专题04阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编）高一英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解，精选高一下多地区期末真题，涵盖人与自我、社会、自然三大主题，素材兼具科技前沿（如太空chorus waves）与人文关怀（如非洲儿童合唱团）。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|约48题|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测|以真实情境为载体，如AI对写作的影响、气候变化与物种生存；梯度设计合理，基础题（如事实查找）与能力题（如逻辑推断）结合，贴合期末检测需求。|

专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C Passage 2 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C Passage 3 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A Passage 4 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C Passage 2 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．B Passage 3 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．C 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．B 16．A Passage 2 【答案】17．B 18．B 19．C 20．D Passage 3 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．B Passage 2 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．D 24．B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川宜宾·期末）The African Children’s Choir (合唱团) is made up of children who are 7 to 10 years old from Africa. They have incredible voices and spirit that amaze the audience everywhere they go! And they go to a lot of places, all around the world. And not only do they travel a lot, but they perform with some superstar singers and celebrities for heads of state. But this is not what makes the choir so special. Like New York’s PS22, they do not just sing, but truly put their hearts, souls and bodies into their words. But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty. For example, the kids in the choir are mostly from the poorest countries in the world. Many children live in one-room homes and walk more than 2 miles to get water for their family. Most of the children have lost one or both of their parents because of wars or diseases. Through its music and education, the African Children’s Choir changes the lives of its children. It allows them to see the world. It gives them hope and confidence. It shows them that everything is possible. The choir even pays for their education through college. In 30 years, it has educated and changed the lives of over 50, 000 children. And, in turn, the children return to their hometowns with new thoughts and new skills to help improve their family and community. These children are truly helping to build a better Africa. 1．What is special about the choir? A．Its positive influence on poor children. B．Performing together with famous people. C．Its members truly putting their hearts into words. D．Its members focusing on singing beautiful songs. 2．What can we learn about the members of the African Children’s Choir? A．They have no parent. B．They are all ten years old. C．Many of them live a hard life. D．Some of them come from PS22. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The African Children’s Choir makes a lot of money. B．The African Children’s Choir has become very popular. C．The African Children’s Choir is very helpful to its members. D．The African Children’s Choir helps 50,000 children go to college. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell an inspiring story. B．To advertise some choirs. C．To introduce a special choir. D．To encourage us to help African children. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末）John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today. Yosemite attracts climbers and BASE jumpers, but there are plenty of fun activities on the ground. Sentinel Dome, a short yet steep climb, offers a breath taking 2,500-meter-high view. At the peak, you’ll be greeted by a 360-degree view of Yosemite’s famous spots. Half Dome’s sheer rock face stands grandly, while El Capitan, a hotspot for rock climbers, towers in the distance. Yosemite Falls rushes down the cliffs, creating a misty rainbow on sunny days. For an extended adventure, head to Taft Point. The cliffside views here are breathtaking, but remember to stay on marked paths for safety. Before setting out, it’s quite necessary to check the National Park Service’s official website for trail (线路) conditions, as weather can quickly change the landscape. Biking is an enjoyable way to explore the park. With about 20km of paved trails along the Merced River under sugar pines and a flat valley floor, it’s easy to ride. Just be prepared to stop often to photograph the beautiful waterfalls. As you bicycle, the sound of rushing water and the smell of pine trees will accompany you. For those who want a more absorbing experience, consider renting an e-bike to cover more ground with less effort. Since Yosemite’s water flows into San Francisco Bay, kayaking is a perfect addition to your trip. City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront or guided half-day tours to landmarks like Alcatraz or the Golden Gate Bridge. Sail through the bay’s calm waters, spotting seals and seabirds along the way. 5．Why are John Muir’s words quoted? A．To stress Yosemite’s long-standing appeal. B．To prove his status as a famous naturalist. C．To show the origin of the National Park Service. D．To introduce his exploration of California. 6．What should visitors do before climbing Sentinel Dome? A．Rent climbing equipment. B．Take a local guide. C．Check trail conditions. D．Wear warm clothes. 7．What is “kayaking”, mentioned in the last paragraph? A．A tourist attraction. B．A water sport. C．A rental service. D．A guided tour. 8．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Yosemite: Journey with Trails, Waterfalls, and Beyond B．Yosemite National Park: Discovering Hidden Beauties C．Yosemite: Where Nature’s Call Invites Adventure D．Yosemite National Park: Harmony of Scenery and Thrills Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽黄山·期末）Crows (乌鸦) can use tools and perform basic statistics, and they continue to surprise us. Earlier this year, a team of researchers from the University of Bristol found that the hooded crow, which has a grey body and black tail and head feathers (羽毛), is able to memorize the shape and size of an object after it is taken away and construct one like it. This kind of action requires the ability to form a mental template, which is basically an image in the mind of what a particular object looks like, even when that object is not present. Mental templates allow animals to create tools, which can be used to get food or make a stronger nest, both eventually leading to a better chance of survival. For their study, Sarah Jelbert and her coworkers first trained three hooded crows to recognize pieces of paper of different sizes and colors. To do this, they exposed the birds to “template” pieces of paper in different colors and sizes for several minutes before removing them and then rewarded the birds for dropping small pieces that matched these templates into a long narrow opening. The crows were next given the opportunity to make versions of these objects in exchange for a reward. The researchers found that all three crows made objects that matched the original template object they had been rewarded for in both color and size. “Unlike humans, who regularly copy each other’s behavior, we don’t have much evidence that crows will watch each other and copy what another crow is doing,” Jelbert says. However, young crows often steal their parents’ tools. So it’s possible that these crows learn how to make different types of tools from experience, stealing their parents’ tools, using them to remember what these tools look like, and then trying to create something similar, Jelbert believes. 9．Which of the following best illustrates a mental template? A．A monkey swinging from branch to branch. B．A cat getting back the food it hid. C．A crow sleeping in its nest. D．A dog playing with a ball. 10．What did the crows do in the study? A．They performed basic statistics. B．They were trained to do magic tricks. C．They matched and reproduced objects. D．They observed and copied one another. 11．What can we infer from young crows’ stealing incidents? A．These are social motivations. B．They may fall into an annoying habit. C．They come into conflict with their parents. D．These are opportunities for acquiring skills. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Crows communicate in a unique language B．Hooded crows use more tools than other birds C．Crows are even smarter than we thought D．Hooded crows identify sizes and colors with ease 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末）You spend a third of your life asleep, a certain part of which involves dreaming. But most often, you don’t remember any of your dreams. While the exact reason of why we can hardly recall our dreams is not fully known, scientists have gotten some insight into memory processes during sleep, leading to several ideas that may explain our forgetfulness. You are awake, but is your hippocampus (海马体) awake? When we fall asleep, not all the brain’s regions go offline at the same time. Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in the brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory. “If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very well be the last to wake up,” said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,” Andrillon told Live Science. While this might explain why dream memories are so fleeting, it doesn’t mean that your hippocampus has been inactive throughout the night. In fact, this region is quite active during sleep, and appears to be storing and caring for existing memories to strengthen them, instead of listening for incoming new experiences. Sometimes your dreams are just not memorable? Do you remember what you were thinking about this morning when brushing your teeth? Our minds wander all the time, but we get rid of most of those thoughts as unimportant information. Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember. But dreams that are more vivid, emotional and coherent (连贯的) seem to be better remembered-perhaps because they cause more awakening, and their organized story makes them easier to store. If you are interested in improving your dream recall, there are a few tricks to try. One is drinking water before bed, because it will make you wake up at night to use the bathroom. These middle-of-the-night awakenings are frequently accompanied by dream recall. Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile (脆弱的) dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory. 1．You can’t remember your dreams when you wake up probably because ______. A．you are forgetful and poor in remembering things. B．your dreams are vivid, emotional and coherent. C．your brain needs to start up to move dreams into long-term memory D．your hippocampus is active in receiving new information 2．What can we learn about dreams from the passage? A．Dreaming means processing memory during sleeping. B．Dreams come from your hippocampus. C．We need special trainings to recall our dreams. D．Dreams are sometimes useless for us to remember. 3．Which of the following CANNOT help you to recall a dream? A．Improve the ability of your hippocampus to catch up information. B．Keep reminding yourself of the need to remember your dreams. C．Record what you can remember in your dreams upon awakening. D．Think back on the things in your dreams directly after you wake up. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Train Your Brain to Remember Dreams. B．The Mystery of Dreaming: Why We Forget Our Dreams. C．The Role of the Hippocampus in Sleep and Memory. D．Dreams and Daydreams: Useless or Meaningful?. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江·期末）An international team led by researchers from the University of Adelaide and the University of Copenhagen reconstructed an 11,700-year ecological baseline for bowhead whales, which are a threatened Arctic native species. Using computer models, fossils, and hunting records, the team mapped the location and size of suitable summer foraging habitat (觅食栖息地) for bowhead whales, finding that until recently it had remained nearly unchanged. However, they predict (预测) that future climate change will destroy 65—75 percent of this foraging habitat by the end of the 21st century. In the Sea of Okhotsk, which is home to one of only four populations of bowhead whales, usable summer habitat is likely to vanish entirely by 2060. The reason for the reduction is the breakup of a close relationship between bowhead whales and summer sea ice cover. “Bowhead whales have preferred to forage among sea ice for thousands of years,” said lead author Nicholas Freymueller. “However, Arctic sea ice has become less in recent decades, and this is set to be worse in coming decades, causing where bowhead whales currently gather in large numbers to be lost.” The team also found that the few areas of suitable bowhead habitat predicted to remain in the year 2100 will exist outside their current distribution (分布), directly affecting protection policies. “By identifying the extent and location of bowhead whale habitat that is likely to be lost in coming decades, we provide important information to guide future management efforts of this species,” said Professor Eline Lorenzen. Bowhead whales are still recovering from four centuries of hunting. “By using ecological models and historical records to reconstruct pre-hunting distributions of bowhead whales, we were able to develop a much stronger understanding of the habitat preferences of this species that was nearly hunted to extinction. This is of great importance because the ongoing threats they face are reflective of what other Arctic species face because of climate change,” said senior author Damien Fordham. 5．What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Approach. B．Disappear. C．Recover. D．Spread. 6．What is Nicholas Freymueller trying to do in paragraph 3? A．To share a suggestion. B．To make a summary. C．To give an explanation. D．To show an expectation. 7．Why does Damien Fordham consider studying bowhead whales important? A．It offers a solution to whale hunting. B．It enables their competitors to avoid them. C．It allows them to search for suitable habitat. D．It helps to learn about threats to other species. 8．What does the text focus on? A．Ecological models and historical records. B．Summer sea ice cover and frequent hunting. C．Arctic native species and protection policies. D．Climate change and bowhead whales’ habitat. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·福建泉州·期末）In today’s education, strong writing skills are important for academic and career success. Tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly streamline writing by fixing grammar or coming up with ideas. However, overusing AI raises a heated discussion: Does depending too much on AI tools harm students’ ability to think independently and write creatively? A recent study by researchers Eva and Afief observed fifty students over several weeks. They found that 80% used Grammarly for grammar correction, and all depended on ChatGPT for inspiration. Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. One admitted, “QuillBot changes my sentences, but it makes my ideas feel less unique — like the tool is doing the thinking for me.” This shows AI tools may value efficiency more than creativity. AI tools operate based on fixed algorithms (算法), which encourage pattern-following rather than creative problem-solving. Eva noted, “Good writing often involves breaking rules or exploring unique ideas — something AI cannot do.” Overusing AI prevents students from practicing basic skills like idea generation (生成), organization, and self-editing. As a result, their writing may be short of depth, originality, or logical (逻辑的) flow-qualities important for academic and professional success. Another limitation is AI’s struggle with deeper writing error, such as weak logic. For example, 60% of students used Story AI for story ideas but complained the plots were “too simple” and short of detail. Moreover, since AI doesn’t teach analysis, students risk copying content without understanding it. As researcher Afief warned, “Students might copy AI-generated content without fully understanding it, which undermines both honesty and learning.” To handle this, teachers should ensure that students master basic writing skills, including grammar, logic, and critical thinking, before turning to AI. They should guide students to use AI as an assistant, not a replacement. For instance, students could use ChatGPT for ideas but develop them through personal analysis. While AI offers benefits, overuse may risk damaging students’ critical thinking and creativity. The goal is to use AI wisely: as a tool to support, not to replace, original writing. 9．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The study result. B．Grammar correction. C．The power of AI. D．Writing speed. 10．How does AI impact students? A．It helps improve basic skills. B．It affects their academic choices. C．It limits their originality. D．It aids in problem-solving. 11．What does the underlined word “undermines” mean in paragraph 4? A．Develops. B．Weakens. C．Values. D．Discovers. 12．What are educators advised to do? A．Apply AI in teaching writing skills. B．Ignore the impact of AI on creativity. C．Use AI to develop personal analysis. D．Offer students guidance before using AI. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·甘肃张掖·期末）Some of the first human beings arriving in Tasmania, over 41,000 years ago, used fire to shape and manage the sight, about 2,000 years earlier than previously thought. A team of researchers from the UK and Australia analysed charcoal and pollen (木炭和花粉) contained in ancient mud (泥) to determine how Aboriginal Tasmanians (塔斯马尼亚原住民) shaped their surroundings. This is the earliest record of humans using fire to shape the Tasmanian environment. “Australia is home to the world’s oldest Indigenous (土著) culture, which has existed for over 50,000 years,” said Dr Matthew Adeleye from the study’s lead author. “Earlier studies have shown that Aboriginal communities on the Australian mainland used fire to shape their homes, but we haven’t had similarly detailed environmental records for Tasmania.” The researchers studied ancient mud taken from islands in the Bass Strait. Analysis of the ancient mud showed a sudden increase in charcoal around 41,600 years ago, followed by a major change in ground cover about 40,000 years ago. The change was showed by different types of pollen in the mud. “This suggests these early people were clearing forests by burning them, in order to create open spaces for survival and perhaps cultural activities,” said Adeleye. “Fire is an important tool, and it would have been used to promote the type of plant cover or sight that was important to them.” Burning practices are still practised today by Aboriginal communities in Australia, including for sight management and cultural activities. However, using this type of burning, known as cultural burning, for managing severe wildfires in Australia remains contentious (争议的). The researchers say understanding this ancient land management practice could help renew pre-colonial sights. “These early Tasmanian communities were the island’s first land managers,” said Adeleye. “If we’re going to protect Tasmanian and Australian sights for future generations, it’s important that we listen to and learn from Indigenous communities who are calling for a greater role in helping to manage Australian sights into the future.” 1．What was the new discovery about the first human beings in Tasmania? A．They used fire to manage the environment earlier than thought. B．They used fire 2,000 years later than thought. C．They lived in Tasmania for over 50,000 years. D．They came from the Australian mainland. 2．What was the purpose of the early Tasmanians’ burning forests? A．To hunt animals more easily. B．To build more houses. C．To make the environment more beautiful. D．To create spaces for living and activities. 3．What can be inferred about the Aboriginal communities now? A．They invent some special cultural activities. B．They keep the tradition of cultural burning alive. C．They cause serious wildfires in Australia. D．They are struggling to survive. 4．What is Adeleye’s attitude towards the research in the text? A．Uninterested. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·四川成都·期末）The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are becoming clear. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve (进化) in reaction to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall dropped, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost weight in great amounts, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors are able to show the significant effects of climate change on local birds. They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds. 5．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They show unique behaviors. B．They are ecological health indicators. C．They are in danger of extinction. D．They have evolved in reaction to warming. 6．What can we learn from the new study? A．About 33% species evolved longer wings. B．36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year. C．The climate in the Amazon becomes hotter and wetter. D．The study focused on migratory species in the Amazon. 7．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Put off. B．Give off. C．Put away. D．Give away. 8．What would probably the researchers further study? A．The impact of climate change on birds. B．The reason for the loss of bird’s weight. C．The reason for smaller animals to keep cool. D．The advantage of the change in birds’ wing length. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末）Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. As leaves fall, snow sweeps in or flowers blossom, humans change in measurable ways, too. Research suggests that emotions, eating habits, and even favorite colors vary across the year. And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA shows how moral values can also change. For the study, researchers examined over 230,000 online surveys collected over ten years, mainly from Americans, with smaller groups in Canada, Australia, and the U.K.. The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundations theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two—care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights. One explanation for seasonal changes could be anxiety. Data from 90,000 surveys and internet searches indicate that anxiety peaks in spring and autumn. Psychologist Brian O’ Shea explains, “Anxiety makes people feel threatened, leading them to distrust outsiders and seek safety within their own groups.” These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. Lead researcher Ian Hohm agrees the pattern doesn’t affect everyone equally, but notes that the study shows how seasons influence human psychology. “Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement. 9．What is the possible impact of anxiety during stressful seasons? A．Threatening safety of outsiders. B．Promoting respect for moral rules. C．Increasing focus on personal rights. D．Influencing social decision-making. 10．What does the underlined word “marginalized” in  Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Respected. B．Disadvantaged. C．Educated. D．Disabled. 11．What is Norman’s attitude toward seasonal impact on human behavior? A．Curious. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Reserved. 12．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Seasons and Morality: How Nature’s Rhythms Shape Moral Values B．Seasonal Changes: How They Affect People’s Anxiety Levels C．Humans as Seasonal Beings: The Impact of Mood on Actions D．Moral Foundation Theory: Five Core Values in Human Behavior Passage 4 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Dilly Dally, a female loggerhead turtle who survived a run-in with a predator (捕食者) that cost her a front flipper (鳍肢), has been released from a Florida animal hospital back into the Atlantic Ocean. Dilly Dally, an adolescent loggerhead, first arrived at the Loggerhead Marinelife Center (LMC) in January after being attacked. Three weeks later, she went under the knife to remove the damaged flipper. Despite a few wound complications during her five-month stay at the hospital, Dilly Dally now joins fellow recovered loggerheads, Falafel and Scout, in their return to the wild. Dilly Dally, like other turtles treated and re-released by the LMC, will be tracked via satellite attached to her shell to chart her movements and monitor her adaptation to living in the wild. Organizations like the LMC help protect sea turtles like loggerheads, in the face of ongoing threats to the shrinking population — about 6.5 million. Worldwide, the animals and their eggs face the threat of illegal hunting, accidental catching and habitat damage. The World Wildlife Fund reports three of seven sea turtle species are endangered, including two that are listed as critically endangered. A 2023 study found “flipper amputation (截肢) is a well-known phenomenon in sea turtles,” and the creatures are able to recover well and relearn to swim. The paper concluded that among sea turtles who had suffered amputations, adult females were able to swim ashore in order to nest, but the damaged flippers put them at greater risk from land-based threats during the process. Dilly Dally is now swimming in the calm waves near the western coast of Florida, exploring the lively ocean world. Fans who want to learn about Dilly Dally and other sea turtles’ movements, can virtually follow her journey www.marinelife.mapotic.com. 13．Why is the satellite attached to Dilly Dally’ s shell? A．To measure ocean temperature and water quality. B．To prevent the turtle from being caught accidentally. C．To record her locations and observe her adaptation to the wild. D．To ensure she receives necessary medical treatment after release. 14．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Sea turtles face several threats. B．LMC mainly treats injured turtles. C．6.5 million sea turtles live in the wild. D．Loggerheads are the most endangered. 15．Why are adult female sea turtles mentioned in the 2023 study? A．To prove they recover faster from amputations. B．To show they are more likely to lose flippers. C．To suggest they need more medical attention. D．To stress they face higher risks when nesting. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．LMC’ s Sea Turtle Rescue Work B．Survival of a Loggerhead Turtle C．Dilly Dally’ s Journey back to the Ocean D．Sea Turtles Under Threat and Recovery 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）On January 22, international researchers shared a significant finding in the scientific journal Nature. They discovered bursts of energy in an unexpected part of space, which they named “chorus waves”. These waves got their name because they vibrate (震动) at the same rates as the sounds we can hear. When changed into hearable signals, they sound just like birds chirping (鸣叫) cheerfully. Scientists have been aware of chorus waves in space for years. However, the latest study brought a big surprise. The researchers found that these waves exist as far as 100,000 kilometers away from Earth. This is the greatest distance at which chorus waves have ever been detected from a planet. Chengming Liu, a study writer from Beihang University, stated in an email, “Chorus waves are one of the strongest and most significant waves in space.” Allison Jaynes, a space physicist not participating in this study, commented, “This opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.” The newfound chorus waves were detected in an area where Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field extends. Scientists didn’t expect to find them there. Now, they’re eager to figure out how these unique waves form. Jaynes added, “We surely need to find more of these events.” Scientists still are not sure how chorus waves develop, but they believe Earth’s magnetic field is related to it. In the past, radio antennas (天线) detected chorus waves. For example, in the 1960s, an Antarctic research station picked them up. NASA’s Van Allen Probes also heard the chirping sounds, but from a closer distance. The most recent chorus waves were detected by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites, which were sent into space in 2015 to study Earth and the sun’s magnetic fields. Chorus waves have also been found near other planets including Jupiter and Saturn. The waves can produce high-energy electrons. That means they can be a danger to satellite communications. The researchers said their findings suggest that chorus waves might be found everywhere in the magnetic fields of planets. 13．What makes chorus waves get their name? A．The place where they are first discovered. B．Their vibration rates like hearable sounds. C．The way they affect satellite signals. D．Their movement speed in space. 14．What can be inferred from the scientists’ comments? A．Further research is crucial. B．Wave creation is clear. C．Discoveries lack importance. D．Waves pose satellite risks. 15．Which detected the chorus waves at the greatest distance from Earth? A．NASA’s Van Allen Probes. B．Scientists from Beihang University. C．An Antarctic research station in the 1960s. D．NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. 16．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Naming Story of Chorus Waves B．Chorus Waves: A New Threat to Satellites C．Revealing the Mysteries of Chorus Waves D．Scientists’ Great Debate on Chorus Waves Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽黄山·期末）Most highly skilled fields have rude names for beginners. And yet there has never been a better time to be a beginner. Learning platforms such as Coursera, Skillshare and Duolingo sell you an experience that you can fit around your busy life, achieving mastery in a short time. In this book Beginners, Tom Vanderbilt joins the growing army of beginners. Stuck in mid-career growth, he decides to spend a year learning new skills. He hires a singing teacher and joins the Britpop Choir. He takes up drawing, then surfing. He learns to juggle (玩杂耍). With the help of a jeweler, he even makes his own wedding ring. None of these attempts turn into life-changing passions. They are simply done for fun. The motivation behind all this comes from Vanderbilt’s experience of parenthood, which can only be learned in the doing of it. All parents are beginners, and beginner teachers, clumsily (笨拙地) passing on knowledge to their children. As he watches his daughter effortlessly pick up how to swim or play chess, Vanderbilt worries that he has left it too late. “It’s hard to be old and bad at something,” as a friend, returning to swimming in middle age, puts it. Luckily, he achieves satisfying results with relatively little painful effort. People appreciate his inexpert but improved singing because most people can’t sing very well. The title of one academic paper he cites — “Imprecise singing is widespread” — says it all. The acid (讽刺的) test is “Happy Birthday”, the most familiar song in the language and yet not easy to sing because it spans (跨越) an octave (八度音阶) and moves up and down it dramatically. In a world where apps constantly rate us and measure our performance, so that learning anything becomes another form of work, we should enjoy the process more and worry less about the product. All Vanderbilt achieves in the end is a basic skill in various unrelated activities. But it has brought him “an enormous and almost forgotten kind of pleasure”. This book conveys that pleasure and is itself a pleasure to read. 17．What motivates Vanderbilt’s passion for learning new skills? A．His friend’s swimming comeback. B．His experience of being a parent. C．His daughter’s advice on trying new things. D．His hope for changing the views of beginners. 18．Why does the author mention the song “Happy Birthday”? A．To indicate the importance of repetition in singing. B．To draw attention to its popularity around the world. C．To prove its effectiveness in testing musical memory. D．To show the difficulty in singing even well-known songs well. 19．What does the author stress in the last paragraph? A．The need to master various unrelated skills. B．The pleasure obtained from reading a book. C．The importance of enjoying the learning process. D．The significance of gaining recognition for one’s efforts. 20．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A career guide. D．A research article. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）NASA’s Lunar Flashlight (the CubeSat), a small satellite, was launched on Dec. 11, 2022 to demonstrate (演示) several new technologies, with the goal to map ice near the Moon’s South Pole. Since then, the briefcase-size satellite’s propulsion (推进) system — the first of its kind ever flown — proved unable to generate enough force to get into lunar orbit, despite months of effort by the operations team. Because the CubeSat cannot complete operations to stay in the Earth-Moon system, NASA has called an end to the mission. NASA relies on technology demonstrations to fill specific knowledge gaps and to test new technologies. Used for the first time beyond Earth’s orbit, Lunar Flashlight’s propulsion system and green fuel were such demonstrations. Although the propulsion system was unable to produce the desired force, the newly developed propulsion system components went beyond performance expectations. “Technology demonstrations are, by their nature, high risk and high reward, and they’re essential for NASA to test and learn,” said Christopher Baker, the program executive. “Lunar Flashlight was successful from the standpoint of being a test bed for new systems that had never flown in space before. Those systems, and the lessons Lunar Flashlight taught us, will be used for future missions.” The mission’s four-laser reflectometer, a science instrument that had never flown before, either, also tested successfully, giving the mission’s science team confidence that the laser would have been able to detect ice if it were present at the lunar surface. “It’s disappointing for the science team, and for the whole Lunar Flashlight team, that we won’t be able to use our laser reflectometer to make measurements on the Moon,” said Barbara Cohen, the mission’s principal investigator: “But like all the other systems, we collected a lot of in-flight performance data on the instrument that will be incredibly valuable to future application of this technique.” 21．What is the goal of the CubeSat? A．To get into lunar orbit. B．To seek out ice on the Moon. C．To obtain green energy. D．To test the propulsion system. 22．Why did NASA end the mission? A．The team lost its contact. B．The system ran out of fuel. C．The target was achieved. D．The satellite was in trouble. 23．What are paragraph 2 & 3 mainly about? A．Lunar Flashlight’s future is uncertain. B．Lunar Flashlight presents a major risk. C．Lunar Flashlight is of great significance. D．Lunar Flashlight enjoys an all-round success. 24．What is Barbara Cohen’s attitude toward the mission? A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Cautious. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延边·期末）2024 marks an exciting year for space exploration, with NASA’s Europa Clipper mission leading the way. This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system. Europa, covered in a thick layer of ice, is believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean (a liquid water layer beneath its icy surface) larger than Earth’s oceans combined. Scientists think this ocean could have the right conditions for life: water, energy (from tidal forces), and maybe even organic molecules (the building blocks of life). The Europa Clipper carries advanced tools to study Europa’s ice and ocean. One key instrument is a radar that can “see” through the ice, mapping the thickness of the frozen layer and detecting cracks where water might erupt onto the surface. Another tool will analyze gases and particles released during these “cryovolcanic” eruptions (eruptions of water, not lava) to check for organic compounds. Early data from the mission already suggests that Europa’s ice may have “chaos regions” — areas where the ice is cracked and mixed with liquid water — making it easier for organic materials to rise to the surface. While no direct evidence of life has been found yet, the Europa Clipper is laying the groundwork for future missions. If organic molecules are confirmed, it could mean Europa’s ocean is a habitable world — even if we don’t find actual life there, it would be a major step toward answering the question: “Are we alone in the universe?” 13．What is the main goal of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission? A．To land humans on Jupiter. B．To collect samples of Jupiter’s atmosphere. C．To study Europa’s icy surface and search for signs of habitability. D．To map the orbits of all Jupiter’s moons. 14．What does the underlined word “subsurface” in para.2 probably mean? A．Above ground. B．Under the ice. C．In the atmosphere. D．Between planets. 15．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of Jupiter exploration. B．New discoveries about Europa’s surface from the Europa Clipper. C．How to build a spacecraft for deep space missions. D．Why Mars is no longer a focus of space research. 16．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Europa Clipper mission? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide-ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities — such as football, basketball, or hockey — specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social-emotional skills. A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities. The changing, unpredictable nature of a team game requires quick decision-making, strategic responses to opponents, and controlling immediate reactions — activities that effectively exercise the brain’s prefrontal cortex.   Moreover, the cooperative structure of team sports acts as a powerful practice field for complex social situations. Players must handle different roles, communicate under pressure, discuss strategies, and deal with both team conflicts and losses. This constant experience in a small “society” develops higher emotional intelligence, including understanding others’ feelings, seeing from different viewpoints, and recovering from group disappointments. The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in-group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence. Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities. In an age of digital communication and often weakened community connections, the purposeful, physical cooperation required by team sports offers an irreplaceable training space for the mental flexibility and social skills needed today. 17．What is the main point the passage makes about team sports? A．They are better than all other exercises for controlling teenagers’ weight. B．They offer special mental and social benefits that individual exercise doesn’t. C．Their main value is finding and developing top sports talent for a community. D．Science has directly proven that they greatly improve school exam results. 18．According to the study mentioned, what specific area did team sports players improve in? A．Basic physical strength and muscle stamina. B．Mental control abilities like thinking flexibility. C．Basic math calculation speed and correctness. D．Ability to remember facts and skills for a long time. 19．How does the passage say team sports work as a “buffer” for teenagers? A．By ensuring they always win in competitions. B．By offering money for school and future job chances. C．By building strong group unity and a feeling of belonging. D．By cutting down the time needed for schoolwork. 20．What factor does the passage say affects how much psychological benefit team sports provide? A．The price and exclusivity level of the sports equipment used. B．The geographic location and weather conditions for the sport. C．The current popularity and media attention the sport gets. D．The coaching quality and focus on improvement over winning. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·新疆阿克苏·期末）In China, a new way of shopping is becoming popular. Young people may say no to a 20-yuan coffee but happily pay over 200 yuan for a soft toy shaped like a coffee cup. They care more about the emotional value it brings than its practical use. A special shop in Shanghai is getting lots of attention. It doesn’t sell real coffee. Instead, the shop sells soft toys looking like products and desserts in a coffee shop. The workers pretend (假装) to “make” the toys by adding “sugar” and “cream” before packing them, making the shopping experience fun and special. Studies show prices for soft toys are going up. Those born between 1990 and 2010 have become the main buyer group in the soft toy market. When life gets hard, these toys help them feel happier. Han Yufei, a 27-year-old from Beijing, says, “Many of us didn’t have brothers or sisters, so soft toys were our childhood friends. We still love them as adults.” She has kept a panda toy since she was seven — it went to school with her and even moved with her when she got a job. On the Internet, young people share photos of their soft toys going everywhere with them — to meals, work and trips. Some even make special Internet pages just for their toys. It’s clear these toys mean a lot to young people today. 21．What do young people care more about when buying something according to Paragraph 1? A．Its price. B．Its popularity. C．Its practical use. D．Its emotional value. 22．What can people do in the coffee-themed shop? A．Try different desserts. B．Buy some soft toys. C．Enjoy a cup of free coffee. D．Make coffee by themselves. 23．Why do some young people value their soft toys so much? A．Because they have few friends. B．Because the toys are very expensive. C．Because they see the toys as friends. D．Because the toys remind them of their friends. 24．What is the best title for the passage? A．Success of a Coffee-Themed Shop. B．Young hearts Warmed by Soft Toys. C．Childhood Toys Brought Back to Life. D．High Cost of Young People’s Daily Life. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末）The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest man-made river in the world. Starting in the capital Beijing, it passes through several provinces, linking China’s five main river basins (流域). The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BC, when it offered an important means of transportation and supply of food to the population. From ancient to modern times, the Grand Canal has been contributing to the country’s development. It represents the wisdom and determination of the Chinese people. In 2014, the Grand Canal was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. China has taken many measures to protect and develop the Grand Canal and the areas around it. The construction of cultural and ecological (生态的) parks along the canal is one of the most important elements of protective measures. The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, located in Tongzhou, is one of the city’s popular tourist spots. The Grand Canal Forest Park was built along its shores, featuring deep forests and beds of flowers. Visitors enjoy camping, cycling and boat trips there, taking a vacation away from the fast pace of city life. Dezhou City is also taking advantage of the canal. Over the past 20 years, the city has insisted on non-commercial development on both sides of this section of the Grand Canal. The city has turned unused areas into gardens, and wastelands into wetlands along the riverbank—a series of measures aimed at restoring the original appearance of the canal. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has continued to serve as a link between northern and southern China. It also further promotes the economic, agricultural and ecological development of the cities and towns along its banks. 17．What can we learn about the Grand Canal? A．It connects five large provinces. B．It was completed in the 5th century. C．It used to be an tourist route. D．It shows great qualities of Chinese. 18．What do the protection measures for the Grand Canal mainly focus on? A．Transportation and environment. B．Culture and ecology. C．Commercialization and innovation. D．Tourism and economy. 19．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us about the Grand Canal? A．Its development. B．Its bright future. C．Its significant role. D．Its historical value. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Grand Canal: the Longest Man-made Project B．The Grand Canal: Bridge Linking Northern, Southern China C．The Grand Canal: Non-commercial Development Needed D．The Grand Canal: Transportation Function to Be Restored Passage 2 （24-25高一下·福建漳州·期末）Beavers are famous for building dams out of trees and branches that they cut with their powerful front teeth. The animals also use grass, stones and mud to make these structures stronger. But why do they do so? Simply put, beavers build dams to stay safe, which is particularly challenging because of their clumsy (笨拙的) body shape and movements. “Beavers are 18 to 36 kilograms of meat with really short legs,” says fisheries biologist Chris Jordan. This makes them easy targets for predators (捕食者). “When beavers are on land, they’re so clumsy, like big chickens walking around that any predator would love to have for a meal,” says another scientist Emily Fairfax. “But when they’re in the water, they’re almost invincible. They’re excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for 10 to 15 minutes. By building a dam, they create a pond(池塘), and that pond is their safety zone.” These ponds are deep enough for beavers to hide from predators such as mountain lions, bears and wolves. Dams can also flood areas to bring them closer to their main food sources, which include bark and leaves from trees and other plants. Although dams protect beavers, they do not live inside them. Instead, they often live in oven-shaped lodges made of sticks, grass and other materials, in families of five on average. Interestingly, beaver dams benefit not only their creators, but many other species as well. “Beaver dams help slow down water and keep it on the landscape longer,” says Fairfax. “This turns simple streams into thriving wetlands. The amount of food and water available there makes them ideal habitats for many different species. That’s one reason why beavers are a keystone species.” Therefore, restoring beavers to their original habitats can help reduce the effects of climate change and benefit their ecosystems. There, their dams slow down the flow of water, and some of it is stored in the ground. This means that plant roots have access to water even during droughts, which helps to keep vegetation lush (植被繁茂). As such, the dams can bear heat. It is inspiring to see how well beavers are able to survive in a changing climate and do some of the climate change adaptation work that humans have been trying to do. 21．Why do beavers build dams according to the text? A．To get away from heat. B．To practice swimming. C．To make their teeth powerful. D．To escape from being attacked. 22．What does the underlined word “invincible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unconquerable. B．Independent. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. 23．What’s the benefit of beavers’ dams? A．Increasing the population of beavers. B．Improving the climate in the region. C．Giving more living places to beavers. D．Supporting the survival of various species. 24．What’s the author’s attitude to beavers’ work? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Uninterested. D．Unclear. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·四川宜宾·期末）The African Children’s Choir (合唱团) is made up of children who are 7 to 10 years old from Africa. They have incredible voices and spirit that amaze the audience everywhere they go! And they go to a lot of places, all around the world. And not only do they travel a lot, but they perform with some superstar singers and celebrities for heads of state. But this is not what makes the choir so special. Like New York’s PS22, they do not just sing, but truly put their hearts, souls and bodies into their words. But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty. For example, the kids in the choir are mostly from the poorest countries in the world. Many children live in one-room homes and walk more than 2 miles to get water for their family. Most of the children have lost one or both of their parents because of wars or diseases. Through its music and education, the African Children’s Choir changes the lives of its children. It allows them to see the world. It gives them hope and confidence. It shows them that everything is possible. The choir even pays for their education through college. In 30 years, it has educated and changed the lives of over 50, 000 children. And, in turn, the children return to their hometowns with new thoughts and new skills to help improve their family and community. These children are truly helping to build a better Africa. 1．What is special about the choir? A．Its positive influence on poor children. B．Performing together with famous people. C．Its members truly putting their hearts into words. D．Its members focusing on singing beautiful songs. 2．What can we learn about the members of the African Children’s Choir? A．They have no parent. B．They are all ten years old. C．Many of them live a hard life. D．Some of them come from PS22. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．The African Children’s Choir makes a lot of money. B．The African Children’s Choir has become very popular. C．The African Children’s Choir is very helpful to its members. D．The African Children’s Choir helps 50,000 children go to college. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell an inspiring story. B．To advertise some choirs. C．To introduce a special choir. D．To encourage us to help African children. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲儿童合唱团，该合唱团由来自非洲的7到10岁儿童组成，他们不仅歌声动人，更重要的是合唱团为身处极端贫困中的孩子们提供了希望、教育与信心，改变了数万名孩子的人生，助力他们建设更好的非洲。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty.(但这个合唱团的独特之处在于，它为生活在极端贫困中的孩子们提供了希望、教育和信心)”可知，这个合唱团的特别之处在于它对贫困儿童产生的积极影响。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“For example, the kids in the choir are mostly from the poorest countries in the world. Many children live in one-room homes and walk more than 2 miles to get water for their family. Most of the children have lost one or both of their parents because of wars or diseases.(例如，合唱团的孩子们大多来自世界上最贫穷的国家。许多孩子住在单间房屋里，要步行两英里多为家人取水。大多数孩子因战争或疾病失去了单亲或双亲)”可知，合唱团的许多成员过着艰苦的生活。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Through its music and education, the African Children’s Choir changes the lives of its children. It allows them to see the world. It gives them hope and confidence. It shows them that everything is possible. The choir even pays for their education through college.(通过音乐和教育，非洲儿童合唱团改变了孩子们的生活。它让他们看到世界，给予他们希望和信心，让他们明白一切皆有可能。合唱团甚至为他们支付大学教育费用)”可知，非洲儿童合唱团通过音乐和教育改变了孩子们的生活，让他们看到世界，给予他们希望和信心，让他们明白一切皆有可能，可推理出非洲儿童合唱团对其成员非常有帮助。故选C项。 4．推理判断题题。根据第一段“The African Children’s Choir (合唱团) is made up of children who are 7 to 10 years old from Africa. They have incredible voices and spirit that amaze the audience everywhere they go!( 非洲儿童合唱团由来自非洲、年龄在7至10岁的孩子们组成。他们拥有令人惊叹的嗓音与精神风貌，所到之处总能让观众为之震撼)”、第三段“But what is unique about the choir is that it offers hope, education and confidence to children who live in extreme poverty.(但这个合唱团的独特之处在于，它为生活在极端贫困中的孩子们提供了希望、教育和信心)”等内容可知，文章介绍了非洲儿童合唱团的成员构成和特点，说明其演出经历，介绍了其独特之处，最后讲述合唱团对孩子们的积极影响。由此可推理出，本文的写作目的是介绍一个特别的合唱团。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末）John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today. Yosemite attracts climbers and BASE jumpers, but there are plenty of fun activities on the ground. Sentinel Dome, a short yet steep climb, offers a breath taking 2,500-meter-high view. At the peak, you’ll be greeted by a 360-degree view of Yosemite’s famous spots. Half Dome’s sheer rock face stands grandly, while El Capitan, a hotspot for rock climbers, towers in the distance. Yosemite Falls rushes down the cliffs, creating a misty rainbow on sunny days. For an extended adventure, head to Taft Point. The cliffside views here are breathtaking, but remember to stay on marked paths for safety. Before setting out, it’s quite necessary to check the National Park Service’s official website for trail (线路) conditions, as weather can quickly change the landscape. Biking is an enjoyable way to explore the park. With about 20km of paved trails along the Merced River under sugar pines and a flat valley floor, it’s easy to ride. Just be prepared to stop often to photograph the beautiful waterfalls. As you bicycle, the sound of rushing water and the smell of pine trees will accompany you. For those who want a more absorbing experience, consider renting an e-bike to cover more ground with less effort. Since Yosemite’s water flows into San Francisco Bay, kayaking is a perfect addition to your trip. City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront or guided half-day tours to landmarks like Alcatraz or the Golden Gate Bridge. Sail through the bay’s calm waters, spotting seals and seabirds along the way. 5．Why are John Muir’s words quoted? A．To stress Yosemite’s long-standing appeal. B．To prove his status as a famous naturalist. C．To show the origin of the National Park Service. D．To introduce his exploration of California. 6．What should visitors do before climbing Sentinel Dome? A．Rent climbing equipment. B．Take a local guide. C．Check trail conditions. D．Wear warm clothes. 7．What is “kayaking”, mentioned in the last paragraph? A．A tourist attraction. B．A water sport. C．A rental service. D．A guided tour. 8．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Yosemite: Journey with Trails, Waterfalls, and Beyond B．Yosemite National Park: Discovering Hidden Beauties C．Yosemite: Where Nature’s Call Invites Adventure D．Yosemite National Park: Harmony of Scenery and Thrills 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了优胜美地国家公园的吸引力、园内的活动项目如登山、骑行、皮划艇等，强调其能带来冒险体验。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today.(约翰·缪尔1873年写给他妹妹的信中，描述优胜美地山谷时给出了经典台词‘群山在召唤，我必须前往’。这句话此后成为了冒险家的座右铭，而优胜美地本身在一个世纪前激发了国家公园管理局的创立，并且至今仍吸引着游客)”可知，引用约翰·缪尔对优胜美地山谷的描述是为强调优胜美地长久以来对人们的吸引力。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Before setting out, it’s quite necessary to check the National Park Service’s official website for trail (线路) conditions, as weather can quickly change the landscape.(出发前，很有必要查看国家公园管理局的官方网站了解线路状况，因为天气会迅速改变地貌)”可知，在攀登哨兵穹顶之前，游客应该查看线路状况。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Since Yosemite’s water flows into San Francisco Bay, kayaking is a perfect addition to your trip. City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront or guided half-day tours to landmarks like Alcatraz or the Golden Gate Bridge.(由于优胜美地的水流入旧金山湾，kayaking是你旅行的完美补充。城市皮划艇公司提供按小时租赁服务，可在海滨快速划行，也有前往恶魔岛或金门大桥等地标景点的半天导游之旅)”中“City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront”可推知，kayaking是一种在水上进行的活动，是一种水上运动。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today.(约翰·缪尔1873年写给他妹妹的信中，描述优胜美地山谷时给出了经典台词‘群山在召唤，我必须前往’。这句话此后成为了冒险家的座右铭，而优胜美地本身在一个世纪前激发了国家公园管理局的创立，并且至今仍吸引着游客)”以及后文对在优胜美地进行登山、骑行、皮划艇等冒险活动的介绍，可知文章围绕优胜美地国家公园展开，强调其能让人们响应大自然召唤去开展冒险活动。C选项“优胜美地：大自然的召唤引领冒险之地”能准确概括文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽黄山·期末）Crows (乌鸦) can use tools and perform basic statistics, and they continue to surprise us. Earlier this year, a team of researchers from the University of Bristol found that the hooded crow, which has a grey body and black tail and head feathers (羽毛), is able to memorize the shape and size of an object after it is taken away and construct one like it. This kind of action requires the ability to form a mental template, which is basically an image in the mind of what a particular object looks like, even when that object is not present. Mental templates allow animals to create tools, which can be used to get food or make a stronger nest, both eventually leading to a better chance of survival. For their study, Sarah Jelbert and her coworkers first trained three hooded crows to recognize pieces of paper of different sizes and colors. To do this, they exposed the birds to “template” pieces of paper in different colors and sizes for several minutes before removing them and then rewarded the birds for dropping small pieces that matched these templates into a long narrow opening. The crows were next given the opportunity to make versions of these objects in exchange for a reward. The researchers found that all three crows made objects that matched the original template object they had been rewarded for in both color and size. “Unlike humans, who regularly copy each other’s behavior, we don’t have much evidence that crows will watch each other and copy what another crow is doing,” Jelbert says. However, young crows often steal their parents’ tools. So it’s possible that these crows learn how to make different types of tools from experience, stealing their parents’ tools, using them to remember what these tools look like, and then trying to create something similar, Jelbert believes. 9．Which of the following best illustrates a mental template? A．A monkey swinging from branch to branch. B．A cat getting back the food it hid. C．A crow sleeping in its nest. D．A dog playing with a ball. 10．What did the crows do in the study? A．They performed basic statistics. B．They were trained to do magic tricks. C．They matched and reproduced objects. D．They observed and copied one another. 11．What can we infer from young crows’ stealing incidents? A．These are social motivations. B．They may fall into an annoying habit. C．They come into conflict with their parents. D．These are opportunities for acquiring skills. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Crows communicate in a unique language B．Hooded crows use more tools than other birds C．Crows are even smarter than we thought D．Hooded crows identify sizes and colors with ease 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章开篇提到乌鸦会使用工具、进行基础统计，接着介绍研究发现它们能形成心理模板并复制物体，体现乌鸦比我们所想的更聪明。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“This kind of action requires the ability to form a mental template, which is basically an image in the mind of what a particular object looks like, even when that object is not present. Mental templates allow animals to create tools, which can be used to get food or make a stronger nest, both eventually leading to a better chance of survival. (这种行为需要具备形成心理模板的能力，这种模板本质上就是大脑中关于某一特定物体外观的图像，即便该物体并不在眼前也是如此。心理模板使动物能够制造工具，这些工具可用于获取食物或建造更坚固的巢穴，这两者最终都会增加生存的机会。)”可知，“mental template”指物体不在眼前时，脑海中仍能形成其形象的能力。B项“猫找回自己藏的食物”，说明猫能记住食物的位置和样子，符合这一概念。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“To do this, they exposed the birds to “template” pieces of paper in different colors and sizes for several minutes before removing them and then rewarded the birds for dropping small pieces that matched these templates into a long narrow opening. The crows were next given the opportunity to make versions of these objects in exchange for a reward. The researchers found that all three crows made objects that matched the original template object they had been rewarded for in both color and size. (为了实现这一目标，他们先让这些乌鸦接触不同颜色和大小的“模板”纸张，持续几分钟，然后取走这些模板纸张，接着奖励那些能将与这些模板相匹配的小碎片放入长而狭窄开口处的乌鸦。接下来，他们给这些乌鸦提供机会，让他们制作这些物体的类似版本以换取奖励。研究人员发现，这三只乌鸦所制作的物品在颜色和大小上都与它们曾因完成特定任务而获得奖励的原始模板物品完全一致。)”可知，乌鸦先被训练识别不同大小和颜色的纸（匹配物体），之后能制作出与模板在颜色和大小上匹配的物体（复制物体）。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, young crows often steal their parents’ tools. So it’s possible that these crows learn how to make different types of tools from experience, stealing their parents’ tools, using them to remember what these tools look like, and then trying to create something similar (然而，幼小的乌鸦经常会偷用它们父母的工具。所以有可能这些乌鸦是通过经验来学习如何制作不同类型的工具的，它们偷用父母的工具，利用这些工具来记住这些工具的样子，然后尝试制作类似的东西)”可知，偷工具可能是幼年乌鸦学习制作工具技能的机会，故选D。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Crows (乌鸦) can use tools and perform basic statistics, and they continue to surprise us. (乌鸦能够使用工具，并且还能进行简单的统计运算，它们不断地让我们感到惊讶。)”结合文章开篇提到乌鸦会使用工具、进行基础统计，接着介绍研究发现它们能形成心理模板并复制物体，体现乌鸦比我们所想的更聪明。可知，C选项“乌鸦的智力甚至比我们之前认为的还要高”最符合文章标题。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末）You spend a third of your life asleep, a certain part of which involves dreaming. But most often, you don’t remember any of your dreams. While the exact reason of why we can hardly recall our dreams is not fully known, scientists have gotten some insight into memory processes during sleep, leading to several ideas that may explain our forgetfulness. You are awake, but is your hippocampus (海马体) awake? When we fall asleep, not all the brain’s regions go offline at the same time. Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in the brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory. “If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very well be the last to wake up,” said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,” Andrillon told Live Science. While this might explain why dream memories are so fleeting, it doesn’t mean that your hippocampus has been inactive throughout the night. In fact, this region is quite active during sleep, and appears to be storing and caring for existing memories to strengthen them, instead of listening for incoming new experiences. Sometimes your dreams are just not memorable? Do you remember what you were thinking about this morning when brushing your teeth? Our minds wander all the time, but we get rid of most of those thoughts as unimportant information. Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember. But dreams that are more vivid, emotional and coherent (连贯的) seem to be better remembered-perhaps because they cause more awakening, and their organized story makes them easier to store. If you are interested in improving your dream recall, there are a few tricks to try. One is drinking water before bed, because it will make you wake up at night to use the bathroom. These middle-of-the-night awakenings are frequently accompanied by dream recall. Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile (脆弱的) dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory. 1．You can’t remember your dreams when you wake up probably because ______. A．you are forgetful and poor in remembering things. B．your dreams are vivid, emotional and coherent. C．your brain needs to start up to move dreams into long-term memory D．your hippocampus is active in receiving new information 2．What can we learn about dreams from the passage? A．Dreaming means processing memory during sleeping. B．Dreams come from your hippocampus. C．We need special trainings to recall our dreams. D．Dreams are sometimes useless for us to remember. 3．Which of the following CANNOT help you to recall a dream? A．Improve the ability of your hippocampus to catch up information. B．Keep reminding yourself of the need to remember your dreams. C．Record what you can remember in your dreams upon awakening. D．Think back on the things in your dreams directly after you wake up. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Train Your Brain to Remember Dreams. B．The Mystery of Dreaming: Why We Forget Our Dreams. C．The Role of the Hippocampus in Sleep and Memory. D．Dreams and Daydreams: Useless or Meaningful?. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨人们大多记不起梦境的原因，介绍了与梦境遗忘相关的科学见解，如海马体在睡眠与记忆过程中的作用、梦境本身的特点对记忆的影响等，同时还给出了一些提高梦境回忆能力的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory.(研究人员发现，最后进入睡眠状态的区域之一是海马体，这是大脑中的一个结构，对于将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆至关重要)” 以及第四段““If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very well be the last to wake up, ” said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,” Andrillon told Live Science.(“如果海马体是最后进入睡眠的，那它很可能也是最后醒来的，” 澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学的神经科学家托马斯・安德里隆说。“所以，你可能会有这样一个阶段，醒来时梦还在你的短期记忆中，但由于海马体还没有完全清醒，你的大脑无法保留这段记忆。” 安德里隆告诉《生活科学》杂志)” 可知，当我们醒来时，梦处于短期记忆中，但因为海马体未完全苏醒，大脑无法将梦的记忆从短期转为长期，即大脑需要启动海马体来将梦转化为长期记忆，否则就记不住梦。所以，你醒来时记不住梦可能是因为大脑需要启动来将梦转化为长期记忆，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段“Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember.(梦，尤其是普通的梦，可能就像白日梦的想法一样，大脑认为它们太无用而无需记住)” 可知，有些梦对我们来说可能没有记住的价值。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile (脆弱的) dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory.(一些研究表明，反复提醒自己想要记住梦可能会增加记住梦的机会，写梦的日记也是如此。醒来后，抓住那脆弱的梦的记忆：闭上眼睛，保持静止，重放梦的记忆，直到你的海马体跟上并正确存储记忆)” 可知，选项B（不断提醒自己需要记住梦）、选项C（醒来后记录你能记住的梦中内容）和选项D（醒来后直接回想梦中的事情）都有助于回忆梦，而选项A（提高海马体捕捉信息的能力），文中未提及提高海马体捕捉信息的能力能帮助回忆梦，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要探讨人们大多记不起梦境的原因，介绍了与梦境遗忘相关的科学见解，如海马体在睡眠与记忆过程中的作用、梦境本身的特点对记忆的影响等，同时还给出了一些提高梦境回忆能力的方法。所以B选项“The Mystery of Dreaming: Why We Forget Our Dreams (做梦的奥秘：我们为什么会忘记梦)”为最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江·期末）An international team led by researchers from the University of Adelaide and the University of Copenhagen reconstructed an 11,700-year ecological baseline for bowhead whales, which are a threatened Arctic native species. Using computer models, fossils, and hunting records, the team mapped the location and size of suitable summer foraging habitat (觅食栖息地) for bowhead whales, finding that until recently it had remained nearly unchanged. However, they predict (预测) that future climate change will destroy 65—75 percent of this foraging habitat by the end of the 21st century. In the Sea of Okhotsk, which is home to one of only four populations of bowhead whales, usable summer habitat is likely to vanish entirely by 2060. The reason for the reduction is the breakup of a close relationship between bowhead whales and summer sea ice cover. “Bowhead whales have preferred to forage among sea ice for thousands of years,” said lead author Nicholas Freymueller. “However, Arctic sea ice has become less in recent decades, and this is set to be worse in coming decades, causing where bowhead whales currently gather in large numbers to be lost.” The team also found that the few areas of suitable bowhead habitat predicted to remain in the year 2100 will exist outside their current distribution (分布), directly affecting protection policies. “By identifying the extent and location of bowhead whale habitat that is likely to be lost in coming decades, we provide important information to guide future management efforts of this species,” said Professor Eline Lorenzen. Bowhead whales are still recovering from four centuries of hunting. “By using ecological models and historical records to reconstruct pre-hunting distributions of bowhead whales, we were able to develop a much stronger understanding of the habitat preferences of this species that was nearly hunted to extinction. This is of great importance because the ongoing threats they face are reflective of what other Arctic species face because of climate change,” said senior author Damien Fordham. 5．What does the underlined word “vanish” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Approach. B．Disappear. C．Recover. D．Spread. 6．What is Nicholas Freymueller trying to do in paragraph 3? A．To share a suggestion. B．To make a summary. C．To give an explanation. D．To show an expectation. 7．Why does Damien Fordham consider studying bowhead whales important? A．It offers a solution to whale hunting. B．It enables their competitors to avoid them. C．It allows them to search for suitable habitat. D．It helps to learn about threats to other species. 8．What does the text focus on? A．Ecological models and historical records. B．Summer sea ice cover and frequent hunting. C．Arctic native species and protection policies. D．Climate change and bowhead whales’ habitat. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究对北极地区11700年来弓头鲸的生存状况进行了调查。研究人员预测，由于气候变化导致的海冰减少将导致弓头鲸的觅食栖息地严重萎缩。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“However, they predict(预测)that future climate change will destroy 65—75 percent of this foraging habitat by the end of the 21st century. (然而，他们预测，到21世纪末，未来的气候变化将破坏65% - 75%的这种觅食栖息地。)”以及“usable summer habitat is likely to vanish entirely by 2060 .(到2060年，可用的夏季栖息地可能会完全vanish。)”可知，这里说的是栖息地会因气候变化而遭到破坏，所以到2060年可能会完全消失，故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“The reason for the reduction is the breakup of a close relationship between bowhead whales and summer sea ice cover. “Bowhead whales have preferred to forage among sea ice for thousands of years,” said lead author Nicholas Freymueller. (数量减少的原因是弓头鲸与夏季海冰覆盖之间的紧密关系破裂。“几千年来，弓头鲸一直喜欢在海冰中觅食”主要作者尼古拉斯·弗雷姆勒说。)”可知，尼古拉斯·弗雷姆勒在解释弓头鲸栖息地减少的原因。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This is of great importance because the ongoing threats they face are reflective of what other Arctic species face because of climate change,” said senior author Damien Fordham. (“这非常重要，因为它们目前面临的威胁反映了其他北极物种因气候变化而面临的威胁”资深作者达米安·福德姆说。)”可知，达米安·福德姆认为研究弓头鲸重要是因为这有助于了解对其他物种的威胁。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。文章开篇提到研究团队重建弓头鲸生态基线，接着阐述气候变化将破坏其觅食栖息地及原因，最后说明研究对了解其他北极物种面临威胁的意义，所以文章重点是气候变化和弓头鲸的栖息地。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·福建泉州·期末）In today’s education, strong writing skills are important for academic and career success. Tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly streamline writing by fixing grammar or coming up with ideas. However, overusing AI raises a heated discussion: Does depending too much on AI tools harm students’ ability to think independently and write creatively? A recent study by researchers Eva and Afief observed fifty students over several weeks. They found that 80% used Grammarly for grammar correction, and all depended on ChatGPT for inspiration. Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. One admitted, “QuillBot changes my sentences, but it makes my ideas feel less unique — like the tool is doing the thinking for me.” This shows AI tools may value efficiency more than creativity. AI tools operate based on fixed algorithms (算法), which encourage pattern-following rather than creative problem-solving. Eva noted, “Good writing often involves breaking rules or exploring unique ideas — something AI cannot do.” Overusing AI prevents students from practicing basic skills like idea generation (生成), organization, and self-editing. As a result, their writing may be short of depth, originality, or logical (逻辑的) flow-qualities important for academic and professional success. Another limitation is AI’s struggle with deeper writing error, such as weak logic. For example, 60% of students used Story AI for story ideas but complained the plots were “too simple” and short of detail. Moreover, since AI doesn’t teach analysis, students risk copying content without understanding it. As researcher Afief warned, “Students might copy AI-generated content without fully understanding it, which undermines both honesty and learning.” To handle this, teachers should ensure that students master basic writing skills, including grammar, logic, and critical thinking, before turning to AI. They should guide students to use AI as an assistant, not a replacement. For instance, students could use ChatGPT for ideas but develop them through personal analysis. While AI offers benefits, overuse may risk damaging students’ critical thinking and creativity. The goal is to use AI wisely: as a tool to support, not to replace, original writing. 9．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The study result. B．Grammar correction. C．The power of AI. D．Writing speed. 10．How does AI impact students? A．It helps improve basic skills. B．It affects their academic choices. C．It limits their originality. D．It aids in problem-solving. 11．What does the underlined word “undermines” mean in paragraph 4? A．Develops. B．Weakens. C．Values. D．Discovers. 12．What are educators advised to do? A．Apply AI in teaching writing skills. B．Ignore the impact of AI on creativity. C．Use AI to develop personal analysis. D．Offer students guidance before using AI. 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍过度依赖AI会降低学生的独创性和批判性思维，建议教育者在学生使用AI前给与指导，确保学生明智地使用AI。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“A recent study by researchers Eva and Afief observed fifty students over several weeks. They found that 80% used Grammarly for grammar correction, and all depended on ChatGPT for inspiration. Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. (研究人员Eva和Afief在最近的一项研究中对50名学生进行了几周的观察。他们发现80%的学生使用Grammarly进行语法纠正，所有人都依赖ChatGPT来获得灵感。虽然这些工具帮助他们写得更快，但许多学生觉得他们的写作变得不那么原创了)”可知，This指代上文提到的研究结果，即研究结果表明人工智能工具可能更看重效率而不是创造力。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although these tools helped them write faster, many students felt that their writing became less original. One admitted, “QuillBot changes my sentences, but it makes my ideas feel less unique — like the tool is doing the thinking for me.”(虽然这些工具帮助他们写得更快，但许多学生觉得他们的写作变得不那么原创了。一个学生承认，“QuillBot改变了我的句子，但它让我的想法感觉不那么独特了——就像这个工具在替我思考一样。”)”可知，AI限制了学生的独创性。故选C。 11．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As researcher Afief warned, “Students might copy AI-generated content without fully understanding it, which undermines both honesty and learning.”(正如研究员Afief警告的那样，“学生可能会在没有完全理解的情况下复制人工智能生成的内容，这undermines了诚信和学习。”)”可知，“学生可能会在没有完全理解的情况下复制人工智能生成的内容”的这种行为会产生负面的结果，由此推测它会削弱诚信和学习。故划线词意为“削弱”，与weaken“削弱”同义。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“To handle this, teachers should ensure that students master basic writing skills, including grammar, logic, and critical thinking, before turning to AI.(为了解决这个问题，教师应该确保学生在使用人工智能之前掌握基本的写作技能，包括语法、逻辑和批判性思维)”可知，建议老师在学生使用AI前确保给予学生指导，确保他们掌握基本技能，并引导其合理使用 AI。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·甘肃张掖·期末）Some of the first human beings arriving in Tasmania, over 41,000 years ago, used fire to shape and manage the sight, about 2,000 years earlier than previously thought. A team of researchers from the UK and Australia analysed charcoal and pollen (木炭和花粉) contained in ancient mud (泥) to determine how Aboriginal Tasmanians (塔斯马尼亚原住民) shaped their surroundings. This is the earliest record of humans using fire to shape the Tasmanian environment. “Australia is home to the world’s oldest Indigenous (土著) culture, which has existed for over 50,000 years,” said Dr Matthew Adeleye from the study’s lead author. “Earlier studies have shown that Aboriginal communities on the Australian mainland used fire to shape their homes, but we haven’t had similarly detailed environmental records for Tasmania.” The researchers studied ancient mud taken from islands in the Bass Strait. Analysis of the ancient mud showed a sudden increase in charcoal around 41,600 years ago, followed by a major change in ground cover about 40,000 years ago. The change was showed by different types of pollen in the mud. “This suggests these early people were clearing forests by burning them, in order to create open spaces for survival and perhaps cultural activities,” said Adeleye. “Fire is an important tool, and it would have been used to promote the type of plant cover or sight that was important to them.” Burning practices are still practised today by Aboriginal communities in Australia, including for sight management and cultural activities. However, using this type of burning, known as cultural burning, for managing severe wildfires in Australia remains contentious (争议的). The researchers say understanding this ancient land management practice could help renew pre-colonial sights. “These early Tasmanian communities were the island’s first land managers,” said Adeleye. “If we’re going to protect Tasmanian and Australian sights for future generations, it’s important that we listen to and learn from Indigenous communities who are calling for a greater role in helping to manage Australian sights into the future.” 1．What was the new discovery about the first human beings in Tasmania? A．They used fire to manage the environment earlier than thought. B．They used fire 2,000 years later than thought. C．They lived in Tasmania for over 50,000 years. D．They came from the Australian mainland. 2．What was the purpose of the early Tasmanians’ burning forests? A．To hunt animals more easily. B．To build more houses. C．To make the environment more beautiful. D．To create spaces for living and activities. 3．What can be inferred about the Aboriginal communities now? A．They invent some special cultural activities. B．They keep the tradition of cultural burning alive. C．They cause serious wildfires in Australia. D．They are struggling to survive. 4．What is Adeleye’s attitude towards the research in the text? A．Uninterested. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现41000多年前，首批到达塔斯马尼亚岛的人类用火塑造、管理景观，比此前认知的早了2000年。研究人员分析相关古物，确定了原住民塑造环境的情况，强调要倾听学习原住民在管理景观方面的诉求。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Some of the first human beings arriving in Tasmania, over 41,000 years ago, used fire to shape and manage the sight, about 2,000 years earlier than previously thought.(大约41000年前，第一批来到塔斯马尼亚岛的人类就曾使用火来塑造和管理当地的环境，这一时间比之前所认为的要早约2000年)”可知，他们比之前认为的更早地使用火来管理环境。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This suggests these early people were clearing forests by burning them, in order to create open spaces for survival and perhaps cultural activities(这表明这些早期人类是通过焚烧森林的方式来开辟出一片片空地，以供他们生存以及开展文化活动之用)”可知，早期塔斯马尼亚人焚烧森林的目的是为了开辟居住和活动的空间。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Burning practices are still practised today by Aboriginal communities in Australia, including for sight management and cultural activities. However, using this type of burning, known as cultural burning, for managing severe wildfires in Australia remains contentious.(如今，在澳大利亚的原住民社区中，仍有焚烧活动在进行，这些活动包括用于景观管理以及文化活动。然而，将这种被称为“文化焚烧”的方式用于管理澳大利亚的严重野火，这一做法仍存在争议)”可知，现在的原住民社区延续了文化焚烧的传统。故选B。 4．推理判断题。从文中可知，Adeleye作为研究的主要作者，详细阐述了研究的过程、发现以及意义。他指出了研究对了解塔斯马尼亚原住民如何塑造环境的重要性，还提及对现代澳大利亚景观管理和保护的潜在价值，如倒数第二段“The researchers say understanding this ancient land management practice could help renew pre-colonial sights.(研究人员表示，了解这种古老的土地管理方式有助于恢复殖民时代之前的自然风貌)”等表述都体现出他对该研究的认可和积极推动，所以他对这项研究持积极的态度。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·四川成都·期末）The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are becoming clear. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve (进化) in reaction to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall dropped, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost weight in great amounts, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors are able to show the significant effects of climate change on local birds. They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds. 5．Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds? A．They show unique behaviors. B．They are ecological health indicators. C．They are in danger of extinction. D．They have evolved in reaction to warming. 6．What can we learn from the new study? A．About 33% species evolved longer wings. B．36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year. C．The climate in the Amazon becomes hotter and wetter. D．The study focused on migratory species in the Amazon. 7．What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Put off. B．Give off. C．Put away. D．Give away. 8．What would probably the researchers further study? A．The impact of climate change on birds. B．The reason for the loss of bird’s weight. C．The reason for smaller animals to keep cool. D．The advantage of the change in birds’ wing length. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气候变化对亚马逊雨林中鸟类的影响。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem—so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re reacting to climate change.(鸟类通常被认为是哨兵物种，这意味着它们表明了生态系统的整体健康状况，因此科学家们对它们如何应对气候变化特别感兴趣。)”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态平衡的指标。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body weight, while a third grew longer wings.(同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了。)”可知，约33%的物种长出更长的翅膀来应对气候变化，故选A。 7．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“They suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size(他们认为，体型较小的鸟类或许更容易保持凉爽。一般来说，体型较小的动物，其体表面积与身体大小的比率更大。)”可知，较小动物散发热量更快，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与give off（散发）的词义一致 。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds.(然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处。)”可知，研究人员可能会进一步研究鸟类翅膀长度变化的好处。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末）Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. As leaves fall, snow sweeps in or flowers blossom, humans change in measurable ways, too. Research suggests that emotions, eating habits, and even favorite colors vary across the year. And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA shows how moral values can also change. For the study, researchers examined over 230,000 online surveys collected over ten years, mainly from Americans, with smaller groups in Canada, Australia, and the U.K.. The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundations theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two—care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights. One explanation for seasonal changes could be anxiety. Data from 90,000 surveys and internet searches indicate that anxiety peaks in spring and autumn. Psychologist Brian O’ Shea explains, “Anxiety makes people feel threatened, leading them to distrust outsiders and seek safety within their own groups.” These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. Lead researcher Ian Hohm agrees the pattern doesn’t affect everyone equally, but notes that the study shows how seasons influence human psychology. “Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement. 9．What is the possible impact of anxiety during stressful seasons? A．Threatening safety of outsiders. B．Promoting respect for moral rules. C．Increasing focus on personal rights. D．Influencing social decision-making. 10．What does the underlined word “marginalized” in  Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Respected. B．Disadvantaged. C．Educated. D．Disabled. 11．What is Norman’s attitude toward seasonal impact on human behavior? A．Curious. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Reserved. 12．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Seasons and Morality: How Nature’s Rhythms Shape Moral Values B．Seasonal Changes: How They Affect People’s Anxiety Levels C．Humans as Seasonal Beings: The Impact of Mood on Actions D．Moral Foundation Theory: Five Core Values in Human Behavior 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了季节变化对人类道德价值观的影响，介绍了相关研究的内容、发现以及专家的观点等。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. (这些情绪变化不仅会影响日常决策，还会影响更广泛的社会事件，如法庭判决、选举或公共卫生政策)”可知，在压力较大的季节，即春秋季，焦虑带来的情绪变化会影响社会决策。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. (然而，专家表示，这些数据主要来自西方富裕国家。心理学家Ivory Toldson警告说，虽然这些发现适用于富裕群体，但对于面临不同问题的marginalized来说，可能并不适用)”可知，marginalized  ones与wealthy groups形成对比，marginalized与Disadvantaged意思相近，指的是处于不利地位的群体，符合语境。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions. ” (以研究季节性情绪变化而闻名的精神病学家Norman Rosenthal说：“人类是季节性的生物。我们的内心感受直接影响我们的行为。”)”可知，Norman认为人类的行为会受到季节相关的内心感受影响，这与文章中季节影响道德价值观的观点一致，因此他对季节对人类行为的影响持支持态度。故选C项。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. (某些价值观在春秋两季比在夏冬两季更受重视)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出某些价值观在春秋季比夏冬季更有分量，人类的情绪、饮食习惯等会随季节变化，接着介绍了一项研究表明道德价值观也会随季节变化，随后详细说明了研究内容、发现以及专家观点，核心围绕季节变化如何塑造道德价值观展开，A选项“季节与道德：自然节律如何塑造道德价值观”能够概括文章主旨。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Dilly Dally, a female loggerhead turtle who survived a run-in with a predator (捕食者) that cost her a front flipper (鳍肢), has been released from a Florida animal hospital back into the Atlantic Ocean. Dilly Dally, an adolescent loggerhead, first arrived at the Loggerhead Marinelife Center (LMC) in January after being attacked. Three weeks later, she went under the knife to remove the damaged flipper. Despite a few wound complications during her five-month stay at the hospital, Dilly Dally now joins fellow recovered loggerheads, Falafel and Scout, in their return to the wild. Dilly Dally, like other turtles treated and re-released by the LMC, will be tracked via satellite attached to her shell to chart her movements and monitor her adaptation to living in the wild. Organizations like the LMC help protect sea turtles like loggerheads, in the face of ongoing threats to the shrinking population — about 6.5 million. Worldwide, the animals and their eggs face the threat of illegal hunting, accidental catching and habitat damage. The World Wildlife Fund reports three of seven sea turtle species are endangered, including two that are listed as critically endangered. A 2023 study found “flipper amputation (截肢) is a well-known phenomenon in sea turtles,” and the creatures are able to recover well and relearn to swim. The paper concluded that among sea turtles who had suffered amputations, adult females were able to swim ashore in order to nest, but the damaged flippers put them at greater risk from land-based threats during the process. Dilly Dally is now swimming in the calm waves near the western coast of Florida, exploring the lively ocean world. Fans who want to learn about Dilly Dally and other sea turtles’ movements, can virtually follow her journey www.marinelife.mapotic.com. 13．Why is the satellite attached to Dilly Dally’ s shell? A．To measure ocean temperature and water quality. B．To prevent the turtle from being caught accidentally. C．To record her locations and observe her adaptation to the wild. D．To ensure she receives necessary medical treatment after release. 14．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Sea turtles face several threats. B．LMC mainly treats injured turtles. C．6.5 million sea turtles live in the wild. D．Loggerheads are the most endangered. 15．Why are adult female sea turtles mentioned in the 2023 study? A．To prove they recover faster from amputations. B．To show they are more likely to lose flippers. C．To suggest they need more medical attention. D．To stress they face higher risks when nesting. 16．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．LMC’ s Sea Turtle Rescue Work B．Survival of a Loggerhead Turtle C．Dilly Dally’ s Journey back to the Ocean D．Sea Turtles Under Threat and Recovery 【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了雌性红海龟Dilly Dally遭捕食者袭击失去前鳍肢，经救治五个月后，与另外两只康复的红海龟一同被放归大西洋。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dilly Dally, like other turtles treated and re-released by the LMC, will be tracked via satellite attached to her shell to chart her movements and monitor her adaptation to living in the wild.(迪利·达利和其他由莱克蒙野生动物保护中心救治并放归自然的海龟一样，其活动情况将通过固定在她壳上的卫星进行监测，以记录其活动轨迹并观察其适应野外生存的能力)”可知，卫星被安装在迪莉·达利的壳体上是为了记录她的活动位置，并观察她适应野外环境的情况。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Worldwide, the animals and their eggs face the threat of illegal hunting, accidental catching and habitat damage.(在全球范围内，这些海龟及其卵面临着非法捕猎、意外捕获以及栖息地破坏等威胁)”可知，海龟面临着多种威胁。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The paper concluded that among sea turtles who had suffered amputations, adult females were able to swim ashore in order to nest, but the damaged flippers put them at greater risk from land-based threats during the process.(该论文得出结论：在遭受鳍肢截断的海龟中，成年雌性海龟能够游到岸边进行筑巢，但受损的鳍肢使它们在这一过程中面临更大的来自陆地威胁的风险)”可知，2023年的研究中会提及成年断鳍雌性海龟是为了强调它们在筑巢时面临更高的风险。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Dilly Dally, a female loggerhead turtle who survived a run-in with a predator ( 捕食者) that cost her a front flipper (鳍肢), has been released from a Florida animal hospital back into the Atlantic Ocean.(迪莉・达莉是一只雌性红海龟，它曾与捕食者遭遇并幸存下来，但这次遭遇让它失去了一只前鳍肢。如今，它已从佛罗里达州的一家动物医院康复，并被放归大西洋)”可知，文章主要说明了雌性红海龟Dilly Dally遭捕食者袭击失去前鳍肢，经救治五个月后，与另外两只康复的红海龟一同被放归大西洋。可知，C选项“迪利·达利的重返海洋之旅”最符合文章标题。故选C。 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期末）On January 22, international researchers shared a significant finding in the scientific journal Nature. They discovered bursts of energy in an unexpected part of space, which they named “chorus waves”. These waves got their name because they vibrate (震动) at the same rates as the sounds we can hear. When changed into hearable signals, they sound just like birds chirping (鸣叫) cheerfully. Scientists have been aware of chorus waves in space for years. However, the latest study brought a big surprise. The researchers found that these waves exist as far as 100,000 kilometers away from Earth. This is the greatest distance at which chorus waves have ever been detected from a planet. Chengming Liu, a study writer from Beihang University, stated in an email, “Chorus waves are one of the strongest and most significant waves in space.” Allison Jaynes, a space physicist not participating in this study, commented, “This opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.” The newfound chorus waves were detected in an area where Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field extends. Scientists didn’t expect to find them there. Now, they’re eager to figure out how these unique waves form. Jaynes added, “We surely need to find more of these events.” Scientists still are not sure how chorus waves develop, but they believe Earth’s magnetic field is related to it. In the past, radio antennas (天线) detected chorus waves. For example, in the 1960s, an Antarctic research station picked them up. NASA’s Van Allen Probes also heard the chirping sounds, but from a closer distance. The most recent chorus waves were detected by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites, which were sent into space in 2015 to study Earth and the sun’s magnetic fields. Chorus waves have also been found near other planets including Jupiter and Saturn. The waves can produce high-energy electrons. That means they can be a danger to satellite communications. The researchers said their findings suggest that chorus waves might be found everywhere in the magnetic fields of planets. 13．What makes chorus waves get their name? A．The place where they are first discovered. B．Their vibration rates like hearable sounds. C．The way they affect satellite signals. D．Their movement speed in space. 14．What can be inferred from the scientists’ comments? A．Further research is crucial. B．Wave creation is clear. C．Discoveries lack importance. D．Waves pose satellite risks. 15．Which detected the chorus waves at the greatest distance from Earth? A．NASA’s Van Allen Probes. B．Scientists from Beihang University. C．An Antarctic research station in the 1960s. D．NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. 16．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Naming Story of Chorus Waves B．Chorus Waves: A New Threat to Satellites C．Revealing the Mysteries of Chorus Waves D．Scientists’ Great Debate on Chorus Waves 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．D 16．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了国际研究人员在《自然》杂志上公布的关于“合唱波”的重大发现，包括其命名原因、探测距离、科学家的相关评论、探测工具以及潜在影响等内容，展现了这一太空现象的奥秘与研究价值。 13．细节理解题​。根据第一段“They discovered bursts of energy in an unexpected part of space, which they named “chorus waves”. These waves got their name because they vibrate at the same rates as the sounds we can hear.(他们在太空的一个意想不到的地方发现了能量爆发，将其命名为“合唱波”。这些波得名是因为它们的震动频率与我们能听到的声音相同)” 可知，合唱波的命名源于其震动频率与可听声音的频率一致。​故选B。 14．推理判断题​。根据第三段“This opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.(这引发了关于该区域可能存在的物理现象的许多新问题)”及第四段“We surely need to find more of these events.(我们当然需要发现更多这样的现象)”可知，科学家的评论表明目前存在诸多未知问题，进一步研究至关重要。​故选A。 15．细节理解题​。根据第二段“The researchers found that these waves exist as far as 100,000 kilometers away from Earth.(研究人员发现这些波存在于距离地球10万公里的地方)”及第五段“The most recent chorus waves were detected by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites, which were sent into space in 2015 to study Earth and the sun’s magnetic fields. (最近的合唱波是由美国国家航空航天局的磁层多尺度卫星探测到的，这些卫星于2015年被送入太空，研究地球和太阳的磁场)”可知，美国国家航空航天局的磁层多尺度卫星探测到了距离地球最远的合唱波。​故选D。 16．主旨大意题​。文章围绕“合唱波”展开，依次介绍了其命名原因、探测距离、科学家对其成因的困惑与研究需求、探测工具及分布推测等，整体旨在揭示合唱波的种种奥秘。C项“揭示合唱波的奥秘”能全面概括全文，适合用作标题。​故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽黄山·期末）Most highly skilled fields have rude names for beginners. And yet there has never been a better time to be a beginner. Learning platforms such as Coursera, Skillshare and Duolingo sell you an experience that you can fit around your busy life, achieving mastery in a short time. In this book Beginners, Tom Vanderbilt joins the growing army of beginners. Stuck in mid-career growth, he decides to spend a year learning new skills. He hires a singing teacher and joins the Britpop Choir. He takes up drawing, then surfing. He learns to juggle (玩杂耍). With the help of a jeweler, he even makes his own wedding ring. None of these attempts turn into life-changing passions. They are simply done for fun. The motivation behind all this comes from Vanderbilt’s experience of parenthood, which can only be learned in the doing of it. All parents are beginners, and beginner teachers, clumsily (笨拙地) passing on knowledge to their children. As he watches his daughter effortlessly pick up how to swim or play chess, Vanderbilt worries that he has left it too late. “It’s hard to be old and bad at something,” as a friend, returning to swimming in middle age, puts it. Luckily, he achieves satisfying results with relatively little painful effort. People appreciate his inexpert but improved singing because most people can’t sing very well. The title of one academic paper he cites — “Imprecise singing is widespread” — says it all. The acid (讽刺的) test is “Happy Birthday”, the most familiar song in the language and yet not easy to sing because it spans (跨越) an octave (八度音阶) and moves up and down it dramatically. In a world where apps constantly rate us and measure our performance, so that learning anything becomes another form of work, we should enjoy the process more and worry less about the product. All Vanderbilt achieves in the end is a basic skill in various unrelated activities. But it has brought him “an enormous and almost forgotten kind of pleasure”. This book conveys that pleasure and is itself a pleasure to read. 17．What motivates Vanderbilt’s passion for learning new skills? A．His friend’s swimming comeback. B．His experience of being a parent. C．His daughter’s advice on trying new things. D．His hope for changing the views of beginners. 18．Why does the author mention the song “Happy Birthday”? A．To indicate the importance of repetition in singing. B．To draw attention to its popularity around the world. C．To prove its effectiveness in testing musical memory. D．To show the difficulty in singing even well-known songs well. 19．What does the author stress in the last paragraph? A．The need to master various unrelated skills. B．The pleasure obtained from reading a book. C．The importance of enjoying the learning process. D．The significance of gaining recognition for one’s efforts. 20．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A career guide. D．A research article. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍汤姆・范德比尔特所著《初学者》，讲述他中年花一年学新技能的经历，源于育儿体验，强调享受学习过程的乐趣。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“The motivation behind all this comes from Vanderbilt’s experience of parenthood, which can only be learned in the doing of it.(这一切背后的动机源自范德比尔特作为父母所经历的种种，而这种经验只有在亲身经历中才能获得)”可知，为人父母的经历激发了范德比尔特对学习新技能的浓厚兴趣。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The acid (讽刺的) test is “Happy Birthday”, the most familiar song in the language and yet not easy to sing because it spans (跨越) an octave (八度音阶) and moves up and down it dramatically.(具有讽刺意味的是，《生日快乐》这首歌就是个考验——它是这门语言中最耳熟能详的歌曲，却并不容易唱好，因为它的音域跨越了一个八度，而且音调起伏极大)”可知，作者提及歌曲《生日快乐》是为了表明即便是耳熟能详的歌曲，要唱好也并非易事。故选D。 19．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In a world where apps constantly rate us and measure our performance, so that learning anything becomes another form of work, we should enjoy the process more and worry less about the product. All Vanderbilt achieves in the end is a basic skill in various unrelated activities. But it has brought him “an enormous and almost forgotten kind of pleasure”. This book conveys that pleasure and is itself a pleasure to read.(在一个应用程序不断对我们进行评分并衡量我们表现的世界里，以至于学习任何事物都变成了另一种形式的工作，我们应该更享受这个过程，而不要过于担心最终的结果。范德比尔特最终所获得的只是在各种不相关活动中的基本技能。但它却给他带来了“一种巨大且几乎被遗忘的愉悦感”。这本书传达了这种愉悦感，本身也是一本令人愉悦的读物)”可知，作者在最后一段强调了享受学习过程的重要性。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据第二段“In this book Beginners, Tom Vanderbilt joins the growing army of beginners.(在《初学者》这本书中，汤姆・范德比尔特加入了日益壮大的初学者队伍)”等内容可知，文章介绍汤姆・范德比尔特所著《初学者》，讲述他中年花一年学新技能的经历，源于育儿体验，强调享受学习过程的乐趣。从而推知，文章是一篇书评。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）NASA’s Lunar Flashlight (the CubeSat), a small satellite, was launched on Dec. 11, 2022 to demonstrate (演示) several new technologies, with the goal to map ice near the Moon’s South Pole. Since then, the briefcase-size satellite’s propulsion (推进) system — the first of its kind ever flown — proved unable to generate enough force to get into lunar orbit, despite months of effort by the operations team. Because the CubeSat cannot complete operations to stay in the Earth-Moon system, NASA has called an end to the mission. NASA relies on technology demonstrations to fill specific knowledge gaps and to test new technologies. Used for the first time beyond Earth’s orbit, Lunar Flashlight’s propulsion system and green fuel were such demonstrations. Although the propulsion system was unable to produce the desired force, the newly developed propulsion system components went beyond performance expectations. “Technology demonstrations are, by their nature, high risk and high reward, and they’re essential for NASA to test and learn,” said Christopher Baker, the program executive. “Lunar Flashlight was successful from the standpoint of being a test bed for new systems that had never flown in space before. Those systems, and the lessons Lunar Flashlight taught us, will be used for future missions.” The mission’s four-laser reflectometer, a science instrument that had never flown before, either, also tested successfully, giving the mission’s science team confidence that the laser would have been able to detect ice if it were present at the lunar surface. “It’s disappointing for the science team, and for the whole Lunar Flashlight team, that we won’t be able to use our laser reflectometer to make measurements on the Moon,” said Barbara Cohen, the mission’s principal investigator: “But like all the other systems, we collected a lot of in-flight performance data on the instrument that will be incredibly valuable to future application of this technique.” 21．What is the goal of the CubeSat? A．To get into lunar orbit. B．To seek out ice on the Moon. C．To obtain green energy. D．To test the propulsion system. 22．Why did NASA end the mission? A．The team lost its contact. B．The system ran out of fuel. C．The target was achieved. D．The satellite was in trouble. 23．What are paragraph 2 & 3 mainly about? A．Lunar Flashlight’s future is uncertain. B．Lunar Flashlight presents a major risk. C．Lunar Flashlight is of great significance. D．Lunar Flashlight enjoys an all-round success. 24．What is Barbara Cohen’s attitude toward the mission? A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Cautious. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述NASA立方体卫星“月球手电筒”因推进系统故障终止任务，但其技术验证价值仍获肯定的过程。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“NASA’s Lunar Flashlight (the CubeSat), a small satellite, was launched on Dec. 11, 2022 to demonstrate (演示) several new technologies, with the goal to map ice near the Moon’s South Pole. 美国宇航局的Lunar Flashlight（CubeSat）是一颗小卫星，于2022年12月11日发射，用于演示几项新技术，目标是绘制月球南极附近的冰图。)” 可知，CubeSat发射的目标是绘制月球南极附近的冰的地图，也就是寻找月球上的冰。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Since then, the briefcase-size satellite’s propulsion (推进) system — the first of its kind ever flown — proved unable to generate enough force to get into lunar orbit, despite months of effort by the operations team. Because the CubeSat cannot complete operations to stay in the Earth-Moon system, NASA has called an end to the mission. (从那以后，尽管运营团队花了几个月的时间努力，但事实证明，这颗公文包大小的卫星推进系统——有史以来首个此类系统——无法产生足够的力量进入月球轨道。由于立方体卫星无法完成留在地月系统的操作，美国宇航局已经宣布结束这项任务。)”可知，卫星的推进系统出现问题，无法产生足够的力进入月球轨道，不能完成在地月系统中的操作，所以NASA终止了任务。故选D。 23．主旨大意题。文章第二段提到“NASA relies on technology demonstrations to fill specific knowledge gaps and to test new technologies. Used for the first time beyond Earth’s orbit, Lunar Flashlight’s propulsion system and green fuel were such demonstrations. (NASA依靠技术演示来填补特定的知识空白和测试新技术。首次在地球轨道之外使用的“Lunar Flashlight”的推进系统和绿色燃料就是这样的演示。)”说明NASA依靠技术演示来填补知识空白和测试新技术，Lunar Flashlight的推进系统和绿色燃料就是这样的演示。第三段“Lunar Flashlight was successful from the standpoint of being a test bed for new systems that had never flown in space before. Those systems, and the lessons Lunar Flashlight taught us, will be used for future missions. (从作为从未在太空飞行过的新系统的试验台的角度来看，Lunar Flashlight是成功的。这些系统，以及Lunar Flashlight教给我们的经验教训，将用于未来的任务。)” 表明Lunar Flashlight 作为从未在太空飞行过的新系统的试验台是成功的，其经验将用于未来任务。所以这两段主要讲的是Lunar Flashlight的重要意义。故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But like all the other systems, we collected a lot of in-flight performance data on the instrument that will be incredibly valuable to future application of this technique. (但像所有其他系统一样，我们在仪器上收集了大量飞行中的性能数据，这些数据对这项技术的未来应用将具有不可思议的价值。)”由此可见，Barbara Cohen对这次任务持积极态度。故选C。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延边·期末）2024 marks an exciting year for space exploration, with NASA’s Europa Clipper mission leading the way. This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system. Europa, covered in a thick layer of ice, is believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean (a liquid water layer beneath its icy surface) larger than Earth’s oceans combined. Scientists think this ocean could have the right conditions for life: water, energy (from tidal forces), and maybe even organic molecules (the building blocks of life). The Europa Clipper carries advanced tools to study Europa’s ice and ocean. One key instrument is a radar that can “see” through the ice, mapping the thickness of the frozen layer and detecting cracks where water might erupt onto the surface. Another tool will analyze gases and particles released during these “cryovolcanic” eruptions (eruptions of water, not lava) to check for organic compounds. Early data from the mission already suggests that Europa’s ice may have “chaos regions” — areas where the ice is cracked and mixed with liquid water — making it easier for organic materials to rise to the surface. While no direct evidence of life has been found yet, the Europa Clipper is laying the groundwork for future missions. If organic molecules are confirmed, it could mean Europa’s ocean is a habitable world — even if we don’t find actual life there, it would be a major step toward answering the question: “Are we alone in the universe?” 13．What is the main goal of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission? A．To land humans on Jupiter. B．To collect samples of Jupiter’s atmosphere. C．To study Europa’s icy surface and search for signs of habitability. D．To map the orbits of all Jupiter’s moons. 14．What does the underlined word “subsurface” in para.2 probably mean? A．Above ground. B．Under the ice. C．In the atmosphere. D．Between planets. 15．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of Jupiter exploration. B．New discoveries about Europa’s surface from the Europa Clipper. C．How to build a spacecraft for deep space missions. D．Why Mars is no longer a focus of space research. 16．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Europa Clipper mission? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Unclear. 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA的欧罗巴快船任务及其对木卫二（欧罗巴）的探索意义。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system.(这艘于2024年10月发射的航天器将彻底改变我们对木星卫星欧罗巴的理解——欧罗巴是太阳系中最有希望寻找外星生命的地方之一)”以及第二段中“Scientists think this ocean could have the right conditions for life: water, energy (from tidal forces), and maybe even organic molecules (the building blocks of life).(科学家认为这个海洋可能具备适合生命存在的条件：水、能量（来自潮汐力），甚至可能还有有机分子（生命的构建模块）)”可知，欧罗巴快船任务的主要目标是研究欧罗巴的冰层表面并寻找适合生命存在的迹象。故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Europa, covered in a thick layer of ice, is believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean (a liquid water layer beneath its icy surface) larger than Earth’s oceans combined.(欧罗巴被一层厚厚的冰覆盖着，据信其下方隐藏着一个巨大的subsurface海洋（冰层下的液态水层），比地球上的所有海洋加起来还要大)”可知，欧罗巴被厚厚的冰层覆盖，其下方隐藏着一个巨大的海洋，因此“subsurface”在此处意为“冰层下的”。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system.(这艘于2024年10月发射的航天器将彻底改变我们对木星卫星欧罗巴的理解——欧罗巴是太阳系中最有希望寻找外星生命的地方之一)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了欧罗巴快船任务及其对欧罗巴表面的新发现。故选B。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While no direct evidence of life has been found yet, the Europa Clipper is laying the groundwork for future missions. If organic molecules are confirmed, it could mean Europa’s ocean is a habitable world — even if we don’t find actual life there, it would be a major step toward answering the question: “Are we alone in the universe?”(虽然目前还没有发现生命存在的直接证据，但欧罗巴快船正在为未来的任务奠定基础。如果有机分子得到确认，这意味着欧罗巴的海洋是一个宜居的世界——即使我们在那里没有发现实际的生命，这也将是回答‘宇宙中只有我们吗？’这个问题的重要一步)”可知，作者对欧罗巴快船任务持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide-ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities — such as football, basketball, or hockey — specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social-emotional skills. A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities. The changing, unpredictable nature of a team game requires quick decision-making, strategic responses to opponents, and controlling immediate reactions — activities that effectively exercise the brain’s prefrontal cortex.   Moreover, the cooperative structure of team sports acts as a powerful practice field for complex social situations. Players must handle different roles, communicate under pressure, discuss strategies, and deal with both team conflicts and losses. This constant experience in a small “society” develops higher emotional intelligence, including understanding others’ feelings, seeing from different viewpoints, and recovering from group disappointments. The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in-group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence. Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities. In an age of digital communication and often weakened community connections, the purposeful, physical cooperation required by team sports offers an irreplaceable training space for the mental flexibility and social skills needed today. 17．What is the main point the passage makes about team sports? A．They are better than all other exercises for controlling teenagers’ weight. B．They offer special mental and social benefits that individual exercise doesn’t. C．Their main value is finding and developing top sports talent for a community. D．Science has directly proven that they greatly improve school exam results. 18．According to the study mentioned, what specific area did team sports players improve in? A．Basic physical strength and muscle stamina. B．Mental control abilities like thinking flexibility. C．Basic math calculation speed and correctness. D．Ability to remember facts and skills for a long time. 19．How does the passage say team sports work as a “buffer” for teenagers? A．By ensuring they always win in competitions. B．By offering money for school and future job chances. C．By building strong group unity and a feeling of belonging. D．By cutting down the time needed for schoolwork. 20．What factor does the passage say affects how much psychological benefit team sports provide? A．The price and exclusivity level of the sports equipment used. B．The geographic location and weather conditions for the sport. C．The current popularity and media attention the sport gets. D．The coaching quality and focus on improvement over winning. 【答案】17．B 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要阐述了参与团队运动对青少年发展的多方面积极影响，包括在思维能力和社交情感技能方面的特殊益处，以及团队运动如何作为缓冲剂对抗青少年可能面临的社会疏离和心理困扰。 17．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide - ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities—such as football, basketball, or hockey—specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social - emotional skills.(近期研究日益表明，参与有组织的团队运动对青少年发展有着重大且广泛的影响，远远超出单纯的身体健康范畴。虽然像跑步这样的个人运动确实能改善心脏健康，但参与像足球、篮球或曲棍球这样的团队活动，能特别培养出一套高级思维能力和社交情感技能)”可知，文章开篇点明主题，即团队运动对青少年发展有广泛影响，远超身体锻炼，与个人运动相比，团队运动能培养高级思维能力和社交情感技能，也就是团队运动提供了个人运动所没有的特殊心理和社交益处。故选B项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities.(一项长期研究表明，与仅进行个人锻炼或非体育活动的人相比，经常参与团队运动的青少年在需要心理控制的任务中表现更为出色，尤其是在认知灵活性（即转换思维的能力）和抑制性控制（即抵制冲动的能力）方面)”可知，研究表明经常参加团队运动的青少年在需要心理控制的任务中表现更好，特别是思维灵活性和抑制冲动的能力，即团队运动参与者提升了像思维灵活性这样的心理控制能力。故选B项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段“The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in - group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence.(共同追求一个共同目标也会产生强大的群体凝聚力和强烈的集体认同感，这是对抗青少年时期社会疏离和心理困扰的关键缓冲剂)”可知，第三段提到共同追求一个目标会产生强大的群体凝聚力和强烈的集体认同感，这是对抗青少年时期社会疏离和心理困扰的关键缓冲剂，也就是团队运动通过建立强大的群体团结和归属感来为青少年起到缓冲作用。故选C项。 20．细节理解题。根据第四段“Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities.(有趣的是，这些益处似乎与参与程度有关，并且在一定程度上受到教练水平和团队文化的影响。那些注重技能提升、个人成长与合作学习，而非仅仅追求胜利的环境，更能促进心理健康和内在动力的提升——即便对于能力各异的球员而言也是如此)”可知，文章明确指出团队运动提供的心理益处受教练质量和注重提升而非获胜的团队文化的影响。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·新疆阿克苏·期末）In China, a new way of shopping is becoming popular. Young people may say no to a 20-yuan coffee but happily pay over 200 yuan for a soft toy shaped like a coffee cup. They care more about the emotional value it brings than its practical use. A special shop in Shanghai is getting lots of attention. It doesn’t sell real coffee. Instead, the shop sells soft toys looking like products and desserts in a coffee shop. The workers pretend (假装) to “make” the toys by adding “sugar” and “cream” before packing them, making the shopping experience fun and special. Studies show prices for soft toys are going up. Those born between 1990 and 2010 have become the main buyer group in the soft toy market. When life gets hard, these toys help them feel happier. Han Yufei, a 27-year-old from Beijing, says, “Many of us didn’t have brothers or sisters, so soft toys were our childhood friends. We still love them as adults.” She has kept a panda toy since she was seven — it went to school with her and even moved with her when she got a job. On the Internet, young people share photos of their soft toys going everywhere with them — to meals, work and trips. Some even make special Internet pages just for their toys. It’s clear these toys mean a lot to young people today. 21．What do young people care more about when buying something according to Paragraph 1? A．Its price. B．Its popularity. C．Its practical use. D．Its emotional value. 22．What can people do in the coffee-themed shop? A．Try different desserts. B．Buy some soft toys. C．Enjoy a cup of free coffee. D．Make coffee by themselves. 23．Why do some young people value their soft toys so much? A．Because they have few friends. B．Because the toys are very expensive. C．Because they see the toys as friends. D．Because the toys remind them of their friends. 24．What is the best title for the passage? A．Success of a Coffee-Themed Shop. B．Young hearts Warmed by Soft Toys. C．Childhood Toys Brought Back to Life. D．High Cost of Young People’s Daily Life. 【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的购物趋势：年轻人更看重软玩具的情感价值而非实用价值。文中提到了上海一家以咖啡为主题的软玩具店，以及软玩具在年轻群体中的流行原因，说明了软玩具对年轻人情感的重要性。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“They care more about the emotional value it brings than its practical use.(他们更在意它带来的情感价值而不是实际用途。)”可知，年轻人在购物时更在意的是物品的情感价值。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“A special shop in Shanghai is getting lots of attention. It doesn’t sell real coffee. Instead, the shop sells soft toys looking like products and desserts in a coffee shop.(上海一家特别的商店吸引了很多人的注意。它不卖真正的咖啡。相反，这家商店出售看起来像咖啡店产品和甜点的毛绒玩具。)”可知，在咖啡主题商店里人们可以买到一些毛绒玩具。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段“Many of us didn’t have brothers or sisters, so soft toys were our childhood friends. We still love them as adults.(我们很多人没有兄弟姐妹，所以毛绒玩具是我们童年的朋友。成年后我们仍然喜欢它们。)”可知，一些年轻人非常珍视他们的毛绒玩具是因为他们把这些玩具视为朋友。故选C。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了在中国，一种新的购物方式正在流行，年轻人更在意物品的情感价值，他们喜欢购买毛绒玩具，这些玩具给他们带来了很多快乐和温暖，对他们来说意义重大。因此，B选项“Young hearts Warmed by Soft Toys.(毛绒玩具温暖了年轻人的心。)”是本文的最佳标题。故选B。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末）The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest man-made river in the world. Starting in the capital Beijing, it passes through several provinces, linking China’s five main river basins (流域). The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BC, when it offered an important means of transportation and supply of food to the population. From ancient to modern times, the Grand Canal has been contributing to the country’s development. It represents the wisdom and determination of the Chinese people. In 2014, the Grand Canal was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. China has taken many measures to protect and develop the Grand Canal and the areas around it. The construction of cultural and ecological (生态的) parks along the canal is one of the most important elements of protective measures. The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, located in Tongzhou, is one of the city’s popular tourist spots. The Grand Canal Forest Park was built along its shores, featuring deep forests and beds of flowers. Visitors enjoy camping, cycling and boat trips there, taking a vacation away from the fast pace of city life. Dezhou City is also taking advantage of the canal. Over the past 20 years, the city has insisted on non-commercial development on both sides of this section of the Grand Canal. The city has turned unused areas into gardens, and wastelands into wetlands along the riverbank—a series of measures aimed at restoring the original appearance of the canal. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has continued to serve as a link between northern and southern China. It also further promotes the economic, agricultural and ecological development of the cities and towns along its banks. 17．What can we learn about the Grand Canal? A．It connects five large provinces. B．It was completed in the 5th century. C．It used to be an tourist route. D．It shows great qualities of Chinese. 18．What do the protection measures for the Grand Canal mainly focus on? A．Transportation and environment. B．Culture and ecology. C．Commercialization and innovation. D．Tourism and economy. 19．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us about the Grand Canal? A．Its development. B．Its bright future. C．Its significant role. D．Its historical value. 20．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Grand Canal: the Longest Man-made Project B．The Grand Canal: Bridge Linking Northern, Southern China C．The Grand Canal: Non-commercial Development Needed D．The Grand Canal: Transportation Function to Be Restored 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的概况和重要性，以及现代社会为保护和进一步利用运河所采取的措施。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It represents the wisdom and determination of the Chinese people.(它代表了中国人民的智慧和决心)”可知，京杭大运河代表了中国人民的智慧和决心。故选D项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The construction of cultural and ecological (生态的) parks along the canal is one of the most important elements of protective measures.(运河沿线文化生态公园的建设是运河保护措施的重要内容之一)”和第四段中“The city has turned unused areas into gardens, and wastelands into wetlands along the riverbank—a series of measures aimed at restoring the original appearance of the canal.(城市将未使用的区域变成了花园，将河边的荒地变成了湿地——一系列旨在恢复运河原貌的措施)”等可知，大运河保护措施主要是文化和生态方面。故选B项。 19．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has continued to serve as a link between northern and southern China. It also further promotes the economic, agricultural and ecological development of the cities and towns along its banks.(京杭大运河继续作为连接中国南北的桥梁。它还进一步促进了两岸城镇的经济、农业和生态发展)”等可知，本段主要介绍了京杭大运河的重要作用。故选C项。 20．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest man-made river in the world. Starting in the capital Beijing, it passes through several provinces, linking China’s five main river basins (流域).(京杭大运河，也被称为京杭大运河，是世界上最长的人工河流。它从首都北京开始，经过几个省份，连接了中国的五大河流流域)”可知，本文概括性地介绍大运河的地位和作用，同时也介绍了大运河的保护措施以及运河自古至今的历史贡献。B项“大运河：连接中国南北的桥梁”可以作为一个合适的标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·福建漳州·期末）Beavers are famous for building dams out of trees and branches that they cut with their powerful front teeth. The animals also use grass, stones and mud to make these structures stronger. But why do they do so? Simply put, beavers build dams to stay safe, which is particularly challenging because of their clumsy (笨拙的) body shape and movements. “Beavers are 18 to 36 kilograms of meat with really short legs,” says fisheries biologist Chris Jordan. This makes them easy targets for predators (捕食者). “When beavers are on land, they’re so clumsy, like big chickens walking around that any predator would love to have for a meal,” says another scientist Emily Fairfax. “But when they’re in the water, they’re almost invincible. They’re excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for 10 to 15 minutes. By building a dam, they create a pond(池塘), and that pond is their safety zone.” These ponds are deep enough for beavers to hide from predators such as mountain lions, bears and wolves. Dams can also flood areas to bring them closer to their main food sources, which include bark and leaves from trees and other plants. Although dams protect beavers, they do not live inside them. Instead, they often live in oven-shaped lodges made of sticks, grass and other materials, in families of five on average. Interestingly, beaver dams benefit not only their creators, but many other species as well. “Beaver dams help slow down water and keep it on the landscape longer,” says Fairfax. “This turns simple streams into thriving wetlands. The amount of food and water available there makes them ideal habitats for many different species. That’s one reason why beavers are a keystone species.” Therefore, restoring beavers to their original habitats can help reduce the effects of climate change and benefit their ecosystems. There, their dams slow down the flow of water, and some of it is stored in the ground. This means that plant roots have access to water even during droughts, which helps to keep vegetation lush (植被繁茂). As such, the dams can bear heat. It is inspiring to see how well beavers are able to survive in a changing climate and do some of the climate change adaptation work that humans have been trying to do. 21．Why do beavers build dams according to the text? A．To get away from heat. B．To practice swimming. C．To make their teeth powerful. D．To escape from being attacked. 22．What does the underlined word “invincible” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unconquerable. B．Independent. C．Brave. D．Sensitive. 23．What’s the benefit of beavers’ dams? A．Increasing the population of beavers. B．Improving the climate in the region. C．Giving more living places to beavers. D．Supporting the survival of various species. 24．What’s the author’s attitude to beavers’ work? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Uninterested. D．Unclear. 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．D 24．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海狸因笨拙筑坝造池塘避天敌、近食物，其堤坝有益多种物种，助减缓气候变化，作者称赞了其适应力。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Simply put, beavers build dams to stay safe, which is particularly challenging because of their clumsy (笨拙的) body shape and movements.(简单来说，河狸建造水坝是为了保障自身安全，但这颇具挑战性，因为它们笨拙的体型和行动方式使其难以应对)”以及第三段“When beavers are on land, they’re so clumsy, like big chickens walking around that any predator would love to have for a meal(当河狸在陆地上时，它们非常笨拙，就像大公鸡四处走动，任何捕食者都会很乐意将其当作一顿美餐)”可知，河狸建造水坝的原因是为了躲避攻击。故选D。 22．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They’re excellent swimmers and can hold their breath for 10 to 15 minutes.(他们游泳技术精湛，能够屏住呼吸长达10到15分钟)”可知，海狸在水中是优秀的游泳者，能憋气10到15分钟，结合前文“This makes them easy targets for predators (捕食者).(这使得它们很容易成为捕食者的攻击目标)”提到“在陆地上易被攻击”的对比，可推断“invincible”意为“不可战胜的，难以对付的”。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Beaver dams help slow down water and keep it on the landscape longer,” says Fairfax. “This turns simple streams into thriving wetlands. The amount of food and water available there makes them ideal habitats for many different species. That’s one reason why beavers are a keystone species.”(费尔法克斯说：“河狸修建的水坝能够减缓水流速度，使水流在地表停留更长时间。这样一来，原本普通的溪流就会变成生机勃勃的湿地。那里丰富的食物和水源条件使其成为众多不同物种的理想栖息地。这就是为什么河狸是关键物种之一的原因。”)”可知，河狸修建的水坝有助于多种生物的生存。故选D。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, restoring beavers to their original habitats can help reduce the effects of climate change and benefit their ecosystems. There, their dams slow down the flow of water, and some of it is stored in the ground. This means that plant roots have access to water even during droughts, which helps to keep vegetation lush (植被繁茂). As such, the dams can bear heat. It is inspiring to see how well beavers are able to survive in a changing climate and do some of the climate change adaptation work that humans have been trying to do.(因此，将水獭放回它们原本的栖息地有助于减轻气候变化的影响，并有益于它们所生活的生态系统。在那里，它们建造的水坝会减缓水流速度，部分水流会渗入地下。这意味着即使在干旱时期，植物的根部也能获得水分，从而有助于保持植被茂盛。因此，这些水坝能够承受高温。看到水獭在不断变化的气候中如此出色地生存下来，并完成了一些人类一直试图完成的气候变化适应工作，真是令人鼓舞)”可知，作者对河狸的工作是赞成的。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $