2026年中考英语语法专题九 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

专题九 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 知识导引 1. 时态 不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动作形式称作动词时态。中考主要考查的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时等。 2. 语态 语态表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是动作的执行者；被动语态中主语是动作的承受者。 3. 主谓一致 (1) 意义一致原则：又叫概念一致原则，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要根据主语所表达的概念来决定。 (2) 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 (3) 就近原则：谓语动词的数要与最靠近它的主语（主要指名词或代词）的数保持一致。 基础训练 一、单项选择 1. Listen! The birds ______ in the tree now. A. sing B. sang C. are singing D. were singing 2. The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ______. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken D. has taken 3. When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ______ an old man cross the road. A. helps B. was helping C. will help D. helped 4. Look! The students in Class One ______ a class meeting. It’s about good habits. A. have B. are having C. had D. has 5. My teacher told us that May 18th ______ the International Museum Day. A. is B. was C. be D. were 6. A lot of people in China ______ by high-speed train every year. A. travel B. traveled C. will travel D. have traveled 7. Lao She wrote many plays and he ______ “the People’s Artist”. A. names B. named C. was named D. has named 8. Jenny is an early bird. She ______ at 6:00 in the morning. A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 9. Tom ______ the dog at the moment. A. is walking B. walks C. has walked D. walked 10. Since I was born, my family ______ in the same flat. A. live B. will live C. are living D. have lived 11. Look at the children. They ______ kites in the park now. A. flew B. flies C. are flying D. will fly 12. In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ______ to be smart. A. say B. is said C. says D. are said 13. Linda prefers musicians who ______ different kinds of music. A. play B. plays C. was playing D. is playing 14. Emma got excited when her writing ______ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 15. With the help of my teacher, I ______ much progress in English since last year. A. am making B. will make C. was making D. have made 二、完成句子 A. 根据句意，用所给提示词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and his parents ______ (have) supper when the phone rang. 2. This stone bridge ______ (build) over 800 years ago. 3. Have you ever ______ (try) Chinese food outside of China? 4. Elena ______ (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out the window. 5. —What time does John usually have breakfast on school days? —He usually ______ (have) breakfast at 7 o’clock. B. 根据句意和所给汉语提示完成句子。（每空一词） 6. 哈里打开电脑查看电子邮件。 Harry ______ ______ his computer and checked his email. 7. 神州十七号航天员乘组于2024年5月1日平安抵京。 The Shenzhou-17 astronaut crew ______ ______ Beijing safely on May 1st, 2024. 8. 越来越多的人正在使用AI来帮助他们工作。 More and more people ______ ______ AI to help them with their work. 9. 十岁那年，做则必成。 Difficult as the task is, ______ ______ get the job done if we keep working at it. 10. 海伦拿起一本杂志，开始看起来。 Helen ______ ______ a magazine and began to read. 强化训练 一、单项选择 1. —Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please? —Wait a minute, please. She ______ in the kitchen now. A. cooked B. is cooking C. will cook D. was cooking 2. I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ______ later. A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 3. Look! My sister ______ the table. Let’s give her a hand. A. set B. sets C. is setting D. was setting 4. Chinese ______ by more and more people around the world these days. A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken 5. Alex ______ tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. was studying 6. —Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ______ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving 7. —Where is Helen? —I’m not sure. Maybe she ______ her baseball lesson. A. had B. was having C. is having D. will have 8. —What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ______ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A. go B. went C. will go D. was going 9. Ted preferred pop music when he ______ about his favorite music in the interview. A. was asked B. asked C. is asked D. asks 10. —Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ______ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A. came B. were coming C. will come D. have come 11. —There ______ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. A. are B. is C. were D. was 12. —Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ______ only at dinner. A. serve B. are served C. are serving D. will serve 13. As a Chinese traditional martial art, Taijiquan ______ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B. is spreading C. will spread D. has spread 14. —Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ______ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A. will practice B. have practiced C. am practicing D. was practicing 二、完成句子 A. 根据句意，用所给提示词的适当形式填空。 1. Education ______ (keep) your choice open. 2. Don’t lose heart, son. There ______ (be) always a way out. 3. No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be ______ (solve) in the end. 4. —How can I become a successful person? —Well, you should remember that success is never ______ (achieve) by luck. 5. —Do you know the book Between a Rock and a Hard Place? —Yes, it ______ (write) by Aron Ralston. B. 根据所给情境和汉语完成句子。 6. Weihai has many seaweed houses. 7. Some of them were built more than 300 years ago. 8. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. 9. Last month, I went to visit the seaweed houses. The villagers were repairing them. 10. An old man told me that fewer and fewer people can build seaweed houses. 11. I think it is very necessary to carry forward this ancient art. 参考答案 基础训练 一、单项选择 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. D 二、完成句子 A. 1. were having 2. was built 3. tried 4. dropped 5. has B. 6. turned on 7. landed in 8. are using 9. we can 10. picked up 强化训练 一、单项选择 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. D 二、完成句子 A. 1. keeps 2. is 3. solved 4. achieved 5. was written B. 6. Weihai has many seaweed houses. 7. Some of them were built more than 300 years ago. 8. They are warm in winter and cool in summer. 9. Last month, I went to visit the seaweed houses and the villagers were repairing them. 10. An old man told me that fewer and fewer people are able to build seaweed houses. 11. I think it is very necessary to carry forward this ancient art. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $