专题03阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编）高一英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 高中英语期末议论文阅读汇编，聚焦“人与自我/社会/自然”主题，选材涵盖社交媒体焦虑、AI伦理、环境保护等时代热点，融合神经科学、心理学等跨学科视角，问题设计梯度分明。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（议论文）|多篇Passage，每篇4题|细节理解（如“ego depletion”含义）、推理判断（如作者对AI图像生成态度）、主旨归纳（如礼物赠送中自我表达的意义）|跨学科素材（神经发育与进化心理学分析外貌焦虑）、时代性情境（AI技术对艺术创作的影响）、批判性思维考查（如对“刺猬困境”中距离与连接的辩证思考）|

专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 2 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C Passage 2 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．A Passage 3 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C Passage 4 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B Passage 2 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B Passage 3 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D Passage 4 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B Passage 2 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D 12．B Passage 3 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）Contemporary discourse on “appearance anxiety” often reductively attributes it to social media exposure. However, a deeper interdisciplinary analysis reveals this phenomenon as a complex interplay of neurodevelopmental vulnerability, evolved social cognition, and hyper-commercialized visual culture. Adolescence is marked by significant prefrontal cortex maturation, a region governing self-evaluation and impulse control, concurrently with heightened sensitivity in the limbic system’s social pain networks. This neurobiological mismatch renders teenagers acutely susceptible to perceived social evaluation, including aesthetic judgment. From an evolutionary psychology perspective, attention to appearance is not inherently pathological; it stems from hardwired mechanisms for assessing health, fertility, and social status within groups. The modern distortion lies in the industrialization of this instinct. A 2024 meta-analysis in JAMA Pediatrics correlates the rise in dysmorphic concern not merely with screen time, but specifically with algorithmic platforms that create homogenized, digitally altered “beauty templates” and facilitate constant social comparison with curated, often unattainable, peer imagery. This constitutes a perpetual, quantified social ranking system operating at an unprecedented scale and intensity. The consequences extend beyond transient distress. Chronic appearance-based self-criticism can lead to a cognitive habit of “self-objectification,” where individuals, particularly females, internalize an observer’s perspective on their own bodies. This persistent surveillance diverts finite cognitive resources — a process termed “ego depletion” — undermining performance on tasks requiring focused attention, such as academic work or complex problem-solving. Longitudinal data further links severe appearance anxiety to altered risk-reward calculations, increasing susceptibility to risky cosmetic procedures and disordered eating as maladaptive coping strategies. Mitigating this issue requires moving beyond simplistic “digital detox” prescriptions. Effective interventions must be tiered: fostering critical media literacy to deconstruct idealized imagery; promoting embodiment practices that shift focus from appearance to physical functionality and internal sensation; and systematically restructuring social environments — beginning with schools and families — to value and reward attributes like curiosity, kindness, and mastery over aesthetic conformity. 1．What does the passage suggest is a deeper cause of appearance anxiety beyond social media? A．A simple lack of parental supervision and guidance during teenage years. B．A temporary phase of hormonal imbalance that resolutions naturally with age. C．A neurodevelopmental mismatch coupled with the industrialization of evolved instincts. D．A deliberate marketing strategy by fashion corporations to increase clothing sales. 2．According to the 2024 meta-analysis, what specific aspect of digital platforms is most correlated with dysmorphic concern? A．The total amount of time spent on any screen-based activity. B．The use of algorithms that promote uniform beauty standards and foster social comparison. C．The exposure to anonymous negative comments and cyberbullying from strangers. D．The bright blue light emission that disrupts circadian rhythms and mood regulation. 3．The term “ego depletion” in the passage refers to which resulting problem? A．The physical exhaustion resulting from excessive exercise aimed at changing one’s body. B．The financial burden caused by spending too much money on beauty products and treatments. C．The diversion of mental resources away from tasks requiring concentration, harming performance. D．The loss of personal identity and individuality through blind imitation of online influencers. 4．Which approach is NOT mentioned by the author as a recommended tiered intervention? A．Developing skills to critically analyze and understand media content. B．Encouraging practices that connect individuals with bodily feelings beyond looks. C．Creating environments that appreciate non-aesthetic qualities like kindness and curiosity. D．Implementing government regulations to ban all digitally altered advertisements. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章从跨学科视角深入剖析了外貌焦虑的成因，指出其源于神经发育脆弱性、进化本能与商业化视觉文化的复杂互动，并提出了多层次干预措施。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, a deeper interdisciplinary analysis reveals this phenomenon as a complex interplay of neurodevelopmental vulnerability, evolved social cognition, and hyper-commercialized visual culture.(然而，更深层次的跨学科分析揭示，这一现象是神经发育脆弱性、进化社会认知和超商业化视觉文化的复杂相互作用。)”以及第二段“The modern distortion lies in the industrialization of this instinct.(现代的扭曲在于这种本能的工业化。)”可知，外貌焦虑的深层原因是神经发育不匹配与进化本能工业化的结合。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A 2024 meta-analysis in JAMA Pediatrics correlates the rise in dysmorphic concern not merely with screen time, but specifically with algorithmic platforms that create homogenized, digitally altered ‘beauty templates’ and facilitate constant social comparison with curated, often unattainable, peer imagery.”(《美国医学会儿科杂志》2024年的一项荟萃分析将身体畸形担忧的增加不仅与屏幕时间相关联，而且特别与那些创建同质化、经过数字修改的“美丽模板”并促进人们与精心策划、往往无法企及的同伴形象进行持续社会比较的算法平台相关联。)”可知，与身体畸形担忧最相关的是算法平台推广统一审美标准和促进社交比较。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“This persistent surveillance diverts finite cognitive resources — a process termed “ego depletion” — undermining performance on tasks requiring focused attention, such as academic work or complex problem-solving.(这种持续的监视转移了有限的认知资源——这一过程被称为“ego depletion”—削弱了在需要集中注意力的任务（如学业或复杂问题解决）上的表现。)”可推知，“ego depletion”指的是心理资源被转移从而损害需要专注的任务的表现。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Effective interventions must be tiered: fostering critical media literacy to deconstruct idealized imagery; promoting embodiment practices that shift focus from appearance to physical functionality and internal sensation; and systematically restructuring social environments — beginning with schools and families — to value and reward attributes like curiosity, kindness, and mastery over aesthetic conformity.(有效的干预措施必须是分层的：培养批判性媒体素养以解构理想化的形象；促进身体实践，将焦点从外表转移到身体功能和内在感觉上；以及系统地重构社会环境——从学校和家庭开始——以重视和奖励好奇心、善良、精通等品质，而不是审美趋同。)”可知，文中提到了A“培养批判性分析和理解媒体内容的技能。”、B“鼓励将个人与外表之外的身体感受联系起来的实践。”、C“创造重视善良和好奇心等非审美品质的环境。”三项，未提及D项“实施政府法规禁止所有经过数字修改的广告”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）The “hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma” is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance. This sad story became widely discussed. Sigmund Freud and modern scientists studied this idea. In 2015, an award-winning short film called Hedgehog retold this story. How does this apply to real life? Most people remember being hurt by close relationships – broken friendships, family conflicts, or romantic betrayals. Since these connections matter deeply, their damage hurts more. Should we stop trusting others? Schopenhauer said yes, but science would say otherwise. A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer. The National Institute on Aging warns that loneliness harms health as much as smoking 15 cigarettes daily – making Schopenhauer’s advice concerning. When hurt repeatedly, people often fall into defense mode. Relationship expert Hilary Sanders explains common defense behaviors: going silent during arguments, seeing normal comments as criticism, or overreacting to small issues. These reactions often start in childhood. If parents often criticized or classmates bullied someone, they might develop habits like pretending not to care or getting angry easily. While these helped survive childhood pain, they cause problems in adult relationships when used unconsciously. The good news is people can change. Through therapy, many learn to recognize their defense patterns and understand their origins. Couples can improve relationships by learning each other’s emotional triggers and responding thoughtfully instead of arguing. However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn’t be removed suddenly — it’s like taking down a wall brick by brick. Although Schopenhauer focused on the pain of closeness, the hedgehog story actually shows our deep need for connection. Unlike real hedgehogs, humans aren’t born with physical spines. By carefully lowering our defenses around trustworthy people, we might truly enjoy both warmth and safety in relationships. 5．Why does the author mention the hedgehog dilemma in paragraph 1? A．To stress its importance. B．To support Schopenhauer’s advice. C．To recommend Schopenhauer’s book. D．To introduce the theme of relationship. 6．What is Schopenhauer’s key solution to the “hedgehog dilemma”? A．Ignore pain. B．Seek therapy. C．Avoid closeness. D．Build walls. 7．What major evidence goes against Schopenhauer’s advice? A．Freud’s studies. B．Long life from social ties. C．Henry’s short film. D．Defense behavior of people. 8．What does Sanders say about close connection? A．People should make gradual progress in it. B．Humans can benefit from it unconsciously. C．It can help children relieve childhood pain. D．Couples should learn to defend it thoughtfully. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕德国哲学家叔本华提出的“刺猬困境” 展开，探讨了人际关系中的距离与亲密问题。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“The “hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma” is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance.( “刺猬困境”是德国哲学家叔本华的一个著名比喻。在他1851年出版的书中，他通过一个关于刺猬的故事描述了人类如何在人际关系中挣扎。他的建议很简单：保持距离。)”可知，文章第一段提到“刺猬困境”这一著名隐喻，接着阐述其在现实生活人际关系中的体现，如亲密关系中的伤害等 。所以作者提及“刺猬困境” 是为了引出关于人际关系这一主题。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His advice was simple: keep your distance.( 他的建议很简单：保持距离。)”可知，叔本华对于“刺猬困境”的核心解决办法是保持距离，也就是避免亲密（Avoid closeness）。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer. The National Institute on Aging warns that loneliness harms health as much as smoking 15 cigarettes daily – making Schopenhauer’s advice concerning.(《公共科学图书馆·医学》杂志上的一项研究回顾了148项涉及30多万人的研究，发现那些社交关系强的人寿命要长50%。美国国家老龄化研究所警告说，孤独对健康的危害与每天吸15支烟一样大——这使得叔本华的建议令人担忧。)”可知，社交关系带来的长寿这一主要证据，与叔本华的建议相悖。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn’t be removed suddenly — it’s like taking down a wall brick by brick.( 然而，桑德斯警告说，防御不应该突然拆除，就像一砖一瓦地拆墙一样。)”可知，桑德斯认为人们在建立亲密关系时，不应突然去除防御，要像一砖一瓦拆除墙一样循序渐进。故选A项。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·北京房山·期末）“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere.” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation (生成), where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts. But closer examination shows strangeness. The face of the woman in my image has very strange features, and appears to be holding various books. And, while I did feel excited at seeing an image appear, I didn’t have any creative satisfaction. AI image generation could impact everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Basically, art is translating what you feel inside into something that exists outside. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that purposely copy the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is adding emotion and details into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to devaluation of the work of artists. People may think that their AI-generated “work” is as acceptable as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s wrong, of course. The skills, effort, and vision of human artists shouldn’t be ignored. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but it cannot compare with the work of professional photographers. 1．The author mentioned Deep Dream Generator to ______. A．introduce the topic of AI image generation B．share the author’s personal experience C．promote the latest AI image generator D．describe the author’s dream device 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．AI image generation lacks the true creative process of human art. B．AI image generators are unable to fulfill the complex prompts. C．Children’s illustrators are eager to adopt AI image generation. D．Human emotional input can be added in AI image generation. 3．What does the word “devaluation” underlined in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Improvement in quality. B．Decrease in worth. C．Drop in creativity. D．Change in style. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards AI image generation? A．Satisfied. B．Worried. C．Optimistic. D．Puzzled. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了AI图像生成技术的兴起、AI技术对人类艺术创造力的影响、潜在的问题以及对艺术家作品价值的冲击，作者对此表示了担忧。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段““Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere.” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. (“夜空下，女人读书，梦幻的氛围。”我在Deep Dream Generator的Text 2 Dream功能中输入。不到一分钟，系统就返回给我一张显示我所描述内容的图片)”以及第二段“Welcome to the world of AI image generation (生成), where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts.(欢迎来到AI图像生成的世界，在这里，你只需几个文本提示就能创作出表面上看似一流的艺术作品)”可知，作者提到自己用Deep Dream Generator创作图片是为了引出下文将要讨论的AI图像生成这一主题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Basically, art is translating what you feel inside into something that exists outside. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.(从本质上讲，艺术是将你内心的感受转化为外在存在的东西。无论它采取什么形式，真正的艺术更多的是关于创作过程，而不是最终的作品。而简单地按下一个按钮来生成图像并不是一个创作过程)”可知，AI图像生成缺乏人类艺术真正的创作过程。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“People may think that their AI-generated “work” is as acceptable as that created by someone who has spent a career making art.(人们可能认为他们AI生成的“作品”和那些花了一辈子时间创作艺术的人的作品一样可以被接受)”可知，人们可能会认为AI生成的作品和人类艺术家的作品一样有价值，结合常识可推知，既然AI生成的作品和人类艺术家的作品一样有价值，那么AI的广泛使用就会导致艺术家作品的价值降低，故“devaluation”意为“价值的降低”，与B项“Decrease in worth.”意思一致。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process.(而简单地按下一个按钮来生成图像并不是一个创作过程)”、第四段“Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues.(除了创造力之外，还有更深层次的问题)”以及最后一段“The increasing use of AI will also lead to devaluation of the work of artists.(AI的日益使用也将导致艺术家作品的贬值)”可推知，作者对AI图像生成持担忧态度。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”. It may help them prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while awaiting potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations. Other psychological theories, nevertheless, undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be more sensible to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst. 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The logic of preparing for the worst. B．The theory of comparing past and future. C．The conflict between people’s expectation and reality. D．The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst. 6．What does the underlined word “undermine” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strengthen. B．Propose. C．Weaken. D．Justify. 7．How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality? A．By reducing people’s chances of doing well. B．By stimulating people’s ambition and motivation. C．By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence. D．By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations. 8．Which would the author most likely agree with regarding “bracing for the worst”? A．It fully guarantees people a positive emotional experience. B．It may bring more drawbacks than benefits in practice. C．It is a universal solution for handling difficult situations. D．It has no impact on how people view real-life events. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“为最坏情况做准备(bracing)”展开讨论，介绍了相关心理理论，指出其弊端，认为抱有积极期望或许更明智。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, ‘decision affect theory’ proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations.(一些心理理论表明，为最坏情况做准备应该是有帮助的。例如，‘决策影响理论’提出，我们对一种情况的感受部分取决于将实际发生的事情与可能发生的事情进行比较。基于此，当一件事情超出我们的预期时，人们应该会感到高兴，而当一件事情未达预期时，人们会感到失望。因此，通过预期最坏的情况，人们可以避免未来的失望，因为任何结果都可能超出他们的预期)”可知，该段主要介绍了心理理论表明，通过预期最坏的情况，人们可以避免对未来的失望，因为任何结果都可能超出他们的预期。所以本段阐述了为最坏情况做准备背后的逻辑。故选A项。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Other psychological theories, nevertheless, undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established that expectations can powerfully influence reality.(然而，其他心理理论……认为为最坏情况做准备会有帮助的观点。从理论和科学上已经证实，期望会对现实产生强大的影响)”以及后文介绍期望影响现实导致为最坏情况做准备不一定有帮助，可推知，其他理论是削弱了这种认为为最坏情况做准备有帮助的观点。“undermine”意思是“削弱”，与C项“Weaken”同义。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance.(首先，人们的行为方式可能与他们的期望相符。如果你预计即将到来的考试或面试会失败，那么你可能不会投入精力去准备，这反过来会降低你表现出色的机会。其次，人们可能会按照自己的期望来解读一种情况。想象一下，你认为自己申请的一份工作资历不够。在面试过程中，你可能会根据这种信念来解读面试官的面无表情，这可能会对你的表现产生负面影响)”可知，消极期望可能会通过导致准备不足和一些错误解读来影响人们在现实中的表现。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be more sensible to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst.(综合这些科学研究，似乎期待最坏的情况绝不是为即将到来的消息或结果做准备的明智方式。抱有积极的期望可能比为最坏的情况做准备更明智)”可推断，作者认为在实践中，为最坏情况做准备可能带来的弊端多于好处。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·河北邯郸·期末）We live in a culture addicted to immediacy. We’re flooded with quick fixes-diet pills for rapid weight loss, fitness programs claiming “two-week body changes”, and language apps promising fluency through “10-minute daily lessons”. This addiction badly affects our view of real progress. True achievement, however, follows a different pattern. The saying “no pain, no gain” holds timeless wisdom: real success requires continuous effort. Ironically (讽刺的是), while we admire stories of perseverance — leaders overcoming failures, athletes recovering from severe injuries, we seek easy shortcuts ourselves. Actually, our belief in effortless change is a thief, stealing the essential process where struggles build strength. Nature shows how growth truly works. Significant changes occur through patient preparation, not rushed shortcuts. Consider bamboo. Hidden underground for years, it develops a strong but invisible root system. Only after this hidden labor does it shoot up rapidly. gaining nearly a meter in height daily. Similarly, a caterpillar (毛毛虫) completely breaks down into nutrient-rich liquid within its chrysalis (蝶蛹) before becoming into a butterfly with strong wings. These natural processes tell a rule that true progress comes from unseen work, not sudden jumps. Human efforts to rush natural processes often backfire. Forcing open a chrysalis to “help” the butterfly leaves its wings weak, as it skips key growth stages. Likewise, demanding instant results in skill development or emotional healing ruins the gradual brain changes and necessary mental adjustments. Even cherry flowers need months of winter rest to store energy—a reality often ignored in our rush for immediate beauty. Lasting change respects natural timelines rather than forcing strict deadlines. Skill mastery needs repeated practice to strengthen brain connections. Language fluency develops after thousands of practice hours, not through last-minute studying. By valuing hidden efforts over instant results, we hold the basic truth. When impatience pushes us toward quick fixes, let nature act as a reminder that greatness begins in silence before blooming into view. 1．What does the author think of people’s attitudes to success? A．They admire hard work but seek easy paths. B．They trust technology over personal growth. C．They praise others’ efforts and make their own. D．They favor short-term risks over long-term goals. 2．What can be learned about bamboo’s growth in Paragraph 3? A．It competes with other plants. B．It grows unseen roots first. C．It depends on outside support. D．It adapts to climate extremes. 3．What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Quicken processes. B．Require more efforts. C．Succeed unexpectedly. D．Produce opposite results. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Technology encourages skill mastery. B．Natural timelines ensure true growth. C．Strict schedules improve effectiveness. D．Nature requires no human assistance. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章批判了人们急于求成的心态，通过自然现象说明真正的进步源于默默努力和遵循自然规律，而非追求捷径。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ironically (讽刺的是), while we admire stories of perseverance — leaders overcoming failures, athletes recovering from severe injuries, we seek easy shortcuts ourselves.(讽刺的是，虽然我们钦佩那些坚持不懈的故事——领导者克服失败，运动员从重伤中恢复，但我们自己却在寻找捷径)”可知，人们钦佩努力奋斗的故事，但自己且在却寻求轻松的成功之路。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Consider bamboo. Hidden underground for years, it develops a strong but invisible root system. Only after this hidden labor does it shoot up rapidly.(以竹子为例。它在地下隐藏多年，发展出一个强大但看不见的根系。只有经过这种隐藏的努力之后，它才会迅速生长)”可知，竹子先生长看不见的根系。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Human efforts to rush natural processes often backfire. Forcing open a chrysalis to ‘help’ the butterfly leaves its wings weak, as it skips key growth stages. Likewise, demanding instant results in skill development or emotional healing ruins the gradual brain changes and necessary mental adjustments.(人类试图加速自然过程的努力往往backfire。强行打开蝶蛹来“帮助”蝴蝶会使它的翅膀变弱，因为它跳过了关键的生长阶段。同样，在技能发展或情感治愈方面要求立竿见影的效果会破坏大脑的逐渐变化和必要的心理调整)”可知，人类强行干预自然进程会产生与预期相反的结果，所以“backfire”意思是“产生相反的结果”。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Lasting change respects natural timelines rather than forcing strict deadlines. Skill mastery needs repeated practice to strengthen brain connections. Language fluency develops after thousands of practice hours, not through last-minute studying. By valuing hidden efforts over instant results, we hold the basic truth. When impatience pushes us toward quick fixes, let nature act as a reminder that greatness begins in silence before blooming into view.(持久的变化需顺应自然节奏，而非强加刻板期限。技能精进需通过反复练习强化大脑神经连接，语言流利度源于数千小时的积累，而非临时抱佛脚。唯有珍视隐性的努力而非即时结果，方能触及本质真理。当急躁驱使我们寻求捷径时，请以自然为鉴——伟大始于无声的积淀，终将绽放于世人眼前)”可知，本段举例说明了技能掌握和语言流利都需要遵循自然进程，即自然的节奏保障着真正的成长。故选B项。 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期末）While sending gifts, we naturally make choices based on the receiver. But what if we have been wrong all along and that we could turn things around, which not only made gift buying easier, but the receiver happier? In 2015, a psychologist Lauren Human did an online survey which suggested that when buying gifts, people preferred to choose something based on the receiver’s personality and tastes. Most people also said they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them. But Human wondered if this method of giving failed to take advantage of the way we connect as people. So he sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “shows your knowledge of the receiver” while the others bought a card that “shows your true self”. After shopping, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling closer to their mothers. To study how the method is received by receivers, he did another test, asking 100 students to choose a song to a friend, partner or family member. Each half of the group followed the same instructions as the card buyers. Results suggested that the receivers of songs which showed something of the givers felt closer to them than those who received gifts bought only with them in mind. Human suggests it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the goal” of a gift and surely it should be — then we “may well be advised to offer gifts showing ourselves more”. In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely satisfy the receiver’s practical needs or tastes as one gift gained simply with that in mind. Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk of showing poor knowledge of a receiver by trying to buy something that fits their character and failing. 9．What was the main finding of Lauren Human’s online survey in 2015? A．People prefer giving gifts based on their own tastes. B．Most people choose gifts that reflect the receiver’s personality. C．Receivers dislike gifts that show the giver’s true self. D．Gifts bought for special occasions are more meaningful. 10．What can we learn from the Mother’s Day card test? A．Most people choose gifts with the receiver in mind. B．Most people choose gifts based on their personal tastes. C．Gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the giver. D．Gifts chosen with the receiver in mind work well on the receiver. 11．What matters most in gift giving according to the text? A．Making the giver’s life happier. B．Meeting the receiver’s practical needs. C．Showing one’s knowledge of the receiver. D．Building and strengthening social connections. 12．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Art of Choosing Perfect Gifts B．The Psychology Behind Perfect Gift Selection C．Why Self-Reflective Gifts Strengthen Bonds D．How to Avoid Gift-Giving Mistakes 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了送礼的方式，指出传统基于接收者性格和喜好来挑选礼物的方法或许并非最佳，通过心理学家的系列研究论证送礼时展现送礼者自身能让送礼者与接收者关系更亲密，进而提出为使礼物有意义应展现自我这一观点，并阐述了这样做的好处。 9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2015, a psychologist Lauren Human did an online survey which suggested that when buying gifts, people preferred to choose something based on the receiver’s personality and tastes. Most people also said they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them.( 2015年，心理学家Lauren Human做了一项在线调查，结果显示，人们买礼物时更倾向于根据收礼人的性格和喜好来挑选。大多数人也表示，他们更喜欢收到那些明显是为自己精心挑选的礼物 —— 也就是“为他们而选”的礼物。)”可知，Lauren Human 2015年的在线调查主要发现是：人们买礼物时倾向于根据收礼人的性格和喜好来挑选，且大多数人也喜欢收到为自己精心挑选的礼物。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“So he sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “shows your knowledge of the receiver” while the others bought a card that “shows your true self”. After shopping, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling closer to their mothers.(于是，在母亲节前夕，他让78名志愿者去购物中心购物。一半人被要求买一张“能体现你对收礼人了解”的贺卡，另一半人则要买一张“能展现真实自我”的贺卡。购物结束后，那些在挑选时多少考虑了自身的送礼者表示，自己感觉和母亲的距离更近了。)”可知，在母亲节卡片测试中，那些在选择礼物时部分考虑到自己的送礼者，报告说感觉与母亲更亲近了。这说明考虑到送礼者自身的礼物对送礼者效果很好。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Human suggests it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the goal” of a gift and surely it should be — then we “may well be advised to offer gifts showing ourselves more”.(Human认为，这一点可能适用于所有礼物。“如果送礼物的目的是建立更牢固的社会关系——而且毫无疑问理应如此——那么我们‘或许应该多送一些能展现自我的礼物’。)”可知，送礼的目标应该是建立更牢固的社会联系，这也是送礼中最重要的事。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely satisfy the receiver’ s practical needs or tastes as one gift gained simply with that in mind. Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk of showing poor knowledge of a receiver by trying to buy something that fits their character and failing.(简而言之，要让一份礼物有意义，你得在其中融入一点自己的东西，即便这样做可能存在风险：相比那些完全只考虑收礼人需求而挑选的礼物，这份礼物可能无法那么贴切地满足收礼人的实际需求或喜好。此外，送包含自身特质的礼物可能更稳妥，因为当你试图买一件符合收礼人性格的礼物却失败时，很容易显得你对对方了解不足，而融入自我的礼物能降低这种风险。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要围绕体现自我的礼物如何增进人际关系展开的。选项C“Why Self-Reflective Gifts Strengthen Bonds(为何体现自我的礼物能增进感情)”精准概括了实验结论和文章主旨，符合文意。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It’s rare that researchers question theories that make up the backbone of whole fields. But in Evolution Evolving, Kevin Lala and four other evolutionary biologists do just that. Their philosophically informed discussion challenges the textbook version of evolutionary theory, the natural selection of DNA mutations(突变), which arise at random. Lala and colleagues argue that how an organism develops also plays a central part in evolution. They have been advocating this extended evolutionary theory for more than a decade, adding depth to evolutionary theorizing. The authors explain how development — influenced by the conditions in which organisms live — drives how an organism looks, behaves and evolves. To demonstrate this, they give the example of the Mexican tetra fish Astyanax mexicanus. Some populations of Astyanax mexicanus are blind cave fish living in darkness. Others, genetically distinct, consist of sighted, surface dwellers(栖身者). If the surface-dwelling fish are kept in total darkness for two years, they develop traits similar to those of the blind cave fish, including a better ability to store fat — beneficial in a dark environment, where the next meal is hard to come by. The stress of darkness seems to activate sets of genes that change the fishes’ development. New traits do not arise at random. Some are more likely than others. Understanding such “developmental biases” can enable researchers to better understand how traits originate and what directions future evolution might take. As the authors put it, “evolution must proceed where development leads.” Another aspect of evolution often ignored or downplayed by traditional evolutionists is the passing down of traits through generations in ways that do not involve variations in DNA structure. Furthermore, some organisms construct environments to benefit the development of following generations. Dung beetles, for instance, make balls of cow waste, into which they add their own waste as food, and lay a single egg. The nutrients and microbes in these balls influence how the young develop, and in turn the sizes and shapes of the beetles and how they evolve. In my opinion, this is a fundamental shift in thinking. Rather than just studying which traits are selected, evolutionary researchers also need to establish the developmental construction and inheritance of these traits. 13．Why is the Mexican tetra fish talked about? A．To criticize the limitations of evolution theory. B．To explain how DNA mutations occur randomly. C．To provide evidence for developmental choices. D．To compare blind cave fish and surface-dwelling fish. 14．How do Duang Beetles evolve? A．By selecting specific traits via natural selection. B．By varying their DNA through added microbes. C．By passing down mutated genes in cow waste. D．By constructing nutrient-rich environments. 15．What should future evolutionary research focus on? A．Clarifying the development of non-genetic traits. B．Identifying more random DNA mutations. C．Providing traditional theories experiments. D．Studying what traits are selected in evolution. 16．What is the article mainly about? A．Non-DNA inheritance plays a significant role in evolution. B．Random DNA mutations remain the only drivers of evolution. C．Traditional evolutionary theory should be replaced. D．The Mexican tetra fish is the result of natural selection. 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕进化生物学家Kevin Lala及其同事对传统进化理论的挑战展开讨论，提出了扩展进化理论，强调生物发育在进化中的核心作用，同时批评了传统进化论的局限性，最后呼吁进化研究者转变思维，关注性状的发育构建和遗传方式。 13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The authors explain how development — influenced by the conditions in which organisms live — drives how an organism looks, behaves and evolves. To demonstrate this, they give the example of the Mexican tetra fish Astyanax mexicanus.(作者们阐释了生物体的发育——受其生存环境条件的影响——如何决定生物体的外形、行为及进化方向。为了说明这一点，他们举了墨西哥脂鲤的例子。)”可知，作者以墨西哥脂鲤为例是为了证明生物体的发育（受生存环境影响）驱动其外形、行为和进化这一观点。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Dung beetles, for instance, make balls of cow waste, into which they add their own waste as food, and lay a single egg. The nutrients and microbes in these balls influence how the young develop, and in turn the sizes and shapes of the beetles and how they evolve.(例如，蜣螂会制作牛粪球，在里面加入自己的排泄物作为食物，然后产下一枚卵。这些粪球中的营养物质和微生物会影响幼虫的发育，进而影响蜣螂的大小、形状及其进化。)”可知，蜣螂通过构建富含营养的环境来进化。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“In my opinion, this is a fundamental shift in thinking. Rather than just studying which traits are selected, evolutionary researchers also need to establish the developmental construction and inheritance of these traits.(在我看来，这是一种根本性的思维转变。进化研究人员不仅需要研究哪些特征被选择保留，还需要确定这些特征的发育构建过程和遗传方式。)”可知，未来的进化研究不应只关注哪些特征被选择，还需要确定这些特征的发育构建和遗传。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要介绍了《进化在演进》一书中提出的扩展进化理论，该理论挑战了传统进化论中DNA 随机突变是进化唯一驱动力的观点，强调生物体的发育过程（受环境影响）和非 DNA 结构变异的遗传方式（如通过环境构建影响后代发育）在进化中起核心作用。文章通过墨西哥脂鲤的例子说明发育对进化的驱动，通过蜣螂的例子说明非DNA遗传方式的影响，最终指出进化研究应关注特征的发育构建和遗传，核心是强调非 DNA 遗传在进化中的重要性。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）In modern society, the concept of beauty is often a topic of heated discussion. From fashion magazines filled with images of models with flawless skin and perfect figures to the countless beauty-related products on the market, external beauty seems to be highly emphasized. However, a closer look reveals that true beauty involves more than just what meets the eye. In ancient Greek philosophy, beauty was considered a virtue. The Greeks believed that a person’s inner qualities should match their outward appearance. Socrates, a wise philosopher, was an example of this. Despite his plain looks, he was highly respected for his wisdom, courage, and noble character. His teachings often focused on the contradictions between inner and outer beauty, reminding his followers that true value lies within. Christianity, to some extent, changed the perception of beauty. It placed moral virtue at the center, making beauty seem more like a shallow temptation. This led to a separation between inner and outer beauty in people’s minds, with inner beauty associated with moral qualities and outer beauty seen as more about physical appearance. In our daily lives, we can observe the differences between inner and outer beauty. A person with a beautiful face may not necessarily have a kind heart. For instance, someone who is always well-dressed and physically attractive but is arrogant and unkind in conversations will quickly lose their charm in others’ eyes. On the other hand, a person with a warm smile, a kind word, and a helpful nature is often regarded as beautiful, regardless of their physical features. Inner beauty, such as kindness, compassion, and intelligence, is enduring. It is not affected by age or external factors. A kind-hearted person will always be remembered and admired for their good deeds, while physical beauty fades over time. Moreover, inner beauty can also influence a person’s external appearance. A positive and optimistic attitude can make a person glow from within, adding a unique charm to their look. However, this doesn’t mean that external beauty is completely unimportant. Maintaining a neat appearance, dressing appropriately, and taking care of one’s health can boost self- confidence and make a good first impression. But it should be balanced with the cultivation of inner beauty. 17．According to the passage, in ancient Greek philosophy, what was the relationship between inner and outer beauty? A．Inner beauty was more important than outer beauty. B．Outer beauty was more emphasized than inner beauty. C．Inner and outer beauty were expected to match. D．There was no connection between inner and outer beauty. 18．What impact did Christianity have on the perception of beauty? A．It made beauty more important in people’s lives. B．It separated inner beauty from outer beauty and made beauty seem like a shallow temptation. C．It emphasized the unity of inner and outer beauty. D．It had no significant impact on the understanding of beauty. 19．What does the example of a well- dressed but arrogant person illustrate? A．Inner beauty is necessary to maintain one’s charm. B．External beauty is the most important factor. C．Arrogance is a sign of inner beauty. D．Good physical appearance can cover up bad qualities. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards the relationship between inner and outer beauty? A．Only inner beauty matters, and outer beauty can be ignored. B．Outer beauty is much more important than inner beauty. C．Both inner and outer beauty are important and should be balanced. D．Inner beauty and outer beauty are completely unrelated. 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨现代社会中美的概念，通过回顾古希腊哲学和基督教对美的认知，结合日常生活实例，阐述内在美与外在美的关系，强调两者都重要且应平衡发展。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Greeks believed that a person’s inner qualities should match their outward appearance.(希腊人认为一个人的内在品质应该与他们的外在表象相匹配)”可知，在古希腊哲学中，内在美和外在美被期望相互匹配。故选C项。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Christianity, to some extent, changed the perception of beauty. It placed moral virtue at the center, making beauty seem more like a shallow temptation. This led to a separation between inner and outer beauty in people’s minds(基督教在某种程度上改变了人们对美的认知。它将道德美德置于核心位置，使得美看起来更像是一种肤浅的诱惑。这导致在人们的观念中内在美和外在美产生了分离)”可知，基督教使内在美与外在美分离，并让美看似一种肤浅的诱惑。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“A person with a beautiful face may not necessarily have a kind heart. For instance, someone who is always well-dressed and physically attractive but is arrogant and unkind in conversations will quickly lose their charm in others’ eyes.(一个面容美丽的人不一定有一颗善良的心。例如，有些人总是穿着得体、外表迷人，但在交谈中傲慢无礼，很快就会在别人眼中失去魅力)”可知，这个例子表明仅有外在美而缺乏内在美，会使魅力丧失，说明内在美对保持魅力是必要的。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, this doesn’t mean that external beauty is completely unimportant. Maintaining a neat appearance, dressing appropriately, and taking care of one’s health can boost self-confidence and make a good first impression. But it should be balanced with the cultivation of inner beauty.(然而，这并不意味着外在美完全不重要。保持整洁的外表、穿着得体以及照顾好自己的健康可以增强自信并留下良好的第一印象。但它应该与内在美的培养相平衡)”可知，作者认为内在美和外在美都重要，应该平衡发展。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·河南商丘·期末）Walking around most large cities in Europe and the United States, you may find it easy and cheap to get shared bikes and cars ready to use with a tap on your phone — unless you are older, have a disability, lack a smartphone or credit card, or live in a poorer neighborhood. These services usually appear in richer areas and often can’t handle wheelchairs or child seats. As a result, most riders are young, able-bodied, well-off, and male. Shared mobility could be a key part of a more sustainable (可持续的) transportation system. If shared mobility could work for everyone, it might cut city traffic by as much as 90 percent and reduce transport emissions (排放) by half. But today, private cars still cover 61 percent of all travel in the Global North. To move more people away from private cars to shared ones is an important first step, because a lot of people are left out today. A 2019 study of 10 US cities, for example, showed that a fifth of low-income Americans still don’t have a smartphone and almost a quarter don’t have a bank account — both necessary for using most shared mobility services. A 2017 survey in Philadelphia, Chicago and Brooklyn showed that low-income people are just as interested in bikesharing as other groups, but less likely to use such a system: While 10 percent of higher-income people were members of a bikeshare system, only two percent of lower-income people were. How can we bridge the accessibility gap? In several US cities, low-income subsidy (补贴) programs have increased bikeshare use among underserved groups. In Buffalo, New York, an organization launched an “E-Bike Library” using 3,000 e-bikes retired by a private company. 71 percent of its members tried e-bikes for the first time, and 84 percent were low-income people. Simple fixes can make a big difference. When mobility providers include diverse voices in planning and care more about users’ needs, they build services that work for everyone. In that case, shared mobility can become truly fair, green, and effective. 21．What does the author intend to point out in paragraph 1? A．Kids should respect wheelchair users. B．People are glued to their mobile phones. C．Access to shared mobility is unequal. D．It’s hard to find a shared car in the US. 22．What percentage of all travel in the Global North do private cars account for? A．50%. B．61%. C．75%. D．90%. 23．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The challenges facing shared mobility. B．A significant increase in people’s income. C．The downside of the bikeshare service. D．A change in personal preference for bikes. 24．What does the author expect mobility providers to do? A．Fix broken bikes in time. B．Put more effort into e-cars. C．Voice their views on travel. D．Meet customers’ real needs. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨共享出行在普及过程中存在的不平等问题以及如何解决以实现公平、绿色和高效。 21．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Walking around most large cities in Europe and the United States, you may find it easy and cheap to get shared bikes and cars ready to use with a tap on your phone — unless you are older, have a disability, lack a smartphone or credit card, or live in a poorer neighborhood. These services usually appear in richer areas and often can’t handle wheelchairs or child seats.(在欧洲和美国的大多数大城市里走动，你可能会发现只需在手机上轻点一下，就能轻松且廉价地使用共享单车和共享汽车——除非你年纪较大、有残疾、没有智能手机或信用卡，或者生活在较贫困的社区。这些服务通常出现在较富裕的地区，而且往往无法适配轮椅或儿童座椅)”可知，作者通过描述不同人群使用共享出行服务的差异，意在指出共享出行的使用机会不平等。故选C项。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But today, private cars still cover 61 percent of all travel in the Global North.(但如今，在北半球，私家车出行仍占所有出行方式的61%。)”可知，在北半球，私家车占所有出行的61%。故选B项。 23．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“A 2019 study of 10 US cities, for example, showed that a fifth of low - income Americans still don’t have a smartphone and almost a quarter don’t have a bank account — both necessary for using most shared mobility services. A 2017 survey in Philadelphia, Chicago and Brooklyn showed that low-income people are just as interested in bikesharing as other groups, but less likely to use such a system: While 10 percent of higher-income people were members of a bikeshare system, only two percent of lower-income people were.(例如，2019年对美国10个城市的一项研究表明，五分之一的低收入美国人仍然没有智能手机，近四分之一的人没有银行账户——这两者都是使用大多数共享出行服务所必需的。2017年在费城、芝加哥和布鲁克林进行的一项调查显示，低收入人群与其他群体一样对共享单车感兴趣，但使用这种系统的可能性较小：高收入人群中有10%是共享单车系统的会员，而低收入人群中只有2%是)”可知，该段主要通过研究和调查数据表明低收入人群使用共享出行服务存在困难，即共享出行面临的挑战。故选A项。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When mobility providers include diverse voices in planning and care more about users’ needs, they build services that work for everyone.(当出行服务提供商在规划中纳入不同的声音，并更多地关注用户的需求时，他们就能打造出适合每个人的服务)”可知，作者期望出行服务提供商满足客户的实际需求。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末）When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as me re entertainment (娱乐), but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired in any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, and our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize. 9．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To share a student’s experience. B．To lead into the topic. C．To describe a new study. D．To introduce some ways of entertainment. 10．In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz as an example to ______. A．compare it with rock music B．introduce American musical traditions C．show music reflects a society D．prove music is as useful as other subjects 11．What do we know about the arts and science according to the passage? A．They explain what it means to be human differently. B．They explore different phenomena of the world. C．They express people’s feelings in different ways. D．They approach the world from different points of view. 12．What is the author’s attitude to the influence of music education on students? A．Unknown. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章开篇指出在学生和家长对学科的排名中艺术常居末位，音乐被视为娱乐而非教育重点这一错误观点，随后从多个方面阐述音乐教育对学生至关重要且益处多多，有力反驳了开篇的短视看法。 【详解】9．推理判断题。根据第一段“When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment (娱乐), but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. (当学生和家长被要求根据重要性对学科进行排名时，艺术不可避免地排在最后。人们似乎会说，音乐不错，但并不重要。它常常被视为纯粹的娱乐，但肯定不是教育的优先事项。这种观点是短视的)”可知，作者先陈述了人们对音乐不重视这一现象，接着表明这种观点短视，由此引出下文对音乐重要性的论述。所以第一段的功能是引出话题。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段“Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. (音乐告诉我们我们是谁。因为音乐是创造它的人的一种表达，它反映了他们的思想和价值观，以及它所来自的社会环境。摇滚乐就像舒伯特的歌曲一样，代表了一种生活方式。乔治·格什温和其他音乐家将爵士乐的影响引入他们的音乐中，这种影响显然是美国的，因为它来自美国的音乐传统。音乐表达了我们的性格和价值观。它赋予我们社会身份)”可知，第二段主要论述音乐反映了社会，接着以爵士乐为例，进一步说明了音乐反映了社会。故选C。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. (科学可以解释太阳是如何升起和落下的。艺术探索同一现象的情感意义。我们需要用一切可能的方式去发现和回应我们的世界，原因很简单但很有力：没有一种方式能涵盖一切。艺术是一种思想形式，它在传达信息方面与数学和科学符号一样强大)”可知，科学和艺术从不同的角度去探索和回应世界，因此体现了它们从不同角度看待世界。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.”(音乐是我们表达人类苦难、庆祝、和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式。所以音乐教育比人们意识到的要重要得多)”可知，作者认为音乐教育非常重要，对音乐教育对学生的影响持积极态度。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 13．What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A．The process of building and shaping AI. B．The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C．The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D．The interplay between AI and humans. 14．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A．To support an argument. B．To state a phenomenon. C．To showcase a practice. D．To oppose an opinion. 15．What does the author advise us to do? A．Hide emotional struggles. B．Delete historical database. C．Suit the action to the word. D．Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 16．What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A．AI melts into our lives. B．AI mirrors our mindset. C．We make wise choices. D．We remain responsible. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人工智能不仅融入日常生活，还反映人类价值观，提醒人们言行一致。 13．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves.(理解这项强大的技术将如何改变我们的日常活动和体验是很重要的。但这并不是the whole picture。我们还需要密切关注我们如何构建和塑造人工智能本身，以及这一过程向我们展示了什么关于我们自己的信息)”可知，“the whole picture”指的是人工智能与人类之间的相互作用，即人工智能如何影响人类以及人类如何塑造人工智能。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法).(我们创造的每一个AI系统都像一面镜子，清晰地反映着我们的价值观和观点。以招聘算法为例)”可推知，作者提到招聘算法是为了支持其关于人工智能反映人类价值观和观点的论点。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles.(随着人工智能变得越来越强大，我们必须更加努力地确保我们的行动遵循我们的原则)”可Yui知，作者建议我们言行一致，确保行动符合原则。故选C。 16．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see.(随着我们继续将人工智能融入生活，我们必须认识到，这些系统不仅仅预测我们的行为；它们还反映了我们的性格。反思that reflection能让我们做出更好、更有原则的选择，但前提是我们愿意仔细观察，并为我们所看到的承担责任)”可知，此处“that reflection”指的是人工智能对我们心态的映射，即人工智能如何反映我们的思想和价值观。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·重庆·期末）If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of outlining our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages-and-thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to finely adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes “This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh (匹配),” says Robert Wiley, a cognitive (认知的) psychologist at the Unıversity of North Carolina, adding “such complexity is vital to mental development.” Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters, which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math achievement. If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, their brains simply won’t reach their full potential. For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own. On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through Ideas. Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to take advantage of the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form. 17．What does the author mainly convey in paragraph 1? A．Abandoning handwriting is unwise. B．Handwritten communication is out of date. C．Digital literacy is ignored nowadays. D．Computer courses are unusual in preschools. 18．Why is handwriting considered a complex task? A．It demands high creativity in designing each letter. B．It involves precise finger pressure and visual adjustment. C．It relies entirely on visual processing to shape the letters. D．It requires consistent pressure from the fingers to form letters. 19．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Blind typing contributes to brain development. B．Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards. C．Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked. D．Adults have the ability to memorize complex information. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens? A．Cautious. B．Unconcerned. C．Critical. D．Favourable. 【答案】17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了手写的重要性及不可替代性。 17．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost.(虽然电子键盘提供了明显的效率优势，但放弃手写可能会付出巨大的代价)”可知，作者认为虽然电子键盘有优势，但放弃手写代价很大，即放弃手写是不明智的。故选A。 18．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“Motor system has to finely adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes “This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh (匹配),” says Robert Wiley, a cognitive (认知的) psychologist at the Unıversity of North Carolina, adding “such complexity is vital to mental development.(运动系统必须精细地调整每个手指对笔施加的压力，以重现每个字母。更复杂的是，你的视觉系统必须在字母形成时持续对其进行处理，同时你的大脑要实时对手指动作做出调整，以塑造出字母的形态。北卡罗来纳大学的认知心理学家罗伯特·威利表示：“这一过程能让你将自身动作与所见之物相匹配。”他还补充道：“这种复杂性对大脑发育至关重要。”)”可知，手写需要精确的手指压力和视觉调整，因此复杂。故选B。 19．推理判断题。 根据第三段中“On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through Ideas.(另一方面，手写笔记迫使他们只写关键词，并使用图画或箭头来梳理思路)”可推知，手写标记有助于将想法联系起来。故选C。 20．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to take advantage of the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form.(实际上，我们不必放弃数位板和智能笔等数字工具，就能利用手写的力量。最近的研究表明，在屏幕上写字和在纸上写字激活的大脑通路是一样的。重要的是动作，而不是最终形式)”可知，作者对使用数字笔持支持态度。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·浙江宁波·期末）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undoubtedly changed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation (航行). Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp loss in special memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability (适应性). Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 21．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph I probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 22．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The meaningful engagement. B．The fast but worthless relief. C．The lack of necessary comfort. D．The loss of thinking ability. 23．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Writing an email using voice-to-text. D．Exploring a new city by using GPS. 24．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GPS: the invisible (隐形的) cost of convenience. B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage. C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience. D．Smartphones: barriers (障碍) to human progress. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了现代社会中人们对数字技术的过度依赖及其带来的负面影响，强调了适度不适的重要性，并提出了通过“微量困难”（microdosing hardship）来增强个人适应力和韧性。 21．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched.(想象一下，有一天早上醒来，发现你的智能手机不见了。你再也不能用它导航去上班，点咖啡，或者和朋友联系了。对我们大多数人来说，这是一场噩梦。但这并不_____)”可知，这里的语境是假设智能手机突然消失的情景虽然令人不安，但它不应该是不能被接受的。故划线词意思是“不能被接受”。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.(这一切都是因为我们越来越依赖社交媒体和智能技术，这些技术旨在提供快速的解脱，但往往以牺牲深刻而有意义的参与为代价，这可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽视的东西)”以及第三段“Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”可知，数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand.(把它想象成“微量困难”——一系列小的、可以管理的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，比如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗)”可知，采取“微量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以管理的困难的事情，A选项“爬楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合“微量困难”的含义。故选A。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious.(尽管我们比以往任何时候都更加数字化地联系在一起，但我们却更加孤独和焦虑)”、第三段“Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)”以及第四段中“That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us.(这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)”可知，文章主要讲述了现代生活中人们过于依赖智能手机和各种智能技术，造成了一些不良后果，如焦虑、抑郁、思维能力下降等。作者认为，我们应该适当减少对这些便利的依赖，通过面对一些“微小的不便”来增强自己的抗逆力，C选项“不适感：韧性的隐藏来源”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·江苏南京·期末）Animal testing refers to the use of animals in scientific experiments. Primarily, animals are used in research experiments to test disease treatments to ensure the safety of new medical treatments. Though animals are viewed as essential by many scientists, we should try to avoid using animals in experiments if possible. Advocates of animal testing argue that animals offer scientists opportunities to address health problems when it is immorally acceptable or impractical to study and experiment on humans. Animals chosen for research are often biologically similar to humans and are therefore useful case studies for scientists to study the symptoms of diseases and the effectiveness of the treatments developed. Scientists rely heavily on animal models to find the cure for “unprecedented” diseases. In the development of the corona virus vaccine (疫苗), multiple animals were used as models, such as ferrets that display similar symptoms as humans when infected with the virus. These animals are crucial for scientists to study the symptoms of the virus and evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines developed before they are tested on humans. As such, the use of animals in research experiments does enhance the efficiency of scientists’ search for the cure and minimizes the associated risks of applying newly developed drugs to humans. However, not all research experiments involving animals are effective. Although some animals display characteristics similar to humans, animals and humans are different species and therefore, it is impossible to recreate human conditions on research animals. Research data has shown that animal studies fail to predict real human outcomes in 50 to 99.7 percent of cases. This is because the species tested are often artificially induced (诱导) with medical conditions unique to humans. As a result, nine in ten drugs developed using animal testing suffer from failure. Considering the high cost of animal testing, as well as the pain and suffering animals have to go through during the procedure, animal testing is hardly a cost-effective way of research. Sometimes, such research experiments produce nothing but the killing of innocent animals. Therefore, the use of animals in scientific experiments should be minimized and carried out only when necessary. 5．Why are animals used in scientific experiments? A．Because many scientists consider them as necessary. B．Because animals share biological similarities with humans. C．Because they can ensure the safety of new medical treatments. D．Because animals offer scientists opportunities to solve problems. 6．Why are “ferrets” mentioned in paragraph two? A．To remind humans should be grateful to animals. B．To indicate animals made great contributions to humans. C．To prove animals are widely used in research experiments. D．To illustrate animal trials can contribute to medical advances. 7．How does the author argue against animal testing? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By making comparisons. 8．What is the author’s primary argument? A．Animal testing should be avoided because of its high cost. B．Despite its contributions, animal testing should be minimized. C．Animal testing should be banned immediately due to its cruelty. D．Considering its effectiveness, animal testing should be promoted . 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了动物实验在科学研究中的应用，指出动物实验虽被许多科学家视为必要，但应尽可能避免。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Animals chosen for research are often biologically similar to humans and are therefore useful case studies for scientists to study the symptoms of diseases and the effectiveness of the treatments developed.(用于研究的动物通常在生物学上与人类相似，因此成为科学家研究疾病症状及所开发治疗方法有效性的有用案例)”可知，动物被用于科学实验的核心原因是其与人类在生物学上的相似性，这使得它们能成为研究疾病和治疗方法的有效模型。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Scientists rely heavily on animal models to find the cure for “unprecedented” diseases. In the development of the corona virus vaccine (疫苗), multiple animals were used as models, such as ferrets that display similar symptoms as humans when infected with the virus. These animals are crucial for scientists to study the symptoms of the virus and evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines developed before they are tested on humans. As such, the use of animals in research experiments does enhance the efficiency of scientists’ search for the cure and minimizes the associated risks of applying newly developed drugs to humans.(科学家严重依赖动物模型来寻找“前所未有的”疾病的治愈方法。在冠状病毒疫苗的研发中，多种动物被用作模型，例如雪貂——它们在感染病毒时会表现出与人类相似的症状。这些动物对于科学家在人体试验前研究病毒症状和评估疫苗有效性至关重要。因此，在研究实验中使用动物确实提高了科学家寻找治愈方法的效率，并将新开发药物应用于人类时的相关风险降至最低)”可知，作者提及雪貂是作为冠状病毒疫苗研发中动物模型的具体案例。即通过雪貂与人类感染病毒后症状的相似性，证明动物实验能够帮助科学家推进医学研究，为疫苗开发提供关键数据。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Research data has shown that animal studies fail to predict real human outcomes in 50 to 99.7 percent of cases. This is because the species tested are often artificially induced (诱导) with medical conditions unique to humans. As a result, nine in ten drugs developed using animal testing suffer from failure. Considering the high cost of animal testing, as well as the pain and suffering animals have to go through during the procedure, animal testing is hardly a cost-effective way of research. Sometimes, such research experiments produce nothing but the killing of innocent animals. Therefore, the use of animals in scientific experiments should be minimized and carried out only when necessary.(研究数据显示，在50%至99.7%的案例中，动物研究未能预测人类的真实结果。这是因为被测试的物种往往被人为诱导出人类特有的疾病状况。结果是，通过动物实验开发的药物中，十分之九以失败告终。考虑到动物实验的高成本，以及动物在实验过程中必须经历的痛苦，动物实验很难成为一种具有成本效益的研究方式。有时，这类研究实验只会导致无辜动物的死亡。因此，科学实验中对动物的使用应尽量减少，且仅在必要时进行)”可知，作者在第三段反驳动物实验时，分析了反驳动物实验的原因，最终得出了科学实验中对动物的使用应尽量减少。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据文章内容，并结合第二段“Animals chosen for research are often biologically similar to humans and are therefore useful case studies for scientists to study the symptoms of diseases and the effectiveness of the treatments developed.(用于研究的动物通常在生物学上与人类相似，因此成为科学家研究疾病症状及所开发治疗方法有效性的有用案例)”和最后一段“Research data has shown that animal studies fail to predict real human outcomes in 50 to 99.7 percent of cases. This is because the species tested are often artificially induced (诱导) with medical conditions unique to humans. As a result, nine in ten drugs developed using animal testing suffer from failure. Considering the high cost of animal testing, as well as the pain and suffering animals have to go through during the procedure, animal testing is hardly a cost-effective way of research. Sometimes, such research experiments produce nothing but the killing of innocent animals. Therefore, the use of animals in scientific experiments should be minimized and carried out only when necessary.(研究数据显示，在50%至99.7%的案例中，动物研究未能预测人类的真实结果。这是因为被测试的物种往往被人为诱导出人类特有的疾病状况。结果是，通过动物实验开发的药物中，十分之九以失败告终。考虑到动物实验的高成本，以及动物在实验过程中必须经历的痛苦，动物实验很难成为一种具有成本效益的研究方式。有时，这类研究实验只会导致无辜动物的死亡。因此，科学实验中对动物的使用应尽量减少，且仅在必要时进行)”可知，作者首先肯定了动物实验在医学研究中的贡献，但随后通过数据指出其低效性和高成本，并强调动物在实验中承受的痛苦。最后一段明确提出尽管动物实验有一定作用，但应尽量减少，仅在必要时进行。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）Is your green my green? Probably not. What appears as pure green to me is likely to look a bit yellowish or bluish to you. Moreover, an object’s color may appear differently against different backgrounds or under different lighting. It might naturally lead you to think colors are relative to observers and viewing conditions, and so nothing has a true color. But perceptual variation is misleading. We argue in the book The Metaphysics of Colors that colors are as objective as temperature. People’s choices vary significantly when asked to pick the “unique green” from a selection of color chips. A gray object appears darker against a lighter background than a darker one, and a red apple might look green or blue under different lighting. These facts don’t negate the objectivity of colors. An apple’s redness remains unchanged even if it appears differently under certain conditions. In other words, the properties of an object are independent of how they appear to you. To determine an object’s color, place it beside another object under the same lighting and background conditions. If no differences are detected by observers, the colors are considered the same. This ability to match colors shows their objectivity is independent of individual perception, much like the temperature of water is independent of how cold it feels to different people. In the field of color science, scientific laws are used to explain how objects and light affect perception and the colors of other objects. Such laws, for instance, predict what happens when you mix colored paints, and when you look at colored objects in various lighting conditions. Philosophers like Hilary Putnam argue that if something is essential to science, it must be real and objective. Colors are also meaningful in the survival and evolution of animals. Many animals use colors strategically to send warning signals or attract mates. For example, some dam selfish (雀鲷鱼)have ultraviolet patterns that can only be seen by their species, aiding recognition and mating while hiding from predators that cannot perceive ultraviolet light. In sum, our ability to determine whether objects are colored the same or differently and the essential roles they play in science suggest that colors are as real and objective as temperature. 9．What is the misleading belief about color? A．Everything has a true color. B．Colors are generally subjective. C．Yellowish and bluish are puzzling. D．Colors aren’t affected by conditions. 10．What’s the author’s suggestion for determining an object’s color? A．Detect consistent lighting and backgrounds. B．Match colors using independent perception. C．Exchange disagreements with other observers. D．Make comparisons under the same conditions. 11．Why does the author mention dam selfish in paragraph 5? A．To explain a concept. B．To illustrate a rule. C．To introduce a theory. D．To prove an argument. 12．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Laws of Colors. B．Green Is Green. C．Colors and Temperature. D．Colors in Evolution. 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了颜色的客观性问题，反驳了颜色是主观感知的观点，并通过科学原理和生物进化实例论证颜色具有客观性，如同温度一样真实存在。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“It might naturally lead you to think colors are relative to observers and viewing conditions, and so nothing has a true color. But perceptual variation is misleading.(这可能会自然地让你认为颜色是相对于观察者和观察条件而言的，所以没有什么东西有真正的颜色。但感知上的变化是具有误导性的。)”可知，人们通常会认为颜色是相对的，即主观的，这是一种误导性的信念。所以关于颜色的误导性信念是颜色通常是主观的。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“To determine an object’s color, place it beside another object under the same lighting and background conditions. If no differences are detected by observers, the colors are considered the same.(为了确定一个物体的颜色，把它放在另一个物体旁边，在相同的照明和背景条件下。如果观察者没有发现差异，则认为颜色相同。)”可知，作者建议在相同条件下进行比较来确定物体的颜色。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Colors are also meaningful in the survival and evolution of animals. Many animals use colors strategically to send warning signals or attract mates.For example, some dam selfish have ultraviolet patterns that can only be seen by their species, aiding recognition and mating while hiding from predators that cannot perceive ultraviolet light.(颜色在动物的生存和进化中也具有重要意义。许多动物有策略地使用颜色来发出警告信号或吸引配偶。例如，一些雀鲷鱼具有只能被其物种看到的紫外线模式，有助于识别和交配，同时躲避无法感知紫外线的捕食者。)”可知作者提到雀鲷鱼是为了证明颜色在动物生存和进化中具有重要意义这一观点，也就是证明前面提出的关于颜色具有客观性的论点。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。文章开篇提到“Is your green my green? Probably not. What appears as pure green to me is likely to look a bit yellowish or bluish to you.(你眼中的绿色是我的绿色吗？可能不是。在我看来是纯绿色的东西，在你看来可能有点偏黄或偏蓝。)”，描述了不同人对颜色感知可能不同这一现象，后文展开论述，如第二段中的“An apple’s redness remains unchanged even if it appears differently under certain conditions. In other words, the properties of an object are independent of how they appear to you.(即使苹果在某些条件下看起来不同，它的红色仍然不变。换句话说，物体的属性与它们在你眼中的样子无关。)”和第三段中的“This ability to match colors shows their objectivity is independent of individual perception, much like the temperature of water is independent of how cold it feels to different people.(这种匹配颜色的能力表明它们的客观性独立于个人的感知，就像水的温度独立于不同人对它的寒冷感觉一样。)”，最后一段得出结论“In sum, our ability to determine whether objects are colored the same or differently and the essential roles they play in science suggest that colors are as real and objective as temperature.(总之，我们确定物体颜色是否相同或不同的能力，以及它们在科学中发挥的重要作用，表明颜色和温度一样真实和客观。)”可知，颜色具有客观性，就如同温度一样，不管人们感知如何，颜色有其自身客观属性。故选项B（绿色就是绿色。）能够概括全文，故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·河北保定·期末）An attack by a shark off the Caribbean island of Tobago has left a British holidaymaker in a critical condition. Two years ago, another British man was the victim of Sydney’s first deadly shark attack in 60 years. In 2016, a British lecturer was killed in an attack while diving off in Western Australia. These incidents unavoidably raise questions about shark attack trends. Are we seeing more attacks than before? And is climate changes pushing sharks into more interactions with humans, with disastrous results? Oliver Shipley, a British shark expert, is eager to make one thing very clear: “These things are still extremely unlikely to happen to the average beach goer.” While sharks that bite humans may be hungry, they are not looking for a human lunch. “It’s mistaken identity a lot of the time,” Shipley says. “A lot of species will do what is called an exploratory bite. They’ll go in and interact, and realise straight away that is not their natural diet and they’ll swim off. They’re not attracted to humans.” So as the seas warm, are sharks on the move and coming into contact with new human populations? “Climate change is starting to impact where we find species and in some cases where we no longer find them. But there’s very poor evidence for that necessarily increasing the likelihood of an interaction with a human.” says Shipley. The International Shark Attack File highlights that the human population is growing along with our interest in aquatic (水上的 connected with water) recreation. “We have to remember that there are many more people using the ocean,” Shipley says. “If you count how many human-shark interactions occur in a year and divide that by the number of people that actually use the water, you’ re in the 0.00001 percent where there’s an interaction, let alone a deadly one.” “We really do need to get a better handle on how climate change, especially warming, is going to impact the distribution and the survival of a lot of these animals.” says Shipley. 13．Why are several shark attacks mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To provide the topic background. B．To illustrate the fierce of sharks. C．To show human’s impact on sharks. D．To stress the risk of swimming in the sea. 14．What does Oliver Shipley think of those shark attacks? A．They are a new trend. B．They should raise concern. C．They are uncommon events. D．They will affect the tourism. 15．What can we infer about the species distribution affected by the global warming? A．It needs further study. B．It leads to more extinction. C．It affects the number of swimmers. D．It is relatively significant. 16．What can be the best title of this text? A．Are We Giving in to the Ocean? B．Is It Still Safe to Go in the Water? C．Will Global Warming Affect Sharks’ Survival? D．Do Shark Species Diversity Affect Attack Rates? 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章借多起鲨鱼袭击事件引出讨论，专家称袭击罕见，气候变暖对人鲨互动影响证据不足，强调需进一步研究。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“An attack by a shark off the Caribbean island of Tobago has left a British holidaymaker in a critical condition. Two years ago, another British man was the victim of Sydney’ s first deadly shark attack in 60years. In 2016, a British lecturer was killed in an attack while diving off in Western Australia. (一名英国度假者在加勒比海多巴哥岛附近遭到鲨鱼袭击，情况危急。两年前，另一名英国男子成为悉尼60年来首次致命鲨鱼袭击的受害者。2016年，一名英国讲师在西澳大利亚潜水时遭到袭击身亡。)”以及下文可知，作者举例这些事件作为引子，引出后文关于“鲨鱼袭击趋势是否增加”及“气候变化是否影响人鲨互动”的讨论。因此，第一段提及多起袭击事件是为了提供话题背景。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段Oliver Shipley的表述“These things are still extremely unlikely to happen to the average beach goer. (这些事情对普通海滩游客来说仍然极不可能发生。)”可知，他认为鲨鱼袭击是不常见的事件。第四段进一步说明“鲨鱼咬人多因误认身份，而非主动捕食人类”，也印证了袭击的偶然性。故选C。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段Shipley的话“We really do need to get a better handle on how climate change... is going to impact the distribution and the survival of a lot of these animals. (我们确实需要更好地了解气候变化，尤其是气候变暖，将如何影响许多这类动物的分布和生存。)”可知，目前关于全球变暖对物种分布的影响证据不足，需要进一步研究。故选A。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以鲨鱼袭击事件引发疑问，随后通过专家观点探讨“鲨鱼袭击是否因气候变化增多”，并强调“人鲨互动概率极低，安全性仍有保障”。全文围绕“人类在水中活动是否安全”展开讨论，所以B选项Is It Still Safe to Go in the Water? (下水仍然安全吗？)最能概括核心话题。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）Contemporary discourse on “appearance anxiety” often reductively attributes it to social media exposure. However, a deeper interdisciplinary analysis reveals this phenomenon as a complex interplay of neurodevelopmental vulnerability, evolved social cognition, and hyper-commercialized visual culture. Adolescence is marked by significant prefrontal cortex maturation, a region governing self-evaluation and impulse control, concurrently with heightened sensitivity in the limbic system’s social pain networks. This neurobiological mismatch renders teenagers acutely susceptible to perceived social evaluation, including aesthetic judgment. From an evolutionary psychology perspective, attention to appearance is not inherently pathological; it stems from hardwired mechanisms for assessing health, fertility, and social status within groups. The modern distortion lies in the industrialization of this instinct. A 2024 meta-analysis in JAMA Pediatrics correlates the rise in dysmorphic concern not merely with screen time, but specifically with algorithmic platforms that create homogenized, digitally altered “beauty templates” and facilitate constant social comparison with curated, often unattainable, peer imagery. This constitutes a perpetual, quantified social ranking system operating at an unprecedented scale and intensity. The consequences extend beyond transient distress. Chronic appearance-based self-criticism can lead to a cognitive habit of “self-objectification,” where individuals, particularly females, internalize an observer’s perspective on their own bodies. This persistent surveillance diverts finite cognitive resources — a process termed “ego depletion” — undermining performance on tasks requiring focused attention, such as academic work or complex problem-solving. Longitudinal data further links severe appearance anxiety to altered risk-reward calculations, increasing susceptibility to risky cosmetic procedures and disordered eating as maladaptive coping strategies. Mitigating this issue requires moving beyond simplistic “digital detox” prescriptions. Effective interventions must be tiered: fostering critical media literacy to deconstruct idealized imagery; promoting embodiment practices that shift focus from appearance to physical functionality and internal sensation; and systematically restructuring social environments — beginning with schools and families — to value and reward attributes like curiosity, kindness, and mastery over aesthetic conformity. 1．What does the passage suggest is a deeper cause of appearance anxiety beyond social media? A．A simple lack of parental supervision and guidance during teenage years. B．A temporary phase of hormonal imbalance that resolutions naturally with age. C．A neurodevelopmental mismatch coupled with the industrialization of evolved instincts. D．A deliberate marketing strategy by fashion corporations to increase clothing sales. 2．According to the 2024 meta-analysis, what specific aspect of digital platforms is most correlated with dysmorphic concern? A．The total amount of time spent on any screen-based activity. B．The use of algorithms that promote uniform beauty standards and foster social comparison. C．The exposure to anonymous negative comments and cyberbullying from strangers. D．The bright blue light emission that disrupts circadian rhythms and mood regulation. 3．The term “ego depletion” in the passage refers to which resulting problem? A．The physical exhaustion resulting from excessive exercise aimed at changing one’s body. B．The financial burden caused by spending too much money on beauty products and treatments. C．The diversion of mental resources away from tasks requiring concentration, harming performance. D．The loss of personal identity and individuality through blind imitation of online influencers. 4．Which approach is NOT mentioned by the author as a recommended tiered intervention? A．Developing skills to critically analyze and understand media content. B．Encouraging practices that connect individuals with bodily feelings beyond looks. C．Creating environments that appreciate non-aesthetic qualities like kindness and curiosity. D．Implementing government regulations to ban all digitally altered advertisements. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖北武汉·期末）The “hedgehog (刺猬) dilemma” is a famous metaphor from German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. In his 1851 book, he described how humans struggle with relationships through a story about hedgehogs. His advice was simple: keep your distance. This sad story became widely discussed. Sigmund Freud and modern scientists studied this idea. In 2015, an award-winning short film called Hedgehog retold this story. How does this apply to real life? Most people remember being hurt by close relationships – broken friendships, family conflicts, or romantic betrayals. Since these connections matter deeply, their damage hurts more. Should we stop trusting others? Schopenhauer said yes, but science would say otherwise. A study in PLOS Medicine reviewing 148 studies with over 300,000 people found those with strong social connections live 50% longer. The National Institute on Aging warns that loneliness harms health as much as smoking 15 cigarettes daily – making Schopenhauer’s advice concerning. When hurt repeatedly, people often fall into defense mode. Relationship expert Hilary Sanders explains common defense behaviors: going silent during arguments, seeing normal comments as criticism, or overreacting to small issues. These reactions often start in childhood. If parents often criticized or classmates bullied someone, they might develop habits like pretending not to care or getting angry easily. While these helped survive childhood pain, they cause problems in adult relationships when used unconsciously. The good news is people can change. Through therapy, many learn to recognize their defense patterns and understand their origins. Couples can improve relationships by learning each other’s emotional triggers and responding thoughtfully instead of arguing. However, Sanders warns that defenses shouldn’t be removed suddenly — it’s like taking down a wall brick by brick. Although Schopenhauer focused on the pain of closeness, the hedgehog story actually shows our deep need for connection. Unlike real hedgehogs, humans aren’t born with physical spines. By carefully lowering our defenses around trustworthy people, we might truly enjoy both warmth and safety in relationships. 5．Why does the author mention the hedgehog dilemma in paragraph 1? A．To stress its importance. B．To support Schopenhauer’s advice. C．To recommend Schopenhauer’s book. D．To introduce the theme of relationship. 6．What is Schopenhauer’s key solution to the “hedgehog dilemma”? A．Ignore pain. B．Seek therapy. C．Avoid closeness. D．Build walls. 7．What major evidence goes against Schopenhauer’s advice? A．Freud’s studies. B．Long life from social ties. C．Henry’s short film. D．Defense behavior of people. 8．What does Sanders say about close connection? A．People should make gradual progress in it. B．Humans can benefit from it unconsciously. C．It can help children relieve childhood pain. D．Couples should learn to defend it thoughtfully. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·北京房山·期末）“Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere.” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation (生成), where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts. But closer examination shows strangeness. The face of the woman in my image has very strange features, and appears to be holding various books. And, while I did feel excited at seeing an image appear, I didn’t have any creative satisfaction. AI image generation could impact everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Basically, art is translating what you feel inside into something that exists outside. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that purposely copy the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is adding emotion and details into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to devaluation of the work of artists. People may think that their AI-generated “work” is as acceptable as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s wrong, of course. The skills, effort, and vision of human artists shouldn’t be ignored. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughters, but it cannot compare with the work of professional photographers. 1．The author mentioned Deep Dream Generator to ______. A．introduce the topic of AI image generation B．share the author’s personal experience C．promote the latest AI image generator D．describe the author’s dream device 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．AI image generation lacks the true creative process of human art. B．AI image generators are unable to fulfill the complex prompts. C．Children’s illustrators are eager to adopt AI image generation. D．Human emotional input can be added in AI image generation. 3．What does the word “devaluation” underlined in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Improvement in quality. B．Decrease in worth. C．Drop in creativity. D．Change in style. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards AI image generation? A．Satisfied. B．Worried. C．Optimistic. D．Puzzled. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Expecting the worst to avoid feeling bad later is known as “bracing”. It may help them prepare for emotionally challenging situations, particularly in the moments before these situations occur. People brace for the worst while awaiting potentially negative outcomes. Someone might also brace for the worst in anticipation of stressful events like giving a presentation at work. Some psychological theories suggest that bracing should help. For example, “decision affect theory” proposes that how we feel about a situation is determined partly by comparing what actually happened with what could have happened. Based on this, people should be happy when an event goes beyond their expectations, and disappointed when an event falls behind. Therefore, by anticipating the worst, one can safeguard themselves against future disappointment, as any result is likely to surpass their expectations. Other psychological theories, nevertheless, undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been theorized and scientifically established that expectations can powerfully influence reality. There are two key ways that expectations can shape reality. First, people may behave in ways that fit with their expectations. If you expect to fail an upcoming test or interview, then you might not invest efforts in preparation, which in turn reduces your chances of doing well. Second, people may interpret a situation in line with their expectations. Imagine you believe you are insufficiently qualified for a job you’ve applied for. During the job interview, you’re likely to interpret blank expressions from the interviewer in line with this belief, which could negatively affect your performance. In fact, the interviewer did not want to give anything away. Drawing together the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the worst is anything but a wise way to prepare for upcoming news or results. It might be more sensible to hold positive expectations than to brace for the worst. 5．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The logic of preparing for the worst. B．The theory of comparing past and future. C．The conflict between people’s expectation and reality. D．The emotions hidden behind anticipating the worst. 6．What does the underlined word “undermine” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Strengthen. B．Propose. C．Weaken. D．Justify. 7．How can negative expectations probably affect people’s performance in reality? A．By reducing people’s chances of doing well. B．By stimulating people’s ambition and motivation. C．By giving weight to people’s potential of excellence. D．By causing less preparation and some misinterpretations. 8．Which would the author most likely agree with regarding “bracing for the worst”? A．It fully guarantees people a positive emotional experience. B．It may bring more drawbacks than benefits in practice. C．It is a universal solution for handling difficult situations. D．It has no impact on how people view real-life events. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·河北邯郸·期末）We live in a culture addicted to immediacy. We’re flooded with quick fixes-diet pills for rapid weight loss, fitness programs claiming “two-week body changes”, and language apps promising fluency through “10-minute daily lessons”. This addiction badly affects our view of real progress. True achievement, however, follows a different pattern. The saying “no pain, no gain” holds timeless wisdom: real success requires continuous effort. Ironically (讽刺的是), while we admire stories of perseverance — leaders overcoming failures, athletes recovering from severe injuries, we seek easy shortcuts ourselves. Actually, our belief in effortless change is a thief, stealing the essential process where struggles build strength. Nature shows how growth truly works. Significant changes occur through patient preparation, not rushed shortcuts. Consider bamboo. Hidden underground for years, it develops a strong but invisible root system. Only after this hidden labor does it shoot up rapidly. gaining nearly a meter in height daily. Similarly, a caterpillar (毛毛虫) completely breaks down into nutrient-rich liquid within its chrysalis (蝶蛹) before becoming into a butterfly with strong wings. These natural processes tell a rule that true progress comes from unseen work, not sudden jumps. Human efforts to rush natural processes often backfire. Forcing open a chrysalis to “help” the butterfly leaves its wings weak, as it skips key growth stages. Likewise, demanding instant results in skill development or emotional healing ruins the gradual brain changes and necessary mental adjustments. Even cherry flowers need months of winter rest to store energy—a reality often ignored in our rush for immediate beauty. Lasting change respects natural timelines rather than forcing strict deadlines. Skill mastery needs repeated practice to strengthen brain connections. Language fluency develops after thousands of practice hours, not through last-minute studying. By valuing hidden efforts over instant results, we hold the basic truth. When impatience pushes us toward quick fixes, let nature act as a reminder that greatness begins in silence before blooming into view. 1．What does the author think of people’s attitudes to success? A．They admire hard work but seek easy paths. B．They trust technology over personal growth. C．They praise others’ efforts and make their own. D．They favor short-term risks over long-term goals. 2．What can be learned about bamboo’s growth in Paragraph 3? A．It competes with other plants. B．It grows unseen roots first. C．It depends on outside support. D．It adapts to climate extremes. 3．What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Quicken processes. B．Require more efforts. C．Succeed unexpectedly. D．Produce opposite results. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Technology encourages skill mastery. B．Natural timelines ensure true growth. C．Strict schedules improve effectiveness. D．Nature requires no human assistance. 主题01 人与自我——做人与做事 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期末）While sending gifts, we naturally make choices based on the receiver. But what if we have been wrong all along and that we could turn things around, which not only made gift buying easier, but the receiver happier? In 2015, a psychologist Lauren Human did an online survey which suggested that when buying gifts, people preferred to choose something based on the receiver’s personality and tastes. Most people also said they preferred receiving gifts bought with them in mind: gifts for them. But Human wondered if this method of giving failed to take advantage of the way we connect as people. So he sent 78 volunteers into a shopping centre before Mother’s Day. Half were told to buy a card that “shows your knowledge of the receiver” while the others bought a card that “shows your true self”. After shopping, the givers who had thought partly of themselves reported feeling closer to their mothers. To study how the method is received by receivers, he did another test, asking 100 students to choose a song to a friend, partner or family member. Each half of the group followed the same instructions as the card buyers. Results suggested that the receivers of songs which showed something of the givers felt closer to them than those who received gifts bought only with them in mind. Human suggests it might apply to all gifts. “If building stronger social connections is the goal” of a gift and surely it should be — then we “may well be advised to offer gifts showing ourselves more”. In short, for a present to be meaningful, you need to give away a bit of yourself, even if there is a risk that the gift might not so closely satisfy the receiver’s practical needs or tastes as one gift gained simply with that in mind. Moreover, giving something of oneself can be a safer act because it decreases the risk of showing poor knowledge of a receiver by trying to buy something that fits their character and failing. 9．What was the main finding of Lauren Human’s online survey in 2015? A．People prefer giving gifts based on their own tastes. B．Most people choose gifts that reflect the receiver’s personality. C．Receivers dislike gifts that show the giver’s true self. D．Gifts bought for special occasions are more meaningful. 10．What can we learn from the Mother’s Day card test? A．Most people choose gifts with the receiver in mind. B．Most people choose gifts based on their personal tastes. C．Gifts chosen with the giver in mind work well on the giver. D．Gifts chosen with the receiver in mind work well on the receiver. 11．What matters most in gift giving according to the text? A．Making the giver’s life happier. B．Meeting the receiver’s practical needs. C．Showing one’s knowledge of the receiver. D．Building and strengthening social connections. 12．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Art of Choosing Perfect Gifts B．The Psychology Behind Perfect Gift Selection C．Why Self-Reflective Gifts Strengthen Bonds D．How to Avoid Gift-Giving Mistakes Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）It’s rare that researchers question theories that make up the backbone of whole fields. But in Evolution Evolving, Kevin Lala and four other evolutionary biologists do just that. Their philosophically informed discussion challenges the textbook version of evolutionary theory, the natural selection of DNA mutations(突变), which arise at random. Lala and colleagues argue that how an organism develops also plays a central part in evolution. They have been advocating this extended evolutionary theory for more than a decade, adding depth to evolutionary theorizing. The authors explain how development — influenced by the conditions in which organisms live — drives how an organism looks, behaves and evolves. To demonstrate this, they give the example of the Mexican tetra fish Astyanax mexicanus. Some populations of Astyanax mexicanus are blind cave fish living in darkness. Others, genetically distinct, consist of sighted, surface dwellers(栖身者). If the surface-dwelling fish are kept in total darkness for two years, they develop traits similar to those of the blind cave fish, including a better ability to store fat — beneficial in a dark environment, where the next meal is hard to come by. The stress of darkness seems to activate sets of genes that change the fishes’ development. New traits do not arise at random. Some are more likely than others. Understanding such “developmental biases” can enable researchers to better understand how traits originate and what directions future evolution might take. As the authors put it, “evolution must proceed where development leads.” Another aspect of evolution often ignored or downplayed by traditional evolutionists is the passing down of traits through generations in ways that do not involve variations in DNA structure. Furthermore, some organisms construct environments to benefit the development of following generations. Dung beetles, for instance, make balls of cow waste, into which they add their own waste as food, and lay a single egg. The nutrients and microbes in these balls influence how the young develop, and in turn the sizes and shapes of the beetles and how they evolve. In my opinion, this is a fundamental shift in thinking. Rather than just studying which traits are selected, evolutionary researchers also need to establish the developmental construction and inheritance of these traits. 13．Why is the Mexican tetra fish talked about? A．To criticize the limitations of evolution theory. B．To explain how DNA mutations occur randomly. C．To provide evidence for developmental choices. D．To compare blind cave fish and surface-dwelling fish. 14．How do Duang Beetles evolve? A．By selecting specific traits via natural selection. B．By varying their DNA through added microbes. C．By passing down mutated genes in cow waste. D．By constructing nutrient-rich environments. 15．What should future evolutionary research focus on? A．Clarifying the development of non-genetic traits. B．Identifying more random DNA mutations. C．Providing traditional theories experiments. D．Studying what traits are selected in evolution. 16．What is the article mainly about? A．Non-DNA inheritance plays a significant role in evolution. B．Random DNA mutations remain the only drivers of evolution. C．Traditional evolutionary theory should be replaced. D．The Mexican tetra fish is the result of natural selection. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·福建福州·期末）In modern society, the concept of beauty is often a topic of heated discussion. From fashion magazines filled with images of models with flawless skin and perfect figures to the countless beauty-related products on the market, external beauty seems to be highly emphasized. However, a closer look reveals that true beauty involves more than just what meets the eye. In ancient Greek philosophy, beauty was considered a virtue. The Greeks believed that a person’s inner qualities should match their outward appearance. Socrates, a wise philosopher, was an example of this. Despite his plain looks, he was highly respected for his wisdom, courage, and noble character. His teachings often focused on the contradictions between inner and outer beauty, reminding his followers that true value lies within. Christianity, to some extent, changed the perception of beauty. It placed moral virtue at the center, making beauty seem more like a shallow temptation. This led to a separation between inner and outer beauty in people’s minds, with inner beauty associated with moral qualities and outer beauty seen as more about physical appearance. In our daily lives, we can observe the differences between inner and outer beauty. A person with a beautiful face may not necessarily have a kind heart. For instance, someone who is always well-dressed and physically attractive but is arrogant and unkind in conversations will quickly lose their charm in others’ eyes. On the other hand, a person with a warm smile, a kind word, and a helpful nature is often regarded as beautiful, regardless of their physical features. Inner beauty, such as kindness, compassion, and intelligence, is enduring. It is not affected by age or external factors. A kind-hearted person will always be remembered and admired for their good deeds, while physical beauty fades over time. Moreover, inner beauty can also influence a person’s external appearance. A positive and optimistic attitude can make a person glow from within, adding a unique charm to their look. However, this doesn’t mean that external beauty is completely unimportant. Maintaining a neat appearance, dressing appropriately, and taking care of one’s health can boost self- confidence and make a good first impression. But it should be balanced with the cultivation of inner beauty. 17．According to the passage, in ancient Greek philosophy, what was the relationship between inner and outer beauty? A．Inner beauty was more important than outer beauty. B．Outer beauty was more emphasized than inner beauty. C．Inner and outer beauty were expected to match. D．There was no connection between inner and outer beauty. 18．What impact did Christianity have on the perception of beauty? A．It made beauty more important in people’s lives. B．It separated inner beauty from outer beauty and made beauty seem like a shallow temptation. C．It emphasized the unity of inner and outer beauty. D．It had no significant impact on the understanding of beauty. 19．What does the example of a well- dressed but arrogant person illustrate? A．Inner beauty is necessary to maintain one’s charm. B．External beauty is the most important factor. C．Arrogance is a sign of inner beauty. D．Good physical appearance can cover up bad qualities. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards the relationship between inner and outer beauty? A．Only inner beauty matters, and outer beauty can be ignored. B．Outer beauty is much more important than inner beauty. C．Both inner and outer beauty are important and should be balanced. D．Inner beauty and outer beauty are completely unrelated. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·河南商丘·期末）Walking around most large cities in Europe and the United States, you may find it easy and cheap to get shared bikes and cars ready to use with a tap on your phone — unless you are older, have a disability, lack a smartphone or credit card, or live in a poorer neighborhood. These services usually appear in richer areas and often can’t handle wheelchairs or child seats. As a result, most riders are young, able-bodied, well-off, and male. Shared mobility could be a key part of a more sustainable (可持续的) transportation system. If shared mobility could work for everyone, it might cut city traffic by as much as 90 percent and reduce transport emissions (排放) by half. But today, private cars still cover 61 percent of all travel in the Global North. To move more people away from private cars to shared ones is an important first step, because a lot of people are left out today. A 2019 study of 10 US cities, for example, showed that a fifth of low-income Americans still don’t have a smartphone and almost a quarter don’t have a bank account — both necessary for using most shared mobility services. A 2017 survey in Philadelphia, Chicago and Brooklyn showed that low-income people are just as interested in bikesharing as other groups, but less likely to use such a system: While 10 percent of higher-income people were members of a bikeshare system, only two percent of lower-income people were. How can we bridge the accessibility gap? In several US cities, low-income subsidy (补贴) programs have increased bikeshare use among underserved groups. In Buffalo, New York, an organization launched an “E-Bike Library” using 3,000 e-bikes retired by a private company. 71 percent of its members tried e-bikes for the first time, and 84 percent were low-income people. Simple fixes can make a big difference. When mobility providers include diverse voices in planning and care more about users’ needs, they build services that work for everyone. In that case, shared mobility can become truly fair, green, and effective. 21．What does the author intend to point out in paragraph 1? A．Kids should respect wheelchair users. B．People are glued to their mobile phones. C．Access to shared mobility is unequal. D．It’s hard to find a shared car in the US. 22．What percentage of all travel in the Global North do private cars account for? A．50%. B．61%. C．75%. D．90%. 23．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The challenges facing shared mobility. B．A significant increase in people’s income. C．The downside of the bikeshare service. D．A change in personal preference for bikes. 24．What does the author expect mobility providers to do? A．Fix broken bikes in time. B．Put more effort into e-cars. C．Voice their views on travel. D．Meet customers’ real needs. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·陕西咸阳·期末）When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as me re entertainment (娱乐), but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired in any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, and our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize. 9．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To share a student’s experience. B．To lead into the topic. C．To describe a new study. D．To introduce some ways of entertainment. 10．In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz as an example to ______. A．compare it with rock music B．introduce American musical traditions C．show music reflects a society D．prove music is as useful as other subjects 11．What do we know about the arts and science according to the passage? A．They explain what it means to be human differently. B．They explore different phenomena of the world. C．They express people’s feelings in different ways. D．They approach the world from different points of view. 12．What is the author’s attitude to the influence of music education on students? A．Unknown. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东济南·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 13．What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A．The process of building and shaping AI. B．The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C．The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D．The interplay between AI and humans. 14．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A．To support an argument. B．To state a phenomenon. C．To showcase a practice. D．To oppose an opinion. 15．What does the author advise us to do? A．Hide emotional struggles. B．Delete historical database. C．Suit the action to the word. D．Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 16．What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A．AI melts into our lives. B．AI mirrors our mindset. C．We make wise choices. D．We remain responsible. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·重庆·期末）If you’re digitally skilled, it has likely been a while since you spent much time writing by hand. The laborious process of outlining our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a thing of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages-and-thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand. Although electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits, giving up handwriting may come at a significant cost. Typing pays no attention to the form of the letters — only involving relatively simple and uniform movements. By contrast, handwriting is a complex task. Motor system has to finely adjust the pressure that each finger applies on the pen to recreate each letter. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it’s formed, with your brain making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters’ shapes “This process lets you make your body and what you are seeing mesh (匹配),” says Robert Wiley, a cognitive (认知的) psychologist at the Unıversity of North Carolina, adding “such complexity is vital to mental development.” Screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might affect kids’ ability to learn letters, which is actually an important predictor of later reading and math achievement. If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, their brains simply won’t reach their full potential. For adults, typing often results in failing to actually process information. During a lecture, it’s possible to type what they’re hearing word for word. But often, they’re just typing blindly, failing to make information their own. On the other hand, taking notes by hand forces them to write only key words and use drawings or arrows to work through Ideas. Actually, we don’t have to drop digital tools, like graphics tablets and smart pens, to take advantage of the power of handwriting. Recent research suggests that writing on a screen activates the same brain pathways as writing on paper. It’s the movement that counts, not its final form. 17．What does the author mainly convey in paragraph 1? A．Abandoning handwriting is unwise. B．Handwritten communication is out of date. C．Digital literacy is ignored nowadays. D．Computer courses are unusual in preschools. 18．Why is handwriting considered a complex task? A．It demands high creativity in designing each letter. B．It involves precise finger pressure and visual adjustment. C．It relies entirely on visual processing to shape the letters. D．It requires consistent pressure from the fingers to form letters. 19．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Blind typing contributes to brain development. B．Kids have a preference for screens and keyboards. C．Handwritten markers are good for getting ideas linked. D．Adults have the ability to memorize complex information. 20．What is the author’s attitude towards using digital pens? A．Cautious. B．Unconcerned. C．Critical. D．Favourable. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·浙江宁波·期末）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly far-fetched. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undoubtedly changed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation (航行). Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp loss in special memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability (适应性). Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship” — a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 21．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph I probably mean? A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function. C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted. 22．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A．The meaningful engagement. B．The fast but worthless relief. C．The lack of necessary comfort. D．The loss of thinking ability. 23．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”? A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work. C．Writing an email using voice-to-text. D．Exploring a new city by using GPS. 24．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．GPS: the invisible (隐形的) cost of convenience. B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage. C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience. D．Smartphones: barriers (障碍) to human progress. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·江苏南京·期末）Animal testing refers to the use of animals in scientific experiments. Primarily, animals are used in research experiments to test disease treatments to ensure the safety of new medical treatments. Though animals are viewed as essential by many scientists, we should try to avoid using animals in experiments if possible. Advocates of animal testing argue that animals offer scientists opportunities to address health problems when it is immorally acceptable or impractical to study and experiment on humans. Animals chosen for research are often biologically similar to humans and are therefore useful case studies for scientists to study the symptoms of diseases and the effectiveness of the treatments developed. Scientists rely heavily on animal models to find the cure for “unprecedented” diseases. In the development of the corona virus vaccine (疫苗), multiple animals were used as models, such as ferrets that display similar symptoms as humans when infected with the virus. These animals are crucial for scientists to study the symptoms of the virus and evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines developed before they are tested on humans. As such, the use of animals in research experiments does enhance the efficiency of scientists’ search for the cure and minimizes the associated risks of applying newly developed drugs to humans. However, not all research experiments involving animals are effective. Although some animals display characteristics similar to humans, animals and humans are different species and therefore, it is impossible to recreate human conditions on research animals. Research data has shown that animal studies fail to predict real human outcomes in 50 to 99.7 percent of cases. This is because the species tested are often artificially induced (诱导) with medical conditions unique to humans. As a result, nine in ten drugs developed using animal testing suffer from failure. Considering the high cost of animal testing, as well as the pain and suffering animals have to go through during the procedure, animal testing is hardly a cost-effective way of research. Sometimes, such research experiments produce nothing but the killing of innocent animals. Therefore, the use of animals in scientific experiments should be minimized and carried out only when necessary. 5．Why are animals used in scientific experiments? A．Because many scientists consider them as necessary. B．Because animals share biological similarities with humans. C．Because they can ensure the safety of new medical treatments. D．Because animals offer scientists opportunities to solve problems. 6．Why are “ferrets” mentioned in paragraph two? A．To remind humans should be grateful to animals. B．To indicate animals made great contributions to humans. C．To prove animals are widely used in research experiments. D．To illustrate animal trials can contribute to medical advances. 7．How does the author argue against animal testing? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By making comparisons. 8．What is the author’s primary argument? A．Animal testing should be avoided because of its high cost. B．Despite its contributions, animal testing should be minimized. C．Animal testing should be banned immediately due to its cruelty. D．Considering its effectiveness, animal testing should be promoted . Passage 2 （24-25高一下·江苏宿迁·期末）Is your green my green? Probably not. What appears as pure green to me is likely to look a bit yellowish or bluish to you. Moreover, an object’s color may appear differently against different backgrounds or under different lighting. It might naturally lead you to think colors are relative to observers and viewing conditions, and so nothing has a true color. But perceptual variation is misleading. We argue in the book The Metaphysics of Colors that colors are as objective as temperature. People’s choices vary significantly when asked to pick the “unique green” from a selection of color chips. A gray object appears darker against a lighter background than a darker one, and a red apple might look green or blue under different lighting. These facts don’t negate the objectivity of colors. An apple’s redness remains unchanged even if it appears differently under certain conditions. In other words, the properties of an object are independent of how they appear to you. To determine an object’s color, place it beside another object under the same lighting and background conditions. If no differences are detected by observers, the colors are considered the same. This ability to match colors shows their objectivity is independent of individual perception, much like the temperature of water is independent of how cold it feels to different people. In the field of color science, scientific laws are used to explain how objects and light affect perception and the colors of other objects. Such laws, for instance, predict what happens when you mix colored paints, and when you look at colored objects in various lighting conditions. Philosophers like Hilary Putnam argue that if something is essential to science, it must be real and objective. Colors are also meaningful in the survival and evolution of animals. Many animals use colors strategically to send warning signals or attract mates. For example, some dam selfish (雀鲷鱼)have ultraviolet patterns that can only be seen by their species, aiding recognition and mating while hiding from predators that cannot perceive ultraviolet light. In sum, our ability to determine whether objects are colored the same or differently and the essential roles they play in science suggest that colors are as real and objective as temperature. 9．What is the misleading belief about color? A．Everything has a true color. B．Colors are generally subjective. C．Yellowish and bluish are puzzling. D．Colors aren’t affected by conditions. 10．What’s the author’s suggestion for determining an object’s color? A．Detect consistent lighting and backgrounds. B．Match colors using independent perception. C．Exchange disagreements with other observers. D．Make comparisons under the same conditions. 11．Why does the author mention dam selfish in paragraph 5? A．To explain a concept. B．To illustrate a rule. C．To introduce a theory. D．To prove an argument. 12．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Laws of Colors. B．Green Is Green. C．Colors and Temperature. D．Colors in Evolution. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·河北保定·期末）An attack by a shark off the Caribbean island of Tobago has left a British holidaymaker in a critical condition. Two years ago, another British man was the victim of Sydney’s first deadly shark attack in 60 years. In 2016, a British lecturer was killed in an attack while diving off in Western Australia. These incidents unavoidably raise questions about shark attack trends. Are we seeing more attacks than before? And is climate changes pushing sharks into more interactions with humans, with disastrous results? Oliver Shipley, a British shark expert, is eager to make one thing very clear: “These things are still extremely unlikely to happen to the average beach goer.” While sharks that bite humans may be hungry, they are not looking for a human lunch. “It’s mistaken identity a lot of the time,” Shipley says. “A lot of species will do what is called an exploratory bite. They’ll go in and interact, and realise straight away that is not their natural diet and they’ll swim off. They’re not attracted to humans.” So as the seas warm, are sharks on the move and coming into contact with new human populations? “Climate change is starting to impact where we find species and in some cases where we no longer find them. But there’s very poor evidence for that necessarily increasing the likelihood of an interaction with a human.” says Shipley. The International Shark Attack File highlights that the human population is growing along with our interest in aquatic (水上的 connected with water) recreation. “We have to remember that there are many more people using the ocean,” Shipley says. “If you count how many human-shark interactions occur in a year and divide that by the number of people that actually use the water, you’ re in the 0.00001 percent where there’s an interaction, let alone a deadly one.” “We really do need to get a better handle on how climate change, especially warming, is going to impact the distribution and the survival of a lot of these animals.” says Shipley. 13．Why are several shark attacks mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To provide the topic background. B．To illustrate the fierce of sharks. C．To show human’s impact on sharks. D．To stress the risk of swimming in the sea. 14．What does Oliver Shipley think of those shark attacks? A．They are a new trend. B．They should raise concern. C．They are uncommon events. D．They will affect the tourism. 15．What can we infer about the species distribution affected by the global warming? A．It needs further study. B．It leads to more extinction. C．It affects the number of swimmers. D．It is relatively significant. 16．What can be the best title of this text? A．Are We Giving in to the Ocean? B．Is It Still Safe to Go in the Water? C．Will Global Warming Affect Sharks’ Survival? D．Do Shark Species Diversity Affect Attack Rates? / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $