Unit4-Inventions- Section 4-同步练2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

**基本信息** 以“词汇-语法-语篇”三级进阶设计，通过基础夯实、语篇理解与综合应用分层巩固Unit 4 Inventions核心知识，适配新授课语言能力与思维品质培养需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|核心词汇（如invent, impact）、语法形式转换（名词、动词、形容词）|选词填空（10题）、适当形式填空（10题），聚焦单一知识点，强化语言能力基础| |进阶层|语篇信息提取与匹配（发明过程、影响）|阅读理解A（4题）、五选四（4题），通过故事与说明文体考查信息定位，提升思维品质| |提高层|综合语篇逻辑与词汇运用（发明发展脉络）|完形填空（10题），围绕蒸汽机发展，融合词汇辨析与上下文推理，发展学习能力|

Unit 4 Inventions Section 4 同步练 班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________ 一、选词填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，计 10 分） 从方框中选择合适的词或短语，并用其正确形式完成句子，每词 / 短语限用一次。 heat, metal, notice, press, type, invent, improve, impact, depth, power 1. Bi Sheng was so focused on his work that he didn’t ______ the girl standing there. 2. When making movable type, people need to ______ the clay characters down to make the surface even. 3. The microwave is a quick way to ______ up food in just a few minutes. 4. Gold, iron and silver are all different kinds of ______. 5. Bi Sheng invented movable ______ printing in the Song dynasty. 6. Thomas Newcomen ______ the first steam engine to help mine coal. 7. James Watt’s design greatly ______ the power of the steam engine. 8. The invention of printing had a huge ______ on the whole world. 9. Newcomen’s engine helped people mine for metals at greater ______. 10. Watt’s steam engine could ______ trains, ships and factories. 二、适当形式填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，计 10 分） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Bi Sheng was a great ______ (invent) in ancient China. 2. He cut characters into pieces of clay and then ______ (bake) them with fire. 3. Watt’s improvement made the steam engine much ______ (power). 4. The printing press helped ______ (spread) knowledge all over the world. 5. People used pine gum, wax and paper ash to make the characters ______ (stick) to the plate. 6. The steam engine played a huge role in the ______ (industry) Revolution. 7. The ______ (print) of books became faster and easier with movable type. 8. James Watt ______ (create) the term “horsepower” to describe engine power. 9. Newcomen’s engine was the ______ (one) steam engine ever made. 10. The unit of power called the “watt” is named after the great ______ (engine) James Watt. 三、阅读理解 A（共 4 小题，每小题 2.5 分，计 10 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Movable Type: A Dream Come True Jane fell asleep while reading a book about the history of printing. In her dream, she found herself in a room with an open fire and a desk full of strange tools. A man was working with clay. When Jane asked what he was doing, he said he was making type to print a book. The man explained his process. First, he cut characters into pieces of clay. Then he baked them with fire to make them hard. Each character was a single piece of type. To print, he spread a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate. Next, he put each piece of type on the plate and fixed them with a frame. After heating the plate, the mixture melted. He pressed a board on the characters to make the surface even. Finally, he brushed ink on the characters, and they were ready to print. Jane realized the man was Bi Sheng, the inventor of movable type. She told him that Gutenberg improved his invention and introduced metal movable type to Europe about 400 years later. Just then, Jane woke up, holding the book in her hand and smiling. 1. What was Jane doing when she fell asleep? A. She was printing a book with movable type. B. She was reading about the history of printing. C. She was talking to Bi Sheng. D. She was learning how to make clay characters. 2. What is the correct order of printing with movable type? a. Press a board on the characters. b. Bake the clay characters with fire. c. Brush ink on the characters. d. Spread a mixture on a metal plate. A. b-d-a-c B. d-b-a-c C. b-a-d-c D. a-b-d-c 3. Who improved movable type and introduced it to Europe? A. Bi Sheng B. James Watt C. Gutenberg D. Thomas Newcomen 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Jane learned about movable type in a dream and realized its importance. B. Bi Sheng invented movable type in the Song dynasty. C. Gutenberg’s invention was better than Bi Sheng’s. D. How to print a book with modern printing presses. 四、完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，计 10 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The steam engine changed the world forever. It was first invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. Newcomen’s engine used a piston, cylinder and boiler to help people mine for coal at greater 1______. It was the very first steam engine, but it was not very 2______. Later, James Watt improved Newcomen’s design. He added wheels and cogs to the engine, which made it more powerful. Watt’s engine could be used in many more 3______, such as trains, ships and factories. It played a huge role in the Industrial Revolution. People often think Watt invented the steam engine, but he only improved the 4______ design. He even created the term “horsepower” to describe how 5______ his engine was. The unit of power called the “watt” is named after him. The steam engine shows how inventions can 6______ over time. Newcomen’s idea was good, but Watt’s improvements made it useful for the whole world. Without the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution might not have happened, and the world would be a very 7______ place today. Inventions like movable type and the steam engine have had a huge 8______ on human history. They made knowledge spread faster, work easier, and travel farther. Every great invention starts with a simple idea, but with hard work and 9______, it can change the world. That’s why it’s important to keep asking questions and 10______ new things. 1. A. depths B. heights C. speeds D. times 2. A. weak B. powerful C. slow D. big 3. A. places B. ways C. people D. problems 4. A. new B. old C. original D. modern 5. A. weak B. strong C. heavy D. light 6. A. improve B. stop C. disappear D. stay 7. A. same B. different C. easy D. busy 8. A. impact B. problem C. question D. rule 9. A. luck B. money C. improvement D. time 10. A. invent B. inventing C. to invent D. invented 五、五选四（共 4 小题，每小题 2.5 分，计 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The Story of Movable Type Movable type is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. It was invented by Bi Sheng during the Song dynasty. 1. ______ First, Bi Sheng cut characters into small pieces of clay. Then he baked them with fire to make them hard. Each character was a separate piece of type. 2. ______ He spread a mixture of pine gum, wax and paper ash on a metal plate, then placed the type on the plate and heated it. After pressing a board on the characters to make them even, he brushed ink on them. Finally, he could print pages quickly. Before movable type, people used woodblock printing. It took a long time to make a new block for each book. 3. ______ With movable type, people could reuse the characters for different books. This made printing faster and cheaper. The invention spread around the world. About 400 years later, Gutenberg improved it and introduced metal movable type to Europe. 4. ______ Thanks to Bi Sheng’s invention, knowledge could spread farther and faster than ever before. A. To print a book, he used a special process. B. It changed how people printed books forever. C. This made printing very slow and expensive. D. Bi Sheng sold his invention to European printers. E. This helped the Industrial Revolution start in Europe. 参考答案 一、选词填空 1. notice 2. press 3. heat 4. metals 5. type 6.invented 7. improved 8. impact 9. depths 10. power 二、适当形式填空 1. inventor 2. baked 3. powerful 4. spread 5. stick 6.Industrial 7. printing 8. created 9. first 10. engineer 三、阅读理解 A 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 四、完形填空 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6.A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 五、五选四 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. E 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $