．Use objects on hand C．They won’t be able to tell the difference D．Apart from body language, always be positive E．Stop touching your face or playing with your hair F．How can you read different types of body language properly G．How can you improve your body language to appear more approachable 【答案】6．G 7．A 8．C 9．E 10．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些改善肢体语言以显得更平易近人的方法。 6．根据上文“If you struggle to meet new people or join in a conversation at social events, it might be that your body language is sending the message to others to stay away.(如果你在社交场合很难结识新朋友或加入对话，可能是你的肢体语言向别人传达了远离的信息)”可知，上文提出了在社交场合中肢体语言可能会给人留下不好的印象这一问题。下文“Below are some tips to get you started.(以下是一些让你开始的建议)”则提出了一些改善肢体语言的建议。G 选项“How can you improve your body language to appear more approachable(如何改善你的肢体语言，让自己看起来更平易近人)”位于段中，承上启下，既承接上文提到的肢体语言给人留下不好印象的问题，又引出下文改善肢体语言的建议。故选G。 7．根据下文“Make sure that you aren’t using objects to shield (遮住) yourself from others. At a party, hold your drink at your side instead of close to your chest (胸膛). Keeping objects between you and others makes you appear guarded and closed.(确保你没有用物品来遮住自己不被他人看到。在聚会上，把你的饮料放在你身边，而不是靠近你的胸部。在你和其他人之间放东西会让你显得有戒心和封闭)”可知下文说明在社交场合中要避免用物品隔开自己和他人，要保持开放的姿态。A 选项“Avoid blocks (避免阻隔)”位于段首，对下文起总结概括的作用，且与后文的“shield(遮住)”和“guarded and closed”相呼应。故选A。 8．根据上文“If direct eye contact feels hard, try looking at only one eye at a time, or at a part between a person’s eyes.(如果直接的眼神交流感觉很难，试着一次只看一只眼睛，或者看一个人的眼睛之间的部分)”可知，上文建议在与人交谈时，如果感觉直接的眼神交流困难，可以采取的方式。C 选项“They won’t be able to tell the difference (他们不会看出区别的)”则说明即使没有直接的眼神交流，别人也不会察觉，与上文构成因果关系。故选C。 9．根据上文“Even though you might be nervous, avoid the habits that go with it.(尽管你可能会紧张，但要避免随之而来的习惯)”可知上文提到要避免紧张时的习惯。E 选项“Stop touching your face or playing with your hair (停止触摸你的脸或玩弄你的头发)”是具体的紧张时的习惯，对上文起举例说明的作用。故选E。 10．根据下文“Say nice things about other people instead of mean things. Approach others and include those who seem to be left out. Be a positive person and you will attract other positive people to you.(说别人的好话而不是刻薄的话。接近他人，包括那些似乎被忽视的人。做一个积极的人，你会吸引其他积极的人)”可知下文建议要做一个积极的人，多说别人的好话。D 选项“Apart from body language, always be positive (除了肢体语言，永远要积极)”位于段首，对下文起总结概括的作用，且positive与后文的nice和positive相呼应。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·重庆·期中）Reasons Why You Need to Read More Historical Fiction Historical fiction refers to fictional stories set in true historical contexts. This mixes the lines between reality and imagination, because it is both factual and fictional. 11 Here’s why. It gives you an alternative perspective（思考方法）to look at the past. It is a common belief that victors write history. Indeed, it is always victors who have had the last say in the documentation of facts. But through stories，which demand imagination and innovation, it is possible to rewrite histories from the perspective of those on the losing side. This allows unheard voices to get recognition, and unknown stories to be told. 12 It makes you more aware of the world as well as local legacies. Because historical fiction doesn’t exist in a completely made-up world and is written instead in definite places and times, it has a context. 13 . It provides information about local as well as global histories, allowing you to better understand why certain people, communities and countries are the way they are. 14 Among various fiction types, historical fiction stands out as a highly informative category. This is due to the extensive and precise research it demands, creating an impressive experience that transports you to different eras. This, in turn, allows you to get a sense of a life and times so vastly different from yours. It challenges your perspectives about culture. 15 By providing alternative perspectives to a known reality, it offers alternative ways of looking at people. Postcolonial (后殖民主义的) historical fiction, for instance, has long worked to challenge the idea of imperial (帝国的) superiority. Slave fiction challenges the idea of racism. A．It makes you connect with your ancestors. B．It offers alternative perspectives to past realities. C．Alternative perspectives make you broad-minded. D．It gives you a sense of a life and times before yours. E．You should definitely invest in reading historical fiction. F．It is this context that makes historical fiction unique and essential. G．One social influence historical fiction has is that it challenges cultural assumptions. 【答案】11．E 12．B 13．F 14．D 15．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了为什么要读历史小说的原因。 11．根据上文“Historical fiction refers to fictional stories set in true historical contexts. This mixes the lines between reality and imagination, because it is both factual and fictional. (历史小说是指以真实历史背景为背景的虚构故事。这混合了现实和想象之间的界限，因为它既是事实又是虚构的。)”可知，作者是要推荐读者去读历史小说，结合根据下文“Here’s why.”可知，空处应为总结句，与E项“You should definitely invest in reading historical fiction. (你绝对应该多读些历史小说。)”上下文一致，且与文章标题Reasons Why You Need to Read More Historical Fiction相呼应，故选E项。 12．根据标题“It gives you an alternative perspective（思考方法）to look at the past. (它为你提供了另一种视角来看待过去。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是看待过去的另一种视角，与B项“It offers alternative perspectives to past realities. (它为过去的现实提供了另一种视角。)”上下文一致，与标题相呼应，符合文意，故选B项。 13．根据上文“Because historical fiction doesn’t exist in a completely made-up world and is written instead in definite places and times, it has a context. (因为历史小说不存在于一个完全虚构的世界里，而是在特定的地点和时间写成的，所以它有一个背景。)”可知，历史小说需要一个特定的背景，与F项“It is this context that makes historical fiction unique and essential. (正是这种背景使历史小说变得独特而重要。)”上下文一致，上文a context与F项中It is this context前后呼应，的符合文意，故选F项。 14．根据下文“This, in turn, allows you to get a sense of a life and times so vastly different from yours. (反过来，这也让你感受到一种与自己截然不同的生活和时代。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是历史小说给人的感觉，与D项“It gives you a sense of a life and times before yours. (它给你一种前世今生的感觉。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。 15．根据标题“It challenges your perspectives about culture. (它挑战了你对文化的看法。)”可知，本段主要与历史小说对文化的影响有关，与G项“One social influence historical fiction has is that it challenges cultural assumptions. (历史小说的一个社会影响是它挑战了文化假设。)”上下文一致，符合文意，challenges一词前后呼应，故选G项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·广东汕头·期末） In today’s digital age, many students find themselves spending hours on social media every day. While these platforms can help us stay connected with friends, they can also become a major source of distraction and anxiety. 16 Here are some practical tips to help you build a healthier relationship with social media. Set time limits for daily use. It’s easy to lose track of time when scrolling through endless posts. Use the timer on your phone or a specialized app to cap your social media usage at, say, one hour per day. 17 Turn off non-essential notifications. Every buzz or ping pulls your attention away from whatever you’re doing. By disabling notifications for likes, comments, or new followers, you reduce the urge to check your phone constantly. 18 Curate your feed actively. Unfollow accounts that make you feel inadequate, jealous, or stressed. Instead, follow pages that inspire you, teach you something new, or simply make you laugh. 19 Schedule phone-free periods. Designate certain times of the day—such as during meals, homework time, or the first hour after waking up—as “no-screen” zones. 20 You might be surprised at how much more focused and calm you feel. A．This helps you regain control over your attention. B．Start with one small change and build from there. C．But breaking free from social media overuse is easier said than done. D．Once the time is up, the app will lock itself or remind you to stop. E．These breaks allow your brain to rest and reset. F．Remember: you are the one who decides what appears on your screen. G．Posting too often can also cause unnecessary pressure. 【答案】 16．C 17．D 18．A 19．F 20．E 【详细解析】 16．上文语境：文章开头指出社交媒体虽然能帮助人们保持联系，但也可能成为分心和焦虑的主要来源。这为下文提出解决方法做了铺垫。 逻辑衔接：从“问题”过渡到“解决方法”时，通常需要一句话点明：改变并不容易。C项“但摆脱社交媒体的过度使用说起来容易做起来难”恰好起到承上启下的作用——既承接上文提到的负面影响，又自然引出下文的实用建议。 排除干扰：其他选项要么直接给出建议（如D、E），要么偏离主题（如G），不适合放在段首作为转折句。 故答案选C。 17．段落主旨：本段建议设置每日使用时间限制（如1小时）。 逻辑衔接：前一句提到“用计时器或专门应用限制使用时间”，接下来需要说明“时间到了之后会发生什么”。D项“时间一到，应用会自动锁定或提醒你停止”正是对前一句的具体补充，使建议更完整、可操作。 与主题句呼应：D项中的“Once the time is up”与上一句的“cap your usage”形成直接的因果关系。 故答案选D。 18．段落主旨：本段建议关闭非必要的通知。 逻辑衔接：关闭通知的目的是减少频繁查看手机的冲动，从而重新掌握对自己注意力的控制。A项“这有助于你重新掌控自己的注意力”中的“这”指代前文提到的“关闭通知”这一行为，是对该行为作用的直接解释。 深层逻辑：注意力的控制是减少焦虑、提高效率的关键，A项紧扣段落核心目标。 故答案选A。 19．段落主旨：本段建议主动筛选关注的内容，取消关注让自己感到焦虑的账号，关注有益的账号。 逻辑衔接：段落最后一句需要强化“主动选择”的意识。F项“记住：是你决定什么出现在你的屏幕上”直接呼应了“筛选、关注、取消关注”这一系列行为背后的核心理念——用户拥有控制权。 语言风格：F项使用了“Remember: you are the one…”这样的提醒句式，符合说明文结尾句常见的总结或强调口吻。故答案选F。 20．段落主旨：本段建议安排“无屏幕时段”，如吃饭、做作业、起床后第一个小时。 逻辑衔接：前一句说明了哪些时段应设为无屏幕区域，接下来需要解释这样做的好处。E项“这些休息时间让你的大脑得到休息和重置”直接说明了无屏幕时段的作用。 关键词对应：E项中的“These breaks”指代前文的“phone-free periods”，而“rest and reset”与后文的“more focused and calm”形成逻辑上的因果链。 故答案选E。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）How to Build Strong Friendships Friendship is one of life’s greatest joys. However, building and maintaining strong friendships takes effort and understanding. Here are some tips to help you develop meaningful connections. First, be a good listener. When your friend is talking, give them your full attention. 1 Show that you care about their feelings and experiences. Second, be honest and trustworthy. Keep your promises and don’t share their secrets with others. 2 Trust is the foundation of any strong relationship. Third, support your friends in good times and bad. Celebrate their successes and offer comfort when they face challenges. 3 Your presence can make a big difference. Fourth, learn to forgive. No one is perfect, and misunderstandings can happen. 4 Letting go of small disagreements can strengthen your bond. Finally, spend quality time together. Whether it’s studying, exercising, or just chatting, shared experiences create lasting memories. 5 Remember, true friendship is not about quantity but quality. A．Avoid judging them quickly. B．Instead, focus on having fun together. C．This will show that you are a reliable person. D．Sometimes just being there is enough. E．Try to see things from their point of view. F．Apologize when you are wrong and accept their apologies too. G．Don’t let busy schedules prevent you from staying connected. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了建立和维持牢固友谊的几点建议，包括做好听众、诚实守信、支持朋友、学会原谅和共度美好时光。 1．根据上文“When your friend is talking, give them your full attention.(当朋友说话时，给予全神贯注的倾听)”可知，此处需补充倾听后的共情行为。选项E“Try to see things from their point of view.(尝试从对方视角理解问题)”与“关心对方感受和经历”形成逻辑呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 2．根据上文“Keep your promises and don’t share their secrets with others.(遵守你的承诺，不要把他们秘密告诉别人)”可知，上文列举了诚实守信的具体行为。下文“Trust is the foundation of any strong relationship.(信任是任何牢固关系的基础。)”强调了信任的重要性。这中间需要一个句子来说明上文行为所带来的结果。C项“This will show that you are a reliable person.(这会表明你是一个可靠的人)”承上启下，说明这些行为能证明你的可靠性，从而建立信任，符合语境，故选C项。 3．根据上文“Support your friends in good times and bad. Celebrate their successes and offer comfort when they face challenges.(无论顺境还是逆境都要支持你的朋友。庆祝他们的成功，在他们面临挑战时给予安慰)”可知，上文建议在朋友不同时刻给予支持。下文“Your presence can make a big difference.(你的陪伴能带来很大不同)”强调了陪伴的重要性。这中间需要一个句子进一步说明陪伴的意义。D项“Sometimes just being there is enough.(有时候仅仅在那里就足够了)”具体阐述了支持的一种形式，即陪伴本身就有价值，与上下文逻辑一致，故选D项。 4．根据上文“No one is perfect, and misunderstandings can happen.(没有人是完美的，误解可能发生)”可知，上文指出了需要原谅的原因。下文“Letting go of small disagreements can strengthen your bond.(放下小分歧可以加强你们的联系)”说明了原谅的结果。这中间需要一个句子说明如何实践原谅。F项“Apologize when you are wrong and accept their apologies too.(当你错了就道歉，也接受他们的道歉)”具体阐述了原谅的双方行为，与上下文衔接自然，符合语境，故选F项。 5．根据上文“Spend quality time together. Whether it’s studying, exercising, or just chatting, shared experiences create lasting memories.(共度美好时光。无论是学习、运动还是聊天，共同的经历会创造持久的回忆)”可知，上文强调了共度时光的重要性。下文“Remember, true friendship is not about quantity but quality.(记住，真正的友谊不在于数量而在于质量)”提醒要注重质量而非数量。这中间需要一个句子说明如何克服障碍来保持联系。G项“Don’t let busy schedules prevent you from staying connected.(不要让忙碌的日程阻碍你保持联系)”是对上文建议的补充说明，告诉读者要主动克服困难，与下文对质量的强调也形成逻辑关系，符合语境，故选G项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）How to Work with Different Cultures Working effectively with different cultures is a necessary skill for anyone in a culturally diverse work environment. Cultural variations in the workplace may range from simple regional differences, such as varying dialects (方言), to different viewpoints on timeliness, efficiency, and communication. 6 Be aware of your words and actions. What seems proper to you may not be a cultural standard to another person. 7 Is what you’re about to say possibly rude? If so, figure out a way to express it differently. Before you give someone at work a high five or a pat on the back, take a moment to consider your actions. Based on what you know about that culture, is touching in the workplace proper? Practise patience. It may take a while for you to get used to working with people from different cultures. Don’t worry, that’s normal. Try not to get angry if communication takes a little extra effort at first. For example, maybe you are now working with someone whose first language is not your mother tongue. In this case, they might not understand your point. 8 Try saying, “OK, I can see I’m not making myself clear. How can I help us get on the same page?” Look at issues from a different angle (角度). Don’t assume that you are all looking at the issue from the same angle. It’s possible that you might think you’re working with the same goals in mind, but others may have different ideas about how to achieve them. 9 Looking at an issue from another point of view can help you find solutions that you might not have considered. 10 But if you put yourself in the right frame of mind, you will likely find it a rewarding experience despite some challenges. A．An important way is trying to be humorous. B．A good rule is to consider your words before you speak. C．Learning to communicate better helps you work with people. D．There are suggestions for you to work with different cultures. E．Once someone explains their viewpoint, take some time to reflect. F．Instead of getting impatient, try to treat it as a learning experience. G．If you’ve never worked with different cultures before, it can be difficult. 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．F 9．E 10．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何在多元文化的工作环境中与不同文化背景的人有效合作。 6．上文“Cultural variations in the workplace may range from simple regional differences, such as varying dialects, to different viewpoints on timeliness, efficiency, and communication.(工作场所的文化差异可能从简单的地区差异，如不同的方言，到对准时、效率和沟通的不同观点)”描述了工作场所中文化差异的多样性，下文则给出了具体的建议来应对这些文化差异。因此，空白处需要一个过渡句来引出下文的建议。选项D“There are suggestions for you to work with different cultures.(有一些建议可以帮助你与不同文化背景的人合作)”符合语境。故选D。 7．上文“Be aware of your words and actions. What seems proper to you may not be a cultural standard to another person.(注意你的言行。对你来说合适的事情可能对另一个人来说不是文化标准)”强调了要注意自己的言行举止，因为不同文化背景下的人对同一行为的看法可能不同；下文“Is what you’re about to say possibly rude? If so, figure out a way to express it differently.(你要说的话有可能粗鲁吗？如果是这样，想出另一种表达方式)”进一步强调了说话前要考虑清楚，避免冒犯他人，空处强调说话前要考虑清楚。选项B“A good rule is to consider your words before you speak.(一个好的规则是在说话前要考虑你的话)”符合语境。故选B。 8．上文“For example, maybe you are now working with someone whose first language is not your mother tongue. In this case, they might not understand your point.(例如，也许你现在和一个第一语言不是你母语的人一起工作。在这种情况下，他们可能不明白你的意思)”描述了与母语不同的人合作时可能遇到的沟通障碍，下文“Try saying, “OK, I can see I’m not making myself clear. How can I help us get on the same page?”(试着说，“好吧，我看我没说清楚。我怎样才能帮助我们达成共识呢？”)”给出了一个应对沟通障碍的建议，即保持耐心并尝试以不同的方式表达。空处强调保持耐心的重要性。选项F“Instead of getting impatient, try to treat it as a learning experience.(与其变得不耐烦，不如试着把它当作一次学习经历)”符合语境。故选F。 9．上文“Don’t assume that you are all looking at the issue from the same angle. It’s possible that you might think you’re working with the same goals in mind, but others may have different ideas about how to achieve them.(不要认为你们都是从同一个角度看问题。有可能你认为你们心中有着相同的目标，但其他人可能对如何实现这些目标有不同的想法)”强调了要理解不同文化背景下的人可能有不同的观点和解决问题的方法，下文“Looking at an issue from another point of view can help you find solutions that you might not have considered.(从另一个角度看问题可以帮助你找到你可能没有考虑过的解决方案)”进一步强调了从不同角度看问题的重要性。空处强调在理解他人观点后要进行反思。选项E“Once someone explains their viewpoint, take some time to reflect.(一旦有人解释了他们的观点，花点时间反思一下)”符合语境。故选E。 10．下文“But if you put yourself in the right frame of mind, you will likely find it a rewarding experience despite some challenges.(但是如果你把自己放在正确的心态上，你可能会发现尽管有一些挑战，但这仍然是一次有价值的经历)”强调了尽管与不同文化背景的人合作可能面临挑战，但保持正确的心态可以使其成为一次有价值的经历。空处强调与不同文化背景的人合作的难度。选项G“If you’ve never worked with different cultures before, it can be difficult.(如果你以前从未与不同文化背景的人合作过，这可能会很困难)”符合语境。故选G。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·四川成都·期末）Friendship is an important part of our lives. 11 . However, building and maintaining friendships takes effort and understanding. Build Friendships Building friendships is a lifelong job. 12 . One effective way is by joining clubs or volunteer organizations, since these activities naturally place you among people with shared interests and provide common ground for meaningful conversations. 13 There are many things you can do to keep friendships strong forever. These include staying connected through regular communication, offering genuine support during tough times, and celebrating each other’s successes. Honesty and reliability build deep trust, while shared experiences create joyful memories. Mutual care and consistent effort make these bonds enduring and deeply rewarding. Face Friendship Changes Life affects friendships. As we grow, marry, move across the country, or change jobs, old friendships transform and new ones bloom. 14 . All you can do is treat them well and do the best for them when you are with them. Let Go of Toxic (有毒的) Friendships 15 . Relationships that often involve constant negativity, disrespect, or one-sided effort, waste your energy and time. In this case, you’d better choose to step away. Although it’s challenging, this decision will effectively help you reduce stress and create space for healthier, mutually beneficial relationships that offer genuine support and happiness. A．Be a Good Listener B．Maintain Friendships C．Friendships are not always as good as we think D．You should always offer advice to your friends E．It can bring us joy, support, and a sense of belonging F．Though it’s hard at first, keep trying because trust takes time to develop G．As long as we live, the things around us change, and friendships are affected 【答案】11．E 12．F 13．B 14．G 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何维持友谊提出了一些建议。 11．根据上文“Friendship is an important part of our lives. (友谊是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。)”可知，上文说明了友谊的重要性，本句承接上文，说明友谊的作用，E选项中It指代Friendship。故E选项“它能给我们带来快乐、支持和归属感”符合语境，故选E。 12．根据上文“Building friendships is a lifelong job. (建立友谊是一项终身的任务。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明建立友谊的具体过程。故F选项“虽然一开始会很困难，但要继续努力，因为信任需要时间来建立”符合语境，故选F。 13．根据本段内容“There are many things you can do to keep friendships strong forever. These include staying connected through regular communication, offering genuine support during tough times, and celebrating each other’s successes. Honesty and reliability build deep trust, while shared experiences create joyful memories. Mutual care and consistent effort make these bonds enduring and deeply rewarding. (有许多方法可以让你的友谊永远保持牢固。这些方法包括通过定期交流保持联系、在困难时期给予真诚的支持，以及共同庆祝彼此的成功。诚实和可靠能建立起深厚的信任，而共同的经历则会留下欢乐的回忆。相互关心和持续的努力会让这些关系变得持久且极具价值)”可知，本段主要给出了定期维护友谊的建议，故B选项“维护友谊”符合语境，故选B。 14．根据上文“Life affects friendships. As we grow, marry, move across the country, or change jobs, old friendships transform and new ones bloom. (生活会影响友谊。随着我们长大、结婚、迁移至新的地区或者更换工作，旧的友谊会发生变化，而新的友谊则会逐渐形成。)”可知，上文提到新友谊逐渐形成，即产生新的变化。故G选项“只要我们活着，我们周围的事物就会发生变化，友谊也会受到影响”符合语境，故选G。 15．根据后文“Relationships that often involve constant negativity, disrespect, or one-sided effort, waste your energy and time. In this case, you’d better choose to step away. (那些常常充满持续的负面情绪、不尊重他人或者单方面付出努力的关系，会浪费你的精力和时间。在这种情况下，你最好选择离开。)”可知，后文提到了消极关系会浪费精力和时间，可知本句主要指出友谊并不都是好的。故C选项“友谊并不总是如我们所想的那样美好”符合语境，故选C。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·甘肃临夏·期末）The climate is changing, and the human race is finding that we must rethink many of the habits that we’ve taken for granted for generations. Fortunately, “living green” can be an economical decision as well as an ecological decision. You don’t have to make huge changes all at once. 1 Every small step helps protect the environment.· 2 Using less electricity is easy and can save money too! Turn off lights when you leave a room. Unplug devices like chargers and appliances when you’re not using them. Instead of turning on the air conditioner, open the windows to let fresh air and sunlight in. These small habits can make a big difference in reducing energy use. ·Use Less Water. 3 Don’t let the tap run while brushing your teeth or washing dishes. Take shorter showers and only flush the toilet when necessary. You can also collect rainwater to water your plants. Simple actions like these help conserve water and protect our natural resources. ·Choose Greener Transportation. Cars use a lot of fuel and create pollution. Walking, biking, or taking the bus are better for the environment. If you must own your own vehicle, then explore the possibility of hybrid-electric cars that allow you to burn less. Using ride-sharing services is another great choice. 4 ·Use Paper Less. The Internet makes it easy to reduce paper use. Pay your bills online and ask for digital receipts instead of paper ones. 5 Switch to digital newspapers and magazines to avoid paper waste, Using less paper is a simple way to live greener and help the planet. A．Save Electricity. B．Live a Low-carbon Life. C．Water is precious, so use it wisely. D．You don’t have to think about the benefits of living green. E．Use email and social media to stay in touch with friends and family. F．These choices are not only eco-friendly but also can save you money. G．Just start by being mindful of the things you use and the waste you create. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些 “绿色生活” 的方法，这些方法既能节约开支，又有利于生态环境，并且强调不必一次性做出巨大改变，从小处着手也能为保护环境贡献力量。 【详解】1．上文“You don’t have to make huge changes all at once. (你不必一次性做出巨大的改变)”说明践行绿色生活不需要一下子有大变动，空处承接上文，应说明具体从何做起，G选项“只需从留意你使用的东西和你产生的废物开始”指出了从小处着手的具体做法，与下文“Every small step helps protect the environment. (每一小步都有助于保护环境)”也能呼应。故选G。 2．下文“Using less electricity is easy and can save money too! (减少用电很容易，还能省钱！)”以及列举的关灯、拔掉不用的设备插头等行为，都围绕节约用电展开，A选项“节约用电”能概括该段内容，适合作本段的主旨句。故选A。 3．本段的主题是“Use Less Water. (节约用水)”，引出节约用水的话题，空处应进一步强调水的重要性以及如何用水，C选项“水是宝贵的，所以要明智地使用它”符合语境，既点明了水的珍贵，与下文“Don’t let the tap run while brushing your teeth or washing dishes. Take shorter showers and only flush the toilet when necessary. (刷牙或洗碗时不要让水龙头一直开着。淋浴时间要短一些，只有必要时才冲马桶)”相照应，具体的节水行为。故选C。 4．上文“Walking, biking, or taking the bus are better for the environment. If you must own your own vehicle, then explore the possibility of hybrid-electric cars that allow you to burn less. Using ride-sharing services is another great choice. (步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共汽车对环境更有益。如果你必须拥有自己的车辆，那么可以考虑混合动力汽车，这类车能减少燃油消耗。使用拼车服务也是一个不错的选择)”说明了这些都是更环保的交通方式，空处应总结这些选择的好处，F选项“这些选择不仅环保，还能为你省钱”符合语境。故选F。 5．上文“Pay your bills online and ask for digital receipts instead of paper ones. (在线支付账单，索要电子收据而不是纸质收据)”，都是减少用纸的具体做法，空处应继续列举相关做法，E选项“使用电子邮件和社交媒体与朋友和家人保持联系”符合语境，通过电子方式联系可以减少信纸等纸张的使用，属于减少用纸的行为，同时照应下文“Switch to digital newspapers and magazines to avoid paper waste, Using less paper is a simple way to live greener and help the planet (改用电子报纸和杂志，以避免纸张浪费。减少用纸是一种简单的绿色生活方式，有助于保护地球)”，照应减少用纸的主题。故选E。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. 6 Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal. People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. 7 It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 8 Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. 9 In fact, the reality about great white sharks is quite different from what Jaws showed. Great white sharks are an important part of the ocean ecosystem. 10 They help keep the balance of marine life by preying on sick or weak animals. However, due to human activities like over - fishing and the negative impact of films like Jaws, their numbers have decreased significantly in recent years. A．People just wanted them killed. B．Here’s how the film influenced people’s views. C．These days, more efforts are being made to protect them. D．It presents a terrifying image of great white sharks. E．Their role in the ocean is often misunderstood by the public. F．The film’s effect on public perception was far - reaching. G．Other people started fishing for sharks out of fear. 【答案】6．D 7．F 8．G 9．A 10．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是《大白鲨》这部电影强化了人们对大白鲨的恐惧，导致大量捕杀，但现实中大白鲨对海洋生态至关重要，需要人们进行保护。 6．根据空前“This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.(这是 1975 年电影《大白鲨》的开场片段，展现了鲨鱼的攻击场景。该片讲述了一条大白鲨袭击并杀害游泳者的故事。)”可知此处对电影《大白鲨》进行了简单介绍，D项“It presents a terrifying image of great white sharks.(它呈现出了巨大白鲨的可怕景象。)”承接上文，对电影《大白鲨》进行了进一步的介绍，选项中的It指代Jaws，动词presents与上文的tells形式一致，符合上下文语境，故选D项。 7．根据空前“People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. (人们一直以来都对鲨鱼心怀恐惧，但《大白鲨》这部电影更是让这种恐惧加剧了。)”可知《大白鲨》这部电影让人们一直以来对鲨鱼的恐惧加剧了，根据空后“It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark.(这使得人们对鲨鱼产生了恐惧，尤其是对巨大的白鲨更是如此。)”可知电影《大白鲨》让人们尤其对大白鲨产生了恐惧，空处承上启下，F项“The film’s effect on public perception was far - reaching.(这部电影对公众观念的影响是深远的。)”指出《大白鲨》对公众的认知影响是深远的，承接上文，引出下文，空后的It指代选项中的The film，符合上下文语境，故选F项。 8．根据空前“Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.(许多看过这部电影的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。有些人因为害怕电影中可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。)”可知电影《大白鲨》让人们对鲨鱼有了错误的认识和相对应的错误行为，根据空后“Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could.(其他人则开始捕杀鲨鱼，尽可能多地将它们捕杀。)”可知此处指出因为对鲨鱼的错误认识人们开始对鲨鱼进行大规模捕杀，G项“Other people started fishing for sharks out of fear.(其他人开始捕杀鲨鱼，主要是出于恐惧心理。)”指出人们捕杀鲨鱼的主要原因是出于恐惧，承接上文，引出下文，选项中的Others与上文的Some people以及空后的Other people相互照应，符合上下文语境，故选G项。 9．根据空前“At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed.(当时，没有人关心鲨鱼是否被捕杀，也不关心被捕杀的数量是多少。)”可知人们并不关心鲨鱼是否被捕杀，也不关心被捕杀的数量是多少，A项“People just wanted them killed.(人们只是希望它们被杀死。)”承接上文，选项中的them指代上文的sharks，killed与上文的killed为高频词复现，符合上下文语境，故选A项。 10．根据空前“Great white sharks are an important part of the ocean ecosystem.(大白鲨是海洋生态系统中重要的一环。)”可知大白鲨在海洋生态系统中是非常重要的，根据空后“They help keep the balance of marine life by preying on sick or weak animals.(它们通过捕食患病或体弱的动物来维持海洋生物的生态平衡。)”可知大白鲨在维持海洋生态平衡方面起着重要作用，E项“Their role in the ocean is often misunderstood by the public.(公众往往对它们在海洋中的作用存在误解。)”指出公众对于大白鲨在海洋中的作用往往存在误解，承上启下，选项中的Their指代上文的Great white sharks’，role in the ocean与上文的part of the ocean ecosystem相照应，符合上下文语境，故选E项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·江西宜春·期末）Plastic pollution is a serious problem, and it’s getting worse. Plastic can stay for a long time. Scientists are trying to create plastic that breaks down quickly, but the best way for now is to use less plastic. 11        Stop using plastic bags. Instead, take your own reusable shopping bag to the store. Every year, people use tons of plastic bags worldwide. Some countries try to stop using plastic bags. 12         Say no to the straw (吸管). A study showed that around 8.3 billion plastic straws cover the world’s beaches. So when you order a drink, say no to the straw, or bring your own reusable one. 13 Carry a reusable water bottle with you. Around the world, nearly a million plastic bottles are thrown away every minute. The problem is so bad that in some countries, stores aren’t allowed to sell bottled water any more. Avoid plastic packaging. 14 It’s almost everywhere. But there is something you can do, too:avoid fruit or vegetables packed in plastic. Recycle what you can. You can’t recycle all plastic things. 15 For example, you can recycle bottles and milk or juice bags. In some countries, machines take the bottles and give a little money back for each bottle. A．They are fresh. B．Don’t buy bottled water. C．Bottled water is expensive. D．But it is possible to start small. E．Here are five tips that can help you. F．Other countries make customers pay for them. G．Most things you buy come in plastic packaging. 【答案】11．E 12．F 13．B 14．G 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕塑料污染问题，提出减少塑料使用的五条实用建议，包括停止使用塑料袋、拒绝塑料吸管、不购买瓶装水、避免塑料包装以及回收可回收塑料，旨在通过日常行动降低塑料对环境的危害。 11．由上文“Plastic pollution is a serious problem, and it’s getting worse. Plastic can stay for a long time. Scientists are trying to create plastic that breaks down quickly, but the best way for now is to use less plastic.(塑料污染是一个严重的问题，而且越来越严重。塑料可以停留很长时间。科学家们正试图制造出能够快速分解的塑料，但目前最好的方法是减少塑料的使用)”及下文列举的减少塑料使用的具体方法可知，此处需要引出这些方法。E项Here are five tips that can help you.(这里有五个小贴士可以帮助你) 中“Here are five tips”承接上文“use less plastic”，引出下文关于减少塑料使用的具体建议，起到总起作用，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 12．由上文“Some countries try to stop using plastic bags.(一些国家试图停止使用塑料袋)”可知，此处需要说明其他国家的做法。F项Other countries make customers pay for them.(其他国家让顾客为塑料袋付费)中“Other countries”与上文“Some countries”呼应，“make customers pay for them”补充了不同国家应对塑料袋问题的措施，形成并列关系，衔接自然。故选F项。 13．由下文“Carry a reusable water bottle with you. Around the world, nearly a million plastic bottles are thrown away every minute.(随身携带可重复使用的水瓶。在全球范围内，每分钟有近一百万只塑料瓶被丢弃)”可知，此处需要提出“不买瓶装水”的建议。B项Don’t buy bottled water.(不要买瓶装水)中“Don’t buy bottled water”统领下文关于塑料瓶问题及携带可重复使用的水杯的内容，作为段落主题句，明确该部分聚焦减少塑料瓶使用，结构清晰。故选B项。 14．由上文“Avoid plastic packaging.(避免塑料包装)”及下文“It’s almost everywhere.(它几乎无处不在)”可知，此处需要说明塑料包装的普遍性。G项Most things you buy come in plastic packaging.(你买的大多数东西都有塑料包装)解释了为什么要“avoid plastic packaging”，与下文“It’s almost everywhere”呼应，强调塑料包装的常见性，逻辑合理。故选G项。 15．由上文“You can’t recycle all plastic things.(你不能回收所有的塑料制品)”及下文“For example, you can recycle bottles and milk or juice bags.(例如，你可以回收瓶子和牛奶或果汁袋)”可知，此处需要说明虽然不能回收所有塑料，但仍有可回收的。D项But it is possible to start small.(但从小处着手是可能的) 中But表转折，“start small”与下文“recycle bottles and milk or juice bags”等具体例子呼应，说明回收塑料可以从点滴做起，衔接紧密。故选D项。 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末）We all have strengths and weaknesses — that’s completely normal. In fact, recognizing both helps us understand ourselves better. Understanding our strengths can help boost our self-confidence. 21 . In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal Strengths”. List all the characteristics you are proud of. Are you patient? Hardworking? Honest? It’s important to acknowledge and appreciate your own strengths. On a separate sheet of paper, write down the heading “Good Deeds”. Think about all the kind things you have done for others. It could be helping a classmate with their studies, offering your seat to someone on the bus, or simply smiling at a stranger. 22 . You can also ask a friend or family member to help you with this exercise. 23 . Views from others can sometimes reveal your admirable actions. Furthermore, consider discussing any areas where you feel you could improve, as constructive feedback can be invaluable in personal development. Of course, we all have times when we feel weak and make mistakes. 24 . Try to see them as chances to grow and improve. Accept your mistakes, learn from them, and then keep moving forward. Appreciate each experience, both good and bad, as they shape you into a wiser and more resilient (坚韧的) individual. 25 . It requires time, patience, and a willingness to learn and adapt. In this journey, we can unlock our true potential and grow with a positive mindset and a clearer understanding of who we are. A．To do this, you can try a simple writing exercise. B．This process will stop you from achieving more. C．Sometimes, being kind might become your weaknesses. D．They might help you understand your personality better. E．But keep in mind that they are a natural part of learning. F．Note down even the smallest acts of kindness as they truly matter. G．Remember, understanding ourselves better is an ongoing process. 【答案】21．A 22．F 23．D 24．E 25．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕如何更好地认识自我展开，指出认识自身的优缺点是正常且有必要的，介绍了罗列个人优点、记录善举、借助他人反馈等了解自身优势的方法。 21．上文“Understanding our strengths can help boost our self-confidence. (了解自身的优点有助于增强自信心。)”点明了了解自身优点的作用，下文“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal Strengths”. List all the characteristics you are proud of. (在日记本或纸上写下标题“个人优点”，列出所有你为之自豪的特质。)”介绍了一种具体的梳理个人优点的书写方法。A项“要做到这一点，你可以尝试一个简单的书写练习”承接上文了解自身优点的话题，引出下文具体的书写练习方法，让上下文形成行为与具体做法的衔接，符合语境。故选A。 22．上文“Think about all the kind things you have done for others. It could be helping a classmate with their studies, offering your seat to someone on the bus, or simply smiling at a stranger. (想想你为他人做过的所有善事，可能是帮同学补习功课、在公交车上让座，也可能只是对陌生人微笑。)”提及要回想自己做过的各类善事，还举例说明善举不分大小。F项“即使是最微小的善举也要记录下来，因为它们确实意义重大”承接上文对善举的回想，进一步强调要记录善举，且突出微小善举的价值，契合本段“记录善举”的核心内容，逻辑连贯。故选F。 23．上文“You can also ask a friend or family member to help you with this exercise. (你也可以请朋友或家人帮你完成这个练习。)”提出可以借助他人的帮助完成梳理优点、记录善举的练习，下文“Views from others can sometimes reveal your admirable actions. (他人的看法有时能发现你身上令人称赞的行为。)”说明他人视角的作用。D项“他们或许能帮你更好地了解自己的性格”承接上文请他人帮忙的做法，说明他人帮忙的具体作用，同时为下文他人视角的价值做铺垫，符合语境。故选D。 24．上文“Of course, we all have times when we feel weak and make mistakes. (当然，我们都会有感到软弱和犯错的时候。)”指出人都会有不足和犯错的情况，下文“Try to see them as chances to grow and improve. (试着把它们看作成长和进步的机会。)”建议将这些情况视为成长机会。E项“但要记住，这些都是学习过程中自然的一部分”通过“但”转折，对上文的不足和错误做出客观评价，让读者正视这类情况，自然引出下文将其视为成长机会的建议，逻辑通顺。故选E。 25．下文“It requires time, patience, and a willingness to learn and adapt. In this journey, we can unlock our true potential and grow with a positive mindset and a clearer understanding of who we are. (这需要时间、耐心，以及学习和适应的意愿。在这个过程中，我们能发掘自己真正的潜力，以积极的心态成长，更清晰地认识自我。)”指出某件事需要的条件以及带来的收获，且用“旅程”“过程”体现其持续性。G项“记住，更好地认识自我是一个持续的过程”作为本段主旨句，精准概括了下文的核心内容，其中“持续的过程”与下文的“时间、耐心”“旅程”相呼应，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·新疆伊犁·期末）Urban community gardens have appeared as a popular way to transform empty lots into lively green spaces. These gardens not only beautify neighborhoods but also develop a sense of community among residents. Yet creating a successful garden requires careful planning and cooperation. First, identifying a suitable location is critical. The site should receive adequate sunlight and have access to water, ideally near public transportation for easy access. 26 Therefore, consulting local residents about potential spots can ensure the garden serves the community’s needs. 27 Include people with gardening experience, architects, and even local children to gather varied angles. Such a diverse group can also help in spreading awareness about the project. This group will be responsible for drafting a budget and securing funding from local businesses or companies. Designing the garden layout comes next. Plans should include paths, planting beds, and seating areas, considering the needs of all users. 28 For example, raised beds can accommodate elderly gardeners, while a small play area might attract families. Organizing volunteer events is key to maintaining the garden. Scheduling regular planting days and maintenance workshops encourages turnout. 29 Providing training for beginners and assigning tasks based on skills can make volunteering more enjoyable. Finally, establishing rules for garden use helps ensure its sustainability. Clearly defining responsibilities for watering, weeding, and harvesting prevents conflicts. Residents should also agree on how to share the produce from community gardens. 30 With proper planning and community involvement, a city garden can become a living space that enriches both the environment and the lives of those who tend it. A．Forming a planning committee with diverse members is also essential. B．Maps of potential locations should be displayed at community meetings. C．By involving residents in creating these guidelines, responsibility is shared. D．Offering small rewards like free seedlings can increase volunteer participation. E．Local nurseries often donate plants once they learn about the community purpose. F．However, many neighborhoods struggle to find spaces that meet these requirements. G．These layouts must balance practicality with the decorative goals of the community. 【答案】26．F 27．A 28．G 29．D 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在城市社区成功建设花园的步骤和要点，包括选址、组建规划委员会、设计布局、组织志愿者活动以及制定使用规则等。 26．根据上文“The site should receive adequate sunlight and have access to water, ideally near public transportation for easy access.(选址应保证充足的阳光和水源，最好靠近公共交通以便到达。)”以及下文“Therefore, consulting local residents about potential spots can ensure the garden serves the community’s needs.(因此，咨询当地居民关于潜在的选址可以确保花园满足社区需求。)”可知，F项“However, many neighborhoods struggle to find spaces that meet these requirements.(然而，许多社区很难找到符合这些要求的地点。)”承上启下，强调了理想条件的选址在实际中往往难以实现，从而引出需要咨询居民以寻找替代方案的逻辑。故选F项。 27．根据下文“Include people with gardening experience, architects, and even local children to gather varied angles. Such a diverse group can also help in spreading awareness about the project.(应包含有园艺经验的人、建筑师甚至当地儿童，以收集多样化的视角。这样多元化的团队也有助于提高项目的知名度。)”可知，本段主要内容是组建一个包含多样化成员的团队，这与A项“Forming a planning committee with diverse members is also essential.(组建一个成员多元化的规划委员会也至关重要。)”表达的含义一致，且“also”与上一段（选址）构成并列步骤。故选A项。 28．根据上文“Designing the garden layout comes next. Plans should include paths, planting beds, and seating areas, considering the needs of all users.(下一步是设计花园布局。计划应包括路径、种植床和座位区，并考虑到所有使用者的需求。)”以及下文“For example, raised beds can accommodate elderly gardeners, while a small play area might attract families.(例如，抬高的种植床可以方便年长的园丁，而一个小型游乐区可能会吸引家庭。)”可知，中间句应承上启下，既说明布局设计的核心原则（连接上文的“需求”），又能自然引出下文的“举例”。G项“These layouts must balance practicality with the decorative goals of the community.(这些布局必须在实用性与社区的装饰性目标之间取得平衡。)”准确地总结了布局设计的双重目标，并与下文的实用性例子相呼应。故选G项。 29．根据上文“Scheduling regular planting days and maintenance workshops encourages turnout.(安排定期的种植日和维护工作坊可以鼓励人们参与。)”可知，本段主题是鼓励和维持志愿者的参与。D项“Offering small rewards like free seedlings can increase volunteer participation.(提供免费幼苗等小奖励可以增加志愿者的参与度。)”是鼓励志愿者参与的一种具体方法，与前文“鼓励参与”的逻辑一致，是合理的延续。故选D项。 30．根据上文“Residents should also agree on how to share the produce from community gardens.(居民还应就如何分享社区花园的产出达成一致。)”可知，本段主题是制定并遵守花园的使用和产出分配规则。C项“By involving residents in creating these guidelines, responsibility is shared.(通过让居民参与制定这些准则，责任得以分担。)”既总结了让居民参与制定规则的好处（分担责任），也是对上文“达成一致”这一行动目的的深化，符合段落结尾的总结性功能。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽宣城·期末）High school life is a dynamic journey filled with academic challenges and personal growth opportunities. 31 . Below are proven methods to help you strike a balance. ◆Prioritize tasks and build a structured routine Creating a clear daily routine is the cornerstone of effective time management. 32 . Then, categorize them into “urgent”, “important”, and “optional”. For example, if you have a chemistry lab report due tomorrow, mark it as urgent and prioritize it over optional tasks like browsing social media. ◆Avoid overcommitment and learn to decline Many students overcommit themselves, thinking they can handle everything. 33 . More often than not, we are supposed to balance extracurricular and academic responsibilities. For instance, if you’re already captain of the debate team and volunteering at the animal shelter, consider declining an invitation to join the school newspaper. 34 . ◆ 35 Setting short-term and long-term goals can keep you motivated and focused. Break down large projects into smaller milestones. If you’re preparing for the final exam, for example, set weekly goals such as completing a practice test, reviewing vocabulary lists, or attending a tutoring session. This makes it easier for you to better check your progress and help you stay on track. A．Divide goals into achievable steps B．Seek feedback from teachers and peers C．Participating actively in class discussions really counts D．To thrive in both areas, students need strategic approaches E．However, this often leads to burnout and poor performance F．Learning to say “no” gracefully is a skill that will serve you well in college and beyond G．Start by listing all your tasks, including classes, homework, and extracurricular activities 【答案】31．D 32．G 33．E 34．F 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何平衡高中生活中的学业挑战和个人成长机会的方法。 31．根据上文“High school life is a dynamic journey filled with academic challenges and personal growth opportunities.(高中生活是一段充满活力的旅程，其中既有学术上的挑战，也有个人成长的机遇。)”和下文“Below are proven methods to help you strike a balance.(以下是一些已被证实有效的方法，可帮助您达到平衡状态。)”可知，空处应该表明学生如果想要两者兼顾，需要有一些方法，故选项D. To thrive in both areas, students need strategic approaches(要在这两个方面都取得成功，学生们就需要采取有策略的方法)中的both areas指代上文中的academic challenges and personal growth opportunities，下文中的methods与选项D中的approaches相呼应，故选项D承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 32．根据上文“Creating a clear daily routine is the cornerstone of effective time management.(制定一个清晰的每日计划是有效管理时间的基础。)”和下文“Then, categorize them into “urgent”, “important”, and “optional”.(然后，将它们分类为“紧急”、“重要”和“可选”类别。)”可知，空处应该说明制定每日计划的第一步；选项G. Start by listing all your tasks, including classes, homework, and extracurricular activities(首先列出你所有的任务，包括课程、作业以及课外活动)具体说明了制定清晰的每日计划的开始步骤，承上启下，语意连贯。故选G。 33．根据上文“Many students overcommit themselves, thinking they can handle everything.(许多学生过度承诺自己，认为自己可以处理所有事情。)”和下文“More often than not, we are supposed to balance extracurricular and academic responsibilities.(通常情况下，我们应该在课外活动和学业任务之间找到平衡。)”可知，空处应为转折句，指出过度承诺自己，认为自己可以处理所有事情的危害；选项E. However, this often leads to burnout and poor performance(然而，这往往会导致身心疲惫以及工作表现不佳)明确指出了这样做所导致的负面结果，引出了下文我们应该做的正确方式，语意衔接合理。故选E。 34．根据第三段主题句“Avoid overcommitment and learn to decline(避免过度承诺，并学会拒绝。)”上文“For instance, if you’re already captain of the debate team and volunteering at the animal shelter, consider declining an invitation to join the school newspaper.(例如，如果你已经是辩论队的队长，并且还在动物收容所做志愿者，那么就考虑拒绝加入校报的邀请吧。)”可知，空处为第三段结尾句，故应该总结说明要学会拒绝；选项F. Learning to say “no” gracefully is a skill that will serve you well in college and beyond(学会优雅地说“不”是一种技能，它会在你的大学生活乃至今后的岁月里为你带来诸多益处。)清晰指出了学会拒绝的好处，与段落主题相呼应。故选F。 35．空处为第四段段落主题句，参考第二、三段可知，应用祈使句；根据该段“Setting short-term and long-term goals can keep you motivated and focused. Break down large projects into smaller milestones. (设定短期和长期目标能够让你保持动力并集中精力。将大型项目分解为较小的阶段性目标。)”可知，该段主要说明要设定短期和长期目标，并将目标划分为阶段性的小目标，这样有助于更好地实现；故选项A. Divide goals into achievable steps(将目标分解为可实现的步骤)总结了该段大意，符合段落主题。故选A。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）School days mean homework, studying, exams, and social interactions — not to mention getting up early every morning. It’s understandable if you don’t always feel your happiest going to school during the week. 36 The following tips can help you feel happier on school days. Focus on the good things about school. 37 Think about the bigger picture and how your education will have a positive impact on your life in the long run. If you’ re having a bad day, tell yourself that you only have to be in school for a relatively short period of your life. After that, the sky is the limit! 38 Making other people smile can improve your own happiness. Give another student some positive encouragement. Or, thank a teacher for a fun activity or an interesting lesson. If you see someone else that looks like they might be feeling down, tell them you like their hair style or praise the work they have done. Try not to take negativity from others too hard. 39 Try to remember that nobody is perfect and think about what might be going on in their lives that makes them act negatively towards you. Try your best to sweep away a dirty look or a bad comment and move on without getting angry and upset. Reward yourself. Once you get that big A on your exam or work, don’t forget to go out and celebrate! It’s always great to reward yourself when you do something good especially when it will benefit your future in so many ways! Always believe that you can and you will go a long way! No one can change your future other than you. 40 A．Smile more often. B．Do something nice for someone. C．But it’s also something you can totally improve! D．If someone isn’t nice to you at school, it’s probably not your fault. E．Do the best of what you have, and try to have some fun along the way. F．A little positive thinking can go a long way towards improving your mood. G．Whether in school or at home, you look for ways to make learning more enjoyable. 【答案】36．C 37．F 38．B 39．D 40．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些技巧和建议，帮助学生在上学的日子里感到更快乐，强调通过积极的心态和行动可以改善校园生活体验。 36．根据空前句子“It’s understandable if you don’t always feel your happiest going to school during the week.(如果你在上学期间里并不总是感到最快乐，这是可以理解的。)”以及空后句子“The following tips can help you feel happier on school days.(以下建议可以帮助你在上学的日子里感到更快乐。)”可知，此处需要一个过渡句，承接前文提到的上学时可能不开心的情况，并引出后文的改善方法，C选项“But it’s also something you can totally improve!(但这也是你完全可以改善的事情!)”体现了这种转折和衔接，符合语境。故选C。 37．根据本段中心句“Focus on the good things about school.(关注学校里好的方面。)”可知，本段强调要从积极的角度看待学校，F选项“A little positive thinking can go a long way towards improving your mood.(一点点积极的思考对改善你的情绪大有帮助。)”中的“positive thinking”与中心句中的“good things”相呼应，且能引出下文对积极思考的具体阐述，符合语境。故选F。 38．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的中心句，与其他段落相同，应为祈使句。根据空后句子“Making other people smile can improve your own happiness. Give another student some positive encouragement. Or, thank a teacher for a fun activity or an interesting lesson.(让别人微笑能提升你自己的幸福感。给其他同学一些积极的鼓励吧，或者，感谢老师带来了有趣的活动或精彩的课程。)”可知，本段讲述的是为他人做一些好事能带来快乐，B选项“Do something nice for someone.(为别人做些好事。)”为祈使句，且能概括本段主题，符合语境。故选B。 39．根据本段中心句“Try not to take negativity from others too hard.(不要把别人的负面情绪看得太重。)”以及空后句子“Try to remember that nobody is perfect and think about what might be going on in their lives that makes them act negatively towards you.(试着记住，没有人是完美的，想想他们生活中可能发生了什么让他们对你做出负面行为的事。)”可知，此处是在说明别人对你不友好可能并非你的问题。D选项“If someone isn’t nice to you at school, it’s probably not your fault. (如果在学校有人对你不友好，那可能不是你的错。)”与上下文内容衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。 40．根据空前句子“No one can change your future other than you.(除了你自己，没有人能改变你的未来。)”可知，此处是在强调自己要为未来努力，E选项“Do the best of what you have, and try to have some fun along the way.(尽你所能，同时也要在这个过程中找点乐子。)”是对前文的进一步补充，鼓励人们在努力的同时享受过程，符合语境。故选E。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·河南·期末）Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through a difficult time? Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. As well as lifting up others, friendship can boost (促进) your well being too. 16 Friendship is a special connection you have with another person, and it comes in all shapes and sizes. You could chat for ages or giggle (咯咯地笑) at things other people don’t find funny. 17 And you may know when the other has had a bad day. Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway. Experts say good friendship is a strong, stable connection. 18 You both give each other support when you need it. 19 Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. It builds trust and helps you understand each other better. Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy. Having good, strong friendships is as important as diet and exercise. Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn. Making time for your friends sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy. 20 Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same. If you think a friend is feeling down, find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers. A．Making new friends takes much time and effort. B．It makes you feel positive and it’s not one-sided. C．Research shows it might even help you fight off colds. D．You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time. E．That’s good news because hanging out with your friends is fun. F．Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat. G．Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy, confident and less stressed. 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．G 20．F 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了友谊的重要性、好处和交朋友的方法。 16．上文“Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. As well as lifting up others, friendship can boost (促进) your well being too.(无论你有一两个闺蜜，还是一个团体的成员，建立和保持友谊都是我们共同学习的技能。友谊不仅能提升他人，还能提升你的幸福感)”说明建立和保持友谊是一种技能，而且友谊不仅能提升他人，还能促进我们自身的福祉。空处承上启下，C项中的it指代前文中的friendship，进一步说明友谊对我们自身的益处，甚至可能帮助我们抵抗感冒，从而引出了下文将要具体讲述的友谊带来的健康益处。所以C项“研究表明，它甚至可以帮助你抵御感冒。”符合语境。故选C。 17．上文“Friendship is a special connection you have with another person, and it comes in all shapes and sizes. You could chat for ages or giggle (咯咯地笑) at things other people don’t find funny.(友谊是你与他人之间的一种特殊联系，它有各种形状和大小。你可以聊很长时间，也可以对别人觉得不好笑的事情傻笑)”说明友谊的多样性和特殊性。空处顺接上文，继续描述友谊的特点。D项“你不希望对方一直都很有趣。”符合友谊的多样性和特殊性，因为友谊不仅仅基于共同的乐趣。故选D。 18．上文“Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway. Experts say good friendship is a strong, stable connection.(朋友们并不总是喜欢相同的运动或爱好，但他们无论如何都会互相鼓励。专家表示，良好的友谊是一种牢固、稳定的联系)”说明好的友谊是稳定而牢固的联系，双方在需要时给予彼此支持。空处进一步描述这种稳固性，并引出下文关于相互支持的描述。B项中的It指代前文中的“good friendship”，“it’s not one-sided”和下文中的“both give each other support”相呼应，说明B项“它让你感觉积极，而且不是单方面的。”符合语境。故选B。 19．下文“Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. It builds trust and helps you understand each other better. Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy.(与他人分享你的感受和想法不仅仅是乐趣。它可以建立信任，帮助你们更好地理解彼此。作家Lydia Denworth说，友谊对你有好处，因为它能增强你的免疫系统，帮助你的身体保持健康)”说明本段介绍了好的友谊能够帮助身体保持健康。G项“好朋友对你的健康有益，因为他们能让你感到快乐、自信和压力更小。”适合作本文的主旨句，统领全段，该项中的“Good friends are good for your health”和下文中的“it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy”相呼应。故选G。 20．上文“Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn. Making time for your friends sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy.(做朋友是我们能学到的最重要的技能之一。给朋友留出时间听起来很明显，但在你忙的时候见到他们并不总是那么容易)”说明尽管抽时间和朋友见面并不总是容易，但这是显而易见的必要。空处需要一个建议或方法来解决忙碌中维持友谊的问题，F项“试着发信息或安排散步或骑自行车，以便有时间聊天。”符合语境，它提供了一种实用的方法，即利用简短的信息交流或安排活动来增进沟通，即使在忙碌中也能保持联系。故选F。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·江苏南京·期末）“TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend. 21 And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected. Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out,“ 22 The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of  a new variety of plant by a botanist. There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like. 23   We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night's conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures. 24 There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time. 25 A．There is much truth in that statement. B．Friendship fades without a sincere conversation. C．Whatever it is, conversationalist does contribute to our happiness. D．Such conversations remain among the memories that we cherish for life. E．Those who are wise seldom know how to talk, and those who talk are seldom wise. F．A similar difference may be noted between business letters and the letters of literary friends. G．Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among strangers on a distant journey. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．F 24．G 25．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了与朋友交谈的益处，分析了健谈者可以带来的影响。 21．根据上文的““TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend.(“与君一席话，胜读十年书”，这是一位中国老学者与一位朋友交谈后的评价。)”和下文的“And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected.(今天，“a night’s talk”这个短语已经成为一个流行的表达方式，用来形容和朋友在晚上愉快的谈话，无论是过去的还是预期的。)”可知，A项“那句话很有道理”是在评价上文提到的“与君一席话，胜读十年书”，下文提到的“a night’s talk”就是源自“与君一席话，胜读十年书”，故选A项。 22．根据上文的“Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out(像在晚上与朋友进行一次完美的交谈这样的无上快乐是非常罕见的，因为正如剧作家李立翁所指出的那样)”和下文的“The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist.(“因此，发现一个在山间寺庙里的人，他真正了解生活，同时也了解谈话的艺术，一定是最令人愉快的事情之一，就像天文学家发现了一颗新行星或植物学家发现了一种新的植物。”)”可知，B项(没有真诚的交谈，友谊就会褪色。)承接上文，说明了真诚谈话的益处和重要性，下文指出了发现一个真正懂得谈话艺术的人是令人愉快的事情，剧作家李立翁指的就是这种与朋友交谈的快乐。故选B项。 23．根据上文的“There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like.(单纯的谈话和谈话本身有明显的区别。汉语中有“说”和“谈”的区别，这意味着在谈话中使用的语言更健谈，更悠闲，话题更琐碎，更不像商业。)”和下文的“We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night's conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures.(我们几乎可以和任何人讨论业务，但是很少有人能和我们真正进行一夜的交谈。因此，当我们找到一位真正的健谈者时，其乐趣即使不比阅读一位令人愉快的作家的作品更大，也与听到他的声音和看到他的手势的乐趣相当。)”可知，F项“在商业信函和文学朋友的信函之间也可以发现类似的区别。”承接上文，说明谈话与商业和文学朋友的来往不一样，引出下文解释它们的不同之处。故选F项。 24．根据下文的“There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time.(会有关于鬼魂和狐妖的聊天，夹杂着有趣的故事或39条慷慨激昂的评论：关于国际事务，有时在我们意识到这一点之前，一个明智的观察者和健谈者可能会揭示困扰你很长时间的事情。)”可知，G项(有时，我们在老朋友的欢乐重逢中，或在长途旅行中的陌生人之间，发现这一点。)引出下文，再次举例子说明会说话的人是不一样的，故选G项。 25．根据上文的“There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time.(会有关于鬼魂和狐妖的聊天，夹杂着有趣的故事或39条慷慨激昂的评论：关于国际事务，有时在我们意识到这一点之前，一个明智的观察者和健谈者可能会揭示困扰你很长时间的事情。)”可知，C项“不管是什么，健谈的人确实有助于我们的幸福”承接上文，说明了健谈的人不管说什么都会使倾听者感到愉快，故选C项。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·河南·期末）Our homes use a lot of energy every day. This energy is used for purposes like lighting, heating, cooling, and operating home electrical devices. 16 Actually, more than one-fourth of the world’s carbon dioxide—a gas that makes the Earth warmer—comes from the energy used in buildings. To protect our planet, we need to find ways to use less energy at home. Many people think they must buy new, expensive equipment to save energy. 17 Here are three easy things you can do. Open a window. When the weather is not too hot, such as in spring or at night, you don’t always need to turn on the air conditioner. Opening a window can let fresh air in and make your home feel cooler. If you open two windows on opposite sides of the room, air can flow through and make the room feel even more comfortable. 18 Use ceiling(天花板) fans. Fans don’t make the air cooler, but they move the air around, which helps people feel cooler. 19 In some areas, using fans instead of air conditioning can reduce energy use and pollution by up to 76%. If you have a fan at home, try using it more often. Make your roof reflect sunlight. 20 A dark roof absorbs heat, but a white or silver roof reflects the sunlight away. This helps your home stay cooler and reduces the need for air conditioning. You can talk to a builder about special reflective roof paint. It can help you save both energy and money in the long run, A．A light roof saves much on energy bills. B．The roof gets a lot of sunlight during the day. C．They use much less energy than air conditioners. D．Therefore, air conditioners are far from satisfactory. E．However, using too much energy can cause serious problems. F．But in fact, there are simple and low-cost ways to reduce energy use. G．This simple action can save up to 45% of cooling energy, depending on the weather. 【答案】16．E 17．F 18．G 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇环保类说明文，主要介绍了三种家庭节能措施。 16．根据首段第二句“This energy is used for purposes like lighting, heating, cooling, and operating home electrical devices.(这种能量用于照明、加热、冷却和运行家用电器等目的)”以及空后的句子“Actually, more than one-fourth of the world’s carbon dioxide—a gas that makes the Earth warmer—comes from the energy used in buildings.(事实上，世界上超过四分之一的二氧化碳——一种使地球变得更暖的气体——来自建筑中使用的能源)”可知，空既要承接第二句的能源话题，又要引出二氧化碳排放这一负面情况。选项E表示“然而，使用过多的能源会导致严重问题”满足承上启下的作用。故选E项。 17．根据首段第二空前一句“Many people think they must buy new, expensive equipment to save energy.(许多人认为他们必须购买新的、昂贵的设备来节约能源)”以及空后的句子“Here are three easy things you can do.(这里有三件你可以做的简单的事)”可知，空要引出“有办法减少能源使用”这一话题才能起到承上启下的作用。选项F表示“但事实上，有一些简单而低成本的方法可以减少能源的使用”符合要求。故选F项。 18．根据“Open a window.”部分首句“When the weather is not too hot, such as in spring or at night, you don’t always need to turn on the air conditioner.(天气不是太热时，比如在春天或晚上，你不需要总是开空调)”以及空前的句子“If you open two windows on opposite sides of the room, air can flow through and make the room feel even more comfortable.(如果你打开房间相对两侧的两扇窗户，空气就能流通，使房间感觉更舒适)”可知，空要说明天气的情况与开窗的方式结合在一起能节能以承接上文。选项G表示“这个简单的动作可以节省高达45%的冷却能源，具体取决于天气”符合要求，而且weather这个词是原词复现。故选G项。 19．根据“Use ceiling fans.”部分首句“Fans don’t make the air cooler, but they move the air around, which helps people feel cooler.(风扇不会使空气变冷，但它们会使空气流动，这有助于人们感觉更凉爽)”可知，这是描述风扇的情况，空在其后，要和该句保持话题一致，即主语要用fans或they。选项C表示“它们使用的能源比空调少得多”符合要求，they是原词复现。故选C项。 20．根据“Make your roof reflect sunlight.”部分中的“A dark roof absorbs heat, but a white or silver roof reflects the sunlight away. (深色屋顶会吸收热量，而白色或银色屋顶则会将阳光反射出去)”可知，这是描述屋顶颜色与吸热、反射阳光的关系。空在它之前，要总述屋顶与阳光的关系才能引出下文内容。B选项表示“屋顶在白天获得大量的阳光”符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Often times, doing things in a more sustainable way means doing them the old-fashioned way-for example, hanging clothes on a line instead of running the dryer. Making small changes to our routines can pay off big in various ways: helping the planet while saving you time, money, or both. 21 We hope you’ll be surprised by how big a difference you can make with relatively little effort. Run the dishwasher. 22 Running a full dishwasher uses an average of 60 percent less energy than handwashing. If you don’t have a dishwasher, fill the sink with suds (肥皂泡沫) once instead of running the tap the whole time. That way, you’ll use about a fifth of the water. 23 Barbershops in North America produce a lot of waste. Some of that includes haircuts, which have a surprising variety of uses, among them absorbing oil spills and recycling into insulation (绝缘). See if your barbershop belongs to Green Circle Barbershop, which reclaims and repurposes a million pounds of beauty waste every year. Measure yourself. It may seem smart to order multiple sizes when shopping for clothes online, planning to return those that don’t fit. But the unfortunate reality is that many returned articles-even unopened ones-are discarded, not resold. 24 Forget fast fashion. By that, we basically mean cheap, trendy clothing you’ll find at stores that get new inventory every month. Most of the clothing created by these brands ultimately ends up in landfills: 25 Thankfully, there’s a growing club of companies that prioritize sustainability, producing fewer but longer-lasting articles, often made with organic or eco-friendly fabrics. A．Cut your hair less frequently. B．Do something different with your hair. C．Go ahead, let the household device do all the work. D．The average American throws away 82 pounds of it each year. E．Newer machines also use far less water, saving you money on both bills. F．With that in mind, we’ve had easy steps that will help you go the most distance. G．So, take your measurements and rely on size charts and customer reviews instead. 【答案】21．F 22．C 23．B 24．G 25．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些有助于实现可持续生活的简单方法，如使用洗碗机、对理发店废弃物进行处理、合理网购衣物、拒绝快时尚等，通过这些小改变既能帮助地球又能节省时间和金钱。 21．根据上文“Making small changes to our routines can pay off big in various ways: helping the planet while saving you time, money, or both.(对我们的日常生活习惯做一些小改变可以在很多方面带来巨大回报：在帮助地球的同时，还能为你节省时间、金钱，或者两者兼得)”及后文各段的做法可知，选项承上启下，引出后文具体的可持续生活方法。故F选项“考虑到这一点，我们有一些简单的步骤，可以帮助你在可持续生活上取得很大进展” 符合语境，故选F。 22．根据上文“Run the dishwasher.(运行洗碗机)”下文“Running a full dishwasher uses an average of 60 percent less energy than handwashing.(使用满载的洗碗机比手洗平均节省 60% 的能源)” 可知，此处应鼓励使用洗碗机。故C选项“继续吧，让这个家用设备来做所有的工作” 符合语境，故选C。 23．根据下文 “Barbershops in North America produce a lot of waste. Some of that includes haircuts, which have a surprising variety of uses, among them absorbing oil spills and recycling into insulation (绝缘). See if your barbershop belongs to Green Circle Barbershop, which reclaims and repurposes a million pounds of beauty waste every year.(北美理发店产生大量废弃物。其中包括剪下来的头发，它们有令人惊讶的多种用途，包括吸收漏油和回收制成绝缘材料。看看你的理发店是否属于绿环理发店，这种理发店每年回收并重新利用 100 万磅的美容废弃物)” 可知，本段强调对理发店剪下的头发进行不同处理，即回收利用。故B选项“对头发做些不一样的处理” 符合，作为小标题概括该段内容，故选B。 24．根据上文“It may seem smart to order multiple sizes when shopping for clothes online, planning to return those that don’t fit. But the unfortunate reality is that many returned articles - even unopened ones - are discarded, not resold.(在网上购买衣服时订购多个尺码，计划退回那些不合身的衣服，这似乎很明智。但不幸的现实是，许多退回的物品 —— 即使是未开封的 —— 都会被丢弃，而不是重新出售)” 可知，承接前文，给出避免因购买多个尺码衣服造成浪费的方法。G选项“所以，量一下你的尺寸，转而依靠尺码表和顾客评价” 符合语境，故选G。 25．根据上文“Most of the clothing created by these brands ultimately ends up in landfills:(这些品牌生产的大多数服装最终都进了垃圾填埋场)” 可知，此处应进一步说明美国人丢弃快时尚服装的情况。故D选项“平均每个美国人每年扔掉 82 磅这样的衣服” 符合语境，故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·云南曲靖·期末）For most people, city life and nature protection can’t get along well with each other. However, it actually depends on us. As urban (城市的) residents, we can live in harmony with nature. Make a smarter travel choice We all know cars harm the environment, but we’d rather keep driving than protect our health. 26 . If you live in a city, use public transportation. More people on a bus means fewer cars on the road. Another cool way to save money on your transportation and help the planet is ride-sharing. 27 . Dress green Today, we buy far more clothing than we did years ago. And fast fashion has contributed to tons of clothing thrown away every year. That’s a lot of waste. What can you do about that? Remember: Less is more. Avoid buying those you’re going to wear only once or twice. Fast fashion clothing is designed to wear out fast, which means that you’ll need more really soon. 28 . Team up with green living organizations 29 . Being around earth-friendly people can really shape who you are. Why not check out local environmental groups in your city? Even helping out as a volunteer makes a difference. You’ll get inspired by meeting people who care about the planet like you do — plus pick up great tips for a greener living! 30 Are you already living green and loving it? Your story could light a fire in others! Share your experience and thoughts with your friends as they might not even know that certain problems exist. That’s where you come in. Show them: Living green is really fun; the change is not that painful; small steps make a real difference. A．Spread the word B．Clean out unwanted items C．Still, there are other ways of getting from A to B D．You’ll become like the people you spend time with E．You can also find places where clothing is recycled F．It’s cheaper and more fun to go places with companions G．In the long run, clothes of higher quality last longer and save money 【答案】26．C 27．F 28．G 29．D 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市居民与自然和谐相处的几种方法。 26．上文“We all know cars harm the environment, but we’d rather keep driving than protect our health.(我们都知道汽车对环境有害，但我们宁愿继续开车也不愿保护我们的健康)”指出汽车危害环境但人们仍愿开车，下文“If you live in a city, use public transportation. More people on a bus means fewer cars on the road. Another cool way to save money on your transportation and help the planet is ride-sharing.(如果你住在城市里，使用公共交通工具。公共汽车上的人越多，路上的汽车就越少。另一种节省交通费用和帮助地球的酷方法是拼车)”表明还可以使用公共交通和拼车，C选项“不过，从A地到B地还有其他方式”和上文构成转折关系，同时引出下文，符合语境。故选C。 27．上文“Another cool way to save money on your transportation and help the planet is ride-sharing.(另一种节省交通费用和帮助地球的酷方法是拼车)”介绍拼车这种方式，F选项“与同伴一起去某个地方更便宜也更有趣”进一步说明拼车的好处，cheaper与上文save money相呼应，符合语境。故选F。 28．上文“Fast fashion clothing is designed to wear out fast, which means that you’ll need more really soon.(快时尚服装的设计目的是快速磨损，这意味着你很快就需要更多)”说明快时尚衣服容易穿坏导致浪费，G选项“从长远来看，质量更高的衣服更耐用，更省钱”强调优质衣服的好处，与快时尚形成对比，符合语境。故选G。 29．下文“Being around earth-friendly people can really shape who you are.(和环保的人在一起真的能塑造你是谁)”说明和环保的人在一起会受到影响，D选项“你会变得和你花时间相处的人一样”与下文内容呼应，说明周围人的影响，符合语境。故选D。 30．下文“Are you already living green and loving it? Your story could light a fire in others! Share your experience and thoughts with your friends as they might not even know that certain problems exist. That’s where you come in. Show them: Living green is really fun; the change is not that painful; small steps make a real difference.(你已经在过着绿色生活并且热爱它了吗？你的故事可能会点燃别人的热情！与你的朋友分享你的经验和想法，因为他们甚至可能不知道某些问题的存在。这就是你的用武之地。告诉他们：绿色生活真的很有趣；改变并没有那么痛苦；小步骤能带来真正的改变)”说明要分享自己的绿色生活经历去影响他人，A选项“传播这个理念”概括该段主旨，适合作为本段的标题，符合语境。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．A Passage 2 【答案】6．G 7．A 8．C 9．E 10．D Passage 3 【答案】11．E 12．B 13．F 14．D 15．G Passage 4 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．A 19．F 20．E 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．G Passage 2 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．F 9．E 10．G Passage 3 【答案】11．E 12．F 13．B 14．G 15．C 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．E Passage 2 【答案】6．D 7．F 8．G 9．A 10．E Passage 3 【答案】11．E 12．F 13．B 14．G 15．D 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】21．A 22．F 23．D 24．E 25．G Passage 2 【答案】26．F 27．A 28．G 29．D 30．C Passage 3 【答案】31．D 32．G 33．E 34．F 35．A Passage 4 【答案】36．C 37．F 38．B 39．D 40．E 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．G 20．F Passage 2 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．F 24．G 25．C 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】16．E 17．F 18．G 19．C 20．B Passage 2 【答案】21．F 22．C 23．B 24．G 25．D Passage 3 【答案】26．C 27．F 28．G 29．D 30．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解（七选五） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东深圳·期末） With the rise of digital learning platforms, more students are turning to online resources to supplement their studies. However, staying focused while learning online can be challenging. 1 Here are some strategies to help you stay on track. Create a dedicated study space. Having a specific area for studying helps your brain switch into “learning mode.” Make sure this space is quiet, well-lit, and free from distractions like your phone or TV. 2 Set clear goals for each session. Before you start, decide what you want to achieve in the next 30 to 60 minutes. Breaking down larger tasks into smaller, manageable goals can boost your sense of accomplishment. 3 Take regular breaks. Staring at a screen for hours can lead to tiredness and reduced concentration. Try the Pomodoro Technique: study for 25 minutes, then take a 5-minute break. 4 Stretch, walk around, or get some water to refresh your mind. Stay connected with others. Online learning doesn’t mean you have to study alone. Join discussion forums or form a virtual study group. 5 It also keeps you motivated and accountable. A. This not only deepens your understanding. B. Start with easy subjects to build up your confidence. C. But forming a productive online study habit is easier said than done. D. Avoid studying in bed, as it can make you feel sleepy. E. During breaks, avoid screens and move your body. F. You can use apps to block distracting websites. G. Write your goals down and check them off as you go. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期中）If you struggle to meet new people or join in a conversation at social events, it might be that your body language is sending the message to others to stay away. 6 ? Below are some tips to get you started. Smile. Although it is possible to overdo smiling, generally it is better to smile than frown (皱眉). Try to find things that really make you happy or laugh and your smile will come across as natural rather than forced. 7 . Make sure that you aren’t using objects to shield (遮住) yourself from others. At a party, hold your drink at your side instead of close to your chest (胸膛). Keeping objects between you and others makes you appear guarded and closed. Use eye contact. When you do end up talking with someone, be sure to maintain eye contact. Avoiding eye contact makes you appear untrustworthy or disinterested. If direct eye contact feels hard, try looking at only one eye at a time, or at a part between a person’s eyes. 8 Avoid nervous habits. Even though you might be nervous, avoid the habits that go with it. 9 . Don’t play with your pen or the change in your pocket. Keep your hands relaxed at your sides or use them to gesture (做手势) when making conversation. 10 . Say nice things about other people instead of mean things. Approach others and include those who seem to be left out. Be a positive person and you will attract other positive people to you. Although it may feel unnatural at first, with time you should start to feel more open and confident as a result of changing your body language. A．Avoid blocks B．Use objects on hand C．They won’t be able to tell the difference D．Apart from body language, always be positive E．Stop touching your face or playing with your hair F．How can you read different types of body language properly G．How can you improve your body language to appear more approachable Passage 3 （23-24高一下·重庆·期中）Reasons Why You Need to Read More Historical Fiction Historical fiction refers to fictional stories set in true historical contexts. This mixes the lines between reality and imagination, because it is both factual and fictional. 11 Here’s why. It gives you an alternative perspective（思考方法）to look at the past. It is a common belief that victors write history. Indeed, it is always victors who have had the last say in the documentation of facts. But through stories，which demand imagination and innovation, it is possible to rewrite histories from the perspective of those on the losing side. This allows unheard voices to get recognition, and unknown stories to be told. 12 It makes you more aware of the world as well as local legacies. Because historical fiction doesn’t exist in a completely made-up world and is written instead in definite places and times, it has a context. 13 . It provides information about local as well as global histories, allowing you to better understand why certain people, communities and countries are the way they are. 14 Among various fiction types, historical fiction stands out as a highly informative category. This is due to the extensive and precise research it demands, creating an impressive experience that transports you to different eras. This, in turn, allows you to get a sense of a life and times so vastly different from yours. It challenges your perspectives about culture. 15 By providing alternative perspectives to a known reality, it offers alternative ways of looking at people. Postcolonial (后殖民主义的) historical fiction, for instance, has long worked to challenge the idea of imperial (帝国的) superiority. Slave fiction challenges the idea of racism. A．It makes you connect with your ancestors. B．It offers alternative perspectives to past realities. C．Alternative perspectives make you broad-minded. D．It gives you a sense of a life and times before yours. E．You should definitely invest in reading historical fiction. F．It is this context that makes historical fiction unique and essential. G．One social influence historical fiction has is that it challenges cultural assumptions. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·广东汕头·期末） In today’s digital age, many students find themselves spending hours on social media every day. While these platforms can help us stay connected with friends, they can also become a major source of distraction and anxiety. 16 Here are some practical tips to help you build a healthier relationship with social media. Set time limits for daily use. It’s easy to lose track of time when scrolling through endless posts. Use the timer on your phone or a specialized app to cap your social media usage at, say, one hour per day. 17 Turn off non-essential notifications. Every buzz or ping pulls your attention away from whatever you’re doing. By disabling notifications for likes, comments, or new followers, you reduce the urge to check your phone constantly. 18 Curate your feed actively. Unfollow accounts that make you feel inadequate, jealous, or stressed. Instead, follow pages that inspire you, teach you something new, or simply make you laugh. 19 Schedule phone-free periods. Designate certain times of the day—such as during meals, homework time, or the first hour after waking up—as “no-screen” zones. 20 You might be surprised at how much more focused and calm you feel. A．This helps you regain control over your attention. B．Start with one small change and build from there. C．But breaking free from social media overuse is easier said than done. D．Once the time is up, the app will lock itself or remind you to stop. E．These breaks allow your brain to rest and reset. F．Remember: you are the one who decides what appears on your screen. G．Posting too often can also cause unnecessary pressure. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）How to Build Strong Friendships Friendship is one of life’s greatest joys. However, building and maintaining strong friendships takes effort and understanding. Here are some tips to help you develop meaningful connections. First, be a good listener. When your friend is talking, give them your full attention. 1 Show that you care about their feelings and experiences. Second, be honest and trustworthy. Keep your promises and don’t share their secrets with others. 2 Trust is the foundation of any strong relationship. Third, support your friends in good times and bad. Celebrate their successes and offer comfort when they face challenges. 3 Your presence can make a big difference. Fourth, learn to forgive. No one is perfect, and misunderstandings can happen. 4 Letting go of small disagreements can strengthen your bond. Finally, spend quality time together. Whether it’s studying, exercising, or just chatting, shared experiences create lasting memories. 5 Remember, true friendship is not about quantity but quality. A．Avoid judging them quickly. B．Instead, focus on having fun together. C．This will show that you are a reliable person. D．Sometimes just being there is enough. E．Try to see things from their point of view. F．Apologize when you are wrong and accept their apologies too. G．Don’t let busy schedules prevent you from staying connected. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）How to Work with Different Cultures Working effectively with different cultures is a necessary skill for anyone in a culturally diverse work environment. Cultural variations in the workplace may range from simple regional differences, such as varying dialects (方言), to different viewpoints on timeliness, efficiency, and communication. 6 Be aware of your words and actions. What seems proper to you may not be a cultural standard to another person. 7 Is what you’re about to say possibly rude? If so, figure out a way to express it differently. Before you give someone at work a high five or a pat on the back, take a moment to consider your actions. Based on what you know about that culture, is touching in the workplace proper? Practise patience. It may take a while for you to get used to working with people from different cultures. Don’t worry, that’s normal. Try not to get angry if communication takes a little extra effort at first. For example, maybe you are now working with someone whose first language is not your mother tongue. In this case, they might not understand your point. 8 Try saying, “OK, I can see I’m not making myself clear. How can I help us get on the same page?” Look at issues from a different angle (角度). Don’t assume that you are all looking at the issue from the same angle. It’s possible that you might think you’re working with the same goals in mind, but others may have different ideas about how to achieve them. 9 Looking at an issue from another point of view can help you find solutions that you might not have considered. 10 But if you put yourself in the right frame of mind, you will likely find it a rewarding experience despite some challenges. A．An important way is trying to be humorous. B．A good rule is to consider your words before you speak. C．Learning to communicate better helps you work with people. D．There are suggestions for you to work with different cultures. E．Once someone explains their viewpoint, take some time to reflect. F．Instead of getting impatient, try to treat it as a learning experience. G．If you’ve never worked with different cultures before, it can be difficult. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·四川成都·期末）Friendship is an important part of our lives. 11 . However, building and maintaining friendships takes effort and understanding. Build Friendships Building friendships is a lifelong job. 12 . One effective way is by joining clubs or volunteer organizations, since these activities naturally place you among people with shared interests and provide common ground for meaningful conversations. 13 There are many things you can do to keep friendships strong forever. These include staying connected through regular communication, offering genuine support during tough times, and celebrating each other’s successes. Honesty and reliability build deep trust, while shared experiences create joyful memories. Mutual care and consistent effort make these bonds enduring and deeply rewarding. Face Friendship Changes Life affects friendships. As we grow, marry, move across the country, or change jobs, old friendships transform and new ones bloom. 14 . All you can do is treat them well and do the best for them when you are with them. Let Go of Toxic (有毒的) Friendships 15 . Relationships that often involve constant negativity, disrespect, or one-sided effort, waste your energy and time. In this case, you’d better choose to step away. Although it’s challenging, this decision will effectively help you reduce stress and create space for healthier, mutually beneficial relationships that offer genuine support and happiness. A．Be a Good Listener B．Maintain Friendships C．Friendships are not always as good as we think D．You should always offer advice to your friends E．It can bring us joy, support, and a sense of belonging F．Though it’s hard at first, keep trying because trust takes time to develop G．As long as we live, the things around us change, and friendships are affected 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·甘肃临夏·期末）The climate is changing, and the human race is finding that we must rethink many of the habits that we’ve taken for granted for generations. Fortunately, “living green” can be an economical decision as well as an ecological decision. You don’t have to make huge changes all at once. 1 Every small step helps protect the environment.· 2 Using less electricity is easy and can save money too! Turn off lights when you leave a room. Unplug devices like chargers and appliances when you’re not using them. Instead of turning on the air conditioner, open the windows to let fresh air and sunlight in. These small habits can make a big difference in reducing energy use. ·Use Less Water. 3 Don’t let the tap run while brushing your teeth or washing dishes. Take shorter showers and only flush the toilet when necessary. You can also collect rainwater to water your plants. Simple actions like these help conserve water and protect our natural resources. ·Choose Greener Transportation. Cars use a lot of fuel and create pollution. Walking, biking, or taking the bus are better for the environment. If you must own your own vehicle, then explore the possibility of hybrid-electric cars that allow you to burn less. Using ride-sharing services is another great choice. 4 ·Use Paper Less. The Internet makes it easy to reduce paper use. Pay your bills online and ask for digital receipts instead of paper ones. 5 Switch to digital newspapers and magazines to avoid paper waste, Using less paper is a simple way to live greener and help the planet. A．Save Electricity. B．Live a Low-carbon Life. C．Water is precious, so use it wisely. D．You don’t have to think about the benefits of living green. E．Use email and social media to stay in touch with friends and family. F．These choices are not only eco-friendly but also can save you money. G．Just start by being mindful of the things you use and the waste you create. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers. 6 Jaws was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal. People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. 7 It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans. Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film. 8 Other people started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed. 9 In fact, the reality about great white sharks is quite different from what Jaws showed. Great white sharks are an important part of the ocean ecosystem. 10 They help keep the balance of marine life by preying on sick or weak animals. However, due to human activities like over - fishing and the negative impact of films like Jaws, their numbers have decreased significantly in recent years. A．People just wanted them killed. B．Here’s how the film influenced people’s views. C．These days, more efforts are being made to protect them. D．It presents a terrifying image of great white sharks. E．Their role in the ocean is often misunderstood by the public. F．The film’s effect on public perception was far - reaching. G．Other people started fishing for sharks out of fear. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·江西宜春·期末）Plastic pollution is a serious problem, and it’s getting worse. Plastic can stay for a long time. Scientists are trying to create plastic that breaks down quickly, but the best way for now is to use less plastic. 11        Stop using plastic bags. Instead, take your own reusable shopping bag to the store. Every year, people use tons of plastic bags worldwide. Some countries try to stop using plastic bags. 12         Say no to the straw (吸管). A study showed that around 8.3 billion plastic straws cover the world’s beaches. So when you order a drink, say no to the straw, or bring your own reusable one. 13 Carry a reusable water bottle with you. Around the world, nearly a million plastic bottles are thrown away every minute. The problem is so bad that in some countries, stores aren’t allowed to sell bottled water any more. Avoid plastic packaging. 14 It’s almost everywhere. But there is something you can do, too:avoid fruit or vegetables packed in plastic. Recycle what you can. You can’t recycle all plastic things. 15 For example, you can recycle bottles and milk or juice bags. In some countries, machines take the bottles and give a little money back for each bottle. A．They are fresh. B．Don’t buy bottled water. C．Bottled water is expensive. D．But it is possible to start small. E．Here are five tips that can help you. F．Other countries make customers pay for them. G．Most things you buy come in plastic packaging. 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东青岛·期末）We all have strengths and weaknesses — that’s completely normal. In fact, recognizing both helps us understand ourselves better. Understanding our strengths can help boost our self-confidence. 21 . In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal Strengths”. List all the characteristics you are proud of. Are you patient? Hardworking? Honest? It’s important to acknowledge and appreciate your own strengths. On a separate sheet of paper, write down the heading “Good Deeds”. Think about all the kind things you have done for others. It could be helping a classmate with their studies, offering your seat to someone on the bus, or simply smiling at a stranger. 22 . You can also ask a friend or family member to help you with this exercise. 23 . Views from others can sometimes reveal your admirable actions. Furthermore, consider discussing any areas where you feel you could improve, as constructive feedback can be invaluable in personal development. Of course, we all have times when we feel weak and make mistakes. 24 . Try to see them as chances to grow and improve. Accept your mistakes, learn from them, and then keep moving forward. Appreciate each experience, both good and bad, as they shape you into a wiser and more resilient (坚韧的) individual. 25 . It requires time, patience, and a willingness to learn and adapt. In this journey, we can unlock our true potential and grow with a positive mindset and a clearer understanding of who we are. A．To do this, you can try a simple writing exercise. B．This process will stop you from achieving more. C．Sometimes, being kind might become your weaknesses. D．They might help you understand your personality better. E．But keep in mind that they are a natural part of learning. F．Note down even the smallest acts of kindness as they truly matter. G．Remember, understanding ourselves better is an ongoing process. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·新疆伊犁·期末）Urban community gardens have appeared as a popular way to transform empty lots into lively green spaces. These gardens not only beautify neighborhoods but also develop a sense of community among residents. Yet creating a successful garden requires careful planning and cooperation. First, identifying a suitable location is critical. The site should receive adequate sunlight and have access to water, ideally near public transportation for easy access. 26 Therefore, consulting local residents about potential spots can ensure the garden serves the community’s needs. 27 Include people with gardening experience, architects, and even local children to gather varied angles. Such a diverse group can also help in spreading awareness about the project. This group will be responsible for drafting a budget and securing funding from local businesses or companies. Designing the garden layout comes next. Plans should include paths, planting beds, and seating areas, considering the needs of all users. 28 For example, raised beds can accommodate elderly gardeners, while a small play area might attract families. Organizing volunteer events is key to maintaining the garden. Scheduling regular planting days and maintenance workshops encourages turnout. 29 Providing training for beginners and assigning tasks based on skills can make volunteering more enjoyable. Finally, establishing rules for garden use helps ensure its sustainability. Clearly defining responsibilities for watering, weeding, and harvesting prevents conflicts. Residents should also agree on how to share the produce from community gardens. 30 With proper planning and community involvement, a city garden can become a living space that enriches both the environment and the lives of those who tend it. A．Forming a planning committee with diverse members is also essential. B．Maps of potential locations should be displayed at community meetings. C．By involving residents in creating these guidelines, responsibility is shared. D．Offering small rewards like free seedlings can increase volunteer participation. E．Local nurseries often donate plants once they learn about the community purpose. F．However, many neighborhoods struggle to find spaces that meet these requirements. G．These layouts must balance practicality with the decorative goals of the community. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽宣城·期末）High school life is a dynamic journey filled with academic challenges and personal growth opportunities. 31 . Below are proven methods to help you strike a balance. ◆Prioritize tasks and build a structured routine Creating a clear daily routine is the cornerstone of effective time management. 32 . Then, categorize them into “urgent”, “important”, and “optional”. For example, if you have a chemistry lab report due tomorrow, mark it as urgent and prioritize it over optional tasks like browsing social media. ◆Avoid overcommitment and learn to decline Many students overcommit themselves, thinking they can handle everything. 33 . More often than not, we are supposed to balance extracurricular and academic responsibilities. For instance, if you’re already captain of the debate team and volunteering at the animal shelter, consider declining an invitation to join the school newspaper. 34 . ◆ 35 Setting short-term and long-term goals can keep you motivated and focused. Break down large projects into smaller milestones. If you’re preparing for the final exam, for example, set weekly goals such as completing a practice test, reviewing vocabulary lists, or attending a tutoring session. This makes it easier for you to better check your progress and help you stay on track. A．Divide goals into achievable steps B．Seek feedback from teachers and peers C．Participating actively in class discussions really counts D．To thrive in both areas, students need strategic approaches E．However, this often leads to burnout and poor performance F．Learning to say “no” gracefully is a skill that will serve you well in college and beyond G．Start by listing all your tasks, including classes, homework, and extracurricular activities Passage 4 （24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）School days mean homework, studying, exams, and social interactions — not to mention getting up early every morning. It’s understandable if you don’t always feel your happiest going to school during the week. 36 The following tips can help you feel happier on school days. Focus on the good things about school. 37 Think about the bigger picture and how your education will have a positive impact on your life in the long run. If you’ re having a bad day, tell yourself that you only have to be in school for a relatively short period of your life. After that, the sky is the limit! 38 Making other people smile can improve your own happiness. Give another student some positive encouragement. Or, thank a teacher for a fun activity or an interesting lesson. If you see someone else that looks like they might be feeling down, tell them you like their hair style or praise the work they have done. Try not to take negativity from others too hard. 39 Try to remember that nobody is perfect and think about what might be going on in their lives that makes them act negatively towards you. Try your best to sweep away a dirty look or a bad comment and move on without getting angry and upset. Reward yourself. Once you get that big A on your exam or work, don’t forget to go out and celebrate! It’s always great to reward yourself when you do something good especially when it will benefit your future in so many ways! Always believe that you can and you will go a long way! No one can change your future other than you. 40 A．Smile more often. B．Do something nice for someone. C．But it’s also something you can totally improve! D．If someone isn’t nice to you at school, it’s probably not your fault. E．Do the best of what you have, and try to have some fun along the way. F．A little positive thinking can go a long way towards improving your mood. G．Whether in school or at home, you look for ways to make learning more enjoyable. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·河南·期末）Can you tell when your friends are happy or going through a difficult time? Whether you have one or two besties or are part of a group, building and keeping friendships is a skill we all learn. As well as lifting up others, friendship can boost (促进) your well being too. 16 Friendship is a special connection you have with another person, and it comes in all shapes and sizes. You could chat for ages or giggle (咯咯地笑) at things other people don’t find funny. 17 And you may know when the other has had a bad day. Friends don’t always enjoy the same sports or hobbies but they encourage each other anyway. Experts say good friendship is a strong, stable connection. 18 You both give each other support when you need it. 19 Sharing your feelings and ideas with someone else isn’t just fun. It builds trust and helps you understand each other better. Author Lydia Denworth says friendship is good for you because it boosts your immune system and helps your body stay healthy. Having good, strong friendships is as important as diet and exercise. Being a friend is one of the most important skills we can learn. Making time for your friends sounds obvious but it’s not always easy to see them when you are busy. 20 Talking about your feelings lets your friends know you trust them and gives them a chance to do the same. If you think a friend is feeling down, find a quiet moment to ask if everything’s OK and listen closely to their answers. A．Making new friends takes much time and effort. B．It makes you feel positive and it’s not one-sided. C．Research shows it might even help you fight off colds. D．You don’t expect the other person to be fun all the time. E．That’s good news because hanging out with your friends is fun. F．Try sending a message or arranging a walk or bike ride to have time to chat. G．Good friends are good for your health because they make you feel happy, confident and less stressed. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·江苏南京·期末）“TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend. 21 And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected. Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out,“ 22 The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of  a new variety of plant by a botanist. There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like. 23   We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night's conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures. 24 There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time. 25 A．There is much truth in that statement. B．Friendship fades without a sincere conversation. C．Whatever it is, conversationalist does contribute to our happiness. D．Such conversations remain among the memories that we cherish for life. E．Those who are wise seldom know how to talk, and those who talk are seldom wise. F．A similar difference may be noted between business letters and the letters of literary friends. G．Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among strangers on a distant journey. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·河南·期末）Our homes use a lot of energy every day. This energy is used for purposes like lighting, heating, cooling, and operating home electrical devices. 16 Actually, more than one-fourth of the world’s carbon dioxide—a gas that makes the Earth warmer—comes from the energy used in buildings. To protect our planet, we need to find ways to use less energy at home. Many people think they must buy new, expensive equipment to save energy. 17 Here are three easy things you can do. Open a window. When the weather is not too hot, such as in spring or at night, you don’t always need to turn on the air conditioner. Opening a window can let fresh air in and make your home feel cooler. If you open two windows on opposite sides of the room, air can flow through and make the room feel even more comfortable. 18 Use ceiling(天花板) fans. Fans don’t make the air cooler, but they move the air around, which helps people feel cooler. 19 In some areas, using fans instead of air conditioning can reduce energy use and pollution by up to 76%. If you have a fan at home, try using it more often. Make your roof reflect sunlight. 20 A dark roof absorbs heat, but a white or silver roof reflects the sunlight away. This helps your home stay cooler and reduces the need for air conditioning. You can talk to a builder about special reflective roof paint. It can help you save both energy and money in the long run, A．A light roof saves much on energy bills. B．The roof gets a lot of sunlight during the day. C．They use much less energy than air conditioners. D．Therefore, air conditioners are far from satisfactory. E．However, using too much energy can cause serious problems. F．But in fact, there are simple and low-cost ways to reduce energy use. G．This simple action can save up to 45% of cooling energy, depending on the weather. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）Often times, doing things in a more sustainable way means doing them the old-fashioned way-for example, hanging clothes on a line instead of running the dryer. Making small changes to our routines can pay off big in various ways: helping the planet while saving you time, money, or both. 21 We hope you’ll be surprised by how big a difference you can make with relatively little effort. Run the dishwasher. 22 Running a full dishwasher uses an average of 60 percent less energy than handwashing. If you don’t have a dishwasher, fill the sink with suds (肥皂泡沫) once instead of running the tap the whole time. That way, you’ll use about a fifth of the water. 23 Barbershops in North America produce a lot of waste. Some of that includes haircuts, which have a surprising variety of uses, among them absorbing oil spills and recycling into insulation (绝缘). See if your barbershop belongs to Green Circle Barbershop, which reclaims and repurposes a million pounds of beauty waste every year. Measure yourself. It may seem smart to order multiple sizes when shopping for clothes online, planning to return those that don’t fit. But the unfortunate reality is that many returned articles-even unopened ones-are discarded, not resold. 24 Forget fast fashion. By that, we basically mean cheap, trendy clothing you’ll find at stores that get new inventory every month. Most of the clothing created by these brands ultimately ends up in landfills: 25 Thankfully, there’s a growing club of companies that prioritize sustainability, producing fewer but longer-lasting articles, often made with organic or eco-friendly fabrics. A．Cut your hair less frequently. B．Do something different with your hair. C．Go ahead, let the household device do all the work. D．The average American throws away 82 pounds of it each year. E．Newer machines also use far less water, saving you money on both bills. F．With that in mind, we’ve had easy steps that will help you go the most distance. G．So, take your measurements and rely on size charts and customer reviews instead. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·云南曲靖·期末）For most people, city life and nature protection can’t get along well with each other. However, it actually depends on us. As urban (城市的) residents, we can live in harmony with nature. Make a smarter travel choice We all know cars harm the environment, but we’d rather keep driving than protect our health. 26 . If you live in a city, use public transportation. More people on a bus means fewer cars on the road. Another cool way to save money on your transportation and help the planet is ride-sharing. 27 . Dress green Today, we buy far more clothing than we did years ago. And fast fashion has contributed to tons of clothing thrown away every year. That’s a lot of waste. What can you do about that? Remember: Less is more. Avoid buying those you’re going to wear only once or twice. Fast fashion clothing is designed to wear out fast, which means that you’ll need more really soon. 28 . Team up with green living organizations 29 . Being around earth-friendly people can really shape who you are. Why not check out local environmental groups in your city? Even helping out as a volunteer makes a difference. You’ll get inspired by meeting people who care about the planet like you do — plus pick up great tips for a greener living! 30 Are you already living green and loving it? Your story could light a fire in others! Share your experience and thoughts with your friends as they might not even know that certain problems exist. That’s where you come in. Show them: Living green is really fun; the change is not that painful; small steps make a real difference. A．Spread the word B．Clean out unwanted items C．Still, there are other ways of getting from A to B D．You’ll become like the people you spend time with E．You can also find places where clothing is recycled F．It’s cheaper and more fun to go places with companions G．In the long run, clothes of higher quality last longer and save money / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $