专题二 形容词、副词 备战2026年中考英语复习讲义

专题二 形容词与副词 一、形容词 1. 形容词的用法 功能 位置 例句 作定语 名词之前、不定代词之后 She is a beautiful girl. I have something important to say. 作表语 系动词之后 It’s very cold today. 作宾语补足语 在 keep, make, leave 等动词的宾语之后 You must keep the classroom clean. 2. 形容词的构成 （1）名词变形容词（后缀） 类别 构成方法 意义 例词 天气名词 -y 充满…… 的，多…… 的 cloud—cloudy 多云的；sun—sunny 晴朗的；rain—rainy 下雨的；wind—windy 有风的；snow—snowy 下雪的；fog—foggy 有雾的；ice—icy 结冰的 方位名词 -ern …… 方位的，朝…… 方的 west—western 西方的；south—southern 南方的；east—eastern 东方的；north—northern 北方的 物质名词 -en/-y …… 制成的，…… 般的 wood—wooden 木制的；sand—sandy 多沙的；gold—golden 金色的；stone—stony 多石的；wool—woolen 羊毛的 国家名词 -n …… 的，…… 人的 America—American 美国的；Canada—Canadian 加拿大的；Australia—Australian 澳大利亚的；Russia—Russian 俄罗斯的；India—Indian 印度的；Italy—Italian 意大利的；Asia—Asian 亚洲的；Europe—European 欧洲的；Africa—African 非洲的；Mexico—Mexican 墨西哥的；Korea—Korean 韩国的 （2）形容词变反义词（前缀） 构成方法 含义 例词 un + 形容词 不…… 的 healthy—unhealthy 健康的 — 不健康的；happy—unhappy 快乐的 — 不快乐的；lucky—unlucky 幸运的 — 不幸的；usual—unusual 平常的 — 不寻常的；able—unable 能够的 — 不能的；kind—unkind 善良的 — 不友善的；fair—unfair 公平的 — 不公平的；safe—unsafe 安全的 — 不安全的；clear—unclear 清楚的 — 不清楚的；crowded—uncrowded 拥挤的 — 不拥挤的；popular—unpopular 受欢迎的 — 不受欢迎的；comfortable—uncomfortable 舒适的 — 不舒适的；welcome—unwelcome 受欢迎的 — 不受欢迎的；certain—uncertain 确定的 — 不确定的 im + 以 m/b/p 开头的形容词 不…… 的 polite—impolite 礼貌的 — 不礼貌的；patient—impatient 耐心的 — 没耐心的；perfect—imperfect 完美的 — 不完美的 possible—impossible 可能的 — 不可能的 dis + 形容词 不…… 的 honest—dishonest 诚实的 — 不诚实的； （3）派生法 — 加后缀 1.-able：comfortable 舒适的；suitable 合适的；enjoyable 令人愉快的；acceptable 可接受的；available 可获得的；valuable 有价值的；fashionable 时尚的 2.-al：natural 自然的；local 当地的；traditional 传统的；national 国家的；personal 个人的；cultural 文化的；central 中心的；actual 实际的；general 普遍的；international 国际的；medical 医学的；mental 精神的；official 官方的；usual 通常的；social 社会的 3.-ant：pleasant 令人愉快的；important 重要的；distant 遥远的；instant 立刻的；confident 自信的 4.-ary：necessary 必要的；ordinary 普通的；primary 主要的 5.-ed：excited 感到兴奋的；warm-hearted 热心的；bored 感到无聊的；interested 感兴趣的；tired 疲惫的；surprised 惊讶的；relaxed 放松的；worried 担心的；amazed 惊奇的；frightened 害怕的；pleased 高兴的；satisfied 满意的；disappointed 失望的 6.-ent：independent 独立的；different 不同的；excellent 优秀的；patient 耐心的；absent 缺席的；silent 沉默的；convenient 方便的 7.-ful：hopeful 有希望的；careful 仔细的；wonderful 极好的；colorful 多彩的；beautiful 美丽的；helpful 有帮助的；useful 有用的；peaceful 和平的；successful 成功的 8.-ible：terrible 糟糕的；horrible 可怕的；possible 可能的 9.-ing：exciting 令人兴奋的；boring 令人无聊的；interesting 有趣的；tiring 令人疲惫的；surprising 令人惊讶的；relaxing 令人放松的；amazing 令人惊奇的 10.-ish：foolish 愚蠢的；selfish 自私的；childish 幼稚的 11.-ive：creative 有创造力的；active 积极的；expensive 昂贵的；attractive 有吸引力的 12.-ious：delicious 美味的；serious 严肃的；curious 好奇的；dangerous 危险的；humorous 幽默的 13.-ical：typical 典型的；musical 音乐的；physical 身体的、物理的；practical 实际的 14.-less：hopeless 无望的；careless 粗心的；helpless 无助的；useless 无用的；homeless 无家可归的 15.-ly：friendly 友好的；lovely 可爱的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；daily 每日的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；yearly 每年的 16.-ous：famous 著名的；nervous 紧张的；various 各种各样的；precious 珍贵的 17.-some：handsome 英俊的；awesome 令人惊叹的；troublesome 麻烦的 18.-y：dirty 脏的；angry 生气的；hungry 饥饿的；noisy 吵闹的；lucky 幸运的；healthy 健康的；easy 容易的；busy 忙碌的；tasty 美味的；sandy 多沙的；icy 结冰的；foggy 有雾的 （4）特殊形容词 1.以 a - 作前缀的表语形容词：afraid 害怕的；asleep 睡着的；alive 活着的；alike 相像的；awake 醒着的；alone 独自的；ashamed 羞愧的 2.分词转换形容词：-ing 修饰物，-ed 修饰人 interesting 有趣的 —interested 感兴趣的； exciting 令人兴奋的 —excited 感到兴奋的； boring 令人无聊的 —bored 感到无聊的； tiring 令人疲倦的 —tired 感到疲倦的； surprising 令人惊讶的 —surprised 感到惊讶的； amazing 令人惊奇的 —amazed 感到惊奇的； frightening 令人害怕的 —frightened 感到害怕的； worrying 令人担心的 —worried 感到担心的； relaxing 令人放松的 —relaxed 感到放松的； disappointing 令人失望的 —disappointed 感到失望的； embarrassing 令人尴尬的 —embarrassed 感到尴尬的； pleasing 令人愉快的 —pleased 感到愉悦的； satisfying 令人满意的 —satisfied 感到满意的； puzzling 令人费解的 —puzzled 感到困惑的； annoying 令人恼怒的 —annoyed 感到恼怒的； confusing 令人迷惑的 —confused 感到迷惑的； shocking 令人震惊的 —shocked 感到震惊的； touching 令人感动的 —touched 感动的 4. 多个形容词作前置定语顺序 限（this/that/a/an/the）→ 大 → 形（square/round）→ 龄（young/old）→ 色 → 国 → 材 → 名 例：a nice large square old brown wooden table 5. 含形容词的常用句型 1.It’s+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.（形容人品质：kind, nice, polite 等） 2.It’s+adj.(+for+sb.)+to do sth.（形容事情难易：difficult, easy 等） 二、副词 1. 副词的分类 分类 用法 例词 时间副词 句首 / 句末 now 现在；then 那时 / 然后；tomorrow 明天；ago 以前；soon 不久；recently 最近 地点副词 句末，不加介词 here 在这里；there 在那里；home 在家 / 往家；in 在里面；out 在外面；inside 在内部；outside 在外部；down 向下；up 向上；away 离开；back 回来 / 向后；forward 向前；everywhere 到处；somewhere 在某处；nowhere 无处；abroad 在国外 方式副词 动词后 carefully 小心地；easily 容易地；fast 快速地；happily 开心地；slowly 慢慢地；quickly 迅速地；quietly 安静地；loudly 大声地；clearly 清楚地；bravely 勇敢地；politely 礼貌地；kindly 和蔼地；sadly 难过地；calmly 冷静地；heavily 沉重地 / 猛烈地；well 很好地；hard 努力地 / 猛烈地；late 晚地；early 早地 程度副词 形 / 副前，助动词后 much 非常 / 更加；a little 有点儿 / 稍微；very 非常；enough 足够地；quite 相当 / 很；rather 相当；almost 几乎；nearly 将近；hardly 几乎不；too 太；so 如此；pretty 相当；greatly 大大地；almost 几乎；nearly 差不多 频度副词 实义动词前，系动词后 always 总是；usually 通常；often 经常；sometimes 有时；seldom 很少；hardly ever 几乎不；never 从不 疑问副词 句首，特殊疑问 where 在哪里；when 什么时候；why 为什么；how 怎样；how long 多长 / 多久；how often 多久一次；how soon 还要多久；how far 多远；how many 多少（可数）；how much 多少（不可数 / 多少钱）；how old 多大年龄；how tall 多高；how high 多高；how wide 多宽；how deep 多深；how soon 多久以后 连接副词 连接句子 / 宾语从句 however 然而；therefore 因此；how 如何 / 怎样；when 当…… 时候；where 在…… 地方；why 为什么；whenever 无论何时；wherever 无论何地；besides 此外；instead 反而 / 代替；otherwise 否则；meanwhile 同时；though 然而 关系副词 引导定语从句 when …… 的时候；where …… 的地方；why …… 的原因 2. 副词的用法 1.作状语：修饰形 / 副（前）、动词（后）、句首修饰整句 2.作表语：系动词后（表时间 / 方位） 3.作宾补：动宾结构后 4.作后置定语：被修饰词后 3. 副词的构成（形容词 + ly） 形容词种类 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加 - ly quick—quickly；slow—slowly 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 - ly happy—happily 快乐的 — 快乐地；heavy—heavily 沉重的 — 猛烈地；easy—easily 容易的 — 容易地；busy—busily 忙碌的 — 忙碌地； lucky—luckily 幸运的 — 幸运地；angry—angrily 生气的 — 生气地；noisy—noisily 吵闹的 — 吵闹地；hungry—hungrily 饥饿的 — 饥饿地；lazy—lazily 懒惰的 — 懒惰地；silly—sillily 傻的 — 傻乎乎地； 开音节 e 结尾 加 - ly wide—widely 宽的 — 广泛地；polite—politely 礼貌的 — 礼貌地； nice—nicely 美好的 — 好好地；late—lately 晚的 — 近来； brave—bravely 勇敢的 — 勇敢地；close—closely 近的 — 密切地；complete—completely 完整的 — 完全地 元音 + e 结尾 去 e 加 - ly true—truly真实的 — 真实地 le 结尾 去 e 加 - y possible—possibly 可能的 — 可能地；terrible—terribly 糟糕的 — 极其；comfortable—comfortably 舒适的 — 舒适地；gentle—gently 温和的 — 温和地；simple—simply 简单的 — 简单地； -ll 结尾 只加 - y full—fully 满的 — 充分地；dull—dully 无趣的 — 沉闷地； 特殊 good—well 4. 形容词变副词特殊情况 1.形副同形：fast—fast 快的 / 快地；high—high 高的 / 高地；early—early 早的 / 早早地；hard—hard 努力的 / 努力地；late—late 晚的 / 晚地；far—far 远的 / 远地；straight—straight 直的 / 直地；right—right 正确的 / 正确地；near—near 近的 / 近地；much—much 许多的 / 许多；little—little 少的 / 少许 易混变形对照（必考易错） hard—hardly 努力地 — 几乎不；high—highly 高地 — 高度地；late—lately 晚地 — 最近；near—nearly 近地 — 几乎 2.-ly 结尾仍为形容词：friendly 友好的；lively 活泼的；lovely 可爱的；likely 可能的；lonely 孤独的；ugly 丑陋的；silly 傻的； 三、形容词、副词的比较等级 1. 规则变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般加 - er/-est slow, fast slower, faster slowest, fastest 不发音 e 结尾加 - r/-st large, late larger, later largest, latest 重读闭音节双写加 - er/-est big, fat, hot, thin,wet bigger, fatter, hotter, thinner,wetter biggest, fattest, hottest, thinnest,wettest 辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 - er/-est easy, early easier, earlier easiest, earliest 多音节前加 more/most boring, carefully more boring, more carefully most boring, most carefully 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 背诵口诀 good/well better best 两好两坏两多少，远老双形要记牢。 两好：good /well 两坏：bad /badly/ill 两多少：many /much/little 远：far 双形 老：old 双形 bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 3. 原级用法 1.as + 原级 + as（和…… 一样）2.not as/so + 原级 + as（不如……）3.倍数 + as + 原级 + as4. 比较级用法 1.比较级 + than2.less + 原级 + than3.比较级 + and + 比较级4.the + 比较级，the + 比较级5.the + 比较级 + of the two 6.倍数 + 比较级 + than 5. 最高级用法 1.the + 最高级 + of/in + 范围2.the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + 范围3.one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 + 范围 6. 注意 1.副词最高级前 the 可省2.避免自身比较 五、练习题 Excercise 1 派生法填空 1.The story is very__________(excite). 2.She felt __________ (disappoint ) because she failed the exam. 3.This is a __________ (use ) machine; we should throw it away. 4.It's __________ (danger ) to play with fire. 5.The__________(nation ) flag of China is red with five yellow stars. 6.This book is __________ (accept) for children under 10. 7.He is an __________ (act ) student who takes part in many activities. 8.The film is__________(interest ), so many people want to watch it. 9.It is__________(possible ) to finish the work in one hour. 10.She is an__________ (honest → ) person; don't believe her words. Excercise 2 1.Dolphins are good at driving fish to the coast. Fishermen often work __________with them to catch fish. A. heavily B. closely C. slowly 2.A local charity organization teaches the disabled__________ skills to find jobs on their own. A. lively B. strict C. practical 3.When you are in danger, you should keep __________ and try to find some help. A. simple B. calm C. lazy 4.Lingling is one of __________ students in my class. She is always ready to offer help. A. helpful B. more helpful C. the most helpful 5.Sally can cook so well that she __________will not get hungry at home. A. loudly B. certainly C. suddenly 6.—Saying “Would you please …” is a good way to ask somebody to do something. —Yes. It makes you sound __________. A. straight B. polite C. funny 7.Every time I felt down, my best friend would say __________ to me, “Everything will be fine.” A. relatively B. safely C. softly 8.City life is full of opportunities. Country life, however, is __________ and more peaceful. A. dearer B. quieter C. busier 9.With hard work and clear plans, you will become __________in your study. A. successful B. honest C. generous 10.After many years of trying, I __________ achieved my dream. A. finally B. quite C. ever 11.—Dad, could I spend my pocket money on beautiful dresses? —It’s OK. But I think spending it on books is __________. A. less meaningful B. less comfortable C. more meaningful 12.Journey to the West is one of __________ classic novels in China. People like reading it. A. famous B. more famous C. the most famous 13.—If __________people drive cars, there will be __________ air pollution. —I think so. I hope our environment will be better and better. A. fewer; less B. less; fewer C. more; less 14.—Be careful! The traffic light is red. It’s __________ to cross the street now. Wait a minute. —Thank you for reminding me. A. busy B. dangerous C. crowded 15.Harbin held the 9th Asian Winter Games __________in February 2025. A. quickly B. suddenly C. successfully 16.Mount Gongga is the __________mountain in Sichuan, higher than any other in this area. A. high B. higher C. highest 17.Lin Tao ran __________to get the first place in the 100-metre race. A. enough fast B. fast enough C. slow enough 18.—Mom, let’s go to the supermarket. —Wait a moment. It’s __________ to make a shopping list first. A. wise B. friendly C. difficult 19.I’m worried about my friend because I haven’t heard from him __________. A. exactly B. suddenly C. recently 20.AI technology in China has developed __________than anyone expected. A. fast B. faster C. fastest Excercise 3 原级句型练习 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句型 1 1.The movie is __________ (interest). 2.My sister is a __________ (care) girl. 3.The cake tastes __________ (delicious). 句型 2 1.This book is as __________ (use) as that one. 2.Tom runs as __________(fast) as his brother. 3.Her handwriting is not so __________ (good) as mine. 句型 3 1.It is __________ (kind)__________you to help me. 2.It is __________(difficult)__________ him to finish the work in an hour. 3.It is _______ (foolish) ______her to believe the stranger. Excercise 4 比较级句型练习 句型 1 1.This skirt is __________(cheap) than that dress. 2.She is __________ (beautiful) than her sister. 3.The weather today is __________(bad) than yesterday. 句型 2 1.He is the __________ (tall) of the two boys. 2.This is the __________(interesting) of the two books. 句型 3 1.The days are getting _____ and ______ (long) in summer. 2.__________(hard) you study, __________ (good) grades you will get. 3.Our city is becoming __________ and __________(beautiful). Excercise 5 最高级句型练习 句型 1 1.This is the __________(exciting) movie I have ever seen. 2.She is the __________ (happy) girl in our class. 3.The elephant is the __________ (heavy) animal on land. 句型 2 1.Beijing is one of the __________ (large) cities in China. 2.This is one of thev (delicious) dishes in this restaurant. Excercise 6 特殊搭配句型练习 句型 1.The question is easy __________ (answer). 2.This box is heavy __________(carry). Excercise 7 综合练习 单项选择 1.The Forbidden City attracts a__________stream of visitors every day. A. constant B. main C. powerful D. shallow 2.There isn’t an airport near where I live. The__________one is about 90 miles away. A. busiest B. farthest C. newest D. nearest 3.I know this plan is far from perfect, but I just can’t think of__________one. A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best 4.-It’s one of the__________ things in the world to stay with friends. -I agree. It always makes us relaxed. A. worst B.happiest C. busiest D. hardest 5.-How are you getting along with your new classmates? -Very well. They are all__________ me. A. afraid of B. friendly to C. angry with D. sorry for 6.It’s such an__________film that all the students are__________in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested 7.To protect environment is__________ to take care of our lives. A. important B. the more important C. the most important D. as important as 8.This film is much__________than that one. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. very interesting 9.-Is the child any better today? -I think so. His temperature seems__________ now. A. high B. normal C. low D. special 10.The number of the trees around my village is getting__________. A. larger and larger B. higher and higher C. more and more D. less and less Excercise 8短文填空 No one can be happy all the time.You can be 1.__________(happy) sometimes.Here are some 2.__________(use) suggestions for you when you are in a bad mood. Talk to people you know 3.__________(good).Friends can help each other by realizing that they are not alone in their feelings.Talking to parents is 4.__________(help),too.Parents can share their own experience of dealing with bad moods. Teachers are also there to talk with you and make you feel much 5.__________(good). Do some exercise.Go for a run,play tennis,ride your bike,or punch a punching bag.They can help you get over your bad moods. Get enough sleep.Though it can be hard to find enough time,getting enough rest is 6.__________(real) important.Being tired can cause more sadness. Feel free to cry.There’s nothing wrong with [crying.In](crying.In) fact,it often makes a person feel good.If you find that you are sad,bored,or 7.__________(hope) much of the time,or if you just can’t seem to feel happy,you can have a cry.It can help you feel 8.__________(relax). 答案： Exercise 1 派生法填空 1.exciting；2. disappointed；3. useless；4. dangerous；5. national；6. acceptable；7. active；8. interesting；9. impossible；10. dishonest Exercise 2 单项选择 1.B；2.C；3.B；4.C；5.B；6.B；7.C；8.B；9.A；10.A；11.C；12.C；13.A；14.B；15.C；16.C；17.B；18.A；19.C；20.B Exercise 3 原级句型 1.interesting；careful；delicious 2.useful；fast；good 3.kind of；difficult for；foolish of Exercise 4 比较级句型 1.cheaper；more beautiful；worse 2.taller；more interesting 3.longer longer；The harder the better；more beautiful more beautiful Exercise 5 最高级句型 1.most exciting；happiest；heaviest 2.largest；most delicious Exercise 6 特殊搭配 1.to answer；2. to carry Exercise 7 综合单选 1.A；2.D；3.A；4.B；5.B；6.A；7.D；8.B；9.B；10.A Exercise 8 短文填空 1.unhappy；2. useful；3. well；4. helpful；5. better；6. really；7. hopeless；8. relaxed $