2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册期末测试卷（山东适用）

**基本信息** 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末测试卷，通过“伙伴长椅”公益项目、珠穆朗玛峰科学研究等真实情境与泰国礼仪、中国习俗等跨文化素材，融合语言能力与文化意识，实现基础巩固与能力提升的梯度考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|10/10|词汇（effort/inspired）、语法（时态/连词）|语境贴近生活（社区绿化、志愿者经历）| |完形填空|10/20|叙事逻辑、词汇运用（lonely/programme）|以Sammie公益故事培育思维品质（分析问题与自我成长）| |阅读理解|13/26|跨文化理解（泰国礼仪）、科学文本（珠峰形成与增长）|结合科技前沿（数字孪生技术）与人文关怀（地震救援）| |书面表达|1/20|应用文写作（邮件回复）|围绕中国礼仪（见面/做客/餐桌），强化跨文化沟通能力|

2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末测试卷 姓名:_分数:_ 第一部分 听力(略) 第二部分 英语知识运用 一、单项填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 从每小题所给的人B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 21.The community made a(n) _ to create more green spaces, planting hundreds of trees last spring. A.mistake B.advertisement C.effect D.effort 22.His story of helping others _ many students to join the volunteer team. A.inspired B.scared C.shocked D.embarrassed 23.—How long have you been a volunteer here? —I have been here _ two years. A.since B.for C.ever D.already 24.Every weekend, the local charity groups _ food to the poor families in this neighborhood. A.give up B.hand out C.hang up D.look for 25.The writer wrote the book to _ his love for life to young readers. A.express B.risk C.manage D.push 26.I think The Little Prince is a _ book. It always touches my heart when I read it. A.boring B.fascinating C.rude D.single 27.The students were _ when their teacher showed them an _ science experiment. A.excited; excited B.exciting; exciting C.excited; exciting D.exciting; excited 28.The city Nanchang is _ popular _ many people want to go there for a trip this year. A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to D.very; that 29.—What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday?—Pardon? Sorry, I _ about something else. A.think B.thought C.will think D.was thinking 30.—The drought has lasted for three months.—_ We must save every drop of water. A.That’s terrible! B.No way! C.Me too! D.I don’t know. 二、 完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 A Sammie Vance, 14, knows there’s nothing worse than being without friends. For years, she has been helping 31 kids. She is running the Buddy Bench 32 . Anyone who is lonely can sit on the buddy bench. It tells other kids he or she needs a 33 . It’s helpful to make other people notice someone in need of care. Sammie thought about the Buddy Bench programme in 2017. First she introduced the 34 to her teachers and parents to get their support (支持). But there were small challenges, like 35 . To make the cost less and to be eco-friendly, Sammie decided to make the bench from recycled materials (回收材料). She called on people to 36 bottle caps. In the end, she got over 1,200 pounds of them. A company called GreenTreePlastics recycled these and made them into three benches. The benches 37 became popular and soon brought kids together. From then on, Sammie helped communities (社区) around the country set up buddy benches. Sammie has experienced some changes 38 . She has learned to accept her weaknesses and become a better person. “I used to be really 39 ,” she says, “but I’m more outgoing now. It helps me 40 in different aspects of my life.” Sammie’s story shows helping people can start at any age. Even small acts of kindness can be powerful. 31.A.angry B.lonely C.lazy D.sick 32.A.school B.shop C.operation D.programme 33.A.doctor B.friend C.teacher D.mother 34.A.idea B.gift C.rule D.show 35.A.food B.time C.place D.money 36.A.collect B.open C.choose D.control 37.A.partly B.simply C.quickly D.usually 38.A.itself B.himself C.herself D.yourself 39.A.tired B.shy C.bored D.worried 40.A.choose B.think C.forgive D.grow 三、 阅读理解(共13小题;每小题2分,满分26分) 阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 A Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe I started reading the book in my early teens. My hope to be like Robinson and survive (生存) on a lonely island beat all my other hobbies. The book with its exciting adventures and the amazing skills of building and hunting influenced me deeply. It brought me a lasting interest in survival stories and exploration. — Jeff Green The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exup ry I read the book when I was a child. It opened my heart to kindness and friendship. My wish to travel with the little prince and meet those strange planets was stronger than any other dream. The story with the cute fox and the beautiful rose made me always love gentle stories and cute animals. — Susan Miller Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll The book has inspired my imagination and shaped my writing life. My desire to fall down a rabbit hole that might take me to Wonderland surpassed (胜过) my other childhood wishes. Wonderland with its Cheshire Cat and never-ending tea parties impressed me greatly. — Mandy Brown Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens The book made me think about being kind and fair. I really wanted to follow Oliver’s trip in the hard world. The story of poor Oliver made me care about people who are not lucky. — Lisa Smith 41.Which book is fit for kids interested in survival stories? A.Robinson Crusoe. B.The Little Prince. C.Alice in Wonderland. D.Oliver Twist. 42.What can we learn from Lisa Smith’s review on Oliver Twist? A.It made her like travelling. B.It led her to have an interest in animals. C.It made her care about the poor people. D.It advised her to write another story. 43.Where is this text maybe taken from? A.A fashion magazine. B.A research report. C.A sports newspaper. D.A book review. B Thailand is known as the “Land of Smiles”. When you spend your holiday in Thailand, you’d better keep in mind these simple tips. Personal image is very important in Thailand as a sign of respect for other people. Your clothes should be tidy, clean and free from holes. Shorts and sleeveless (无袖的) shirts are not welcomed in temples. Remember that you need to take off your shoes when entering rooms. So don’t wear shoes that are not easy to get on and off. The rules are even stricter with foreign visitors, so even if you see a local in shorts, it’s not OK for everyone. It’s not polite to touch a Thai on the head, including children. For Thais, the head is the most sacred (神圣的) part of the body. At the same time, don’t t… people with your feet, or even point with them because they think feet are the lowest and dirtiest. When sitting on the ground, try to sit in a way that doesn’t show others the bottoms of your feet. Always keep in mind the rules of saving face. Keep your cool even when things go wrong; you’ll be respected for doing so. For example, don’t complain when your bus breaks down. Instead, smile and say “mai pen rai”. 44.Which of the following are bad manners in Thailand? ①Wear clean and tidy clothes. ②Touch a lovely baby’s head. ③Show someone the bottoms of your feet. ④Take off your shoes before entering a temple. ⑤Wear shorts or jeans with holes. ⑥Avoid showing strong anger or shouting in public places. A.①④⑤⑥ B.③④⑥ C.②③⑤ D.②③⑥ 45.What is the proper word in the sentence “At the same time, don’t t… people with your feet…”? A.Turn. B.Touch. C.Test. D.Tie. 46.Which of the following has the closest meaning to “mai pen rai”? A.My pleasure. B.I’m sorry about that. C.It’s OK. Don’t worry. D.That’s great. C On December 18th, 2023, a big earthquake hit Jishishan County in Gansu. Ding Xiaolong was asleep at home when the earthquake happened. It woke him up and he quickly ran out of his house. He felt lucky to be alive, but all four members of his friend’s family had lost their lives. He was so sad when he knew the bad news. Ma Shijun, a middle school student, ran out of the dormitory (宿舍) without shoes. And his teachers quickly asked the students to go to the playground. “Seeing more and more rescue workers arriving, I find myself less afraid,” Ma said. The members of Blue Sky Rescue Team set up lots of tents. Some villagers offered hot water. Taxi drivers were busy carrying the injured to hospitals. M… teams were racing against time to help those in need. “Life is the most important,” said the head of a hospital. “There’s hope as long as people are alive.” 47.What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 2? A.The outside noise. B.Ding’s parents’ shouts. C.The earthquake. D.Ding’s friend’s call. 48.What is the proper word in the sentence “M… teams were racing against time to help those in need.”? A.Magical. B.Mobile. C.Medical. D.Musical. 49.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A.The earthquake caused many problems. B.People were trying their best to offer help. C.Lots of people lost homes during the earthquake. D.People had different opinions on the earthquake. D Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world. Do you know how Qomolangma started to form? Qomolangma’s rocks once sat at the bottom of the ocean. Around 45 million years ago, the Indian plate (板块) moved and hit the Eurasian plate. It made the land rise up and Qomolangma formed. Do you know that Qomolangma keeps growing? According to a new study by scientists from University College London (UCL), Qomolangma grew by 15 to 50 meters because of a geographic event about 89,000 years ago. However, the UCL team found that Qomolangma is growing faster these years. They estimated (估计) this to be between 0.16 and 0.53 millimeters each year! Now the height of Qomolangma rises a little bit every year because of big forces (力量) under the ground. It is also affected by weather conditions such as ice and snow. And rivers also affect it. The Arun River, which runs close to Qomolangma, has been cutting through rocks and washing away the land over time. This makes the mountain lighter, allowing it to rise like a boat when weight is taken away. The process of this rising is isostatic rebound (地壳均衡回弹). This means the Earth’s surface moves up or down when something heavy is taken away or put on. Qomolangma is not the only mountain that changes. The UCL team said that nearby mountains, Lhotse and Makalu, the fourth and fifth highest in the world, are also growing a little bit each year. How amazing nature is! 50.How does the writer start the passage? A.By showing a fact. B.By telling a story. C.By asking a question D. By doing tests 51.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A.How high Qomolangma is. B.Where Qomolangma is. C.How Qomolangma formed. D.When Qomolangma is. 52.What is the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D.①②③ 53.What would be the best title for the passage? A.Climbing to the top B.Qomolangma is getting taller C.Research on Mount Qomolangma D.Qomolangma 四、语篇补全(本大题共4小题,每小题1分,共4分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的六个选项中选出四个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When somebody gets sad, you can cheer him up by offering kindness. For example, you can give him a gift. In fact, giving a gift is more important than the gift itself. 54 Maybe he loves food, so surprise him with dinner, or take him to cooking classes. Of course, a gift doesn’t have to cost much, or even be a physical thing. You can take him to your secret place or offer him something you care for. They are often more priceless than something you can buy in a store. To show your kindness, you can also try, to make him smile. 55 But you need to remember to tell them at the right time, especially after a long talk. Now you’ve listened, offered advice and shown your kindness. 56 Perhaps, you may take him to watch movies, go hiking or listen to rock music together. Don’t be sad yourself if you aren’t happy, how can you cheer your friend up? So you can let him know you’re not happy when he isn’t happy, and you must also show him you are active. Help your friend and do as much as you can so he can feel someone cares about him. This builds trust. 57 Do this, always, happily. A.He knows he can depend on you. B.See if you can surprise him with it. C.What else you can do is to take his mind off it. D.Jokes and funny stories are always good choices. E.So think about what he loves the most in the world. F.You can’t help people who don’t want to help themselves. 5、 单词拼写。(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 根据汉语提示写出单词 58.It is not polite to _ (进入) a room without knocking at the door first. 59.We are all looking forward to your _ (决定) because what we’ll do depends on them. 60.The l (闪电) lit up the dark sky in a second. 61.Look! A big t (卡车) is coming down the road. 62.Jim is crazy about science f (小说). 63.I have fun (闲聊) with my classmates in the classroom. 64.Reading day by day has a good e (影响) on improving your language skills. 65.If you keep making the same mistake, the teacher will p (惩罚) you. 66.You should b (鞠躬) when you meet people in Japan and Korea. 67.It’s a custom to give g (礼物) at Christmas in some countries. 六、语法填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分10分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 The Yellow River is known 68 the mother river of the Chinese people. However, flood control and disaster forecasts (灾害预报) of the river have always been challenging for people. Now, scientists can better work on these problems by 69 (use) the digital twin technology (数字孪生技术). This kind of technology 70 (need) to use different kinds of devices (设备). They are set up along the river 71 (collect) information and send it to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is showed on the computer screen. It seems like the Yellow River has a twin that describes its real conditions. One of the 72 (important) devices is “smart stones”. A “smart stone” is a kind of detector (探测器) which can send messages to computers. The “smart stones” are put on the banks of the Yellow River to record and report the movement of the stones on the banks. If they feel any movement of these stones, they 73 (send) an alarm to the center. In the sky, there are flying drones. They work to look at the river, its banks and flood prevention projects. The drones provide 74 (research) with photos and information. And the researchers use this information to update (更新) the 3D model to watch the 75 (change) water conditions to avoid 76 (nature) disasters (灾难). Under the water and in the sky, smart systems are helpful to protect the Yellow River 77 (successful). According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see an even more complete digital system for the river. 五. 书面表达(共1小题;满分20分) 78.假设你是李华,你的新西兰笔友 Nancy近期计划到中国游学。她给你发来邮件向你询问中国的礼仪习俗。请你根据以下思维导图给她回复一封邮件。 注意:语句连贯,词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Nancy, I’m glad to hear that you are coming to China. Let me tell you some customs in China. _ I hope that the advice is helpful. Please feel free to ask me if you want to know more. Yours, Li Hua 答案 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两大题,满分30分) V. 单项填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 从每小题所给的人B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 21.The community made a(n) _ to create more green spaces, planting hundreds of trees last spring. A.mistake B.advertisement C.effect D.effort 【答案】D 【详解】句意:该社区为创造更多的绿地做出了努力,去年春天种了几百棵树。 考查名词辨析。mistake错误;advertisement广告;effect影响;effort努力。根据“…to create more green spaces, planting hundreds of trees last spring”可知,社区通过种植数百棵树这一实际行动来增加绿地面积,这属于付出了某种行动或尝试。固定短语make an effort to do sth.意为“努力做某事”,符合语境。故选D。 22.His story of helping others _ many students to join the volunteer team. A.inspired B.scared C.shocked D.embarrassed 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他帮助他人的故事激励了许多学生加入志愿者团队。 考查动词辨析。inspired激励;scared使害怕;shocked使震惊;embarrassed使尴尬。根据句意,帮助他人的故事通常会产生积极影响,促使他人参与志愿活动,因此“激励”最符合语境。故选A。 23.—How long have you been a volunteer here? —I have been here _ two years. A.since B.for C.ever D.already 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你在这里做志愿者多久了?——我已经在这里两年了。 考查介词辨析。since自从;for持续(一段时间);ever曾经;already已经。问句“How long...”询问时间段,答语“two years”是一段时间,表示持续状态应用介词 for。故选B。 24.Every weekend, the local charity groups _ food to the poor families in this neighborhood. A.give up B.hand out C.hang up D.look for 【答案】B 【详解】句意:每个周末,当地的慈善团体都会向这个街区的贫困家庭分发食物。 考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;hand out分发;hang up挂断(电话);look for寻找。根据“the local charity groups”以及“to the poor families”可知,慈善团体应该是“分发”食物给贫困家庭,故选B。 25.The writer wrote the book to _ his love for life to young readers. A.express B.risk C.manage D.push 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这位作家写这本书是为了向年轻读者表达他对生活的热爱。 考查动词辨析。express表达;risk冒险;manage管理;push推动。根据句意,写书的目的是“表达”对生活的热爱,其他选项不符合语境。故选A。 26.I think The Little Prince is a _ book. It always touches my heart when I read it. A.boring B.fascinating C.rude D.single 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我认为《小王子》是一本引人入胜的书。每次读它时,它总能触动我的心。 考查形容词辨析。boring无聊的;fascinating迷人的;rude粗鲁的;single单一的。根据“It always touches my heart when I read it.”可知,这本书是令人着迷的,故选B。 27.The students were _ when their teacher showed them an _ science experiment. A.excited; excited B.exciting; exciting C.excited; exciting D.exciting; excited 【答案】C 【详解】句意:当老师向他们展示一个令人兴奋的科学实验时,学生们都很兴奋。 考查形容词辨析。excited感到兴奋的,常修饰人;exciting令人兴奋的,常修饰事物。第一空主语是“The students”,指人,应填excited;第二空修饰“science experiment”,指物,应填exciting。故选C。 28.The city Nanchang is _ popular _ many people want to go there for a trip this year. A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to D.very; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意:南昌市如此受欢迎,以至于今年很多人都想去那里旅行。 考查结果状语从句。so ... that ...如此……以至于…… (so后接形容词或副词);such ... that ...如此……以至于……(such后接名词);too...to...太……而不能……;very...that...不是固定搭配。根据“The city Nanchang is … popular”可知,空格后是形容词popular,应用so ... that ...“如此……以至于……”结构。故选A。 29.—What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Pardon? Sorry, I _ about something else. A.think B.thought C.will think D.was thinking 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你即将到来的寒假计划是什么?——请再说一遍?抱歉,我刚才在想别的事情。 考查动词时态。根据“Pardon? Sorry”可知,回答者刚才没听清对方的话,是因为“刚才正在想别的事情”,强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选D。 30.—The drought has lasted for three months. —_ We must save every drop of water. A.That’s terrible! B.No way! C.Me too! D.I don’t know. 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——干旱已经持续了三个月。——这太糟糕了!我们必须节约每一滴水。 考查情境交际用语。That’s terrible!这太糟糕了!;No way!不可能!/没门!;Me too!我也是!;I don’t know.我不知道。根据前句“干旱持续了三个月”可知,后句表达对干旱的担忧或感叹,并引出节约用水的建议,只有A项符合语境。故选A。 VI. 完形填空 【答案】 31.B 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.C 39.B 40.D 【导语】本文讲述14岁的Sammie Vance通过“伙伴长椅”项目帮助孤独儿童,并在此过程中实现自我成长的故事。 31.句意:多年来,她一直在帮助孤独的孩子。 angry生气的;lonely孤独的;lazy懒惰的;sick生病的。根据“Anyone who is lonely can sit on the buddy bench.”可知,此处说的是帮助孤独的孩子,lonely符合语境,故选B。 32.句意:她正在运行“伙伴长椅”项目。 school学校;shop商店;operation手术;programme项目。根据“Sammie thought about the Buddy Bench programme in 2017.”可知,此处说的是“伙伴长椅”项目,programme符合语境,故选D。 33.句意:它告诉其他孩子他或她需要一个朋友。 doctor医生;friend朋友;teacher老师;mother妈妈。根据“Anyone who is lonely can sit on the buddy bench. It tells other kids he or she needs a...”可知,孤独的孩子坐在长椅上,是告诉其他孩子自己需要一个朋友,friend符合语境,故选B。 34.句意:首先,她向老师和家长介绍了这个想法,以获得他们的支持。 idea想法;gift礼物;rule规则;show展示。根据“Sammie thought about the Buddy Bench programme in 2017.”以及“to get their support”可知,此处说的是向老师和家长介绍自己的想法。故选A。 35.句意:但也有一些小挑战,比如资金问题。 food食物;time时间;place地方;money钱。根据“To make the cost less”可知,此处说的是资金方面的问题,money符合语境,故选D。 36.句意:她呼吁人们收集瓶盖。 collect收集;open打开;choose选择;control控制。根据“In the end, she got over 1,200 pounds of them.”可知,此处说的是呼吁人们收集瓶盖,collect符合语境,故选A。 37.句意:这些长椅很快就流行起来,很快就把孩子们聚到了一起。 partly部分地;simply简单地;quickly快速地;usually通常地。根据“and soon brought kids together”可知,此处说的是长椅很快就流行起来,quickly符合语境,故选C。 38.句意:Sammie自己也有一些改变。 itself它自己;himself他自己;herself她自己;yourself你自己。根据“She has learned to accept her weaknesses and become a better person.”可知,此处说的是Sammie自己,应用反身代词herself,故选C。 39.句意:我过去真的很害羞。 tired疲倦的;shy害羞的;bored无聊的;worried担心的。根据“but I'm more outgoing now”可知,此处说的是过去很害羞,shy符合语境,故选B。 40.句意:它帮助我在生活的不同方面成长。 choose选择;think思考;forgive原谅;grow成长。根据“She has learned to accept her weaknesses and become a better person.”以及“in different aspects of my life”可知,此处说的是帮助自己在生活的不同方面成长,grow符合语境,故选D。 阅读理解 A篇 【导语】本文主要介绍了四位读者对四本书的评论。 41.细节理解题。根据杰夫・格林的评论“The book with its exciting adventures and the amazing skills of building and hunting influenced me deeply. It brought me a lasting interest in survival stories and exploration.”可知,《鲁滨逊漂流记》讲述了生存技能和探险故事,适合对生存故事感兴趣的孩子。故选A。 42.细节理解题。根据莉萨・史密斯的评论“The story of poor Oliver made me care about people who are not lucky.”可知,《雾都孤儿》让她关心不幸的人(即穷人)。故选C。 43.推理判断题。文本是四位读者对四本书的阅读感受和评价,属于书评内容。故选D。 B篇 【导语】本文主要介绍了在泰国度假时需要注意的一些礼仪和建议,包括个人形象、行为举止以及顾全颜面的相关规则。 44.细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s not polite to touch a Thai on the head, including children.”可知,触摸可爱婴儿的头是不礼貌的;根据第三段“When sitting on the ground, try to sit in a way that doesn’t show others the bottoms of your feet.”可知,向别人展示脚底是不礼貌的;根据第二段“Your clothes should be tidy, clean and free from holes.”可知,穿有破洞的短裤或牛仔裤是不礼貌的,所以②③⑤是不礼貌的行为,故选C。 45.词句猜测题。根据第三段“it’s not polite to touch a Thai on the head, including children.”以及“or even point with them because they think feet are the lowest and dirtiest.”可知,此处是介绍泰国不礼貌的肢体行为,结合首字母“t”可推测,是不要用脚触碰别人,touch意为“触碰”,符合语境,故选B。 46.词句猜测题。根据第四段“For example, don’t complain when your bus breaks down. Instead, smile and say ‘mai pen rai’.”可知,当公交车出故障时,不要抱怨,而是微笑着说“mai pen rai”,由此可推测该短语的意思与It’s OK. Don’t worry.“没关系,别担心”相近,故选C。 C篇 【导语】本文主要介绍了甘肃省积石山县发生的地震,震后很多人主动提供了帮助,他们说只要活着就有希望。 47.词句猜测题。根据“Ding Xiaolong was asleep at home when the earthquake happened. It woke him up”可知,“It”指代前文提到的“the earthquake”,正是地震把他震醒了。故选C。 48.推理判断题。结合上下文语境,地震发生后,和蓝天救援队、村民、出租车司机一起参与救援的是“Medical teams”,他们争分夺秒救助伤者,符合逻辑。故选C。 49.主旨大意题。根据“The members of Blue Sky Rescue Team set up lots of tents. Some villagers offered hot water. Taxi drivers were busy carrying the injured to hospitals.”可知,蓝天救援队搭建帐篷、村民提供热水、出租车司机运送伤者、医疗队伍参与救援,核心是“人们尽最大努力提供帮助”。故选B。 D篇 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的形成原因、高度变化以及它并非唯一仍在增长的山峰,展现了自然的神奇之处。 50.推理判断题。根据文章开头以“Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world.”可知,开篇直接陈述事实,引出下文,因此作者是通过展示事实来开篇的。故选A。 51.主旨大意题。根据“Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world. … Around 45 million years ago, the Indian plate (板块) moved and hit the Eurasian plate. It made the land rise up and Qomolangma formed.”可知,第一段介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的高度,并说明了它是由板块运动形成的,核心是解释珠穆朗玛峰是如何形成的。故选C。 52.篇章结构题。根据“Qomolangma, at 8,848.86 meters, is the highest mountain in the world.”,“Qomolangma grew by 15 to 50 meters because of a geographic event about 89,000 years ago … This makes the mountain lighter, allowing it to rise like a boat when weight is taken away.”,“The UCL team said that nearby mountains”可知,第①段总起,介绍珠穆朗玛峰的基本信息与形成原因;第②-③段分述,分别介绍珠穆朗玛峰的高度增长数据、增长原因;第④段总结,指出珠穆朗玛峰并非唯一仍在增长的山峰。因此文章结构为“总—分—总”。故选B。 53.最佳标题题。根据“However, the UCL team found that Qomolangma is growing faster these years. They estimated (估计) this to be between 0.16 and 0.53 millimeters each year!”,“The UCL team said that nearby mountains … ”可知,全文围绕“珠穆朗玛峰仍在变高”展开,介绍了它的增长原因、数据,以及其他山峰的增长情况。因此最佳标题是Qomolangma is getting taller。故选B。 补全短文 【答案】54.E 55.D 56.C 57.A 【导语】文章主要讲述了如何通过善意和行动来安慰伤心的人,包括送礼物、讲笑话、转移注意力以及建立信任等方法。 54.根据“In fact, giving a gift is more important than the gift itself. 1 Maybe he loves food, so surprise him with dinner, or take him to cooking classes.”可知,空处应说明送礼物要投其所好,考虑对方喜欢什么。选项E“所以,想想他在世界上最喜欢什么。”符合语境,引出下文根据对方喜好来采取行动。故选E。 55.根据“To show your kindness, you can also try to make him smile.”以及“But you need to remember to tell them at the right time, especially after a long talk.”可知,空处应说明讲什么能使人开心。选项D“笑话和有趣的故事总是不错的选择。”符合语境,提供了让他微笑的具体方式。故选D。 56.根据“Perhaps, you may take him to watch movies, go hiking or listen to rock music together.”可知,空处应说明除了已经给出的建议外,还可以做什么。选项C“你还可以做的就是让他转移注意力。”符合语境,引出下文具体的转移注意力的活动。故选C。 57.根据“Help your friend and do as much as you can so he can feel someone cares about him. This builds trust.”可知,空处应说明建立信任的结果。选项A“他知道他可以依靠你。”符合语境,进一步说明了建立信任后的结果,即朋友知道可以依靠你。故选A。 单词拼写 58.【答案】enter 【详解】句意:不敲门就直接进入房间是不礼貌的。根据“It is not polite to...a room”以及汉语提示可知空格处需填入动词原形,作不定式to do的核心动作,汉语提示“进入”对应的英文为“enter”。故填enter。 59.【答案】decisions 【详解】句意:我们都期待着你的决定,因为我们将要做什么取决于它们。decision“决定”,根据“them”可知,此处需要用复数名词。故填decisions。 60.【答案】lightning/ightning 【详解】句意:闪电在一瞬间照亮了黑暗的天空。根据汉语提示和首字母可知,此处应用名词lightning,在句中作主语。lightning是不可数名词,没有复数形式,因此直接使用原形。故填lightning。 61.【答案】truck/ruck 【详解】句意:看!一辆大卡车正沿路驶来。根据首字母和中文提示可知,“卡车”对应的英文单词是truck。句中“a”表示单数,因此使用名词原形即可。故填truck。 62【答案】fiction/iction 【详解】句意:吉姆对科幻小说很着迷。根据句意和首字母以及括号内提示词可推断,这里表示“小说”,fiction意为“小说”,“science fiction”是固定搭配,意为“科幻小说”,符合语境。故填fiction。 63.【答案】chatting 【详解】句意:我在教室里和同学们闲聊很开心。“have fun (in) doing sth.”是固定用法,表示“做某事很开心”;“chat”意为“闲聊”,其动名词形式是“chatting”,故填chatting。 64.【答案】effect/ffect 【详解】句意:日复一日的阅读对提升你的语言技能有很好的影响。根据首字母“e”和括号内的中文提示“影响”可知,此处考查effect“影响”,名词;have a good effect on是固定搭配,意为“对…… 有好的影响”。故填effect。 65.【答案】punish/unish 【详解】句意:如果你继续犯同样的错误,老师会惩罚你。根据首字母和汉语提示可知,punish“惩罚”,动词;will后用动词原形。故填punish。 66.【答案】bow/ow 【详解】句意:在日本和韩国,与人见面时你应该鞠躬。根据首字母 “b” 和中文提示 “鞠躬”,可推断这里用动词bow。情态动词“should”后应接动词原形。故填bow。 67.【答案】gifts/ifts 【详解】句意:在某些国家,圣诞节赠送礼物是一种习俗。根据句意和首字母以及括号内提示词可推断这里表示“礼物”,gift“礼物”,可数名词。此处泛指赠送礼物,常用复数形式gifts。故填gifts。 语法填空 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家如何利用数字孪生技术来更好地治理和保护黄河。 68.句意:黄河被誉为中国人民的母亲河。be known as“作为……而出名”,固定搭配。故填as。 69.句意:如今,借助数字孪生技术,科学家们能够更好地处理这些问题。介词by后接动名词,use的动名词是using。故填using。 70.句意:这种技术需要使用各种不同的设备。时态是一般现在时,主语This kind of technology是三单,谓语动词用三单形式。故填needs。 71.句意:这些设备沿着河流布置,用于收集信息并将其发送至中心。此处应用不定式作目的状语,表示“设备沿着河流布置是为了收集信息并发送到中心”,故填to collect。 72.句意:其中最重要的设备之一是“智能石”。one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词,表示“最……的……之一”。important的最高级是most important,故填most important。 73.句意:如果它们感觉到这些石头有任何移动,就会向中心发送警报。if引导的条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的时态规则,此处是主句的谓语动词,应用一般将来时will do结构。故填will send。 74.句意:这些无人机为研究人员提供了照片和信息。provide sb. with sth.是固定搭配,此处应是表示人的名词“研究人员”,且需用复数形式,researchers“研究人员”符合语境。故填researchers。 75.句意:而研究人员则利用这些信息来更新三维模型,以便观察不断变化的水情,从而避免自然灾害的发生。此处应用形容词修饰名词water conditions,changing意为“正在变化的”符合语境。故填changing。 76.句意:而研究人员则利用这些信息来更新三维模型,以便观察不断变化的水情,从而避免自然灾害的发生。此处应用形容词修饰名词disasters,nature的形容词形式是natural“自然的”。故填natural。 77.句意:在水下和空中,智能系统有助于成功保护黄河。此处应用副词修饰动词protect,successful的副词形式是successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 78.【答案】例文 Dear Nancy, I’m glad to hear that you are coming to China. Let me tell you some customs in China. When you first meet someone, you’re supposed to shake hands instead of hugging or kissing the person. If you visit a Chinese friend, you should call first. You’re supposed to bring your friend a small gift and you’d better arrive at your friend’s house on time. Chinese people usually use chopsticks at the table and have some tea after meals. You are supposed to eat up the food that the host gives you. After meals, say something good about the food and have small talk with your host. I hope that the advice is helpful. Please feel free to ask me if you want to know more. Yours, Li Hua 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $