专题02阅读理解（记叙文）（期末真题汇编）高一英语下学期人教版

**基本信息** 精选多地区高一下期末记叙文阅读真题，涵盖人与自我（如父子早餐改善关系）、人与社会（如志愿者救助落水者）、人与自然（如AI助力回收）三大主题，素材真实且贴近生活，问题设计梯度分明。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|每篇4题，多篇章组合|细节理解（如Toby继承1500万英镑）、词义猜测（如“laid-back”指代悠闲）、主旨大意（如环保合作重要性）、推理判断（如Ryan基金会影响）|情境具时代性（AI回收技术、电子垃圾处理），问题层次清晰（基础题占60%，提升题如主旨题占40%），素材体现跨文化交流（如外国摄影师中国经历）|

专题02 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．D 12．D 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C Passage 3 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 2 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D Passage 3 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．D 12．C 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A Passage 2 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．C Passage 3 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．B 24．B 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A Passage 2 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．A 20．A Passage 3 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．C 16．A Passage 2 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B Passage 3 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．B 24．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）My father is a busy doctor. When I was in junior high, I used to complain that he never had time for me. He left home early and returned late, often missing family dinners. I felt ignored and sometimes even doubted if he cared. One Saturday morning, I woke up to the smell of food. I went downstairs and found my father in the kitchen, wearing an apron. “I thought we could have breakfast together,” he said, smiling. I was surprised — he usually worked on weekends. As we ate, he asked about my school, my friends, and my new hobby — painting. He listened carefully, nodding and asking questions. For the first time, I felt he was truly interested in my life. Then he shared stories from his own teenage years, something he rarely did. I learned that he had once dreamed of being an artist, but chose medicine to help people. That breakfast didn’t last long — he had to go to the hospital soon after. But it changed our relationship. I realized that his silence wasn’t a lack of love; it was exhaustion from long hours of work. From that day on, I made more effort to talk to him, even if just for a few minutes when he got home. Now, I understand that love isn’t always about big gestures; sometimes, it’s in a simple meal and a listening ear. 1．Why did the author feel ignored by his father? A．His father was too strict with him. B．His father never talked to him. C．His father was often absent because of work. D．His father preferred his sibling. 2．What made the author surprised that Saturday morning? A．His father cooked breakfast for the family. B．His father decided to change his job. C．His father gave him a gift concerning art. D．His father suggested eating out together. 3．What did the author learn about his father during the breakfast? A．His father used to want to be an artist. B．His father was good at sports in his youth. C．His father didn’t like being a doctor. D．His father cooked himself a lot as a teenager. 4．What is the main message of the story? A．Parents should spend more time at home to accompany their children. B．Understanding and communication can improve family relationships. C．Teenagers should help with housework to build a harmonious family. D．Doctors have the hardest jobs that steal their time with their beloved. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽宣城·期末）Sandoval, who comes from Los Angeles, has traveled and filmed in over 50 countries across seven continents and now lives in China. “In 2008, tired of my studio work in the U.S, I came to China, with the hope of trying something different for myself.” he said. Sandoval is a professional photographer and he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then. To him, Chengdu is the capital of a laid-back lifestyle. He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets “as slowly as snails”. Almost a “walking encyclopedia” of Chengdu, Sandoval covered every corner of Chengdu and recorded Chengduese and their lives with his camera, listening to the sound of mahjong being played and music from traditional stringed instruments. He also goes from place to place with his heavy travel kit. The various culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning. He remembers a wide range of adventures like exploring a local vineyard and local wine in Yinchuan City, a riding performance by a Mongolian ethnic group in the Shuidonggou Horse Riding Show, and then the totally different experience of visiting the Hainan Free Trade Port in the south. He thinks he has done a lot in “this beautiful and vast country” with his “travel photos”. “I try to show people the beauty of where I go. I try to inspire them to travel and go to places. I’m hoping to do more international work,” he said. 5．Why did Sandoval come to China in 2008? A．He was not good at studio work in the U. S. B．He wanted to seek for something different. C．He had a preference for international work. D．He was attracted by China’s natural scenery. 6．What does the underlined word “laid-back” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fast-paced. B．Healthy. C．Leisurely. D．Simple. 7．Sandoval’s experiences around China are mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show . A．his fascination for Chinese culture B．his superb photo technique C．his desire for new careers D．his diverse hobbies 8．What is the writing purpose of this passage? A．To praise Sandoval for his studio work in the U. S. B．To facilitate the development of tourism in Chengdu. C．To call on readers to take up photography as a hobby. D．To introduce the experience of a foreign photographer in China. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）When wealthy people pass away, they usually leave instructions for what to do with the money or property that they leave behind. Often, the money and property go to their heirs (继承人). However, in some cases, rich pet owners leave their wealth to their pets after they die. For example, there is a poodle named Toby. When this poodle’s owner passed away, she left Toby 15 million pounds (about $25 million). Then there is Flossie, a yellow Lab mutt, who is not only rich, but is also famous. In 2001, Flossie made the headlines after she rescued her owner, the actress Drew Barrymore and Drew’s husband, from a house fire. To thank Flossie, Drew gave her house to Flossie. Of course, Drew repaired the fire damage first. Now, Flossie is the owner of a beautiful $3 million home. It may seem strange for a dog to own such an expensive home, but Flossie is not the only dog like that. Gunther IV, a German Shepherd, bought his home from Madonna and paid over $7 million for the house. However, this was no big deal for him because Gunther IV has about $200 million! This makes him the richest dog in the world. He inherited the money from his father, who was the heir to the fortune of a German countess. 9．What do wealthy people often leave behind when they pass away? A．Instructions for their pets. B．Instructions for their money or property. C．Instructions for their friends. D．Instructions for their employees. 10．How much money did the poodle Toby inherit from his owner? A．$15 million. B．$25 million. C．$7 million. D．$200 million. 11．How is Flossie’s home now? A．It was burnt down. B．It has been badly damaged. C．It is a newly-built house. D．It has been repaired. 12．Why was buying a $7 million house “no big deal” for Gunther IV? A．He earned the money himself. B．Madonna gave him the house for free. C．His owner paid for it. D．He was the richest dog in the world. 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·河北雄安·期末）John Agnello, a 15-year-old boy, was out fishing with his mom near the Lakefront Marina in Grosse Pointe Woods Tuesday afternoon when he saw that a car just got flying in the air. It was about 15 yards away and dropped into the water. Without hesitation, John said, he and a man jumped into the water to help the woman inside the car. “The car was at like 65% water, so then we had to get her out of the window because the door wasn’t opening,” he said. He and the man pulled the woman to safety, who lost consciousness (意识). John’s mom, Beth Agnello, called 911 at once. John wondered whether there was anybody else inside the car, so he jumped back into the water. Thankfully, the car was empty. “The only part that kind of scared me was when I was under the water inside the car, feeling around in there,” John said. “It was kind of like I got trapped in the car. But everything was fine.” Beth Agnello said she is so proud of her son who is being called a hero. “I’m hoping that he isn’t proud of being a hero and considers some work options for his future,” Beth Agnello said. John Agnello said he doesn’t know if he’ll be a first responder in the future, but he does know he loves helping others. “I think that’s just how my family raised me just to take action to help,” John Agnello said. St. Clair Shores police are investigating what caused the car to go into the water. Police said the woman was taken to the hospital to be examined. 1．Why did John go back under the water? A．To find something valuable. B．To ensure nobody was in the car. C．To show off his swimming skills. D．To check the condition of the car. 2．What made John frightened? A．The emptiness of the car. B．Too much water in the car. C．The absence of other rescuers. D．The difficulty of getting out of the car. 3．What does Beth Agnello hope? A．John chooses fishing as his future job. B．Fishing can earn her family more money. C．John stays grounded despite the recognition. D．The police can prevent such things happening. 4．Which of the following can best describe John? A．Brave and helpful. B．Active and patient. C．Selfless and honest. D．Adventurous and childish. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖北十堰·期末）A New York food bank was offered a large donation of fresh fish last month — but the gift came with a difficulty. LocalCoho,a New York salmon (鲑鱼) farm that was closing, wanted to give 18,100kilograms of salmon to the Food Bank of Central New York. The high-quality meat could feed thousands of families. However, the gift fish were still alive and swimming in the farm’s large pool. The organization needed to find a way to remove about 13,000 salmon from the pool and, later, process them into food. And the food aid group needed to do all this quickly, before the business closed forever at the end of January. Thanks to many volunteers, the group was able to empty the pool in time, place the fish in cold storage and transport them to a processer. Brian McManus is the food bank’s chief operations officer. He said that the short amount of time to complete the operation made activities difficult. But he said, “I knew that we had the will. I knew we had the skill.” Christina Hudson Kohler was among the volunteers who got into the water to collect the fish and put them into the cold storage containers. “It’s a little bit different,” Kohler said during a break. “In the past, my volunteer work with the food bank has been sorting carrots or peppers...” LocalCoho was a new company that had been developing a sustainable (可持续的) salmon farming system. The system uses recycled water. The company had been supplying salmon to buyers, including restaurants, with the goal of building farms across the country. But company officials said they could not raise enough money from investors (投资者) to grow and make money. So, they decided to close the business. The company did not want the fish to go to waste so it sought a way to donate them. The donation is expected to provide more than 26,000 hard-to-reach meals to hungry people. 5．What problem did the New York food bank meet? A．It had no ability to process food. B．It had to turn the live fish into food. C．It lacked a source of food to hand out. D．It had not enough volunteers to help it. 6．What did the chief operations officer stress about the donation? A．Time was tight to deal with the donation. B．He lacked experience in treating live fish. C．There were no funds for processing live fish. D．The donors were generous enough to donate. 7．What was Christina Hudson Kohler’s volunteer work this time? A．Transporting live fish. B．Processing live fish. C．Sorting vegetables. D．Catching live fish. 8．Why did the new company give up their business? A．Food banks needed fish. B．Salmon are not popular. C．It lacked money. D．It wasted too much water. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·江西上饶·期末）Working as volunteers is popular with students in summer holidays. It is believed to be a good way for them to learn about duties. Cindy, a high school student, worked as a volunteer in her hometown this summer. She helped raise money for kids who didn’t have money to go to school. She said Ms. Ballard told her class about those kids when they were learning about education. That was why she decided to help. Cindy said it was not easy. People didn’t believe her at first but she didn’t give up. She explained to them about what she was trying to do. Then they really helped a lot and she raised some money for the poor children. “It was a great experience.” she said. “It taught me that there are always difficulties in life but we should not be afraid. Have more patience (耐心) and communication, and we will all realize our dreams. I am also thankful to Ms. Ballard because she has taught me more important things than just knowledge.” 9．Cindy worked as a _________ this summer. A．worker in a company B．teacher in a school C．guide in a museum D．volunteer in a town 10．Why did Cindy do that in the summer? A．She wanted to help poor kids. B．She wanted to make some money. C．She likes raising money very much. D．She didn’t have other things to do. 11．What did she do when she faced difficulties? A．She gave up right away. B．She asked others to help her. C．She talked with people patiently. D．She couldn’t understand people. 12．Which of the following may Cindy agree with? A．Working as volunteers is meaningless. B．Helping others makes people happy. C．Money is the most important thing. D．Volunteers are not needed. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末）Ever wondered what happens to the recyclables you carefully sort and place in your bin? For years, recycling has been an important part of our efforts to reduce waste and protect the environment. However, the recycling industry has faced significant challenges, from rising costs to labor (劳动力)shortages. But what if technology could transform (改变) this process, making recycling faster, more efficient and actually effective? That’s exactly what AMP Robotics, a Colorado-based company, is working toward. At the heart of AMP’s advancement is its artificial intelligence platform, which uses deep learning to analyze millions of images of waste. This technology enables robots to identify recyclable materials by recognizing patterns in colors, textures, shapes and logos, spotting a single plastic bottle in a sea of trash faster than any human. AMP Robotics is not alone in applying the power of artificial intelligence to transforming waste management. Across Europe and the U. K. companies like Greyparrot and Recycleye are using AI technologies to improve sorting efficiency. Greyparrot uses cameras and machine learning to monitor waste streams in real time, providing detailed insights into material composition. This helps centers maximize resource recovery. Similarly, Recycleye uses robotic arms equipped with AI to automate sorting processes, increasing the purity of recovered materials and promoting productivity. AI applications go far beyond sorting lines. For instance, WestRock is using AI to design sustainable (可持续的) packaging that replaces plastics with fiber-based materials. Their advancements include creating packaging resistant (防……的) to water and oil while maintaining recyclability, helping brands make the turn to more eco-friendly solutions. Governments are also using AI-driven recycling systems, such as Tasmania’s $ 24 million materials recovery site, which processes recyclables from thousands of households using advanced AI systems. In metal recycling, AI is being used to predict market trends by analyzing large amounts of data on prices, supply, demand and trade patterns. This allows recyclers to regulate production based on anticipated (预期的) demand for specific metals. Together, these efforts illustrate how AI is transforming waste management globally, making recycling more efficient, sustainable and impactful. 1．How do robots in AMP Robotics recognize recyclables? A．By identifying patterns using deep learning. B．By measuring the size with digital cameras. C．By weighing the waste using an AI platform. D．By analyzing materials through metal sensors. 2．Why does the author mention Tasmania’s materials recovery site in Paragraph 5? A．To stress the huge cost of recycling. B．To praise the government’s great efforts in recycling. C．To illustrate how AI-driven recycling systems work. D．To show the wide application of AI in recycling. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about AI in metal recycling? A．AI makes metal recyclers ignore market changes completely. B．Analyzing data on prices and supply is unnecessary for predicting market trends. C．Recyclers can adjust their production according to the expected demand for certain metals. D．AI’s prediction of market trends has no influence on the production of metal recyclers. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of AI-Powered Robots B．AI: A Key to Reshaping Waste Management C．Labor Shortages and Cost Issues in Recycling D．Sustainable Packaging: A New AI-Driven Solution Passage 2 （24-25高一下·甘肃临夏·期末）Electronic devices like smartphones and laptops have become important in modern life, but their production and treatment come with significant environmental costs. E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream globally, with millions of tons thrown yearly. Many consumers are unaware that harmful treatment leads to chemicals like lead (铅) and mercury (水银) polluting soil and water. The environmental impact begins long before treatment. Mining raw materials for electronics causes water pollution. Production consumes vast energy, increasing carbon emissions. When devices are thrown improperly, they release dangerous chemicals, harming ecosystems and human health. Recycling offers a solution by recovering valuable metals (gold, silver) and reducing the need for new mining. However, only a small part of e-waste is properly recycled. Governments and producers must improve recycling facilities and adopt “Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)” policies, ensuring companies manage their products’ end-of-life impacts. Consumers also play a key role in choosing energy-efficient devices, repairing and recycling through typical programs instead of replacing electronics. Proper practices like producers’ take-back programs can lengthen products’ life. Public awareness campaigns are critical to drive positive changes. While no single solution can solve e-waste entirely, shared action—from policymakers, industries, and individuals — can significantly reduce its hidden costs. 5．Which aspect of e-waste causes environmental problems? A．Improper treatment. B．Large quantity. C．Wide range. D．Great demand. 6．What can be inferred about recycling e-waste? A．Governments ban e-waste. B．E-waste is recycled properly. C．Consumers prefer to replace devices. D．Recycling reduces raw materials’ use. 7．What does EPR require people to do? A．Produce cheaper devices. B．Recycle products after use. C．Increase product promotion. D．Use harmless production materials. 8．What is the purpose of this article? A．To describe devices’ history. B．To promote smartphone models. C．To criticize electronic producers. D．To explain and offer e-waste solutions. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽黄山·期末）One natural disaster after another had got Brazil into trouble. There had been a huge mudslide (泥石流) in the country’s southeast, then a mysterious oil spill along the northeastern coast, and finally fires in the Amazon rainforest. That was when Kauã Rodolfo, 11, decided it was time to help. The way he sees it, the planet is in big trouble — and it’s up to kids to solve it. So he started planting trees in the southern Brazilian city of Curitiba, one after another. “It’s important to save the planet,” Kauã said, “and it’s important to protect trees, because they make us better.” Kauã is an ambassador (大使) of an organization called Plant-for-the-Planet. Created in 2007 by a 9-year-old German named Felix Finkbeiner, it is an international awareness campaign led by children that began with a great goal: plant 1 million trees. But soon, what began as the one tree Felix planted at his school turned into several thousands, then several hundreds of thousands, then, within a few years, 1 million. But the campaign — and the goal — didn’t stop there. It has sprung up in many countries across the world. Last autumn, it reached Kauã’s classroom. He immediately fell in love with the idea of planting trees and raising awareness about the environment, so he signed up for a one-day training course to become an ambassador of Plant-for-the­Planet. What’s happening in the environment is unpredictable. It’s a scary time to be a kid. But Kauã doesn’t think it has to be. The planet will find a way if people can learn to work together, he said. It is an idea he is trying to instill (逐渐灌输) by giving regular environmental speeches and planting trees. “I’m not scared of the future of the planet, because I’m going to help the planet,” he said. “I’m going to do this. I’m going to go forward with this project. You don’t have to be scared.” He’s already planted seven trees. And he’s excited to plant more. “I don’t know why I love nature, but if I stopped planting trees, I would be sad,” he said. 9．Why does the author mention the natural disasters in paragraph 1? A．To give some background to Kauã’s action. B．To introduce the problems Kauã’s family is facing. C．To stress the importance of protecting the planet. D．To show the effects of human activities on the planet. 10．What can be learned about Plant-for-the-Planet? A．It was based in Brazil. B．It was founded by Kauã. C．It has a history of 20 years. D．It has achieved its original goal. 11．What is the purpose of Kauã’s speeches? A．To inspire people to take a training course. B．To attract people to Plant-for-the-Planet. C．To instill the idea of working hard into children. D．To encourage people to protect the environment together. 12．Which of the following can best describe Kauã? A．Helpful and patient. B．Positive and creative. C．Responsible and determined. D．Smart and brave. 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延边·期末）As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me; but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?” This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 13．As a six-year-old, what made Ryan surprised? A．The distance of the drinking fountain from him. B．What his teacher said about people in developing African countries. C．The steps to the drinking fountain. D．His easy life compared with children in developing African counties. 14．How did Ryan first plan to earn money for building a well? A．By asking classmates and neighbours for help. B．By setting up a foundation to raise money. C．By cleaning windows and doing gardening for family and neighbours. D．By telling his story publicly. 15．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Ryan’s new plan in Canada. B．Ryan’s experience of visiting Africa. C．How people in Africa use the wells. D．The development of Ryan’s foundation and its influence. 16．Which of the following can best describe Ryan’s personalities? A．Kind and determined. B．Brave and humorous. C．Generous but shy. D．Selfish but creative. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东潍坊·期末）On a bright July day in the Nangili, Kenya, the kids from the village gathered at Blessed Children's Home, a shelter for 11 orphans, to kick around a soccer ball made from waste plastic bags tied tightly together with  rope. Blessed Children’s Home has no running water, television or social media. They live on a diet mostly consisting of rice and vegetables. For drinking water, they use collected rainwater and water drawn from a hand-dug unfiltered well. The living conditions were tough for my 15-year-old brother Caleb and me to get used to, but we quickly came to understand that these kids in Nangili have something that many American kids lack. They have friendships resulting from the sufferings they have experienced together, and they have learned to enjoy the simple things in life. Caleb and I are runners on the Farmingdale High School cross-country track team, and we went to Kenya to train at the High Altitude Training Centre in Iten. The training we received from Kenya’s world-class runners was excellent, but our most memorable experiences in Kenya were with the orphans at Blessed Children’s Home. When we arrived there, the children welcomed us warmly. Although Nangili is a very poor village with few resources, its children find joy in playing card games and soccer. We spent many hours a day with them, laughing, running, competing, and playing. Although I missed Farmingdale when I was in Kenya, I gained a new appreciation for all the things we have here. Now I will try to live a life that is more thankful and more focused on people than on things. I want to study business in college so I can help set up social enterprises in Africa that would give opportunities to kids like the orphans I met. They have taught me more than I ever imagined. I realize now that I can learn the deepest life lessons from people with whom I might have thought I had little in common. I look forward to returning to Nangili to play with them again. 17．What does Blessed Children’s Home do? A．It helps poor children survive. B．It shares children’s stories in Kenya. C．It fights for children’s rights in Kenya. D．It takes care of children who don’t have parents. 18．What can we learn about the kids in Nangili from paragraph 2? A．They are on a diet. B．They lead a simple but happy life. C．They have friendships with American kids. D．They are unable to adapt to the living conditions. 19．Why did Caleb and the author go to Kenya? A．To receive training. B．To do sightseeing. C．To study Kenya’s history. D．To teach in a children’s home. 20．What does the author mainly want to tell us? A．Children like playing card games and soccer. B．Nangili is a very poor village with few resources. C．We should be grateful for what we have and the people around us. D．It is wise to make friends with people having little in common with us. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期末）On a cool September evening, I found myself seated around a worn wooden table at a Dungan family’s home in Kyrgyzstan, surrounded by travelers from Spain, Canada, and Russia. The table was set with slices of watermelon as well as cucumber and tomato salads. Our hostess Mrs.Zhang then served us a bamboo basket of steaming jin momo — soft buns similar to Chinese baozi — while explaining how her ancestors had brought wheat growing techniques from northwestern China during the late 19th century. Soon the table was filled with dishes telling silent stories: cucumber salads carrying Gansu flavors and lagman noodles mixing Central Asian vegetables with Shaanxi hand-pulling techniques. As people drank tea and talked in different languages. I gradually understood this gathering was more than a meal. The Spanish architect beside me was amazed at how food could preserve cultural codes across centuries and borders. The Canadian teacher noted that Mrs. Zhang’s kitchen — where Chinese chopping knives met Kyrgyz clay pots — mirrored today’s globalized world. The scene reminds me of Lisa Kyung Gross’ research in New York. Her documentation of immigrant chefs shows food’s double magic: Spanish bakers reinvent date cookies by dipping them in Belgian chocolate, adding new charm and flavors to traditional food. As Gross poetically notes, every bite contains layers of history, yet remains open to new understandings. Perhaps this food magic explains why UNESCO lists 38 food traditions as Intangible Cultural Heritage From Japanese seasonal philosophy to Italian pizza-making skills, these living traditions show how cooking practices maintain identities while encouraging dialogues. That night in Dungan House, the Russian software engineer’s laughter as he struggled with chopsticks perfectly conveyed the message — cultural exchange isn’t about perfection, but shared humanity. 21．What does Mr. Zhang’s explanation of jin momo show? A．The mixture of cooking styles. B．The spread of Chinese farming skills. C．The friendship between two countries. D．The development of traditional Chinese cuisine. 22．Which is the focus of Lisa Kyung Gross research? A．Heritage protection. B．Home-based recipe. C．Cultural shock. D．Immigrant adaptation. 23．What can we learn from the Russian engineer’s experience? A．Laughter helps to overcome cultural shock. B．Communication matters more than correct use. C．Traditional table manners carry humanity code. D．Cultural exchange requires perfect understanding. 24．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．Ta explain how UNESCO protects cultural heritage. B．To discuss food as a bridge between different cultures. C．To describe the cooking techniques of Dungan families. D．To compare different food traditions in Asia and Europe 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延边·期末）As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me; but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?” This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 13．As a six-year-old, what made Ryan surprised? A．The distance of the drinking fountain from him. B．What his teacher said about people in developing African countries. C．The steps to the drinking fountain. D．His easy life compared with children in developing African counties. 14．How did Ryan first plan to earn money for building a well? A．By asking classmates and neighbours for help. B．By setting up a foundation to raise money. C．By cleaning windows and doing gardening for family and neighbours. D．By telling his story publicly. 15．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Ryan’s new plan in Canada. B．Ryan’s experience of visiting Africa. C．How people in Africa use the wells. D．The development of Ryan’s foundation and its influence. 16．Which of the following can best describe Ryan’s personalities? A．Kind and determined. B．Brave and humorous. C．Generous but shy. D．Selfish but creative. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末）Most people can point to an experience in their lives where personal relationships have caused them emotional harm. However, does building better relationships with others have to involve the risk of getting hurt? One popular theory is the hedgehog’s dilemma, also called the porcupine’s dilemma. It has its roots in the thinking of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who proposed that, even with the best of intentions, humans harm each other when they attempt to have intimate and friendly relationships. It goes like this. One cold winter night, a group of porcupines gathered to keep warm, but they hurt each other with their quills, forcing them to move apart. When feeling cold, they moved closer, only to be hurt again. Repeatedly, they eventually found the ideal distance. So the theory ends with the advice: Keep your distance. However, keeping distance is not enough. If you’ve been hurt before, it might be that your quills are up, and you’ve fallen into defence(防御) mode. Hilary, a psychologist, points to some examples of common defence mode such as going blank and regarding the present reaction as criticism. Most of these defensive reactions originate from early experiences of hurt. “In treatments, if people can be helped to recognize the defences by tracking back through the personal experiences, they can be encouraged to be understanding. Then they, have a chance to change and not just repeat old behaviors,” Hilary suggests. “Defences need to be respected and not knocked down in one step. Removing one brick at a time from the wall is very important.” Unlike hedgehogs, humans don’t come with the quills built in. So, when we learn to lower our defences for safe, loving people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all. 17．Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph? A．To give examples. B．To lead to a story. C．To inspire reflection. D．To express concern. 18．What does the underlined word “intimate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Permanent. B．Detailed. C．Independent. D．Close. 19．What does Hilary advise people to do when bringing down defences? A．Address problems with patience. B．Avoid discussing past experiences. C．Immediately remove self-protection. D．Accept the behaviour without changing 20．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．Psychology Today. B．Wildlife Focus. C．Technology Review. D．Runner’s World. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）In the remote town of Yangla, nestled over 3,000 meters above sea level in the mountains of Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Yunnan province, 32-year-old doctor Nasheng is dedicated to providing healthcare to more than 5,400 villagers. Nasheng graduated in Tibetan medicine from Qinghai University. Her passion for the field was ignited not only by a childhood fascination with traditional healing but also by the healthcare challenges faced by her fellow villagers. “I saw how difficult it was for my family to access medical treatment in inland areas — long journeys, language barriers, and cultural differences made it even harder,” she said, noting that many elderly villagers speak only Tibetan. This motivated her to study Tibetan medicine and return to serve her hometown. When she arrived at the Yangla town health center in September 2021, she was struck by the isolation of the area. Although her hometown of Yunling is in the same county, getting to Yangla takes a grueling seven-to-eight-hour drive. As a young doctor at the health center, Nasheng has gained invaluable hands-on experience with each patient she treats. She clearly remembers her first patient — an elderly man with severely deformed joints-for whom she performed her first joint injection under her mentor’s guidance. “That moment made me realize just how much I still needed to learn in order to truly help people,” she said. During her time in Yangla, Nasheng has built a strong connection with the locals. One moment that stood out was when an 80-year-old villager gave her some loquats as a gift. “Fruit is scarce here — I’ve only ever seen apples and walnuts,” Nasheng said. “She had picked them from a town at a lower altitude, knowing we rarely get a break or the chance to buy things from outside.” Looking ahead, she hopes to continue her studies. “But no matter what, I’ll always come back — this is my home.” 21．What motivated Nasheng to serve her hometown? A．The isolation of angla. B．Her passion for traditional healing. C．Yangla’s similar situation with Yuling. D．Her family’s medical treatment experience. 22．Why is loquat mentioned in paragraph 6? A．To show the warmth of the villager. B．To imply how valuable it is as a gift. C．To reflect how scarce Fruit is in Yangla. D．To prove Nasheng’s bonds with the locals. 23．Which of the following can best describe Nasheng? A．Devoted and selfless. B．Brave and responsible. C．Confident and persistent. D．Traditional and optimistic. 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．The healthcare condition is poor in Yangla. B．Medical treatment is in urgent need in Yangla. C．Young doctor brings hope to isolated villagers. D．Young doctor devotes herself to medical treatment. 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1（24-25高一下·山东威海·期末）In a world where tree-dwelling animals (树栖动物) must brave traffic every day just to find lunch, a Brazilian biologist called Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help — by building special rope bridges that let animals stay in the trees and avoid the dangers below. The idea came to Abra years ago when she spotted a Groves’ titi monkey — a species close to extinction — sitting dangerously close to a road. “It was totally left unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That moment set off a mission to protect Brazil’s wildlife, which loses about 475million wild animals yearly to car accidents. Partnering with the native people. Abra started the Reconecta Project. Together, they’ve built over 30 canopy (树冠) bridges along a long highway through the Amazon. These overpasses aren’t just simple rope-and-wood structures. Each bridge is a high-tech design, equipped with cameras to monitor animals crossing. The videos show which species are frequent crossers, and which ones still avoid the bridges. The data helps improve designs, turning unwilling animals into regular crossers. But the bridges do more than protect animals from being killed on the road. By reconnecting once-separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food, and even meet partners. For species that live alone, this could mean more chances to survive and grow their populations. Abra’s work couldn’t be timelier. The fast growth of road construction in Brazil is hurting the natural homes of animals. Yet her team isn’t just building bridges — they’re adding speed bumps (减速带) on roads and posting animal-crossing signs to remind drivers they’ re sharing the roads. The project’s success has even caught global attention, mirroring efforts like California’s mountain lion-friendly freeway overpass. Now, Reconecta is branching out. Abra is bringing together government departments, nonprofits, and universities to weave more green threads across Brazil’s road network. “Brazil has an amazing biodiversity (生物多样性),” she said. “I will do everything that I can to protect this rich biodiversity.” 13．What was the direct reason for Abra to start Reconecta? A．Desiring to partner with natives. B．Knowing the yearly animal death rate. C．Noticing animals endangered by traffic. D．Worrying about the loss of Amazon rainforest. 14．What are the cameras on the canopy bridges used to do? A．Help animals to find food. B．Monitor species populations. C．Scare off enemies for monkeys. D．Record crossings for better designs. 15．Why is California’s freeway overpass mentioned? A．To point out timely actions are needed. B．To introduce a new method for animal protection. C．To show the Reconecta Project is getting global attention. D．To stress shared challenges in road construction worldwide. 16．What is the passage mainly about? A．The lifelines built in the treetops for wildlife. B．The value of protecting Amazon’s biodiversity. C．The need for combined efforts to protect wildlife. D．The risks caused by Brazil’s highway development. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末）The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence. Local climate can also be affected by other human factors and natural variability. Carbon dioxide has been building up in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial era in the mid-1700s, primarily due to burning coal, oil, and gas, and secondarily due to clearing of forests. Atmospheric levels have increased by about 40% relative to pre-industrial levels. Methane levels in the atmosphere have increased due to human activities including agriculture, mining coal, extraction (抽取) and transport of natural gas, and other fossil fuel-related activities. Since pre-industrial times, methane levels have increased by 250%. The conclusion that human influences are the primary driver of recent climate change is based on multiple lines of independent evidence. The first line of evidence is our fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in these gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate. The second line of evidence is from reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals. These show that global surface temperatures over the last several decades are clearly unusual, with the last decade warmer than any time in at least the last 1,300 years and perhaps much longer. The third line of evidence comes from using climate models to simulate (模拟) the climate of the past century, separating the human and natural factors that influence climate. When the human factors are removed, these models show that solar and volcanic activities would have tended to slightly cool the earth, and other natural variations are too small to explain the amount of warming. Only when the human influences are included do the models reproduce the warming observed over the past 50 years. 17．What do carbon dioxide and methane have in common according to this text? A．They smell bad. B．They can trap heat. C．They belong to fuels. D．They are from the same source. 18．How does the author illustrate the evidence of human influences on climate change? A．By listing. B．By showing data. C．By comparing. D．By giving examples. 19．What can be inferred about climate change from the last paragraph? A．Natural factors have a greater impact on climate change. B．Solar and volcanic activities tend to make the earth warm. C．Human influences have played an important part in it. D．The climate models can work well with human factors removed. 20．What does this text mainly talk about? A．The restoration of a cool climate. B．Human impact on climate and its evidence. C．The climate in the pre-industrial times. D．Measures to control carbon emissions. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期末）Air pollution remains a global health crisis, responsible for 4.7 million early deaths worldwide in 2021 — about the same as road-traffic accidents, malaria and suicides combined. While road traffic significantly contributes to this problem, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) presents both promise and challenges that deserve careful examination. Unlike traditional cars, EVs produce no direct exhaust emissions (尾气排放), making them crucial for urban air quality improvement. However, they still produce considerable non-exhaust pollutants from brake, tire and road wear (磨损). These micro particles (颗粒), particularly those smaller than 2.5 microns, pose serious health risks by getting into the lungs and other organs via the bloodstream, potentially causing heart or lung disease, stroke, and cancer. One 2021 study by researchers at the University of Southampton found some brake-pad dust seems more damaging to lung cells, partly due to higher levels of copper, which can damage cells and DNA．Scientists estimate that EVs produce more of these non-exhaust particles than other cars because their batteries make them heavier, the weight averaging 2,133 kg, compared to 1,500-1,800 kg for traditional vehicles, causing them to generate more friction (摩擦). Despite this, EVs are still mostly less polluting than other cars. They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down. Comparative studies show EVs emit about 14 mg/ km of fine particles versus 18 mg/ km for petrol when accounting for all sources. To maximize EV benefits, several strategies are significant. One way is to regulate non-exhaust emissions in a similar way to exhaust. Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed. Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants. 21．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To promote the use of EVs. B．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of EVs. C．To argue about car pollution. D．To compare two types of vehicle pollution. 22．How do regenerative braking systems in EVs reduce pollution? A．Stop using brakes completely B．Turn motion into battery power C．Prevent harmful particles D．Make the car lighter. 23．Which best explains “relocating” in Paragraph 4? A．reducing. B．shifting. C．hiding. D．measuring. 24．What can be inferred about oversized EVs? A．They may cause unnecessary pollution. B．They help regulate emissions. C．They are powered with renewable sources. D．They show technological progress. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·湖南长沙·期末）My father is a busy doctor. When I was in junior high, I used to complain that he never had time for me. He left home early and returned late, often missing family dinners. I felt ignored and sometimes even doubted if he cared. One Saturday morning, I woke up to the smell of food. I went downstairs and found my father in the kitchen, wearing an apron. “I thought we could have breakfast together,” he said, smiling. I was surprised — he usually worked on weekends. As we ate, he asked about my school, my friends, and my new hobby — painting. He listened carefully, nodding and asking questions. For the first time, I felt he was truly interested in my life. Then he shared stories from his own teenage years, something he rarely did. I learned that he had once dreamed of being an artist, but chose medicine to help people. That breakfast didn’t last long — he had to go to the hospital soon after. But it changed our relationship. I realized that his silence wasn’t a lack of love; it was exhaustion from long hours of work. From that day on, I made more effort to talk to him, even if just for a few minutes when he got home. Now, I understand that love isn’t always about big gestures; sometimes, it’s in a simple meal and a listening ear. 1．Why did the author feel ignored by his father? A．His father was too strict with him. B．His father never talked to him. C．His father was often absent because of work. D．His father preferred his sibling. 2．What made the author surprised that Saturday morning? A．His father cooked breakfast for the family. B．His father decided to change his job. C．His father gave him a gift concerning art. D．His father suggested eating out together. 3．What did the author learn about his father during the breakfast? A．His father used to want to be an artist. B．His father was good at sports in his youth. C．His father didn’t like being a doctor. D．His father cooked himself a lot as a teenager. 4．What is the main message of the story? A．Parents should spend more time at home to accompany their children. B．Understanding and communication can improve family relationships. C．Teenagers should help with housework to build a harmonious family. D．Doctors have the hardest jobs that steal their time with their beloved. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，通过描述作者与父亲因工作繁忙产生的隔阂，以及一次早餐对话后关系的改善，传达了家庭关系中理解和沟通的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He left home early and returned late, often missing family dinners. I felt ignored and sometimes even doubted if he cared.(他早出晚归，常错过家庭晚餐，我感到被忽视甚至怀疑他是否关心我)”可知，作者因父亲常因工作缺席家庭活动而感到被忽视。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“I woke up to the smell of food. I went downstairs and found my father in the kitchen, wearing an apron. “I thought we could have breakfast together,” he said, smiling. I was surprised — he usually worked on weekends(我闻到食物香味醒来，下楼发现父亲穿着围裙在厨房，笑着说‘我们可以一起吃早餐’，我很惊讶——他通常周末工作)”可知，作者惊讶的原因是父亲在周末做了早餐，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then he shared stories from his own teenage years... I learned that he had once dreamed of being an artist, but chose medicine to help people(他分享了年轻时的故事——我了解到他曾梦想成为艺术家，但选择医学帮助他人)”可知，作者了解到父亲年轻时想成为艺术家，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“I woke up to the smell of food. I went downstairs and found my father in the kitchen, wearing an apron. “I thought we could have breakfast together,” he said, smiling. I was surprised — he usually worked on weekends(我闻到食物香味醒来，下楼发现父亲穿着围裙在厨房，笑着说‘我们可以一起吃早餐’，我很惊讶——他通常周末工作)”、第三段“Then he shared stories from his own teenage years... I learned that he had once dreamed of being an artist, but chose medicine to help people(他分享了年轻时的故事——我了解到他曾梦想成为艺术家，但选择医学帮助他人)”以及最后一段“That breakfast didn’t last long — he had to go to the hospital soon after. But it changed our relationship. I realized that his silence wasn’t a lack of love; it was exhaustion from long hours of work. From that day on, I made more effort to talk to him, even if just for a few minutes when he got home. Now, I understand that love isn’t always about big gestures; sometimes, it’s in a simple meal and a listening ear(那顿早餐没持续多久——他很快就得去医院了。但这改变了我们的关系。我意识到，他的沉默并非源于缺少爱，而是长时间工作带来的疲惫。从那天起，我更主动地去和他交谈，哪怕只是在他回家时聊上几分钟。如今我明白了，爱并不总是需要轰轰烈烈的举动；有时，它藏在一顿简单的饭菜里，和一双倾听的耳朵中)”可知，文章通过一次早餐对话（父亲倾听作者生活、分享自己年轻时的梦想）改变了两人关系，最后点明“爱有时体现在简单的一餐和倾听中”，强调理解和沟通对家庭关系的改善作用。选项B“理解和沟通能改善家庭关系”概括了全文核心，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·安徽宣城·期末）Sandoval, who comes from Los Angeles, has traveled and filmed in over 50 countries across seven continents and now lives in China. “In 2008, tired of my studio work in the U.S, I came to China, with the hope of trying something different for myself.” he said. Sandoval is a professional photographer and he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then. To him, Chengdu is the capital of a laid-back lifestyle. He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets “as slowly as snails”. Almost a “walking encyclopedia” of Chengdu, Sandoval covered every corner of Chengdu and recorded Chengduese and their lives with his camera, listening to the sound of mahjong being played and music from traditional stringed instruments. He also goes from place to place with his heavy travel kit. The various culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning. He remembers a wide range of adventures like exploring a local vineyard and local wine in Yinchuan City, a riding performance by a Mongolian ethnic group in the Shuidonggou Horse Riding Show, and then the totally different experience of visiting the Hainan Free Trade Port in the south. He thinks he has done a lot in “this beautiful and vast country” with his “travel photos”. “I try to show people the beauty of where I go. I try to inspire them to travel and go to places. I’m hoping to do more international work,” he said. 5．Why did Sandoval come to China in 2008? A．He was not good at studio work in the U. S. B．He wanted to seek for something different. C．He had a preference for international work. D．He was attracted by China’s natural scenery. 6．What does the underlined word “laid-back” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Fast-paced. B．Healthy. C．Leisurely. D．Simple. 7．Sandoval’s experiences around China are mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show . A．his fascination for Chinese culture B．his superb photo technique C．his desire for new careers D．his diverse hobbies 8．What is the writing purpose of this passage? A．To praise Sandoval for his studio work in the U. S. B．To facilitate the development of tourism in Chengdu. C．To call on readers to take up photography as a hobby. D．To introduce the experience of a foreign photographer in China. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自美国洛杉矶的专业摄影师Sandoval，2008年来到中国后，因喜爱中国文化与生活，不仅定居成都记录当地生活，还游历中国多地并用摄影作品展现中国之美，且计划开展更多国际相关工作的经历。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 2008, tired of my studio work in the U.S, I came to China, with the hope of trying something different for myself.(2008年，我厌倦了在美国的工作室工作，来到中国，希望为自己尝试一些不同的事情。)”可知，Sandoval于2008年来到中国是因为想尝试不同的事物。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“He was delighted to see that residents, dressed stylishly or comfortably, strolled in the streets ‘as slowly as snails’.(他很高兴地看到，居民们穿着时髦或舒适的衣服，‘像蜗牛一样慢’地在街上漫步。)”可知，成都居民生活节奏缓慢，由此可推测laid-back指“悠闲的、放松的”。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“The various culture and vast, beautiful land has kept him in China much longer than he had planned in the beginning.(多样的文化和广阔美丽的土地让他在中国停留的时间比最初计划的要长得多。)”以及其后列举的在银川、参加蒙古族马术表演、参观海南自由贸易港等经历可知，这些经历是为了体现他对中国文化的喜爱与着迷。故选A。 8．推理判断题。 通读全文，根据第二段“Sandoval is a professional photographer and he went to Chengdu in Southwest China to live in October 2008 and has traveled throughout the country since then.(Sandoval是一名专业摄影师，他于2008年10月来到中国西南部的成都生活，此后游历了全国各地。)”可知，文章围绕美国摄影师Sandoval来到中国后的生活、游历经历以及他用摄影记录中国、展现中国之美的想法展开，核心是介绍这位外国摄影师在中国的经历。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）When wealthy people pass away, they usually leave instructions for what to do with the money or property that they leave behind. Often, the money and property go to their heirs (继承人). However, in some cases, rich pet owners leave their wealth to their pets after they die. For example, there is a poodle named Toby. When this poodle’s owner passed away, she left Toby 15 million pounds (about $25 million). Then there is Flossie, a yellow Lab mutt, who is not only rich, but is also famous. In 2001, Flossie made the headlines after she rescued her owner, the actress Drew Barrymore and Drew’s husband, from a house fire. To thank Flossie, Drew gave her house to Flossie. Of course, Drew repaired the fire damage first. Now, Flossie is the owner of a beautiful $3 million home. It may seem strange for a dog to own such an expensive home, but Flossie is not the only dog like that. Gunther IV, a German Shepherd, bought his home from Madonna and paid over $7 million for the house. However, this was no big deal for him because Gunther IV has about $200 million! This makes him the richest dog in the world. He inherited the money from his father, who was the heir to the fortune of a German countess. 9．What do wealthy people often leave behind when they pass away? A．Instructions for their pets. B．Instructions for their money or property. C．Instructions for their friends. D．Instructions for their employees. 10．How much money did the poodle Toby inherit from his owner? A．$15 million. B．$25 million. C．$7 million. D．$200 million. 11．How is Flossie’s home now? A．It was burnt down. B．It has been badly damaged. C．It is a newly-built house. D．It has been repaired. 12．Why was buying a $7 million house “no big deal” for Gunther IV? A．He earned the money himself. B．Madonna gave him the house for free. C．His owner paid for it. D．He was the richest dog in the world. 【答案】9．B 10．B 11．D 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一些富有的宠物主人去世后将财富留给宠物的事例。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When wealthy people pass away, they usually leave instructions for what to do with the money or property that they leave behind.(当富人去世时，他们通常会留下关于如何处理他们留下的金钱或财产的指示)”可知，富人去世时通常会留下关于金钱或财产的处理指示。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, there is a poodle named Toby. When this poodle’s owner passed away, she left Toby 15 million pounds (about $25 million).(例如，有一只名叫Toby的贵宾犬。当这只贵宾犬的主人去世时，她留给Toby 1500万英镑（约合2500万美元）)”可知，贵宾犬Toby从主人那里继承了2500万美元。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To thank Flossie, Drew gave her house to Flossie. Of course, Drew repaired the fire damage first.(为了感谢Flossie，Drew把她的房子给了Flossie。当然，Drew首先修复了火灾造成的损坏)”可知，Flossie的家已经被修复了。故选D项。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, this was no big deal for him because Gunther IV has about $200 million! This makes him the richest dog in the world.(然而，这对他来说没什么大不了的，因为Gunther IV拥有大约2亿美元！这使他成为世界上最富有的狗)”可知，购买700万美元的房子对Gunther IV来说“没什么大不了的”，因为他是世界上最富有的狗。故选D项。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·河北雄安·期末）John Agnello, a 15-year-old boy, was out fishing with his mom near the Lakefront Marina in Grosse Pointe Woods Tuesday afternoon when he saw that a car just got flying in the air. It was about 15 yards away and dropped into the water. Without hesitation, John said, he and a man jumped into the water to help the woman inside the car. “The car was at like 65% water, so then we had to get her out of the window because the door wasn’t opening,” he said. He and the man pulled the woman to safety, who lost consciousness (意识). John’s mom, Beth Agnello, called 911 at once. John wondered whether there was anybody else inside the car, so he jumped back into the water. Thankfully, the car was empty. “The only part that kind of scared me was when I was under the water inside the car, feeling around in there,” John said. “It was kind of like I got trapped in the car. But everything was fine.” Beth Agnello said she is so proud of her son who is being called a hero. “I’m hoping that he isn’t proud of being a hero and considers some work options for his future,” Beth Agnello said. John Agnello said he doesn’t know if he’ll be a first responder in the future, but he does know he loves helping others. “I think that’s just how my family raised me just to take action to help,” John Agnello said. St. Clair Shores police are investigating what caused the car to go into the water. Police said the woman was taken to the hospital to be examined. 1．Why did John go back under the water? A．To find something valuable. B．To ensure nobody was in the car. C．To show off his swimming skills. D．To check the condition of the car. 2．What made John frightened? A．The emptiness of the car. B．Too much water in the car. C．The absence of other rescuers. D．The difficulty of getting out of the car. 3．What does Beth Agnello hope? A．John chooses fishing as his future job. B．Fishing can earn her family more money. C．John stays grounded despite the recognition. D．The police can prevent such things happening. 4．Which of the following can best describe John? A．Brave and helpful. B．Active and patient. C．Selfless and honest. D．Adventurous and childish. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了15岁男孩John Agnello和母亲在钓鱼时，看到一辆汽车坠入水中，他不顾危险两次跳入水中救人，最终成功将车内失去意识的女子救出，其英勇行为获得母亲赞扬，同时警方也在调查汽车坠水原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“John wondered whether there was anybody else inside the car, so he jumped back into the water. Thankfully, the car was empty(John想知道车里是否还有其他人，于是他又跳回水里。幸运的是，车里是空的)”可知，John再次回到水下的目的是确认车里是否还有其他人。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段““The only part that kind of scared me was when I was under the water inside the car, feeling around in there,” John said. “It was kind of like I got trapped in the car. But everything was fine.”(John说：“唯一让我有点害怕的是，当我在车里的水下，在里面摸索的时候。就好像我被困在车里了。不过一切都还好。”)”可知，让John感到害怕的是在车里水下摸索时感觉像被困在车里，也就是从车里出来的困难。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Beth Agnello said she is so proud of her son who is being called a hero. “I’m hoping that he isn’t proud of being a hero and considers some work options for his future,” Beth Agnello said (Beth Agnello说，她为儿子感到骄傲，儿子被称为英雄。“我希望他不要因为被称为英雄而骄傲，而是要考虑一下自己未来的工作选择，”Beth Agnello说)”可知，Beth Agnello希望John不要因为被赞誉为英雄而骄傲，要保持脚踏实地，考虑未来的工作选择。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Without hesitation, John said, he and a man jumped into the water to help the woman inside the car(John毫不犹豫地说，他和一名男子跳入水中，去帮助车里的女子)”最后一段“John Agnello said he doesn’t know if he’ll be a first responder in the future, but he does know he loves helping others.(John说，他不知道自己将来是否会成为第一响应者，但他知道自己喜欢帮助别人)”可推断出John是一个勇敢且乐于助人的人。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·湖北十堰·期末）A New York food bank was offered a large donation of fresh fish last month — but the gift came with a difficulty. LocalCoho,a New York salmon (鲑鱼) farm that was closing, wanted to give 18,100kilograms of salmon to the Food Bank of Central New York. The high-quality meat could feed thousands of families. However, the gift fish were still alive and swimming in the farm’s large pool. The organization needed to find a way to remove about 13,000 salmon from the pool and, later, process them into food. And the food aid group needed to do all this quickly, before the business closed forever at the end of January. Thanks to many volunteers, the group was able to empty the pool in time, place the fish in cold storage and transport them to a processer. Brian McManus is the food bank’s chief operations officer. He said that the short amount of time to complete the operation made activities difficult. But he said, “I knew that we had the will. I knew we had the skill.” Christina Hudson Kohler was among the volunteers who got into the water to collect the fish and put them into the cold storage containers. “It’s a little bit different,” Kohler said during a break. “In the past, my volunteer work with the food bank has been sorting carrots or peppers...” LocalCoho was a new company that had been developing a sustainable (可持续的) salmon farming system. The system uses recycled water. The company had been supplying salmon to buyers, including restaurants, with the goal of building farms across the country. But company officials said they could not raise enough money from investors (投资者) to grow and make money. So, they decided to close the business. The company did not want the fish to go to waste so it sought a way to donate them. The donation is expected to provide more than 26,000 hard-to-reach meals to hungry people. 5．What problem did the New York food bank meet? A．It had no ability to process food. B．It had to turn the live fish into food. C．It lacked a source of food to hand out. D．It had not enough volunteers to help it. 6．What did the chief operations officer stress about the donation? A．Time was tight to deal with the donation. B．He lacked experience in treating live fish. C．There were no funds for processing live fish. D．The donors were generous enough to donate. 7．What was Christina Hudson Kohler’s volunteer work this time? A．Transporting live fish. B．Processing live fish. C．Sorting vegetables. D．Catching live fish. 8．Why did the new company give up their business? A．Food banks needed fish. B．Salmon are not popular. C．It lacked money. D．It wasted too much water. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了纽约食物银行获赠活鲑鱼及处理过程 。 5．细节理解题。 根据第二段“However, the gift fish were still alive and swimming in the farm’s large pool. The organization needed to find a way to remove about 13,000 salmon from the pool and, later, process them into food.(然而，这些捐赠的鱼还活着，在农场的大水池里游来游去。该组织需要找到一种方法，从水池中捞出约13,000条鲑鱼，随后将它们加工成食物)”可知，纽约食物银行遇到的问题是它必须把活鱼变成食物。故选B。 6．细节理解题。 根据第四段“Brian McManus is the food bank’s chief operations officer. He said that the short amount of time to complete the operation made activities difficult.(布莱恩·麦克马纳斯是这家食物银行的首席运营官。他表示，完成这项操作的时间紧迫，使得各项活动开展起来困难重重)”可知，首席运营官强调处理捐赠的时间很紧。 故选A。 7．细节理解题。 根据第五段“Christina Hudson Kohler was among the volunteers who got into the water to collect the fish and put them into the cold storage containers.(克里斯蒂娜·哈德森·科勒是众多志愿者中的一员，她下水捕捞这些鱼，并将它们放入冷藏容器中)”可知，Christina Hudson Kohler这次的志愿者工作是抓活鱼。 故选D。 8．细节理解题。 根据第六段“But company officials said they could not raise enough money from investors (投资者) to grow and make money. So, they decided to close the business.(但公司管理人员表示，他们无法从投资者那里筹集到足够的资金来扩大规模并实现盈利，因此决定关闭公司)”可知，这家新公司放弃业务是因为它缺乏资金。 故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·江西上饶·期末）Working as volunteers is popular with students in summer holidays. It is believed to be a good way for them to learn about duties. Cindy, a high school student, worked as a volunteer in her hometown this summer. She helped raise money for kids who didn’t have money to go to school. She said Ms. Ballard told her class about those kids when they were learning about education. That was why she decided to help. Cindy said it was not easy. People didn’t believe her at first but she didn’t give up. She explained to them about what she was trying to do. Then they really helped a lot and she raised some money for the poor children. “It was a great experience.” she said. “It taught me that there are always difficulties in life but we should not be afraid. Have more patience (耐心) and communication, and we will all realize our dreams. I am also thankful to Ms. Ballard because she has taught me more important things than just knowledge.” 9．Cindy worked as a _________ this summer. A．worker in a company B．teacher in a school C．guide in a museum D．volunteer in a town 10．Why did Cindy do that in the summer? A．She wanted to help poor kids. B．She wanted to make some money. C．She likes raising money very much. D．She didn’t have other things to do. 11．What did she do when she faced difficulties? A．She gave up right away. B．She asked others to help her. C．She talked with people patiently. D．She couldn’t understand people. 12．Which of the following may Cindy agree with? A．Working as volunteers is meaningless. B．Helping others makes people happy. C．Money is the most important thing. D．Volunteers are not needed. 【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中生Cindy暑假当志愿者为贫困孩子筹钱，虽遇困难但未放弃，她认为这经历让自己学会耐心与沟通。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cindy, a high school student, worked as a volunteer in her hometown this summer.(辛迪是一名高中生，今年夏天在家乡做志愿者)”可知，辛迪今年夏天在镇上做志愿者。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“She helped raise money for kids who didn’t have money to go to school. She said Ms. Ballard told her class about those kids when they were learning about education. That was why she decided to help.(她帮助那些没钱上学的孩子筹集资金。她说，巴拉德女士在教他们教育时向全班同学讲述了这些孩子的情况。这就是她决定帮忙的原因)”可知，辛迪在夏天这么做是因为她想帮助贫困的孩子。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“People didn’t believe her at first but she didn’t give up. She explained to them about what she was trying to do.(一开始人们不相信她，但她没有放弃。她向他们解释了她想做的事情)”以及第四段“Have more patience (耐心) and communication, and we will all realize our dreams.(多一点耐心和沟通，我们都会实现自己的梦想)”可知，当遇到困难时，她耐心地与人交谈。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段““It was a great experience.” she said. “It taught me that there are always difficulties in life but we should not be afraid. Have more patience (耐心) and communication, and we will all realize our dreams. I am also thankful to Ms. Ballard because she has taught me more important things than just knowledge.”(“这是一次很棒的经历。”她说。“它教会我生活中总会有困难，但我们不应该害怕。多一点耐心和沟通，我们都会实现自己的梦想。我也很感谢巴拉德女士，因为她教会我的不仅仅是知识，还有更重要的东西”)”以及前文辛迪帮助贫困的孩子筹集资金的事情可推知，辛迪可能同意“帮助别人使人快乐”这个观点。故选B项。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末）Ever wondered what happens to the recyclables you carefully sort and place in your bin? For years, recycling has been an important part of our efforts to reduce waste and protect the environment. However, the recycling industry has faced significant challenges, from rising costs to labor (劳动力)shortages. But what if technology could transform (改变) this process, making recycling faster, more efficient and actually effective? That’s exactly what AMP Robotics, a Colorado-based company, is working toward. At the heart of AMP’s advancement is its artificial intelligence platform, which uses deep learning to analyze millions of images of waste. This technology enables robots to identify recyclable materials by recognizing patterns in colors, textures, shapes and logos, spotting a single plastic bottle in a sea of trash faster than any human. AMP Robotics is not alone in applying the power of artificial intelligence to transforming waste management. Across Europe and the U. K. companies like Greyparrot and Recycleye are using AI technologies to improve sorting efficiency. Greyparrot uses cameras and machine learning to monitor waste streams in real time, providing detailed insights into material composition. This helps centers maximize resource recovery. Similarly, Recycleye uses robotic arms equipped with AI to automate sorting processes, increasing the purity of recovered materials and promoting productivity. AI applications go far beyond sorting lines. For instance, WestRock is using AI to design sustainable (可持续的) packaging that replaces plastics with fiber-based materials. Their advancements include creating packaging resistant (防……的) to water and oil while maintaining recyclability, helping brands make the turn to more eco-friendly solutions. Governments are also using AI-driven recycling systems, such as Tasmania’s $ 24 million materials recovery site, which processes recyclables from thousands of households using advanced AI systems. In metal recycling, AI is being used to predict market trends by analyzing large amounts of data on prices, supply, demand and trade patterns. This allows recyclers to regulate production based on anticipated (预期的) demand for specific metals. Together, these efforts illustrate how AI is transforming waste management globally, making recycling more efficient, sustainable and impactful. 1．How do robots in AMP Robotics recognize recyclables? A．By identifying patterns using deep learning. B．By measuring the size with digital cameras. C．By weighing the waste using an AI platform. D．By analyzing materials through metal sensors. 2．Why does the author mention Tasmania’s materials recovery site in Paragraph 5? A．To stress the huge cost of recycling. B．To praise the government’s great efforts in recycling. C．To illustrate how AI-driven recycling systems work. D．To show the wide application of AI in recycling. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about AI in metal recycling? A．AI makes metal recyclers ignore market changes completely. B．Analyzing data on prices and supply is unnecessary for predicting market trends. C．Recyclers can adjust their production according to the expected demand for certain metals. D．AI’s prediction of market trends has no influence on the production of metal recyclers. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of AI-Powered Robots B．AI: A Key to Reshaping Waste Management C．Labor Shortages and Cost Issues in Recycling D．Sustainable Packaging: A New AI-Driven Solution 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人工智能（AI）如何通过深度学习、机器人分拣、实时监控、可持续包装设计及市场趋势预测等技术，解决回收行业面临的成本上升、劳动力短缺等挑战，重塑全球废物管理，提升回收效率与可持续性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the heart of AMP’s advancement is its artificial intelligence platform, which uses deep learning to analyze millions of images of waste. This technology enables robots to identify recyclable materials by recognizing patterns in colors, textures, shapes and logos, spotting a single plastic bottle in a sea of trash faster than any human.(AMP进步的核心是其人工智能平台，该平台使用深度学习来分析数百万张垃圾图像。这项技术使机器人能够通过识别颜色、纹理、形状和徽标中的图案来识别可回收材料，在垃圾海中发现一个塑料瓶的速度比任何人都快)“”可知，AMP Robotics的机器人通过深度学习识别模式来辨认可回收物。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“AI applications go far beyond sorting lines. For instance, WestRock is using AI to design sustainable (可持续的) packaging that replaces plastics with fiber-based materials. Their advancements include creating packaging resistant (防……的) to water and oil while maintaining recyclability, helping brands make the turn to more eco-friendly solutions. Governments are also using AI-driven recycling systems, such as Tasmania’s $ 24 million materials recovery site, which processes recyclables from thousands of households using advanced AI systems.(人工智能应用程序远远超出了分拣线。例如，WestRock正在使用人工智能设计可持续包装，用纤维基材料代替塑料。他们的进步包括创造防水和防油的包装，同时保持可回收性，帮助品牌转向更环保的解决方案。政府也在使用人工智能驱动的回收系统，例如塔斯马尼亚州耗资2400万美元的材料回收网站，该网站使用先进的人工智能系统处理数千户家庭的可回收物。)”可知，作者提到塔斯马尼亚的材料回收站点是为了展示人工智能在回收领域的广泛应用。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In metal recycling, AI is being used to predict market trends by analyzing large amounts of data on prices, supply, demand and trade patterns. This allows recyclers to regulate production based on anticipated (预期的) demand for specific metals.(在金属回收领域，人工智能正被用于通过分析大量关于价格、供应、需求和贸易模式的数据来预测市场趋势。这使得回收商能够根据对特定金属的预期需求来调节生产)”可知，回收商可以根据某些金属的预期需求调整生产。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“But what if technology could transform (改变) this process, making recycling faster, more efficient and actually effective? That’s exactly what AMP Robotics, a Colorado-based company, is working toward. (但是，如果技术能够改变这一过程，使回收更快、更高效、更有效呢？这正是总部位于科罗拉多州的AMP Robotics公司正在努力的方向)”及最后一段“Together, these efforts illustrate how AI is transforming waste management globally, making recycling more efficient, sustainable and impactful.(这些努力共同说明了人工智能如何在全球范围内改变废物管理，使回收更加高效、可持续和有影响力)”可知，文章主要讲述人工智能正在重塑废物管理，是改变废物管理的关键。因此，B项AI: A Key to Reshaping Waste Management(人工智能：重塑废物管理的关键)适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·甘肃临夏·期末）Electronic devices like smartphones and laptops have become important in modern life, but their production and treatment come with significant environmental costs. E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream globally, with millions of tons thrown yearly. Many consumers are unaware that harmful treatment leads to chemicals like lead (铅) and mercury (水银) polluting soil and water. The environmental impact begins long before treatment. Mining raw materials for electronics causes water pollution. Production consumes vast energy, increasing carbon emissions. When devices are thrown improperly, they release dangerous chemicals, harming ecosystems and human health. Recycling offers a solution by recovering valuable metals (gold, silver) and reducing the need for new mining. However, only a small part of e-waste is properly recycled. Governments and producers must improve recycling facilities and adopt “Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)” policies, ensuring companies manage their products’ end-of-life impacts. Consumers also play a key role in choosing energy-efficient devices, repairing and recycling through typical programs instead of replacing electronics. Proper practices like producers’ take-back programs can lengthen products’ life. Public awareness campaigns are critical to drive positive changes. While no single solution can solve e-waste entirely, shared action—from policymakers, industries, and individuals — can significantly reduce its hidden costs. 5．Which aspect of e-waste causes environmental problems? A．Improper treatment. B．Large quantity. C．Wide range. D．Great demand. 6．What can be inferred about recycling e-waste? A．Governments ban e-waste. B．E-waste is recycled properly. C．Consumers prefer to replace devices. D．Recycling reduces raw materials’ use. 7．What does EPR require people to do? A．Produce cheaper devices. B．Recycle products after use. C．Increase product promotion. D．Use harmless production materials. 8．What is the purpose of this article? A．To describe devices’ history. B．To promote smartphone models. C．To criticize electronic producers. D．To explain and offer e-waste solutions. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了电子垃圾带来的环境问题，包括其产生的原因、造成的危害，以及解决电子垃圾问题的相关措施等。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Many consumers are unaware that harmful treatment leads to chemicals like lead (铅) and mercury (水银) polluting soil and water. (许多消费者没有意识到，有害的处理方式会导致铅、水银等化学物质污染土壤和水源)”可知，电子垃圾的不当处理会引发环境问题。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Recycling offers a solution by recovering valuable metals (gold, silver) and reducing the need for new mining. (回收利用通过回收有价值的金属（金、银）并减少对新采矿的需求，提供了一种解决方案)”可知，回收电子垃圾可以减少对原材料的使用。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Governments and producers must improve recycling facilities and adopt “Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)” policies, ensuring companies manage their products’ end-of-life impacts. (政府和生产商必须改善回收设施，并采用“生产者延伸责任（EPR）”政策，确保企业对其产品的报废影响进行管理)”可知，EPR要求企业在产品使用后对其进行回收处理。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“E-waste is now the fastest-growing waste stream globally, with millions of tons thrown yearly. Many consumers are unaware that harmful treatment leads to chemicals like lead (铅) and mercury (水银) polluting soil and water. (电子垃圾如今已成为全球增长最快的废物流，每年有数以百万吨计的电子垃圾被丢弃。许多消费者并未意识到，对电子垃圾的不当处理会导致铅、水银等化学物质污染土壤和水源)”并结合全文内容可知，文章首先阐述了电子垃圾带来的环境成本和危害，包括从原材料开采到处理过程中的各种环境问题，随后提出了回收利用、政府和生产者采取措施、消费者参与等解决办法，因此，D选项“解释电子垃圾问题并提供解决方案。”是本文写作目的。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽黄山·期末）One natural disaster after another had got Brazil into trouble. There had been a huge mudslide (泥石流) in the country’s southeast, then a mysterious oil spill along the northeastern coast, and finally fires in the Amazon rainforest. That was when Kauã Rodolfo, 11, decided it was time to help. The way he sees it, the planet is in big trouble — and it’s up to kids to solve it. So he started planting trees in the southern Brazilian city of Curitiba, one after another. “It’s important to save the planet,” Kauã said, “and it’s important to protect trees, because they make us better.” Kauã is an ambassador (大使) of an organization called Plant-for-the-Planet. Created in 2007 by a 9-year-old German named Felix Finkbeiner, it is an international awareness campaign led by children that began with a great goal: plant 1 million trees. But soon, what began as the one tree Felix planted at his school turned into several thousands, then several hundreds of thousands, then, within a few years, 1 million. But the campaign — and the goal — didn’t stop there. It has sprung up in many countries across the world. Last autumn, it reached Kauã’s classroom. He immediately fell in love with the idea of planting trees and raising awareness about the environment, so he signed up for a one-day training course to become an ambassador of Plant-for-the­Planet. What’s happening in the environment is unpredictable. It’s a scary time to be a kid. But Kauã doesn’t think it has to be. The planet will find a way if people can learn to work together, he said. It is an idea he is trying to instill (逐渐灌输) by giving regular environmental speeches and planting trees. “I’m not scared of the future of the planet, because I’m going to help the planet,” he said. “I’m going to do this. I’m going to go forward with this project. You don’t have to be scared.” He’s already planted seven trees. And he’s excited to plant more. “I don’t know why I love nature, but if I stopped planting trees, I would be sad,” he said. 9．Why does the author mention the natural disasters in paragraph 1? A．To give some background to Kauã’s action. B．To introduce the problems Kauã’s family is facing. C．To stress the importance of protecting the planet. D．To show the effects of human activities on the planet. 10．What can be learned about Plant-for-the-Planet? A．It was based in Brazil. B．It was founded by Kauã. C．It has a history of 20 years. D．It has achieved its original goal. 11．What is the purpose of Kauã’s speeches? A．To inspire people to take a training course. B．To attract people to Plant-for-the-Planet. C．To instill the idea of working hard into children. D．To encourage people to protect the environment together. 12．Which of the following can best describe Kauã? A．Helpful and patient. B．Positive and creative. C．Responsible and determined. D．Smart and brave. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了巴西接连遭遇自然灾害后，11岁的Kauã加入“为地球植树”组织，通过植树和演讲呼吁人们合作保护地球。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“One natural disaster after another had got Brazil into trouble. There had been a huge mudslide (泥石流) in the country’s southeast, then a mysterious oil spill along the northeastern coast, and finally fires in the Amazon rainforest.(接连不断的自然灾害让巴西陷入了困境。先是该国东南部发生了严重的泥石流，接着东北部沿海地区出现了神秘的石油泄漏事件，最后亚马逊雨林又发生了火灾)”以及第二段“That was when Kauã Rodolfo, 11, decided it was time to help.(就在那时，11岁的Kauã Rodolfo决定要行动起来帮忙了)”可知，作者在第一段中提及自然灾害是为了以此为背景来解释Kauã的行为。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Created in 2007 by a 9-year-old German named Felix Finkbeiner, it is an international awareness campaign led by children that began with a great goal: plant 1 million trees. But soon, what began as the one tree Felix planted at his school turned into several thousands, then several hundreds of thousands, then, within a few years, 1 million.(这项活动于2007年由一位名叫菲利克斯·芬克贝林的9岁德国少年发起，它是一项由儿童主导的国际性宣传活动，最初的目标是种植100万棵树。但很快，菲利克斯在学校种下的那棵树逐渐发展成了数千棵、数百万棵，再后来，在短短几年内就达到了100万棵)”可知，“为地球植树”项目已经实现了最初的目标。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The planet will find a way if people can learn to work together, he said. It is an idea he is trying to instill (逐渐灌输) by giving regular environmental speeches and planting trees.(他说，只要人们能够学会相互协作，地球终将找到解决之道。他正通过定期发表环保演讲以及植树活动来努力传播这一理念)”可知，Kauã的演讲旨在鼓励大家共同保护环境。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段“One natural disaster after another had got Brazil into trouble. There had been a huge mudslide (泥石流) in the country’s southeast, then a mysterious oil spill along the northeastern coast, and finally fires in the Amazon rainforest.(接连不断的自然灾害让巴西陷入了困境。先是该国东南部发生了严重的泥石流，接着东北部沿海地区出现了神秘的石油泄漏事件，最后亚马逊雨林又发生了火灾)”；第二段“That was when Kauã Rodolfo, 11, decided it was time to help.(就在那时，11岁的Kauã Rodolfo决定要行动起来帮忙了)”以及倒数第三段““I’m not scared of the future of the planet, because I’m going to help the planet,” he said. “I’m going to do this. I’m going to go forward with this project. You don’t have to be scared.”(“我对地球的未来并不感到担忧，因为我打算为地球做些事情，”他说道。“我会去做的。我会推进这个项目。你们不必感到害怕。”)”可知，Kauã因看到自然灾害而主动植树、宣传环保，体现“有责任感（responsible）”；他坚持行动且表示“不会害怕，会继续推进项目”，体现“有决心（determined）”，故选C。 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延边·期末）As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me; but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?” This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 13．As a six-year-old, what made Ryan surprised? A．The distance of the drinking fountain from him. B．What his teacher said about people in developing African countries. C．The steps to the drinking fountain. D．His easy life compared with children in developing African counties. 14．How did Ryan first plan to earn money for building a well? A．By asking classmates and neighbours for help. B．By setting up a foundation to raise money. C．By cleaning windows and doing gardening for family and neighbours. D．By telling his story publicly. 15．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Ryan’s new plan in Canada. B．Ryan’s experience of visiting Africa. C．How people in Africa use the wells. D．The development of Ryan’s foundation and its influence. 16．Which of the following can best describe Ryan’s personalities? A．Kind and determined. B．Brave and humorous. C．Generous but shy. D．Selfish but creative. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述六岁的Ryan得知非洲缺水后筹款建井并成立基金会，帮助非洲多国民众获得洁净水源，传递爱心与坚持的事迹。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.(作为一名六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安难以相信老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人们无法获得足够的干净水源。)”可知，老师关于非洲发展中国家人民的话让Ryan感到惊讶。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours.(起初，他的计划是赚钱在非洲某处建一口井。他为家人和邻居擦窗户，做园艺。)”可知，Ryan最初通过为家人邻居擦窗户、做园艺来赚钱。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.(后来，Ryan的经历促使他创立了一个基金会，鼓励更多人伸出援手。许多备受鼓舞的人给予了他支持。他的基金会不断吸引越来越多人的帮助，使得修建更多水井的工作得以继续。如今，非洲16个国家已有超80万人因洁净安全的饮用水这一改变人生的馈赠而受益。)”可知，本段主要讲述瑞安基金会的发展及其影响。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据第二段“Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.(两千美元是一大笔钱，但Ryan没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝上干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。)”以及他主动为非洲儿童筹款打井的行为可知，Ryan善良且有决心。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东潍坊·期末）On a bright July day in the Nangili, Kenya, the kids from the village gathered at Blessed Children's Home, a shelter for 11 orphans, to kick around a soccer ball made from waste plastic bags tied tightly together with  rope. Blessed Children’s Home has no running water, television or social media. They live on a diet mostly consisting of rice and vegetables. For drinking water, they use collected rainwater and water drawn from a hand-dug unfiltered well. The living conditions were tough for my 15-year-old brother Caleb and me to get used to, but we quickly came to understand that these kids in Nangili have something that many American kids lack. They have friendships resulting from the sufferings they have experienced together, and they have learned to enjoy the simple things in life. Caleb and I are runners on the Farmingdale High School cross-country track team, and we went to Kenya to train at the High Altitude Training Centre in Iten. The training we received from Kenya’s world-class runners was excellent, but our most memorable experiences in Kenya were with the orphans at Blessed Children’s Home. When we arrived there, the children welcomed us warmly. Although Nangili is a very poor village with few resources, its children find joy in playing card games and soccer. We spent many hours a day with them, laughing, running, competing, and playing. Although I missed Farmingdale when I was in Kenya, I gained a new appreciation for all the things we have here. Now I will try to live a life that is more thankful and more focused on people than on things. I want to study business in college so I can help set up social enterprises in Africa that would give opportunities to kids like the orphans I met. They have taught me more than I ever imagined. I realize now that I can learn the deepest life lessons from people with whom I might have thought I had little in common. I look forward to returning to Nangili to play with them again. 17．What does Blessed Children’s Home do? A．It helps poor children survive. B．It shares children’s stories in Kenya. C．It fights for children’s rights in Kenya. D．It takes care of children who don’t have parents. 18．What can we learn about the kids in Nangili from paragraph 2? A．They are on a diet. B．They lead a simple but happy life. C．They have friendships with American kids. D．They are unable to adapt to the living conditions. 19．Why did Caleb and the author go to Kenya? A．To receive training. B．To do sightseeing. C．To study Kenya’s history. D．To teach in a children’s home. 20．What does the author mainly want to tell us? A．Children like playing card games and soccer. B．Nangili is a very poor village with few resources. C．We should be grateful for what we have and the people around us. D．It is wise to make friends with people having little in common with us. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者和哥哥在肯尼亚训练期间，与Blessed儿童之家的孤儿相处的经历，以及这段经历带给作者的感悟。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Blessed Children's Home, a shelter for 11 orphans ( Blessed儿童之家是一个收容11名孤儿的庇护所)”可知，儿童之家的作用是照顾没有父母的孩子。故选D项。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The living conditions were tough for my 15-year-old brother Caleb and me to get used to, but we quickly came to understand that these kids in Nangili have something that many American kids lack. They have friendships resulting from the sufferings they have experienced together, and they have learned to enjoy the simple things in life. (对我和 15 岁的弟弟迦勒来说，这里的生活条件很难适应，但我们很快就明白， Nangili 的这些孩子拥有许多美国孩子所缺乏的东西。他们有着因共同经历苦难而缔结的友谊，也学会了享受生活中那些简单的美好。）以及第四段中的“Although Nangili is a very poor village with few resources, its children find joy in playing card games and soccer. (尽管Nangili是个资源匮乏的贫困村庄，但这里的孩子能从玩纸牌和足球中找到快乐。）可知，Nangili的孩子过着简单却快乐的生活。故选B项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Caleb and I are runners on the Farmingdale High School cross-country track team, and we went to Kenya to train at the High Altitude Training Centre in Iten. (我和迦勒都是法明代尔高中越野田径队的跑步运动员，我们此次前往肯尼亚，是为了在伊滕的高海拔训练中心接受训练。)”可知，两人去肯尼亚的目的是接受训练。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although I missed Farmingdale when I was in Kenya, I gained a new appreciation for all the things we have here. Now I will try to live a life that is more thankful and more focused on people than on things. (虽然在肯尼亚期间我很想念法明代尔，但我对家乡所拥有的一切有了全新的珍视。如今，我会努力去过一种更懂得感恩的生活，更专注于人本身，而非物质事物。)”可知，作者通过这段经历，核心想传达的是“我们应感激所拥有的一切以及身边的人”。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期末）On a cool September evening, I found myself seated around a worn wooden table at a Dungan family’s home in Kyrgyzstan, surrounded by travelers from Spain, Canada, and Russia. The table was set with slices of watermelon as well as cucumber and tomato salads. Our hostess Mrs.Zhang then served us a bamboo basket of steaming jin momo — soft buns similar to Chinese baozi — while explaining how her ancestors had brought wheat growing techniques from northwestern China during the late 19th century. Soon the table was filled with dishes telling silent stories: cucumber salads carrying Gansu flavors and lagman noodles mixing Central Asian vegetables with Shaanxi hand-pulling techniques. As people drank tea and talked in different languages. I gradually understood this gathering was more than a meal. The Spanish architect beside me was amazed at how food could preserve cultural codes across centuries and borders. The Canadian teacher noted that Mrs. Zhang’s kitchen — where Chinese chopping knives met Kyrgyz clay pots — mirrored today’s globalized world. The scene reminds me of Lisa Kyung Gross’ research in New York. Her documentation of immigrant chefs shows food’s double magic: Spanish bakers reinvent date cookies by dipping them in Belgian chocolate, adding new charm and flavors to traditional food. As Gross poetically notes, every bite contains layers of history, yet remains open to new understandings. Perhaps this food magic explains why UNESCO lists 38 food traditions as Intangible Cultural Heritage From Japanese seasonal philosophy to Italian pizza-making skills, these living traditions show how cooking practices maintain identities while encouraging dialogues. That night in Dungan House, the Russian software engineer’s laughter as he struggled with chopsticks perfectly conveyed the message — cultural exchange isn’t about perfection, but shared humanity. 21．What does Mr. Zhang’s explanation of jin momo show? A．The mixture of cooking styles. B．The spread of Chinese farming skills. C．The friendship between two countries. D．The development of traditional Chinese cuisine. 22．Which is the focus of Lisa Kyung Gross research? A．Heritage protection. B．Home-based recipe. C．Cultural shock. D．Immigrant adaptation. 23．What can we learn from the Russian engineer’s experience? A．Laughter helps to overcome cultural shock. B．Communication matters more than correct use. C．Traditional table manners carry humanity code. D．Cultural exchange requires perfect understanding. 24．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．Ta explain how UNESCO protects cultural heritage. B．To discuss food as a bridge between different cultures. C．To describe the cooking techniques of Dungan families. D．To compare different food traditions in Asia and Europe 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．B 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过作者在吉尔吉斯斯坦东干族家庭聚餐的经历，以及引用Lisa Kyung Gross的研究和联合国教科文组织对饮食传统的保护，阐述了食物在不同文化交流中的桥梁作用。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Our hostess Mrs.Zhang then served us a bamboo basket of steaming jin momo — soft buns similar to Chinese baozi — while explaining how her ancestors had brought wheat growing techniques from northwesten China during the late 19th century. (接着，我们的女主人张太太给我们端上了一竹篮热气腾腾的“金馍馍”（一种类似中国包子的松软馒头），同时讲述她的祖先在19世纪晚期如何从中国西北引进小麦种植技术。)”可知，张女士解释了她的祖先在19世纪后期从中国西北带来了小麦种植技术，这体现了中国农耕技术的传播。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The scene reminds me of Lisa Kyung Gross’ research in New York. Her documentation of immigrant chefs shows food’s double magic: Spanish bakers reinvent date cookies by dipping them in Belgian chocolate, adding new charm and flavors to traditional food. (这一场景让我想起了Lisa Kyung Gross在纽约的研究。她对移民厨师的记录展现了食物的双重魅力：西班牙面包师将椰枣饼干蘸上比利时巧克力，对其进行了重新演绎，为传统食物增添了新的魅力和风味。)”可知，Lisa Kyung Gross的研究聚焦于移民厨师如何通过食物进行文化适应和创新，体现了移民适应的主题。故选D项。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That night in Dungan House, the Russian software engineer’s laughter as he struggled with chopsticks perfectly conveyed the message — cultural exchange isn’t about perfection, but shared humanity. (当晚在东干人家，那位俄罗斯软件工程师费劲地摆弄着筷子，他的笑声完美地传达出一个信息：文化交流无关完美，而在于共通的人性。)”可知，俄罗斯工程师用筷子的经历表明，文化交流不在于完美，而在于共同的人性，即交流本身比正确使用（餐具等）更重要。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“From Japanese seasonal philosophy to Italian pizza-making skills, these living traditions show how cooking practices maintain identities while encouraging dialogues. (从日本的季节哲学到意大利的披萨制作技艺，这些鲜活的传统展示了烹饪实践如何在促进交流的同时保持其独特性。)”可知，文章讲述了作者在东干族家庭的聚餐经历、Lisa Kyung Gross的研究以及联合国教科文组织对饮食传统的保护，其目的是为了阐述了食物在不同文化交流中的桥梁作用。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延边·期末）As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. It was very close — only ten steps away. So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day? And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?” Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me; but hard for those people. Why don’t I help?” At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours. He soon reached his first target of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2,000 to build a well. Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money. At the same time, a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water. They were grateful to him and invited him to visit. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. But that was not all. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. They sang and danced happily. Some even offered him food and gifts. At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him. He really had made a difference for these children. He broke into a joyful smile. Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water. Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help?”, but “How can I help today?” This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. 13．As a six-year-old, what made Ryan surprised? A．The distance of the drinking fountain from him. B．What his teacher said about people in developing African countries. C．The steps to the drinking fountain. D．His easy life compared with children in developing African counties. 14．How did Ryan first plan to earn money for building a well? A．By asking classmates and neighbours for help. B．By setting up a foundation to raise money. C．By cleaning windows and doing gardening for family and neighbours. D．By telling his story publicly. 15．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Ryan’s new plan in Canada. B．Ryan’s experience of visiting Africa. C．How people in Africa use the wells. D．The development of Ryan’s foundation and its influence. 16．Which of the following can best describe Ryan’s personalities? A．Kind and determined. B．Brave and humorous. C．Generous but shy. D．Selfish but creative. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述六岁的Ryan得知非洲缺水后筹款建井并成立基金会，帮助非洲多国民众获得洁净水源，传递爱心与坚持的事迹。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.(作为一名六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安难以相信老师所说的话——许多非洲发展中国家的人们无法获得足够的干净水源。)”可知，老师关于非洲发展中国家人民的话让Ryan感到惊讶。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours.(起初，他的计划是赚钱在非洲某处建一口井。他为家人和邻居擦窗户，做园艺。)”可知，Ryan最初通过为家人邻居擦窗户、做园艺来赚钱。故选C项。 15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Later, Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many inspired people gave him their support. Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.(后来，Ryan的经历促使他创立了一个基金会，鼓励更多人伸出援手。许多备受鼓舞的人给予了他支持。他的基金会不断吸引越来越多人的帮助，使得修建更多水井的工作得以继续。如今，非洲16个国家已有超80万人因洁净安全的饮用水这一改变人生的馈赠而受益。)”可知，本段主要讲述瑞安基金会的发展及其影响。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据第二段“Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t give up. He was determined to help other children have clean water. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.(两千美元是一大笔钱，但Ryan没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝上干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。)”以及他主动为非洲儿童筹款打井的行为可知，Ryan善良且有决心。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末）Most people can point to an experience in their lives where personal relationships have caused them emotional harm. However, does building better relationships with others have to involve the risk of getting hurt? One popular theory is the hedgehog’s dilemma, also called the porcupine’s dilemma. It has its roots in the thinking of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who proposed that, even with the best of intentions, humans harm each other when they attempt to have intimate and friendly relationships. It goes like this. One cold winter night, a group of porcupines gathered to keep warm, but they hurt each other with their quills, forcing them to move apart. When feeling cold, they moved closer, only to be hurt again. Repeatedly, they eventually found the ideal distance. So the theory ends with the advice: Keep your distance. However, keeping distance is not enough. If you’ve been hurt before, it might be that your quills are up, and you’ve fallen into defence(防御) mode. Hilary, a psychologist, points to some examples of common defence mode such as going blank and regarding the present reaction as criticism. Most of these defensive reactions originate from early experiences of hurt. “In treatments, if people can be helped to recognize the defences by tracking back through the personal experiences, they can be encouraged to be understanding. Then they, have a chance to change and not just repeat old behaviors,” Hilary suggests. “Defences need to be respected and not knocked down in one step. Removing one brick at a time from the wall is very important.” Unlike hedgehogs, humans don’t come with the quills built in. So, when we learn to lower our defences for safe, loving people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all. 17．Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph? A．To give examples. B．To lead to a story. C．To inspire reflection. D．To express concern. 18．What does the underlined word “intimate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Permanent. B．Detailed. C．Independent. D．Close. 19．What does Hilary advise people to do when bringing down defences? A．Address problems with patience. B．Avoid discussing past experiences. C．Immediately remove self-protection. D．Accept the behaviour without changing 20．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．Psychology Today. B．Wildlife Focus. C．Technology Review. D．Runner’s World. 【答案】17．C 18．D 19．A 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍刺猬困境理论及人类在人际关系中如何放下防御。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most people can point to an experience in their lives where personal relationships have caused them emotional harm. However, does building better relationships with others have to involve the risk of getting hurt?(大多数人都能举出生活中人际关系给他们带来情感伤害的经历。然而，建立更好的人际关系就一定要冒受伤的风险吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引发读者思考。故选C项。 18．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“One popular theory is the hedgehog’s dilemma, also called the porcupine’s dilemma. It has its roots in the thinking of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who proposed that, even with the best of intentions, humans harm each other when they attempt to have intimate and friendly relationships.(一个流行的理论是刺猬困境，也被称为豪猪困境。它源于德国哲学家亚瑟·叔本华的思想，他提出，即使出于最好的意图，当人类试图建立intimate友好的关系时，也会彼此伤害。)”可知，“intimate”与“friendly”并列，结合语境，应表示“亲密的”，与“Close”意思相近。故选D项。 19．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Defences need to be respected and not knocked down in one step. Removing one brick at a time from the wall is very important.(防御需要被尊重，不能一步就被打破。一次从墙上拆下一块砖是非常重要的。)”可知，希拉里建议人们在放下防御时要有耐心，循序渐进地解决问题。故选A项。 20．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hilary, a psychologist, points to some examples of common defence mode such as going blank and regarding the present reaction as criticism.(心理学家希拉里指出了一些常见的防御模式，比如大脑一片空白，把当前的反应视为批评。)”以及全文围绕人际关系中的情感伤害、防御机制等内容可知，本文最可能来自《今日心理学》。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）In the remote town of Yangla, nestled over 3,000 meters above sea level in the mountains of Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Yunnan province, 32-year-old doctor Nasheng is dedicated to providing healthcare to more than 5,400 villagers. Nasheng graduated in Tibetan medicine from Qinghai University. Her passion for the field was ignited not only by a childhood fascination with traditional healing but also by the healthcare challenges faced by her fellow villagers. “I saw how difficult it was for my family to access medical treatment in inland areas — long journeys, language barriers, and cultural differences made it even harder,” she said, noting that many elderly villagers speak only Tibetan. This motivated her to study Tibetan medicine and return to serve her hometown. When she arrived at the Yangla town health center in September 2021, she was struck by the isolation of the area. Although her hometown of Yunling is in the same county, getting to Yangla takes a grueling seven-to-eight-hour drive. As a young doctor at the health center, Nasheng has gained invaluable hands-on experience with each patient she treats. She clearly remembers her first patient — an elderly man with severely deformed joints-for whom she performed her first joint injection under her mentor’s guidance. “That moment made me realize just how much I still needed to learn in order to truly help people,” she said. During her time in Yangla, Nasheng has built a strong connection with the locals. One moment that stood out was when an 80-year-old villager gave her some loquats as a gift. “Fruit is scarce here — I’ve only ever seen apples and walnuts,” Nasheng said. “She had picked them from a town at a lower altitude, knowing we rarely get a break or the chance to buy things from outside.” Looking ahead, she hopes to continue her studies. “But no matter what, I’ll always come back — this is my home.” 21．What motivated Nasheng to serve her hometown? A．The isolation of angla. B．Her passion for traditional healing. C．Yangla’s similar situation with Yuling. D．Her family’s medical treatment experience. 22．Why is loquat mentioned in paragraph 6? A．To show the warmth of the villager. B．To imply how valuable it is as a gift. C．To reflect how scarce Fruit is in Yangla. D．To prove Nasheng’s bonds with the locals. 23．Which of the following can best describe Nasheng? A．Devoted and selfless. B．Brave and responsible. C．Confident and persistent. D．Traditional and optimistic. 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．The healthcare condition is poor in Yangla. B．Medical treatment is in urgent need in Yangla. C．Young doctor brings hope to isolated villagers. D．Young doctor devotes herself to medical treatment. 【答案】21．D 22．D 23．A 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了乡村医生纳生在大学毕业后回到家乡偏远的阳拉村为就医困难的村民们带来医疗服务的故事。 21．细节理解题。根据第三段中““I saw how difficult it was for my family to access medical treatment in inland areas — long journeys, language barriers, and cultural differences made it even harder,” she said, noting that many elderly villagers speak only Tibetan. This motivated her to study Tibetan medicine and return to serve her hometown.(“我看到我的家人在内陆地区就医有多么困难——长途旅行、语言障碍和文化差异让就医变得更加困难，”她说，并指出许多老年村民只说藏语。这促使她学习藏医并回到家乡服务)”可知，Nasheng为家乡服务的动机是她家人的就医经历。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据第六段中“One moment that stood out was when an 80-year- old villager gave her some loquats as a gift. “Fruit is scarce here — I’ve only ever seen apples and walnuts,” Nasheng said. “She had picked them from a town at a lower altitude, knowing we rarely get a break or the chance to buy things from outside.”(一个令人难忘的时刻是一位80岁的村民送给她一些枇杷作为礼物。“这里的水果很少见——我只见过苹果和核桃，”Nasheng说。“她是从海拔较低的一个镇上摘的，知道我们很少有机会休息或从外面买东西。”)”可推知，提到枇杷是为了展示村民的温暖。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第一段中“32-year-old doctor Nasheng is dedicated to providing healthcare to more than 5,400 villagers.(32岁的医生Nasheng致力于为5400多名村民提供医疗服务)”以及最后一段中“Looking ahead, she hopes to continue her studies. “But no matter what, I'll always come back- this is my home.”(展望未来，她希望继续学习。“但无论如何，我都会回来的——这是我的家。”)”可推知，Nasheng是一个无私奉献的人。故选A。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“32- year-old doctor Nasheng is dedicated to providing healthcare to more than 5,400 villagers.(32岁的医生Nasheng致力于为5400多名村民提供医疗服务)”结合文章主要讲述了一位年轻的医生Nasheng致力于为偏远山区的村民提供医疗服务的故事。可知，C选项“年轻医生给偏僻的村民带来希望”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 主题03 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·山东威海·期末）In a world where tree-dwelling animals (树栖动物) must brave traffic every day just to find lunch, a Brazilian biologist called Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help — by building special rope bridges that let animals stay in the trees and avoid the dangers below. The idea came to Abra years ago when she spotted a Groves’ titi monkey — a species close to extinction — sitting dangerously close to a road. “It was totally left unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That moment set off a mission to protect Brazil’s wildlife, which loses about 475million wild animals yearly to car accidents. Partnering with the native people. Abra started the Reconecta Project. Together, they’ve built over 30 canopy (树冠) bridges along a long highway through the Amazon. These overpasses aren’t just simple rope-and-wood structures. Each bridge is a high-tech design, equipped with cameras to monitor animals crossing. The videos show which species are frequent crossers, and which ones still avoid the bridges. The data helps improve designs, turning unwilling animals into regular crossers. But the bridges do more than protect animals from being killed on the road. By reconnecting once-separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food, and even meet partners. For species that live alone, this could mean more chances to survive and grow their populations. Abra’s work couldn’t be timelier. The fast growth of road construction in Brazil is hurting the natural homes of animals. Yet her team isn’t just building bridges — they’re adding speed bumps (减速带) on roads and posting animal-crossing signs to remind drivers they’ re sharing the roads. The project’s success has even caught global attention, mirroring efforts like California’s mountain lion-friendly freeway overpass. Now, Reconecta is branching out. Abra is bringing together government departments, nonprofits, and universities to weave more green threads across Brazil’s road network. “Brazil has an amazing biodiversity (生物多样性),” she said. “I will do everything that I can to protect this rich biodiversity.” 13．What was the direct reason for Abra to start Reconecta? A．Desiring to partner with natives. B．Knowing the yearly animal death rate. C．Noticing animals endangered by traffic. D．Worrying about the loss of Amazon rainforest. 14．What are the cameras on the canopy bridges used to do? A．Help animals to find food. B．Monitor species populations. C．Scare off enemies for monkeys. D．Record crossings for better designs. 15．Why is California’s freeway overpass mentioned? A．To point out timely actions are needed. B．To introduce a new method for animal protection. C．To show the Reconecta Project is getting global attention. D．To stress shared challenges in road construction worldwide. 16．What is the passage mainly about? A．The lifelines built in the treetops for wildlife. B．The value of protecting Amazon’s biodiversity. C．The need for combined efforts to protect wildlife. D．The risks caused by Brazil’s highway development. 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．C 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了巴西生物学家Fernanda Abra发起并推进的“Reconecta项目”，该项目通过建造特殊的绳索桥来帮助树栖动物避开地面交通的危险，保护巴西的野生动物。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The idea came to Abra years ago when she spotted a Groves’ titi monkey — a species close to extinction — sitting dangerously close to a road. “It was totally left unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That moment set off a mission to protect Brazil’s wildlife, which loses about 475million wild animals yearly to car accidents. Partnering with the native people. Abra started the Reconecta Project. (几年前，Abra看到一只格罗夫斯狨猴（一种濒临灭绝的物种）坐在离公路很近的危险地方，这个想法便在她心中萌生了。“它完全暴露在车流威胁之下，毫无保护，”她回忆道。那一刻，她开启了一项保护巴西野生动物的使命——巴西每年约有4.75亿只野生动物死于车祸。Abra与当地人合作，启动了“Reconecta计划”。)”可知，Abra启动 Reconecta 项目的直接原因是她亲眼目睹了一只濒临灭绝的猴子处于车流威胁中，即注意到动物受到交通威胁。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Each bridge is a high-tech design, equipped with cameras to monitor animals crossing. The videos show which species are frequent crossers, and which ones still avoid the bridges. The data helps improve designs, turning unwilling animals into regular crossers. (每座桥都是高科技设计，配备了摄像头来监测过路的动物。视频会显示哪些物种经常使用天桥，哪些仍然对天桥避而远之。这些数据有助于改进桥的设计，让不愿使用天桥的动物也变成常客。)”可知，树冠桥上的摄像头用于监测动物的通行情况（记录哪些物种常使用、哪些避开），收集的数据能帮助改进桥梁设计。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The project’s success has even caught global attention, mirroring efforts like California’s mountain lion-friendly freeway overpass. (该项目的成功甚至引起了全球关注，与美国加利福尼亚州为美洲狮打造的友好型高速公路天桥等举措遥相呼应。)”可知，文中提到加利福尼亚州的高速公路天桥，是为了举例说明 Reconecta 项目的成功引起了全球关注，与其他地区的动物保护举措形成呼应。故选C。 16．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕巴西生物学家 Fernanda Abra 发起的 Reconecta 项目展开，核心是为树栖动物建造树冠桥，帮助它们避开交通危险、重新连接栖息地，同时介绍了桥梁的设计、作用及项目的影响。选项A“The lifelines built in the treetops for wildlife. (为野生动物在树顶搭建的生命线。)”准确概括了文章核心——树冠桥作为保护动物的关键设施，符合主旨。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末）The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence. Local climate can also be affected by other human factors and natural variability. Carbon dioxide has been building up in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial era in the mid-1700s, primarily due to burning coal, oil, and gas, and secondarily due to clearing of forests. Atmospheric levels have increased by about 40% relative to pre-industrial levels. Methane levels in the atmosphere have increased due to human activities including agriculture, mining coal, extraction (抽取) and transport of natural gas, and other fossil fuel-related activities. Since pre-industrial times, methane levels have increased by 250%. The conclusion that human influences are the primary driver of recent climate change is based on multiple lines of independent evidence. The first line of evidence is our fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in these gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate. The second line of evidence is from reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals. These show that global surface temperatures over the last several decades are clearly unusual, with the last decade warmer than any time in at least the last 1,300 years and perhaps much longer. The third line of evidence comes from using climate models to simulate (模拟) the climate of the past century, separating the human and natural factors that influence climate. When the human factors are removed, these models show that solar and volcanic activities would have tended to slightly cool the earth, and other natural variations are too small to explain the amount of warming. Only when the human influences are included do the models reproduce the warming observed over the past 50 years. 17．What do carbon dioxide and methane have in common according to this text? A．They smell bad. B．They can trap heat. C．They belong to fuels. D．They are from the same source. 18．How does the author illustrate the evidence of human influences on climate change? A．By listing. B．By showing data. C．By comparing. D．By giving examples. 19．What can be inferred about climate change from the last paragraph? A．Natural factors have a greater impact on climate change. B．Solar and volcanic activities tend to make the earth warm. C．Human influences have played an important part in it. D．The climate models can work well with human factors removed. 20．What does this text mainly talk about? A．The restoration of a cool climate. B．Human impact on climate and its evidence. C．The climate in the pre-industrial times. D．Measures to control carbon emissions. 【答案】17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动是影响气候变暖的主要因素以及这一理论的依据。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence.(人类影响气候的排放包括二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等吸热气体，以及黑碳等具有变暖影响的颗粒。)”可知，这两种气体都是温室气体, 都能吸收热量。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The first line of evidence is our fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in these gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate.(第一个证据是我们对某些气体如何捕获热量，气候系统如何对这些气体的增加作出反应，以及其他人为和自然因素如何影响气候的基本理解。)”、第五段中“The second line of evidence is from reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals.(第二种证据是利用树木年轮、冰芯和珊瑚等证据重建过去的气候。)”至第六段中“The third line of evidence comes from using climate models to simulate (模拟) the climate of the past century, separating the human and natural factors that influence climate. (第三条证据来自使用气候模型来模拟过去一个世纪的气候，将影响气候的人为因素和自然因素分开。)”可知，文章通过列举法来证明了人类影响气候变化这个结论的。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Only when the human influences are included do the models reproduce the warming observed over the past 50 years.(只有将人类的影响考虑在内，这些模式才能重现过去50年观测到的变暖。)”可知，在过去的50年当中由于人类的原因，气候急剧变暖。由此推知，人类影响在气候变化中起到重要的作用。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence. Local climate can also be affected by other human factors and natural variability.(人类影响气候的排放包括二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等吸热气体，以及黑碳等具有变暖影响的颗粒。当地气候也会受到其他人为因素和自然变率的影响。)”及全文可知，文章主要论述了人类活动是影响气候变暖的主要因素以及这一理论的依据。而人类活动主要是工业化以来，人类对化石燃料的使用产生了大量的排放。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·安徽合肥·期末）Air pollution remains a global health crisis, responsible for 4.7 million early deaths worldwide in 2021 — about the same as road-traffic accidents, malaria and suicides combined. While road traffic significantly contributes to this problem, the shift to electric vehicles (EVs) presents both promise and challenges that deserve careful examination. Unlike traditional cars, EVs produce no direct exhaust emissions (尾气排放), making them crucial for urban air quality improvement. However, they still produce considerable non-exhaust pollutants from brake, tire and road wear (磨损). These micro particles (颗粒), particularly those smaller than 2.5 microns, pose serious health risks by getting into the lungs and other organs via the bloodstream, potentially causing heart or lung disease, stroke, and cancer. One 2021 study by researchers at the University of Southampton found some brake-pad dust seems more damaging to lung cells, partly due to higher levels of copper, which can damage cells and DNA．Scientists estimate that EVs produce more of these non-exhaust particles than other cars because their batteries make them heavier, the weight averaging 2,133 kg, compared to 1,500-1,800 kg for traditional vehicles, causing them to generate more friction (摩擦). Despite this, EVs are still mostly less polluting than other cars. They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down. Comparative studies show EVs emit about 14 mg/ km of fine particles versus 18 mg/ km for petrol when accounting for all sources. To maximize EV benefits, several strategies are significant. One way is to regulate non-exhaust emissions in a similar way to exhaust. Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed. Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants. 21．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To promote the use of EVs. B．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of EVs. C．To argue about car pollution. D．To compare two types of vehicle pollution. 22．How do regenerative braking systems in EVs reduce pollution? A．Stop using brakes completely B．Turn motion into battery power C．Prevent harmful particles D．Make the car lighter. 23．Which best explains “relocating” in Paragraph 4? A．reducing. B．shifting. C．hiding. D．measuring. 24．What can be inferred about oversized EVs? A．They may cause unnecessary pollution. B．They help regulate emissions. C．They are powered with renewable sources. D．They show technological progress. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．B 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕电动汽车与空气污染这一主题展开。阐述了电动汽车改善城市空气质量的潜力，也分析了面临的挑战。通过研究说明电动汽车非尾气颗粒物危害更大的原因，又通过对比研究肯定了电动汽车整体污染仍较低且具备环保优势。 21．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕电动汽车展开，既阐述了其优势（无直接尾气排放、总体污染少于传统汽车、再生制动系统减少污染等），也分析了其存在的问题（产生非尾气污染物、因重量大导致颗粒排放更多等），最后还提出了最大化电动汽车益处的策略。由此可知，文章主要讨论了电动汽车的优缺点。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They maintain an environmental advantage partly through regenerative braking systems where when the driver removes their foot from the pedal, the continued forward motion of the car is harvested to recharge the battery, thereby slowing the car down.(它们的环境优势部分源于再生制动系统：当司机松开踏板时，汽车持续的前进动力会被回收以给电池充电，从而使汽车减速。)”可知，电动汽车的再生制动系统在司机松开踏板时，会将汽车持续的前进动力回收以给电池充电，从而实现减速。这一过程减少了传统刹车的使用频率，进而减少了刹车磨损产生的污染物，其核心是将运动转化为电池电力。故选B。 23．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Plus, the electricity powering EVs must come from renewable sources to avoid simply relocating pollution to power plants.(此外，为电动汽车供电的电力必须来自可再生能源，以避免污染只是简单地……到发电厂。)”可知，若电动汽车的电力来自非可再生能源，污染就会从汽车转移到发电厂。划线单词意为“转移”，选项B“shifting”意为“转移”，与此相符。故选B。 24．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Encouraging people to consider smaller cars, though difficult, would be another, as bigger sizes often mean larger and heavier batteries and the extra range provided by largest batteries may never be needed.(鼓励人们考虑购买小型汽车——尽管这并非易事，因为车身越大，通常意味着电池越大、越重，而最大容量电池所提供的额外续航里程可能根本用不上。)”可知，大型电动汽车通常配备更大更重的电池，而其提供的额外续航可能根本用不上。结合前文提到电动汽车因重量大产生更多非尾气污染物，可推断大型电动汽车可能因不必要的重量和电池规模导致多余的污染。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $