Unit 3 The world of science 单元练习 2025-2026学年高中英语外研版必修第三册

**基本信息** 以“科学世界”为主题整合太空探索语篇，通过分层题型系统培养语言理解、逻辑推理及语法应用能力，融合科技文化意识与思维品质提升。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|3题+4猜词|细节题定位原文信息|以火星营地活动为载体，训练信息提取与词汇语境理解| |阅读理解B|4题+5猜词|推理题依原文推断，主旨题抓开篇主题句|围绕月球水分布展开，培养科学文本分析与归纳能力| |七选五|5题+4猜词|段落衔接逻辑（因果/解释）|以火星探索挑战为线索，提升语篇结构与逻辑思维| |语法填空|10空+3猜词|语法规则（定语从句/非谓语等）应用|梳理太空探索史，强化语法知识在科技语境中的运用|

Unit 3　The world of science Ⅰ.阅读理解 A CAMP KSC INTERNATIONAL 5-DAY PROGRAM In the 5-day version of Camp KSC International,campers are encouraged to pursue science,technology,engineering,and math(STEM) through exciting learning adventures that cannot be found anywhere else.In the 5-day program,students will complete a variety of challenges appropriate to their grade level.Educational fun and enriching space-related activities ensure campers have an unforgettable experience. Camp Activities Train as the next generation of space explorers in the Astronaut Training Experience Center.Land,walk,and drive on Mars through virtual and motion simulation(模拟),and conduct a spacewalk in a microgravity experience. Live and work on Mars for a day in Mars Base 1.Work together to solve base operations emergencies,program robots to maximize solar energy,and sustain life in the Botany Lab. Tour exhibits and attractions throughout Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex and encounter everyday challenges of astronauts and engineers through hands-on activities and experiments. Work in teams to follow the Engineering Design Process(ask,imagine,plan,create,test,revise) to solve a variety of engineering challenges. Camp Information Fees:$700.A 30% non-refundable prepayment will be collected at the time of booking your Camp KSC International reservation. Available to students ages 10-17 in groups of 24 or more.A minimum of 24 participants is required to run the program. Programs run from 9:00 a.m.-3:30 p.m.with lunch and snacks provided daily. Each participant must be able to read,understand,and follow English directions. For more information,please email us. 1.What can participants do at the camp? A.Explore Mars virtually. B.Build their own Mars Base. C.Visit Engineering Design exhibitions. D.Interact face-to-face with astronauts. 2.How much can a student who withdraws from the camp be refunded at most? A.$210.　　　　　　　B.$300. C.$490. D.$700. 3.What is required of the camp participants? A.Bringing their own lunch. B.Being at least 17 years old. C.Having basic fluency in English. D.Joining a group of up to 24 campers. 【语境猜词】 ①microgravity 　_______________________ ②program(熟义:n.项目;课程;程序) 生义(文义):v. _______________________ ③hands-on _______________________ ④non-refundable _______________________ B The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.And for the first time,the presence of water on the moon’s sunlit surface has been confirmed,scientists reported.That’s good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel. More than 40,000 square kilometers of lunar surface have the capability to trap water in the form of ice,according to a team led by the University of Colorado’s Paul Hayne.That’s 20% more area than previous estimates,he said.These latest findings expand the possible landing spots for robots and astronauts. The presence of water in sunlit surfaces had been previously suggested,but not confirmed.The molecules(分子) are so far apart that they are in neither liquid nor solid form,said lead researcher Casey Honniball of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.And NASA’s astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it’s too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere’s sunlit Clavius Crater—would be accessible. As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon’s north and south poles,temperatures are so low that they could hold onto the water for millions or even billions of years.These so-called cold traps get down to minus 163 degrees Celsius. Using data from NASA,the researchers identified the size of cold traps and used computer models to get all the way down to micrometers in size.“Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit,despite being vastly more numerous,we can’t yet identify ice inside them,” Hayne said,“Once we’re on the surface,we will do that experiment.” Scientists believe all this water on the moon came from comets,asteroids(小行星),interplanetary dust,the solar wind or even lunar volcanic eruptions.They’ll have a better idea of the sources “if we can get down on the surface and analyze samples of the ice,” Hayne said. 4.What can be inferred from the text? A.Water is extremely crucial for space exploration. B.Researchers identified cold traps using computers. C.Scientists knew well the sources of water on the moon. D.Cold traps are found in and around the southern hemisphere. 5.What do we know from paragraphs 3 and 4? A.The presence of water hasn’t been confirmed. B.Shadowed areas are abundant in frozen water. C.Water can be easy to obtain on the moon soon. D.Water molecules on the moon are closely connected. 6.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to? A.Data. B.Sunlit surfaces. C.Cold traps. D.Computer models. 7.What is the main idea of the text? A.The sources of water on the moon. B.Water ice is widespread on the moon. C.Good news for astronauts at lunar bases. D.Moon holds more water than ever thought. 【语境猜词】 ①previously 　　　　_______________________ ②trap(熟义:n.陷阱) 生义(文义):v. _______________________ ③astrophysics _______________________ ④hemisphere _______________________ ⑤micrometer _______________________ Ⅱ.七选五 Over the last 60 years,many spacecraft have flown by,orbited and even landed on Mars.But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines.Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration.　8　 However,it is difficult to survive this adventure.  First,a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks.For one thing,floating in microgravity for long periods weakens bones and muscles.For another,it allows fluid to build up in the head.　9　 Luckily,artificial gravity machines could help.  Then there’s space radiation to worry about.The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from high-energy cosmic(宇宙的) rays.Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.　10　 This increases the risk of developing the diseases.Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.  　11　 Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth,scientists are dreaming up ways for astronauts to use materials on Mars.Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe.A device on NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.  Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe.　12　 Humans are filled with microbes(微生物).And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars.As a result,a key part of responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets.  A.Exploring space always comes with risks. B.It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts. C.They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do. D.On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure. E.That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars. F.This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications(并发症). G.Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges. 【语境猜词】 ①milestone 　　　　　_______________________ ②develop(熟义:v.发展) 生义(文义):v. _______________________ ③groundwork 　　　　　_______________________ ④infect(熟义:v.感染,传染) 生义(文义):v. _______________________ Ⅲ.语法填空 People have always had a dream of exploring outer space and with the help of scientists,their dream,13. was once considered to be impossible,is turning into reality. Scientists carried out many experiments and successfully made rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity.In 1961,Yuri Gagarin from the USSR became the first person 14.　　　　　　　　　　　　(send) into space and in 1969 Neil Armstrong from the US set foot on the moon,15.　　　　　　(say) “That’s one small step for a man,one giant leap for mankind.”  16.　　　　　　　　 the great achievements,sometimes accidents did happen,resulting in huge losses.17.,scientists are determined to further explore the universe.One ongoing project is the International Space Station orbiting Earth.  18.　　　　　　(compare) with the USSR and the US,China started later in its space program,but it has made huge progress.So far,several astronauts,including Yang Liwei,19.　　　　　　　　　(be) to space.China has also launched the Tiangong 2 space lab,20.　　　　　　(mark) a huge step in its effort to establish 21.　　　　　　 space station.  It 22.　　　　　　　　　(believe) that the future of space exploration is bright thanks to the efforts of the scientists all over the world.  【语境猜词】 ①escape(熟义:v.逃跑) 生义(文义):v.　　　　_______________________ ②orbit _______________________ ③exploration _______________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ. 1.A　细节理解题。根据Camp Activities部分中的“Land,walk,and drive on Mars through virtual and motion simulation,and conduct a spacewalk in a microgravity experience.”可知,参与者在营地可以通过虚拟技术探索火星,故选A项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据Camp Information部分中的“Fees:$700.A 30% non-refundable prepayment will be collected at the time of booking your Camp KSC International reservation.”可知,如果一名学生退出夏令营,最多能获得700×(1-30%)=490美元退款,故选C项。 3.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Each participant must be able to read,understand,and follow English directions.”可知,参加营地活动需要具备基本的英语口语能力,故选C项。 【语境猜词】 ①微重力　②给……编程　③动手的;亲身实践的　④不可退款的 【语篇解读】4.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“That’s good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel.”可知,航天员可以利用水资源来饮用和制造火箭燃料,所以水对于太空探索极为重要,故选A项。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon’s north and south poles”可知,月球的阴影区域富含冰冻水,故选B项。 6.C　代词指代题。根据第五段中的“Using data...‘Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit,despite being vastly more numerous,we can’t yet identify ice inside them,’”可知,“them”指代上文提到的“cold traps(冷阱)”,即现在还无法识别冷阱内部的冰,故选C项。 7.D　主旨大意题。文章开篇点明“The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.”,即月球上可能有更多的地方存在冰冻水,其储量也可能比以往认为的更丰富。接着围绕这一观点展开,介绍了月球日照面水的证实情况、阴影区域存水情况、冷阱研究以及水的可能来源等内容。所以文章核心强调的是月球上的水比以往认为的更多,故选D项。 【语境猜词】 ①先前地;以前地　②留住(气体、水或能量)　③天体物理学 ④半球　⑤微米级(单位) Ⅱ. 8.E　根据上文“But human explorers could work faster and be more flexible...Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone in space exploration.”可知,探索火星对人类而言意义重大,E项“这就是某些国家有兴趣将人类送往火星的原因。”能承接上文,是对上文的总结。 9.F　根据上文“For another,it allows fluid to build up in the head.”可知,长时间在微重力环境下会导致头部积液,本空应继续解释这种现象导致的健康后果,F项“这可能会导致眼睛压力增加,并导致视力并发症。”说明了头部积液可能导致的视力问题,能承接上文。 10.D　根据上文“Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.”可知,这里提到宇宙射线会增加健康风险,D项“在长途太空旅行中,航天员将面临长时间的暴露风险。”承接上文,继续谈论这种暴露对于航天员的影响。 11.G　设空处位于段首,是本段主题句,根据下文内容可知,下文具体解释了人类在火星生存将面临的具体挑战,包括建筑材料的获取和氧气需求量大。G项“在火星定居地建立和生存将面临诸多挑战。”概括了本段内容,能引出下文。 12.B　根据下文内容可知,人类体内充满了微生物。传播这些微生物可能会对寻找火星上的生命造成不利影响。B项“它还涉及保护火星免受航天员的伤害。”说明了除了保护航天员外,还需要保护火星不受航天员的影响。 【语境猜词】 ①里程碑　②患(病)　③基础工作;准备工作　④使受影响 Ⅲ. 13.which　考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是their dream,指物,故填which。 14.to be sent　考查不定式和被动语态。person前有序数词the first修饰,空格处用不定式作后置定语,人是被送入太空,故填to be sent。 15.saying　考查非谓语动词。set是谓语,设空处用非谓语动词,Neil Armstrong和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式作状语,故填saying。 16.Despite　考查介词。根据语境可知,句子前后语义存在转折关系,所填词与“the great achievements”构成介词短语,意为“尽管”,且设空处位于句首,故填Despite。 17.However/Nevertheless　考查副词。根据上下文语境可知,此处表转折,意为“然而”,有逗号隔开,且设空处位于句首,故填However/Nevertheless。 18.Compared　考查非谓语动词。started是谓语,设空处用非谓语动词,China和compare之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用过去分词作状语,句首首字母大写,故填Compared。 19.have been　考查时态和主谓一致。根据So far可知,句子时态是现在完成时。主语several astronauts是复数形式,故填have been。 20.marking　考查非谓语动词。谓语是has...launched,设空处用非谓语动词,前面描述的事情和mark之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式作状语,故填marking。 21.a　考查冠词。station是可数名词单数形式,表泛指,设空处用不定冠词,且space发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。 22.is believed　考查固定句型和时态。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,It is believed that...是固定句型,意为“人们相信”,故填is believed。 【语境猜词】 ①摆脱(地球引力)　②环绕……的轨道运行　③探索 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $