Unit 4 Natural Disasters B卷·素养提升卷-【创新教程】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册五维课堂单元双测卷（人教版）

英 新高考 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 语 同步单元双测卷 B卷·素养提升卷 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） sands of people to leave their home,of which 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） about 50 are still missing.The number of in- 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 jured people reached a level of 12,000,thus D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 making one of the worst earthquakes of the A human history. Northern Sumatra,Indonesia Sumatra,Indonesia Magnitude(震级)一8.6，Date一March Magnitude-9.1,Date-December 26,2004 28,2005 Having its name twice in the list,it is clear An earthquake happened at Sumatra Islands that Sumatra comes in the area that is most in the touristy month of March.Being an is- prone(易于…的)to earthquakes..Just3 land area,the earthquake gave rise to a tsuna- months before the earthquake of 8.6 magni- mi(海啸)wave and spread to areas as far as tude,this quake caused much more loss of life Sri Lanka.The number of deaths is about 1, and wealth than the later one!The earth- 500 with more than 400 people getting in- quake gave rise to a huge tsunami killing a- jured. bout 300 thousand people all around the Rat Islands,Alaska countries of South Africa and South Asia. Magnitude-8.7,Date-April 02,1965 1.The earthquake during which nobody was This earthquake only happened inside water injured happened in and all the losses were because of the tsunami A.2005 B.1965 waves caused by it.The quake gave rise to a C.2010 D.2004 huge tsunami causing a loss of thousands of 2.Which area is most likely to be hit by an 菌 dollars.The good news in this quake was that no human loss or injuries were reported in earthquake? these islands. A.Sumatra. B.Rat Islands. Bio Bio,Chile C.Bio Bio. D.South Asia Magnitude-8.8,Date-February 27,2010 3.Where did one of the worst earthquakes of This quake happened to take the lives of more the human history happen? than 500 people.The tsunami caused by this quake A.Rat Islands B.Bio Bio. added to the effects by forcing hundreds of thou- C.South Asia. D.Sumatra. UNIT4·B卷第1页（共8页） B The next day,in the morning,I tried to I grew up in Banda Aceh,the capital of convince(说服)my mother to go to my older Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh)in Indo- sister's house in Blang Bintang.We stayed in nesia.The moment that changed my life was my older sister's house for about one month on the Sunday morning of December 26, and a half.Gradually,life got back on track. 2004.At that time,I still lived in my parents' Although the pain of the tsunami remains,it house at Peurada,about three kilometers has made us more united.We now cherish( from the sea.Suddenly,a powerful earth- every moment and look forward to a quake shook us.Without hesitation,I caught brighter future with hope and determination. my cousin,while shouting to my sister to get 4.What was the author doing when the out of the house quickly.My mother was still earthquake occurred? in the garden.When the shaking stopped for a moment,I was able to get to her. A.He was sleeping in his room. After about thirty minutes,the earth- B.He was planting in the garden. quake stopped.All our neighbors and my C.He was staying in the house. family returned to our houses.Then my D.He was riding his motorcycle. mother suddenly asked my sister and me to 5.What did the author's mom ask him to do take all of the important documents and move after the earthquake? them into my room on the second floor.My A.Relocate the important documents. confusion about why my mother wanted us to B.Gather his neighbors at his home. do this was answered within thirty minutes. C.Store some necessary food. Hundreds of people were rushing by the D.Look for a big shelter. street in front of our house,shouting "The 6.What does the underlined part "like a cat water is rising!The water is rising!" on hot bricks"in Paragraph 3 mean? I got my motorcycle and asked my sister A.Quite lucky.B.Terribly angry. to take my mother and cousin to safety.I ran C.Very thankful.D.Highly nervous. as directly as possible to the place where my 7.What is the best title for the text? sister took my mother and cousin.We reached and gathered in a big shelter one kilometer A.The science behind earthquakes and tsu- away from the seawater.Every time the earth namis shook,the more fear people felt.No one got B.My experience in the 2004 tsunami enough sleep that night.Everyone was like a C.A sleepless night after a tsunami cat on hot bricks. D.The effort of community UNIT4·B卷第2页（共8页） C peratures rise,the number of species will de- Each winter,an army of ice fishermen crease greatly,Woolway says.Weather pat- move onto frozen(结冰的)lakes.After dig- terns also will change.That will lead to in- ging a hole through the ice,they all hope to creased rainfall in some regions and changes land a tasty dinner.But within just a decade, of local air temperatures in others,he adds. many dozens of northern lakes are no longer Gretchen Hansen is a fisheries ecologist. frozen all winter long.That number may She points out that each study is important in jump to thousands within 70 years. understanding how warming lakes are likely When lakes warm too much,things then to affect fish and other water creatures."We worsen in summer."At sea and on land,many should be working hard to protect lakes for species respond to warming environments by fish communities and drinking water,"she moving to cooler ones,says R.lestyn Wool- says.To achieve that,she argues,"We should way.He's a scientist.He says,"In lakes,the do everything we can to move towards a CO2- only place is deeper,cooler water.However, free economy within the next decade. deeper water is often oxygen-poor(缺氧).” 8.What will happen to northern lakes in the Soon,he worries,lakes may warm to a situa- near future? tion where there is nowhere for the fish A.They will be polluted by garbage. to go. B.They will become ice-free in winter. To find out when this is likely to hap- C.They will dry up due to climate change. pen,his team used a computer to model the D.They will be covered with thick ice and likely influences of summer heat on 702 lakes snow. throughout a 200-year span,starting from 1901.According to the model,the average( 9.Why is R.lestyn Woolway concerned about 均的)temperature of lake heatwaves(酷热 the warming of lakes? will increase about 3.7 to 5.4 degrees A.It may cause species to fight with each Celsius.And such lake heatwaves will last other. more than three months by 2099.In 1901,the B.It can lead to overfishing in northern average was only one week. lakes. That may make the water more comfort- C.It will change summer into a hotter sea- able for people to swim in,but many fish and son. other creatures won't like it.As water tem- D.It may make fish unable to survive. UNIT4·B卷第3页（共8页） 10.What does the author use the data to nected to the ground.The lightning is attrac- show in Paragraph 3? ted to the rods,which safely guide the elec- A.Lake heatwaves are likely to be more tricity into the ground.But lightning rods can serious. only protect a small area.If a building is very B.Global lakes will be influenced by sum- large,it needs a lot of lightning rods.But mer heat. some buildings,such as airports,are so large C.Lake heatwaves can only be noticed that it's difficult to protect the whole building during a long time. using lightning rods. D.Human activities play a role in increas- One idea is to use lasers(激光)to guide ing lake temperatures. lightning,which is not novel.Scientists have 11.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? been working on it for over 20 years and have successfully guided lightning with lasers in- A.The difficulty in dealing with climate side a laboratory.But scientists hadn't been change. able to guide lightning with lasers outside un- B.The ways of reducing water tempera- til the summer of 2021.Using a powerful la- tures. ser that can fire about 1,000 times a second, C.The influences of warming water. scientists in Switzerland were able to guide D.The causes of natural disasters. lightning strikes for 164 feet.The heat from 0 the laser creates a path of air that is less thick Lightning can be extremely powerful and than the air around it.The path also has a cause serious problems on the ground.Light- special charge(电荷).The lightning can fol- ning strikes can cause fires,destroy build- low this path almost as if it were a lightning ings,and kill people.The damage from light- rod.That the scientists managed to experi- ning costs billions of dollars every year.In the ment with the laser in an outdoor environ- US,lightning strikes caused the death of a- ment is a very big step. bout 450 people between 2006 and 2021.Less Despite the progress,the laser still didn't lightning means fewer losses in human life, guide the lightning as far as the scientists and that's why scientists have been working would like.To protect buildings from most on the related technology to improve light- lightning,lasers will have to guide the light- ning protection. ning for a much longer distance.Lasers are Currently,the best way to protect build- also very expensive.It will probably take 10 ings from lightning is by putting metal rods or more years before a laser like this is truly (on the buildings.These rods are con- able to protect large buildings. UNIT4·B卷第4页（共8页） 12.What is the author's purpose in writing ment. 16 It costs over f500 million the first paragraph? and is operated by the Environment Agency. A.To encourage readers to use lightning In normal weather,tides cause the rods. Thames River to rise and fall by about 5 me- B.To call on readers to protect the envi- tres twice a day.Heavy storms in the North ronment. Sea,however,combined with rising tides can C.To explain the importance of preven- push too much water up the Thames and ting lightning. flood central parts of the city.17 D.To remind readers to stay safe during In the course of history,London has witnessed lightning storms. many cases of extreme flooding.18 300 13.What is the disadvantage of lightning people died during a heavy storm that spread across rods? the North Sea and flooded the city.After this disas- A.Their short service life. ter,city planners decided that something had B.Their limited coverage. to be done to protect the city. C.Their expensive material. Today,10 rotating steel gates span the D.Their low speed of guiding electricity. 520-metre-wide Thames River.Under normal l4.What does the underlined word“novel'”in conditions,the five-storey-high gates are Paragraph 3 refer to? down and ships can pass through.When dan- A.New. B.Effective. ger approaches,the 3000-ton gates can be C.Confusing. D.Costly. raised within minutes to keep excess water 15.What did the scientists use the laser for? out of the city area.19 Recently, A.Reducing the heat of lightning. however,the gates have been closed very of- B.Changing the path of lightning. ten due to rising sea levels. C.Slowing down the speed of lightning. 20 Climate experts say that sea D.Protecting the lightning rod from dam- levels are rising slower than predicted so that age. the barrier will be operational through to 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 2070.Still,changes must be made to the bar- 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出 rier so that it can cope with extreme weather 能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 situations in the future. 多余选项。 A.It is designed in a special way. Thames Barrier-Protecting London from Floods B.The worst event happened in 1953. The Thames Barrier is a system that C.It protects over a million people who live in prevents London from being flooded by North Central London. Sea storms.It lies in the eastern part of Lon- D.The barrier was originally designed to pro- don,about 15 km from the Houses of Parlia- tect London to 2030. UNIT4·B卷第5页（共8页） E.The Thames Barrier was built in the 1970s “It was real fun to make it,.though,”said and has been in operation since 1982. John,and away he ran with his horse 34 F.When this happens,the gates of the Lon- after him. don Barrier are raised to keep water away. Does it really cost nothing and all his ef- G.Since the opening of the barrier in 1982, forts are 35 Of course not,I will the gates have been closed over 170 times. tell you.John Carpenter now is a master 第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） workman,and will soon have a shop of 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） his own. 21.A.collecting B.making 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、 C.doing D.inventing B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的 22.A.concerned B.annoyed 最佳选项。 C.amazed D.delighted John Carpenter didn't like to buy toys. 23.A.since B.in case He liked the fun of 21 them him- C.unless D.as if self.The thought that they were his own 24.A.used B.cost work 22 him. C.wasted D.needed Tom,one of his playmates,thought a toy 25.A.searching B.feeling was worth nothing 23 it cost a great C.admiring D.attending deal of money..“Come and look at my horse,.” 26.A.patiently B.casually said Tom,one day,.“24 a dollar,and C.willingly D.hurriedly it is such a beauty！”John was soon 25 27.A.vivid B.common his friend's horse,and he was examining it 26 C.similar D.rare to see how it was made.The same evening 28.A.picked out B.took up he tried to make a 27 one for him- B.picked up D.came over self.He went into the wood shed and 28 29.A.surprise B.regret two pieces of wood-one for the head of C.relief D.satisfaction 30.A.excited B.cheered his horse,the other for the body.It took him C.puzzled D.amused two or three days to shape them to his 31.A.flat B.rough 29 But what about the wheels?This C.sharp D.round 30 him.With great efforts,he finally 32.A.approach B.curiosity got some 31 pieces of wood which C.concern D.purpose could suit his 32 He ran to his 33.A.pound B.bill friend Tom to show his great work. C.note D.dollar “You made it yourself！Oh,well,it'sa 34.A.rolling B.slipping good horse for you to make.But it is not as C.passing D.marching good as mine.Mine cost a 33 and 35.A.for sure B.in vain yours didn't cost anything,"said Tom. C.in order D.in case UIT4·B卷第6页（共8页） 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分） 第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内 第一节应用文写作（满分15分） 容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就 Earthquakes are quite common.In fact, “自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你 thousands of earthquakes 36 (hap- 以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如 pen)almost at every moment. 37 何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括： most of them are too weak to felt.During a 1.地震的日常防护； big earthquake,there is often a big noise 2.震中的自救及注意事项。 first.Then the earth shakes 38 (ter- 注意：1.词数80左右； rible)and many houses fall down. 2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 As one of the most deadly natural disas- ters in the world,the earthquake often results 39 many people being injured or killed.In 2008,a severe earthquake hit China's Sichuan Province, 40 (kill) more than 80,000 people there. Besides the great damage and 41 (die)caused by the earthquake,other acci- dents such 42 fires often follow. More buildings may be damaged and more 43 (injure)may be caused.For cen- 第二节读后续写（满分25分） turies,people have been making studies of 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落 earthquakes.About 2,000 years ago,for ex- 开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 ample,a Chinese scientist 44 (name) 续写词数应为150左右。 Zhang Heng invented a machine which could Mary and her parents were downstairs in find out the direction 45 the earth- the living room.Mary was looking through quake waves came. the windows at the endless rain outside.It UNIT4·B卷第7页（共8页） had been raining non-stop for three days.She wife and daughter.The sudden silence in the had never seen a storm this bad.It was mak- house seemed to make the wind and rain more ing her nervous.The wind roared and the rain frightening outside.What could they do? beat on the roof and windows.Dad was lis- All of a sudden,the dinner table moved tening to a weather report on the radio,while and the door was forced open.Water poured Mum was putting their important documents in.Mary burst out crying..“Upstairs!”Dad and disaster supplies into a bag. ordered.They rushed to the second floor,only “Mum,Dad,”said Mary suddenly,“I to find the whole neighborhood had been sur- think we should leave here right away！” rounded by water. “No,”said Dad..“It's too late！The radio says Just then they heard a helicopter(直升 the city has already been flooded.”“We can )flying in the distance. drive our car through the floodwater!Let's just leave！I'm really scared！”cried Mary. “We can't do that,honey,”explained Mum,"otherwise the moving water could wash the car away！” Mary walked to the door.She was curi- ous to see how much water there was out- side.“Don't open the door！”shouted Mum and Dad at the same time."The water may Three days later,they returned home flood in！” and found their house in a mess. 烯 Dad moved the dinner table against the door,in case the floodwater forced the door open.Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa. "Mary,don't worry.Everything's going to be OK,"she said softly,trying her best to comfort Mary.Her voice was calm,but Mary could tell she was worried too. Without saying a single word,Dad walked to the sofa,sat down and hugged his UNIT4·B卷第8页（共8页） 白色检测区，请勿污染！ UNIT4B卷英语 答题卡 考场号 座位号」 班级」 姓名 贴条形码区 考号 准考号 1.答题前，考生务必先认真核准条形码上的姓名、班级、考号、座位号，然后 0o0o0000oo0 注 将本人姓名、班级、考号和座位号填写在答题卡相应位置，不得涂改。 2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔填涂答题卡上相应题目的答案标号，修改时， 1[11[1111[1]1[11 意 2[22[2222[22[22 要用橡皮擦干净，再选择填涂其他答案。 事 33]3[333]3[33[33 3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，在题号所指示的答题区域内书写 [4[4]4[44[44[44[44 项 作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。要求字体工整，笔迹清晰。 [5515555555[55 4.保持答题卡清洁、完整，严禁折叠，严禁做任何标记，严禁使用涂改液，修 66]66]6666666 正带。 77]77]7777]7[7]7 缺考标记 缺考考生，由监考员贴条形码， 888818818[8888 (考生禁填) 并用2B铅笔填涂右面缺考标记。 999[999]999[9]9 选择题答题区 1.[A][B]LC][D] 6.[A][B][C][D]11.[A]LB[c][D]16.[A][B][c][D][E][F][G] 2.[A]CB]CC]CD] 7.[A][B]IC]D]12.[A]IB]LC][D]17.[A][B]IC][DE][F][G] 3.[A][B]C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B[C][D]18.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 4.A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B[C][D]19.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 5.[A][B[C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]15.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 21.[A][B][CCD]26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D]27.[A][B][C][D]32.[A][B[C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D] 24.[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D] 25.[A][B][C][D]30.[A][B]LC[D]35.[A][B[C][D] 第二部分 第二节（满分15分） 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42 43. 44. 45. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 ■ 【UNIT4B卷·英语·第1页（共4页）】 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 空白区域请勿答题 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 【UNIT4B卷·英语·第2页（共4页）】 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 第二节（满分25分） Just then they heard a helicopter(直升机)flying in the distance. Three days later,they returned home and found their house in a mess. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 【UNIT4B卷·英语·第3页（共4页）】 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 空白区域 请勿答题 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效 【UNIT4B卷·英语·第4页（共4页）】参考 3.D[考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.caring about 关心；B.running after追赶；C.giving up放弃；D.hun- ting for搜寻。根据上文“Bob was completely buried” 可知，因为Bob被雪崩掩理，所以朋友打电话后应是 开始搜寻他。」 4.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：4支搜救犬队伍和27 名救援人员被派往现场。A.scene现场；B.company 公司；C.castle城堡；D,hospital医院。根据上文“On February 17 at 12:11 p.m.,Bob and his friend were driving snowmobiles in the Shrine Bowl area. they accidentally caused an avalanche,and Bob was completely buried.”可知，事故发生在Shrine Bowl地 区，所以救援人员被派往这个现场。] 5.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于恶劣的冬 季条件，“生命飞行”直升机无法提供帮助。A.quit放 弃；B.demand要求；C.delay延迟；D.provide提供。 根据上文“because of bad winter conditions”可知，因 为天气恶劣，直升机无法提供帮助。门 6.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：雪崩专家说，被埋在 雪下仅仅15分钟后，生存几率就会大大降低。A. training训练；B.rate比率，几率；C.situation情况；D. strategy策略。根据常识以及文章中提到被埋时间与 生存的关系，可知这里说的是生存几率。生存几率在 被埋15分钟后大大降低。」 7.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：但出乎所有人的预 料，在下午1点13分，也就是雪崩发生一个多小时 后，一名搜寻者注意到一块小布从碎片中露出来。A difficulties困难；B.traditions传统；C.threats成胁； D.expectations预料。根据上文提到被埋l5分钟后 生存儿率大大降低，而这里在雪崩发生一个多小时后 发现了Bob,所以是出乎预料的。] 8.C[考查动词词义辩析。句意同上。A.decorated装 饰；B.burned燃烧；C.noticed注意到；D.hid隐藏。根 据下文“a small piece of cloth sticking out of the deb ris.It turned out to be part of Bob's airbag.”"可知，是 搜寻者注意到了这块布。] 9.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：救援人员迅速在0.6 到O.7米深的雪中挖掘。A.dug挖掘；B.hiked徒步 旅行；C.skied滑雪；D.drew绘画。根据上文“Bob was completely buried”可知，因为Bob被埋在雪下， 所以救援人员需要在雪中挖掘。] 10.B[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他 们发现Bob是清醒的，而且能够说话，尽管他已经被 困了65分钟。A.concerned担心的；B.awake清醒 的；C.stuck卡住的；D.capable有能力的。根据上文 “Bob was completely buried'”以及下文“and able to talk”可知，Bob能说话，说明他是清醒的。] ll.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.inspired激 励；B.targeted把…作为目标；C.trapped被困住； D.identified识别。根据上文Bob被雪崩掩埋，可知他 是被困住了。根据上文“they accidentally caused an avalanche,and Bob was completely buried.”可知，Bob 被埋就是被困住了。] 12.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被用雪地摩托送 到了一辆等待的救护车上，然后被迅速送往顶峰医疗 中心接受治疗。A.referred提到；参考；B.jogged慢 跑；C.wheeled用轮椅推；D.rushed迅速送去；急忙 送。根据下文“to Summit Medical Center for treat- ment”可知，要送Bob去医院接受治疗，结合语境应是 迅速送去。」 13.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：雪崩发生在一场暴 雪过后，雪崩风险很高的一天。A.risk风险；B.she ter庇护所；C.survivor幸存者；D.forecast预报。根 据下文“after heavy storms”可知，暴雪后发生雪崩，说 明这一天雪崩风险高。] ·1 答案 14.C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bob的家人对救 援中每个人的努力非常感激。A.hungry饥饿的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C.grateful感激的；D.proud骄傲 的。根据下文“for everyone's efforts in the rescue”可 知，Bob被成功救出，家人对救援人员的努力应是感 激的。」 15.B[考查名词词义辩析。句意：他们的迅速行动将 一场可能致命的灾难转变成了一个非凡的幸存故事。 A.disease疾病；B.disaster灾难；C.research研究；D. battle战斗。根据上文第“they accidentally caused an avalanche,and Bob was completely buried..”可知，雪 崩是一场灾难。] Ⅲ，[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 美国历史上最具破坏性之一的飓风Katrina对城市造成 的影响。 1.destructive[考查形容词。句意：2005年8月下旬， 美国历史上最具破坏性的飓风之一卡特里娜飓风袭 击了美国东南部。空处修饰名词hurricanes,应填形 容词作定语，故填destructive。」 2.causing[考查非谓语动词。句意：它始于8月23 日，一开始只造成了轻微的损害。cause和逻辑主语 It之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填cau singo」 3.a[考查冠词。句意：但它很快就在墨西哥湾温暖的 水域上空发展成为五级飓风，并在其路径上造成了严 重破坏。此处泛指“一场五级飓风”，应用不定冠词修 饰，故填a。」 4.which/that[考查定语从句。句意：新奥尔良是一个 大部分建在海平面以下的城市，受灾最严重。空处引 导定语从句，先行词是city,关系词在从句中作主语， 应用关系代词which/that引导，故填which/that。] 5.0[考查介词。句意：为了应对即将来临的飓风，市 政府下令疏散所有居民。in reaction to“作为对… 的回应”，故填t0。] 6.residents[考查名词复数。句意同上。resident是可 数名词，由all可知应用复数形式，故填residents。] 7.was flooded[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：结 果，80%的城市被洪水淹没了数周。主语80%of the city和动词flood之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生 的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语看作一个 整体，表示单数意义，be动词使用was,故填was floo- ded。] 8.stuck[考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在城市里的人 们没有电力、食物和饮用水，焦急地等待救援。stick 和People之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故 填stuck。] 9.anxiously[考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词 waiting,应用副词形式，故填anxiously。] 10.left[考查动词时态。句意：卡特里娜飓风造成近 1000人死亡，数百万人无家可归。根据caused可知 使用一殷过去时，空处是定语从句并列的谓语动词， 应用动词过去式，故填left。] UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS (B 第一部分第一节 A[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了历史上发 生的几次地震以及其带来的危害。 l.B[细节理解题。根据Rat Islands,Alaska部分中的 “The good news in this quake,..in these islands.”可 知，没有人员伤亡的地震发生在1965年。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据Sumatra,Indonesia部分中的 "it is clear that Sumatra comes in the area that is most prone to earthquakes'”可知，Sumatra是最容易发生地 震的地区。] 英语·必 3.B[细节理解题。根据Bio Bio,Chile部分中的“The number of injured people...of the human history." 知，史上危害最严重的地震之一发生在BioBio。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者 以及家人在2004年印尼海啸中幸运逃生的故事。 4.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“Suddenly,a powerful earthquake shook us.Without hesitation,I caught my cousin,while shouting to my sister to get out of the house quickly.My mother was still in the garden. 然，一场强烈的地震袭击了我们。我毫不犹豫地抓住 了我的堂兄，同时大声叫着让我妹妹赶紧离开房子。 而我的母亲还在花园里。)”可知，地震发生时，作者待 在屋内。] 5.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“Then my mother suddenly asked my sister and me to take all of the im- portant documents and move them into my room on the second floor,(随后，我的母亲突然要求我和姐姐 把所有重要的文件都搬到二楼我的房间去。)”可知， 地震后，妈妈让作者和妹妹把重要文件搬到二楼作者 的房间。] 6.D[词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Every time the earth shook,the more fear people felt.No one got e- nough sleep that night,(每次大地发生震动，人们就更 加感到恐惧。那晚没有人能睡个好觉。)”可知，地震 发生后人们十分恐惧，那晚人们都彻夜难眠。由此可 知，地震让每个人都担惊受怕，故D项“高度紧张”符 合语境。like a cat on hot bricks比喻人们像热锅上的 蚂蚁，神经高度紧张不安。」 7.B[主旨大意题。根据第一段“I grew up in Banda Aceh,the capital of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh)in Indonesia.The moment that changed my life was on the Sunday morning of December 26, 2004.(我在印度尼西亚亚齐特别行政区首府班达亚 尔长大。改变我一生的时刻发生在2004年12月26 日的那个周日清晨。)”以及文章讲述了作者在2004 年印尼海啸中的经历，包括地震发生时的情况、一家 人的逃生过程以及灾后的生活，故B项“我在2004年 海啸中的经历”适合作文章的标题。] C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了湖水 温度上升给水中的物种带来的影响。 8.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“.，northern lakes are no longer frozen all winter long.That number may jump to thousands..”可知，许多北方湖泊整个冬季 不再结冰，这一数字在70年内可能上升到数千个。] g,D[推理判断题。根据第二段“.，deeper water is often oxygen-poor...where there is nowhere for the fish to go.”可知，深水区经常会缺氧，R.lestyn Wool- way担心湖水变暖使鱼类没有地方可去，不能生存 下去。 l0.A[推理判断题。根据第三段“..will increase a bout 3.7 to 5.4 degrees Celsius...lake heatwaves will last more than three months.,.”可知，模型显示 湖水温度在升高，酷热期的时间在增长，因此作者在 本段主要想表达湖泊的酷热期可能会变得更加 严重。] 11.C[段落大意题。根据本段内容可知，本段主要介 绍了湖水变暖带来的影响。」 D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍闪电的 危害、传统避雷针的局限性，以及激光引导闪电技术的 研究进展与现存问题。 l2.C[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Lightning can be extremely powerful and cause serious prob- lems.···· that's why scientists have been working on the related technology to improve lightning pro- tection.(闪电的威力极大，会在地面造成严重后果。 ·1 修第一册 雷击可能引发火灾、摧毁建筑物，甚至导致人员死 亡。每年，闪电造成的损失高达数十亿美元。在美 国，2006年至2021年间，雷击导致约450人死亡。 闪电出现的次数越少，生命损失就越少，这也是科学 家们一直在研究相关技术以改进防雷措施的原 因。)”可知，作者通过阐述闪电的巨大危害（引发火 灾、摧毁建筑、导致人员死亡、造成巨额损失)，引出 防雷技术研究的必要性，其目的是解释防雷的重 要性。门 l3.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But lightning rods can only protect a small area.If a building is very large,it needs a lot of lightning rods.But some buildings,such as airports,are so large that it's diffi- cult to protect the whole building using lightning rods.(但避雷针只能保护一小块区域。如果建筑物 很大，就需要很多避雷针。但有些建筑，比如机场 规模如此之大，以至于很难用避雷针保护整个建 筑。)”可知，避雷针的缺点是覆盖范围有限。」 l4.A[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But scientists hadn't been able to guide lightning with lasers out- side until......and have successfully guided light- ning with lasers inside a laboratory..(但直到2021年 夏天，科学家们才得以在户外用激光引导闪电。瑞 士科学家使用了一款每秒可发射约1000次的高能 激光，成功将雷击引导了164英尺。科学家们已经 研究了20多年，并在实验室里成功用激光引导了闪 电。)”可知，“用激光引导闪电”这一想法并非新出现 的，因此“novel'”意为“新的”。] l5.B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it.The path also has a special charge. The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod,.(激光产生的热量会形成一条 空气通道，这条通道的空气密度比周围的小。这条 通道还带有特殊电荷。闪电可以沿着这条通道移 动，就像沿着避雷针一样。)”可知，科学家使用激光 是为了创造一条新的通道，从而改变闪电的路径。] 第二节 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。泰晤士河水闸是为 了阻止泰晤士河水泛滥危害上游伦敦市中心，经过工程 师反复讨论决定修建而成。 16.E[空格后面一句话提到修建泰晤士河水闸的花 费，E项“泰晤士河水闸修建于20世纪70年代，1982 年开始运行”符合语境。] 17.F[空格前面语境提到暴风雨以及涨潮时会有太大 的水流量涌向泰晤士并使得城市中心发生洪灾，F项 “When this happens..,”,this指的就是空前提到的 情况，因此F项紧承上文，符合语境。] 18.B[空格前面一句话提到伦敦见证了很多次极为严 重的洪灾，B项“最为严重的一次发生在1953年”紧 密承接上文。] 19.G[空格前讲到当危险接近时，3000吨的闸门可在 几分钟内升起，把多余的水挡在城区外面。空格后 面一句话提到最近一次关闭水闸门的情况，G项关 键词“closed”与闸门关闭相关，故选G。] 20.D[空格后面一句话提到气候专家说海平面上升比 预期缓慢，因此水闸可以运行到2070年，D项“闸门 当初设计用来保护伦敦可用到2030年”与空格后内 容呼应。] 第二部分第一节 「语篇解读]你是喜欢自己亲手制作玩具，还是花钱买 玩具呢？很多人会觉得花钱买的才有价值。其实当你 发现自己亲自动手制作玩具的乐趣时，你才能了解其真 正的意义。 参考 21.B[根据上一句“约翰不喜欢买别人做的玩具”可推 知，约翰喜欢自己制作(making)玩具的那份快乐。] 22.D[根据上文“He liked the fun of 41 them himself.”可知，他喜欢制作玩具的乐趣，可见这个自 己制作玩具的想法让他非常高兴(delighted)。] 23.C[根据上下文可知，他的一个玩伴汤姆，认为除非 (unless)花很多金钱买来的玩具，否则一文不值。] 24.B[此处指马花了一美元。cost意为“花费”。] 25.C[根据下文约翰仔细观察，研究如何做的，然后自 己做了一匹马可知，当约翰看到他朋友的马，很快就 欣赏(admiring)起这匹马来，看看是怎么做出来的。] 26.A[从空后的“to see how it was made”以及下文所 做的玩具马可知，他耐心地(patiently)观察着。] 27.C[根据上文可知，他非常喜欢汤姆的马，所以同一 天晚上试着给自己做一个类似的(similar)马。] 28.A[根据常识可知，他走进木棚，挑选(pick out)出 两块木头，一块做马头，另一块做身体。」 29.D[结合选项，再根据后文内容可推知，此处表示他 花了两、三天时间才做出令他满意的(to his satisfac tion)形状。] 30.C[根据前一句“But what about the wheels?”及后一 句“With great efforts,he finally got some..”可知，他 不知用什么做轮子，因此这让他很困惑(puzzled)。] 31.D[根据常识可知，轮子是圆形的，肯定要用圆的 (round)木头。] 32.D[他挑选这几块圆木是为了满足他做轮子的意图 (purpose)。 33.D[根据第44空后的“a dollar'”可知，汤姆说他的马 是花一美元买的。] 34.A[约翰做的是有轮子的马，所以轮子是滚动(ro ing)的。] 35.B[根据空前“Does it really cost nothing(这真的没 有什么价值吗？)”和空后的内容可判断这里是问“他 所有的努力都白费了(in vain)吗？”] 第二节 36.are happening 37.However 38.terribly 39.in 40.killing 41.deaths 42.as 43.injuries 44.named 45.where 第三部分 第一节[参考范文] How to react in an earthquake How to react in a disaster like an earthquake really matters.Proper reaction can help reduce damage and e- ven save lives. If an earthquake occurs,be aware where and how to stay safe.Do prepare supplies in advance,which may help us survive the disaster.Once encountering an earth- quake,don't panic.If inside a room,stay under strong desks or beds.When escaping from the scene,never take the lift;otherwise we may get trapped.If outside,try to stay off buildings and electricity supplies and move to a safer place as soon as possible. Follow what are mentioned above,you can make yourself safe and sound. 第二节[参考范文] Just then they heard a helicopter(直升机)flying in the distance.Its roar gradually grew louder,bringing a ray of hope in the midst of the chaos.Dad took out a flashlight from the disaster supplies bag,dashed to the window and shone a beam of light through the rain. Soon,the helicopter spotted them and hovered nearby, lowering down a rope ladder.Grasping the ladder firm- ly,Dad helped his wife and daughter climb up first.As they all were lifted into the air,they breathed a sigh of relief. ·1 答案 Three days later,they returned home and found their house in a mess.Muddy water had stained every inch of the once-clean space and the smell of dampness filled the whole house.A wave of sadness washed over them,but they quickly recovered themselves and set out to clean up the mess.Dad handled the mud-covered floors while Mum and Mary sorted through the damaged belongings.They were convinced that as long as they were alive and together,their home would return to its former state and everything was going to be OK. UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD(A卷) 基础自测 I.1.billion native 2.system referred attitude 3.Despite civilization 4.characters based 5.carved symbol 6.varieties dialects 7.majored means 8.regarded classics 9.factor global 10.specific appreciate affair 11.struggle 12.tongue 13.semester 14.subway 15.apartment 16.equal 17.gap 18.demanded 19.vocabulary 20.description Il.(j)1.refer to 2.known for 3.At the beginning 4.date back 5.of great importance 6.plays a great role in 7.According to 8.related to (i)1.has been struggling against 2.ups and downs 3.based on 4.a variety of 5.In regard to 6.point of view 7.is equal to 8.used to 9.in demand llI.1.billions 2.systems 3.dating 4.carved 5.varie- ties 6.majored 7.regarded 8.characters 9.global 10.appreciation 11.equally 12.demands 13.speaking 14.confusing IV.(i)1.on which 2.for which 3.for which 4.with whom 5.with which 6.about which 7.which I have looked after 8.in which 9.from which 10.which ()1.The reason why/for which he refused the invita- tion is not clear. 2.Do you still remember the day when/on which we first saw each other? 3.This is the hotel where/in which they stayed last month. 4.曾经住着两个人的房子现在已经空了。 5.从那时起，我们工作过的工厂发生了很大变化。 6.这就是他们刚才讨论的地方。 (il)1.This is the reason why they are all against the plan. 2.Take an active part in some sports where you can meet various kinds of people. 3.Winter is the time of a year when the days are short and nights are long. 4.Care of the soul is a gradual process in which the small details of life should be considered. 5.This is the man to whom I referred. 6.That is the day on which he was born. 7.Do you like the book on which she spent $10? 达标检测 I.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了20 岁的美国大学生Lena用独特的方式看待汉字，她将汉 字想象成各种有趣的形象并创作成画作发布在小红书 上，获得了大量关注和喜爱，她的故事体现了语言不仅 是文字，更是连接不同文化、促进相互理解的桥梁。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Lena gained popu- larity when she spent only 30 minutes drawing'ceng' and posted it on Xiaohongshu.Amazingly,this simple drawing got40,000 likes overnight..(Lena在小红书